and

Can you catch cancer?

1. How tumor viruses were
discovered
2. What these cancer
viruses are and how they
work
3. How viruses opened the
door to understanding
the molecular basis of
cancer
4. How we now use viruses
to kill cancer cells
Viruses
http://www.eplantscience.com/index/genetics/images/figure/f45.1.jpg
NORMAL TRANSFORMED
23.6% ( developing countries)
1.5 M cancer cases /year

7.7% (developed countries)
390,000 cancer cases /year
Moore and Chang, 2010
Highlights of the first century human tumor virology
The Biology of Cancer, Weinberg 2006
Moore and Chang, 2010
Moore and Chang, 2010
Highlights of the first century human tumor virology
CONTROL OF
CELL
REPLICATION

1. PROTO
ONCOGENES
(cellular oncogene,
c-onc)

2. TUMOR
SUPPRESSOR
GENES
http://media.cirrusmedia.com.au/
PROMOTERS

HER-2/neu
encodes for a cell surface receptor that can stimulate cell division.
amplified in 30% of human breast cancers.

RAS
kinase signaling pathways that ultimately control transcription of genes,

MYC
transcription factor and controls expression of several genes.

SRC
Src was the first oncogene ever discovered.
a tyrosine kinase, which regulates cell activity.


PROTO ONCOGENES
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
Cellular Checkpoints

(Petitjean et al. 2007b).
TOBACCO
CHEMICAL
S
RADIATION
etc
When life hands you lemons,
make
Tumor selectivity
human or veterinary
Inherent
oncotropism or
genetically
engineered
Tumor killing
Consequence of lytic viral replication
Viral delivers genes to tumor cells
that will cause Apoptosis p53 gene
therapy
Stimulates antitumor immunity
Tumor vascular shutdown massive
tumor necrosis
Sensitizes tumors to chemotherapy
or radiotherapy
http://www.oncolyticimmunotherapy.com
emilywhitehead.com
THANK
YOU !