8.

1 Abiotic components
1. Example :
________- Maize, soya bean ,tomato, barley and potato
- nutrients , iron and magnesium easily absorbed
________ - ferns , coconut , and casuarinas

Influences : distribution and growth of organism
2. Examples :
_______ temperature will reduce rate of absorption of water through the root.

Influences: productivity and distribution of producer.
3. Examples : sheltered caves and jungles.

Influences : the water loss is ___________ when humidity is high.
4. Description of surface features
Example : the position of river , mountains.
Altitude= humidity and atm pressure _________
Gradient of slope = amount of sunlight
5. Examples: aquatic plants found near to the surface of water

Influence: animal behaviour- worm away from light source.
6. Examples: below tree, below rock, in cave
( involves climate of a small place or a habitat.)
- different quantity rain, relative humidity, light intensity, temperature.

Influence :number and distribution.


8.2 biotic component.
__________________ - green plants, synthesis own food, photosynthesis.
Consumer -
Decomposer - ____________ and __________ break down waste products and dead bodies of
other organism into simpler substances for nutrient.
Food __________ - sequence of organism through which ___________ is transferred.
Food web.- formed when different ________________ link .

Trophic level - its position in food chains.
2 methods used to measure quantity of energy trapped within each trophic.
a) random sampling techniques - number of organisms
b) total biomass
biotic relationship
Category Examples :
commensalism

epiphytes - commensal plant


epizoics- commensal animal


Parasitism Endoparasite- in
Ectoparasite - on
Mutualism


Saprophtism

Saprophytes - plant
Saprozoites - animals



Prey-predator
relationship

Competition Interspecific competition
Intraspecific competition















Colonisation

Succession

4 types of plants
Elodea sp. , cabomba sp. , tricularia sp. , valilisneria sp. , hydrilla sp.
Nelumbium sp. , eichornia sp. , Pistia sp, lemna sp.
Scirpus grossus , cyperus sp, scirpus mucronatus
Trees

6 stages of colonisation and sucession in a pond
2009 final







2011








2013