7-5

:


:

) (


) (


) (
) (

43-9
91-45
122-93
152-123
168-153
176-169
190-181
200-191
211-201

223-213









.


.







" "
.

.

 6 :

.




.



.
-
-
.

-
- - -
.



.

.

) (

.



.



.




.


.
)( .

- .
.



.

:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .




1
.
* 1975 .
)(.
1 :
)-1 :




.
.
-
.(3
).(11 :
-
) .(110 :


-
) .(143 :

-
:
: " : : :

: ") . :.(165/6

 10 :

.


)( )(
.

: .


.


. - -
.


.
.



.


)( .

/ 11

. .




.

.
.

.
:
.2

.
.


:
"


...
3
".
2 : . : 1988 .152-146
3 : : 1976 .51-50 :
" " 1996 ) ( .19

 12 :

:
"


.


.

...

4
".
:


!


:

. .


.

.

4 .204-203

/ 13

.

.



.



" " .
:
"

...

5
".





:
"



5 : :
1996 .112 : . 2 537-530

 14 :

...
6
".



" "
.

.


.




.


.




:
"

6 : :
1992 .75-74

/ 15

...



...

7
".
)(
.





.
)(
.
:
"


8
".

. ) (
:

7 .77-76
8:
Alan Bloom: The closing of the Amercan Mind, New York: Simon and Schuster,
1987,p.30.

 16 :

"
.
9
".


.


:




.

.

.
) (
:
-1 ) (.
-2 .
-3
.
-4
.

9 .67

/ 17

.

.
) (




.






.


)(
.

. :

 18 :

.

.

.

.


.




.
" : "



.
:
"

)(
...

/ 19

,
10
".

.

.
8

. 92

.



) (17:





.
10:
Alexis Carrel: Man; The Unknown, New York: Harper and Raw, 1935, pp:xxv,xiv.

 20 :

" "

.
" :


.

11
".

- -
)
( .

.
" : .


.

12
".

.
.


.
11 .
Taha J. Al- Alwani and Imad Al din Khalil: The Quran and the Sunnah: The TimeSpace Factor, Herndon, Verginia (U.S.A): IIIT, 1991,p.14.

12 .19

/ 21

.



.
:
-1 )5441706/ 606 -1763/(.

" :
13
".
-2 )11141706/ 1176 -1763/(.

:
" :
: .
: .

:
.
:

14
".
-3 1266) :1849/ 1323 -1905/(.
:

-1 .

13 : : )
1991( .113
14 ) ( :
: . .8

22 :

-2
.
-3 .
-4 .

-5

15
.
-6 1321) :1903/ 1400-1979/(.

-1 -2 ..

-3.

-4.

16
.
-5 1335) :1917/ 1416 -1996/(.

- -
17
:
-1 .

-2 .

-3 .

-4 -5 . .





:
15 : : 1984 .25
16 : : 1971 .
17 : : 1992 .

/ 23

-1

.
-2


.
-3



.
-4

.


.



.






:
).(5:

 24 :

" :
18
".


!






.


. :
"
- -





.
19
".


18 .
19 : )( : 1995 .20
) : 1973 (17
.

/ 25

.


.

:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
-4 .
-5
.
-6 .





).(33-30 :
:
" . :
:

 26 :

... ... ... ...

20
".

.
.
:
.
. .

. . . .
).(8-1 :

)(

) (
.

:
:
.


: .

)( :




)(78 :


:
) .(49
20 : : . 1 .7

/ 27

)( )(
.


.
:
:
. .
. .


.
)
(




.
.

. ) (75.4
) (4613 ) (73.8
) (28
) (1636 ) (24.6 ) (26.2
.

)
( .

:

 28 :

.
: .

.

.

.



.








.








).(9-1 :







:


.

.


.




.












.





.


) .(26-19 :


:


.
)-58 :



.
.(60
- -
:
-1 .
)-(7 :
-2 -
.

/ 29

-3 :
).(8 :



-4
.
-5
....
-6
.

:
"



. ...
...



21
".
:




)(

21 : : . 21 .22

 30 :

:
().(28:



.




.



" :

" " : " 22.
:

-1 . .
).(7-5 :

.


.

-2



.




).(20-17 :



-3





.

).(22-21:

22 " : " )
( 1997 .31

/ 31

.

:

-1 :
:
....
-2 :
:
....
-3 :

: ....

-4 : :
....

:
).(53 :



. ""

""



.

 32 :

)(
.



.




.


:

.

.
).(20-17 :



.




.

.




.

/ 33

.

.

.


.


23
.


)1857( " :


24
".
)1776(
:
" )( )(
:
)( . .
25
".
23 : : 1973 .24
24

25

The Syntopicon: An Index to the Great Ideas, Chap.88, Science, Chicago:

Encyclopaedia Britanica Inc, 2nd ed, p. 542, 1990.
David Hume: An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding, the great books of
Western World, University of Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britanica Inc, 2nd edition,
p.509,1990.

.22

 34 :

:
"


.
- -

... ...

26
".



.
- -



.

26

The Major Works of Sigmund Freud, The Great Books of Western World,
No.54,p722,874.

.24-23

/ 35

27
.
Roszak
:
" - -
...


" " .
- -
28
".

.

:
Holbrook :
" - -

Empriical Sceience
.
Psychic Reality
Inner World

27 ) ( :
1990 .44
28

T. Roszak: The Making of Counter Cultuer, London: Faber and Faber, 1970.

.46-45

 36 :

29
".



30
" ".



.

:












.
.



.

).(33-30:




:




.

.






29

D.Holbrook: Education, Nihilson and Survival, London Darton: Longman

and Todd.1977.

.46 :
30

R. Harre and P.Secord: The Explanation of Social Behaviour, Oxford: Basil

Blackwell,1972.

.49

/ 37

.









.






).(31-27 :



.
"
"
:
.






.


.




).(78-75 :



:


.

).(2-1 :

: .
.



.
.

:

 38 :

).(260 :


.


. .

.

. )(
) (169

:

.

).(25-24 :





)(41





.

).(43-41 :

).(21 :





.

/ 39

:
: : :
)


(6: .
: :

.


.


31
).(20-17 :



.




32
.

:

-1
)(
-2




.

:

31 : .113
32 :
- :
: .1990
- :
.1985
- : )(.1988
. : .

 40 :

"
33
".



: .






.







:
.

) :






.(91-190
:
.



.

33 : .83

/ 41

:


.


.
)(56
) .(58-55 :





).(2:

).(61 :




.




).(14-13 :




).(143 :
:




.






.

.





).(5-2 :


- -
) (
. :
-1
.
-2 ) (
:

 42 :

:
).(201:



-3
.
-4

.

.
.

.




:
-1 :
-
.
-





.
-2

/ 43

.
.

).(3-1 :




:
).(11 :

" :
".

:




).(19:
:
.

.

.

)150767/( 1 )151768/(
)150778/( 2

.



.

* .1989
.
1 1969 : .
: 5 256-255 .
: .
2 1983 .

 46 :

"
3
".
""

""
.
" .
)210( " : :
...

4
". ...

5
- - .

""
- -


6
" " .
3 : : 1976 1 .14
4 : 1981 1 .8
5

30 :
.
1 197-195 "
" .
" :
" . ) 4031013/(
: 1978 390-388
) 728( :
: 1962 1 .8
6 . 2
.312

47

""

-
-

.






)(
.
. -
-7

.
) (
.

-
-
. :
""
7 2 .312

 48 :

) (

.

)(
.
.


.




.
:

:
-
.
-
.
- ) (.
-
.



.
) (1

) (1

49

) (1



.
.



. )(
- -
) (3 .

.

)(
.

)(
)( .
) (.

)(
)(
) (
).(1

)(3
)

 50 :

(
).(1




.

:

. : :
-1

.
-2
.
-3 - -
.
) (equilibrium or harmony
) (
)( ) (legitimacy

) (sovereignty ). (authority

:



) (

51

)
(
)(

.

8
.
- -
:


.


.
- -
.
.
- -

:
.

.

8 :
David Easton (ed): The Development of Political Science: A Comparative Survey,
London and New York: Routledge,1991, and James Farr: Political Science in
History, Cambridge University Press,1995.

 52 :

.

. -
-

-
-
.
- -
.
:

:

:
)(

.
:

.



)403-338(
)478-419( . "
: :

53

" : :
:

... :
:
: ."...


9
.

10

. " "



.


: " :
)
( )

9 : :
1987 .476-471
10

)( 1996
.

 54 :

(
11
) (.







.
-
-

.
:

.


.
:
.



.

:

11 : . 1400 -79
.84

55

- - - 12
- :


... .
.
) (conceptual analysis



.
) (
)
13
( .
)
( )
(

.
.

:
.
12 " :
" : 1995 .4
:
1981 400-396 : :
1990 " " 117-29 :
Syed M.N. Al-Attas: The Concept of Education in Islam, Kuala Lumpur:
International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization,1991,pp.5-15.

13 : : .304-47

56 :

) (
14

.

) (2.

15

)(conceptual analysis and reconstruction

) (2
)(1

) (1

) (3

) (2

.
-

- :


:
14 .112-109
15
.

57

).(165 :

):
.(171

).(60:

-
.

).(69:

-
.

).(52 :

)(80:

)(92:

).(39 :

) .(10: .

.



)(39 :



)(33 :

)(54 :

) (1
)(

 58 :

16
- -
) (

.

) ( )
( ) (
)(33
) .(60

.

.

.

" ".

:92


) (92 : :




.

.
- -
16 : .52

59

.
.


:

) (3

.



...
.
:
"
".
:
= = :
= .
= .
= .

 60 :

= )(.

.
- -
:
.

"
"17
" "
18.
19
- -
) (
.
- -
)(


)(
.


) .(3

17 : : 1982 .515
18 : . : 1966 .29
19 : .187-186

61

""
.




.



.
)(

.

.
)( )(
.1
)
( .


.

 62 :

.
) (
.
.




.
-
20-



.

)( ) .(1
-
. -
:


20 : 17
1989 :
The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, Lahore: Institute of Islamic
Culture: 1986.p.56.

" : "
1995 55-31 " : "
1995 " "
.1997

63

.

.

""

: "
21". ) (



- -

.



.



22
.
- -


21 : .98
: :
22
)1994 (1 .136-135 : :
) (2 1995 17 .

 64 :

) .23(13 :

)( . )
( ) ( .

" :
) (7 :

(

)

24
".


: (151) ::
) (33-29 (152-151) : (29-23) ::
) (30-13 25



23
).(13:




24 " : " 1995
.26
25

.
.

).(152-151 :
.

.




.


).(33-29 :






.

65

:

-1

-2

-3

-4

)(.

(.

)(.

-5

)(.

.
) (2

- -
:

.


.



.



.


.
).(29-23 :

).(13 :

 66 :

) (4

.


-

.

:



:
"
".
)
(3 ) (

67

.

) (5 3 2 1 - -
.
:

: )(

26.
)(
.






.

) (


.
)( .
26
3



.

 68 :

)(
)( ) .(1





:
:

: " "

) (

.
.

.

... .

.


""
.

69

)( ...

)(
. " :
" " :
27".

) (.
) ( 28
:
:
.
29
.
)
(
)(
... .


.

: . : 1993 .73
27
28

56 . " :
" 1992 :
.
:
Wael. B. Hallaq: Ibn Taymiayya Against the Greek Logicians, Oxford: Claredon
Press, 1993.

29 : .29-28

 70 :

30


:
31
.

)(
)(


)( )(
)( )(

)( )(
.
:
)( )( )(

)( . :
= .


.
)( )(
30 : )( :
1995 .46
31 :
:
)1996 (22 " " )
( 1994 .28-13

71

.

)(
.


.

.
.




.
)(
) .
(.

.
) (9 :

).(9 :




)(

 72 :

.



.

.

.
.

) (

)
(.


.
.
) (

.
.
- - :



.

73

:
) (95 :


. )(



.
.


.

.



.

) (1
.
-
. -
. - )( -
"

 74 :

" 32.
.


. - -

.

...


.
""

.

.

" " ... " 33 :
) .(3:




(
)
.


32 : 1 103:
" " "
" : 1 .105-104
: 13
33 ) (
.277

75

-
- .
" : " 34.
- -
) ( .


. - -

. - -

.

.


:

-
-


. )(
:

)( :
!

.277
34

 76 :

.
:
.
:
.

.
"
:
: :
35
".


58
36



).(58 :



. - -
.
- -
: :
" : :
37
".
35 : : 1955 2 .412
36 : : 1978 4 .63
37 : : . 4 .25

77

" : :
38
: ".
" : :
:
39
".
"" ""
""
.

.
""



.



.



.
:
) .(60:

38 .27
39 .27

 78 :

: "
40
".




.




.

.

41. - -

42
43. :

.
40 10 .24
41 ) (" : " :
10 15-13


)
(

.
42 .245
43 .440

79

" :
" 44.


.
- -
.



.
21

:




) 45(5:
"

" 46 " :
" 47 " : "
:
:
:
48
)".(5:

44 .25-24
45 4 .139
46 .
47 .
48 .

 80 :

.

.



.

)(




) (




.


:
.
.

:




) (78 : :
) (100: :
) (53:

81

.
.


" :
" .
- -49


.

50 .

:
-1

. :
:
:


.
-2 :

49 : 1398 ) 13 ( .387
50 .287

 82 :

-
" - -
:
".
-
.
:
" -3 :



""



".
-4 - -



.
- -



.

83

51
.
:
: .

: .
: .

.


)( .


.
- -


. )270-202(
)456(


52
)( .
)728-611( )(
- -

51 : . : 1993 .76-71
52 :
1986 .

 84 :

.
- -

:
.

) (83: )
( : :

:
:
53.

.

.



)( 54
.
)

( 55.
53 : :
1988 .141-140
54
.
55 .129

85

.

:




.

. ) (1


.



.

.
.
:

. ) (2

.
.
" " "
- -

 86 :

) (
" "... : :


56
".


- -
57.


.
" :

) (
" 58

.



.




56 : . : (1986 1
.78-61
57 : : : 1979 53-42
"
" .
58 .

87

) (3 ) 59.(24

. - -

60
.






.


.



.
) (1

)(
)( )(

. :

59
),(73:
).(24:

60 : .398

 88 :

.

.

.

.
- -
.



-
-
61
.
:





.

.


61 ) (Legal realism
.
:
Paul Edwards (ed): The Encyclopedia of Philosphy, Macmillan Publishing Co. USA
1967., vol.3-4, p. 420.

89

.




.

.

.

.








.

- -
.
)( .

 90 :

62
.

.
) (interpretive paradigm

.

.

Hans-Georg Gadamer 1960
63
- - .


.
62

.
: .
) (5 1991 .
. :
.1991 . : . :
:
) (2 .1995
63 Hermeuneutics
:
63- Mircea Eliade (ed): The Encyclopedia of Religion, London /New York:
Macmillan Publishing Co., 1975, vol.6.

:
Hans Georg Gadamer: Truth and Method, Trans. Jeol Weisheimer and Donals: G.
Marshal, London: Seed and Ward, 1975.

91

-
- - -
.



:
-1




.
-2
: :
:

.
-3



)( 64
.
-4

.
64
: : 1996 : :
1 ) 1996 (9
" ".

 :

*

):
.(...


.
" " " "
) (

.

.


) (

.

.

* )1369 (New Jersey1969/
.

 94 :

.



""



) (
.
) (

.
:
) .(Pantheism/Immanence : ""

.
.



.


) (
) ( .

/95

" " .
:

) (

.

)( .
:
-1
)
( . " "
.


. ) (Spinoza
)
( :
.
.

.
-2 ) (


" "
.
.
.

 96 :

) (

.

.
-3 ) (Kabbalist

""

.
-4 ""
"" ) ""(
.
.
) (Derrida
.
-5
.
.
-6


.
-7
) (

.

/97

-8

) ( .

.
) ( )
(
:
-
).(displacement :

.
.




.
-
.

)) (Messiah (
.

"" .
.
. .

 98 :

-

.
.

.
- " "
.
. "
" . " ".
" : "

.
" "
(Heretical
) Hermeneutics " " "
" .""
.
" "
)(Suzan Handelman
.
) (
) ( .
"" .
)(

.

: .

/99

.
: )
( ) (
.
.
""
.""
.

.
""
.


. ) (

.
"" )

(
!


) ( .
:

!
.
/
. .

 100 :

) (
)( .
) (
.
)(
.

.
.


) (.

.

.



.
: ) (
.
" "
:
:

.
: .

101
/

-1
:
-
.
.
.
-
)(
"" .
:



.

- )( .

.


) (inter-textuality.
- )( )(
) (metonomy :
" :
" " " "" ""
.
-
) ( .
.

 102 :

!
- .
) (Jacque Derrida
) ( ""

.
) (
.
- )
)( ( "
: )(
"" .

.
.


. " :
" . .

" " : ] [
" .
.
" :
" ) 59 59(.

103
/

"" )
(
.
-2

"" " "
. :
-
.

.
-
.
- .
- .
- .
-

.
) (Kafka
"" : )(
.
)(
)(.

.
.
)( )(

 104 :

)( )
(

.

) (
.


. ""
-
- .
)
(.
" " )
(

.

.
" "


.

:

.
" "
" "

105
/

.

.
.
- - "
" ) (
)
(
.


.

.
)
(
.

.
" "
" " - -

) "" ""
(.
"" ""
""

.
.

 106 :

/
/
. )- (Thomas Hobbes -
) / ( "
" . ""
. - -

)
(.

.


.
.

.
.
.
.
.
- :
(Transcendental Signifiier and
).Signidied

107
/

" "
" "
.
" " "" " " ""
" " "" . )(

.
""
:
" " . ""
"" .
) -/( )
( .


.

) (

.
:

. :
.
.


) ( .

 108 :

.
- Presence

"" Presence
) (Heidgger ."" )(
. .
"" )
( "" " "
" " " " ""
" " "" "" "" " " "
" " " .
" :" "" "" ""
.
""


.

) /( .
:
. ""
.
)
(difference
. / ) (
.
)(
.

109
/

.
. -
-
) ( .
) (

.


.

) ( .

.



) (

"" .
) (
:

. )
( " " ) (
)( . - -

.

 110 :

" "
.


) ( .
.
.
""
.
.
.
.

.
. .

.

. .
/

.

.
-

)(Logocentrism

" " ) (Logocentric

" "Logos" :" "" "" " " "
" ) (center "".

111
/

)
""(
.
.

.
)
( .
- - "" )
(
) ( ) (
.

"" ) (Aporia


.
""
Yehwah
. ""

.
"" )
(
.
""
" ".
-
)Narative

(Small Naratives and Grand

 112 :

" " " " .

.
"" ""
"" "" ""
....
)
(
) ( )(

.
) (
-
-
.

against
) logocentric totalising transcedental meta-narratives
"" )(

.
"" "" ""

) ( . )(

113
/

. ) (
.
)(


.





.
:
.





.
.
- )(La Diffrance

"" "" ""

" "La Diffrance " "diffrer
"" "" " "Diffrence "".
") "La Diffrance (
" "Diffrence ""

 114 :

" "ence " "ance .

) ( ) (.

.
) (
.
:

"" "" "" .
" " ""
" " "" ""
""

.
)

(.
""


) (Aporia
. ""

.
""
""
.
"" - -

.
.

115
/

"" .

) /
(.
)
(

.
/ .



.
" "
" " " " " " ""
""
.
.
- )(Aporia

"" " " .

.

. )
( . .
/ .
/ .
Grammatology "

 116 :

... ...
"
" .
) - -( ) (.
) (Aporia
.
""
) .(meta-Metaphysics
.
)

/( " " " " :

)
(
.

""
.

.

)
( . " "
) (deconstruction "" ) .(destruction
:
.

!

117
/

)(Work and Text

-

"" ) (Work .

.


"" * .

.
.


. .

.
) (
- -
.
.


.

.
* "" ) (Reification
" "
.

 118 :

.
""
.
.
)
: ( .


.

)(black on blank

.
.

" "

!!.
"" (inter-
) texuality .
""
. "" .



. )

( .

119
/

.
.



.
) (

.
.
" " "" ""
"" .
.
.


) "" ( .
.
.
.
""
.
)

( .



) :(Aporia

 120 :

. .



.



) .(misreading

.
) (

) ( .
.
) /
/ ( .
)
)
(.



.
) (
!


" " .

.

121
/

.



)( .
.
:




.

.


.
. " "
" " .
:
: .

)( .
/ / .
) (
)( .

: 122

Altizer Thomas JJ, (Ceral): Deconstruction and Theology .1
(new York: Cross Road,1982).
Callinicos, Alex: Against Oastmoderism (st Martins .2
Press,1989).
Cannor, Steven: Postmodernist Culture (Oxford: Basil .3
Blackwell, 1989).
Eagleton, Terry: The Illusion of Postmodernism (oxford: .4
Benjamin, Scholem, and Levinas (Bloomingtion/ Indianapolis:
Indiana University Press, 1991).
Handelman, Susan A: Fragment of redemtion: Jewish .5
Thought in Benjamin, Scholem, and Levinas(Bloomington/
Indianapolis: Indiana University Press,1991.
Handdelman, Susan A: the Slayer of Moses: The Emergence .6
of Rabbinic Interpretation in Modern Literary Theory.
(Bloomingtion/ Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1991)
Megowan, John: Postmodernism and its Critics (Ithaca: .7
Cornell University Press, 1991).
Morris, Christopher: Deconstruction: Theory and Practice .8
(London: Routledge,1982).
Rosenau, Pauline Marie: Postmodernism and the Social .9
Sciences: Insights, Inroads and Instructions (Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1992).
Saup, Madan: Poststructuralism and Postmode
.10
(Athens: The University of Gorgia Press,1989).

: ) : -11
.(1988
: ): : -12
.(1996

 :

*

1997-1970

**

.




) (
) . .(


.

* " : : ) :
( :
Islam in Britsh and American Popular Fiction 1970-1997: Conspiracy or Fashion,

.
** .1983
.

 124 :

" " .

.



. )
(
.


.
1970
: -
1967 1973


.

.

-
-


.
:
) (350
1970 1977

125

:
1.
:
) (
) (

.

-
.

2 80
.


3 90 .
)
(4 .

1:
Reeva S. Simon: The Middle East in Crime Fiction: Myteries, Spy Novels and
Thrillers 1916 to the 1980s New York: Lilian Barber Press,1989.

2:
Writers and Atists Yearbook 1995, London: A.and C. Black, p.256.

3:
Frank N. Magill (ed): Critical Survey of Long Fiction: English Language Services,
Englewood, NJ: Salem Press,1983.

4:
Riad Nourallah: Sorcerers, Straight Swards, and Scimitars: The Arab Islamic East in
Modern Fantasies of Magic and Conflict, The International Journal of Islamic and
Arabic Studies, Indiana University, VII, No.2, 1990,pp.1-40.

 126 :

- - )
( 5

.
.
1994 6

.
7
.

) ...(




8
.
5 simon : .7
6:
Fredrick Forsyth: The Fist of god, London: bantam 1994

1995
.
7 :
Oriana Fallaci: Inshallah, London: Chatto and Windus,1992.

:
Aldox Busi: Sodomies in Eleven Points, London: Faber and Faber, 1992.

.
8 " " .
. The Sun
" " The Times : .The Independent

127

.
:
"
.

.

.
. .

...


...

...
. John Byley
Booker Prize 1994 " " .
" : "
:

:
""
.
:
David Nichoson Lord: Write me a Novel I can Read, The Independent on Sunday,
April 30, 1994.

 128 :

"
"
!".
9
".
) (1987
. "
" .
.
" " .
(1991) 10

" :
""


) 11 .
. (
.

9:
David Nichoson Lord: Write me a Novel I can Read, The Independent on Sunday,
April 30, 1994.
lancy: The Sum of all Fears,
10:
London: BCA,1991.

11:
Paul Brians: Nuclear Holocaust: Atomic War in Fiction,1895-1984, Kent State:
University Press.1987.

129

1991 12

) .( .

"" " "!
) 1991 (
13
.
14




15 16 .
17 )
(!1991 .
- : 18
19 1 20
21 22
12:
James Adams: The Final Terror, London: Michael Joseph,1991.
13:
Moris Farhi: The Last of Days,London: the Boldley Head, 1983.
14:
Harold Coyle: Sward Point, London: Viking,1988.
15:
Richard Herman: Firebreak, New York: Avon Books,1991.
16:
Gerald Seymour: Condition Black, London: Collins Harvell, 1991.
17:
At Close Quarters, London: Collins Harvell,1987. .
Home Run, London: Collins Harvell,1989. : .
David Graham: Down to a sunless sea, London: Robert Hall,1979.
18:
Dennis Jones: Rubicon One London: Arraw Books,1984.
19:
Jone Nancee: Scorpion Strike, New Yorw: Fawcett Crest, 1992.
20:
.c-141 :
Stephen Coots: The Red Horsman , London: Arrow Books,1993.
21:
Gordon Thomas: deadly Perfume, London Chapmans,1991.

 130 :

23 24

" "
" "
. : 25

" " "
: "

".
)
!!( :
26 27 28 I :II
29 30 : 31 32
.

22:
23:
24:
25:
26:
27:
28:
29:
30:
31:
32:

Steven Hartove: The Heat of Ramadan, New York: St.

martins Paperbacks, 1992.
Barnaby williams: Stealth Bomber, London Sphere Books,1990.
Dewey Gram and Duane dellAmico: True Lies, London: Signet,1994.
Richard Marcinko and John Weisman: Rougue warrior: Green Team, New
York: Pocket Books, 1995.
Evan H. Rhodes: AN Armyof Children, London: Har-Davis Mac Gibbon
1979.
Gary Jennings: The Journeyer, London: Bantam Books,1988.
Michhael Bentine: Templar, London: Arrow Books.1984.
Robert Shea: The Saracen I & II: land of the Infidel and the Holy War
Glassgow: Fontana/ Collins,1989.
Susan Moody: Playing with Fire, London: Futura, 1990.
Colin de Silva: Alhambra: Arena of Assassins, London Grafton,1992.
Robert Carter: Talwar, London: Orion,1993.

131

.

:
: )

(.

: ) (
34

33 .



.
- " " - " "
" ] [

" 35.
" " "
"!36
)
(
.
" "
""
33:
Anonymous: A Night in a Moorish Harem, London: Star Books, 1982.
34:
The Lustful Turk.
35:
36 : .80 78 42 39 17

Anonymous: The Lustful Turk, London: W.H. Allen. 1985.

 132 :

.
""
.
) ( .

-1 : .

" : ".
-2 : .
.

.
-3 : .

.
-4 : .
)
(
" "
.

- -

...

133

" :
" " " " : "
" " " " .
- -
.

.
: : 37

.
)
(
38.
. :

"

- -
. .

39
".



37:

Anthony Masters: Literary Agents: The Movelist as Spy, Oxford: Basil

Blackwell, 1987.

38 :
Erskine Childers, John Buchan, Somerset Maugham, Malcolm Muggeridge, graham
greene, Ian Fleeming, Tom Driberg, John Bingham, Dennis Wheatly and John le
Carre.

39 .7

 134 :

40. : .
.




"

41
".



: 4279
- -
.
)
(:

"
...

.
.
...
] [


40
41

) ( .

42:

Eral davis: Haward Hunt and the Peter Ward CIA-Spy Novels, Kansas
Quarterly, X, fall, 1978, 85-95.
Paul erdman: The Crash of 79, London: Secker & Warburg, 1976.

135

!
.

19

. :
.
43
"...
:
"
3
...
.

44
". ...
:
"

45
."...
79



1980

.1990
43 .319-318
44 .340
45 .347

 136 :

: 46
1987
" " " "
.1990

" )
(

.


.
300.000 45.000 )
( . "
" 9.000
47
".

"
48 49. "
" " "


50".
" " .
46:
47 .11
john Burrowes: Gulf: At last the Real Story of Arabia as It Truly is in the
48:
Robert Lawrence Holt: Good Friday, London: W.H.Allen, 1988.

Eighties, Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing, 1988.

David Poyer: The Gulf, New York: Saint Martins,1990.
49:
50 Burrowes .48

137

" " " :

51
".

52. "
"


" "

53. "" 54
51 Poyer .49
52 ) 1984 ( "
" Best Defence
Robert Grossbach: Easy and Hard Ways Ways Out. :
53 Jeffrey Archer: Honour Among Thieves, London: Harper Collins, 1993. :
)
( 32
. "
" " " " " .
.
.:
Brayan Apple: Lord of the Nations Bad Taste, The Independent, September 5,
1995.

" : : .
""
. :
David Lister: The Bard: Meets Pulp Fiction, The Independent,September 9, 1995.
54 Terence Strong: Stalking Horse, London: Hodder & Stougton, 1993 :

" "
.
The Finest Hour .
) ( The Fifth Hostage, London: Hodder & Stoughton,1983
.1980 SAS "

 138 :

SAS " "

" " .

55 SAS

" " .
56
" ".
57

58
.
1990
.

" " . " :

" " " "
".


59
".

" "
" . ( Conflict of Lions, London: Hodder & Stoughton,
) 1983 " " SAS " " .
) ( Sons of Heaven, London: Hodder & Stoughton 1990
" " "
: .
55Frederick Forsyth: The Fist of God, London: Bantam Press, 1994 :
56 .
Fredrick Forsyth: The Negotiator, London: Bantam Press, 1989.
57:
Gordon Thomas: The Godless Icon, London: Chapmen, 1992.
58:
France Hardy: This mans Novels Do Come True, Daily Mail, August 5,
59:
1992.

139

.
- -

.
. "
"
.
.

"
60".

"" - "" -
.

" " )
) (

" " !
60 : .2

 140 :

(" 61 "
" "
" 1990:
" :

.

.
.
] [




: ) (
...
] [

.



.
: "" " "

61:

Jack G. Shaheen: The TV Arab, Bowling Green: Ohio State University

Popular Press, 1984.

141

"" . . ""
62
" " " ".


:
" :
.


63
".

:
" " "
" "

" " .

.
] [
.
" 64.
62:

Daniel Easterman: Demons and The New Dogs of War, The Independent,
November 10, 1990.

:
63 :
64:

Summers Tide Rolls in , Time Magazine, May 15,1995,p.64.

Donald MC Comick and Katy Fltcher: Spy Fiction : A
Connoisseurs Guide, Oxford: Facts and File 1990, p.234.
The Sunday Telegraph, febuary 5, 1989.

 142 :

) (1989

49 " :
2000"
.11 . .
" " :
" 49
.
:
)


.
".

:

"
65
".
" " .
"
" 66
.
:
67 "
".
R.W Johnson: A Suitable Enemy for Crusaders, The Independent on
65:
Sunday, December, 30, 1990.
66 Mc Cormick and Fletcher. : .297

American Journal 7 Islamic Sicial Science. 67

.

143

1977
1988
.

. -
-

.


.
" " -
- .


"


68
".

:
" ] [

68Grant Hugo: The Political Influence of the Thriller, Contemporary Review, :

December, p.284-5.

 144 :

69
".

" " 1972
) (
70. " :

" . " "
:
"
] [ .

]
[ " "
71
".

" "
" "

72
.

69 .285
70 .289
71 .285
72 .289 :
Micheal Hanne: The Power of the Story: Fiction and Political Change, Oxford
Berghahn Books, 1994.

" :
" .:
Great Stories, Real Lives, Times Higher Education Supplement, June 23,

145

" " :

"" - -


"".

73
.



- -

.
"



74. :
- -

73:

Graham Philip and Martin Keatman: The Shakespear Conspiracy London:

Century, 1993

74 " "
.1947 "
" .
- -

:
Frances Stonor Sauders: Modern Art Was a CIA Weapon , The Independent on
Sunday, October22, 1995.

" "
29 .1995

 146 :

75
76







.

77

100.000 .

" "
.
1991 -
"" - :
"

75 " " :
Thelma Sangster: The Torn Veil, Basingstocke: Marshalls Paperbacks, 1984.
Giora Shamis and Diane Shamis: A Crack in the House of God, London
76:
Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983.
Thoma Harris: Black Sunday, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1975.
77:

147

.


.
78
.
78The Independent: Fears of Terrorism Focuse on Super Bowl Football Game, :
January 26, 1991.

.1995
CNN .
26 1995 CNN
" :
.
CNN " .
) (Turner Diaries National vanguard books 1978
Andrew Macdonald
) (

) ( .
" " .
:
Nick Toczek: Make Belive World Inspiers US Terror, The Independent on Sunday,
Audust 10, 1995.

" " "

" . " "
"
.
".
: CNN 4 1995
" " .
.
) 6 (1995
.Fredrick Forsyth: The Dsay of the Jackal

" "
.
..." : ] [

 148 :

""

.

" "


:
) 79 ( . :

"
...


.
80
".

:

" .
"" .

.
The true Travels, Adventures and Observations of Captain John Smith in
79:
Europe, Asia, Africa, and America from Anno Domine: 1593 to 1629, London, 1630.

: " "

" ".
David H. Finnie: Pioneer East: The Early American Experince in the
80:
ambridge: MA, 1967, 21

149

"
:
81
".
:

.

82
.

:
"



83
... ".
:
" .


81David Haythorn Barden: The Eagle and the Crescent: American :
Intersets in the Ottoman Empire, 1861-1870 (unpublished Ph.D
Dissertation), university of Ohio, 1973, p.29.
82 !
:
David Selves: target Clinton, South Woodham Ferrers/Essex: New Author
Publications, 1993.
Daniel Easterman: The New Anti-Semitism in New Jerualems
83 :
Reflection on Islam, Fundamentalism and the Rushdie Affair, London: Grafton, 1992,
p.199

 150 :

. )
( ) (
.
" "
. " "

84
".
.


. ) (
85 1850
" "
. 86

.
. .

. :
" .

84 " ) New Jerusalems (the Thriller in an Age of Dtente .179
85 Write me a Novel I can Read .
86George H. Milnes: Mohammed, the Arabian Prophet: A Taragedy. :
1994 " "
" " .

151

.
87
".


88
" :
!".
" " )
( .



.
) (


""




.


"" "" "" "" ""

87:
" " .1989
John Goldsmith: Bullion, London: Arrow Books, 1982
88:

John Blundell: Waging the War of Ideas: Why There are no Short Cuts

-
: .

: 1996

) 452(.

.

.





""
.

* .

 154 :

.






.

) (Laique
.





) (



.





.

 ) (

/ 155

.

.


.
.
-
... -
:
:

- -






. :


.


...
" "

 156 :

- .


: ) (1979
) (1985 :
) .(19989
.

.
" " "
" " "

.

" " " "

. "

" ) (19
"
"

 ) (

/ 157

. "

" .
.
- -

.

.
-1 :

.
-2 : :
.
-3 :

.


.




. "

".

.

 158 :

" :
".


" ) .(40

" ".

.

.
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.


.
- -
" "
" "
.

 ) (

/ 159

.
" " - -

. " "
" " .
""

"" ""
"" "".
.

" "


.

.

- -
: "
""
. " "
...

 160 :

" . "
" )
.(94 "
. " "


.

.

.

:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4
.



)
- "" -
(
.

 ) (

/ 161

""


.
: - -
:

:
:
.



) .(164
: :
. . .

" " ) (170
.

 162 :

:
-
.
-

. .
-
"" .
-
.


- -

.

"
" " "
" "

" " )
.(200-180
:
-1
-2

 ) (

/ 163

" "
" " .



.



.

. ""
" "

" "


""



) (


"" ""
.


.

 164 :

-
- .

" "
) (

.
.




.



.
"" - -


.

.

" "

"


" ) .(254

 ) (

/ 165

"
) (
) ( " )
.(262
"

" ) .(262
" "
"

.
""
""

-
-
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3

.
-4
" ".
:

 166 :

: " "

.
:
. .
) (.


.

.
.
.
.

.

.

 ) (

/ 167

...
.


...

"" "" ) (13
" " ) (42

.
:

-1
. : " "



" "

.
-2

.
-3

)" :(246

"
) (219 :
" :

 168 :

"



" : "



.


"
" " "
.

: ) (17

1416 1996/ ) 530(.

.
" :
" " "

"...
."...

"" " "
).(46-43



...
" " .
* 1993 .

 170 :

.








) (
" "
) (350 268

.
""

.

:





) (10: "" .
...


.

: .

171

"


".
" "


)
(27 :
) (
"" :
).(48 :
) (153-77
. :
) (114-77

"
" ) (80
.



.
) (153-115 :
:
-1 -2 -3 -4
-5 .

 172 :

":"


""
.


.
- - ""
.
) (268-157
. . ) (191-157

) (235-193
. ) (268-237 :

.
268 ) 243(
. ""
" " ) (273 ) (449-269
: .
.
) (317-275
.
610
. .

.

173

.
.

.

.
. .




.

" "


.
) (383-319
. .

.
:

... .
...


.
.

 174 :

.
.
.
:

.

.
.
:
.

.

.
: )
.(449-385
.
. :
:
.
-1
.
-2
.
-3
:
:
: .

175

.


.


.

" "

.

.

.

. .
.

.

. :
: .
: .

 176 :

: .
: .
.
)(

.


:
-1 : .

-2 :

.
-3 : .
-4 :

-5 :

-6 : .

""
.

.

177

. ""
. " "

.

) ( .
.
.
" "

" "



.
:
-1
.
-2

.
.


.

 178 :

-3 .
" """ "" "

" .

"" .
,

"

"
"



"...
) (56:
.
-4
... .

.
.
...

.

.

.
.
.

179

-5 ""
.
" "
"".

-6

) (398
) (414 .

) (436-417 ) (472-471
) .(475-474


.

: )-(
)( ) (6

1415 :1995/319) (.

.

.

.


.
" : )(


)(
...

* .

 182 :

".

: )
( ... .




.


.
.





.
- - .

.
)
(



.

 ) (

/ 183

.

.



.



.



.



:
-1 -2 . -3 . -4 .
-5 . -6 .
-7 . -8 .
.

.
: ....

 184 :

.

. .
.



.



.


:
...

.

:
...
.




.


.

 ) (

/ 185

.



: .
:
-1 -2 .
-3 . -4 .
-5 .
.

.


.
) (1875-1838
)( "
" .

.

.



.


.

 186 :

.





.

- -




.


.


.
:

.

) (
.

 ) (

/ 187

.
.



.





.




.


: .


.





:
)(111:

 188 :

.

:
).(44-43:

)(

:
) (283 :

:

).(6:



:
- :

- :

).(11:

- :
.
- :

.
- :

 ) (

/ 189

).(46 :

:




:
.


:
).(3:
:

.

.

.
:

- -

- -
:
-1 :
14061986-.
-2 : 1407
1987/ ." " .

 190 :

-3 : :
.1986
-4 : .:
14041984/.
-5 : " 1403 /
1982.
-6 " :
" .
18-15 1409 29-26 / 1988.
-7 : 1412 1992/.
-8 :
.
:

.

.
.

.

 :
:

Fred Hallidazy

I.B. Tauris Publisher, London, New York, 1996, (255pp.) :

*

" " :
" " . " " .
-1 : -2 .
-3 . .1991-1990
-1 : : -2
: -3
: -4:
.

The British
Journal of the Middle East
.

* . .

 192 :

.
:
1945
.


) .(12

1950 ) (
. :

.
:

) .(15
. -1975
1990 1988-1980 .
" "
.
) (33 :

.

) .(42

 : /

193

.


) .(45
:

-1
.
-2
.1917
-3
.
-4
.
- -
.
) .(56
"" ) (Charismatic
) .(68

) (1991-1990 .
) 1945 .(76

.
) .(86

 194 :

) .(81


.

) .(84

)
.(112-107 .

. ) .(113

.

).(116

.
.
) .(117

.
- -
) .(130
.
:
) .(134

 : /

195

)
:(139-136
-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
-4
.
-5 .
- -

) .(143 - -
.
) .(157


.
Kosove .1375
) .(170

. Golwalker
Charles Martel

Tours .732
) (
.
.
)

 196 :

.(178 .
.

) .(173

.
.
) .(188

) .(189


.
)
.(195 .
.

.

) -199
.(200
.

) .(201

.

 : /

197

.

:

).(13 :



.


.

.Huntington

:
:
-1
.
-2
.

.
.

 198 :

.
.


.
.
) (

.


.
.



"" . :

.
.

.

.


.

 : /

199

.
:

.
.

.





- -

.
.

.
.
.

.

 200 :

.

.
.
.

:
.


. .

.
.
)(
.

6-1 : 1997

**

6-1 1997
:
-1 .
-2 .

.

.
.

.

:
-2
-1
* )( :
http;/www.nie.ac.sg.8000/~wwwnie/think/

** 1994
.

 202 :

-4
-3
-6
-5
-7 -8

:
-1 -2 . .
-3 .
-4 :
.
-5 : .


. :

.

-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6 .
-7 .
-8 .
-9
.
-10 .
-11 .
-12 :

203

-13 .
-14 :
.
-15 .
-16 .
-17 .
-18 .
-19
.
-20 .
-21 .
-22 .
-23 .
-24 .
-25 .
-26 .
-27
.
-28 .
-29 .
-30 .
-31 .
-32 .
-33 .
-34 .
-35 .
-36 .
-37 :

 204 :

-38
-39
-40
-41
-42
-43
-44
-45
-46
-47
-48
-49
-50
-51
-52
-53
-54
-55
-56
-57
-58
-59
-60
-61
-62
-63
-64
-65

.
.
.
) (.
.
.
.
.
: .
.
.
.
.
.
.
: .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

205

-66 .
-67 .
:
-1
. "" ""
:
.

.
""
.
-2
" "
:
- .
- )(.
- .
- )( "."Spatial
- ) ...(.
- )) .(Interpersonal
(.
- ).(Interpersonal
- .
- ).(Existential
:
- .
- .
- .

 206 :

) :

(.
-3

) (.
) :
(.
"
"
:
( Infusing Creative and Critical Thinking into Content
)Instruction

:
- .
- .
) ( ) (
.
-4
) (

.

.

-
.

!

207

.

.
-5
) (Visual Artist
) (Multi Media " " .
) : (.

.

" " "
".
-6 )(Yale
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6 .
-7 .
-8 "".
-9 .
-10 .
-11 .
-12 .
-13 .

 208 :

-14 ) (.
-15 .
-7
" " ) .(The Logic of Insight )
( .
"" .
"" "" .
:
) (Wilderness ) (Canyon
) (Oasis ).(Plateau
)( :
- .
-
.
- .
-
.
- .
- "".
-8
"" . ""

" " " ".
1983 .
:
-1 .
-2 .

209

.
.
" "
.


.
" :

".


.
-9
) (UNEP
.


.
) ( ). (Environmental Ethics
-10 " "
" :
.
.

".
-11 :

 210 :

-
:
-1
.
-2 .
-3
.
- .
- .
- .
- .
- :
.
- :
... ... ... ... ... ) (5-3
.

.
.

.
- :

211

-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4
-5 .
-6 .
-
.
- .
- .
- :
-1.
-2.
-3 .
-4 .

" "

.



.
.

)(1997-1977

.
" "


.

.

. - -
:

) .(138 :



* .1964
.

214 :

7-1
10-8
12-11
13
14-13
22-16
26-23
27
36-28
43-37
47-44
48
49
57-50
60-58

-1 " : :
" " :831
) (1988/6 .164-130
-2 : : :
79 1994 24 .
-3 :
: 127 1991 ]
[.
-4 " : " :
1989 .

 )(1997-1987

215

-5 " : "
: 1987 .
-6 )( :
: 98 1995 .
-7 " :
" :
1995 .

-8 " :
" "
1995 .
-9 :
: 1992 .
-10 :
:
1989 ] : [.

-11 :
" : :
1987 .
-12 :
:
1992.

216 :

-13 " : :
" :
1995 .

-14 " :
: : ) ( :3.(1988/9) 7
-15 " : : :
1987 .

-16 : :
47 1989 21.
-17 : :
: 208 1987 24.
-18 " :
"240 :
1987 .
-19 : :
: : 413 1989 24.
-20 " :
" ) ( 22
1987.76-65
-21 :
: 40 1995 .

 )(1997-1987

217

-22 :
:
1990 .

-23 " : :
" : :
1993 .
-24 " : "
21 (1977) 82 .40-7
-25 :
: : 159 1993 ]
.[85
-26 :
: 1989
.

-27 " : "

:
1987.

-28 :
: 286 1991 .
-29 " :
: "
)( :3) 11 10 (1991 .321-267

218 :

-30 " :
" ) ( :2) 7 (1990 .132-103
-31 : : :
74-1987 20.
-32 : :
129-1992 ] [.
-33 " : "
:
1987.
-34 " :
" 14 (1989) 54 -35
.66
-35 :
: 360 1991 24.
-36 " :
: :
1987 14.

-37 " : "

: 1987 .
-38 : :
:
1994263 21.
-39 :
.
1991 .

 )(1997-1987

219

-40 : :--
: 256 1992 .
-41 " :
" ) ( :8 (1987/8) 47
.70-64
-42 : :
190 1990 .
-43 : :
195-1991 20.

-44 :
: 190 1991 .
-45 :
: 1992 .
-46 " : " :
1991 .
-47 " : "
. :2 (1996) 6 .68-37

-48 :
: 209 1991 ]
.[107

-49 : :
: 1989 .

220 :

-50 :
527 1988 .
-51 : :
. :111 1989 .
-52 " :
" )( :3 (1991/4) 9
.167-152
-53 : :
: 1989
268.
-54 :
: 144-1990 .
-55 " : : :
" 1987 .
-56 : : :
: 157 1991 24 .
-57 : : :
92 1987.

-58 :
:
1991 ] : : [.
-59 : :
: 579 1994 24.

 221

)(1997-1987

-60 : :
2 : 1994-1993
180 24.

1
44
28

)(

3
3

37
16

45

14

11
51
58
11

46

222 :

:


92

59
11
52
30

)(

32
9
53

54
4
49

31
10

17
18

)(

10
19
55
39
39
47

 223

)(1997-1987

23
40
24
32

56
13

12

)(

6
15

20

33

)(

34

57
25
35
3
7
21
41
48
22
42

36
60

224 :

)(

36
58
43

.
:
.1995
:
.
: .1993
.
: .1987

.1987
.
:
.1989

: .
: .
1413/1389
.
:
.

 )(1997-1987

225

.
1409/1400 :
.
: .
: .
: .
: .
: .

.
: .
-