1. Display first 7 lines of the file mydate.

lalit@ubuntu:~$ head -10 mydir

total 1540
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lalit lalit 0 eb ! "":05 #at
drw$rw$r-$ " lalit lalit 40%& eb " 11:"% D1
drw$r-$r-$ 11 lalit lalit 40%& eb 15 1&:'" Des(top
drw$r-$r-$ " lalit lalit 40%& )an "7 11:'! Do#uments
drw$r-$r-$ " lalit lalit 40%& eb 7 15:0& Downloads
drw$r-$r-$ " lalit lalit 40%& )an "5 1':0% e*n+oi#e.php,files
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lalit lalit 11''7 )an "5 1':0% e*n+oi#e.php.html
drw$rw$r-$ " lalit lalit 40%& )an '1 1&:47 en-lish .ra#ti#es
-rw-r--r-- 1 lalit lalit !445 )an "4 04:1! e$amples.des(top
". /ele#t any 5 #apitals of states in *ndia and enter them in a file named #apitals1.
0hoose 5 more #apitals and enter them in a file named #apitals". 0hoose 5 more
#apitals and enter them in a file named #apitals'. 0on#atenate all ' files and
redire#t the output to a file named #apitals.
lalit@ubuntu:~$ tou#h #apital
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at #apital1 #apital" #apital' 1 #apital
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at #apital
hyderabad
shilon-
#handi-arh
pana2i
na-pur
bombay
dispur
patna
raipur
'. 0on#atenate the file #apitals' at the end of file #apitals.
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at #apital' 11 #apital
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at #apital
hyderabad
shilon-
#handi-arh
pana2i
na-pur
bombay
dispur
patna
raipur
dispur
patna
raipur
lalit@ubuntu:~$
4. 3i+e read and write permissions to all users for the file #apitals usin- relati+e method.
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #hmod a4r 4w #apital
lalit@ubuntu:~$ ls -l #apital
-rw-rw-rw- 1 lalit lalit %0 eb 15 "':5" #apital
lalit@ubuntu:~$
5. 3i+e read permissions only to the owner of the file #apitals usin- absolute method. 5pen the
file6 ma(e some #han-es and try to sa+e it. 7hat happens 8
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #hmod 400 #apital
lalit@ubuntu:~$ ls -l #apital
-r-------- 1 lalit lalit %0 eb 15 "':5" #apit
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at 11 #apital
bash: #apital: .ermission denied
&. 0reate an alias to #on#atenate the ' files #apitals16 #apitals"6 #apitals' and
redire#t the output to a file named #apitals. 9#ti+ate the alias and ma(e it run.
lalit@ubuntu:~$ alias #on#t:;#at #apital1 #apital" #apital';
lalit@ubuntu:~$ tou#h #apital
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #on#t 1 #apital
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at #apital
hyderabad
shilon-
#handi-arh
pana2i
na-pur
bombay
dispur
patna
raipur
7. ind out the line numbers on whi#h the strin- <date= e$ists in mydate.
lalit@ubuntu:~$ f-rep -n lalit file1
1 my name is lalit
!. .rint all lines of mydate e$#ept those that ha+e the letter <i= in them.
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at file1
lalit (ishor (umawat
na+een (umar sharma
om pra(esh (umawat
lalit@ubuntu:~$ f-rep -+ (ishor file1
na+een (umar sharma
om pra(esh (umawat
%. >ist the words of 4 letters from the file mydate.

10. >ist 5 states in north east *ndia in a file mystates. >ist their #orrespondin- #apitals
in a file my#apitals. ?se the paste #ommand to 2oin the " files.
lalit@ubuntu:~$ paste #apital1 #apital" 1 #apital
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at #apital
hyderabad pana2i
shilon-na-pur
#handi-arh bombay
lalit@ubuntu:~$
11. ?se the #ut #ommand to print the 1st and 'rd #olumns of the @et#@passwd file for all students in
this #lass.
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #ut -d ; ; -f"64 file"
name lalit
belon- Aa2asthan
name name
1". 0ount the number of people lo--ed in and also trap the users in a file usin- the tee
#ommand.
lalit@ubuntu:~$ who B tee file" B w# -l
"
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at file"
lalit pts@" "01'-0"-15 1":"' C:0D
lalit pts@' "01'-0"-15 14:4% C:0D
1'. 0on+ert the #ontents of file mystates into upper#ase.
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at myfile
i am pursin- m#a from +it #olle-e pune
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at myfile B tr Ea-FE E9-GE
* 9H .?A/*I3 H09 A5H J*K 05>>L3L .?IL
14. /ort the file names from #urrent dire#tory i-node number wise.
lalit@ubuntu:~$ sort -A +itfile
file'
epps
file"
file1
file1~
fil1
tee
apps
#amp
file1.t$t
file".t$t
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at +itfile
file".t$t
file1.t$t
file1
file1~
tee
file"
file'
fil1
#amp
epps
apps
lalit@ubuntu:~$
15. Kry to open the file named myfile and redire#t the error messa-e into the file named errorfile.
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at file'" "1 errorfile
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at errorfile
#at: file'": Io su#h file or dire#tory
1&. 0reate a file named #al#.t$t #ontainin- some arithmati# e$pressions. Aedire#t file #al#.t$t as an
input to do #al#ulations and store the result in the file named result.t$t.
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at file1.t$t B b# 1 file".t$t
lalit@ubuntu:~$ #at file".t$t
1'
lalit@ubuntu:~$