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MC LC
I. GII THIU CHUNG ... 2
II. KHI QUT CHUNG V CCH XNG H TRONG
TING ANH V TING VIT 2
III. I CHIU CCH XNG H TRONG TING ANH V
TING VIT .. 3
IV. KT LUN 20













2

I. G tu cu.

N
5



M




II. Khi qut chu v cc x tro t A v t Vt.
N K " nh
() (h) ;


N

N
(
) ( )

H N
I W Y

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III. i chiu cc x tro tng Anh v ting Vit.
3.1. S t x .
3.1.1. i t x (persoa proou).
( i t ) i t t (
nh) g i thoi (ngi th ) g i hay s vt th ba (ngi th
) i t m s t v s nhi
Trong h th ng Anh, cc loi i t ( )
c s ng l ng Vit, i ting vit. Ting Vit
c s i t
a. .
: English addressing forms
English personal pronoun

Singular Plural
S
u
b
j
e
c
t

O
b
j
e
c
t

R
e
f
l
e
x
i
v
e


P
o
s
s
e
s
s
i
v
e


S
u
b
j
e
c
t

O
b
j
e
c
t

R
e
f
l
e
x
i
v
e


P
o
s
s
e
s
s
i
v
e


First I Me Myself Mine We Us Ourselves Ours
Second You You Yourself Yours You You Yourselves Yours
Third
Masculine He Him Himself His
They Them Themselves Theirs Feminine She Her Herself Hers
Neuter It It Itself Its

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: English-Vietnamese addressing forms
t N/s/ cu tro t Vt
I Ngi th nht
We Ngi th nht

chng tao, chng mnh, mnh, ta
You Ngi th hai
, cc

He Ngi th ba


She Ngi th ba
It Ngi th ba N
They Ngi th ba Chng n, h
T 2 bng trn c th thy, trong ting Vit c nhiu hnh th i t
m ting Anh khng c:
- N i t chung cho ngi th nht s t v s nhi
c s t bng cch thm "Chng", "Mnh" v "ta:
c s dng trong c hai hnh thc s t v s .
- ngi th hai, trong ting anh ch s d you cho c s t v s nhiu, trong
ng vit c t 4 i t s t ( ) 3
( ).
- 3 4 3 //
/ /

7
b.
- i t nh t Nam c th tit l cc mi quan h x hi gi i ni
c gi, s khc bit v tu c i v i
nghe.
5

: Hi every body, I am Lan Cho mi ngi, Ti l Lan.
: E M : Mum, can I have some sweets? (M
con ?).
- I-t
L)

I
I.
- i t h : ( ) ( )
tip ting Vit, vic s dng cp t h ; ; h
mang hai sc thi: hoc thn mt, sung s, hoc t v ng, khinh mit. Hnh
th c kia c ph i so vi nghi thc giao tip
hin nay. Chng h c Cch m i t
c thi khng lch s, sung s, ch h i thp km trong x hi
m n, ho i a v x h a ch y t a mnh.
V d 1: Trong tc (1937) nh Ng
b N D: N D: no, my tao ni c
?.
V d 2: Trong hai thn : Tao my !
ny my c qu ?
N v 1 thi coi
x cao N Q dn D th v 2
dng quan thn hai nhn tham gia
giao M khc, ni thm
thi thn hon giao th thi thn
.
6

I .
c. .
X


.
:
C ti She loves me
Ti yu I love her

.
I
.
3.1.2. P tr cc.
K cch, trong cch



VD: T

cch 3
:

7


Ch cch
(Nominative case)
Tn cch
(Accusative case)
S hu cch
(Possessive case)
i t
I, you, she, he, we,
they
Me, you, her,
him, us, them

Tnh t s hu
My, your, her,
his, our, their
i t s hu


Mine, yours,


thi khc nhau.
: I gave him a gift.
He was given a gift by me.


cch.
N
( ) N


D:




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3.2. V a tro x .
3.2.1. T t tc.
T thn tc (Kinship terms): t nht gia ting Anh v Vit v
ting Anh t ch thn tc h c s d xung h do vy khng c
ch Anh - Vi t v t ra cho dch Vit
Anh.
c h t c cc ngn ng u c h th i t
(ngi h nht - hai - h). Ting Vit c: ti, t, tao, ta, mnh, my,
bay, chng ti, chng my, chng ta, chng mnh, bn mnh, bn my
c m i t ngi th hai hon ton trung tnh you trong ting Anh. Chnh v
th, bt c mt t t t c th, trong mt hon
cnh giao tip tht s thn tnh v thn m n sung s, ch rt t khi th
hi c m lch s, trang trng hay tn knh. Ngay c i t ngi th nht
ti u nhng cu thc nh nh trong cch dng.
Tu theo hon cnh giao tip m ting Vi

Ki : X ng danh t thn tc.
Ki : X ng t ch chc nghip.
Ki 3: X i t hoc t
Ki 4: X ng tn ring.
N u 1 v c la ch dng nhi .
C th :
Kiu 1: Cc danh t thn tc chia thnh 3 nhm.
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Nhm th nht gm nhng t mang sc thi : m, b, ta, ba, m

Nhm th hai gm cc t: anh, ch, em, ch, bc, cha, m
Nhm th ba gm cc cm t ch quan h thn tc: anh h, ch h, ng ni, b ni,
ch du, em r
: nhng t thuc nhm th nht v nhm th 2 m
; 3 khng th N nht khng
miu t quan h, nhm th 3 ch miu t quan h, nhm th 2 va
miu t v
Kiu 2: Cc t ch chc nghip : tch, c, th ng,
th b, c l, ng c ()
Kiu 3: Cc t chuyn dng xng h ( n t ting Hn): ngi, trm, lo,
th , hi , ngu huynh, hin huynh, b nhn, ti h, cc ti, tc h,

Kiu 4: Cc t tn ring dng xng h.
Trong cc t a ting Vit c nhng t chuyn ngi v kim ngi.
Nhng t chuyn ngi l nhng t ch dng cho mt ngi: ti, t, my kim
ngi l t c cho nhiu ngi. Ngi ta dng cho ngi th nht v ngi th
hai, mnh y. Tn ring, danh t thn tc i b phn l kim c ba ngi, ngi
th nht, ngi th hai, v ngi th i nghe khi ln ngi th hai
v ngi th ba, ting Vi ng kt hp cc t thn tc nhm th hai vi t ch xut
y, ta (ng y, ng ta ) dng cho ngi th ba.


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3.2.2. Tn ring (proper name).
a.

K
J J
i
b, m i ln tu ng iu ny vn khng ph hp vi n
t Nam, nu khng cn thn i dch c th gy nhng hiu
nhm tai hi.
- Chng ta cn phi k n nh ng h c bi
gio:
V d: - M i xut gia cn t tu i c th no gi m i ti gia
nhiu tui (trn 60 chng hn) bng con ng v t
con i i xut gia?
- X H ch mt s tc
phm, v d: khi no th dch l trm khi no dch l qu nhn?
b.
N

M




V d: 1. L !
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2. N !
N

N
:
H E
N ?

nhau -
:

K
tr


M N


;

--em,
-hn

:
em-
( )
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:


K
M
c
N

H L L
H H ( L)
3.2.3. Cc v p.
a. c v ngh nghip trong ting Anh.
- H th ng anh khng ging trong ting vit, h s dng cp
t I v You n vi nhau bt chp chc v ngh nghip hay
v tr x hi.
- Trong ting anh, khi gii thi ng kt hp
ngh nghip c c Doctor David, Professor
Math
- ng kinh doanh hay k c trong cuc s ng, n
c th bn hy s dng nhng chc danh mang tnh trang
tr thu ht s ch , bn c th ni Excuse e, Sr hoc Pardo e,
Madam/Maa. K : Heo
Sr hoc Good or, Mada/Maa.
- Cc t Yes, Sr! hoc Yes, Mada/Maa! c s
dng vi hm chm bim. V d: a tr ni vi cha mnh rng hy gp t
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bo li, i cha c th tr li l Yes, sr! i. B nghe
thy mt b m ni vi con gi ca mnh l No Mada/Maa i vi yu
cu v l ca c b.
+ t s ch :
1. Sir ( dng cho nam gii, ng thnh, mi la tui)
M ( gi ng thnh Bc M)
3. Madam (n gi ng thnh)
4. Mr + h (bt c nam gii no)
5. Mrs + h (i ph n t hn, s dng tn nh chng)
6. Ms + h (i ph n t hn; ng s dng trong kinh
doanh)
7. Miss + h (i ph n t hn)
8. Dr + h (dng v : D + )
9. Professor + h ( ng hc)
Khi bn l u tin vi i khc, hy s d
trng: Mr hoc Ms + tn. Nu bn khng bit tn c i nhn, hy s dng
cc ch Sir hoc Madam Ni nhn c
th tn v k b nhng b n c th s dng theo
i nhn vit. Nu h i bn bng tn v k tn bng tn,
b vy.
- n c nhng mi quan h thn thit vi nh c gi
l Sir, Madam, Mr ho M ( i ni ti i
i b) Ni ny c th s cho php b
khng cn gi theo cch trang trng
b. c v ngh nghip trong ting Vit.
+ Trong h th ng vi i
chnh chc v ngh nghip ca h Co bc s, Co c,
Cho gio s. H , n t t hp chc danh
ngh nghip v Bc s Mai ty Vit, trng phng
Ty
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+ ng trong ting anh, khi vi
giao tip v i c chc v ngh nghip hay v tr x h
t s knh tr ng dng cc t ta , k ta
, k b
+ N ca gii cng chc Vit Nam ch quanh qun
trong vi ba t th trng, cn b, ng ch th nay vi s pht trin ca x
hi v s giao thoa v ngn ng, c th ni th gii ngn ng
ht. Nhiu lung ngn ng thm nhp vo th gii cng s
mang theo c c to nn mt th gii giao tip nhiu mu sc.
H c th n ln. Nh i snh ngo ai - ju
moa - toa, a - n.
Ngn ng . H gi nhau bng nhng t
h m - con, u con, chng - v. Chng hn: U i, cho con tm ng t tin; V i,
i n tra vi chng i ng giao tip thn
thin g g t s cng ty Vit lm dng ngn ng
su . Cc cng ty
chuyn nghi c ngoi rt phn cm vi kiu giao tip thn tc
ny.
Ngoi nh n h cn gi nhau bng bit danh nick name. Cch
gi ny c th lm cho quan h ng nghip tr nn thn thit, cuc ni chuyn tr
nn vui v, ci m d c bit vi nhng bit danh qu
: K.k, H. , M.u, c d s khin i nghe phn
c i din m n cm vi mnh trong giao tip. Nhn
vin cng s nn trnh lm mt s t tin v th di ng nghip nu s dng
nick name.
C kin cho rng cng s ch i v i c chc
v ng tn v i cng trang l K u gia
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i v i ln tu i t ng/ b ti i
c ki: nn th hi n, giy t ho i din cho mt t
chc, hoc hi h c s i nhiu la tui. M i
o cn tr y, h t thit phi
ti v i nhiu tu i quyn. L i c i d nhiu tui
sung s g my hay ch em c. Trong
ng hp ny nhn vin ln tui c th ti v gi th ng b
ha x h vn nn theo truyn th ng tui tc, thm nin,
chc v php v lch s i th i mi phi bit
n kh i bi i. Cch
(
th v phi tn tr ) X ng bi m bo
c trong giao ti i Vit.
3.2.4. i t ch nh (demonstrative pronoun).
i t ch nh l nhng t nh v cc s vt trong quan h v i ni
i nghe hoc trong quan h gia cc s vt v i
t : ch quan h khng gian ny, cn phi c vt quy
chiu.
Vt quy chiu c th l ( i nghe ) hoc m i
( ) cp ti.
V d: K : i t t: ci
g N :
i t u th s vt v tr khc vi s v
c ni ti.
trong Ting vit, ti i t ch ng.
i t : (ny, y,), that (kia, ), these (nhng ci ny) v those
(nhng ci kia).
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This v these ch i hoc vt g i ni hoc vit. That v those ch
vt ho i xa.
V d: ( t kin hay )
These are my friends ( Nh i ny l bn ca ti )
I like that book ( ti thch quyn sch kia)
Trong ting Vit, v tr ca cc s vt c th nh r hoc khng xc
i t y, ny, kia, y, , y v c ch v nh v
ch v nh. V d, chng ta c th so snh cc cu sau:
- Ti i trn con ng ny. >< ng ny mt cht.
- Ch thch ci o ny hay ci kia? >< Ch y hi chuyn h i ny n
i kia.
Ri i t ch ch v nh. V d: nh, ch lm
ht vic ny vic n.
Trong ting Anh th khng vy, khi thm nh i t ch nh, v tr ca s
v nh.
C m u th v x g ngn ng ting Vi c
bit trong mi quan h thn m N : y, ng ny
v g i nghe l: ng y, y. c s d c lp ( khng
cn theo sau mt danh t) c i nghe.
V d:
Boy: Cho ng ny hi ng y mt cu nh?
Girl: D, ng y c h .
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Cn trong ti i t ch c s d ch
i theo sau mt danh t. V d:
V d:
Marry: Do you know that person over there?
Peter: yes, he is my brother in law.
3.3. N u k dc cc x t t A sa t Vt.
H
K [] "
"

D g h,

:
a. X .
b.
c. Q
d. Gia
e. X
:

-



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- N :

g

: H ( w
ourselves).
:
I v ( )
- : I Y
- : N :
:

I : :


: :

: (ou
)


: M:

19

:

: ( )
( ) M

:

Y

:

: - I I f I (N
)
- I ( D
)
- Nw I w (
)

:
You should take a rest.You look tired.
N :



20





N

:


(z)
( )
IV. Kt u.

N