1. Are there previous conclusive reports on this reaction?

2. Did the adverse event occur after the suspected drug was
administered?
3. Did the adverse reaction improve when the drug was discontinued
or a specific antagonist was administered?
4. Did the adverse reaction reappear when the drug was
readministered?
5. Are there alternative causes (other than the drug) that could have
on their own caused the reaction?
. Did the reaction reappear when a place!o was given?
". #as the !lood detected in the !lood (or other fluids) in
concentrations $nown to !e to%ic?
&. #as the reaction more severe when the dose was increased or less
severe when the dose was decreased?
'. Did the patient have a similar reaction to the same or similar drugs
in any previous e%posure?
1(. #as the adverse event confirmed !) an) o!*ective evidence?
+1
+2
+1
+2
,1
,1
+1
+1
+1
+1
(
,1
(
,1
+2
+1
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
-otal
Table 2: -he .aran*o adverse drug reaction (AD/) pro!a!ilit) scale. -he .aran*o criteria classif) the
pro!a!ilit) that an adverse event is related to drug therap) !ased on a list of weighted 0uestions1 which
e%amine factors such as the temporal association of drug administration and event occurrence1
alternative causes for the event1 drug levels1 dose 2 response relationships and previous patient
e%perience with the medication. -he AD/ is assigned to a pro!a!ilit) categor) from the total score as
follows3 definite if the overall score is ' or greater1 probable for a score of 5,&1 possible for 1,4 and
doubtful if the score is (. -he .aran*o criteria do not ta$e into account drug,drug interactions. Drugs
are evaluated individuall) for causalit)1 and points deducted if another factor ma) have resulted in the
adverse event1 there!) wea$ening the causal association.