41

S DNG PHN MM MAPLE VO HNG DN

SINH VIN T HC HC PHN PHP TNH VI PHN
V TCH PHN CA HM NHIU BIN S
USING MAPLE SOFTWARE GUIDING STUDENTS TO SELF-
STUDYING DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL CALCULUS OF
MULTI-VARIABLE FUNCTIONS
Th.S NGUYN VN KIM
Trng CSP Qung Tr
TM TT
Trong dy ton, vic s dng cc phm mn Mathematieca, Maple, Cabri
Geometry, Geometer's Sketchpad,Mathcad...vo h tr t hc, t nghin cu ca
sinh vin l vn rt cn thit. T , nh hng c cch dy ca ngi dy
cho ngi hc v cch hc ca ngi hc trn s h tr ca cc phn mm ton
hc.
Trong bi vit ny, chng ti ch cp mt vn "S dng phn mn Maple
vo hng dn sinh vin t hc hc phn php tnh vi phn v tch phn ca hm
nhiu bin s".
ABSTRACT
In Mathematics teaching, the use of such softwares as Mathematieca, Cabri
Geometry, Geometers Sketchpad, Mathcad ect, in assisting students self-study is
of great essentiality. As a result, it can help to set up orientation for teachers
teaching methods and students learning methods with the support of those
mathematical softwares.
This paper only deals with the use of Maple software in guiding students to self-
studying differential and integral calculus of multi-variable functions.

A. T VN
Chin lc pht trin gio dc i hc - Cao ng t nm 2005 n 2015 l
tng bc i mi ni dung, chng trnh, gio trnh v phng php dy hc. Mt
trong nhng khu then cht ca qu trnh i mi phng php dy hc l rn luyn
k nng t hc, t thch ng cho sinh vin. Trong dy ton, vic s dng cc phm
mm Mathematica, Maple, Cabri Geometry, Geometer's Sketchpad, Mathcad... vo
h tr t hc, t nghin cu ca sinh vin l vn rt cn thit. T , nh hng
c cch dy ca ngi dy cho ngi hc v cch hc ca ngi hc trn s h
tr ca cc phn mm ton hc.
Trong bi vit ny, chng ti ch cp mt vn "S dng phn mn Maple
vo hng dn sinh vin t hc hc phn php tnh vi phn v tch phn ca hm
nhiu bin s".
42
B. NI DUNG
1. Maple l phn mm do mt nhm cc nh khoa hc ca Canada thuc trng
i hc Waterloo xy dng v cho ra i vo nm 1980 vi mc ch gii quyt mi
cng vic lin quan n tnh ton. T , lm thay i hn cch hc ton: Song
song vi cch gii "truyn thng", sinh vin c hng dn gii bng s tr gip
ca Maple. Phng php ny to ra cho sinh vin cch tip cn mi vi ton hc-
sinh ng, sng to v rn c kh nng t hc, t kim tra, t nghin cu.
2. T hc, t nghin cu l vic lm thng xuyn ca sinh vin trong qu trnh
hc tp v sau ny lp nghip. c bit, i vi sinh vin ngnh s phm ton vic
s dng cc phm mn ton hc vo t hc, t nghin cu l c s vng chc cho
vic ng dng tin hc vo i mi phng php dy hc bc ph thng. Thc t
cho thy nhng sinh vin no bit ng dng cc phn mn ton hc vo h tr t
hc, t nghin cu th rt thnh cng trong cng tc ging dy sau ny.
3.S dng phn mn Maple vo hng dn sinh vin t hc hc phn php
tnh vi phn v tch phn ca hm nhiu bin s.
3.1. th ca hm hai bin:
3.1.1 nh ngha: th ca hm s z =f( x , y ) xc nh trn tp D R
2

l mt tp hp gm cc im trong khng gian R
3
xc nh bi to ( x , y , z) vi
( x , y) D.

{ }
3
( , , ) / ( , ),( , ) G x y z R z f x y x y D = =
3.1.2 V th ca hm hai bin z =f( x , y ) khi x [ a ; b ] , y [ c ; d ]
C php: [ >plot3d ( f(x,y) , x =a..b , y =c..d );
Minh ho 1.>#Ve do thi ham hai bien#
>z:=sin(sqrt(2*x^2+y^2));
:= z ( ) sin + 2x
2
y
2

>plot3d(z,x=-2..2,y=-2..2);

43
>f(x,y):=((2*x-y^2)*exp(-x^2-y^2));
:= ( ) f , x y ( ) 2x y
2
e
( ) x
2
y
2

>plot3d(f(x,y),x=-2..2,y=-2..2);

3.2 Gii hn ca hm hai bin s:
3.2.1 nh ngha: Cho hm s f : D R
2
R
( x , y ) az =f(x , y)
v P
0
( x
0
, y
0
) R
2
( P
0
l im t ca tp D)
L R c gi l gii hn ca hm s f khi x x
0
, y y
0
v k hiu l:

0
0
lim ( , )
x x
y y
L f x y

=

3.2.2 Tnh gii hn ca hm hai bin f(x,y) khi ng thi x x
0
v y y
0
.
C php: [ >limit(f(x,y), {x=x
0
,y=y
0
});
Minh ho 2.
>f(x,y):=(x^2*y)/(x^4+y^2); := ( ) f , x y
x
2
y
+ x
4
y
2

>limit(f(x,y),{x=1,y=2});
2
5
Vy ,
2
4 2
1
2
2
lim
5
x
y
x y
x y

=
+

Minh ho 3. Tnh gii hn ca
2 2
0
lim
x
y
x y
x y

+
+
+
v
2 2
lim
x
y
x y
x y
+
+
+
+

>g(x,y):=(x+y)/(x^2+y^2);
:= ( ) g , x y
+ x y
+ x
2
y
2

>limit(g(x,y),{x=0,y=infinity});
0
vy ,
2 2
0
lim
x
y
x y
x y

+
+
+
=0

44
Khi tnh gii hn
2 2
lim
x
y
x y
x y
+
+
+
+
, my cho kt qu sau:
>limit(g(x,y),{x=infinity,y=infinity});

limit ,
+ x y
+ x
2
y
2
{ } , = x = y

iu ny cho thy Maple khng tnh c gii hn dng
l i m ( , )
x
y
f x y



Tuy nhin, ta tnh c gii hn trn nh sau: Vi x 0, y 0 , ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
x +y x y x x
x x x x x
1 1
y y y y y
x y
= + +
+ + + + +
+

Suy ra: 0
2 2
lim
x
y
x y
x y
+
+
+
+

1 1
lim 0
x
y
x y
+
+

+ =


. Vy
2 2
lim
x
y
x y
x y
+
+
+
+
=0
3.2. 3. Tnh gii hn lp:
0 0 0 0
lim lim ( , ) ; lim lim ( , )
x x y y y y x x
f x y f x y


C php: [ >limit(limit(f(x,y),x=x
0
),y= y
0
);
Hoc: [ >limit(limit(f(x,y),y=y
0
),x= x
0
);
Minh ho 4: Cho hm s f(x,y) =
2 2
x y x y
x y
+ +
+
,
tnh
0 0 0 0
limlim ( , ) ; limlim ( , )
x y y x
f x y f x y


>f(x,y):=(x-y+x^2+y^2)/(x+y);
:= ( ) f , x y
+ + x y x
2
y
2
+ x y

>limit(limit(f(x,y),x=0),y=0);
-1

>limit(limit(f(x,y),y=0),x=0);
1

Ta thy hai gii hn trn khng bng nhau nn khng tn ti gii hn
2 2
0
0
lim
x
y
x y x y
x y

+ +
+
,trong trng hp ny my tr li undefined(khng xc nh)
45
>limit(f(x,y),{x=0,y=0});
undefined

Minh ho 5: Cho hm s f(x,y) =
2 2
2 2 2
( )
x y
x y x y +
, Chng minh rng

0 0 0 0
limlim ( , ) limlim ( , ) 0
x y y x
f x y f x y

= =
v
0
0
lim ( , )
x
y
f x y

khng tn ti
Ta i tnh hai gii hn lp trn:
>f(x,y):=(x^2*y^2)/(x^2*y^2+(x-y)^2); := ( ) f , x y
x
2
y
2
+ x
2
y
2
( ) x y
2

>limit(limit(f(x,y),x=0),y=0);
0

>limit(limit(f(x,y),y=0),x=0);
0

Khi tnh gii hn
0
0
lim ( , )
x
y
f x y

th my cho thng tin sau:

>limit(f(x,y),{x=0,y=0});

limit ,
x
2
y
2
+ x
2
y
2
( ) x y
2
{ } , = x 0 = y 0
My khng tr li c. Trong trng hp ny, ta phi dng phng php
truyn thng gii bi ton nh sau:
* Ly dy ( x
n
, y
n
) =
1 1
, (0,0) khi n
n n

+



v f (x
n
, y
n
) =
4 4
1 1
/ 1 1 khi n
n n
= +
Ly dy
( )
' '
1 1
, , (0,0)
n n
x y khi n
n n

= +



v f
' '
4 4 2 2
1 1 4 1
( , ) / 0
4
n n
x y khi n
n n n n

= + = +

+


Vy , khng tn ti gii hn
0
0
lim ( , )
x
y
f x y

.
3.3. o hm ring ca hm hai bin s:
3.3.1. nh ngha: Cho hm s z =f(x,y) xc nh trn min D v im
M
0
( x
0
, y
0
) D R
2
.
Nu hm s z =f(x,y
0
) c o hm ti x
0
th o hm gi l o hm ring
ca hm s z =f(x,y) ti im ( x
0
, y
0
) v k hiu:
'
0 0
( , )
x
f x y hoc
0 0
( , ) x y
x

Nu hm s z =f(x
0
,y) c o hm ti y
0
th o hm gi l o hm ring
ca hm s z =f(x,y) ti im ( x
0
, y
0
) v k hiu:
'
0 0
( , )
y
f x y hoc
0 0
( , ) x y
y

46
Tng t , chng ta cng nh ngha cho cc o hm ring cp 2, cp 3,... cho
hm s z =f(x,y) ti im ( x , y ) D l :

2
2
( , ) ( , )
f f
x y x y
x x x


=



;
2
2
( , ) ( , )
f f
x y x y
y y y

=





2
( , ) ( , )
f f
x y x y
y x y x


=



;
2
( , ) ( , )
f f
x y x y
x y x y

=




Khi hm s z =f(x,y) ) xc nh trn tp m D R
2
v c cc o hm ring
cp
" "
,
xy yx
f f hai lin tc ti im M
0
( x
0
, y
0
) th
" "
0 0 0 0
( , ) ( , )
xy yx
f x y f x y =
3.3.2. Tnh o hm ring ca hm hai bin s:
C php:[ >diff ( f(x,y),x); [ >diff ( f(x,y),x$2); [ >diff ( f(x,y),x,y);
Hoc [ >diff ( f(x,y),y); [ >diff ( f(x,y),y$2); [ >diff ( f(x,y),y,x);
Minh ho 6: Cho hm s ( , )
y
f x y x = , tnh
2 2 2
2 2
, , , ,
f f f f f
x y x y y x



>f(x,y):=x^y;
:= ( ) f , x y x
y

>diff(f(x,y),x);
x
y
y
x

>diff(f(x,y),y);
x
y
( ) ln x

>diff(f(x,y),x$2);
x
y
y
2
x
2
x
y
y
x
2

>diff(f(x,y),y$2);
x
y
( ) ln x
2

>diff(f(x,y),x,y);
+
x
y
( ) ln x y
x
x
y
x

>diff(f(x,y),y,x);
+
x
y
( ) ln x y
x
x
y
x

tnh gi tr ca cc o hm ring ti im M ( x
0
, y
0
), ta dng lnh
[ >subs(x =x
0
, y =y
0
, % ); Rt gn biu thc [ >simplify(%);
By gi tnh cc o hm ring trn ti im M ( e , 1)
>diff(f(x,y),x);
x
y
y
x

>simplify(%);
x
( ) y 1
y

>subs(x=e,y=1,%);
1

>diff(f(x,y),y);
x
y
( ) ln x

>subs(x=e,y=1,%);
e ( ) ln e

>diff(f(x,y),x$2);
x
y
y
2
x
2
x
y
y
x
2

>simplify(%);
x
( ) y 2
y
2
x
( ) y 2
y

>subs(x=e,y=1,%);
0

>diff(h(x,y),y$2);
x
y
( ) ln x
2

>subs(x=e,y=1,%);
e ( ) ln e
2

>diff(f(x,y),x,y);
+
x
y
( ) ln x y
x
x
y
x
>simplify(%);
x
( ) y 1
( ) + y ( ) ln x 1

>subs(x=e,y=1,%);
+ ( ) ln e 1


47
4.1Tnh tch phn bi trn mt hnh hp:
Trn Maple ngi ta ch xy dng thut ton tnh trc tip cc tch phn bi 2
v bi 3. Khi tnh tch phn bi c s chiu ln hn ta c th h thp s chiu nh
cc cng thc tch phn bi thng qua tch phn lp.
tnh tch phn bi trn hp, ta s dng gi cng c student v gi n ra bng
lnh:
>with(student);
D Diff Doubleint Int Limit Lineint Product Sum Tripleint changevar , , , , , , , , , , [
completesquare distance equate integrand intercept intparts leftbox leftsum , , , , , , , ,
makeproc middlebox middlesum midpoint powsubs rightbox rightsum , , , , , , ,
showtangent simpson slope summand trapezoid , , , , ]

4.1.1.Tnh tch phn bi 2:
( , )dxdy
D
f x y

vi D ={ ( x , y) / a x b , c x d }
C php: [ >Doubleint( f (x,y) , x =a .. b , y =c.. d);
y l lnh "tr", nn n khng cho ta kt qu tnh ton m cho ta cng thc biu
din :
d

c
d
d

a
b
( ) f , x y x y

Mun bit gi tr ca biu thc trn ta s dng lnh :
[ >value(%);
Nu gi tr ny khng biu c cc k hiu ton hc bit th ta xem gi tr xp x
( di dng thp phn ) ca n bng lnh:
[ >evalf (%);
Minh ho 6: Tnh cc tch phn sau
a) I =
2 2
(4-x -y )dxdy
D

vi D ={ ( x , y) / 0 x 1 , 0 x
3
2
}
>Doubleint((4-x^2-y^2),x=0..1,y=0..3/2);
d

0
/ 32
d

0
1
4 x
2
y
2
x y

>value(%);
35
8

b) J = d

0
1
d

0
1
( ) sin + x y
+ + ( ) cos x ( ) sin y 2
x y
>Doubleint(sin(x+y)/(cos(x)+sin(y)+2),x=0..1,y=0..1);
>
48
d

0
1
d

0
1
( ) sin + x y
+ + ( ) cos x ( ) sin y 2
x y
>evalf(%);
0.2345690622

4.1.2Tch phn bi ba:
C php: [ >Tripleint(f(x,y,z),x =a..b,y=c..d,z=p..q);
Minh ho 7: Tnh cc tch phn bi ba sau :
d

p
q
d

c
d
d

a
b
( ) f , , x y z x y z

a) I = ysinyzdxdydz
B
x

, trong B l hnh hp ch nht gii hn bi cc

mt phng x = , y =
2

, z =
3

v cc mt phng to .
>Tripleint(x*y*sin(y*z),x=0..pi,y=0..pi/2,z=0..pi/3);

d

3
d

2
d

x y ( ) sin y z x y z

>value(%);
+
3
2

sin

2
6

3
4

b) J =
d

0
1
d

0
1
d

0
1
( ) sin + + x y y z z x x y z

>Tripleint(sin(x*y+y*z+z*x),x=0..1,y=0..1,z=0..1);
d

0
1
d

0
1
d

0
1
( ) sin + + x y y z z x x y z

>evalf(%);
0.5821196251

4.1.3.Tch phn lp:
* Tch phn lp 2 ca hm hai bin f ( x , y) khi x [ a , b ] v y thay i t
y
1
(x) n y
2
(x).
C php: [ >int(int(f(x,y), y=y[1](x)..y[2](x)), x=a..b);
* Tch phn lp 3 ca hm ba bin f ( x , y , z) khi x [ a , b ] v y thay i
t y
1
(x) n y
2
(x) v z thay i t z
1
(x ,y) n z
2
(x , y).

C php:
[ >int( int(int(f(x,y,z), z=z[1](x,y)..z[2](x,y)), y=y[1](x)..y[2](x)),x =a..b);
49
Minh ho 8: Tnh cc tch phn bi hai sau
a) I =
2 2
dxdy
1+x
D
x
y +

, D ={ ( x , y ) / 0 x 2 , y
2
2x }
Ta c: D ={ ( x , y ) /
2
2
y
x 2 , - 2 y 2 }
int(int(x/sqrt(1+x^2+y^2),x=(y^2/2)..2),y=-2..2);

+
2
3
5
2
( ) ln 5

b) J = dxdy
D
y

, D ={ ( x , y ) / 0 x 2 , 0 y
3 3
1
sin os x c x +
}

>int(int(y,y=0..1/((sin(x))^3+(cos(x))^3)),x=0..2);
d

0
2
1
2
1
( ) + ( ) sin x
3
( ) cos x
3
2
x
>evalf(%);
1.417868442

Minh ho 9: Tnh cc tch phn bi ba sau
I =
dxdydz
B

, trong B l mt vt th gii hn bi cc mt:

z =x
2
+y
2
, z =2 ( x
2
+y
2
) , y =x , y
2
=x.
>int(int(int(1,z=x^2+y^2..2(x^2+y^2)),y=x..sqrt(x)),x=0..1);
26
105

C. KT LUN
Maple l mt phn mn tnh ton kh phong ph, h tr hu ht cc lnh vc
ca ton hc. Do , ng dng Maple vo t hc , t nghin cu c th kim tra
c kin thc ton hc ca mnh v to ra nhng t duy mi v ton hc .Ngoi ra,
phn mn Maple h tr chng ta bin son nhng bi ging theo gio trnh in t
mt cch sinh ng gp phn vo i mi phng php dy hc hin nay.



TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Phm Minh Hong: Maple v cc bi ton ng dng. NXB khoa hc v k thut.
[2] inh Th Lc - Phm Huy in- T Duy Phng: Gii tch cc hm nhiu bin. NXB
i hc Quc Gia H ni
[3] Nguyn Mnh Qu - Nguyn Xun Lim: Php tnh vi phn v tch phn ca hm
nhiu bin s.