Ingles II 2010-12

INDEX
UNIT I

Past tense of Verb To-Be 16

Yes/No Questions; in the past
Where?, When? 25

Information Questions using interrogative words:
What? How.? 28

Regular verbs in the past 39

What could you do? 49

Modal Auxiliary verb Could 52

UNIT II

Countable and uncountable nouns 70

Units of Measure 74

Is there? Are there? 78

MUCH? MANY? Or ANY? 80

Plurals 85

There are four types of pronouns
Object pronouns after a verb:
Object pronouns after prepositions: 88

How have you changed? 94

Word Order in Questions 104

15

16
Tema: Past tense of Verb To-Be:
Sentences in the past for verb To-Be
Questions in the past for verb To-Be

Unidad: 1

Objetivo conceptual: El alumno identificar las reglas gramaticales
relacionadas con el Verbo To-Be (pasado).

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno utilizar lo aprendido del Verbo To-Be
(pasado) para comunicarse de manera limitada.

Objetivo Actitudinal: El alumno reconocer la importancia de expresarse
con propiedad en un idioma extranjero
El alumno se comportar con respeto y tolerancia
con sus pares y con el profesor

Competencias genricas:
Escucha, interpreta y emite mensajes pertinentes en distintos contextos
mediante la utilizacin de medios, cdigos y herramientas apropiados.
Expresa ideas y conceptos mediante representaciones lingsticas,
matemticas o graficas.
Se comunica en una segunda lengua en situaciones cotidianas
Desarrolla innovaciones y propone soluciones a problemas mediante mtodos
establecidos.
Sigue instrucciones y procedimientos de manera reflexiva
comprendiendo como cada uno de sus pasos contribuye al alcance de un
objetivo.
Participa y colabora de manera efectiva en equipos diversos.
Aporta puntos de vista con apertura y considera los de otras personas de
manera reflexiva.

Competencias disciplinares:
Localiza y ordena distintos datos, ideas y conceptos expresados o
implcitos en un texto en una lengua extranjera.
Expresa ideas y conceptos en forma escrita de manera clara, coherente
y creativa enana legua extranjera.
Capta la idea general y posible desarrollo de un mensaje en una lengua
extranjera, recurriendo a conocimientos previos, pistas no verbales,
patrones de entonacin y contexto cultural.
Comprende las ideas generales expresadas en un texto en una lengua
extranjera.
Elabora textos simples en una lengua extranjera para diversos propsitos
comunicativos.

17

Singular Plural
First person I was we were
Second
person
you
were
you were

Third person
he was
she was
it was

they
were
Were you born in
Sonora?

Yes, I was! I was born
in Hermosillo

Questions with the past be
YES / NO QUESTI ONS

I was silly
Were you born in Sonora?
Yes, I was.
No, I wasnt.
Was your sister born in 1995?
Yes, She was
No, she wasnt
Were your parents born in Hermosillo?
No, they werent.
Yes, they were.

Negation and Questions work the same way as the present tense

I
busy.

You
nice.

She was little

He tall.

She beautiful.

It here.

We there.

You both tall.

They interesting

They were not on at the
fair before school.
18

17

Build your own sentences in Past using the images as reference:

New
book
It was a new book
Paul / happy / last week
We (not) / in class/ on Monday

My sister & I / home / yesterday

The baby / not sleepy / last night

Apples/ in the kitchen / this morning
Jack / student / last semester

Bill / scared / last night

Athens / the capital / Greece

19

To form a question, if in the sentence the verb is a form of be,
simply switch the positions of the subject and verb.

A. Are you from around here?
B: Yes, I am.

A: Are you married?
B: No, I am not.

CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES, MAKE THEM A QUESTION.

John is a doctor. I s J ohn a doctor?

I am from California.

His name is Rafael.

That was fun.

To form a question, if in the sentence the verb is not a form
of be, the process is little bit different.
Add Do / Does to the beginning of the sentence.

Auxiliary + Subject + Verb + Predicate

Verb

Do they buy a new car?
Does she wear an old dress?
20

CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES TO YES/ NO QUESTIONS
USING:
Do or Does AS AN AUXILI ARY

He plays in goal.

Does he play in goal?

She drinks coffee every day
He teaches physics

I like eggs.
They live in teepees.

Mary has an expensive car

The Olympic champion comes from Tijuana

Some insects carry serious diseases

This wine costs a lot of money.
21
2
3
4
5

Change the following sentences to questions using the INFORMATION WORD
given

1. Wool comes from sheep. (where)

. This car has two doors. (how many)
. Raccoons come out at night. (when)

. She takes two sugars in her coffee. (how many)
. A fox lives in our garden. (what)
22
CHOOSE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB

Charles Darwin

1) Charles Darwin [was/were] born on February 12, 1809
2) He_ [was/were] a British naturalist who became famous for his theories
of evolution and natural selection.
3) In South America, Darwin found that fossils of extinct animals [was/ were]
similar to modern species.
4) Many people [was/were] strongly opposed to the idea of evolution because
it conflicted with their religious beliefs.

5) Throughout his life, Darwin [was/were] a reserved, thorough, hard working
student.

Albert Einstein

6) When Albert Einstein [was/were] young, his parents worried about him.
/*
7) Einstein's parents [was/were] concerned that Albert was "slow."
8) Albert [was/were] a terrible student who didn't want to attend classes
regularly and take exams.
9) Einstein's best-known work, the theory of relativity, [was/were] published
in 1905.
10) Unfortunately, the theory of relativity [was/were] used to create the
atomic bomb.
23
Where were you born?

Jess: Where were you born, Kanagui?
Kanagui: I was born in Japan.
Jess: Oh really? So you werent born in the U.S.
Kanagui: No, I came here in 1985.
Jesus: Hmmm. You were very young.
Kanagui: Yes, I was 12 years old.
Jesus: Was San Francisco the first place you lived in?
Kanagui: No, I lived in Los Angeles, first.
Jesus: Your English is really good!
Kanagui: Thanks!

Sentences with the past of be

I was born in Japan I wasnt born in Mexico

You were very young You werent very old

He was 12 years old He wasnt in school
We were born the same year We werent born in the same place
They were in Japan in 1984 They werent in the U.S. in 1984

Kanagui is talking about his family. Choose the correct form of the verb
be.
My family and I (were/was) all born in Japan.
We (were/werent) born in the U.S., I
(was/were) born in Okinawa, and my brother
(was/were) in Nagasaki, but the rest of my family
(was/ were) born in capital, Kyoto.

Where were you born?
I was born in Japan

When was she born?
She was born in 1990

What city were they born in?
They were born in Kyoto.
24
.
Answer the questions and then practice the following dialogues, you decide
to answer negative or affirmative. Check on previous box for possible
answers

a) Were you born in this city?
b)

a) Where were you born?
b)

a) Was your mother born in
Mexico?
b)

a) Were you and your family
in this city last year?
b)

a) Were you at this school last
year?
b)

a) Where your father
born?
b)

a) When you born?

b) I born in

How to read years
1906 Nineteen oh six
1817 Eighteen seventeen
1982 Nineteen eighty-two
2006 Two thousand and six
25
Tema: Yes/no Questions, in the past
Where? When?
Yes/No Questions; in the past
Interrogative words

Unidad: 1

Objetivo conceptual: El alumno describir las reglas gramaticales
relacionadas con preguntas utilizando el Verbo To-Be
(pasado).

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno aplicar lo aprendido del Verbo To-Be
(pasado) para hacer preguntas interrogativas y/o
responder a ellas de manera simple.

El alumno se comportar con respeto y tolerancia con
sus pares y con el profesor

establecidos.
Sigue instrucciones y procedimientos de manera reflexiva comprendiendo
como cada uno de sus pasos contribuye al alcance de un objetivo.
manera reflexiva.

Expresa ideas y conceptos en forma escrita de manera clara, coherente y
creativa enana legua extranjera.
extranjera.
comunicativos.

26

INTERROGATIVE WORDS:

WHEN to ask about TIME
WHERE to ask about PLACE
WHY to ask about REASON (the answer is because)

With the following pictures and clues, take as example the previous
exercise, and build your own questions and answer them, give the precise
year and town.

Grandmother / born / ? (Ask for the place)
Where was your grandmother born?

She was born in Hermosillo

Father / a baseball player/ ? (Ask for the time) When
was your father a baseball player?
He was a baseball player in 1972

You / in swimming classes /? / (Ask for the time)

Your brother / this school / (Ask for the time)

Julia Roberts / born /? (Ask for the place)
27
Salma Hayek / famous /? (Ask for the time)

Luis Miguel / good singer/? (Ask for the time)

Gael Garcia / born /? (Ask for the time)

Shakira / in school / 2006 / was / ?

WRITING SECTION: Develop your own story; talk about your past and your family
history. Write and share with others, explain: Where is your family coming from?
Where were they some years ago? You can invent it! If you want.
28
Tema: Information Questions using interrogative words:
What? How.?
Did, was and were
Unidad: 1

Objetivo conceptual: El alumno identificar las reglas y orden gramaticales
para formar preguntas informativas y/o responder a
ellas.

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno practicar lo aprendido para hacer
preguntas informativas y/o responder a ellas.


establecidos.
manera reflexiva.

extranjera.
comunicativos.
Conoce aspectos elementales sobre el origen y desarrollo de una lengua
extranjera, y los interpreta en el marco de la diversidad lingstica y
cultural.

29

Salma Hayek

Actress
Sept. 2, 1966
Mexico
Unscramble the questions about your school days.

1. was your of school how first day ?

2. your was teacher who favorite ?

3. favorite class what your was ?

4. your best was who friend?

5. old how were you ?

Shakira
Singer
Colombia
Feb. 2, 1977

Roberto Clemente
Baseball player
1934-1972
Puerto Rico

Write the information of the famous people you see. Study the example.

1. Bruce Lee was an actor. He was born in 1940 in the U.S.A.

2.

3.

4.
30

EXERCISE Verb BE IN THE PAST TENSE.

Read the following sentences and choose the correct form of the verb BE in the past
form.
1. The taxes on his car (was, were) high.

2. His driver's license (was, were) old.

3. A red and yellow bird (was, were) sitting in that tree.

4. One of my friends (was, were) sick.

5. Half of the food (was, were) in the refrigerator.

6. Half of the candy bars (was, were) on the bag.

7. December and January (was, were) usually the coldest months of the year.

8. There (was, were) a problem with my car.

9. July and August (was, were) usually the coldest months of the year.

10. Almost two-thirds of Baja California (was, were) desert.

11. There (was, were) a lot of dogs on the street.

12. Fifty minutes (was, were) the time for the exam.

13. Chapter One and Chapter Two (was, were) easy.

14. The children's new toy (was, were) already broken.

15. Many books (was, were) required for that course.

16. Where (were/was) the knives and forks?

17. What time (was/were) your flight?

18. The traffic (was/were) really bad yesterday.

19. How often (was/were) you late last month?

20. There (was/were) a lot of people here.

21. My son and my daughter (was/were) students last year.

22. I (was/were) satisfied with my score.

23. I (was/were) really hungry. And you?

24. Your mother looks very young. How old (was/were) she?

25. (was/were) you thirsty?

26. My apartment had only one bedroom. It (was/were) very small.

27. There (was/were) my homework.

28. My friend Maria (was/were) always late. It's a bad habit.
31
Where did you grow up?

Minerva: Where did you grow up Christopher?
Christopher: I grew up in Rome
Minerva: When did you come to San Diego?
Christopher: I came here in 2004
Minerva: Where did you learn English?
Christopher: I went to school in New York for 3 years.
Minerva: Well your English is very good now! Did
you go to college in New York?
Christopher: Yes, I went to college in New York.
Minerva: What was your major in college?
Christopher: My major was accounting.
Minerva: Thats interesting!

Grammar Point

-Wh Questions with: Did, Was, Were
Where did you grow up? I grew up in Rome.
Where did you learn English? I learnt in New York.
When did you come to San Diego? I came in 2004.

How old were you? I was twenty years old.
What was your major degree? It was accounting
Where was your mother born? She was born in Sonora

Ronaldinho
Ronaldinho de Assis Moreira was born on March 21
st
., 1980 in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
He helped Brazil win the World under-17 Championship in Egypt. During the competition he was scouted
by local club Gremio and signed his first professional contract. In 1999, after hitting 15 goals in 14
games for Gremio, Ronaldinho won his first senior cup for Brazil against Latvia.
In 2001 he left Gremio for Paris St. Germain (PSG) but was unable to make his debut because of
contract rows, until 3 months later when FIFA stepped in.
In 2002 Ronaldinho was voted Frances player of the month for January after hitting 6 goals in 7 games
for PSG. Ronaldinho won the World Cup with Brazil, playing in the final against Germany.
In the 2003 summer transfer market he rejected Manchester United to join Spanish side Barcelona for
21m.
In December he was named best player in the world for 2004 by FIFA beating Shevchenko and Henry to
first place.
In November 2005 Ronaldinho was named 2005 European Footballer of the Year - the award known as
the Ballon D'Or is voted for by European football journalists selected by French magazine France Football.

32

Write down the correct question for each answer on the right column

March 21 1980

Porto Alegre, Brazil.

In 1999

In the summer of 2003

In November 2004

Adrin Fernndez
Birth date: April 20, 1965
Birth place: Mexico City
He started racing Motocross at age of 8. He was very young when his love for racing started,
watching his uncles. He was 16 years old when he participated on his first race 24 hours of
Mexico
In 1983, he was champion of Vee Marlboro Formula and he also participated on the 1600 Ford
Formula and was named The Rocky of the year. In 1987, he left Mexico and went to Europe to
continue as pilot, he also run on the Benelux Championship. On 1990 he went back to Mexico to
participate on Formula 3 and he was sub- champion.
On 1994, he was the only pilot for Galles Racing International team, and competed on 16 events.
He was among the ten tops best pilots

Get together in teams of two, read the information about Adrian Fernandez, now lets
pretend that one of you is Adrian, and the other one is a journalist who is interviewing
Adrian. The journalist has to think about the questions he can ask, and Adrian has to
read and pay attention on his information so he can answer correctly. This is an oral
practice, so dont write any thing: SPEAK!!!

VOCABULARY

Major Degree: main course or subject of a student at college or university.
Learnt: Past tense of Learn- To get knowledge, irregular verb, sometimes is conjugated as learned
Scouted: To observe and evaluate (a talented person), as for possible hiring.
Award: Something awarded or granted, as for merit.
Journalist (s) a person collecting, writing, editing, and presenting of news or news articles in newspapers and
magazines and in radio and television

33

Tema: Irregular verbs in the past

Unidad: 1

Objetivo conceptual: EL alumno conocer algunos verbos irregulares en
pasado

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno enlistar y clasificar los verbos irregulares
en pasado para construr oraciones y expresar hechos
o acciones en el pasado.


establecidos.
manera reflexiva.
Asume una actitud constructiva, congruente con los conocimientos y
habilidades con los que cuenta dentro de distintos equipos de trabajo.

Localiza y ordena distintos datos, ideas y conceptos expresados o implcitos
en un texto.
creativa.
extranjera, recurriendo a conocimientos previos, pistas no verbales, patrones
de entonacin y contexto cultural.
extranjera.
comunicativos.

34

Eat Ate Sing Sang
Feel Felt Steal Stole
Fly Flew Sit Sat
Get Get Speak Spoke
Give Gave Swim Swam
Go Went Take Took
Have Had Teach Taught
Know Knew Think Thought
Leave Left Understand Understood
Make Made Wear Wore
Meet Met Write Wrote
Do Did See Saw
Drive Drove Sell Sold

IRREGULAR VERBS

I went
shopping
last month.
PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST
Be am/is/are Was / were Pay Paid
Bring Brought Read Read
Become Became Ride Rode
Buy Bought Run Ran
Come Came Say Said

He stole the
bank last
night

Last summer, they
swam in the lake

35

Tema: Questions about the past

Unidad: 2

Objetivo conceptual: EL estudiante responder preguntas sobre el pasado
y relatar hechos del pasado

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno utilizar el auxiliar did para construr
oraciones en pasado y responder preguntas sobre el
pasado.


matemticas o graficas
Desarrolla innovaciones y propone soluciones a problemas mediante
mtodos establecidos.
Desarrolla innovaciones y propone soluciones a problemas a partir de metodos
establecidos.
manera reflexiva.

Localiza y ordena distintos datos, ideas y conceptos expresados o implcitos
en un texto.
creativa.
extranjera, recurriendo a conocimientos previos, pistas no verbales, patrones
de entonacin y contexto cultural.
extranjera.
comunicativos.

36

Yes/No QUESTIONS IN PAST

Did he steal the bank last night? No, he didnt.
Did you go shopping last month? Yes, I did.
Did they swim in the lake last summer? No, they didnt

INFORMATION QUESTION IN THE PAST

What did you do last night? I went shopping.
Where did you swim last summer? We swam in the lake
What did you eat last weekend? I ate pizza and spaghetti

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS IN PAST

A man didnt steal the bank last night.
I didnt go shopping last month.

37

See the previous examples above, and with the following pictures, compose a
new sentence in the past, give a short answer accordingly. Check the verb
form on the chart

Angela / Fly / Europe / last winter
Did Angela fly to Europe last winter?
Yes, she did.

Dulce and Cesar / eat / tamales / last Christmas

Jose / Sell / cars / last year

Carey / meet /customers /last year

Alfonso / Give / paint / last week
38

Observe the following pictures, use the verb given, and additional
instructions to write a question and answer.

Teach (interrogative sentence)
What did Teresa do last semester?
She taught math last semester.

Cook (interrogative sentence)

Give (Negative statement)

Read (Interrogative statement)

TIME EXPRESSION IN THE PAST
Yesterday Three weeks ago
Last year In 2002
From March to June For a long time
For 6 weeks In the 1980s
In the last century In the past

39

Tema: Regular verbs in the past

Unidad: 2

Objetivo conceptual: EL estudiante reconocer algunos verbos regulares
en pasado, asi como algunas reglas de escritura
spellingy pronunciacin.

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno utilizar los verbos regulares en pasado
para construr oraciones y expresar hechos o
acciones en el pasado.


mediante la utilizacion de medios, codigos y herramientas apropiados.
Expresa ideas y conceptos mediante representaciones linguisticas,
matematicas o graficas.
Desarrolla innovaciones y propone soluciones a problemas mediante metodos
establecidos.
comprendidendo como cada uno de sus pasos contribuye al alcance de
un objetivo.
Participa y colabora de manera efectyiva en equipos diversos.
manera reflexiva.

implicitos en un texto.
creativa.
patrones de entonacion y contexto cultural.
extranjera.
Elabora textos simples en una lengua extranjera para diversos propositos
comunicativos.

40

Study - Studied
Cry - Cried
Carry - Carried
Try - Tried

REGULAR VERBS

There are two types of verbs in English, I RREGULAR: because they change
dramatically their spelling when are used in past tense. There are no rules to the past.
REGULAR: They are call regular because they keep its form when used in the past
tense. However, they follow some the rules to move into past:

1 To most ver bs add: ed at t he end.
Dance - Danced
Cook - Cooked
Paint - Painted
2 Ver bs endi ng i n Y pr eceded by a consonant ,
change y f or i and add ed

3 Ver bs endi ng i n y pr eceded by a vowel , keep t he
y and add ed
Play - played
Pray - prayed

4 Ver bs endi ng i n a consonant - vowel - consonant ,
doubl e t he l ast consonant and add ed
Omit - omitted
Skip - skipped
Plan - planned
Cancel - cancelled

PRONUNCI ATI ON NOTE:
Verbs ending
p k s ch sh f x h - pronounce ED as T
Stopped, asked, kissed, watched, washed, laughed, fixed

l v n m r b v g w y z and vowel
sounds (diphthongs) pronounce ED as D
Agreed, cancelled, moved, explained, welcomed, believed,
snowed, studied, realized

T or D pronounce ED as ID Example: Needed, accepted,
afforded, attended, arrested, collected, contacted,
41

What did you do?

1 catch
catched
catch
Caught
2 get
got
get
gought
3 fit
fit
fought
fat
4 set
set
sat
sought
5 drink
drink
drank
drunk
6 have
From the following verb list, underline the

correct past form of the Irregular verb

On the following story, fill in the blanks using the verb
in parenthesis on its past tense form.

Shakira is perhaps the most recognizable voice in Latin pop/rock
today. When she (be) only 8, she (write) her
first song called "Tus gafas oscuras",
(dedicate) to her father. Two years later, she (win) local and
national talent contests. By 13, she had signed a record deal with
Sony in Colombia, which (result) in her first album, "Magia
(Magic)", a compilation of songs she (write)
between 8 and 13 years old.
She was chosen to represent her country at the Festival OTI in

Spain. But she was under the minimum age of 16 and she

(can not) participate. So instead, Shakira

(record) a second album of original material,
have
hove

"Peligro (Danger)". At that point, Shakira

(take) a
had
7 bring
brought
bringed
brang
8 cut
cutted
caught
cut
9 find
found
fand
find
10 teach
teach
teached
taught
break from music, _(graduate) from high school

(at age 15-really) and (come) back with a
vengeance. The result was the phenomenally successful "Pies
Descalzos" which (sell) more than four million
copies worldwide.
In addition, this determined girl (want) to try her
luck as an actress in "Oasis", a soap opera, but she
(think) music was her life instead of TV. Then
she (begin) to be very popular: the
Colombian government (designate) Shakira as
an official goodwill ambassador.

Goodwill: friendly helpful feelings towards other.

Caught, got, fit, set, drank had, brought, cut, found, taught
42

1 show
showied
Showed
showwed
2 permit
permitied
permited
permitted
3 bathe
bathied
bathed
bathhed
4 rely
relied
relyed
rellyed
5 play
plaied
played
playyed
6 fail
failied
failed
failled
7 trap
trapied
traped
trapped
8 marry
married
marryed
marryyed
9 share
sharied
shared
sharred
10 depart
departied
departed
departted
From the following verb list, underline the
correct past form of the Regular verb there
is only one correct answer

My grandfather had a very exciting life. When he was young, he

(live) on a farm in the Mexico. His parents

(raise) cattle, and he (look) after the cows. When he
was eighteen, he went to university, where he (study)
Medicine. He also (play) the guitar in a mariachi band.
When the war started, he (go) to join the Army
Force, but he (end) ship. In the Atlantic, a German
torpedo (rip) a hole in the side of his ship, and the ship
sank. Only five men (escape). They
(sail) in a lifeboat back to Spain. Then he met my grandmother,

and they (marry) after only three weeks. He says
now that he (want) to marry her very quickly in
case he (die) in the war.

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/pasted2.htm

Speaking: Talking about Past Actions
1. Tell your partner or classmates what you did yesterday. Remember to use
past tense.
2. Ask your partner what he/she did last weekend. Respond with related
questions.
1. What did you do last Friday?
2. Where did you go?
3. When did you get back?
4. Where did you stay?
5. What did Mario have for lunch?
6. What did he eat last night?
7. How was the weather?
3. Tell about a childhood experience.
http://www.eslgold.com/speaking/ss_talking_past_actions.html

Showed, permitted, bathed, relied, played, failed, married, shared, departed

43

What did you do?

WORD ORDER: Place the following broken
sentences in order

1. ever yt hi ng / They / at e / !
They at e ever yt hi ng!
2. checked/ I / bags/ hol i day/ we/ bef or e/ l ef t / on t he/ .

3. Chi cago/ l ast / She/ t o/ week/ . / went

4. l at e/ I / t o/ ar r i ved/ yest er day/ cl ass/ . /

5. f r ee/ t i me/ What / do/ your / l ast / i n/ you/ weekend/ di d/ ?

6. bank/ f at her / My/ i n a/ year / l ast / . / wor ked

7. car / I / mom s/ a/ dr ove/ my

8. yest er day/ He/ wat ch/ eveni ng/ . / di dn t / TV
44

9. musi c/ hear / you/ t he/ ?/ Di d

10. l ast / you/ i n/ Di d/ I t al y/ year / ?/ l i ve

11. t abl e/ Wer e/ on/ books/ t he/ ?/ t he

12. of f i ce/ t he/ open/ post / ?/ i s

Read the following sentences, choose a verb from
the box on the right and fill in the blanks.

Yesterday evening, I to the cinema.

I a very good film.
It Robert de Niro.
It about a gangster.

He another gangster in the head and killed him.

After the cinema, I went to MacDonald's and a hamburger.

I also a milk shake.

I to bed quite late.

However, I up early this morning.

I dressed quickly
and at work early.
I the first person to arrive at work.
It very calm and peaceful.
I me eyes for a few moments.
And back to sleep again!
When everybody else .
I up.

My boss very happy with me.
Because he I had worked all night!
He me a bonus.

WENT (3),
SAW (1), WAS
(4), THOUGHT
(1) WOKE (1),
ARRIVED (2),
GOT (2),
CLOSED (1),
HAD (2),
STARTED (1),
SHOOT (1)
45

Change t he ver bs i n t he f ol l owi ng sent ences i nt o
past t ense. Usi ng your not ebook, r ewr i t e t he sent ences changi ng
t he ver b t o t he past t ense f or m.

1. Yesterday, I go to the restaurant with a client.

2. We drive around the parking lot for 20 minutes looking a parking space.

3. When we arrive at the restaurant, the place is full.

4. The waitress asks us if we have reservations.

5. I say, "No, my secretary forgets to make them."

6. The waitress tells us to come back in two hours.

7. My client and I walk back to the car.

8. Then we see a small grocery store.

9. We stop in the grocery store and buy some sandwiches.

10. That is better than waiting for two hours.

11. Last night, Samantha have pizza for supper.

12. My pet lizard die last month.

13. Yesterday I spend two hours cleaning my living room.

14. This morning, Jack eats two bowls of cereal.

15. What happen to your leg?

46

Answer t he f ol l owi ng quest i ons, wi t h YES, usi ng t he past
t ense of t he ver b.

1. Did Juan choose the black tie? _Yes, Juan chose the black tie._

2. Did Mary hang her coat in the closet?

3. Did the farmer feed his pigs?

4. Did Jorge write his father a letter?

5. Did you make that table?

6. Did the driver hear the policeman?

7. Did the driver see the policeman?

8. Did Susana pay for your dinner?

9. Did Pedro lose the ball game?

10. Did the student understand the question?
47

Puzzle

-------
| |
| |
| |
-------------------------
|2

|

|

|

|
| | | | |
| | | | |
-------------------------
|

|xxxxx|

|
| |xxxxx| |
| |xxxxx| |
-------------------------
|3

|

|

|

|
| | | | |
| | | | |
-------------------------------
|

|xxxxx|xxxxx|4

|
| |xxxxx|xxxxx| |
| |xxxxx|xxxxx| |
-------------------------
|

|xxxxx|xxxxx|

|
| |xxxxx|xxxxx| |
| |xxxxx|xxxxx| |
-------------------------------
|5

|

|

|

|

|
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
-------------------------------
| |
| |
| |
-------

ACROSS DOWN

2. Past of blow 1. Past of beat
3. Past of cost 2. Past of bring
5. Past of throw 4. Past of see

My grandfather had a very exciting life. When he was young, he (live) on a farm in the
country. His parents (raise) cattle, and he (look) after the cows. When he was
eighteen, he went to university, where he (study) Philosophy. He also (play) the
trumpet in a jazz band. When the war started, he (try) to join the Air Force, but he

(end) up in the Navy. In the Atlantic, a German torpedo (rip) a hole in the side of his
ship, and the ship sank. Only five men (escape). They (sail) in a lifeboat back to
England. Then he met my grandmother, and they (marry) after only three weeks. He says now
that he (want) to marry her very quickly in case he (die) in the war.

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/pasted2.htm
48

I WILL SURVIVE
By Gloria Gaynor

At first I afraid; I petrified,
Kept thinking I never live without you by my side,
But then I so many nights thinking how you me wrong,
And I strong, and learned how to get along.
So you're back, from outer space
I just in to find you here with that sad look upon your face,
I should have that stupid lock,
I should have you leave your key,
If I'd for just one second you'd be back to bother me,
Oh and now GO! Walk out the door! Just turn around now,
'Cause you're not welcome anymore!
Weren't you the one who to break me with goodbyes,
You think I'd crumble, You think I'd lay down and die?
No, not I, I will survive...oh as long as I know how to love,
I know I am still alive.
I got all my life to live, and I got all my love to give,
I will survive, hey, hey!

It all the strength I not to fall apart,
Now I am trying hard to mend the pieces of my broken heart,
I oh so many nights just feeling sorry for myself,
I to cry, but now I hold my head up high,
And you see me, somebody new. I am not that chained up
little person still in love with you, and so you
just like dropping in and just expect me to be free,
Now I am saving all my loving for someone who's loving me
Oh and now GO! Walk out the door! Just turn around now,
'Cause you're not welcome anymore!
Weren't you the one who to break me with goodbyes,
You think I'd crumble, You think I'd lay down and die?
No, not I, I will survive, Oh as long as I know how to love,
I know I am still alive,
I got all my life to live, and I got all my love to give,
I will survive, oh yeah!

BE (2), CAN, SPEND (2) DO, GROW, WALK, CHANGE, MAKE, KNOW, TRY (2), TAKE, HAVE,
USE, FEEL

http://www.isabelperez.com/survive.htm

49

Tema:

What could you do?

Unidad: 2

Objetivo conceptual: EL estudiante identificar y conocer algunos
verbos irregulares en pasado

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno utilizar los verbos irregulares en
pasado para construir oraciones y expresar
hechos o acciones en el pasado.

Objetivo Actitudinal: El alumno reconocer la importancia de
expresarse con propiedad en un idioma extranjero
El alumno se comportar con respeto y tolerancia
con sus pares y con el profesor

matemticas o graficas
Desarrolla innovaciones y propone soluciones a problemas mediante
mtodos establecidos.
Desarrolla innovaciones y propone soluciones a problemas a partir de
metodos establecidos.
comprendiendo como cada uno de sus pasos contribuye al alcance
de un objetivo.
Aporta puntos de vista con apertura y considera los de otras personas
de manera reflexiva.

implcitos en un texto.
Expresa ideas y conceptos en forma escrita de manera clara, coherente
y creativa.
extranjera.
comunicativos.

50

WHAT COULD YOU DO?

COULD

I s the past form of CAN the ability to do things.

How to use COULD to Express

ABILITY in the past
Affirmative
He could speak English when he was young.
I could read and write when I was four years old.
I could run the marathon
She could swim in cold water
They could cut a tree in two minutes.

Negative
I couldnt build that house
He couldnt open the door
You couldnt find the treasure
We couldnt drive a car when we were children

There are other usages for this Modal Auxiliary:

POSSIBILITY in the past
PERMISSION in the past
We will study them later...
51

COULD

EXAMPLE: Juan was accepted at Medical School and Law School. Both
gave him a scholarship. Bernardo could go Medical School but He wants
to be a Lawyer.

What is the ability on the following sentences?

1. Sofia taught math when she was young.

She could teach math when she was young.

2. Armando answered three phones at the same time

He couldnt answer three phones at the same time.

3. Delia and her husband danced tango many years ago.

4. Aglael took music lessons last year.

5. Lety and Christopher cooked carne asada in 5 minutes.

6. Dulce found anything you need on the internet.

7. Laura didnt know how to use a computer last year.

8. Angela didnt read fast last year.

1. We didnt know how to speak English

2. Cesar Jr. didnt know how to walk last year.

52

Tema: Modal Auxiliary verb Could

Unidad: 1

Objetivo conceptual: El estudiante conocer las reglas gramaticales
relacionadas con el uso del auxiliar Could para
expresar una capacidad, una posibilidad, o un
permiso.

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno practicar lo aprendido del auxiliar Could
en (pasado) para comunicarse en lo que se hubiera
podido, lo que se podra hacer; lo que hubiera podido
ocurrir, lo que podra suceder.


Maneja las tecnologas de la informacin y la comunicacin para obtener
informacin y expresar ideas.
Identifica las ideas clave en un texto e infiere conclusiones a partir de
ellas.

creativa.
Evala el lenguaje como una herramienta para interpretar y representar la
realidad que estructura nuestras percepciones y experiencias diarias.
extranjera, y los interpreta en el marco de la diversidad lingstica.
extranjera.
comunicativos.

53

Introduction

Could is the past form of CAN and is the ability to do things.

The student will practice in everyday life when is he, expressing, after study understand
the modal Could and negative form also in occasions depending on the context Could
indicates one possibility, a capacity, an option and situations can also be used to ask
favors.

Grammar Focus

Positive and Negative form (Modal Verb could)
Pronouns (Subject) Modal Verb Infinitivo without to
I
you
He
She
It
We
You
They
|
|
|
COULD/COULDNT
|
|
|
|
|
VERB - Simple form
(DANCE)
|
|

Couldnt is the contraction of could not.

Note When we use the past you must to use could followed by the infinitive
past
When we use the past you must to use could followed by the infinitive past
You could have talked to a doctor
Or infinitive without to
Luisa could dance yesterday.
54

Examples

Affirmative for to express capacity (=be able to):
He could speak English when he was young.

Negative
I couldnt build that house.
Ability in the past:
I could always beat you at tennis when we were kids.
For to express permission depending of the context in past, present or future:
when we use the past you must to use could followed by the infinitive past
You could have talked to a doctor
Permission in present and future
Could I have a look at your dictionary now o
Could I have a look at your photos tomorrow?
Present possibility:
We could always spend the afternoon just sitting around talking.
Possibility or ability in contingent circumstances
If he studied harder, he could pass this course.
For some reason we couldnt play football soccer in the school field, but today we can.
We often use could in a question to ask somebody to do something. The use of could in this
way is fairly polite (formal): Could you tell me where the bank is, please?
In the questions of yes or no with could use in polite way.
Could you open your window please?

55

Task
What is the ability on the following sentences?

1. Sofia taught math when she was young.

She could teach math when she was young.

2. Armando answered three phones at the same time

He couldnt answer three phones at the same time.

3. Delia and her husband danced tango many years ago.

4. Samantha took music lessons last year.

5. Reyna and Luis cooked carne asada in 5 minutes.

6. Dulce found anything you need on the internet.

7. Esmeralda didnt know how to use a computer last year.

8. Angela didnt read fast last year.

1. We didnt know how to speak English

2. Cesar Jr. didnt know how to walk last year.

56

Change the following sentences using 'could' (Possibility)

1. We have the opportunity to play tennis now.

2. We are free to study our English lesson tomorrow morning.

3. Do you have time to help me buy a birthday gift for Jane?

4. Carlos & Lina were able to spend long time visiting the museums.

5. Hector y Betty have time to take a long drive in the country.

6. They didnt rent a DJ for our Christmas party.

7. They heard the music they liked.

8. We didnt have a dog when we were young.

9. They didnt approve the final test.

10. They didnt arrive on time, they lose their flight

3. Andres was invited to his friends wedding.
57

Choose the correct answer. Fill the gaps when youve checked your answers.

1 I remember his name.

A was

B couldnt

C red herring

2 Diana the piano.

A could play
B can to play
C eats

3 She come on holiday
next month if her parents give her
permission.

A can't

B could

C could to

4 They go. The weather
was too bad.

A couldn't

B can't

C could to
6 You solve this.

A could

B could to

C is

7 Sorry, Teacher. I do it
yet.

A wasn't

B couldn't

C could to

8 He pass the exam if
he studied harder.

A can to

B could to

C could

9 They get any fish.

A could to
B couldnt
C wasn't

5 I buy any thing, but I
dont have any money.
A can't to
B am not
C could
10 Im sorry, We go to
the party.
A couldn't
B Cant to
C will can't

58

Exercises

Write sentences about yourself. Use could or couldnt.
Short Answers
Yes, (I you he she it we they) could No, (I you he she
it we they) could/couldnt

Could you swim last month?
1.________________________________________________________________
2.________________________________________________________________
3.________________________________________________________________
4.________________________________________________________________
5.________________________________________________________________
6.________________________________________________________________

59

Pair work

Time to speak
Talk about these questions
Which of these favors ask you most? Which you ask the least?
What are two other favors that you dislike being asked?
Imagine that your best friend asked you all these favors; what would you say in each situation?

Could you do me a favor?
Could you?

Lend me
your
toothbrush
Let me see
your exam
Let me use
your car for
a weekend
Lend me
some money
Let me stay
at your house
for a year
Make me my
homework
60

Process
The student has to research for additional information in internet and books about the
modal could.
In this chart you can put the information you found in your research.

Affirmative

Negative

Ability
in the
past
Past or
future
permission
Present
possibility Requests

Possibility or
ability in
contingent
circumstances

Look at the next links to find the information needed; you can start gathering useful information
from the websites and look for others websites.
http://www.ssdd.bcu.ac.uk/learner/Grammar%20Guides/3.07%20Modals.htm
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/auxvb.html
http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/freeexercises.htm#MODAL

61

Evaluation

Category
&
Score
Beginning 1 Developing 2 Very Good 3 Exemplary 4 Score
Test of Prior
Knowledge
The student
poorly recall the
concept about
Modal could
Auxiliary Verb
The student can
somewhat recall
the concept
about the Modal
could
could Auxiliary
Verb
The student is
able to recall
well the concept
about the could
Auxiliary Verb
The student
completely
recall the
concept about
Modal
could
Auxiliary Verbs
%20
Reading the
Notes
The student did
not read the
notes found in
the following
links provided
for she/he
The student
scan the notes
found in the
following links
provided for
she/he
The student
read the notes
completely
found in the
following links
provided for
she/he
The student
read the notes
found in the
following links
provided for
he/se
%25
Differentiating
Affirmative
Present
possibility
Past or future
permission
Negative
Ability in the
past
Possibility or
ability in
contingent
circumstances

Students just
read the
handout
provided for
he/she
Students read
the handout
provided for
he/she
Students have
read and
understood the
handouts
provided for
he/she
Students have
fully read and
mastered the
handout
provided for
he/she
%30
Exercises The students
got 1% - 25% of
the total score
in the task
activity
The students
got 25% - 50%
of the total score
in the task
activity
The students
got 50% - 75%
of the total score
in the task
activity
The students
got 75% -
100% of the
total score in
the task
activity
%25
Total Score: %100

NOTE: Is important to know that in second semester students focus in the modal auxiliary verb could in past, but it is not a
bad idea that the students know all this forms of the modal auxiliary verb could. This is only a suggestion if the teacher
consider the use of the modal auxiliary verb could only in the past form, she/he are going to teaching in the correct way
too.

62

REFERENCIA

Ttulo: Lado English series
Autor: Robert Lado
Lugar: University of Michigan
Editorial: Englewood Cliffs, Jersey 07632
Edicin: Printed in the United States of America
Pgina: 98

Auxiliar \"Could\"
http://images.google.com.mx/images?um=1&hl=es&lr=&safe=active&rlz=1G1G
GLQ_ESMX302&q=fotografia+de+persona+hablando+por+telefono&start=20&sa=
N&ndsp=20

Auxiliar \"Could\"
http://www.wikilearning.com/curso_gratis/1000_palabras_usadas_y_gramat
ica-condicional_could/26255-16

Auxiliar \"Could\"
http://aprendeinglesenutah.wordpress.com/2008/11/11/lesson-18-can-coul
d-and-be-able-to-modal-verbs-i/

Modal verb Can and Could - ability
http://www.inglestotal.com/modal-verb-can-and-could-ability-lesson-14/


63

I was working when The light went off.

You were playing soccer when I saw the accident

It could happen to you!

Betty: Whats wrong with you Hector?

Hector: Im very tired! I worked all night long!
Betty: Really? Why was that?
Hector: Well, I was finishing my homework,
when suddenly, the light went off!
Betty: Oh my god! And what happened?
Hector: Youre not going to believe! I didnt save
my job. I was finishing it. So, I had to start it over
again!!!
Betty: No kidding? Thats awful!
Hector: I know! Thats why I worked all night!
Betty: Im sorry to hear that.

PAST CONTINUOUS vs SIMPLE PAST
Past Continuous is an interrupted action by another action in the past.

She was finishing her homework and I started again.

They were fishing in the lake when It started to rain.

We were watching TV but We fell asleep.
64

Read the following story, and change the verb given in parenthesis to the
past tense.
Sergio and Maggie_ (watch) TV last night, when their children
_(come) and (interrupt) them, they (want)
to go to the movies; but Sergio, (be) tired and (not want) to
drive all the way to down town.
It was Friday night, and the parents (plan) to stay home. But Hugo, the oldest son,
(propose) that Maggie could drive. But Maggie
(cook) dinner. So, she (say) no. Andres (play) Nintendo,
and (not like) to go with Hugo.

Read the following story; fill in the gaps using the given verbs to complete
the sentence, and then continue with your own end to the story.
GO (3) / NOT LIKE /BE (3) / FEEL / RAIN / NOT BE / HAVE/ TRY / CRY

Last weekend, Carmela to the cinema to see "The
Others". Carmela it because it about
ghosts and she is afraid of them. When she
home with her friend Lola, she very strange.

There a noise behind them, but they could not see
anyone. It a lot and there
any taxis on the street, so they to go home walking. The noise

still behind them and while they

to see what or who it , the

lights on the street out and they for five
minutes.

Do you know what happened next?
65

EXERCISE Complete the sentences using the past simple and
past continuous of the verb given. Remember one action was in
progress, (continuing), when it was interrupted (past simple)

1. I went (go) to the mall after school, while I was walking(walk),

I saw (see) my Math teacher.

2. My brother (see) a bear an hour ago, it
(try) to go inside his car.

3. (do) Mike visit his grandmother last night? No,
he (visit) his girlfriend.

4. Alex (not work), last weekend. He
(travel) to his mothers town.

5. (be) Ofelia and Lorena at last month's
meeting? No they (take) swimming lessons.

6. We (watch) a beautiful movie, but we (be)
not happy after the sad ending.

7. (do) you see Javier's new dog yesterday? Yes,
it (run) down the street.

8. Sorry, I (not hear) you at the door. I
(take) a shower.

9. I _(study) English for two years while I
(finish) my major.

10. What (do) you eat for lunch yesterday? We
(eat) some hotdogs, when we started to feel
sick.

11. My brother and Sonia (play) tennis at 11am
yesterday, when it (start) to rain.
66

12. (be) you still working at 7pm last night? Yes, I

(get) for this meeting.

13. At 8.30am today I (drive) to work and I
(get) a flat tired.

14. We (sleep) at 11pm. When
someone (knock) at the door.
15. I (meet) John in town yesterday. He
(buy) a present for his daughters birthday.

16. Maria (wait) for me when I
(arrive).

17. I (take) a shower when I

18. I (not/know) what to say when he (ask)

the question.

19. Paul (not plan) enough activities, his girlfriend
(break) with him.

67

BUILD YOUR OWN STORY!!! Look at the pictures that follow,

and tell what happened

DIVING

SKIING

BROKE ARM

STEAL

HOLD ME

PUNCH ME

68

EXERCISE now, build your own story, what do you
think happened and was happening on each picture?

69

70

Tema: Countable and uncountable nouns

Unidad: 2

Objetivo conceptual: EL alumno conocer algunos sustantivos contables y
los diferenciar de los no contables

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno utilizar e identificar los sustantivos
contables y no contables para poder expresar
cantidades


Se expresa y se comunica
Aplica distintas estrategias comunicativas segn quienes sean sus
interlocutores, el contexto en el que se encuentra y los objetivos que
persigue.
Se comunica en una segunda lengua en situaciones cotidianas.
Trabaja en forma colaborativa
Propone maneras de solucionar un problema o desarrollar un proyecto en
equipo, definiendo un curso de accin con pasos especficos.
manera reflexiva.

extranjera.

71

HOW WAS YOUR HOMETOWN?

Frank: Where are you from Enriqueta?

Enriqueta: Oh! Im from Rosarito in Baja California.

Frank: How was your hometown, when you left Enriqueta?

Enriqueta: Oh! It was beautiful, there were many parks and places to visit, but there was too
much traffic in downtown!

Frank: Were there enough signals to help control the traffic jam?

Enriqueta: Yes, there were; but there were too many business located there! and cars, pollute
the air. Now there is a lot of noise and too much smog.

Frank: The city should prohibit traffic in downtown to reduce pollution and people should use
more bicycles and fewer cars.

Enriqueta: People can also use the subway.

Frank: How many stations are there?

Enriqueta: There are two train stations in downtown; one of them is close to the mall where
you can find all kind of stores. It even has the biggest movie theater you can image. Many
people visit it.

Frank: In my home town there was only one Movie Theater it is also well visited by every body
in my town. But my town is a small one!!!

Traffic jam: long line of cars that can not move
Pollute, Pollution: Making the water, air, etc. dirty
Subway: Tunnel under a busy road, or train that is for people who are walking.
72

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Countable nouns are for things we can count. They usually have a singular and
plural form.
Example: a dog - two dogs
a horse - ten horses
a man - six men
a shop - the shops
an idea - some ideas

We use many to indicate a large number of items, and without counting.
We use too... to increase the number
WE USE HOW MANY to make a question.

There were many cars in my city.
There are many buildings in downtown.
There are many houses for rent.
There are many dogs in the park.
There are too many Chinese restaurants in Mexicali.
There are too many boys at the movies.
How many taco stands are in Mexicali?

We use A FEW to reduce the number for countable nouns.
There are a few bicycles in the neighborhood
There are a few cats in the park
There are a few Japanese restaurants
There are a few museums

Uncountable nouns are for the things that we cannot count
Example: tea, sugar, water, air, rice, dust.

They ar e used wi t h a si ngul ar ver b.
They usual l y do not have a pl ur al f or m.
They ar e of t en t he names f or abst r act i deas or
qual i t i es.
We can not say: sugar s, anger s, knowl edges
We use t oo t o i ncr ease t hem

WE USE HOW MUCH to make a question.
How much sugar is there?
How much butter is left?
WE USE MUCH TO INCREASE THE NUMBER
There is much traffic in my city
There is much pollution in my city.
There is much public transportation.
73

Continuation.

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

They are often the names for abstract ideas or qualities. Examples
of common uncountable nouns:
Money Furniture
Happiness Sadness
Research Evidence
Safety Beauty
Knowledge Traffic

We cannot use a/an with these nouns. To express a quantity of one
of these nouns, use a word or expression like:

Some, a little, a lot of, a piece of, plenty, etc.
Some money a piece of furniture
Some happiness a lot of evidence
A little knowledge

Use ANY for questions or negative statements. For both
Countable and Uncountable nouns
Was there any happiness on his face?
Was there any evidence of the crime?
Is there any money left?
Is there any car outside your house?
Are there any complete windows?

NEGATIVE
There isnt any complete window.
There wasnt any bread left.
There werent any dogs in the park
74

Tema: Units of measure
Adverbs of quantity

Unidad: 2

Objetivo conceptual: El alumno identificar y clasificar las diferentes
unidades de medida

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno utilizar adecuadamente las diferentes
unidades de medida

con propiedad en un idioma extranjero.
sus pares y con el profesor.

Identifica las ideas clave en un texto o discurso oral e infiere conclusiones
a partir de ellas.
persigue.

creativa en una lengua extranjera.
extranjera.
comunicativos.

75

UNI TS OF MEASURE

A cup: (cupful) The amount that a cup can hold
A bottle: glass or plastic container with a narrow neck for keeping liquids.
A Slice: A flat piece of food that is cut from a larger piece.
A bunch: a group of things of the same type grown together.
A bundle: to make or tie a number of things together.
A loaf: Bread baked in one piece (before it is cut in pieces, [slices])
Pinch: The amount of something you can pick up with your thumb and
your first finger
A pound: Measure of weight equal to 0.454 Grms.
Spoonful: The amount that a spoon can hold
Dozen: twelve units of something.
Half a dozen: six units of something.

Sofia: In my home town there are many tall
buildings.
Tony: My town doesnt have any tall
buildings.

Yolanda: Are there too many streets in your town?

Mario: No, there arent too many.

Choose the correct word to show quantity, remember, Can you count
them? Use many, a few. You cant? Use much, little

Restaurants / much / many / little

Traffic / many / much / little

76

Students / little / many / much

Telephones / little / many / much

Apple trees/ many / much / less

Traffic lights / many / much / little

Markets / many / much / little

Churches / many / much / a few

77

School transportation / many / much / little

COUNTABLE and UNCOUTABLE
Around the house

Is there enough butter in the refrigerator?

Yes, there is enough, theres a pack of butter

Is there any rice at home?

Yes, there is a bowl of rice on the table

Is there enough milk for breakfast?
No, there isnt any!

Adverbs of quantity

Enough Not enough
Not to much Plenty
A little Fewer
More Less
78

Tema: Is there..? Are there..?

Unidad: 2

Objetivo conceptual: El alumno

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno

Objetivo Actitudinal: El alumno mostrar disposicin para trabajar con
limpieza y comportarse con respeto
El alumno reconocer la importancia de expresarse

persigue.
a partir de ellas.

Evala el lenguaje como una herramienta para interpretar y representar la
realidad que estructura nuestras percepciones y experiencias diarias.

79

Answer the following questions using a unit of measure you learnt using Is
there.? Yes, there is, Yes, there are

Are there any grapes in the refrigerator? (bundle)

Yes, there are two bundles.

Is there enough celery for our salad? (One
bundle)

?
Is there any milk for my cereal? (Negative answer)

Is there any lettuce for lunch? (One head)

Are there any oranges on the refrigerator? (Pineapples)

Is there any bread? (Only half loaf)

Are there any eggs for breakfas
80

Tema: Much..? Many..? or Any..?

Unidad: 2

Objetivo conceptual: El alumno comprender el momento en el cual debe
poner en prctica el uso de Much, Many y Any.

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno relacionar el uso de Much, Many y Any
con ejemplos y ejercicios relacionados con la vida
cotidiana.


persigue.
a partir de ellas.

extranjera.
comunicativos.

81

Questions using: How much? How many? Answer the question using
the units of measure learnt.

How much bread do you need for your sandwich?

I need two slices of bread.

How much lemon do we need for the lemonade?
(A few slices)

How much meat is left for everybody?
(Enough)

How much cake do you want? (One piece)

How many pineapple slices do you need?
(A few)

How much milk do you need?
(Not too much)
82

We usemany with countable nouns

Many cars have satellite systems
I ate too many apples.
How many trees did you plant this weekend?
I don't know how many girls there are at our school.

and much with uncountable nouns.
I don't have much money.
Our teacher gives us too much homework.
How much sugar do we have?
I don't know how much water I drank.

We use a lot of

with uncountable nouns and plural count nouns
I ate a lot of apples.
A lot of people like to swim at night.
That dog has a lot of fleas.

Mary bought a lot of furniture.
The man gave us a lot of advice.
Our teacher gave us a lot of homework.

http://www.eflnet.com/tutorials/muchmanyalotof.php

Can you count the following items? If you cant, write: MUCH. If you can write MANY

1. Many students

2. time

3. money

4. dollars

5. wine

6. children

7. water

8. fun

9. dogs

10. people

11. rice

12. sand

13. coffee

14. news

15. furniture
83

MUCH? MANY? Or ANY? Choose the correct word If you can count,
use MANY if you cant, use MUCH if its negative or question, use ANY.

1. How coffee do you drink?

2. Mark doesn't do exercise.

3. I don't eat meat.

4. Helen eats fruit.

5. I don't know people at work.

6. How students are there in your class?

7. We need bananas.

8. You can't buy posters in this shop.

9. We haven't got oranges at the moment.

10. Peter has bought new books.

11. She always takes sugar with her coffee.

12. I've seen nice postcards in this souvenir shop.

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/some_any.htm

Complete the following sentences using the MUCH, MANY or A LOT
OF, ANY, HOW MUCH, HOW MANY,

13. I don't have money for lunch

14. There are students

15. How bread do we have in the kitchen?

16. I buy bananas every week.

17. She doesn't like catsup on her French fries.

18. traffic is on the freeway now?

19. I have friends in America.

20. We don't drink orange juice.

21. There is cheese in the salad

22. milk do we need?

23. There isnt milk in the refrigerator.

24. apples do you have?

25.

rice do we have?

26. I ate soup for dinner.
84

PROGRESS TEST. Read the following sentences, and fill in the
gaps the correct Word: many, much, enough, any, a lot
of, some of, too much, not too much, a little, a few,

1. There are students at CECYTE Xochimilco.

2. How ice cream do you want?

3. When he was a student, he didn't have money?

4. Will you go to the store? We don't have milk left

5. Perla is very popular. She has friends

6. There aren't students in the El Florido library tonight

7. Mr. Trillas doesn't like to give homework

8. Yolanda watches movies on the weekends.

9. Minervas apartment is almost empty. She doesn't own furniture

10. Claudia bought too much furniture. she owns too chairs

11. You can borrow money from your uncle. He has money

12. You cannot borrow money from your brother. He only has

money.

13. Buy a new car. Your old car has problems.

14. The classroom is almost empty. There are only people here.

15. Julia eats toast with butter.

16. The printer is expensive. It uses ink.

17. Linda isn't very busy. She doesn't have homework.

18. Laura has free time. She only has homework.

19. Only the computers in the writing center are broken.

20. Hector had only time to finish this lesson.

21. How ice cream would you like?

22. How money does that cost?

23. How cars are in the parking lot?

24. Daniel has books about literature.
85

Tema: Plurals

Unidad: 2

Objetivo conceptual: El alumno conocer ydistiguira los plurales regulares y
los irregulares

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno clasificar y direfenciar los plurales
regulares de los irregulares


persigue.
a partir de ellas.

extranjera.
comunicativos.

86

PLURALS

Rule #1 The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding - s to a singular noun

Rule #2 Nouns ending in s, z, x, sh, and ch add - es.
S

glass glasses
IZ

buzz buzzes

box boxes
dish dishes
church churches
Z

Rule #3 Nouns ending in - y preceded by a consonant change - y to - ies. Examples: lady, ladies;
city, cities; army, armies

Rule #4 Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel add - s. Example: boy, boys; day, days

Rule #5 Most nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant add es. Example: hero; heroes; potato:
potatoes, tomato: tomatoes

Rule #6 Some nouns ending in f or fe change f or fe to - ves. Example: beef, beeves; wife,
wives, knife-knives

IRREGULAR PLURALS

man, men foot, feet mouse, mice
tooth,

woman, women
teeth
louse, lice
child, children ox, oxen goose, geese
The following nouns have no singular:
scissors oats tongs
trousers pinchers measles
cattle shears
victuals tweezers
87

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY

A day in Ensenada

Prepare a tour through Ensenada (or choose your own recreational place)
which of the following activities would you like to do? Number them from
1 (most interesting) and 6 (least interesting).

Visit La Bufadora
Eat lobster in
Puerto Nuevo

Take a ride to see
the whales
Take a walk in down

town and buy
Mexican Curios

Vineyards in Valle de
Guadalupe

Visit Hanson Lagoon

Bring pictures of that place to make a poster, present your poster to the
class, tell them why and when are you visiting that place.

Talk about the activities you are planning to do, in the order you gave
initially, and tell why you want to do that particular action. Use the box
bellow to write down the information you will need to talk about your trip.
88

Tema: There are four types of pronouns:
Object pronouns after verb
Object pronouns after prepositions
Unidad: 2

Objetivo conceptual: El alumno comprender y relacionar los diferentes
pronombres en ingls y en espaol

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno diferenciar los diferentes pronombres y
los practicar por medio de la ejemplificacin


a partir de ellas.
persigue.

extranjera.
comunicativos.
extranjera, y los interpreta en el marco de la diversidad lingstica y
cultural.

89

There are four types of pronouns:

Subject Pronouns: Function as the subject of a sentence; you are familiar with
them; use them instead the persons name.

I live in New York
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
Do you like playing tennis?

Object Pronouns: serve as the object of a verb. The person does the
action, and Object pronouns indicate to WHOM the action goes to.

me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

Adriana gave me the book.
He told you to come tonight.
She asked him to help.
They visited her when they came to New York

Pronouns must always refer to a specific noun in a previous
discussion.
Pronouns must agree in number, person, and gender with the noun
they refer to.

Possessive Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
90

Angela: We had a birthday party for Tony last Friday.

Claudia: Really? Why didnt you call me? I would love to come!

Angela: Im sorry Claudia, I didnt organize it.

Claudia: Oh, I see! And tell me, how was it? Did you have
fun?
Angela: We did!!! There was plenty of food for all of us.

Everybody brought a present for him. I gave him a new iPod
system and Roberto and Juan gave him a CD player,
Claudia: Did he like them?

Angela: Oh! Yes, he did like them! That was the perfect gift

CHOOSE THE CORRECT PRONOUN!

1. I saw . Her / she

2. Give it to . They / them

3. He kissed _. she / her

4. He took . It / them / either could be used here.

5. Did anyone see ? Us / we

6. arrived on time. Them / They

7. What did say? Her / she

8. She's faster than am. Me / I

9. I saw you and there. She / her

10. Between you and _, I really didn't like it. Me / I

http://www.usingenglish.com/handouts/73.html
91

Complete the following sentences using the correct OBJECT PRONOUN,
substituting the personal pronoun.

Ricardo was reading the news about . (He)

Ricardo was reading the news about him.

Rosa bought a present for grandma,

Rosa bought a present for HER

The teacher read a story to. (WE)

My daughter hugs (I) every day!

Mr. Perez drives his children on his truck every day

Aglael received a love letter from Bernardo last month

Lorena was talking to Mike, she was telling Mike not to be late
from work.
92

Object pronouns after a verb:

My friend likes me.
He likes you.
Martha likes him. (A boy or a man)
Tom likes her. (A girl or a woman)
We like it. (An animal or an object)
They like us.
We like them. (People or objects)

Object pronouns after prepositions:

My friend talks to me.
The teacher talks to you.
I talk to him on the telephone.
I talk to her on the telephone.
I look at it.
The man talks to us.
We talk to them.

http://www.eslpractice.net/obpro/ex1.htm

Complete the following sentences using the appropriate OBJECT
PRONOUN (me, you, him, her, it, us, and them)

Where is Monica? I want to talk to .
I don't know where she is. I haven't seen .
I want to talk to because she has my book
Here, you can use my book. Please give back when you finish
though. I need it for tomorrow.

Those shoes are nice. I like .
Thanks. They are new. I just bought yesterday.

Andrew is in my computer class. Do you know .
Yes I know . He sits next to me

We are very thirsty. Please give something to drink
Here's some nice cold water. I hope you enjoy .
93

PROGRESS TEST- Fill in the gaps using the appropriate OBJECT PRONOUN.

Is she writing to Luis Miguel?
Yes, she is in love with ! (he/him/his)

Carlos is making a lot of noise!
I'll ask to be quiet. (him/it/ its)

Please tell Mrs. Montes to come in.
Sorry, I don't know . (her / him / she)

I can't find my glasses!
You are wearing ! (them / there / they)

Do you like bananas?
I love ! (hers / its / them)

Why is he always talking about Jessica Simpson?
He obviously likes ! (her / him / she)

Where is my English book?
Oh, my God! I've lost ! (him / it / its)

Is that Marta's new boyfriend?
Don't ask me, ask ! (her / his / it)

What is the title of that song?
I can't remember . (him / it / them)

Why is David so happy?
His friends gave a guitar for his birthday! (him /it / them)

What are you going to do with those old papers?
I'm going to ecycle . (their / them / they)
94

Tema: How have you changed?
Using (Used to)

Unidad: II

Objetivo conceptual: El estudiante conocer las reglas gramaticales
relacionadas con el uso de Used to, para expresar
cosas que regularmente acostumbrabas hacer en el
pasado, pero ya no lo haces mas.

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno aplicar lo aprendido para elaborar textos
simples, as comopara comunicarse en una lengua
extranjera.


ellas.
Aporta puntos de vista con apertura y considera los de otros compaeros
Sigue instrucciones y procedimiento de manera reflexiva.

creativa.
extranjera.
comunicativos.
extranjera

95

Introduction

The student will practice in everyday life when is he or she expressing, in a correct way after
study understand the use of; "Used to" expresses the idea that something was an old habit that
stopped in the past. It indicates that something was often repeated in the past, but it is not usually
done now.

Grammar Focus

Used To
FORM
USED TO + VERB
Example
I used to go to the park every day
Habit in the past

You can use to +verb for talk of habits in that you used to do in past but you dont do any
more.
Example
Habit: I used to play tennis
Affirmative
I you he she it
we they
+ Used to + verb

Example: I used to play the guitar he used to play the guitar we used to play the
guitar etc
Negative
I you he she it
we they
+ Didnt Used
to
+ verb
Example: I didnt use to play tennis she didnt use to play tennis they didnt play
tennis etc.

Questions

Did I you he she
it we they
Used to + verb
Example: did you used to dance?
Short answers
Did you use to play football?
Yes I did
No I didn't

96

TASK

Activity 1
Complete these sentences. Then compare with a partner.

1. In summer vacations, I used to________
2. I used to eat_____, but now I dont.
3. I used to eat a lot _____, now Im on a diet.
4. After school my friend and I used to______
Activity 2

Pair work
Time to write

Write six more sentences about yourself using used to
Do you and your classmate have anything in common?

Read your compositions to your partner.
Your partner tells two interesting things about you to the
class.

97

Complete the following sentences:

1. When I was in elementary school, I used to

2. I used to , but not anymore.

3. When I was a kid. I used to play

Writing and Speaking Add four more questions to the following list and
take turns to ask and answer each question. Then, write the main idea of
your classmates

1. Whats your favorite memory from secondary school?
2. What kinds of sports or games did you use to play then?
3. Did you use to have a nick name?
4. Did you use to have a special food?
5. What kind of music did you use to like?
6. Where did you use to go for entertain
7.
8.
9.
10.

Write down all the information given by your classmates

Example:
My friend Tere used to play basketball when she was in secondary school.
98

Used to or Use to..

Circle the correct answer. Fill the gaps when youve checked your answers.

Jim doesn't have a girlfriend now, but he
.

didn't use to
used to
was using to

People use the
Internet but now everybody is surfing

aren't used to using

Didnt use to

isn't used to using
I dont play soccer, but I

used to play every Sunday

He didnt used to

Use a pillow

When I was younger I speak in
French all the time but not now.

is used
Used to
gets used

I to play baseball
when I was young. I'm too old and fat to
play now.

use

got used to
used

Juan was in London for a year. He liked
England but he the
insipid food and the miserable weather.

Didnt get used to

could used to

can ever used to
I wear long hair for the holidays but
not any more

used to

to be used to
to used to get

The baker's to be so bad
but now it's terrible.

didn't use
didn't used
was used

I get up early every day for years but I
am to it.

used

still not used

am already used

http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/freeexercises.htm
I talk over the phone
every day, but not any more

Used to
am using
use

99

Process
The student has to research for additional information in internet and books about the
modal could.

Affirmative

Negative

Questions Short answers

Look at the next links to find the information needed; you can start gathering useful information
from the websites and look for others websites.

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-m_used-to-do.htm
http://www.uwstout.edu/soe/profdev/rubrics/primaryteamworkrubric.pdf

100

Evaluation

Self evaluation rubric

As team member I: As team member I: As team member I:

Let my partner do all of my
work

Let my partners do some of
my work

did all of my mu work
Did not help my partners Only helped my partners when
they asked me
helped my partners
Did not listen to my partners
ideas
Had troubles quietly listening
to ideas
listened to my partners
ideas
Did not chare my ideas Shared only one idea
shared my ideas
Did not help the group solve
problems
Waited for my group to solve
most problems
helped my group solve
problems

REFERENCIA

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-m_used-to-do.htm
http://www.uwstout.edu/soe/profdev/rubrics/primaryteamworkrubric.pdf
http://es.123rf.com/photo_593369.html

101

How have you changed?

For the previous diagram, complete using the categories:

San Felipe Ensenada Park
Swimming Paying Soccer Pizza
Tacos Fishing Playing baseball
Tijuana The lake Watching Cartoons
Fishing Skating

I went camping when I was 10 years old.
How often did you go camping?
We went every summer.

Used to

Used to refers to something that you regularly did in the past but
dont do anymore

I used to go camping every summer, but now I go every
Easter.

Did you use to stay many days?

Yes, I used to stay for weeks
No, I didnt use to stay for more than two days.

Where did you use to go?
We always used to go to the same place.
102

Tema: Word order in Questions

Unidad: II

Objetivo conceptual: El alumno reconocer las reglas gramaticales
relacionadas con el uso de Word order in Questions
para expresar el orden en que aparecen las palabras
en una oracin.

Objetivo
procedimental:
El alumno aplicar lo aprendido de Word order in
Questions; para comunicarse y elaborar textos
simples en una lengua extranjera para diversos
propsitos

Objetivo Actitudinal: El alumno mostrar inters y colaboracin con sus
compaeros en su vida cotidiana y dentro del saln de
clases.

Ordena la informacin de a cuerdo a categoras y jerarquas.
ellas.
Aporta puntos de vista con apertura y considera los de otros compaeros

creativa.
extranjera.
comunicativos.
extranjera

103

Introduction

The student will practice in everyday life when is he or she expressing, in a correct way after
study understand the use of; Word order in questions; In The English language there are no
different forms for subjects and objects. To keep subject and object apart however, we have to
stick to the word order.
In questions, the word order subject-verbs-objects is the same as in affirmative sentences. The
only thing that's different is that you usually have to put the auxiliary verb example: (main verb be)
before the subject interrogative are put at the beginning of the sentence.

Grammar Focus

Interrogative W questions

interrogative Auxiliary
verb
subject Other
verbs
Indirect
object
Direct
object
place time
what would you Like
to tell
me

Did You have A party In your
hose
yesterday
When were you Here?

You dont use an auxiliary verb if you ask for the subject. In this case the interrogative
simply takes the place of the subject.

interrogative Verb (s) object
who asked You?

Word order in affirmative sentences
For the beginning, remember this simple rule

subject Verb (s) object
I speak English

I Can speak English

Negative
The word order in negative sentences is the same as in affirmative sentences.
Note however, that in negative sentences we usually need an auxiliary verb.

Subject

verb Indirect object Direct object place time
I will not you the story at school tomorrow

104

Task
Word Order in Questions

INTERROGATIVE + AUXILIARY + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB

Order the words in the boxes to make questions.

oranges like do you

1 ?
you have much do how money
2 ?

you
are who

3 ?

my chocolate did eat you

4 ?

say you what did

5 ?

going you where are

6 ?

car tonight borrow I your can

7 ?

105

Process
The student has to research for additional information in internet and books about word
order in questions.

Affirmative

Negative

Questions Short answers

106

Evaluation

Word order in affirmative sentences

Instructions
Put in order the next affirmative sentences

1. likes/she/you she likes you
2. English/I/speak___________________
3. hates/onion/he____________________
4. we/song/a/sing____________________
5. sell/bread/they____________________
6. you/see/me/can____________________
7. buy/candies/she/wants to____________
8. feed/you/my/dog/can
9. brother/has/my/got/a cat____________
10. must/the book/read/you_____________

Referencia

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/satz.htm
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/word-order/exercises?03

107

Jennifer Lopez

Born July 24 1969 Jennifer Lopez, she of the infamous buttocks, is now one of the Bronxs
biggest exports. Starting her career as a dancer and actress appearing on American TV shows
such as Living Color and Hotel Malibu Jennifer was nominated for a Golden Globe for her first
film role in 1998 comedy Selena.

With a change of name came super stardom as, in 2001, JLo was released, featuring hit singles
Play, Love Dont Cost A Thing as well as giving birth to remixes of Im Real and Aint
It Funny. JLos collaboration with rappers such as Ja Rule gave her a
new audience and credibility outside of the pop world, although
Jenny From the Block, the lead single from her 2002 album This is
Me? Then, saw her rather ridiculed for claiming to be from the
block when she was often seen in the worlds finest hotels
wearing fur coats costing the yearly wage of most of us.

In between failed marriages (to Cris Judd) and
broken engagements (Ben Affleck), getting arrested with
P Diddy (another ex) and appearing in films such as Maid
in Manhattan and The Wedding Planner, Jennifer managed to
turn herself in to a corporation with a range of clothes,
perfumes and a production company to her name. She has also turned her hand to modeling,
most notably appearing in a fabulous campaign for Louis Vuitton.

More recently the one time diva seems to have settled down, dedicating time to her new
husband Marc Antony (the Latino pair married in June 2004) and releasing her latest album
Rebirth which, although a commercial flop, signified a new direction for the singer. Despite this
disappointment it seems that JLos success is set to run and run although whether her future
lies in singing, acting or fashion remains to be seen.

After reading JLos biography, write down with your own words, what
she used to do in her life.

JLo used to be a dancer. She used to

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