- Hiwatari Jun & T.

V - On tap Toan thi lp 10 (beta) - 1 -

1) Phn! tr"nh# a$
%
& b$ & ' ( 0 ( a) 0 ) O
- Phng trnh O co 2 nghiem phan biet 0 >
- Phng trnh O co 2 nghiem trai dau
0
0 P
>

'
<

- Phng trnh O co 2 nghiem cung dau

0
0 P

'
>

- Phng trnh O co 2 nghiem cung dng

0
0
0
P
S

>
'

>

- Phng trnh O co 2 nghiem cung am

0
0
0
P
S

>
'

<

- Phng trnh O co 2 nghiem oi nhau

0
0
0
P
S

<
'

V du: Cho phng trnh: 2x

2
5x m + 3 = 0 O
a. Tm ieu ien e! phng trnh O co 2 nghiem trai dau"
2 2
4 ( 5) 4.2( 3) 25 8 24 1 8 b ac m m m + + +
- #ia$ %$ phng trnh co 2 nghiem &
'
( &
2
- Theo )nh *+ ,iet( ta co"
1 2
1 2
5
2, 5
2
3
2
b
S x x
a
c m
P x x
a
+
+

- Phng trnh O co 2 nghiem trai dau

{ {
1 1 8 0
0 8 1
3 3
8
0 3 0 0
3
2
m
m m
m m
P m
m
+ >
> > >
> +
< + < <
>


' '


- ,a- m>. th phng trnh O co 2 nghiem trai dau.
b. Tm ieu ien e! phng trnh O co 2 nghiem cung am"
- Phng trnh O co 2 nghiem cung am
1 8 0 0
3 0 0
2, 5 0( ) 0
m
m P
sai S
+
+ > >
< <


' '


- ,a- hong co gia tr) m e! phng trnh co 2 nghiem cung am.
%) He phn! tr"nh#

'

a$&b*('
a+$&b+$('+
- /e phng trnh co nghiem du- nhat
' '
a b
a b

- /e phng trnh 0o nghiem
' ' '
a b c
a b c
- /e phng trnh co 0o %o
nghiem
' ' '
a b c
a b c

,) Ha-n! .a/n! th'

2 2 2
( ) 2 a b a ab b + + +
C
2 2 2
( ) 2 a b a ab b +
C
3 3 3 2 2
( ) 3 3 a b a b a b ab + + + +
C
3 3 3 2 2
( ) 3 3 a b a b a b ab +
C
2 2
( )( ) a b a b a b +

2 2 2 2
( ) 2 ( ) 2 a b a b ab a b ab + + +
C
3 3 2 2
( )( ) a b a b a ab b + +

3 3 2 2
( )( ) a b a b a ab b + + +
- Hiwatari Jun & T.V - On tap Toan thi lp 10 (beta) - % -

2 2 2 2
( ) 2 2 2 a b c a b c ab ac bc + + + + + + + 1
2 2 2 2
( ) 2 2 2 a b c a b c ab ac bc + + + +
0) T1 2o3 l4n! !ia'#
sin
oi
hu-en
cos
e
hu-en
oi
tag1
e
e
cotag1
oi
5un
!
0
o
16
o
,0
o
06
o
70
o
86
o
90
o
106
o
1%0
o
1,6
o
160
o
:in 2
6 2
4

1
2
2
2
3
2
6 2
4
+
'
6 2
4
+ 3
2
2
2
1
2
5o2 '
6 2
4
+ 3
2
2
2
1
2
6 2
4

2
6 2
4
+
1
2

2
2

3
2

Ta! 2 2 3
3
3
' 3 2 3 +
+ P
2 3 3 -'
3
3

5ota
!
+ P
1 2 3
2

3 '
3
3
2 3 2 2 3 +
3
3
-' 3
6) ;ia<i phn! tr"nh# a$
%
& b$ & ' ( 0 ( a 2 )
a. Dung !o"ng th#! ngh$%&m" 3Phng trnh a&
2
4 b& 4 c 1 2 0i a 0a c trai dau
th *uon co 2 nghiem phan biet5
;
2 2
2
b b
a a
b
a

2
' 2
' 2
1b - 6ac
7 82 Phng trnh co 2 nghiem phan biet" & &
7 12 Phng trnh co nghiem ep" & &
7 92 Phng trnh 0o nghiem
'. Dung !o"ng th#! ngh$%&m thu gon
2 ' ' ; '
2
' '
' ;
'
'
b
b b b
b b
a a
b
a

+

2
' 2
' 2
1b: -ac
7 82 Phng trnh co 2 nghiem phan biet" & &
7 12 Phng trnh co nghiem ep" & &
7 92 Phng trnh 0o nghiem
!. (nh nha)m ngh$%&m !u*a phng trnh 'a&! 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
*
0
0
b
S x x
a
x x
c
P x x
a
c
a b c x x
a
c
a b c x x
a

+ +
+
;iet <c" 0a
7 ;iet <c" 1'0a
7 ;iet <c" 1-'0a
5a' ta= !ia' .a>' biet 1
7) Ta= !ia' ?uo@n! 'a@n
-
ABC 0uong can ta<i =
> =; 1 =? 1 a
- =;? ong da<ng 0i =;/ ong da<ng 0i =?/
A
B 5
H
a
- Hiwatari Jun & T.V - On tap Toan thi lp 10 (beta) - , -
-
@ @ @
90
o
BAC AHC AHB
-
@ @ @ @
45
o
BAH ABH ACH CAH
-
2 2 BC AB AC
>
2 2 2 a HB HC AH
- =/ *a ng cao( ng trung tr<c( ng trung tu-en( tia phan giac cu$a
ABC
-
2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
BC BH CH BH AH CH AH
a BH CH AH
+ + +

-
2 2
.
2 2
ABC
AH BC AH AH
S
+

5hn! =inh =ot ta= !ia' ?uo@n! 'a@n#
@ @
@
@
2
2
2
2
2
2
45
45
o
o
ABC A
BC AB
BC AC
BC
AB
ABC A BC
AC
AB AC
ABC ABC
ABC
ACB

1

1

1


;
1

1
]
+uo"ngta$
+uo"ng !a"nta$
8) Ta= !ia' .eCu
- ABC eu> =; 1 =? 1 ;? 1 a
- =/ *a ng cao( ng trung tu-en( ng trung tr<c 0a tia phan giac
-
2
a
CH HB >
3
2
a
AH >
2
3
4
ABC
a
S
15hn! =inh =ot ta= !ia' .eCu#
@
@
@
60
60
60
o
o
o
ABC
ABC

1

;
1

1
]
!a"n
,-C
.%/u
,C-
C,-
D) E<a ta= !ia' .eCu
- ACH ABH 0a *a n$a tam giac eu
-
3 3
3 3
2 2
AB AC
AH BH CH
-
3
2 2 3
AB AC AH
CH BH -
2 3
2 2
3
AH
AB AC CH BH
15hn! =inh n<a ta= !ia' .eCu#
@ @ @
( , ) 60
2
3
2
o
AHC
ACH CAH
AHC
AH HC
AC
HC

1

1

;

1

1
]
+uo"ng
,0C
1a n*a tamg$a#! .%/u
=
; ?
/
a
- Hiwatari Jun & T.V - On tap Toan thi lp 10 (beta) - 0 -
9) ;o' ?aF .Fn! troFn
-
@
AOB
" goc $ tam chaAn
B
AB
-
@
ACB
" goc noi tiep chaAn
B
AB
-
@
EAB
" goc ta<o b$i tia tiep tu-en 0a da- cung chaAn
B
AB
-
@ @ @
1
2
ACB EAB AOB -
@ B C
( )
'
%/D#1 %/#-%E F
2
-
@ B B
( )
'
%=D#1 %=#-%E =
2
-
@ G G
( )
'
%HDI 1 %=mI -%=nI
2
-
@ @ B B
( )
1
2
JKC BKG JC BG % 4%
10) Got ?aFi 'o@n! th' 'aCn nh (H"nh ho4')#
- Jo dai ng tron" 5(% H
- Jo dai cung tron"

o
o
Hn
l (
1D0
- Dien t+ch hnh tron"
%
:( H
- Dien t+ch hnh Kua<t tron"

% o
o
H n
:(
,70
Ghi chu: 4

" %o pi
4 ?" o dai ng tron 4 L" ban +nh
4 *" o dai cung 4 n
o
" %o o o cu$a cung
---------------------------------------------------------
- Dien t+ch &ung Kuanh hnh tru<"

$I
: (% H.h
- Dien t+ch toan phan hnh tru<"

%
tp
: (% H.h&% H
- The! t+ch hnh tru<"
%
V(:h& H h
- Dien t+ch &ung Kuanh hnh non "

$I
: ( Hl
- Dien t+ch toan phan hnh non"

%
tp
: ( Hl& H
- The! t+ch hnh non"
%
1
V( H h
,
1Ghi chu: 4 h" chieu cao 4 *" ng %inh
---------------------------------------------------------
11) Got ?aFi 'o@n! th' 'aCn nh (Ja4i 2o3)#
1. ,i
0; 0 a b
th a&b a& b Mdau N1O &a$- ra

a 1 2 hoaPc b 1 2Q
%. ,i
0 a b
th a-b a- b Mdau N1O &a$- ra

a 1 2 hoaPc b 1 2Q
,. 5o@n! th' 'aKn ph' ta4p#
% %
A& A -B A- A -B
AL B ( L
% %
trong o = 8 2
> ; 8 2 > =
2
8 ;
0. Ba3t .a/n! th' 5o@-2i# 0i
a 0Mb 0
th"
a&b
ab
%
Mdau N1O &a$- ra

a 1
bQ
,ai da<ng hac cu$a bat aRng thc ?o-%i"
- Dang !o# !h#a da2u !a3n: 1 a &b ab 0i 0; 0 a b
1
1 %

a &b a&b

0i a 8 2 > b 8 2
- Dang 4ho"ng !o# da2u !a3n
1
%
(a&b)
ab
%

1
%
(a&b) 0ab
1
% %
a &b %ab
6.
A 0(hayB 0)
A B
A = B


'

7.
2
B 0
A B
A = B


'

8.
B 0
| A| = B
A = B hay A = -B

'

=
;
?
S
D
H
I
#
/
F
E
m
n
T
- Hiwatari Jun & T.V - On tap Toan thi lp 10 (beta) - 6 -
D.
2 2 2 2
X A X Ahay X A ; X A A X A
9. ( ) ( ) ( ) f x g x h x +
- JaPt ieu ien"
( ) 0, ( ) 0, ( ) 0 f x g x h x
- ?hu-e!n 0e M2 0e pha$i hong amQ
- ;nh phng 2 0e
10.
2 2
; Min X m m Max m X m t t t t
11. 5$%/u 4$%&n .%) '$%)u th#! !o# ngh6a: - ;ie!u thc co da<ng
A
co
nghUa hi
- 0 A - ;ieu thc co da<ng
A
B
co nghUa hi 0 B - ;ie!u thc co da<ng
A
B
co
nghUa hi 0 B >
1%) JFn! tha/n! 2on! 2on! ?aF .Fn! tha/n! 'aNt nhau. He 2o3
!o' 'u<a .Fn! tha/n!
1. ?ho 2 ng thaRng" (O
1
) # * ( a$ & b (a 0) 0a (O
%
) # * ( aP$ & bP (aP 0)
1 (O
1
) QQ (O
%
) ' ; ' a a b b
1 (O
1
) (O
%
) ' ; ' a a b b
1 (O
1
) 'aNt (O
%
) ' a a
1 (O
1
) (O
%
) . ' 1 a a
%. Thi a 8 2 th goac ta<o b$i ng thaRng * ( a$ & b 0a tru<c S& *a goc nho<n.
Thi a 9 2 th goac ta<o b$i ng thaRng * ( a$ & b 0a tru<c S& *a goc tu.
,. Veu (O
1
) 'aNt (O
%
) th hoanh o giao ie!m *a nghiem cu$a phng trnh a$ &
b ( aP$ & bP
0. #o<i

*a goc ta<o b$i ng thaRng * ( a$ & b 0i tru<c S&. Veu a R 0 th

(a tg
1,) 5a' Oa4n! phn! tr"nh .a>' biet#
1. Phn! tr"nh ba' ,# a$
,
& b$
%
& '$ & O ( 0 (a 0) 35
Veu biet ' nghiem & 1 &
2
th 35 <c a 0e phng trnh t+ch" M& W &
2
QMa&
2
4 m&
4 nQ 1 2
%. Phn! tr"nh he .o3i $n! ba' 0# a$
0
& b$
,
& '$
%
& b$ & a ( 0 (a 0) 35
a7 8hng pha#p g$a*$:
- Vhan &et & 1 2 hong pha$i *a nghiem cu$a 35.
- ?hia 2 0e cu$a 35 cho &
2
0a nhom cac %o ha<ng cach eu 2 %o ha<ng au
0a cuoi thanh tng nhom <c phng trnh 35
- JaPt a!n phu<
1
t x
x
+ 35
2 2
2
1
2 t x
x
+ roi the 0ao phng trnh 35.
- #ia$i phng trnh trung gian na- e! tm t( the gia tr) cu$a t 0ao 35 e! tm
&
'7 V%/ ngh$%&m 9o2 !u*a phng trnh:
: Veu &
2
*a nghiem cu$a phng trnh 35 th
0
1
x
cuXng *a nghiem cu$a no
!7 8hng trnh h%& .o2$ x#ng 'a&! 5: a$
6
& b$
0
& '$
,
& '$
%
& b$ & a ( 0 (a 0)
35
co nghiem & 1 -' M0 to!ng he %o bac chaYn baZng to!ng cac he %o bac *e$Q.
, the 35 co the! bien o!i thanh"
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 3 2
1 0 x ax b a x c a b x b a x a 1 + + + + + +
]
,. Phn! tr"nh hoCi Iu*# a$
0
& b$
,
& '$
%
& =$ & n ( 0 (a 0) trong o
2
n m
a b
_

,
35
a7 8hng pha#p g$a*$:
- Vhan &et & 1 2 hong pha$i *a nghiem cu$a 35.
- Hiwatari Jun & T.V - On tap Toan thi lp 10 (beta) - 7 -
- ?hia 2 0e cu$a 35 cho &
2
0a nhom cac %o ha<ng cach eu 2 %o ha<ng au
0a cuoi thanh tng nhom <c phng trnh 35
- JaPt a!n phu<
m
t x
bx
+ 35
2
2 2
2 2
2m m
t x
b b x
+ roi the 0ao phng trnh
35.
- #ia$i phng trnh trung gian na- e! tm t( the gia tr) cu$a t 0ao 35 e!
tm &
0. Phn! tr"nh tron! .o a & O ( b & '# ($ & a)($ & b)($ & ')($ & O) ( = 35
8hng pha#p g$a*$:
- ,iet *a<i 35 di da<ng" 3M& 4 aQM& 4 dQ53M& 4 bQM& 4 cQ5 W m 1 2 35
- Thai trie!n cac t+ch 0a aPt a!n phu< t *a ' trong 2 bie!u thc 0a hai trie!n.
- The a!n phu< 0ao phng trnh 35( gia$i phng trnh( tm gia tr) cu$a t.
- The gia tr) cu$a t 0ao bie!u thc cha a!n phu< e! tm &.
6. Phn! tr"nh tron! .o# ($ & a)
0
& ($ & b)
0
( '
8hng pha#p g$a*$:
- Joi 0i phng trnh da<ng na-( ta aPt a!n phu< *a trung bnh cong cu$a M& 4
aQ 0a M& 4 bQ"
- JaPt
2
a b
t x
+
+
10) Got 2o3 SieCn th' ' ba<n ?eC h"nh ho4' 'a3p %#
1. Trun! tu*e3n 'u<a ta= !ia'# Trung tu-en
cu$a tam giac *a oa<n thaRng( mot au noi
[nh cu$a tam giac( au ia noi trung tu-en
cu$a ca<nh oi dien 0i [nh tren.
(a !o# tam g$a#! ,-C !o# ,; 1a trung tu<%2n

;C =
;-
- ,=p dung +ao tam g$a#! +uo"ng:
4 5>nh 1 thua&n: Trong ' tam giac 0uong( ng trung tu-en ng 0i ca<nh
hu-en th baZng n$a ca<nh hu-en
4 5>nh 1 .a*o: Trong ' tam giac( ng trung tu-en baZng n$a ca<nh oi dien
th tam giac o 0uong.
%. Tia pha@n !ia'#
- Tia phan giac cu$a goc *a tia naZm trong goc a- 0a chia goc o ra *am hai
goc baZng nhau.
- Phan giac cu$a tam giac *a mot oan
thaRng co mot au *a [nh cu$a tam
giac( au ia *a giao ie!m cu$a tia \an
giac &uat phat t [nh en ca<nh oi
dien.
- Trong mot tam giac( ng phan giac
trong 0a ngoai chia ca<nh oi dien thanh
nhXng oa<n t[ *e0i hai ca<nh e.
(a !o# tam g$a#! ,-C !o# ,; 1a .ng pha"n
g$a#!
BM AB
CM AC

,. JFn! trun! tr4'#
: 5>nh ngh6a: Jng thaRng trung tr<c cu$a ' oa<n thaRng *a
ng thaRng 0uong goc 0i oa<n o ta<i trung ie!m.
- 5>nh 1 ?: Veu ie!m ] naZ tren ng trung tr<c cu$a
oa<n thaRng =; *a ng trung tr<c cu$a oa<n =;.
- 5>nh 1 2:Tap h<p nhXng ie!m cach eu 2 au cu$a
oa<n thaRng =; *a ng thaRng trung tr<c cu$a oa<n =;
(a !o# tam g$a#! ,-C !o# ,0 +a 1a .ng !ao@ +a 1a trung tu<%2n@ +a 1a pha"n g$a#!@ +a
1a trung tr! Atam g$a#! ,-C !a"n7
A
B 5
G
A
B 5
G
A
5
B

H
- Hiwatari Jun & T.V - On tap Toan thi lp 10 (beta) - 8 -
0. JFn! trun! b"nh 'u<a ta= !ia'#
- 5>nh 1 ?: Trong mot tam giac( neu mot
ng thaRng i Kua trung ie!m cu$a mot
ca<nh 0a %ong %ong 0i canh th hai th no i
Kua trung ie!m cu$a ca<nh th ba.
- 5>nh 1 2: Joa<n thaRng noi trung ie!m hai
ca<nh cu$a tam giac th %ong %ong 0i ca<nh th
ba 0a baZng n$a ca<nh th ba.
- 5>nh 1 3: Joa<n thaRng noi trung ie!m hai
ca<nh tam giac go<i *a ng trung bnh cu$a
tam giac.
6. TTnh 'ha3t ba .Fn! trun! tu*e3n#
- Trong mot tam giac( ba ng trung tu-en caAt nhau ta<i mot ie!m. Jie!m o
go<i *a tro<ng tam cu$a tam giac.
- Thoa$ng cach t [nh en tro<ng tam baZng
2
3
trung tu-en o.
7. TTnh 'ha3t .Fn! pha@n !ia'#
a7 (nh !ha2t 3 .ng pha"n g$a#!:
5>nh 1 +%/ pha"n g$a#! !u*a go#!:
4 5>nh 1 thua&n: -a2t c ie!m nao naZm tren ng \an giac cu$a mot goc
th cuXng cach eu 2 ca<nh goc o.
4 5>nh 1 .a*o: Jie!m nao cach eu 2 ca<nh cu$a mot goc th naZm tren \an
giac cu$a goc o.
'7 (nh !ha2t 3 pha"n g$a#! !u*a tam g$a#!: trong
mot tam giac( . ng \an giac caAt nhau
ta<i ' ie!m. Jie!m o cach eu . ca<nh cu$a
tam giac. Jie!m o go<i *a tam ng tron
noi tiep trong tam giac.
!7 (nh !ha2t 2 .ng pha"n g$a#! !u*a ? tam
g$a#!: trong mot tam giac( ng \an giac
trong 0a ngoai chia ca<nh oi dien thanh
nhXng oa<n t[ *e 0i 2 ca<nh e.
8. TTnh 'ha3t , .Fn! trun! tr4'
'u<a ta= !ia'# Trong mot tam giac(
ba ng trung tr<c caAt nhau ta<i mot
ie!m. Jie!m o cach eu ba [nh
cu$a tam giac. Jie!m o go<i *a tam
ng tron ngoa<i tiep tam giac.
D. TTnh 'ha3t , .Fn! 'ao 'u<a ta= !ia'#
Trong mot tam giac( ba ng cao
caAt nhau ta<i mot mot ie!m.
Jie!m o go<i *a$tr<c tam cu$a
tam giac.
A
B 5
E G
- Hiwatari Jun & T.V - On tap Toan thi lp 10 (beta) - D -
9. Tie@n .eC U5VWT# T mot ie!m naZm ngoai mot ng thaRng ta ch[ 0eX
<c mot ng thaRng du- nhat %ong %ong 0i ng thaRng cho trc.
+ 0%& Bua* ?: cho hai ng thaRng %ong %ong( neu mot ng thaRng nao caAt
ng thaRng th nhat th no cuXng caAt ng thaRng th hai.
+ 0%& Bua* 2: neu hai ng thaRng cung %ong %ong 0i ng thaRng th ba
th chung %ong %ong 0i nhau.
10. JXnh lT Thale2 tron! ta= !ia'#
4 5>nh 1 ?: ng thaRng %ong %ong 0i mot ca<nh cu$a tam giac chaAn tren hai
ca<nh ia thanh nhXng oa<n tng ng t[ *e.
4 5>nh 1 2: neu mot ng thaRng chaAn hai ca<nh mot tam giac thanh nhXng
oa<n tng ng t[ *e th no %ong %ong 0i ca<nh th ba.
40%& Bua*: ng thaRng %ong %ong 0i mot ca<nh cu$a tam giac( h<p 0i hai
ca<nh ia %eX ta<o thanh mot tam giac mi co nhXng ca<nh t[ *e 0i nhXng
ca<nh cu$a tam giac aX cho.
The YnO