1

CHNG II : TRUYN NG BNH RNG

1 Khi nim chung
1.1 nh ngha
Truyn ng bnh rng l hnh thc truyn ng hoc thay i truyn
ng nh s n khp gia bnh rng & rng.
1.2 u khuyt im
+ u im
- Kch thc nh gn, kh nng ti cao, hiu sut cao (0,96 0,99)
- Lm vic chc chn, tui th cao.
- T s truyn n nh.
- C kh nng truyn cng sut ln, s vng quay cao, t s truyn ln.
+ Khuyt im
- i hi ch to chnh xc, dng loi dao my chuyn dng
- Lm vic vi vn tc cao th n
- Chu va p km.
1.3 Phn loi : C nhiu cch phn loi :
- Phn loi theo nguyn hnh
- Phn loi theo bin hnh
- Phn loi theo trc
- Phn loi theo vnh rng
+ Ngy nay thng c cch phn loi theo v tr trc :
- Hai trc song song : Trc rng thng, rng nghing , rng ch V.
- Hai trc ct nhau (vung gc) : Bnh rng nn , rng thng , rng nghing ,
rng cong.
- Hai trc cho nhau : trc cho , nn cho (Hypepol)
- Chuyn ng bnh rng , thanh rng .
+ Phn loi theo dng rng :
Dng rng : Thn khai , Xycloid , Novikov .
Thn khai :
- Do bn knh cong ln do sc bn cao.
- Hiu sut cao (0,95 0,99) do t trt trn mt rng & u = const
- Cng ngh ch to kh hon chnh khng ph thuc vo s rng.
(Hin nay trong ngnh ch to c kh chng ta s dng dng rng thn khai).
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1.4 Phm vi s dng
- Truyn c lc rt nh c th t N N.
- Cng sut 300 M.
- Vn tc 200 m/s.





























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2 Ti trng tnh ton
Ti sao phi nghin cu ti trng tnh ton
C hai nguyn nhn :
- Trong qu trnh lm vic trc, , bnh rng u b bin dng.
- Trong qu trnh ch to c nhng sai s khng trnh c .
Do xut hin ti trng ng ph nn ti trng tnh phn b khng u trn
sut chiu di rng (Chnh v vy m ngi ta a vo mt h s ti trng K).
Vy ti trng tnh ton = Ti trng danh ngha * H s ti trng (K).
2.1 S phn b ti trng khng u trong truyn ng bnh rng
Mc ch nghin cu : Xc nh ti trng ln nht tc dng cc b ti ch tip
xc .
Thc cht : .
Trong :
- Ti trng ring trn mt n v chiu di quy c ti ch ln nht.
- Ti trng ring trn mt n v chiu di quy c ti ch trung bnh.
a. S phn b ti trng khng u gia cc rng
- Ph thuc vo h s trng khp (bao nhiu cp rng ang lm vic).
c chng do s phn b ti trng khng u gia cc rng c hai hng s.
(tng ng ng sut tip xc )
(tng ng theo ng sut un )
H s ny c tra theo cp chnh xc & s vng.
b.S phn b ti trng trn khng u trn chiu dy rng (chiu rng
vnh rng).
C 6 nguyn nhn dn ti s phn b ti trng khng u :
- Do v tr ca bnh rng c b tr i xng hay khng i xng i vi .
- Ph thuc vo chiu rng tng i ca bnh rng =
Cng ln th b ln gia cng kh chnh xc.
- vy vng nn kh tip xc ht chiu dy b.
- Kh nng chy mn : nu chy mn c sau mt thi gian lm vic ti
trng s phn b u hn.
4
- Ph thuc vo cng vng ca trc (ph thuc vo )
- Ph thuc vo tng cng ca cp bnh rng ti ch n khp.































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3 Cc dng hng & ch tiu tnh ton.
Trong qu trnh lm vic do c ng sut tip xc ( ) & ng thi hai
mt trt ln nhau nn c hin tng trt ma st & xut hin ng xut tp
chung & ng sut un . Cc ng sut ny thay i c chu k chu k mch
ng gin on . C du hay khng c du Bnh rng c 6 dng hng sau
y : gy (do ng sut un) , trc r ( do ng sut tip xc) , dnh mn (do ma
st) , bin dng do v bong b mt.
3.1Gy rng
+ Ni xy ra
- Vt gy thng xut hin chn rng , ch c gc ln (tpo chung ng
sut).
- Rng b gy do qu ti & va p.
+ Cch tnh ( ]) Cn kim nghim ng sut un cc i ng sut
un cho php.
+ Gim gy
- Tng mun m . ( modun ln rng to ra).
- Phi dch chnh.
- Phi nhit luyn , gim ng sut un bm bng cch tng bn knh gc ln.
(Tng mun gc ln l v : t = m tng t tng rng to ra)
3.2.Mn rng
+ Ni xy ra
- Thng xy ra nhiu khi bi trn khng tt hay khng bi trn , trong du
c ht mi.
- Mn ch xy ra nh rng & chn rng.
+ Tc hi :
- Lm thay i hnh dng .
- Mn nhiu lm tit din rng gim
- Mn nhiu qu lm gy rng.
+ Gim mn :
- Tng cng b mt rng (cn phi nhit luyn & ho nhit luyn)
- Gim vn tc trt bng cch gim chiu cao rng (gim chiu cao rng =
dch chnh).
- Dng du bi trn hp l.
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3.3.Trc r














+ Ni xy ra
- Sau mt thi gian lm vic trn b mt rng xut hin cc vt nt , cc
vt nt nghing theo chiu vn tc trt cng chnh l chiu ca lc ma st.
- Nu c du , du chui vo cc vt nt. Khi n khp bao gi i vi bnh
dn ng tip xc t chn ln nh & bnh b d ngc li. Lm cho cc vng
chn rng b bt kn li, di tc dng ca p lc lm bong cc mng kim loi ra
gi l hin tng trc r.
+ Phn loi: C hai loi trc r
- Trc nht thi : Cc vt trc d sinh ra & bo mn i rt nhanh (xy ra vi
bnh rng c cng HB ) .
- Trc lan : L hin tng cc vt r sinh ra khng b bo mn i & cng ngy
cng lan rng ra (xy ra vi bnh rng c cng HB )
- Ch : Vi cc b truyn khng bi trn hoc bi trn khng u th khng
c hin tng trc r m ch c mn.
+ Tc hi
- Lm b mt rng sn si & lm tng ti trng ng
- Khi n khp lm vic c ting n

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+ Gim trc r :
- Nng cao cng b mt bng cch nhit luyn.
- Nng cao nhn b mt , gim bt cc vt xc khi gia cng.
- Tng gc n khp bng cch dch chnh hoc gia cng bnh rng bng dao
c gc n khp ln.
+ Tnh : [ ]
3.4.Dnh (Xc).
+ Nguyn nhn xy ra : Ti trng ln , vn tc cao , khi rng trt tip xc nhau
xut hin nhit . Trong qu trnh chuyn ng bnh rng no c c tnh yu
hn th chy do ra & dnh vo b mt kia.
+ Ni xy ra: Dnh xy ra ln cn tm n khp (vng gia rng) & thng xy
ra nu hai bnh rng cng vt liu hoc khng ti b mt.
+ Trnh dnh :
- Ging nh mn & dng du cn dnh.
- Lm ngui qua bi trn .
+ Tnh dnh : cha c cch tnh.
3.5.Bin dng do
+ Nguyn nhn xy ra : xy ra khi ti trng ln , vn tc nh & c tnh ca vt
liu khng m bo.
i vi bnh dn : vt liu b li v nh & chn.
i vi bnh b dn : vt liu b ko v gia.
3.6. Bong b mt
Nguyn nhn : do cht lng nhit luyn hoc ho nhit luyn khng tt hoc
ni ng sut bn trong ln bong tng mnh kim loi trn b mt ra.
*KT LUN
- 6 dng hng ny xy ra ng thi & tu tng trng hp m dng hng ny
xy ra khc lit hn dng kia .
- Ngy nay ngi ta ch tnh theo hai trng hp l tnh theo ng sut tip xc
& ng xut un.
[ ] & [ ]
- Ngoi ra ngi ta cn kim tra ng sut tip xc khi qu ti & ng sut un
khi qu ti trnh bin dng do ( ).

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4 Tnh b truyn bnh tr rng thng
4.1.Lc tc dng
Chng ta cn phi tha nhn hai gi thit sau y :
- Gi thit b qua lc ma st (lc ny vung gc vi b mt rng ) .
- Bn thn lc l phn b u , trong qu trnh tnh ton coi l lc tp chung &
tnh ti tm n khp.
+ Cch tnh
Lc vng : = =
Lc hng tm : = =
Lc php tuyn : =
4.2.Tnh theo ng sut tip xc
Mc ch : nhm hn ch dng hng trc s .
= 0.418 * [ ] (Hc 1811)
xy ra khi ( ).
Hoc
= . [ ] (Cng thc tng qut).
: H s xt n c tnh ca vt liu
=

(cng thc ny ni ln bnh rng 1 & bnh rng 2 cha chc phi l thp).
0.25 0.33 (H s Potsng).
E = 2.15 * (Mun n hi).
Nu chn ta c = 275






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* Tnh q
n


- ti trng ring trn mt n v chiu di tip xc quy c

=
Tng chiu di ng tip xc .
c mt cp rng n khp .
c hai cp rng n khp .
( h s xt n tng chiu di tip xc ).
= ( )
= .
( )
Thay tt c vo ta c :
=
*Tnh bn knh cong
hay



Ly du + khi 2 bnh rng n khp ngoi
Ly du - khi 2 bnh rng n khp ngoi
Thay & vo cng thc ta c :
[ ]
Gi - H s xt n hnh dng ca b mt tip xc.

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*Ch
- Nu trong trng hp :

(dch chnh cu)

L h s dch chnh dao ca bnh 1
L h s dch chnh dao ca bnh 2
- Th lc ny : . [ ]
lc vng,
( Vi bnh rng thng th = 1 )
- Khi trnh hin tng trc r xy ra :
a = =


- i vi bnh rng thng
= 1.76

)
(Tm ra )
(Tm ra a) a = 50 .
H s chiu rng bnh rng .
. Mun tng c hai cch
b tng( Bnh rng kh m tip xc ht chiu di bnh rng )
a gim (ng knh nh i ln )

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Nh vy
- Nu tng m bo c iu kin lm vic th cng vng ca trc
phi ln & b truyn ch to chnh xc.
- Khng nn chn ln i vi bnh rng lm bng vt liu khng chy
mn c hoc lp lch so vi , hoc lp cng son .
- i vi hp gim tc nn chn ca cp sau ln hn cp trc bnh
rng ln t b chnh lch , bi trn cho d (thng th i vi
bnh rng b tr i xng ; i vi bnh rng b tr khng i
xng ) .
Mi quan h :
dng kim tra ,
Ly modun (m) : m = (0.010.02)a (khng nn chn m < 1.5)
i vi bnh rng rng thng th s rng ti thiu trnh hin tng ct chn
rng l . (Nu lm vic vi vn tc cao th rng (n >
1000 v/pht ) . Nu nh hn khi gia cng s xy ra hin tng ct chn rng .
Trong mi trng hp nn hn ch :
- Bnh rng thng : 1
- Bnh rng nghing : 1.5
- Bnh rng ch V : 2.5
Nu dch chnh th z c th nh hn 17 .
x = 2 th z = 12 13










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4.3.Tnh bnh rng theo ng sut un ( ) (Hn ch trng hp gy rng)
- Nu t ti nh rng khi lc ny c hai cp rng n khp , nn
mi cp rng chu mt lc /2.
- V sau khi ch to ta cn vt nh rng i nn
- ng sut un thc t phi bng ng sut un l thuyt x h s tp chung l
thuyt .
- Trt lc v tm ng n khp ta c c hai thnh phn :
. & . .
. gy ra ng sut nn chn rng
. gy nn ng sut un chn rng : =
Tt c cc vct ny u cng phng khc chiu Cng tt c cc biu
ny vi nhau ta c biu

= m


+ Khi k n s nh hng ca th :
.
t l = e.m ; S = g.m (e , g l cc h s)
h s tp chung l thuyt
.
t = - (H s dng rng)
Nu thay : Th = .
Do s rng khc nhau ln :
= .
= .
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+ V t l vi nhau nn :
+ Khi thit k (m bo vi b truyn nh hoc khng bi trn) th t :
hoc
m 1.4 (mm)
Sau tra modun theo tiu chun :
HB < 350 .
Nu lp cng son : .
HB > 350 .
Nu lp cng son : .
* Mt vi ch
- Chiu di bnh rng nh > chiu di bnh rng ln
(Khi thit k th chng ta ly )
- Chn modun : khi m nh m d = m.z khng thay i z ln lm vic
m (tc s rng nm trong vng n khp cng nhiu & h s ln) . Lc ma
st nh tn tht ma st nh (m < 1.5) .
- Khi m ln rng to , bn mn ln lm vic lu khi c trc r & t
chu nh hng ca ng nht vt liu .












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5 TNH SC BN BNH RNG TR RNG NGHING HNH CH V
5.1.Cc quan h hnh hc
- Cc thng s ca bnh rng nghing c o trn tit din mt u .
- Vic ch to bnh rng nghing ngi ta dng dao nh bnh rng thng nhng
phi c nh i gc dn ti modun php tuyn ( ) c TCH :
;
- ng knh vng chia :
. z
- Khong cch trc :
a = = =
( Khong cch trc bnh rng nghing < bnh rng thng ) .




















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5.2.Lc tc dng
















- Ct bng mt mt phng vung gc vi rng ( ) & tri ra .
Rng n tc dng ln rng kia mt lc php tuyn . Chia thnh v
(gm ) .
- Lc vng : =
- Lc dc trc :
- Lc hng tm : = (khi =0)
- Lc php tuyn :







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5.3.Cc c im trong tnh ton sc bn bnh rng nghing
- B truyn bnh rng nghing n khp m , ti trng ng gim .
- B truyn bnh rng nghing tip xc t im ln ng & trong cng mt
thi im c nhiu on rng cng n khp.
- B truyn bnh rng nghing c th n khp lin tc ngay c khi min
l h s trng khp dc ( Ct & tri ra ) . (v ct qua
)
- C nhiu i rng cng n khp cng mt lc nn tng chiu di ng tip
xc thay i ( thay i ) : ( ng vi l s nguyn) .
+ Nu l s nguyn th chiu di ca i rng ra khp gim bao
nhiu th chiu di i rng vo khp gim by nhiu
+ Khi khng l s nguyn
Trong : i vi bnh rng nghing .
i vi bnh rng ch V .

Ti trng ring ca bnh rng ring < bnh rng thng .
- ng tip xc ca bnh rng nghing cho t chn ln nh & ti trng phn
b trn rng khng u. Ti trng tp chung ln nht ti vng tm n khp.
- Bn knh cong ca cc im dc theo ng tip xc thay i lin tc. V vy
ng sut ti cc dim khc nhau.
- Gii thch : Ti vng gia 2 rng n khp u , cng ln nht nn ti
trng tp chung l ln nht .









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5.4.Tnh bnh rng theo sc bn tip xc














a. Xt bnh rng tng ng
- Bn knh trc di : a =
- Bn knh trc ngn : c =
Bn knh cong ca elip ti im E :
Dng lm ng knh ca mt vng trn bnh rng thng tng ng :

S rng tng ng : = =
Mun bng mun php tuyn ca bnh rng nghing ( )
- Bn knh cong dc theo ng tip xc th thay i lin tc . V vy ng sut
tip xc ti cc im l khc nhau .
- Vt gy ca bnh rng nghing thng nm cho t chn ln nh .
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- Nu tng gc nghing lc dc trc tng ( khng c li v trc & )
nn ta chn .
- Nu mt trc mang mt bnh rng nghing m gc th cho php
dng thay chn .
b.Tnh theo ng sut tip xc
( Tnh theo bnh rng thng nhng k n c im ca bnh rng nghing )
Mc ch cui cng :

H s xt n c tnh ca vt liu
- H s xt n hnh dng b mt tip xc :
i vi bnh rng nghing :
i vi bnh rng thng :
- H s xt n tng chiu di ng tip xc :
i vi bnh rng nghing :
i vi bnh rng thng :
- H s xt n s phn b ti trng khng u gia cc rng .
- H s xt n s phn b ti trng khng u trn sut chiu di bnh
rng .
- H s xt n nh hng ca ti trng ng .
- Nu b truyn bnh rng nghing khng dch chnh tc gc n khp
( ) . t &

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V a = 43(u ).


c. Tnh theo ng sut un
( Tnh tng t bnh rng thng nhng c k n cc c im ca bnh rng
nghing . Do tng chiu di tip xc ca bnh rng nghing ln hn bnh rng
thng & gy t chn ln nh do ng sut un sinh ra trn bnh rng nn nh
hn bnh rng thng ) .

: Mmen xon
b : Chiu rng bnh rng
: ng knh vng chia bnh nh
: H s dng rng
: H s xt n s nh hng ca h s trng khp
: H s xt n nh hng gc nghing ca rng .
d.Tnh theo ng sut tip xc & ng sut un khi qu ti











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6 : TRUYN NG BNH RNG NN (BNH RNG CN)
6.1.Khi nim
- Truyn ng bnh rng nn l truyn ng gia hai trc vung gc vi nhau
- So vi bnh rng tr bnh rng nn c kch thc ln hn & khi lng ln hn .
- Ch to phc tp hn & khi lp ghp yu cu chnh xc theo phng dc trc .
- C bnh rng cn rng thng , rng nghing & rng cong ( cn xon) .
6.2 Cc quan h hnh hc
- Cc thng s ca bnh rng nn c o ti :
Mt nt y ln ( )
Tit din trung bnh (m)
- T s truyn u :
u =
- Chiu di nn :
= =
Vy : 0.5
- Chiu rng vnh rng (b) : b & b 10 .
6.3 Lc tc dng
- Gi thit :
B qua lc ma st .
Coi lc tp chung gia rng .
- Ct theo phng m-n & tri ra ta c : & ( ) .
- Lc vng :
- Lc php tuyn : ;
- Lc chiu trc :
- Lc hng tm :


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Nhn xt : Lc dc trc ca bnh rng ny bng lc hng tm bnh rng kia &
ngc li ( trong b truyn bnh rng nn do c lc dc trc nn kt cu
phc tp hn )


6.4 Cc c im trong qu trnh tnh
- Knh thc tit din rng ca bnh rng nn t l thun vi khong cch t tit
din ti nh nn . Do cng un khng thay i theo kch thc tit
din & ti trng phn b trn rng khng u , ti trng phn b theo hnh thang
& trng tm lch v pha y ln . Trong tnh ton TTTT a v gia rng do
lc s hi ln hn mt cht & an ton trong tnh ton .
- ng sut tip xc & ng sut un ti mi tit din l nh nhau nn trong tnh
ton chng ta tnh ti tit din trung bnh
- a b truyn bnh rng nn v b truyn bnh rng thng tng ng .
Phng php a ( phng php Trit gn) : tng tng b co dn ti mt im
ton b bnh rng nn co li thnh mt hnh nn . Ta tin hnh ct nn & tri
ra . Lc ny ta s c hai hnh trn khuyt mt t ( chnh l hai bnh rng tng
ng ) vi cc thng s sau :
Mun l mun trung bnh :
ng knh :
S rng :
T s truyn :
6.5 Tnh theo ng sut tip xc

* Bn knh cong:



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M

Thay vo ta c :
* Tnh :

Trong : : H s xt n tng chiu di ng tip xc .
Lc ny :
(0.85 l h s k n b truyn bnh rng nn thng hng trc b truyn
bnh rng thng tng ng)
: H s xt n nh hng ca c tnh vt liu .
: H s xt n b mt hnh dng tip xc .
: H s xt n tng chiu di ng tip xc.
.
t :

* Tnh : Chiu di nn .

: H s truyn rng vnh rng .
6.6 Tnh theo ng sut un
Hon ton nh bnh rng thng tng ng .

: H s dng rng ( tra theo s rng tng ng)
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: H s xt n s nh hng ca nghing bnh rng .
: H s xt n s nh hng ca h s trng khp .




VN DCH CHNH BNH RNG (c thm)
nh ngha : Dch chnh bnh rng l dng on thn khai khc lm bin hnh
bnh rng .
u im :
- B truyn bnh rng dch chnh c bn cao hn khng dch chnh , sc
bn tip xc tng 25% .
- Khi tm n khp nm trong vng hai i rng n khp th sc bn tip xc
tng 50% .
- Chng mn , chng dnh rng .
- iu chnh c khong cch trc .
Khuyt im :
- Lm cho dng rng thay i .
Phn loi : C hai loi
a. Dch chnh u
- Bnh nh dch dao dng ( ) .
- Bnh ln dch dao m ( ) .
& .
Kt qu
- Khong cch trc khng thay i & gc khng thay i .
- Chiu dy ca bnh nh tng ln trn ng knh vng trn chia th b ln
gim nhng tng dy khng thay i .
b. Dch chnh gc
- Bnh nh dch dao dng ( ) .
- Bnh ln dch dao m ( ) .
.
Kt qu dch chnh :
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- Chiu dy bnh rng nh & bnh rng ln tng trn vng trn chia ( > )
- Chiu rng rnh gim i trn vng trn chia ( < ) .
Khong cch trc mi : ln hn khong cch trc c
& .
Mt s ch
- Dch chnh dng lm tng sc bn un chn rng ( do chn rng to ra )
gim c hin tng ct chn rng .
Nguyn l my chng minh : z > 17 s khng xy ra hin tng ct chn
rng . Nu dch chnh z c th : z = 7 hoc z = 8 m vn khng b ct rng .
- Dch chnh gc lm tng sc b tip xc :
Chng minh
m : .
Do dch chnh dn n tng gim gim sc bn tip xc tng
- Khi s rng ca bnh nh & bnh ln l qu ln th vic dch chnh khng
tc dng .
Chng minh
Thanh rng l bnh rng vi R =
Thanh rng nu dao c li ra hay li vo th bin dng vn l hnh tr . Tc d
khng c ngha .
i vi bnh rng c z > 100 th khi dch chnh rng s gn nh on thng .
Trong trng hp ny phi dng dao c gc profin ln .
- Khi dch chnh lm cho h s trng khp gim tng . i vi bnh
rng nghing : tng chiu di ng tip xc gim lm gim
kh nng ti ca bnh rng nghing .
- Vi cc b truyn kn m kh nng ti c quyt nh bi ng sut tip xc
th dch chnh lm tng bn knh cong ti tm n khp v vy nn chn
tht ln .
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- Nu b truyn c quyt nh bi sc bn un th nn chn dch chnh ca
bnh nh & bnh ln m bo sc bn u (tc bnh nh hng th bnh ln
cng hng ) .
- Vi cc b truyn m kh nng ti b hn ch bi mn & dnh th dch chnh
lm cho s chnh lch vn tc trt im vo khp v ra khp gim mn
& dnh gim .
- Thng dch chnh ch p dng cho bnh rng thng t dng cho bnh rng
nghing ( bi v sc b bnh rng nghing > sc bn bnh rng thng&
chng ta c th m bo khong cch trc bng cch thay i gc nghing
)& t dng vi bnh rng nn ( mun tng gim kh nng ti ta iu chnh
chiu di nn R ) .
H s dch chnh theo tiu chun ISO & TC66 .
- : khng dch chnh .
-
dch chnh u : & .
dch chnh gc :
& .
- X = th 30 < < 60 .
- X < 0.9 khi




26
CHNG: TRUYN NG TRC VT
1 : Khi nim chung
Mc ch : Truyn truyn ng gia hai trc cho nhau & gc cho thng l
.
u im :
- T s truyn ln : u t ti 1000 , thng thng t 8 100 .
- Lm vic iu ho t n ( c trng hp t hm c).
Khuyt im :
- Hiu sut thp : ( do trt dc rng ) .
- Thng thng phi dng vt liu gim ma st . V d nh bnh vt lm bng
thanh ng .
Pham vi s dng :
- Dng vi cng sut nh & trung bnh , thng 50 KW .
- Dng cho cc my cng c .
- Dng trong cc cn cu loi nh , hoc my trc .
Gc nng ca ren :

Gc nng ca bnh vt i vi trc vt : Quy c bng gc ca cung trn c
ng knh bng : .

Thng th gc 28 .
Khong cch trc :

Vn dch chnh : ch dch chnh bnh vt , khng nn c qu trnh
hin tng ct chn rng .

27
3 : NG HC CA B TRUYN TRC VT BNH VT
1, Vn tc & t s truyn .
- Nu trc vt quay c qu mt vng th bnh vt quay c : ( vng ) .
Nu trc vt quay c mt vng th bnh vt quay c : (
vng ) .
- T s truyn : u
Cch 1 :
&
u .
Cch 2 :
& S

Trong trng hp ny t s truyn ca trc vt & bnh vt khng bng t s gia
hai ng knh vng chia ca bnh vt & trc vt m ch bng t s gia s rng
ca bnh vt chia cho trc vt do t s truyn rt ln .



M lc ny :

28

Trong :
- : l vn tc vng ca trc vt .
- : l vn tc vng ca bnh vt .
Nhn xt : Vn tc trt ln hn ( vn tc trt ca trc vt ) . Do b
truyn trc vt c hai dng trt : trt dc rng & trt theo bin hnh
B truyn trc vt b mn & sinh nhit .
4 : LC TC DNG
Gi thit :
- B qua lc ma st .
- Lc tp chung ti tm n khp .
- Phn tch lc ging nh bnh rng nghing .
Nhn xt :





5 : CC DNG HNG
Trong b truyn trc vt c y cc dng hng nh b truyn bnh rng
nhng do vn tc trt ln sinh nhit nhiu & iu kin hnh thnh cc mng
du bi trn khng thun li nn c hai dng hng l dnh & mn .
1, Dnh :
- Xy ra i vi bnh vt lm bng vt liu rn (ng thanh , nhm , st , gang
) khi kim loi ca bnh vt s bong ra& dnh vo trc vt lm cho b mt
ca trc vt sn si .
29
Cch chng dnh :

+ Nng cao nhn ca b mt rng .
+ Chn vt liu c tnh cn ma st cao hoc dng du cn dnh .
Nu vung gc vi ng tip xc th hnh thnh mng du l tt nht .
- Hin tng dnh xy ra nhiu mt phng dnh & ln cn mt phng dnh .
- Nu nh bnh vt lm bng vt liu mm th hin tng dnh t , vl bnh vt
quyt u lin trc vt nn b mt trc vt t sn si .
2, Mn
Trong trc vt c hai dng trt l trt do rng & trt bin hnh nn b
truyn trc vt mn nhiu .
3, Trc d
- t xy ra .
- Xy ra khi chng dnh tt .
Kt lun :
1. Hin tng dnh & mn xy ra nhiu nhng ngy nay cha c phng
php no tnh chnh xc v vy phi tnh theo . ( ngi ta phi
dch mt cch hp l ) .
2. Tnh theo ng sut un ch mang tnh cht kim nghim & ch c ngha
> 100 rng hoc trong b truyn quay tay .
3. Trc vt c ng knh tit din nh nhng trc li di , khong cch xa
, do cn phi kim nghim sc bn thn trc vt.
4. Chng ta tnh ton cho trc Acimet nhng khi t kh nng ti nh nhau
c th dng cho trc vt khc .

6 : TNH SC BN TRC VT
1, Ti trng tnh ton & h s ti trng .
Ti trng phn b khng u ging nh bnh rng nghing
a, H s ti trng phn b khng u :
.
Trong :
30
: Ti trng ring do bin dng n hi & do sai s trong ch to lp rp ,
gy ra .
: Bin dng hay chuyn v n hi do vng ca trc vt gy ra .
: Chuyn v htb trn ng tip xc .
: Ti trng ring trn ng tip xc .
Nguyn nhn :
- Do vng ca trc gy ra .
- Kh nng chy mn ( nu chy mn c mt thi gian th ti trng s phn
b u hn & ph thuc vo ) .


: S rng bnh vt
: H s bin dng ca trc vt ( ph thuc vo ) .
: Mmen xon trung bnh trn trc vt .
: Mmen xon ln nht trong cc mmen .
: Thi gian lm vic .
: S vng quay .
b,: H s ti trng ng
- Do sai s ch to & lp ghp .
- Ph thuc vo vn tc ca b truyn .

Trong :
: Ti trng ring .
q : Ti trng ngoi .
Khi th .
31
Khi th .
V vy :
2, Tnh theo ng sut tip xc
- Hin nay cha c phng php no tnh chnh xc do chng ta tnh nh
b truyn bnh ring (u c thay bng ) . Bnh rng nghing thnh bnh
rng thng phi dng bnh rng tng ng .
- Chng ta tnh ti mt phng dnh ( trc vt coi nh thanh rng ) . Bnh vit l
bnh rng nghing . Bnh rng nghing c chiu dy bng
.


- Tnh :

: Thanh rng bn knh cong bng .

.
Thay vo ta c :
- Tnh q :

m :


32




Tnh cho bnh vt :
- Tnh E :
Mun n hi tng ng :
Chn

( v gc ) khi

- Tnh a :



(mm) .
Ch thch :



33
: H s bin dng ca trc vt ph thucvo z & q .
: Mmen xon , thi gian lm vic ( ) , s vng quay ca bnh vt ch
i .
: -
3, Tnh theo sc bn un.
- Vic tnh theo ng sut un ch tnh vi rng ca bnh vt .
- Vic tnh theo ng sut un rt phc tp v tit din rng lun thay i (do
chn rng cong & ng tip xc vi rng t chn ti nh).
V vy chng tnh tng ng nh bnh rng nghing ( thay ) .


khi : h s xt n nh hng
ca gc nghing ca rng .
m : h s xt n nh
hng ca h s trng khp .
: h s dng rng tra theo s rng tng ng :
: mun php tuyn ( ) .
4, Kim nghim bn bnh vt khi qu ti .


: H s qu ti . Trnh bin dng d & dnh rng .

34
7 : TNH NHIT & LM NGUI TRUYN NG TRC VT
Trong b truyn trc vt do c hai dng trt do sinh nhit nhiu & lm nng
b truyn . Nhit cao lm gim nht ca du , gim kh nng bo v
mng du .
Nguyn tc tnh nhit :
- Nhit sinh ra nhit to i Tm ra nhit thc t .
Nu nhit thc < nhit cho php th m bo .
Nu nhit thc > nhit cho php th phi lm mt ( khi lm mt trong
chng ta phi tnh li kim tra ).
Tnh nhit sinh ra :





Trong :427 l ng lng cng ca nhit .
Tnh nhit to i :
Trong :
: H s to nhit , ( )
A : Din tch b mt to nhit , ( a : khong cch trc ).
: Nhit mi trng xung quanh .
: Nhit du bi trn .
- Nu c cc gn cnh to nhit th ly thm 50 % din tch ca b mt gn
cnh ( hay tng ) .
35
- : H s xt n s thot nhit qua y hp .
Theo nguyn tc :

: H s xt n s gim nhit sinh ra trong mt n v thi gian do lm vic
khng lin tc hoc lm vic non ti :
.
Trong
: Chu k ti trng
: Cng sut trong ch i
: Thi gian lm vic trong ch i .
dao ng
Nu th tin hnh lm mt ri sau tin hnh tnh li . Lc ny :
= ?

: Din tch to nhit nh qut gi .
: H s to nhit nh qut gi chn theo ch vng quay ca
qut :

750 1000 1500 3000

17 21 29 40

Bi trn
- Ngm ngp cao hn ren trc vt hoc ngm bn knh bnh vt nu bnh
vt nm di .
- Lng du vo thng dao ng t lt .
36
- Nu th bi trn bng phng php phun du .
- i vi (1500 ) ngm du ti tm ca ca bnh vt .

8 : HIU SUT CA B TRUYN TRC VT

Hiu sut ca b truyn trc vt :

Nhn xt :
Mun tng chng ta tng hoc gim
( q h s ng knh) .
Tng :
- Tng v ( ) tng B truyn cng knh .
- q gim ( q = 8 ) gim gim cng vng ca thn
trc vt .
( ) ln , tc ln th rt kh ch to , nn ta quy nh
.
khi th .
Gim : gc ma st tng ng :
(H s ma st ph thuc vo cp vt liu , ph thuc vo cht lng b mt ,
ph thuc vo bi trn & vn tc trt ) .
Khi vt liu trt tng cht mng du tt ln gc ma st gim Hiu
sut ca bnh vt & trc vt lun lun thp .
T hm : , chc chn :
- Nu ngm trong du : ( trc vt dn ng ).
37
- Nu bnh vt dn ng : . Hiu sut thp
thng




4.2.Tnh theo ng sut tip xc
Mc ch : nhm hn ch dng hng trc r
= 0.418 * [ ] (Hc 1811)
xy ra khi ( ).
Hoc = . [ ] (Cng thc tng qut).

: H s xt n c tnh ca vt liu
= (cng thc ny ni ln bnh rng 1 & bnh rng
2 cha chc phi l thp).
0.25 0.33 (H s Potsng).
E = 2.15 * (Mun n hi).
Nu chn ta c = 275
- ti trng ring trn mt n v chiu di tip xc quy c.
=
Tng chiu di ng tip xc .
c mt cp rng n khp .
c hai cp rng n khp .
( h s xt n tng chiu di tip xc ).
38
= ( )
= .
( )
Thay tt c vo ta c :
=
Tnh bn knh cong
hay



+ tx l ngoi
- tx l trong
Thay & vo cng thc ta c :
[ ]
Gi - H s xt n hnh dng ca b mt tip xc.
Nu trong trng hp :

(dch chnh cu)

L h s dch chnh dao ca bnh 1
L h s dch chnh dao ca bnh 2
Th lc ny : . [ ]
lc vng ,
39
( Vi bnh rng thng th = 1 )
+) Khi trnh hin tng trc r xy ra :
a = =


Ch : i vi bnh rng thng .
= 1.76

)
(Tm ra )
(Tm ra a)

a = 50 .
H s chiu rng bnh rng .
. Mun tng c hai cch :
b tng( Bnh rng kh m tip xc ht chiu di bnh rng )
a gim (ng knh nh i ln )
Nh vy:
- Nu tng m bo c iu kin lm vic th cng vng ca trc
phi ln & b truyn ch to chnh xc.
- Khng nn chn ln i vi bnh rng lm bng vt liu khng chy
mn c hoc lp lch so vi , hoc lp cng son .
- i vi hp gim tc nn chn ca cp sau ln hn cp trc bnh
rng ln t b chnh lch , bi trn cho d (thng th i vi
bnh rng b tr i xng ; i vi bnh rng b tr khng
i xng ) .
40
Mi quan h :
dng kim tra ,
Ly modun (m) : m = (0.010.02)a (khng nn chn m < 1.5)
i vi bnh rng rng thng th s rng ti thiu trnh hin tng ct chn
rng l . (Nu lm vic vi vn tc cao th rng (n >
1000 v/pht ) . Nu nh hn khi gia cng s xy ra hin tng ct chn rng .
Trong mi trng hp nn hn ch :
- Bnh rng thng : 1
- Bnh rng nghing : 1.5
- Bnh rng ch V : 2.5
Nu dch chnh th z c th nh hn 17 .
x = 2 th z = 12 13
3,Tnh bnh rng theo ng sut un ( ) (Hn ch trng hp gy rng)
- Nu t ti nh rng khi lc ny c hai cp rng n khp , nn
mi cp rng chu mt lc /2.
- V sau khi ch to ta cn vt nh rng i nn
- ng sut un thc t phi bng ng sut un l thuyt x h s tp chung l
thuyt .
- Trt lc v tm ng n khp ta c c hai thnh phn : . &
. .
. gy ra ng sut nn chn rng
. gy nn ng sut un chn rng : =
Tt c cc vct ny u cng phng khc chiu Cng tt c cc biu
ny vi nhau ta c biu
=
m

41
Khi k n s nh hng ca th :
.
t l = e.m ; S = g.m
Trong e , g l cc h s
h s tp chung l thuyt


.
t = - H s dng rng .
Nu thay :
Th = .
Do s rng khc nhau ln :
= .
= .
V t l vi nhau ln :

Khi thit k ( m bo vi b truyn nh hoc khng bi trn) th t :
hoc
m 1.4 (mm)
Sau tra modun theo tiu chun :
HB < 350 .
Nu lp cng son : .
HB > 350 .
Nu lp cng son : .
Mt vi ch :
42
- Chiu di bnh rng nh > chiu di bnh rng ln :
( Khi thit k th chng ta ly )
- Chn modun : khi m nh m d = m.z khng thay i z ln lm vic
m (tc s rng nm trong vng n khp cng nhiu & h s ln) . Lc ma
st nh tn tht ma st nh (m < 1.5) .
- Khi m ln rng to , bn mn ln lm vic lu khi c trc r & t
chu nh hng ca ng nht vt liu .
5 : TNH SC BN BNH RNG TR RNG NGHING HNH CH V
1.Cc quan h hnh hc
- Cc thng s ca bnh rng nghing c o trn tit din mt u .
- Vic ch to bnh rng nghing ngi ta dng dao nh bnh rng thng nhng
phi c nh i gc dn ti modun php tuyn ( ) c TCH :
;
- ng knh vng chia : .z
- Khong cch trc : a = = =
( Khong cch trc bnh rng nghing < bnh rng thng ) .
2.Lc tc dng :
- Ct bng mt mt phng vung gc vi rng ( ) & tri ra .
Rng n tc dng ln rng kia mt lc php tuyn . Chia thnh v
(gm ) .
- Lc vng : =
- Lc dc trc :
- Lc hng tm : =
- Lc php tuyn :
3.Cc c im trong tnh ton sc bn bnh rng nghing .
- B truyn bnh rng nghing n khp m , ti trng ng gim .
- B truyn bnh rng nghing tip xc t im ln ng & trong cng mt
thi im c nhiu on rng cng n khp .
43
- B truyn bnh rng nghing c th n khp lin tc ngay c khi min
l h s trng khp dc ( Ct & tri ra ) .
(v ct qua )
- Do nhu on rng cng n khp cng mt lc nn tng chiu di ng tip
xc thay i ( thay i ) : ( ng vi l s nguyn) .
- Nu l s nguyn th chiu di ca i rng ra khp gim bao nhiu th
chiu di i rng vo khp gim by nhiu
- Khi khng l s nguyn :

Trong : i vi bnh rng nghing .
i vi bnh rng ch V .
Ti trng ring ca bnh rng ring < bnh rng thng .
- ng tip xc ca bnh rng nghing cho t chn ln nh & ti trng
phn b trn rng khng u.
Gii thch : Ti vng gia 2 rng n khp u , cng ln nht nn
ti trng tp chung l ln nht .
4.Tnh bnh rng theo sc bn tip xc
a. Xt bnh rng tng ng
- Bn knh trc di : a =
- Bn knh trc ngn : c =
Bn knh cong ca elip ti im E :
Dng lm ng knh ca mt vng trn bnh rng thng tng ng :

S rng tng ng : = =
Mun bng mun php tuyn ca bnh rng nghing ( )
- Bn knh cong dc theo ng tip xc th thay i lin tc . V vy ng sut
tip xc ti cc im l khc nhau .
44
- Vt gy ca bnh rng nghing thng nm cho t chn ln nh .
- Nu tng gc nghing lc dc trc tng ( khng c li v trc & )
nn ta chn .
- Nu mt trc mang mt bnh rng nghing m gc th cho php
dng thay chn .
b,Tnh theo ng sut tip xc
( Tnh theo bnh rng thng nhng k n c im ca bnh rng nghing )
Mc ch cui cng :

H s xt n c tnh ca vt liu
- H s xt n hnh dng b mt tip xc :
i vi bnh rng nghing :
i vi bnh rng thng :
- H s xt n tng chiu di ng tip xc :
i vi bnh rng nghing :
i vi bnh rng thng :
- H s xt n s phn b ti trng khng u gia cc rng .
- H s xt n s phn b ti trng khng u trn sut chiu di bnh
rng .
- H s xt n nh hng ca ti trng ng .
- Nu b truyn bnh rng nghing khng dch chnh tc gc n khp
( ) . t &

45
V a = 43(u ).
C; Tnh theo ng sut un
( Tnh tng t bnh rng thng nhng c k n cc c im ca bnh rng
nghing . Do tng chiu di tip xc ca bnh rng nghing ln hn bnh rng
thng & gy t chn ln nh do ng sut un sinh ra trn bnh rng nn nh
hn bnh rng thng ) .

: Mmen xon
b : Chiu rng bnh rng
: ng knh vng chia bnh nh
: H s dng rng
: H s xt n s nh hng ca h s trng khp
: H s xt n nh hng gc nghing ca rng .
d, Tnh theo ng sut tip xc & ng sut un khi qu ti



6 : TRUYN NG BNH RNG NN (BNH RNG CN)
1, Khi nim
- Truyn ng bnh rng nn l truyn ng gia hai trc vung gc vi nhau
.
- So vi bnh rng tr bnh rng nn c kch thc ln hn & khi lng ln
hn .
- Ch to phc tp hn & khi lp ghp yu cu chnh xc theo phng dc
trc .
- C bnh rng cn rng thng , rng nghing & rng cong ( cn xon) .
2, Cc quan h hnh hc
Cc thng s ca bnh rng nn c o ti :
46
Mt nt y ln ( )
Tit din trung bnh (m)
- T s truyn u : u =
- Chiu di nn :
= =

Vy : 0.5

- Chiu rng vnh rng (b) : b & b 10 .
3, Lc tc dng
- Gi thit :
B qua lc ma st .
Coi lc tp chung gia rng .
- Ct theo phng m-n & tri ra ta c : & ( ) .
- Lc vng :
- Lc php tuyn : ;
- Lc chiu trc :
- Lc hng tm :
Nhn xt : Lc dc trc ca bnh rng ny bng lc hng tm bnh rng
kia & ngc li ( trong b truyn bnh rng nn do c lc dc trc nn
kt cu phc tp hn )
4, Cc c im trong qu trnh tnh
- Knh thc tit din rng ca bnh rng nn t l thun vi khong cch t
tit din ti nh nn . Do cng un khng thay i theo kch thc
tit din & ti trng phn b trn rng khng u , ti trng phn b theo
hnh thang & trng tm lch v pha y ln . Trong tnh ton TTTT a v
gia rng do lc s hi ln hn mt cht & an ton trong tnh ton .
- ng sut tip xc & ng sut un ti mi tit din l nh nhau nn trong tnh
ton chng ta tnh li .
47
- a b truyn bnh rng nn v b truyn bnh rng thng tng ng .
Phng php a ( phng php Trit gn) : tng tng b co dn ti mt
im ton b bnh rng nn co li thnh mt hnh nn . Ta tin hnh ct
nn & tri ra . Lc ny ta s c hai hnh trn khuyt mt t ( chnh l hai
bnh rng tng ng ) vi cc thng s sau :
Mun l mun trung bnh :
ng knh :
S rng :
T s truyn :
5, Tnh theo ng sut tip xc

Bn knh cong :



M

Thay vo ta c :
Tnh :

Trong : : H s xt n tng chiu di ng tip xc .
Lc ny :
0.85 l h s k n b truyn bnh rng nn thng hng trc b truyn
bnh rng thng tng ng .
48
: H s xt n nh hng ca c tnh vt liu .
: H s xt n b mt hnh dng tip xc .
: H s xt n tng chiu di ng tip xc.
.
t :

: Chiu di nn .
: H s truyn rng vnh rng .
6, Tnh theo ng sut un
Hon ton nh bnh rng thng tng ng .

: H s dng rng ( tra theo s rng tng ng)
: H s xt n s nh hng ca nghing bnh rng .
: H s xt n s nh hng ca h s trng khp .

VN DCH CHNH BNH RNG
nh ngha : Dch chnh bnh rng l dng on thn khai khc lm bin hnh
bnh rng .
u im :
- B truyn bnh rng dch chnh c bn cao hn khng dch chnh , sc
bn tip xc tng 25% .
- Khi tm n khp nm trong vng hai i rng n khp th sc bn tip xc
tng 50% .
- Chng mn , chng dnh rng .
- iu chnh c khong cch trc .
Khuyt im :
49
- Lm cho dng rng thay i .
Phn loi : C hai loi :
c. Dch chnh u
- Bnh nh dch dao dng ( ) .
- Bnh ln dch dao m ( ) .
& .
Kt qu :
- Khong cch trc khng thay i & gc khng thay i .
- Chiu dy ca bnh nh tng ln trn ng knh vng trn chia th b ln
gim nhng tng dy khng thay i .
d. Dch chnh gc :
- Bnh nh dch dao dng ( ) .
- Bnh ln dch dao m ( ) .
.
Kt qu dch chnh :
- Chiu dy bnh rng nh & bnh rng ln tng trn vng trn chia ( > )
- Chiu rng rnh gim i trn vng trn chia ( < ) .
Khong cch trc mi : ln hn khong cch trc c
& .
Mt s ch :
- Dch chnh dng lm tng sc bn un chn rng ( do chn rng to ra )
gim c hin tng ct chn rng .
Nguyn l my chng minh : z > 17 s khng xy ra hin tng ct
chn rng . Nu dch chnh z c th : z = 7 hoc z = 8 m vn khng b ct
rng .
- Dch chnh gc lm tng sc b tip xc :
Chng minh :
m : .
50
Do dch chnh dn n tng gim gim sc bn tip
xc tng .
- Khi s rng ca bnh nh & bnh ln l qu ln th vic dch chnh khng
tc dng .
Chng minh :
Thanh rng l bnh rng vi R =
Thanh rng nu dao c li ra hay li vo th bin dng vn l hnh tr .
Tc d khng c ngha .
i vi bnh rng c z > 100 th khi dch chnh rng s gn nh on
thng . Trong trng hp ny phi dng dao c gc profin ln .
- Khi dch chnh lm cho h s trng khp gim tng . i vi bnh
rng nghing : tng chiu di ng tip xc gim lm gim
kh nng ti ca bnh rng nghing .
- Vi cc b truyn kn m kh nng ti c quyt nh bi ng sut tip xc
th dch chnh lm tng bn knh cong ti tm n khp v vy nn chn
tht ln .
- Nu b truyn c quyt nh bi sc bn un th nn chn dch chnh ca
bnh nh & bnh ln m bo sc bn u (tc bnh nh hng th bnh ln
cng hng ) .
- Vi cc b truyn m kh nng ti b hn ch bi mn & dnh th dch chnh
lm cho s chnh lch vn tc trt im vo khp v ra khp gim mn
& dnh gim .
- Thng dch chnh ch p dng cho bnh rng thng t dng cho bnh rng
nghing ( bi v sc b bnh rng nghing > sc bn bnh rng thng &
chng ta c th m bo khong cch trc bng cch thay i gc nghing
) & t dng vi bnh rng nn ( mun tng gim kh nng ti ta iu chnh
chiu di nn R ) .
H s dch chnh theo tiu chun ISO & TC66 .
- : khng dch chnh .
-
51
dch chnh u : &
.
dch chnh gc : &
.
- X = th 30 < < 60 .
- X < 0.9 khi
CHNG: TRUYN NG TRC VT
1 : Khi nim chung
Mc ch : Truyn truyn ng gia hai trc cho nhau & gc cho thng l
.
u im :
- T s truyn ln : u t ti 1000 , thng thng t 8 100 .
- Lm vic iu ho t n ( c trng hp t hm c).
Khuyt im :
- Hiu sut thp : ( do trt dc rng ) .
- Thng thng phi dng vt liu gim ma st . V d nh bnh vt lm bng
thanh ng .
Pham vi s dng :
- Dng vi cng sut nh & trung bnh , thng 50 KW .
- Dng cho cc my cng c .
- Dng trong cc cn cu loi nh , hoc my trc .
Gc nng ca ren :

Gc nng ca bnh vt i vi trc vt : Quy c bng gc ca cung trn c
ng knh bng : .

Thng th gc 28 .
52
Khong cch trc :

Vn dch chnh : ch dch chnh bnh vt , khng nn c qu trnh
hin tng ct chn rng .

3 : NG HC CA B TRUYN TRC VT BNH VT
1, Vn tc & t s truyn .
- Nu trc vt quay c qu mt vng th bnh vt quay c : ( vng ) .
Nu trc vt quay c mt vng th bnh vt quay c :
( vng ) .
- T s truyn : u
Cch 1 :
&
u .
Cch 2 :
& S

Trong trng hp ny t s truyn ca trc vt & bnh vt khng bng t
s gia hai ng knh vng chia ca bnh vt & trc vt m ch bng t
s gia s rng ca bnh vt chia cho trc vt do t s truyn rt ln
.



53
M lc ny :


Trong :
- : l vn tc vng ca trc vt .
- : l vn tc vng ca bnh vt .
Nhn xt : Vn tc trt ln hn ( vn tc trt ca trc vt ) . Do b
truyn trc vt c hai dng trt : trt dc rng & trt theo bin hnh
B truyn trc vt b mn & sinh nhit .
4 : LC TC DNG
Gi thit :
- B qua lc ma st .
- Lc tp chung ti tm n khp .
- Phn tch lc ging nh bnh rng nghing .
Nhn xt :





5 : CC DNG HNG
Trong b truyn trc vt c y cc dng hng nh b truyn bnh rng
nhng do vn tc trt ln sinh nhit nhiu & iu kin hnh thnh cc mng
du bi trn khng thun li nn c hai dng hng l dnh & mn .
1, Dnh :
54
- Xy ra i vi bnh vt lm bng vt liu rn (ng thanh , nhm , st , gang
) khi kim loi ca bnh vt s bong ra & dnh vo trc vt lm cho b mt
ca trc vt sn si .
Cch chng dnh :

+ Nng cao nhn ca b mt rng .
+ Chn vt liu c tnh cn ma st cao hoc dng du cn dnh .
Nu vung gc vi ng tip xc th hnh thnh mng du l tt nht
.
- Hin tng dnh xy ra nhiu mt phng dnh & ln cn mt phng dnh .
- Nu nh bnh vt lm bng vt liu mm th hin tng dnh t , vl bnh vt
quyt u lin trc vt nn b mt trc vt t sn si .
2, Mn
Trong trc vt c hai dng trt l trt do rng & trt bin hnh nn b
truyn trc vt mn nhiu .
3, Trc d
- t xy ra .
- Xy ra khi chng dnh tt .
Kt lun :
5. Hin tng dnh & mn xy ra nhiu nhng ngy nay cha c phng
php no tnh chnh xc v vy phi tnh theo . ( ngi ta phi
dch mt cch hp l ) .
6. Tnh theo ng sut un ch mang tnh cht kim nghim & ch c ngha
> 100 rng hoc trong b truyn quay tay .
7. Trc vt c ng knh tit din nh nhng trc li di , khong cch xa
, do cn phi kim nghim sc bn thn trc vt.
8. Chng ta tnh ton cho trc Acimet nhng khi t kh nng ti nh nhau
c th dng cho trc vt khc .

6 : TNH SC BN TRC VT
1, Ti trng tnh ton & h s ti trng .
Ti trng phn b khng u ging nh bnh rng nghing
55
a, H s ti trng phn b khng u :
.
Trong :
: Ti trng ring do bin dng n hi & do sai s trong ch to lp rp ,
gy ra .
: Bin dng hay chuyn v n hi do vng ca trc vt gy ra .
: Chuyn v htb trn ng tip xc .
: Ti trng ring trn ng tip xc .
Nguyn nhn :
- Do vng ca trc gy ra .
- Kh nng chy mn ( nu chy mn c mt thi gian th ti trng s phn
b u hn & ph thuc vo ) .


: S rng bnh vt
: H s bin dng ca trc vt ( ph thuc vo ) .
: Mmen xon trung bnh trn trc vt .
: Mmen xon ln nht trong cc mmen .
: Thi gian lm vic .
: S vng quay .
b,: H s ti trng ng
- Do sai s ch to & lp ghp .
- Ph thuc vo vn tc ca b truyn .

Trong :
: Ti trng ring .
56
q : Ti trng ngoi .
Khi th .
Khi th .
V vy :
2, Tnh theo ng sut tip xc
- Hin nay cha c phng php no tnh chnh xc do chng ta tnh nh
b truyn bnh ring (u c thay bng ) . Bnh rng nghing thnh
bnh rng thng phi dng bnh rng tng ng .
- Chng ta tnh ti mt phng dnh ( trc vt coi nh thanh rng ) . Bnh vit l
bnh rng nghing . Bnh rng nghing c chiu dy bng
.


- Tnh :

: Thanh rng bn knh cong bng .

.
Thay vo ta c :
- Tnh q :

m :


57




Tnh cho bnh vt :
- Tnh E :
Mun n hi tng ng :
Chn

( v gc ) khi


- Tnh a :



(mm) .
Ch thch :



: H s bin dng ca trc vt ph thucvo z & q .
58
: Mmen xon , thi gian lm vic ( ) , s vng quay ca bnh vt
ch i .
: -
3, Tnh theo sc bn un.
- Vic tnh theo ng sut un ch tnh vi rng ca bnh vt .
- Vic tnh theo ng sut un rt phc tp v tit din rng lun thay i (do
chn rng cong & ng tip xc vi rng t chn ti nh).
V vy chng tnh tng ng nh bnh rng nghing ( thay ) .


khi : h s xt n nh hng
ca gc nghing ca rng .
m : h s xt n nh
hng ca h s trng khp .
: h s dng rng tra theo s rng tng ng :
: mun php tuyn ( ) .
4, Kim nghim bn bnh vt khi qu ti .


: H s qu ti . Trnh bin dng d & dnh rng .

7 : TNH NHIT & LM NGUI TRUYN NG TRC VT
Trong b truyn trc vt do c hai dng trt do sinh nhit nhiu & lm nng
b truyn . Nhit cao lm gim nht ca du , gim kh nng bo v
mng du .
Nguyn tc tnh nhit :
59
- Nhit sinh ra nhit to i Tm ra nhit thc t .
Nu nhit thc < nhit cho php th m bo .
Nu nhit thc > nhit cho php th phi lm mt ( khi lm mt
trong chng ta phi tnh li kim tra ).
Tnh nhit sinh ra :





Trong :427 l ng lng cng ca nhit .
Tnh nhit to i :
Trong :
: H s to nhit , ( )
A : Din tch b mt to nhit , ( a : khong cch trc
).
: Nhit mi trng xung quanh .
: Nhit du bi trn .
- Nu c cc gn cnh to nhit th ly thm 50 % din tch ca b mt gn
cnh ( hay tng ) .
- : H s xt n s thot nhit qua y hp .
Theo nguyn tc :

60
: H s xt n s gim nhit sinh ra trong mt n v thi gian do lm vic
khng lin tc hoc lm vic non ti :
.
Trong
: Chu k ti trng
: Cng sut trong ch i
: Thi gian lm vic trong ch i .
dao ng
Nu th tin hnh lm mt ri sau tin hnh tnh li . Lc
ny :
= ?

: Din tch to nhit nh qut gi .
: H s to nhit nh qut gi chn theo ch vng quay ca
qut :

750 1000 1500 3000

17 21 29 40

Bi trn
- Ngm ngp cao hn ren trc vt hoc ngm bn knh bnh vt nu bnh
vt nm di .
- Lng du vo thng dao ng t lt .
- Nu th bi trn bng phng php phun du .
- i vi (1500 ) ngm du ti tm ca ca bnh vt .

61
8 : HIU SUT CA B TRUYN TRC VT

Hiu sut ca b truyn trc vt :

Nhn xt :
Mun tng chng ta tng hoc gim
( q h s ng knh) .
Tng :
- Tng v ( ) tng B truyn cng knh .
- q gim ( q = 8 ) gim gim cng vng ca thn
trc vt .
( ) ln , tc ln th rt kh ch to , nn ta quy
nh .
khi th .
Gim : gc ma st tng ng :
(H s ma st ph thuc vo cp vt liu , ph thuc vo cht lng b mt ,
ph thuc vo bi trn & vn tc trt ) .
Khi vt liu trt tng cht mng du tt ln gc ma st gim Hiu
sut ca bnh vt & trc vt lun lun thp .
T hm : , chc chn :
- Nu ngm trong du : ( trc vt dn ng ).
- Nu bnh vt dn ng : . Hiu sut thp
thng
CHNG : TRUYN NG XCH
1 : Khi nim chung
62
Truyn ng xch gm c hai a xch & mt dy xch mc gia chng .
Ngoi ra cn c thit b bi trn , thit b cng xch , che chn .
-
Cng sut nh hn 100 KW