0 0 0 0

n
s A i i i R A A
i reaction
in out
Q W F [ (H H )] H (T)F X 0

+ u A =

0 0 i
n
a R A EB A i p 0
i
UA(T T) H (T)F X F C (T T ) 0 + A u =

0 i 0
a A p 0 R A EB
remove generation
UA(T T) F C (T T ) H (T)F X + = A

0
P C R A EB
generation
C (1 )(T T ) H (T)F X + k = A

0 0
A P
UA
F C
k =

x
0
0
0
0
dx
V
E 1 1
k
(1 x) exp( ( ))
R T T
v
=

}

ForCSTR
0 0
n
p
s A R A i 0
i reaction
in
Q W F X H (T) F C (T T ) A = u

ForPFR
0 P
i
a a R
A C A p
UA(T T) r H (T) dT
dV F ( X C )
+ A
=
u +

Catalystproperties
1.largesurfacearea2.Porousstructure
3.Monolithiccatalysts4.Support/unsupport
Catalyst Deactivation
1.structuralchange2.Poisoning
3.Fouling4.Coking
Turnoverfrequency

Dispersion
activesite/activesite
Langmiurhypothesis
1.
2.
3.
LangmuirIsotherm
D A S A A S
k C k C C

= ,
T S A S
C C C

= +
DisociationAdsorption
2
2 2
A S A S
C KC C

=
Ratedeterminestep(RDSorRLS)

RDS RDS

1.RDS
2.RDS
3.RDS
Porouscatalyst
Thielemodulus
As
n
n 2 2
n
As e
k C
n 1
R
2 C D
+
| =
n
k kA =
S S
S S S
'' '
'' 2 ' 2
' 2 2
1 A C 1 A C 2 AS C 1
1
e e A e A e A
k per unit surface area k per gram catalyst
k C R k C R
r R k R
D D C D C D C



| = = = =

Internalefficiencyfactor
2
A r R
3
AS A p
4 R N
4
r S ( R )
3
=
t
t

(1
)
MassBalance
*Sphere
2 2 2 ''
a r r a r A
Gen
in out
( N 4 r ) ( N 4 r ) 4 r rA r 0
+A
t t + t A =
get
2
2 2 2
2
d d
y 2y y 0
dy dy

+ | =
let
f
y
=

2
2 2
2 2 2 3
d df f
dy ydy y
d d f df f
2 2
dy ydy y dy y

= +
2
2
d f
f 0
dy
| =

0.5
2
I sinh x
x
=
t

*Cylinder
''
a r r a r A
Gen
in out
( N 2 rL ) ( N 2 rL ) 2 rL rA r 0
+A
t t + t A =
2
2 2 2 2
2 2
d d
y y y 0
d y d y

| + | | =
| |
(modifiedBessel)
AI ( y) BK ( y)
o o
= | + |
*Slab
''
a z z a z A
Gen in out
( N A ) ( N A ) A zS r 0
+A
+ A =

2
2
2
d
0
dy

| =


Sphere Cylinder Slab

sinh( y)
ysinh( )
|
|

0
0
I ( y)
I ( )
|
|

cosh( y)
ycosh( )
|
|
q
2
3
( coth -1) | |
|

1
0
2 I ( y)
I ( )
|
| |

tanh|
|

Overalleffectivefactor
2 2
2
1 d d
[ (y )]
y dy dy

= |

f
a
g A A e R
dC
k (C C ) D
dy
c =

sinh( y)
cosh sinh
y(sinh )
Sh
|
=
| + |
| +

Sherwoodnumber
Convection/Diffusion
2
1 1
=
3Sh
|
+
O q

Sh 0 D
Sh
g
k
FalsifiedKinetics
f
n 1
ln const. lnC
2

| = +

'
n 1 dln
n n ( )
2 d
q
= +
|


| 1 |
1
q| ()
q
dln
0
d
q
=
|

dln
1
d
q
=
|

dln
2
d
q
=
|

n
'
n n =
'
n 1
n
2

=
'
n 1 =
Activationenergychange
'''
A
n
dln(r )
E R
d(1/ T)
=
inArrheniusform
n
E dln
E E ( )
2 d
q
= +
|

M.T.control Sh 0
n
E 0 =
Porediff. 1 |
n
E
E
2
=

RXNcontrol 1 |
n
E E =