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15

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42

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.

KOINNIK IKTY

. .
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
50

6.
7.
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

. H

1.

,
.
, 1937, I RhodesLivingston ( ), .
I Rhodes-Livingston
,

51

 ,
(Hannerz 1980: 123).

,
, 1920,
Copperbelt ( ).




, ,
(Ferguson 1999, Burawoy 2000: 15).

,
, , .

Max Gluckman, (1941- 1945)
(1947 1960).
(
J. Clyde Mitchell, E. Colson, A. L. Epstein, J. Van Velsen, J. A.
Barnes, V. Turner, B. Kapferer, P. Mayer, R. Frankenberg, ..) ,
,
.

,
(Hannerz 1980: 119). 1930 1940,

.
,
,
(Werbner 1984: 158).

52

2.
,
,
,
, . ,
,

(Burawoy 2000: 21).
H

.
Gluckman RhodesLivingstone

, , ,
,
,
,
.

, ,
.


,

(Rogers Vertovec 1995: 6, Werbner 1984,
Hannerz 1980, Kapferer 2006: 119).

53

 ( , )
,
.

(Burawoy 2000: 17, Kapferer 2006: 119, Frankenberg

2006:

203).

,
, , .,
,
.

3.
(situational analysis) (case study)
Gluckman
. ,
, .
, Gluckman (1940),
,
(Mitchell 1966, 1987, 2006, Van Velsen 1967,
Kapferer 2006: 120).
,
, ,


(. Hannerz 1980, Burawoy 1991, 2000, Rogers Vertovec 1995, Parkin,

54

Kaplan Fisher 1996, Vincent 1990, 2002, Schumaker 2001, Evens Handelman
2006).

Gluckman, Analysis of a social situation in modern Zululand
(1940, 1942). ,
.

1938.

. , ,
,
,
41.
,
.

.
, ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
.
-. Gluckman -


.

41

Gluckman,
. ,
, ,
,
(Kapferer 2006: 121).

55

 .


(Frankenberg 1982: 59, Werbner 1984: 162, Mitchell
2006: 28, Kapferer 2006: 126).
Gluckman ()
,
, ,
.


, (Handelman 2006: 98).


.
, ,

(Kapferer 2006: 123).
4.


:
, .
, ,

,
:
, .

56

 (
), ,
,
.
, ,


(Glaeser 2006: 78).
, ,
. O Gluckman (
Godfrey Wilson)
(single social field),
,
(
) . ,
,

.
O Glukman
.
,
, .
Durkheim,
.
(Werbner 1984: 162,
Frankenberg 1982, Burawoy 2000),
19

20 .

. ,

57

 ,
,
,

. :
, ,
, , ,

(Gluckman 1940: 43).


.
, (Burawoy 2000: 16, Frankenberg 1982).
, ,
,

(1940: 25).
,
(crosscutting ties) ,
,
. ,
(
)
(balanced opposition),
Evans-Pritchard (Kapferer 2006:
128).
, ,

, (Frankenberg 1982: 61).

58

 Fortes Evans- Pritchard,

,
.
( ),
(Frankenberg 1982: 63, Werbner 1984:
162). Gluckman
(rebellions) (revolutions). ,
(
), ,
.
, , (
),
.

5.

, , . Gluckman
, ,
(Kapferer 2006: 122).

.

. (Frankenberg 1982: 61,
Glaeser 2006: 65, Kapferer 2006: 124).

.
.
,

59

 (
, , , ) (
)
, ,
.

Gluckman

,
(Gluckman 1961: 7, Van Velsen 1967: 140).
,

(Van Velsen 1967: 143).
,
,


(Handelman 2006: 97).
, -,
, , (institutionalist),
, .
, , .

, -
(Kapferer 2006: 127).
6.
(

)
,
(Kapferer 2006: 126, Glaeser 2006: 78).
, ,
. T

60

 /
(Rogers Vertovec
1995: 6, Frankemberg 1982)42.

.

.

(van Velsen 1967: 145-46, Glaeser 2006: 78).
:
/

.

(Mitchell 1987: 9).
, , ,
.
.

(Werbner 1984: 162, Kapferer 2006: 137, 150-51).


,
, .

42

(community studies)
.
(locality) ,
- ,
,
.

, .

61

 -
, (cultural contact),
(Ferguson: 1999)-
,

, ,
.
.
, , ,


(Turner 1957, Epstein 1961, Kapferer 1972, Garbet 1970).
/
.

(Mitchell 1983, Kapferer 2006: 133, Frankenberg 1982: 11, Rogers
Vertovec 1995: 9).
,
.
, ,

. Van Velsen,
, 1967 -
, , ,
(Van Velsen 1967:
140). O Victor Turner
, ,


.

62

 , , ,
.

(setting), (context) (field),
.
(.. , , , , ,
)
(Rogers Vertovec 1995: 6). ,

(Glaeser 2006: 73).
. Mitchell,
:
. (Mitchell 1987: 17).
(social field)
- .
,
Gluckman, Turner, Bailey, ..,

, ,
(Kapferer 1995: 57).

. ,
,
(Hannerz 1980: 172,
Handelman 2006: 96).
(
..
), (
.. ,
).

63

 ( ,
, )

. -
, ,
. ,
,
.


Epstein ((Mitchell
1966).

- ( )
( ).
7.
(case study)
(extended-case study)

. , ,


(Gluckman 1961: 9-10).


.
The Yao Village.
Evans- Pritchard

64

 , Yao,
.



,
,
(Gluckman 1967: xx).
, ,

,
, ,
(Gluckman 1961: 10, Handelman 2006: 99). O Gluckman
,
,

(Glaeser 2006: 65, Gluckman 1961: 14, Handelman 2006: 96).
1963
: ,

(1963: 20).
:

,


(Ibid.: 38-39).
.

Gluckman

- ,

65


(Handelman 2006: 99, 108).
,
,
(
), (Kapferer 2006,
Handelman 2006). Mitchell, The Kalela Dance (1956),

Luanshya, .

.
,
. (
,

.) , ,
.
, .
,
, ,

.

, .
(
)
.
Epstein, , Politics in an Urban African Community
(1958),
Luanshya
( ),

66

 (
),
,
.
( ),


.

Victor Turner Schism and Continuity in an African Society (1957),

(Gluckman 1961: 19, Werbner 1984, Kapferer
2006: 136, Handelman 2006: 104). Turner
Ndembu ( ),
(
)
( ,
).
,
(social drama)
.
(
), .

( ),
, ,
,
,
, .

67

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69

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

1.
H


(Mitchell 1969: 8-9, 1974: 281).

(
)

(Mitchell 1969: 8-9, Mitchell 1974: 281).

(corporate group),
,
,
, ,
.

70


,
, .



. ,

,

(Kapferer 2006: 145).

,
,
(Hannerz 1980, Rogers Vertovec 1995).
, ,

, ,
,
.

(
, , ) (Hannerz 1980: 246, Kapferer 2006)

, ,
(Hannerz
1980: 175, Rogers Vertovec 1995: 20).

71

2. .
:
.
: .
( ,
, ...)
. H
(Mitchell 1969, Eames Goode 1977, Rogers Vertovec 1995).

. - (link) -
.
,
.

; ,

;
(
) ;

.
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.
(household), , , , ,
, , , ... (Gulick 1989:
166, Eames Goode 1977: 120, 140).
. (
, ),
( ),
.

: .

72

 .
, ,

.
(
; ; ...)
.
.
.
:
.
3.

: )
(
), )
(
) (Mitchell 1969, 1974: 280, Barnes 1972).

( )
,
.
.

.
(Epstein 1961)
,
, .

73

 ,
, E. Bott: Family and Social Network (1957). H
M
(
, )
.
( )
(Mitchell 1969: 6, Epstein 1992: 81, Eames Goode 1977:
127). (close-knit) (
)
. , ,
(loose-knit) (
, ,
)
.

,
, .

.
, , ,
.
, ,
,
,
.
(
).

74

 . (
), (
)
.

Phillip Mayer: Townsmen or Tribesmen, Conservatism and
the Process of Urbanization in a South African City (1961). O P. Mayer

N East London.

Bott
(close-knit)
,
, ,

. (Hannerz 1980: 169, Mitchell 1987: 305)
East London (Xhosa),

, . -
,
,
, ,
. ( ),
,
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,
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.

75

 , , .

, .

.
( ),
.
.

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.
, ,
(, ,
, )
.
,
,
: .
,
,
(Meyer 1961: 289).
,
.
4.

-

.

76

 (Mitchell 1974: 284).

: ,
(Mithell 1987: 303, Rogers Vertovec 1995: 16).
(
),
, .
H , (density, connectedness
mesh), (
) . E
, , , (close-knit, dense, highly connected),
, (loose-knit,
dispersed, loosely meshed, unconnected).


(Hannerz 1980: 179).
.
, .

.
, (multiplexity),
,

, ,
. (uniplex single-stranded)
,
, ,
.
(.. , , ),
. M
(multiplex), ,
. , ,

77

 , , ,

.
/
.

. ,
,
.

(multiplexity). (single-stranded), ,

(compartmentalized) . H
,

(domains)
( -)
.
, , (intensity),

.

,
(..
, , , ...).

, . ,

,
,
.

78


. Epstein (1961)
.
. :
( , , )
.
.
(domains),
,
.

.
, ,
(clusters):
.

1950 -
. , (effective) ,

. ,
(extended) , ,
.
:

(Lewis 1965, Gulick 1989: 39, Eames Goode 1977: 118,
Bridge 1995).
5.

(transactionalism):
,

79

 ,
.
,
(transactionalism),

(Werbner
1984: 177). H ,
,

(Mitchell 1974: 287).
, ,
, ,
. , ,
,

(Rogers Vertovec 1995, Smith 2001, Smart 1999) , ,

.
drian Meyer The
significance of quasi-groups in the study of complex societies (1966). . Meyer

Dewas Madhya Pradesh -
.

(action set),
(
) .
(
),
: (
) ,

80

, .
Mayer
(
) (Mithell 1974:
286).
, Bruce Kapferer (1969)

Kabwe ( Broken
Hill Godfrey
Wilson).
.
.
, , ,
.
,
.
, ,
, , , .
.
,
.

. . ,

,
.
()
(Mitchell 1969: 7).
K
Barth ( ) Blau (
).
81

 ,
.
.


,


.

, ,

.

:
( : , ,
, , ), (
) (
).

.
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,

.

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82


.

,
.
, 1965-1975
, 1970 (Leeds 1980: 89,
Hannerz 1980: 185)
. (
) ,
Turner, (symbolic interactionism):

,
,
(Werbner 1984: 177).

6.
,
,

.

(Epstein 1961,
Mitchell 1966: 41).

, , ,
.

(lineage)
.
83

 ,
(Mitchell 1966).



. , ,

. A. L. Epstein, The network and urban social
organization (1961),
( ),
(Mitchell 1969: 6, 1974: 285).


.
(
) (,
, , , , , ,
)
.

,
.


(M 1969: 42, 1974, ..). H
,
.
(Crissman 1969, Southall 1973, Banton
1973, Eames Goode 1977, Hannerz 1980)

. Hannerz (1980)
84


,

(Hannerz 1980: 109).

(domains),
.
, , .,
, , ,
, ....
(, , , ,
, , ...)
, , ,
.

X,

(role repertoire)43.

.

. ,
.

, .
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43

- -
,
(inventory) Crissman (1969)
(Mitchell 1974: 282).

85

 .
, ,
: 1) , 2) , 3)
, 4) , 5) (traffic) (Hannerz 1980: 102).

,
.
, ,
.
(Clyde-Mitchell 1969, Hannerz
1980). . ,
, , , , ,
, ,
,
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:
, , I
1920
, .

.
Little Cicily ,
, .
A E,
.
taxi-dancer,
debutants Gold Coast44.
, Loop [
], hobo [ ] Bughouse Square.
44

,
.

86

 ,
,
(traffic roles).
hobo. East London,
, .

(Hannerz 1980: 250).
,
(Harvey 1990)

. , ,
. , , .

.
.
,
,
, , .,
(Mitchell 1969: 43).
,
, .
, ,
.
, ,

(Banton 1973: 67).

(Southall
1973, Banton 1973, Hannerz 1980).
(domains), , ,
(plurality), .

87

 , ,
.

. 1970

. (
)
.

.
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)
.
45.

.
, , , , ,
.
.
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),
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45

,
Fox (1977) Southall (1998),
(.. . Abu-Lughod,
J., 1984) (.. . King 1990).
. King 1990, 2004.

88


,
, , , , ...

(subcultures),
.
.
.
.

.

,
.
7.
, ,
.
, , ,
,

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.

(1980: 108) .

( ),
(modes of urban living).
,

89


.
,
.
(encapsulation).

(cluster),
,
.
(
)
.

(domains),
(multiplex) ( ).

.


.
(Hannerz: 256-7). (
, ,
) .

(segregativity),

,

.
, (
), ( ) (
-)

,

90

 , .
,
.
.
. Max
Weber, ,
,
.
,
, .
, (integrativity)
.
(
),
, .

,

(multiplex).

(solitude). H ,
,
, .
,
,
.

, .
:
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91

. .
.
.
(Hannerz: 260).
8.
,
, A. Rogers S. Vertovec

. : () ,
,

. ()


.

. ()
.

,
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, ,
/ .

, .

.

,

92

 . Rogers Vertovec ,
(Bridge 1995, Smart 1999: 62),


.
Bridge (1995)

.
,
( : gentrification)

.
,
.
1980

Bott Wilmott Young
,
.



.
.


- ,
(Bridge 1995: 282). ,
, ,
(.. Pred 1986, Massey 1994)

93


.

.

. Barnes (1954), 1954,

,
, .


. 1990,
, ,
,

(transnationalism) (translocality)
.

.
- , 1990,
,
.
Alan Smart (1999)

Fox, Southall, Leeds, Hannerz.

(

) .

, ,

94

 .

.
(

)
. ,
(Smith 2001, Schiller 2005),
.
. , ,
, ,
.
9.

. ,
, ,

(Rebhun 1999: 151). ,
, , ,
, .
,
,
(Glaeser 2006: 85).
Ruth
Finnegan: he Hidden Musicians - Music-making in an English Town (1989),
Milton Keynes (
).
.

95

, (social world),
(group), (grouping), (community), (quasi
group) (network),
, o
.
(pathways),
,
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,
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,
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O Lefebvre
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101

M

.

,
, /,


.

, , ,
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, ,
,
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,
.

, A ,

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48

(Aug 1994: 166,
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H. G. Wells
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H
B HA


.
O W.H. Whyte (1957) urban sprawl,
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.
T
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O

1980 1990 HA,
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102

,
.


, D. Harvey (1973, 1981, 1990).
, Harvey (1990: 179-181)
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(1870-1920),
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. J. Jacobs,


(Soja 2000: 76).

.

Soja,

,
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51
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52
M
M E (1845). B. Hall 1996: 1346.
53
T


. B. Walker 1981, Harvey 1990, Scott Soja (.) 1996,
Soja 2000.
54

,


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106

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(metropolis), (metropolitan region).

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(megacity,
post-metropolis, outer city, postsuburbia, edge city, urban village,
metroplex, technopoles, exopolis).
55
55

1980 HA,


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.

1990, A
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435).

107

 .
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(Hall 1996, X 2000: 41-42,
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).


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(Aug 1994: 157-175, Le Goff 1997: 141-151).

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(Harvey 1981: 117, Walker
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,
.

.
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(Mumford 1938, Riesman 1950, Whyte 1956, Jacobs 1961),
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(1981: 93), Lefebvre
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(Lefebvre
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(Lefebvre 1974: 228-350)58. O
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. Illich 1973, . 28.

112

 .

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329-333).
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M. Davis
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A
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, .

, , ,
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,
.
,
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(, , ).

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