Cch luyn c mt ging ni hay, cun ht.

Bn bao gi thc mc ti sao nhng chnh tr gia ni ting, doanh nhn thnh t, hay MCli c mt
ging ni hay nh vy? Bn ng lm tng ging ni hay l do tri ph. Khng phi vy u nh! Cht
ging (trm, m, vang, thnh tht) l do tri ph nhng bn hon ton c th ni hay bng cch t mnh
luyn tp.

C nhiu ngi ni: Khi nh gi mt con ngi, nhiu khi khng cn nghe h ni iu g, ch cn
nghe ging ni ca h th no. Ni nh vy hiu v vai tr ca ging ni quan trng th no. D bn
khng c mt cht ging tri sinh nhng bn vn c th t luyn tp c mt ging ni hay v gt hi
c tht nhiu thnh cng trong cng vic v cuc sng.

Mt ging ni c coi l hay cn t c cc tiu chun: R rng iu khin c m lng v tc
ni C ng iu m i Sc truyn cm.

1. Pht m r rng: pht m r rng, ta phi tp c mi ngy vi mi trang sch, c tht k tng ch
n khi no ta nhp tm n ni trong khi ni chuyn bnh thung ta cng pht m k lng tng ch, l
thnh cng. Nu khi ni chuyn vi mi ngi m cn pht m vi v, cha trn ch th phi luyn tp
tip.
2. iu khin c m lng v tc ni: m lng khi ni: Ni qu kh nh ngi ht hi hoc qu
mnh nh qut mng u khng thch ng, nn khng ch ging ni vi m lng va phi, m bo nh
ch rnh rt khc chit trong sng. Khi luyn tp, nn ng trc gng cho d theo di chnh sa ngn
ng c th. Nu mun h thp ging th trc ht phi iu chnh tm trng cho tht thoi mi, hoc lin
tng n mt s ln iu quen thuc. Ngoi ra cn phi luyn tp cch ni chuyn t t thm th, trong
mt on c cu ni to cao ging, c cu h thp ging thm th nh gi thong, nh vy s c tc dng
cun ht ngi nghe. Tc ni: Ngi ni nn trnh tit tu u u sut t u n cui. Phi c lc
nhanh hn mt cht, phi c lc chm hn mt cht, thm ch c lc ngng hn mi ngi suy ngh.
Trnh ni qu nhanh hoc qu chm. Ni nhanh qu lm cho ngi nghe phi tip nhn mt lng thng
tin ln trong mt thi gian ngn khin cho no h khng x l, phn tch, n nhn kp, v khin h b
qu ti, nghe vi pht l mt. Ngc li, ni qu chm cng lm b no ngi nghe khng cn phi lm
vic nhiu, v cng sinh bun ng.Ta phi kho iu chnh tc sao cho va phi, ng nhanh, nhng
cng ng r r qu.
3. To ng iu m i:Ng iu l s trm bng ca cc ting phi hp vi nhau, ph hp n mc no
vi tnh cm v ngha cn biu t. Ng iu khng i hi phi l lt nh iu nhc, nhng cng
rt cn s m i. Mt trong nhng cch c mt ng iu m i l tp ni ri ghi m v nghe li ging
ni ca mnh tinh nhn ra nhng cao cha ph hp. Ngoi ra th vic thnh thong ct ging ht
mt giai iu yu thch no cng l cch rt hiu qu luyn ng iu.
4. To sc truyn cm:S chn thnh xut pht t bn thn ngi ni s dn dn to nn m sc v tnh
truyn cm. Theo Pht gio, Tnh truyn cm trong ging ni c to nn bng lng T bi v tha.
Ngi c trong tim lng thng yu mun loi t nhin ging ni s truyn cm. y l iu khng th
lm khc i c.Ai khng c lng t m ch mun tp luyn c m sc hay t nhin l iu khng th
c.Khi c lng t i v tha, mc d cha th lm iu g li ch cho mi ngi, ta vn gi gn cn thn
tng li ni, c ch khng lm ngi khc bun. Khi tip xc vi ai, ta ch mun ngi c vui v
hi lng thoi mi. Hy so snh, c nhng ngi sn sng bung ra mt cu lm au lng ngi
khc, v mt ngi t ch mun ni nhng cu lm p lng ngi, rt chn thnh. Tm lng chn thnh
mun cho mi ngi vui l nguyn nhn khin cho ta c ging ni truyn cm. Chnh v vy, ngi ta
thng ni ging ni biu th ni tm.
5. Nguyn tc vng: Ni ging bng:Liu bn c bit rng hu nh tt c nhng ngi thnh t, giu c,
nhng chnh tr gia u c m pht ra t trong bng? Ni ging bng tc l ly hi th t c bng. Ngi
ni ging bng th ting trm v su lng. Nhng lm th no c th tp luyn c phng php ni
ging bng?
Bc 1: Tp ly hi t bng.Trc tin t 2 tay ln ngc v bng xem cch ht th su bnh thng
nh th no. Thng thng khi ht vo th ngc cng ra nhng bng li hi co li, khi th ra th ngc xp
xung v bng li hi phnh ra.
Sau ch ng dng ch iu khin hi th, khi ht vo th cng lc c dn kh xung vng bng
(ci ny trong chng n gi l "vn kh vo an in" )
Lc khi ht su, ngc hi cng 1 cht, cn bng cng nhiu hn, khi th ra th bng xp xung v ngc
cng xp xung 1 cht.
- Thn ngi ng thng, hai bn tay nm li, thng ra pha trc, song song mt t, th ra t t.
- Ht mnh hai tay ra pha sau, lun thng cnh tay, ht nh nhng v mau l bng mi ln hi vo su
trong phi
- Dng li mt vi giy nn hi v gi lng ngc cng, bng bp li
- a hai tay ra pha trc nh lc u v th ra t t, ngc h xung v bng phnh ra
- C th tip tc trong khong t 20-30 pht.

Bn luyn ly hi bng bng trong khong 30 ngy s quen.

Bc 2: Luyn m vm cng minh (khoang ming)
Khi pht m, bn c gng m to vm ming hi t bng cng hng bn trong khoang ming, to nn
ting vang. S dng vm cng minh s gip cho bn khng phi c gng ln ging bng dy thanh qun,
b khn ting.

Khi luyn cch s dng vm cng minh, c gng pht m to v trn ch, chm v vang.
Sau thay i cao , pht m t cc m trm ti m bng.

Thi gian u cha dng quen, bn kiu g cng dng nhm bng cch pht m da ch yu vo c hng
v dy thanh qun, dn ti khn ting. Khn ting tc l c hng v dy thanh qun ca bn ang b tn
thng nh, lc trnh c qu sc, s nh hng ti cht ging sau ny.

Tuy nhin sau , khi phi pht m to, c th s t la, thm vo l s iu khin cho ch t no,
s dng vm cng minh mt cch hiu qu.

CHIN THUT TNG BC LUYN GING NI

1.Luyn t

Ci ln bt u t ci nh. Mun ni c cu chun th phi ni tng t chun. S c ngi ci khy, t
th lm sao m sai c. Va ri, c ngi bn ca ti i hc mt lp luyn ni, ng thy c cho c lp
c mt cu rt n gin, v d "ecological thinking and ecology protection should go together". Bn ti
chc mm lm sao mnh c th c sai mt cu ni n gin n nhng vy. Nhng nhm to, vn sai
nh thng, cc bn t pht hin ci sai d mc y l g nh.

Khi luyn t cn ch cc im sau:

a. Pht m: (hay m c, khng tnh trng m) ting Anh l th ting khng c quy tc, nhng ci khng
c quy tc ca n cng li c quy tc, m ci s quy tc y cng li chng c quy tc g. pht m ng
tng t, ta va phi hc thuc, va phi lin tc t duy pht hin v ghi nh cc quy tc n du ca n.
Mt vn t vng c coi l ti thiu dng l 5000, th cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh u,
ti ngh rng bn s phi nh ti thiu c ngn trng hp khc nhau. T nhng ci bt quy tc thng
thng nh doubt (dawt), debt (det) cho n nhng th qui thai nh bury ('be:ri) th ta khng c cch no
khc l hc vt.

b. Trng m: ci ny mi gi l khoai. Sai v pht m th cn chm trc c, v ting Anh a phng
thng khng p ng c nhu cu ny, chng hn ting Anh-Latin, h c ch khc g ting Ty Ban
Nha. Nhng trng m th phi tuyt i ch . Bn c th pht m sai, thm ch sai tot, nhng nu ng
trng m th ngi nghe vn nm bt ngon. Chc l mi ngi u bit, ting Anh cng nh mt s ngn
ng phng Ty, ngi ta nghe trng m l chnh. Nu ni ng trng m, th d c ni nh, hay b nhiu
(nh nghe qua ng in thoi r, hay trong lc n o) ngi nghe vn c th on ra c mnh
nh ni.

Mt ln na, luyn trng m t phi luyn word by word, ngha l tng t mt, v vi 5000 t vng th
cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh. Tuy nhin quy tc trng m th c hm b lng hn.

Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:

No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
- Thn ngi ng thng, hai bn tay nm li, thng ra pha trc, song song mt t, th ra t t.
- Ht mnh hai tay ra pha sau, lun thng cnh tay, ht nh nhng v mau l bng mi ln hi vo su
trong phi
- Dng li mt vi giy nn hi v gi lng ngc cng, bng bp li
- a hai tay ra pha trc nh lc u v th ra t t, ngc h xung v bng phnh ra
- C th tip tc trong khong t 20-30 pht.
Bn luyn ly hi bng bng trong khong 30 ngy s quen.

Bc 2: Luyn m vm cng minh (khoang ming)
Khi pht m, bn c gng m to vm ming hi t bng cng hng bn trong khoang ming, to nn
ting vang. S dng vm cng minh s gip cho bn khng phi c gng ln ging bng dy thanh qun,
b khn ting.

Khi luyn cch s dng vm cng minh, c gng pht m to v trn ch, chm v vang.
Sau thay i cao , pht m t cc m trm ti m bng.

Thi gian u cha dng quen, bn kiu g cng dng nhm bng cch pht m da ch yu vo c hng
v dy thanh qun, dn ti khn ting. Khn ting tc l c hng v dy thanh qun ca bn ang b tn
thng nh, lc trnh c qu sc, s nh hng ti cht ging sau ny.

Tuy nhin sau , khi phi pht m to, c th s t la, thm vo l s iu khin cho ch t no,
s dng vm cng minh mt cch hiu qu.

CHIN THUT TNG BC LUYN GING NI

1.Luyn t

Ci ln bt u t ci nh. Mun ni c cu chun th phi ni tng t chun. S c ngi ci khy, t
th lm sao m sai c. Va ri, c ngi bn ca ti i hc mt lp luyn ni, ng thy c cho c lp
c mt cu rt n gin, v d "ecological thinking and ecology protection should go together". Bn ti
chc mm lm sao mnh c th c sai mt cu ni n gin n nhng vy. Nhng nhm to, vn sai
nh thng, cc bn t pht hin ci sai d mc y l g nh.

Khi luyn t cn ch cc im sau:

a. Pht m: (hay m c, khng tnh trng m) ting Anh l th ting khng c quy tc, nhng ci khng
c quy tc ca n cng li c quy tc, m ci s quy tc y cng li chng c quy tc g. pht m ng
tng t, ta va phi hc thuc, va phi lin tc t duy pht hin v ghi nh cc quy tc n du ca n.
Mt vn t vng c coi l ti thiu dng l 5000, th cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh u,
ti ngh rng bn s phi nh ti thiu c ngn trng hp khc nhau. T nhng ci bt quy tc thng
thng nh doubt (dawt), debt (det) cho n nhng th qui thai nh bury ('be:ri) th ta khng c cch no
khc l hc vt.

b. Trng m: ci ny mi gi l khoai. Sai v pht m th cn chm trc c, v ting Anh a phng
thng khng p ng c nhu cu ny, chng hn ting Anh-Latin, h c ch khc g ting Ty Ban
Nha. Nhng trng m th phi tuyt i ch . Bn c th pht m sai, thm ch sai tot, nhng nu ng
trng m th ngi nghe vn nm bt ngon. Chc l mi ngi u bit, ting Anh cng nh mt s ngn
ng phng Ty, ngi ta nghe trng m l chnh. Nu ni ng trng m, th d c ni nh, hay b nhiu
(nh nghe qua ng in thoi r, hay trong lc n o) ngi nghe vn c th on ra c mnh
nh ni.

Mt ln na, luyn trng m t phi luyn word by word, ngha l tng t mt, v vi 5000 t vng th
cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh. Tuy nhin quy tc trng m th c hm b lng hn.

Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:

No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Bn luyn ly hi bng bng trong khong 30 ngy s quen.
Bc 2: Luyn m vm cng minh (khoang ming)
Khi pht m, bn c gng m to vm ming hi t bng cng hng bn trong khoang ming, to nn
ting vang. S dng vm cng minh s gip cho bn khng phi c gng ln ging bng dy thanh qun,
b khn ting.

Khi luyn cch s dng vm cng minh, c gng pht m to v trn ch, chm v vang.
Sau thay i cao , pht m t cc m trm ti m bng.

Thi gian u cha dng quen, bn kiu g cng dng nhm bng cch pht m da ch yu vo c hng
v dy thanh qun, dn ti khn ting. Khn ting tc l c hng v dy thanh qun ca bn ang b tn
thng nh, lc trnh c qu sc, s nh hng ti cht ging sau ny.

Tuy nhin sau , khi phi pht m to, c th s t la, thm vo l s iu khin cho ch t no,
s dng vm cng minh mt cch hiu qu.

CHIN THUT TNG BC LUYN GING NI

1.Luyn t

Ci ln bt u t ci nh. Mun ni c cu chun th phi ni tng t chun. S c ngi ci khy, t
th lm sao m sai c. Va ri, c ngi bn ca ti i hc mt lp luyn ni, ng thy c cho c lp
c mt cu rt n gin, v d "ecological thinking and ecology protection should go together". Bn ti
chc mm lm sao mnh c th c sai mt cu ni n gin n nhng vy. Nhng nhm to, vn sai
nh thng, cc bn t pht hin ci sai d mc y l g nh.

Khi luyn t cn ch cc im sau:

a. Pht m: (hay m c, khng tnh trng m) ting Anh l th ting khng c quy tc, nhng ci khng
c quy tc ca n cng li c quy tc, m ci s quy tc y cng li chng c quy tc g. pht m ng
tng t, ta va phi hc thuc, va phi lin tc t duy pht hin v ghi nh cc quy tc n du ca n.
Mt vn t vng c coi l ti thiu dng l 5000, th cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh u,
ti ngh rng bn s phi nh ti thiu c ngn trng hp khc nhau. T nhng ci bt quy tc thng
thng nh doubt (dawt), debt (det) cho n nhng th qui thai nh bury ('be:ri) th ta khng c cch no
khc l hc vt.

b. Trng m: ci ny mi gi l khoai. Sai v pht m th cn chm trc c, v ting Anh a phng
thng khng p ng c nhu cu ny, chng hn ting Anh-Latin, h c ch khc g ting Ty Ban
Nha. Nhng trng m th phi tuyt i ch . Bn c th pht m sai, thm ch sai tot, nhng nu ng
trng m th ngi nghe vn nm bt ngon. Chc l mi ngi u bit, ting Anh cng nh mt s ngn
ng phng Ty, ngi ta nghe trng m l chnh. Nu ni ng trng m, th d c ni nh, hay b nhiu
(nh nghe qua ng in thoi r, hay trong lc n o) ngi nghe vn c th on ra c mnh
nh ni.

Mt ln na, luyn trng m t phi luyn word by word, ngha l tng t mt, v vi 5000 t vng th
cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh. Tuy nhin quy tc trng m th c hm b lng hn.

Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:

No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Bc 2: Luyn m vm cng minh (khoang ming)
Khi pht m, bn c gng m to vm ming hi t bng cng hng bn trong khoang ming, to nn
ting vang. S dng vm cng minh s gip cho bn khng phi c gng ln ging bng dy thanh qun,
b khn ting.
Khi luyn cch s dng vm cng minh, c gng pht m to v trn ch, chm v vang.
Sau thay i cao , pht m t cc m trm ti m bng.

Thi gian u cha dng quen, bn kiu g cng dng nhm bng cch pht m da ch yu vo c hng
v dy thanh qun, dn ti khn ting. Khn ting tc l c hng v dy thanh qun ca bn ang b tn
thng nh, lc trnh c qu sc, s nh hng ti cht ging sau ny.

Tuy nhin sau , khi phi pht m to, c th s t la, thm vo l s iu khin cho ch t no,
s dng vm cng minh mt cch hiu qu.

CHIN THUT TNG BC LUYN GING NI

1.Luyn t

Ci ln bt u t ci nh. Mun ni c cu chun th phi ni tng t chun. S c ngi ci khy, t
th lm sao m sai c. Va ri, c ngi bn ca ti i hc mt lp luyn ni, ng thy c cho c lp
c mt cu rt n gin, v d "ecological thinking and ecology protection should go together". Bn ti
chc mm lm sao mnh c th c sai mt cu ni n gin n nhng vy. Nhng nhm to, vn sai
nh thng, cc bn t pht hin ci sai d mc y l g nh.

Khi luyn t cn ch cc im sau:

a. Pht m: (hay m c, khng tnh trng m) ting Anh l th ting khng c quy tc, nhng ci khng
c quy tc ca n cng li c quy tc, m ci s quy tc y cng li chng c quy tc g. pht m ng
tng t, ta va phi hc thuc, va phi lin tc t duy pht hin v ghi nh cc quy tc n du ca n.
Mt vn t vng c coi l ti thiu dng l 5000, th cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh u,
ti ngh rng bn s phi nh ti thiu c ngn trng hp khc nhau. T nhng ci bt quy tc thng
thng nh doubt (dawt), debt (det) cho n nhng th qui thai nh bury ('be:ri) th ta khng c cch no
khc l hc vt.

b. Trng m: ci ny mi gi l khoai. Sai v pht m th cn chm trc c, v ting Anh a phng
thng khng p ng c nhu cu ny, chng hn ting Anh-Latin, h c ch khc g ting Ty Ban
Nha. Nhng trng m th phi tuyt i ch . Bn c th pht m sai, thm ch sai tot, nhng nu ng
trng m th ngi nghe vn nm bt ngon. Chc l mi ngi u bit, ting Anh cng nh mt s ngn
ng phng Ty, ngi ta nghe trng m l chnh. Nu ni ng trng m, th d c ni nh, hay b nhiu
(nh nghe qua ng in thoi r, hay trong lc n o) ngi nghe vn c th on ra c mnh
nh ni.

Mt ln na, luyn trng m t phi luyn word by word, ngha l tng t mt, v vi 5000 t vng th
cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh. Tuy nhin quy tc trng m th c hm b lng hn.

Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:

No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Khi luyn cch s dng vm cng minh, c gng pht m to v trn ch, chm v vang.
Sau thay i cao , pht m t cc m trm ti m bng.
Thi gian u cha dng quen, bn kiu g cng dng nhm bng cch pht m da ch yu vo c hng
v dy thanh qun, dn ti khn ting. Khn ting tc l c hng v dy thanh qun ca bn ang b tn
thng nh, lc trnh c qu sc, s nh hng ti cht ging sau ny.

Tuy nhin sau , khi phi pht m to, c th s t la, thm vo l s iu khin cho ch t no,
s dng vm cng minh mt cch hiu qu.

CHIN THUT TNG BC LUYN GING NI

1.Luyn t

Ci ln bt u t ci nh. Mun ni c cu chun th phi ni tng t chun. S c ngi ci khy, t
th lm sao m sai c. Va ri, c ngi bn ca ti i hc mt lp luyn ni, ng thy c cho c lp
c mt cu rt n gin, v d "ecological thinking and ecology protection should go together". Bn ti
chc mm lm sao mnh c th c sai mt cu ni n gin n nhng vy. Nhng nhm to, vn sai
nh thng, cc bn t pht hin ci sai d mc y l g nh.

Khi luyn t cn ch cc im sau:

a. Pht m: (hay m c, khng tnh trng m) ting Anh l th ting khng c quy tc, nhng ci khng
c quy tc ca n cng li c quy tc, m ci s quy tc y cng li chng c quy tc g. pht m ng
tng t, ta va phi hc thuc, va phi lin tc t duy pht hin v ghi nh cc quy tc n du ca n.
Mt vn t vng c coi l ti thiu dng l 5000, th cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh u,
ti ngh rng bn s phi nh ti thiu c ngn trng hp khc nhau. T nhng ci bt quy tc thng
thng nh doubt (dawt), debt (det) cho n nhng th qui thai nh bury ('be:ri) th ta khng c cch no
khc l hc vt.

b. Trng m: ci ny mi gi l khoai. Sai v pht m th cn chm trc c, v ting Anh a phng
thng khng p ng c nhu cu ny, chng hn ting Anh-Latin, h c ch khc g ting Ty Ban
Nha. Nhng trng m th phi tuyt i ch . Bn c th pht m sai, thm ch sai tot, nhng nu ng
trng m th ngi nghe vn nm bt ngon. Chc l mi ngi u bit, ting Anh cng nh mt s ngn
ng phng Ty, ngi ta nghe trng m l chnh. Nu ni ng trng m, th d c ni nh, hay b nhiu
(nh nghe qua ng in thoi r, hay trong lc n o) ngi nghe vn c th on ra c mnh
nh ni.

Mt ln na, luyn trng m t phi luyn word by word, ngha l tng t mt, v vi 5000 t vng th
cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh. Tuy nhin quy tc trng m th c hm b lng hn.

Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:

No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Thi gian u cha dng quen, bn kiu g cng dng nhm bng cch pht m da ch yu vo c hng
v dy thanh qun, dn ti khn ting. Khn ting tc l c hng v dy thanh qun ca bn ang b tn
thng nh, lc trnh c qu sc, s nh hng ti cht ging sau ny.
Tuy nhin sau , khi phi pht m to, c th s t la, thm vo l s iu khin cho ch t no,
s dng vm cng minh mt cch hiu qu.

CHIN THUT TNG BC LUYN GING NI

1.Luyn t

Ci ln bt u t ci nh. Mun ni c cu chun th phi ni tng t chun. S c ngi ci khy, t
th lm sao m sai c. Va ri, c ngi bn ca ti i hc mt lp luyn ni, ng thy c cho c lp
c mt cu rt n gin, v d "ecological thinking and ecology protection should go together". Bn ti
chc mm lm sao mnh c th c sai mt cu ni n gin n nhng vy. Nhng nhm to, vn sai
nh thng, cc bn t pht hin ci sai d mc y l g nh.

Khi luyn t cn ch cc im sau:

a. Pht m: (hay m c, khng tnh trng m) ting Anh l th ting khng c quy tc, nhng ci khng
c quy tc ca n cng li c quy tc, m ci s quy tc y cng li chng c quy tc g. pht m ng
tng t, ta va phi hc thuc, va phi lin tc t duy pht hin v ghi nh cc quy tc n du ca n.
Mt vn t vng c coi l ti thiu dng l 5000, th cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh u,
ti ngh rng bn s phi nh ti thiu c ngn trng hp khc nhau. T nhng ci bt quy tc thng
thng nh doubt (dawt), debt (det) cho n nhng th qui thai nh bury ('be:ri) th ta khng c cch no
khc l hc vt.

b. Trng m: ci ny mi gi l khoai. Sai v pht m th cn chm trc c, v ting Anh a phng
thng khng p ng c nhu cu ny, chng hn ting Anh-Latin, h c ch khc g ting Ty Ban
Nha. Nhng trng m th phi tuyt i ch . Bn c th pht m sai, thm ch sai tot, nhng nu ng
trng m th ngi nghe vn nm bt ngon. Chc l mi ngi u bit, ting Anh cng nh mt s ngn
ng phng Ty, ngi ta nghe trng m l chnh. Nu ni ng trng m, th d c ni nh, hay b nhiu
(nh nghe qua ng in thoi r, hay trong lc n o) ngi nghe vn c th on ra c mnh
nh ni.

Mt ln na, luyn trng m t phi luyn word by word, ngha l tng t mt, v vi 5000 t vng th
cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh. Tuy nhin quy tc trng m th c hm b lng hn.

Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:

No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Tuy nhin sau , khi phi pht m to, c th s t la, thm vo l s iu khin cho ch t no,
s dng vm cng minh mt cch hiu qu.
CHIN THUT TNG BC LUYN GING NI

1.Luyn t

Ci ln bt u t ci nh. Mun ni c cu chun th phi ni tng t chun. S c ngi ci khy, t
th lm sao m sai c. Va ri, c ngi bn ca ti i hc mt lp luyn ni, ng thy c cho c lp
c mt cu rt n gin, v d "ecological thinking and ecology protection should go together". Bn ti
chc mm lm sao mnh c th c sai mt cu ni n gin n nhng vy. Nhng nhm to, vn sai
nh thng, cc bn t pht hin ci sai d mc y l g nh.

Khi luyn t cn ch cc im sau:

a. Pht m: (hay m c, khng tnh trng m) ting Anh l th ting khng c quy tc, nhng ci khng
c quy tc ca n cng li c quy tc, m ci s quy tc y cng li chng c quy tc g. pht m ng
tng t, ta va phi hc thuc, va phi lin tc t duy pht hin v ghi nh cc quy tc n du ca n.
Mt vn t vng c coi l ti thiu dng l 5000, th cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh u,
ti ngh rng bn s phi nh ti thiu c ngn trng hp khc nhau. T nhng ci bt quy tc thng
thng nh doubt (dawt), debt (det) cho n nhng th qui thai nh bury ('be:ri) th ta khng c cch no
khc l hc vt.

b. Trng m: ci ny mi gi l khoai. Sai v pht m th cn chm trc c, v ting Anh a phng
thng khng p ng c nhu cu ny, chng hn ting Anh-Latin, h c ch khc g ting Ty Ban
Nha. Nhng trng m th phi tuyt i ch . Bn c th pht m sai, thm ch sai tot, nhng nu ng
trng m th ngi nghe vn nm bt ngon. Chc l mi ngi u bit, ting Anh cng nh mt s ngn
ng phng Ty, ngi ta nghe trng m l chnh. Nu ni ng trng m, th d c ni nh, hay b nhiu
(nh nghe qua ng in thoi r, hay trong lc n o) ngi nghe vn c th on ra c mnh
nh ni.

Mt ln na, luyn trng m t phi luyn word by word, ngha l tng t mt, v vi 5000 t vng th
cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh. Tuy nhin quy tc trng m th c hm b lng hn.

Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:

No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
CHIN THUT TNG BC LUYN GING NI
1.Luyn t

Ci ln bt u t ci nh. Mun ni c cu chun th phi ni tng t chun. S c ngi ci khy, t
th lm sao m sai c. Va ri, c ngi bn ca ti i hc mt lp luyn ni, ng thy c cho c lp
c mt cu rt n gin, v d "ecological thinking and ecology protection should go together". Bn ti
chc mm lm sao mnh c th c sai mt cu ni n gin n nhng vy. Nhng nhm to, vn sai
nh thng, cc bn t pht hin ci sai d mc y l g nh.

Khi luyn t cn ch cc im sau:

a. Pht m: (hay m c, khng tnh trng m) ting Anh l th ting khng c quy tc, nhng ci khng
c quy tc ca n cng li c quy tc, m ci s quy tc y cng li chng c quy tc g. pht m ng
tng t, ta va phi hc thuc, va phi lin tc t duy pht hin v ghi nh cc quy tc n du ca n.
Mt vn t vng c coi l ti thiu dng l 5000, th cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh u,
ti ngh rng bn s phi nh ti thiu c ngn trng hp khc nhau. T nhng ci bt quy tc thng
thng nh doubt (dawt), debt (det) cho n nhng th qui thai nh bury ('be:ri) th ta khng c cch no
khc l hc vt.

b. Trng m: ci ny mi gi l khoai. Sai v pht m th cn chm trc c, v ting Anh a phng
thng khng p ng c nhu cu ny, chng hn ting Anh-Latin, h c ch khc g ting Ty Ban
Nha. Nhng trng m th phi tuyt i ch . Bn c th pht m sai, thm ch sai tot, nhng nu ng
trng m th ngi nghe vn nm bt ngon. Chc l mi ngi u bit, ting Anh cng nh mt s ngn
ng phng Ty, ngi ta nghe trng m l chnh. Nu ni ng trng m, th d c ni nh, hay b nhiu
(nh nghe qua ng in thoi r, hay trong lc n o) ngi nghe vn c th on ra c mnh
nh ni.

Mt ln na, luyn trng m t phi luyn word by word, ngha l tng t mt, v vi 5000 t vng th
cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh. Tuy nhin quy tc trng m th c hm b lng hn.

Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:

No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
1.Luyn t
Ci ln bt u t ci nh. Mun ni c cu chun th phi ni tng t chun. S c ngi ci khy, t
th lm sao m sai c. Va ri, c ngi bn ca ti i hc mt lp luyn ni, ng thy c cho c lp
c mt cu rt n gin, v d "ecological thinking and ecology protection should go together". Bn ti
chc mm lm sao mnh c th c sai mt cu ni n gin n nhng vy. Nhng nhm to, vn sai
nh thng, cc bn t pht hin ci sai d mc y l g nh.

Khi luyn t cn ch cc im sau:

a. Pht m: (hay m c, khng tnh trng m) ting Anh l th ting khng c quy tc, nhng ci khng
c quy tc ca n cng li c quy tc, m ci s quy tc y cng li chng c quy tc g. pht m ng
tng t, ta va phi hc thuc, va phi lin tc t duy pht hin v ghi nh cc quy tc n du ca n.
Mt vn t vng c coi l ti thiu dng l 5000, th cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh u,
ti ngh rng bn s phi nh ti thiu c ngn trng hp khc nhau. T nhng ci bt quy tc thng
thng nh doubt (dawt), debt (det) cho n nhng th qui thai nh bury ('be:ri) th ta khng c cch no
khc l hc vt.

b. Trng m: ci ny mi gi l khoai. Sai v pht m th cn chm trc c, v ting Anh a phng
thng khng p ng c nhu cu ny, chng hn ting Anh-Latin, h c ch khc g ting Ty Ban
Nha. Nhng trng m th phi tuyt i ch . Bn c th pht m sai, thm ch sai tot, nhng nu ng
trng m th ngi nghe vn nm bt ngon. Chc l mi ngi u bit, ting Anh cng nh mt s ngn
ng phng Ty, ngi ta nghe trng m l chnh. Nu ni ng trng m, th d c ni nh, hay b nhiu
(nh nghe qua ng in thoi r, hay trong lc n o) ngi nghe vn c th on ra c mnh
nh ni.

Mt ln na, luyn trng m t phi luyn word by word, ngha l tng t mt, v vi 5000 t vng th
cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh. Tuy nhin quy tc trng m th c hm b lng hn.

Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:

No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Ci ln bt u t ci nh. Mun ni c cu chun th phi ni tng t chun. S c ngi ci khy, t
th lm sao m sai c. Va ri, c ngi bn ca ti i hc mt lp luyn ni, ng thy c cho c lp
c mt cu rt n gin, v d "ecological thinking and ecology protection should go together". Bn ti
chc mm lm sao mnh c th c sai mt cu ni n gin n nhng vy. Nhng nhm to, vn sai
nh thng, cc bn t pht hin ci sai d mc y l g nh.
Khi luyn t cn ch cc im sau:

a. Pht m: (hay m c, khng tnh trng m) ting Anh l th ting khng c quy tc, nhng ci khng
c quy tc ca n cng li c quy tc, m ci s quy tc y cng li chng c quy tc g. pht m ng
tng t, ta va phi hc thuc, va phi lin tc t duy pht hin v ghi nh cc quy tc n du ca n.
Mt vn t vng c coi l ti thiu dng l 5000, th cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh u,
ti ngh rng bn s phi nh ti thiu c ngn trng hp khc nhau. T nhng ci bt quy tc thng
thng nh doubt (dawt), debt (det) cho n nhng th qui thai nh bury ('be:ri) th ta khng c cch no
khc l hc vt.

b. Trng m: ci ny mi gi l khoai. Sai v pht m th cn chm trc c, v ting Anh a phng
thng khng p ng c nhu cu ny, chng hn ting Anh-Latin, h c ch khc g ting Ty Ban
Nha. Nhng trng m th phi tuyt i ch . Bn c th pht m sai, thm ch sai tot, nhng nu ng
trng m th ngi nghe vn nm bt ngon. Chc l mi ngi u bit, ting Anh cng nh mt s ngn
ng phng Ty, ngi ta nghe trng m l chnh. Nu ni ng trng m, th d c ni nh, hay b nhiu
(nh nghe qua ng in thoi r, hay trong lc n o) ngi nghe vn c th on ra c mnh
nh ni.

Mt ln na, luyn trng m t phi luyn word by word, ngha l tng t mt, v vi 5000 t vng th
cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh. Tuy nhin quy tc trng m th c hm b lng hn.

Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:

No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Khi luyn t cn ch cc im sau:
a. Pht m: (hay m c, khng tnh trng m) ting Anh l th ting khng c quy tc, nhng ci khng
c quy tc ca n cng li c quy tc, m ci s quy tc y cng li chng c quy tc g. pht m ng
tng t, ta va phi hc thuc, va phi lin tc t duy pht hin v ghi nh cc quy tc n du ca n.
Mt vn t vng c coi l ti thiu dng l 5000, th cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh u,
ti ngh rng bn s phi nh ti thiu c ngn trng hp khc nhau. T nhng ci bt quy tc thng
thng nh doubt (dawt), debt (det) cho n nhng th qui thai nh bury ('be:ri) th ta khng c cch no
khc l hc vt.

b. Trng m: ci ny mi gi l khoai. Sai v pht m th cn chm trc c, v ting Anh a phng
thng khng p ng c nhu cu ny, chng hn ting Anh-Latin, h c ch khc g ting Ty Ban
Nha. Nhng trng m th phi tuyt i ch . Bn c th pht m sai, thm ch sai tot, nhng nu ng
trng m th ngi nghe vn nm bt ngon. Chc l mi ngi u bit, ting Anh cng nh mt s ngn
ng phng Ty, ngi ta nghe trng m l chnh. Nu ni ng trng m, th d c ni nh, hay b nhiu
(nh nghe qua ng in thoi r, hay trong lc n o) ngi nghe vn c th on ra c mnh
nh ni.

Mt ln na, luyn trng m t phi luyn word by word, ngha l tng t mt, v vi 5000 t vng th
cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh. Tuy nhin quy tc trng m th c hm b lng hn.

Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:

No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
a. Pht m: (hay m c, khng tnh trng m) ting Anh l th ting khng c quy tc, nhng ci khng
c quy tc ca n cng li c quy tc, m ci s quy tc y cng li chng c quy tc g. pht m ng
tng t, ta va phi hc thuc, va phi lin tc t duy pht hin v ghi nh cc quy tc n du ca n.
Mt vn t vng c coi l ti thiu dng l 5000, th cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh u,
ti ngh rng bn s phi nh ti thiu c ngn trng hp khc nhau. T nhng ci bt quy tc thng
thng nh doubt (dawt), debt (det) cho n nhng th qui thai nh bury ('be:ri) th ta khng c cch no
khc l hc vt.
b. Trng m: ci ny mi gi l khoai. Sai v pht m th cn chm trc c, v ting Anh a phng
thng khng p ng c nhu cu ny, chng hn ting Anh-Latin, h c ch khc g ting Ty Ban
Nha. Nhng trng m th phi tuyt i ch . Bn c th pht m sai, thm ch sai tot, nhng nu ng
trng m th ngi nghe vn nm bt ngon. Chc l mi ngi u bit, ting Anh cng nh mt s ngn
ng phng Ty, ngi ta nghe trng m l chnh. Nu ni ng trng m, th d c ni nh, hay b nhiu
(nh nghe qua ng in thoi r, hay trong lc n o) ngi nghe vn c th on ra c mnh
nh ni.

Mt ln na, luyn trng m t phi luyn word by word, ngha l tng t mt, v vi 5000 t vng th
cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh. Tuy nhin quy tc trng m th c hm b lng hn.

Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:

No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
b. Trng m: ci ny mi gi l khoai. Sai v pht m th cn chm trc c, v ting Anh a phng
thng khng p ng c nhu cu ny, chng hn ting Anh-Latin, h c ch khc g ting Ty Ban
Nha. Nhng trng m th phi tuyt i ch . Bn c th pht m sai, thm ch sai tot, nhng nu ng
trng m th ngi nghe vn nm bt ngon. Chc l mi ngi u bit, ting Anh cng nh mt s ngn
ng phng Ty, ngi ta nghe trng m l chnh. Nu ni ng trng m, th d c ni nh, hay b nhiu
(nh nghe qua ng in thoi r, hay trong lc n o) ngi nghe vn c th on ra c mnh
nh ni.
Mt ln na, luyn trng m t phi luyn word by word, ngha l tng t mt, v vi 5000 t vng th
cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh. Tuy nhin quy tc trng m th c hm b lng hn.

Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:

No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Mt ln na, luyn trng m t phi luyn word by word, ngha l tng t mt, v vi 5000 t vng th
cng vic ca cc bn khng phi l nh. Tuy nhin quy tc trng m th c hm b lng hn.
Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:

No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Theo ti, phi mt 3 thng ch rn luyn hng ngy, th bn mi c th thay mu, hay t ra hiu nh
c cch pht m cho ci vn t vng chc chn khng phi l nh ca cc bn.
Mt s li trng m v pht m thng gp:
No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:

a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
No hy bt tay vo kim tra vn t ni (speaking vocabulary) ca mnh xem. Hy kh kh bn mnh
cun t in, v check cch c ca mnh vi mt vi t ph thng, ri nhn vo phn phin m, xem cc
bn pht m v nhn trng m ng n c no. Cc bn pht hin ra ch d sai ca ci cu v d trn
kia cha? C rt nhiu im c th sai khi pht m v nhn trng m, nhng c nhng li c bn thng
mc nh sau:
a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t

Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
a. c nh nhau khi bin trng thi t
Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.

Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Mi ngi khi hc ni mt cch t pht thng c tnh t, danh t, ng t (hay bin th) vi cng
mt kiu cho n d (cha ni nhng ngi c c bn yu cn khng phn bit c u l tnh, danh,
ng). Nhng chng thng bin khc so vi nhau trong cch vit, v t , pht m ln trng m cng
khc nhau. Hy dng t in tra cc cp t sau k v trng m ln pht m: export(n)-export (v);
technology-technological; economy-economic; photograph-photography, conservation-conservative....
No cc bn thy mnh khng n cha. Nhng bn no m khng sai nhng t ny l cng l rt tt
ri, c c bn v pht m.
Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.

C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Bn no m sai nhiu, th phi rt ch trng, bn cm thy con ng ni chun (cha ni l hay)
cng khng h d dng, y l mt nguyn nhn c bn ti sao ngi Vit ni sai nhiu.
C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.

b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
C rt nhiu nguyn tc nh trng m cng nh pht m, ti khng mun ni ngay ra y, v cng mt
thi gian, nhng quan trng l ti mun cc bn t tm hiu trong qu trnh thay mu vn t ca mnh.
b. Thiu trng m ph

Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
b. Thiu trng m ph
Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).

c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Trong mt t di 3-4 m tit tr ln, thng c trn 1 trng m. Ngoi trng m chnh (biu din bi du
phy pha trn u, trc trng m) cn c trng m ph (biu din bi du phy pha di chn, trc
trng m). V d environmental (in,vairn'mentl). Cc bn cn phi c r c trng m ph ny, cn cc
m cn li c th nut i. Quy tc thng thng i vi trng m ph l lun ng cch trng m chnh
mt m (trc hoc sau).
c. Trng m nhn cha

Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
c. Trng m nhn cha
Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !

Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Cc bn t sai trng m t vn thng mc li ny. ni c hay, th trng m chnh cn phi c m
lng gp 2-2.5 ln m thng, v c di cng tng t, cn i vi trng m ph th cng phi 1.5-2
ln. Nhiu khi cc m khng phi trng m c th nut (c rt nh trong c hng), nhng phi nhn cc
trng m rt r, rt to v di (cha ni l cn phi luyn na). Tm li l phi !
Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.

***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Cn nhiu li na, cc bn c kin ng gp thm cho phong ph.
***

2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
***
2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)

Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
2. Luyn ng v cu (phrases and sentences)
Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Ngay t khi bt u thay mu vn t vng, bn c th bt u vo luyn ni cc ng v cu ngay. Ti gi
Ng, hay ng ni, y c ngha l cc cm t trong mt cu m khi ni cn phi ni lin tip. Ng ni
c th ging, c th khc vi Ng thng thng trong ng php. V vy, Ng y c th gi l nhp.
Trong mt cu c th phn ra nhiu ng. (Ch y l khi nim ca ring ti t ra tin gi, khng c
tnh kinh vin, quy tc trn thc t). V d mt cu ni thng thng nh nh sau:
Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)

Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to school right now.(3)
Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Nu cc bn phi c chm ri, th thng thng cc bn ch gim tc c i (nh kiu quay chm),
i vi tng t, tng t mt kiu:
Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.

Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want to go to
school right now.
Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:

Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Nhng trn thc t, ngi ta ch gim tc c cc t n i i cht, cn li c chm ri, ta nn
phn cu ra thnh cc ng c nhp ngn 2-4 t nh sau:
Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.

Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Being informed/ that the examination result/ is ready, I want /to go to school/ right now.
Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:

Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Sau khi phn on nh vy, vic c chm s ch yu c thc hin nh vic ngt ngh gia cc Ng.
V vy, mun c chm ri bao nhiu, ta ch vic ngh di tng ng by nhiu gia cc ng, ch
khng h phi c a ko di tng ch nh thng thng trong ting Vit. Cu trn s c ni chm ri
theo phong cch sau:
Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.

Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Being informed that the examination result is ready, I want ........to go to school
........right now.
Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.

Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Ti sao phi ngh, ni chung l ta c thi gian ngh s ni tip ci g (nh cc c thng dy un li
by ln trc khi ni). Cn trong tp ni, th n gin l ta c thi gian chun b cho vic ni tip cc
ng tip theo. Vic ngt ngh ny gip ta khoan thai, trnh hp tp, trnh vic b ni dn dp m vp vp,
kh khan. Cc bn c th xem, s thy ngay mnh ni chm kh d dng, v c v kh hay. H h, thc ra
nu cc bn nghe CNN, BBC, s thy cc chnh khch (Bill, Bush chng hn) u ni kh chm ri
theo phong cch ny. Cc ng ny thng ngt ngh rt hp l trong cu ni, c khi ngh kh lu mc d
tc trong mt ng cng khng chm hn bnh thng l my. Vic ngt ngh ny khin cu ni tr nn
c NG, c nhp.
Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.

Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Mt iu ch na trong cu v d trn, l ngoi ngt nhp, th cc trng m cng cn c nhn mnh v
DI hn cc m khc. Trong s cc trng m , li c cc trng m c nhn bt ln so vi cc trng
m khc. Ta gi l cc trng m cu. Trng m cu l trng m ca cc t quan trng a m tit hay
chnh l t quan trng n m tit.
Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:

Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Cu trn thng thng s phi ni nh sau:
Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)

Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Being info...rmed that the e..xamina....tion resu..lt is re....ady, I wa....nt ........to
g..o to scho....ol ........right no...w. ( di chm biu hin di tng i)
Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.

No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Trong cu trn, cc t quan trng l examin(a)tion, w(a)nt, sch(oo)l, n(ow), v n mang li thng tin chnh
cho cu. Vic chn trng m cu thc ra tu theo mi ngi ni v tu vo vn cnh m ta nn nhn vo
cc m tit khc nhau. Vic nhn trng m t v trng m cu , l mt yu t quan trng gip ta ni
khng b nh sng bn, khin tc trong mt ng cng gim ng k. y l iu m to thnh
ci gi l NG IU ni.
No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:

- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
No, gi l lc thc hnh, cc bn hy kim ngay mt trang ting Anh no m bn cho l ph hp v
cm sn cy bt ch. Trc ht c lt qua ri dng bt ch ngt nhp cu, ng thi gch chn cc trng
m cu. Sau l luyn c, vi cc yu cu sau:
- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.

Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
- Thong th ni chung
- To v r rng
- Nhn trng m t (1.5-2 ln di v to hn bnh thng)
- Nhn trng m cu (2-2.5 ln so vi bnh thng)
- Ngh gia cc ng (tu vo mi ngi, thng thng l khng di 1/3-1/2 giy)
- Dn dn nut cc m tit khng quan trng nh cc qun t (a, an, the); cc gii t (to, in, on, up tr
khi ta mun nhn mnh cc qun t ny); v cc m khng phi trng m trong t a m tit. K thut
nut m l c nh v lt nhanh, gn nh khng m thot ra khi cung hng.
Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).

Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Luyn ht (nht l nhng bi ht c li nhanh th loi Pop Rock) l mt cch rt tt luyn nut m, t
b tr cho luyn trng m (v khi cc m thng b nut th nhng m cn li s phi l trng m). Tuy
nhin, cng phi lu , khng nhng nhp iu ht khc vi nhp iu ni, m i khi cc m cn b thay
i so vi bnh thng ph hp vi bi ht (v d, cc qun t ng nh phi c lt th trong bi ht
thnh thong vn c nhn di p ng cc giai iu).
Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Tm li, ngi c ging ni hay s t to hp dn cho bn thn mnh, khin cho ngi nghe ch , yu
mn v thch c nghe mi.Trong giao tip hng ngy cng nh trong cng vic, ging ni hay s mang
li nhiu c hi v thnh cng cho ngi s hu n. V bn hon ton c th s hu mt ging ni hay
nu dnh thi gian c gng rn luyn.
Nu mt ngy no bn t nhin b mt ting, khan ting ging ni tr nn th rp ging nh
vt c th hy nhanh chng thc hin theo nhng mo nh di y tm li s ti sng cho
ging ni.
Khn ting (hay gi l khn ting) l mt biu hin ri lon ging ni thng gp trn thc t. Thc cht
hin tng ny phn nh tnh trng tn thng thanh qun, t sng huyt, vim nhim thng thng cho
n cc ri lon thng xy ra hoc tn thng nng nh ung th thanh qun.
C nhiu nguyn nhn dn n tnh trng b khan ting, nhng nhng nguyn nhn ph bin nht thng
l ni nhiu, ni to, do h ly ca vim hng, do thi quen ht thuc l.
Ngoi ra nhng l do nh d ng, vim nhim dy thanh qun, cm, cm lnh, tro ngc thc qun, ri
lon hormone hay ri lon tuyn gip, ung th thanh qun cng gy nn tnh trng khan ting hay thm
ch l mt ting.
Tinh du: Thm vo cc nc m mt vi git tinh du khuynh dip v khuy u, dng ngm trong
10 pht.
C ci trng v gng: Ly 3 c ci trng v 1 nhnh gng ti ra sch, gi nhuyn vt ly nc ung
trong 2 ngy cng rt c hiu qu.
Tri l: Ly 2 qu l ra sch p ly nc v 20g v qut nc sc k. Ha ln nc l p vi nc
nu v qut, ung mi ngy 2-3 ln cng c tc dng khi b vim hng cp gy khan ting
Nc chanh nng: thc hin theo cng thc ny bn cn dng 1 qu chanh to, mui mt na tha
c ph. Dng a cm vo nm qu chanh nhng khng xuyn thng qua bn kia, cho mui vo qu
chanh qua l ri nng qu chanh trn than hng, khi v chanh chn vng u l c. Vt ly nc
chanh chia 4 ln ung trong ngy, cn ung lin 3 ngy.
Gi : Ly khong na kg gi , nghin nt, thm cht nc si vo gi , vt ly nc. Dng nc
ny tr khan ting trong khong thi gian u s rt hiu qu. Theo ng y th gi xanh c tnh hn,
sinh tn, nhun ph, thanh nhit nn rt thch hp iu tr vi mc ch mt ting, au hng, ho,
m, nght mi
C gng: Dng c gng gi un ly nc, cho thm cht ng cho d ung. Ngoi ra cng c th
dng 10 gam gng ti, 10 gam ta t cng thm 3 cy hnh, un sc ly nc ung. C hai cch ny u
c tc dng cha khan ting.
l do gng c tnh m v n ph, s l tr th c lc cho bn trong trng hp b khan ting. Bn
cnh , bn cng c th dng nc p gng pha thm nc ngui, cng khong 1 tha nc ct chanh v
mt cht mui ngm v nut dn dn.
Qut chng: Dng 2 tri qut xt thnh khoanh mng, dng thm 1 cc ng phn hoc mt ong em
chng cch thy khong 20 pht. Dng hn hp ny ngm v n.
Ch u xanh nguyn v: Nu ch u xanh nh bnh thng nhng nn dng loi u cn nguyn v tc
dng s tt hn. Ngoi ra c th ch bin mn canh u xanh va b dng v c tc dng gip bn
nhanh chng tm li ging ni trong tro tha no.
Mt ong: Mt ong nguyn cht c th pha ln vi chanh hoc dng n ngm trc tip cng s gip bn
nhanh chng ci thin tnh hnh.
Bt ngh: Dng 1 tha bt ngh pha cng 1 cc nc m, khuy u v ung.
Dm: Ha mt tha dm ru to cng mt na cc nc v dng ung mi gi.
Xng hi: xng hi bng nc m s gip bn c cm gic d chu hn, y cng l phng php dn
gian gip bn d dng iu tr chng khan ting hiu qu.
c bit cn ghi nh lun ung lng nc c th cn cng s gip bn rt ngn khong thi gian b
khan ting.
Lu :

Thng th tnh trng khan ting c th t khi tuy nhin nu th nhiu cch m tnh trng khan ting
vn khng thuyn gim sau 2 tun th tt nht bn nn n gp bc s c chun on. Trn thc t,
tnh trng khan ting ko di c th l biu hin thng gp ca chng ung th thanh qun.
Nu bn thng xuyn b khan ting th cn tm c nguyn nhn chnh xc l do u c bc s
thm khm v k n kp thi.

Nhng king k cn nh

Hn ch ung c cha caphein. V y l loi ung s khin cho cc dy thanh m nhy cm hn,
kh phc hi hn khin cho tnh trng khan ting cng ti t.

Ngoi ung c caphein th bn cng nn trnh xa nhng ung c cn v y chnh l k th s 1
ca chng khan ting.

Nu bn ang l nn nhn ca khi thuc l th nn tm cch cai thuc hay t nht l cng nn nhn
thuc mt vi ngy. Cng khng nn l ngi ht thuc gin tip, hy bng mi cch trnh xa khi
thuc l trong thi im ny.
V sinh mi trng sng sch s, hn ch ti a khi v bi.
Trnh nhng n cay nng
Cn v sinh khoang ming thng xuyn trnh tnh trng nhim khun bng cch sc ming nc mui
m, nh rng sau n. Hy dng nc mui sinh l xt vo c hng s c tc dng loi tr vi khun,
virus gy bnh hiu qu hn.
Nn bng mi cch king ni nhiu, ni to k c ni thm cng bt li cho bn trong thi im ny.
Lun gi m cho c th cng nh vng c dy thanh qun khng b tn thng thm na.
Trong khong thi gian b khan ting bn cn cch ly vi nhng ung lnh, mn n lnh, nn hn
ch ni nhiu v ni to, lun gi m cho vng c.