CNS-EE 1: ELECTRICITY/MAGNETISM/ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS/

SEMICONDUCTORS
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Two point charge 10 cm apart produces a force of

1 x 10^-3 g. If the charges are of equal
magnitude, what is the charge in statcoulomb?
9.899 statcoulomb
Usually, the charge magnitude of a test-charge
is equal to
q (the charge of electron)
Who was the first to introduce the concept of
field lines?
Michael Faraday
When a charge distribution is symmetric, often
we use _____ to simplify electric field
calculations.
Gauss Law
Determine the magnitude of the electric field
inside a sphere that encloses a net charge of 2
C.
0 (zero)
What is the total electric flux through the
surface of a closed sphere enclosing a net
charge of 2 C?
2.26 x 105 NC-1m2
The potential gradient at a particular point is
numerically equal to _____ at the point.
Electric intensity
To get a higher value of capacitance in a
capacitor the dielectric must be constructed as
thin as possible
What is the reciprocal of capacitance?
Elastance
What is the unit of elastance?
Daraf
Law which shows that the force of attraction or
repulsion between two magnetic poles is
inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between them.
Coulombs second law
When a magnetic substance is placed near a
magnet it will become a magnet also, this
phenomenon is known as
magnetic induction
The capacity of a substance to become
magnetized, and expressed as the ratio between
the magnetization produced in a substance to the
magnetizing force producing it.
Magnetic susceptibility
The voltage induced in a conductor is directly
proportional to the rate of change of flux being
cut.
Faradays second law of electromagnetic
induction
The voltage or emf induced when the magnetic
field is moving or changing and a conductor is
stationary.
Statically induced emf
Reluctance is analogous to resistance in
electrical circuits and has a unit of At/Wb, its
reciprocal is
Permeance
What magnetic materials that can be easily
magnetized in both directions? Soft magnetic
materials
At what temperature does a magnetic material
loses its ferromagnetic properties?
Curie temperature
According to _____, the algebraic sum of the
rises and drops of the mmf around a closed loop
of a manetic circuit is equal to zero.
Amperes circuital law
Gaussmeter measures flux density using what
principle?
Hall effect
An electromagnetic switch consisting of a
multiturn coil wound on a iron core and an
armature.
Electromechanical relay
What do you call of an electromagnet with its
core in the form of a close magnetic ring?
Toroid
An electrical device has a resistance of 10
and is supplied with a 5 ampere constance
current source. If the device is rated 100 Vdc,
determine its power consumed.
250 W

24. The power dissipated by a 10 load resistor

with a current rating of 5 amperes is _____ if
supplied with a 20 volt dc potential.
40 W
25. How do you connect cells to form a battery
useful for high-power applications?
In series-parallel
26. In a mesh, the algebraic sum of all voltages and
voltage drops is equal to zero.
Kirchhoffs second law
27. The sum of all currents entering a junction is
equal to the sum of currents leaving away from
the junctions.
Kirchhoffs first law
28. If a copper wire has an inferred absolute zero
of -234.5 /Co, determine its temperature
coefficient of resistance at 25 /oC?
0.00385 /oC
29. A certain Thevenin equivalent circuit has
parameters RTH = 10 and VTH = 20V. If this is
converted to Nortons equivalent circuit, RN and
IN would be
10 and 2A
30. RN and IN of a Nortons equivalent circuit are
known to be 100 and 10A, respectively. If a

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400 load is connected, it will have a load

current of
2 A
A chosen closed path of current flow in a
network. In making this current path there
should be no node nor elements that are passed
more than once.
Mesh
A set of circuit elements that forms a closed
path in a network over which signal can
circulate.
Loop
In a network. What do we call a reference point
chosen such that more branches in a circuit met.
Node
A common connection between circuit elements or
conductors from different branches.
Junction
A secondary cell whose active positive plate
consists of nickel hydroxide, and active
negative plate material is powered iron oxide
mixed with cadmium. Its typical out-put when
fully charged is VO = 1.2V.
Edison cell
The maximum current a cell can deliver through a
0.01 ohm load during testing.
Flash current
In batteries, the material used to insulate the
positive plates from negative plates are
technically called
Separator
Three resistors, R1 = 60 , R2 = 80 and R3 =
100 are connected in delta. If the network is
to be transformed into star what would be the
value of the resistor opposite R2?
25.0

39. When can an ac-voltage,

reach its first peak?
240 ms
40. The time taken by an alternating voltage,
to reach 20V for the first
time
15.3 ms
41. What is the frequency of an alternating current,
if it reaches 45 degrees within 120ms?
60 Hz
42. What is the average voltage of an alternating
voltage,

70.71 V
43. What will be the current equation in a series RC
network if supplied with
source. The circuit has a power factor pf = 0.5?
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45. The power factor (pf) of a series LC circuit is

0
46. What will happen when the power factor of a
circuit is increased?
Active power increases
47. The apparent power of a series RC network is

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given to be 4000 W. If R = 6 , and XC = 8 ,

calculate the true power of the network.
2400 W
What is the significance of connecting loads in
parallel?
It allows independent operations of loads
If a circuit has an admittance of Y = 0.2 +
j0.6, the circuit is
Capacitive
The circuit admittance is Y = 0.2 j0.6, the
circuit is
Inductive
What will happen to a parallel ac-circuit if its
line frequency is more than the resonant
frequency?
Becomes capacitive
If the line frequency of a parallel ac-circuit
is less than the resonant frequency, the circuit
behaves as
Reactive
Absolutely, when can we say that the circuit is
at resonance?
When the voltage and current are in-phase
Inventor of kaleidoscope, a Scottish physicist
who says that for any dielectric reflector, the
relationship in which the refractive index is
equal to the tangent of the polarizing angle.
Brewster, Sir David
He invented the light-controlled valve which
allowed lighthouses to operate automatically and
won him the 1912 Nobel prize in Physics, Who was
this Swedish industrial engineer?
Dalen, Nils
British chemist who invented the electrical
primary cell.
Daniell, John Frederic
An English obstetrician who introduced
ultrasound scanning. He pioneered its use as a
means of scanning the growing fetus without
exposure to x-rays.
Donald, Ian
He investigated heat and light, discovered eddy
currents induced in a copper disc moving in a
magnetic field, invented a polarizer, and made
improvement in the electric arc. Who was this
French physicist who invented gyroscope?
Foucault, Jean Bernard Leon
The people responsible for the development of
the practical transformers.
Lucien Gaulard & John Gibbs
A German scientist who helped prove the law of
conservation of energy, invented the
opthalmoscope, constructed a generalized form of
electrodynamics, and foresaw the atomic
structure of electricity.
Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von
Who was this US physicist who invented the
cyclotron which pioneered the production of
artificial radioisotopes?
Lawrence, Ernest
A German physicist who investigated the
photoelectric effect (light causes metals to
emit electrons) and cathode rays (the stream of
electrodes emitted from the cathode in a vacuum
tube).
Lenard, Phillip
British physicist who studied the emission of
electricity from hot bodies, giving the name
thermionics of the subject.
Richardson, Owen
An English physicist and chemist who pioneered
research into the radioactive decay of atoms and
coined the term isotope.
Soddy, Frederick
A Japanese physicist who discovered the
subatomic particles called the meson in 1935.
Yukawa, Hideki
Elements that has four valence electrons are
classified as
elemental semiconductor
The atomic number of an element represents the
number of

protons or electrons
68. The type of crystal lattice in silicon and
germanium.
Face centered cubic (fcc)
69. What is the total charge at the nucleus of
silicon atom?
14e C
70. Which of the following element configuration
that resembles an alkali metal?
Filled-shell-plus-one-electron
71. Energy required by a valence electron before it
can move or transfer towards the conduction
band.
Energy gap
72.The energy gap between the valence band and
conduction band of a semiconductor is in the
order of
one electron volt (1 ev)
73.Typical range of the resistivity of a
semiconductor.
10 104 -cm
74.Chemical bond that is significant in metals.
Metallic bonding
75.What do you call a semiconductor that is doped
with both donor and acceptor impurities?
Compensated semiconductor
76.The resistance of a semiconductor is known as
bulk resistance
77.Silicon is widely used over germanium due to its
several advantages, what do you think is its most
significant advantage?
Low leakage current
78.Current flow in a semiconductor that is due to
the applied electric field.
Drift current
79.The movement of charge carriers in a
semiconductor even without the application of
electric potential.
Diffusion current
80.Typically, how much energy is required for a
valence electron to move to the conduction band
for a doped semiconductor?
0.05 eV
81.In energy band diagram of a doped semiconductor,
the donor level
is near the conduction band
82.The acceptor level in a doped semiconductor
is near the valence band level
83.What is used in the study of the behavior of free
electrons in a conducting material?
Fermi-Dirac
84.In statistical mechanics, what distribution
function is best used in analyzing photons?
Bose-Einstein
85.In quantum statistics, the most suitable
functions to be used in the molecular analysis of
gas is
Maxwell-Boltzmann
86.What do you call the boundary between the energy
filled level and empty level in a semiconductor
material?
Fermi level
87.Which energy level that has free electrons?
Below the Fermi level
88.The potential required to remove a valence
electron.
Ionization potential
89.A semiconductor that is classified as a metalloid
or semimetal.
Germanium (Ge)
90.Which statement is not true?
Silicon has an oxidation state of negative four
(-4)
91.Compound semiconductors are also known as
inter-metallic semiconductors
92.What semiconductor that is mostly used in devices
requiring the emission absorption of lights?
Compound semiconductor
93.For high-speed integrated circuit, which
semiconductor material given is best to be used?
Gallium arsenide
94. How much impurity concentration is needed for a
sample of silicon to change its electrical
property from a poor conductor to a good
conductor?
One part per million

95. The restriction of certain discrete energy

levels in a semiconductor material can be
predicted generally by using what model?
Bohr model
96. At room temperature, in a perfect silicon
crystal, the equilibrium concentration of
thermally generated electrons in the conduction
band is about
1.5 x 1010 per cubic cm.
97. What is the basis in operations of semiconductor
photoconductors?
EHP optical generation
98. A silicon sample at equilibrium has a electron
concentration of 1.5 x 1010 /cm3, and is doped
with 1015 donors/cm3. Calculate the minoritycarrier concentrations.
2.25 x 105/cm3
99. Impurities with energy level or states close to
the band edges are called
shallow states.
100. When an impurity used in doping produces a level
or state that is close to the center of the gap,
it is called _____ impurity.
Deep state
101. The mobility of electrons and holes in a
semiconductor are affected mainly by what
scattering mechanisms?
Impurity and lattice scattering
102. In semiconductors, what scattering mechanism
that has a the smallest effect?
Crystal imperfection scattering
103. Calculate the total carrier mobility in a
semiconductor if the impurity scattering L =
0.3 m2/vs.
0.14 m2/vs
104. Semiconductor that has the highest heat
conductivity and therefore used as a heat sink.
Diamond
105. The semiconductor that is used in xerography.
Selenium (Se)
106. What semiconductor that is good for hightemperature applications?
Silicon carbide (SiC)
107. Among the given semiconductors below, which has
the highest mobility?
Indium antimonide
108. For an electroluminescent of green and red
lights, which semiconductor is best?
Gallium phosphide
109. A semiconductor glass is known as
amorphous semiconductor
110. Typical range of power dissipation for a
semiconductor be considered as low power or
small signal.
Less than 1 watt

111. Before an electron can participate in the

conduction of electricity, it must leave from
the valence band and transfer to the conduction
band. Transferring to be conduction band
involves energy acquisition by an electron from
external sources and this energy must be greater
than the energy gap of the material. Which
semiconductor material has the highest energy
gap?
Zinc Sulfide (Zns)
112.
Which of the following semiconductors has the
smallest energy gap?
InSb
113.
The ease with which a charge carrier
(electron or hole) moves in a semiconductor
material is known as mobility. It is
InSb
114.
In semiconductor materials, electrons have a
higher value of mobility than holes, but which
semiconductor material has the slowest electronmobility?
AlP
115.
What is the average lattice constant of most
semiconductors materials?
0.5 nm

116.
What is formed when an n-type and p-type
semiconductors are brought together?
Pn junction

An apple a day,
is seven apples a week.
-ren &
judz
An apple a day,
Keeps the doctor away,
But if the doctor is cute,
Forget the fruit
-reilyn