VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS.

NGUYN TH TRANG
1
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM

MC LC
LI M U ............................................................................................................................................... 2
CHNG 1: STAPHYLYCOCCUS AUREUS V NHNG TNH CHT C TRNG ..................... 3
1.Gii thiu: .............................................................................................................................................. 3
1.1. Lch s pht hin: ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.2. Phn loi: ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1.Phn loi Staphylycoccus theo khoa hc ...................................................................................... 3
1.2.2.Phn loi theo men Coagulase: gm 2 nhm ............................................................................... 4
1.2.3.Phn loi Staphylycoccus bng khng nguyn: ............................................................................ 4
2.Cc c tnh chung v hnh dng ........................................................................................................... 5
CHNG 2: BNH V TRIU CHNG NG C ............................................................................... 7
1. Cc c t ca Staphylococcus aureus ................................................................................................. 7
1.1.c t rut ...................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Cc c t khc ............................................................................................................................... 7
2. C ch gy c: ..................................................................................................................................... 8
3. Bnh v triu chng ng c ................................................................................................................ 9
3.1.C ch gy bnh .............................................................................................................................. 9
3.2. Bnh v cc triu chng bnh: ..................................................................................................... 10
3.2.1 Ng c thc phm-vim d dy, rut: ...................................................................................... 11
3.2.2 Vim phi: ................................................................................................................................. 11
3.2.3. Hi chng shock do c t: ...................................................................................................... 11
3.2.4. Nhim trng da v m t bo, p-xe, vim no, vim ty xng: ............................................ 12
3.2.5. Vim no, vim ty xng:....................................................................................................... 13
4. Phng bnh v iu tr: ....................................................................................................................... 13
4.1. Phng bnh ................................................................................................................................... 13
4.2. iu tr ........................................................................................................................................ 13
5. Cc ngun ly nhim bnh .................................................................................................................. 14
6. Cc v d thc t ................................................................................................................................. 14
CHNG 3: NH DANH STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ................................................................. 17
KT LUN ................................................................................................................................................ 22
TI TIU THAM KHO: ......................................................................................................................... 23

VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
2
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
LI M U
Mi sinh vt mun tn ti u phi c nhu cu v dinh dng nhm gip c th tn
ti, sinh sn v pht trin.Con ngi chng ta l mt sinh vt bc cao cng cn n nhu
cu v dinh dng. T yu cu n no, mc m, ngy nay vi trnh x hi-khoa hc
cng ngh ngy cng pht trin, nhng nhu cu y c nng ln thnh n ngon, mc
p. Tuy nhin i km vi thc phm cn c nhng yu t gy nn hin tng ng c
nh hng xu n sc khe con ngi.
Trong nhng nm gn y, hng loi vn c lin quan n thc phm lm cho
cng ng th gii lo ngi. Theo nhn nh ca t chc Y T th gii (WHO) v t chc
Lng Thc Thc Phm th gii (FAO): Nhn loi bc vo th k mi th gnh nng an
ton v sinh thc phm ngy cng tr nn nghim trng hn, ph thuc vo nhiu yu t
v xu hng khng ngng gia tng.
Vn v sinh an ton thc phm Vit Nam c nh nc quan tm bng
nhiu bin php, trong c vic cng b php lnh v v sinh an ton thc phm s:
20/2003 CTN ngy 7/8/2003. Khi chng ta quan tm v hiu r v v sinh an ton thc
phm, tnh hnh ng c thc phm s c ci thin, gip bo v sc khe bn thn,
ngi tiu dng v gip tit kim ngn sch quc gia.
Hin nay vn an ton v sinh thc phm ang c x hi ht sc quan tm.Ng
c thc phm do vi sinh vt chim mt t l rt cao trong cc nguyn nhn. Theo bo
co nguyn nhn gy ng c thc phm do vi sinh vt chim 50%, ng c do nhim
cc ho cht nh thuc bo v thc vt, ph gia thc phm , kim loi nng,chim 25%,
ng c do cht c c sn trong nguyn liu nh nm c, c nc, chim 15%, cn li
do cc tc nhn vt l v nhng nguyn nhn khc. Ng c do sinh vt gy ra c th do:
vi khun, virus, nm mc, k sinh trng, to, trong ph bin v ni bt l vi khun
Staphylococcus aureus-ngun gc ca nhiu loi bnh. Mt im ni bt vi khun ny
l chng c kh nng tit ra cc c t rt bn vi nhit, kh phn hy nhit cao.
Hn na, chng c kh nng khng Penicillin v khi gp iu kin thun li th ly lan,
pht trin mnh v gy nn nhiu cn bnh nguy him cng vi t l gy bnh cao v ph
bin. Thc phm nhim vi khun ny rt kh nhn bit bng cm quan nn rt nguy him
i vi con ngi.
Nhm mc ch tm hiu v cung cp cc kin thc r hn v cc c tnh, cc
ngun ly nhim, triu chng ng c, phng php phn tch nhn bit v cc bin
php phng nga v cha tr loi vi khun nguy him ny, nhm chng em chn
ti: Vi sinh vt gy bnh trong thc phm- Staphylcoccus- aureus.D tm hiu rt
nhiu song do ngun ti liu cng nh thi gian c hn nn bi tiu lun cn nhiu hn
ch cng nh thiu st, mong c c gp ni dung bi c hon thin hn.
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
3
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
CHNG 1: STAPHYLYCOCCUS AUREUS V NHNG TNH CHT
C TRNG
1.Gii thiu:
1.1. Lch s pht hin:
Staphylycoccus c m t u tin vo ngy 9 thng 4 nm 1880, bc s ngi
Scotland Alexander Ogston trinh by ti hi ngh ln th 9 hi phu thut c mt bo
co khoa hc trong ng s dng khi nim Staphylycoccus (hay t cu khn), trnh
by tng i y vai to ca vi khun ny
trong cc hin tng sinh m truyn nhim
ngi.
Staphylycoccus aureus do Robert Koch
(1843-1910) pht hin vo nm 1878, phn lp
t m ung nht v Loius Pasteur (1880) u
quan tm v nghin cu t cu khun t thi k
u ca lch s ngnh vi sinh vt hc.
M t u tin ca ng c thc phm do
t cu khun gy ra c cho l ca Vaughan v Stemberg- nhng ngi kho st mt
dch bnh ln Michigan tin rng nguyn nhn l do phomat nhim t cu khun. S lin
kt r rng ca vi sinh vt vi ng c thc phm mi n khi Barber (1914) chng minh
rng t cu khun c th gy ra ng c do sa tiu th t mt con b b vim v m
nguyn nhn l t cu khun. Nm 1930, Dack ch ra rng ng c thc n nhim t
cu khun c gy ra bi mt enterotoxin (c t rut).
1.2. Phn loi:
Hin nay c 27 loi v 7 phn loi ca th h Staphylycoccus.
1.2.1.Phn loi Staphylycoccus theo khoa hc
Gii (regnum): Bacteria
Ngnh (phynum): Firmicute
Lp (class): Bacilli
B (ordo): Bacillales
H (familia): Staphylycoccaceae
Ging: Staphylycoccus
Loi (species): aureus
Tn khoa hc: Staphylycoccus aureus
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
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AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
1.2.2.Phn loi theo men Coagulase: gm 2 nhm
a. T cu c men coagulase
Nh men Coagulase ny m trn mi trng nui cy c mu khun lc c mu
vng, do vy vi khun ny cn gi l t cu vng. Cc vi khun quan trng i din ca
nhm ny l:
Staphylycoccus aureus hay cn gi l t cu vng
Staphylycoccus intermedius.
b. T cu khng c men Coagulase:
Do khng c men Coagulase nn trn mi trng nui cy khng c mu, khun lc
c mu trng ng. Trn lm sng thng gi cc vi khun ny l t cu trng. Cc vi
khun nhm ny gm:
Staphylycoccus epidermidis
Staphylycoccus saprophyticus
Staphylycoccus haemolyticus
Staphylycoccus capitis
Staphylycoccus simulans
Staphylycoccus hominis
Staphylycoccus warneri
Cng 16 chng loi t cu khc khng xut hin con ngi.
1.2.3.Phn loi Staphylycoccus bng khng nguyn:
Cc t cu c nhiu loi khng nguyn: protein, polysaccharid, acid teichoic ca
vch t bo vi khun.
Acid teichoic: l khng nguyn ngng kt ch yu ca t cu v lm tng tc dng
hot ha b th. y l cht bm dnh ca t cu vo nim mc mi. Acid ny gn
vi polysaccharid vch t cu vng. y l khng nguyn O.
Protein A: l nhng protein bao quanh vch t cu vng v y cng l mt tiu
chun xc nh t cu vng, hu ht tt c t cu vng u c protein ny.
V polysaccharid: mt s chng t cu vng c th to ra polysaccharid v c th
quan st bng phng php nhum v. V ny cng vi protein A c chc nng
bo v vi khun chng li thc bo.
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
5
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
Ngoi ra cn phn loi Staphylycoccus bng phage (phage type): c th chia thnh 4
nhm nh sau:
Nhm I: 29, 52, 52A, 79, 80.
Nhm II: 3A, 3B, 3C, 55, 77.
Nhm II: 6,7,42E,53,54,75,77, 83, 84,85.
Nhm IV: 42D.
2.Cc c tnh chung v hnh dng
Staphylycoccus aureus l t cu khun Gram (+), c ng knh khong 0.8-1m,
khng di ng v khng to bo t, sp xp theo mi hng.
Staphylycoccus aureus phn b rng ri trong t nhin, c nhiu trong cc thc
phm nh: tht, trng, sa,v c trn da, tc v lng ca ngi v ng vt. Mt s
Staphylycoccus c th phn lp t khng kh, bi, thc phm thng tr vng da v
nim mc ca ngi.
B ly nhim t ngi ch bin, ng vt b nhim bnh v n c xp vo nhm
vi khun c hi, v n c mt rng ri v thng xuyn trong m v ch ch i iu kin
thun li xm nhp v gy bnh.
Staphylycoccus aureus c ngun gc t ting Hy Lp, staphyle c ngha l chm
nho, l vi sinh vt k kh ty ,trong bnh phm vi khun c th ng l, tng i hoc
thnh cc m nh.
Ging Staphylycoccus c hn 20 loi khc nhau, trong c 3 loi t cu c vai tr
trong y hc, l:
Staphylycoccus aureus (S.aureus): t cu vng, c xem l t cu gy
bnh.
Staphylycoccus epidermidis (t cu da)
Staphylycoccus saprophyticus
Pht trin tt mi trng tng hp, c bit mi trng thch mu v huyt thanh,
sinh beta hemolysis trong mi trng thch mu. Trn mi trng thch khun lc c
hnh trn trn bng, c m.
Staphylycoccus aureus l mt mesophile in hnh vi nhit tng trng trong
khong 7-48 v nhit ti u t
opt
=37. S tng trng xy ra mi trng c pH
thay i trong khong 4-10 v ti u gi tr pH
opt
=7. Staphylycoccus c kh nng chu
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
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AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
ng mui v hm m a
w
c bin i. N tng trng d dng trong cc mi trng c
5-7% NaCl v mt s khc c th ln n 20% NaCl.
T cu vng tng i chu nhit v thuc st khun hn nhng vi khun khc, chu
c kh hn, mt s loi khng vi penicillin v cc thuc khng sinh khc.
T cu khun to ra c t enterotoxin gy c cho con ngi Thc phm nhim t
cu khun rt kh nhn bit nn rt nguy him i vi con ngi.

VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
7
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
CHNG 2: BNH V TRIU CHNG NG C

1. Cc c t ca Staphylococcus aureus
1.1.c t rut
c t rut staphylococcal enterotoxin B: c sn xut phn ln bi cc chng
S.aureus. Cc c t ny l nhng protein tng i bn nhit, khng b ph hu khi un
nu, c trng lng phn t 28000 - 30000 Dalton bao gm 6 loi c k hiu A, B, C,
D, E, F. Nm 2008 tm ra c hai loi c t mi l S v SET cng nm trong nhm
c t rut do S.aureus sinh ra.
c t rut (enterotoxin): trong c SEB (staphylococcal enterotoxin B). Do mt
s chng t cu vng to thnh, c bit lc pht trin nng CO2 ln (30%) v mi
trng c va. y l nhng loi protein tng i chu nhit khng b phn hu bi s
un nu. N khng vi s un si trong 30 pht cng nh tc ng ca enzyme rut.
Cc c t rut ny nhim khun thc n v vim rut
Cu trc phn t ca staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB): SEB l mt trong cc
ngoi c t c sinh ra bi vi khun S.aureus. Thng thng khng b ly nhim vo
c th, SEB s tc ng ch yu ln cc h vn chuyn ion v nc ca rut, do c
gi l enterotoxin.
SEB c hnh thnh khi S.aureus sng trong iu kin khc nghit nh: nhit
mi trng gia tng t ngt, thiu oxy, s mt cn bng trong p sut thm thu. ng
vai tr l mt trong nhng ngoi c t quyt nh ca vi khun S.aureus nn SEB c
nghin cu kh chi tit. Trnh t acid amin ca SEB c xc nh t nm 1970. Ging
nh cu trc protein ngoi bo khc ca s.aureus thng c tm thy trong mi trng
nui cy hay trong thc phm b nhim, protein SEB bao gm mt trnh t tnh hiu
gm 27 acid amin u N'. on trnh t tnh hiu ny c chc nng "dn" SEB ra ngoi
mi trng nui cy, sau trnh t ny s b ct bi protease v tr nht nh. SEB
dng hot ng trong mi trng ngoi t bo gm 239 acid amin trong mt chui
polypeptide n c khi lng phn t khong 28,336 kDa. dng hot ng protein
SEB c cu trc gm: 7 cu trc xon anpha v 14 phin gp np beta v mt cu ni
disunfide ni cystein v tr 120 v 140. SEB c kh nng chng li s tc ng ca
protease trysin v chymotrysin v papain c trong rut. Nm 1986, Christopher v cng
s xc nh thnh cng trnh t SEB ca chng S.aureus S6. Trnh t ca mt gen
hon thin c tnh t codon m u ATG v tr nucleotide 244, sau l vng khung
c m gm 798 nucleotide v kt thc ti codon TGA ti v tr nucleotide 1024.
1.2 Cc c t khc
Hemolysis: gm 4 loi (alpha, beta, gamma, delta), mang bn cht protein gy tan
mu beta, tc ng khc nhau ln cc hng cu khc nhau. C kh nng sinh khng, gy
hoi t da ti ch v git cht sc vt th nghim.
Alpha-hemolysis: lm h hng mng t bo mnh nht, c kh nng c ch thm
thu ca mng, lin kt cc t bo nhy cm nh tiu cu, bch cu c kh nng phn
hy hng cu tn thng hng cu. Alpha-hemolysis tit ra s gn vo mng ca t bo
nhy cm, s gn kt to thnh mt mng y nc to iu kin thm nc khng
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
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AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
kim sot c cc ion v cc phn t hu c nh. Khi cc phn t quan trng i qua
nh ATP, ion th khng th o ngc thm thu dn n ph v thnh t bo gy ra ci
cht ca t bo ch.
Beta-hemolysis: l mt trong nhng exotoxins c sn xut bi hu ht cc chng
S.aureus l protein c kh nng gy thoi ha sphingomyelin gy ng c cho nhiu t
bo k c hng cu ngi.
Delta-hemolysis: l mt peptide rt nh sn xut bi hu ht cc chng S.aureus ,
l protein hot ng b mt v c th d dng chn them chnh n vo cu trc mng k
nc v cc knh ion.
Gamma-hemolysis: nhy cm vi cc loi hng cu ca th, cu, ngi, chut, b,
nga. Gy ra hoi t nh da th, chut, c th gy cht th.
c t gy hi chng sc nhim c TSST (toxic shack syndrome toxin): thng gp
nhng ph n c kinh dng bng bng dy, bn hoc nhng ngi nhim trng vt
thng. Kh phm bit c t ny vi enterotin F.TSST kch thch gii phng TNF
(Tumor neerosis factor, yu t hoi t u) v cc interleukin I, II. C ch gy sc ca n
ging nh c t rut.
2. C ch gy c:
C ch gy c ca SEB: SEB l trung gian kch thch cc lympho T h min
dch ca cc vt ch cc c t lin kt trc tip n phc hp protein (MHC) lp II trn
b mt t bo ch sau kch thch gia tng s lng ln cc limpho T. SEB c xem
l mt siu khng nguyn ca vi khun v c th to thnh mt cu ni gia MHC lp II
ca cc t bo trnh din khng nguyn v vng Vbeta ca cc th th t bo T nh: CD4,
CD7. T kch thch hot ho cc t bo T biu hin cc on gen Vbeta m khng cn
thit phi c mt qu trnh ch bin v trnh din thng thng.
iu ny gy ra s sn sinh mt s lng ln Cytokine v interleukin (IL-2), cc
yu t hoi t khi u beta (TNF-beta) v cc interferon. Nu n thc phm c SEB bnh
nhn c triu chng nh: chn n, bun nn, tiu chy... Cc triu chng ny xut hin l
do cc cytokine trong cc t bo T ca lng rut c sinh ra t.
SEB d ho tan trong nc, tnh cht ho hc tng i n nh, chu c cc tc
ng c hc va phi, chu c nhit si. C ch gy bnh: Bc quan trng u tin
trong qu trnh tng tc gia tc nhn gy bnh v vt ch l s bm dnh ca cc tc
nhn gy bnh vo b mt ca cc vt ch cc b mt ny bao gm: Da, nim mc:
khoang ming, mi hu, ng tit niu. Cc t chc su hn: t chc lympho, biu m
d dy rut, b mt ph nang, t chc ni m. S.aureus bm dnh vo b mt vt ch nh
cc adhensin c bn cht polypeptide. Tc nhn gy bnh nh S.aureus mi c kh nng
khi ng cc qu trnh sinh ho c hiu nh: tng sinh, bi tit c t, xm nhp v
hot ho cc chui tn hiu t bo vt ch. S.aureus xm nhp ngoi bo bng cch tit
mt s emzym nh: hyaluronidase, hemolysin, leukocidin... Ph hu cc thnh phn t
bo vt ch. Hu ht cc chng S.aureus u c kh nng tng hp mt loi protein b
mt (protein A) c kh nng gn vi mnh Fe ca cc globuline min dch. Chnh nh
hin tng gn c ny m s lng mnh Fe gim xung. V mnh Fe ca cc globuline
min dch c vai tr quan trng trong hin tng opsonin ho, chng l cc receptor cho
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
9
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
cc i thc bo. Qu trnh gn trn gip S.aureus trnh khng b i thc bo. Ngoi ra,
phn ln cc chng S.aureus c mt cht kt dnh gian bo. Nh cht ny vi khun to
c mt lp mng sinh hc bao ph chnh n v vi khun c th pht trin trong lp
mng nhy nim mc. c tnh khong 0.1 yg S.aureus gy ng c thc phm
ngi.
c t exfoliantin hay epidermolitic: l cc men ph hu thng b. Men ny gy
tn thng da to cc bng nc, gy hi chng phng rp v chc l da tr em. 85%
cc chng S.aureus thuc loi phage nhm II to c t ny. N gm 2 loi A v B, u
l polypeptide, loi A bn vi nhit 1000C/ 20 pht, cn loi B th khng. Khng th
c hiu c tc dng trung ho c t ny.
Alpha toxin: bn cht l protein gy tan bch cu a nhn v tiu cu, t gy ra
cc p xe, hoi t da v tan mu. c t c tnh khng nguyn nhng khng th ca n
khng c tc dng chng nhim khun.
c t bch cu (Leucocidin): l tc nhn git cht bch cu ca nhiu loi ng
vt, bn cht l protein, khng chu nhit. T cu gy bnh c th b thc bo nh t cu
khun khng gy bnh nhng li c kh nng pht trin bn trong bch cu. Gm hai
mnh F v S c th th ri nhau, trng lng phn t l 32000, 38000 Dalton. Nu hai
mnh ny tch ri nhau th chng s mt kh nng gy c. Chng gy ra nhim trng da
v hoi t.
Ngoi c t sinh m (Pyrogenic): c t ny tng t nh c t sinh m ca
lin cu. Protein ngoi c t ny c tc dng sinh m v phn bo lymphocyte, ng
thi n lm tng nhy cm vi ni c t gy shock, hoi t gan v c tim. Gm 3 loi k
hiu A, B, C. Ba loi ny khc nhau v trng lng phn t v v tnh c hiu khng
nguyn, ging nhau v kh nng sinh m v phn bo.
Dung huyt t (Hemolycin staphylolycin): ph hng cu (tan mu) v gy cht cc
t bo ht cng nh i thc bo. Fribrinolysin (Enzyme Staphylokinase): nhiu chng
ca S.aureus th hin mt hot ho plasminogen gi l staphylokinase. N lm ph hu
fibrin. L mt enzyme c trng cho cc chng gy bnh ngi trong cc cc mu v
gy v cc cc ny to nn tc mch. C ch ging vi Steptokinase, c s dng trong
y hc iu tr bnh nhn b huyt khi ng mch vnh.
Coagulase: lm ng huyt tng ngi v th, chng ng vi citrate natri v
oxalate natri. Coagulase lm dnh t huyt vo b mt vi khun v do cn tr s thc
bo. Men ny gn vi prothrombin trong huyt tng v hot ho qu trnh sinh fibrin t
tin cht fibrinogen. Enzym ny cng vi yu t kt cm v mt enzym vch vi khun
gip S.aureus to kt ta fibrin trn b mt ca n.
Hyaluronidase: men ny c kh nng ph hu cht c bn ca t chc, gip vi
khun c th pht tn trong t chc. Thu phn acid hyaluronic ca m lin kt.
Beta-lactamase: men ny ph hu vng beta lactam, cu trc c bn ca khng
sinh nh peniciline G, Ampiciline v Uredopeniciline lm cho cc khng sinh ny mt
tc dng.
3. Bnh v triu chng ng c
3.1.C ch gy bnh
- Bc quan trng u tin trong qu trnh tng tc gia tc nhn gy bnh v vt
ch l s bm dnh ca tc nhn gy bnh vo cc b mt ca vt ch cc b mt ny bao
gm:
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
10
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
+ Da, nim mc: Khoang ming, mi hu, ng tit niu.
+ Cc t chc su hn: T chc lympho, biu m d dy rut, b mt ph
nang, t chc ni m.
- S.aureus bm dnh vo b mt vt ch nh cc adhensin c bn cht polypeptide.
- Tc nhn gy bnh nh S.aureus mi c kh nng khi ng cc qu trnh sinh
ha c hiu nh: tng sinh, bi tit c t, xm nhp v hot ha cc chui tn hiu t
bo vt ch.
- S.aureus xm nhp ngoi bo bng cch tit mt s enzyme nh: hyaluronidase,
hemolysin, leukocidin ph hy cc thnh phn t bo vt ch.
- Hu ht cc chng S. aureus u c kh nng tng hp mt loi protein b mt
(protein A) c kh nng gn vi mnh Fc ca cc globuline min dch. Chnh nh hin
tng gn c ny m s lng mnh Fc gim xung. V mnh Fc ca cc globuline
min dch c vai tr quan trng trong hin tng opsonin ha, chng l cc receptor cho
cc i thc bo. Qa trnh gn trn gip S. aureus trnh khng b i thc bo. Ngoi ra,
phn ln cc chng S. aureus mt cht kt dnh gian bo. Nh cht ny vi khun to c
mt lp mng sinh hc bao ph chnh n v vi khun c th pht trin trong lp mng
nhy nim mc.
- c tnh khong 0,1g S.aureus gy ng c thc phm ngi.
3.2. Bnh v cc triu chng bnh:
- S.aureus c mt khp ni trong thin nhin nh: khng kh, nc, da, hng, mi, tc
hay lng ca cc loi ng vt mu nngv ch gy c khi hnh thnh c t rut
(Enterotoxin). Nhng trng hp nhim c u tin do n bnh ko gy ra bi t cu
vng c ni n t nhng nm 1901-1914. Vit Nam cng nh trn khp th gii,
ng c thc phm xy ra thng xuyn.
- Kh nng gy c ch xy ra khi n thc n cng c t ca vi khun. Cn nu ch n vi
khun th khng gy ra ng c. iu chng t, ng c l do c t ca vi khun
c sn xut ra trong mi trng thc n vi s hot ng ca vi khun, c t rut l
mt loi c t mnh.
- S.aureus l tc nhn gy nhiu bnh nhim trng nh: mn nht, chc l, vim da, vim
phi, vim no, vim ty sng, vim c tim, vim mng trong tim, vim mng ngoi
tim, vim mng no, p-xe trong c, ng tit niu, h thn kinh trung ng, nhim
trng huyt, nhim trng vt thng hu phu.
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
11
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
3.2.1 Ng c thc phm-vim d dy, rut:
- Ng c thc phm l mt cn bnh ca rut, ng c thc phm c th do n ung
phi c t rut ca S.aureus c tr trong ng rut chim u th v s lng. Nguyn
nhn l do n thc n b nhim c t (105 vi khun/g thc n) hoc do vi khun tng
sinh trong ng rut (c n 2-30% s ngi mang vi khun ny trong rut). S.aureus
c th nhim t mi trng hoc t ngi ch bin s sinh si rt nhanh trong thc n c
hm lng dinh dng thch hp (thng gp nht l cc loi thc phm giu protein
nh: tht b mui, i ln mui, xc xch, kem, st, pho mt) v sinh ra c t ng
rut, gy ng c. Kh nng trng c ca c th ph thuc vo loi c t, s lng c
t, kh nng khng ca c th.
- Triu chng: cc triu chng thng xy ra 2-4 h sau khi n thc phm nhim c.
Triu chng ban u l s tit nc bt, bun nn, nn ma v i ngoi d di, phn c
ln nc, au bng, co rt vng bng, tiu chy. Triu chng th cp l nhiu m hi,
n lnh, au u, mt nc.
3.2.2 Vim phi:
- S.aureus th xm nhp vo nhu m phi qua hai ng: ht vo ng h hp trn hoc
ly lan qua ng mu. Thng sau khi mc bnh cm hoc ngi suy gim min dch,
t cu vng theo dch tit ng h hp trn b ht vo phi. Tuy y l bnh t gp nhng
li l bnh nhim khun nghim trng. Vi khun to v bc d xm nhp vo mu gy
nhim khun huyt. Vim phi thng gm nhiu , tm vim l ph qun hoc tiu
ph qun vim hoi t, xut huyt. Cc vim ny v ra to ra cc p-xe. nhng ca
nng, thnh ph nang thng b ph hy, khng kh vo ph nang b ph hy nhng
khng thot ra c, to ra cc ti kh thnh mng. Cc yu t gy nguy c mc bnh l
iu kin sng km, s dng khng sinh ba bi, bnh nhn nm vin lu ngy lm gim
sc khng ca c th to iu kin thun li cho vi khun d dng xm nhp vo
ng h hp, ng thi lm gim chc nng min dch ca c th.
- Triu chng: ph bin l st cao, mch nhanh, th nhanh, ho, t gp ho ra mu. C th
suy h hp, sc nhim khun, nhim c h thng, kh th, hoi t v hnh thnh p-
xe. Hai bin chng hay gp nht l trn dch mng phi v m mng phi.
3.2.3. Hi chng shock do c t:
- L cn bnh gy ra bi c t TSST-1 c tit ra bi vi khun S.aureus pht trin
trong iu kin c t hoc khng c oxy. Bnh thng gp nhng ph n trong k kinh
nguyt c dng bng thm ht mnh, cc bng ny c kh nng gn cc magnesium do
lm gim lng ion ny trong m o. Khong 20% ph n c mang t cu ng
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
12
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
m o. Do lng ion magnesium gim xung, vi khun ny tng cng sn xut cc
ngoi c t gy sc.
- Hi chng Thukydides l th c bit ca hi chng sc nhim c. Hi chng ny c
th gp thanh thiu nin c hai gii, thng gp do bi nhim t cu sau khi b cm.
T l t vong ca hi chng ny kh cao trn 50%. Biu hin lm sng v mt h hp v
tiu ha rt ging vi bnh dch hch do Thurykodides m t Athen v nm 430
trccng nguyn.
- Triu chng: t ngt st cao, cm gic mt mi, tiu chy ton nc, nhc u, au c,
ni bang ngoi da, c mt vi du hiu ca sc, nn ma, h huyt p. C th c pht ban
nh b chy nng, lt da, vt c hiu ngoi tng m hay lan ton thn nhanh, c th
c biu hin xung huyt, kt mc, hng , ph ngoi bin. Thay i cc ch s cn lm
sng nh: ur mu tng, albumin mu gim, calcim mu h, h phosphate mu, tng
creatin phosphakinase, gim tiu cu. Gy ra cc ri lon chc nng thn v c tim, qu
ti dch, suy h hp ngi ln. Sau khong 1 tun bnh nhn b trc da vng thn mnh
v t chi. Di chng mun gm hoi th ngoi bin, mt mng c th phc hi yu c suy
nhc, ko di v ri lon tm thn kinh. Nu bnh nng c th t vong t l kh cao.
3.2.4. Nhim trng da v m t bo, p-xe, vim no, vim ty xng:
- S.aureus t lu c cng nhn l mt trong nhng vi khun quan trng nht gy
bnh ngi. N l nguyn nhn hng u ca nhim trng da v m mm, n cng c
th gy nhim trng nghim trng nh nhim trng xng khp, vim thn kinh
- Nhim trng da v m t bo, p-xe: nhng bnh nhim trng da v cc phn ph ch
yu l cc chn lng v tuyn m hi to thnh bnh cnh p-xe kinh in ca t cu
vng. N to fibrin bao bc p xe. Cc nhim trng ny c th ch nh nh u inh
nu vim nang lng v kch thc nh qu to nh p-xe c. M ca p-xe do t cu
vng thng c mu vng, c v khng hi.
+ Triu chng: trn da hnh thnh nhng khu vc thng l mu , au v sng ln,
cha y m, xung quanh khu vc b p xe c th cm thy m khi chm vo.
+ i vi m t bo th s nhim trng l cc lp c bn di da, cng b sng v
au, ni mn nht v ly nhim.
+ Vi khun c th xm nhp vo t nhng vt ct, vt co hoc nhng thng tch nh,
c th xy ra bt c ni no trn c th nhng thng xy ra trn hai tay v hai chn.
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
13
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
3.2.5. Vim no, vim ty xng:
+ Nhim trng cc c quan bn trong c th c th do ng ni sinh: t mt nhim
ngoi vi, vi khun theo ng mu v bch huyt n cc c quan khc. Chng i vo c
th qua cc vt rch trn da sau chn thng hoc trong qu trnh phu thut.
+ Triu chng: no sau vim ni tm mc, chng mt, vim mng no m, trn m di
mng cng, vim tc tnh mch, vim xoang, vim xoang chm, yu tay, chn, thay i
th gic. Gy st t vim mn, vim khp nhim trng, thng gp khp gi, hng v
khp cng chu, gy vim mi c.
4. Phng bnh v iu tr:
4.1. Phng bnh
nhng vng c iu kin VSV km, ni ng dn c, c bit l thiu nc sch
trong sinh hot, thi tit nng m l iu kin thun li cho bnh pht sinh mnh.
Phng bnh t cu khun cng nh cc bnh nhim khun khc th yu t v sinh c
nhn l iu quan trng, ra tay sch trc khi n v sau khi i v sinh l yu cu c bn
phng bnh, n ung hp v sinh, nu k trc khi dung, gi gn sch s nhng vt
try xc trn da. Nhng bnh nhn tai bin mch mu no nm lit ging c th dn
n xut hin nhng vt lot cn phi chm sc h tr vn ng nh xoa bp mch mu
lu thng, cn i vi bnh nhn i tho ng cn gi gn bn chn trnh b phng
lot.
Cc bin php nh mang m hoc khn trm u, mang khu trang v ra tay thng
xuyn l bin php phng chng ly truyn hu hiu trong bnh vin.
Nhng ngi lm vic trong cc bp n tp th hoc trong cc xng ch bin thc
phm cng cn thc hin cc bin php phng h trn.
i vi thc phm th nn bo qun cn thn, khng ln n sng vi n chin.
Nu nghi ng thc phm b nhim khun th nn loi b.
Khm sc khe nh k cho cng nhn lm vic trc tip vi thc phm, ch khm
tai, mi, hng.
Khng nhng ngi b vim xoang, vim mi hng, c mn m tay tham gia ch
bin thc phm.
Dng kp khi phc v thc n.
Tang cng ung VTM, nng cao sc khe, ra tay bng nc nng v x phng, h
pH thc phm c ch vi khun pht trin.
4.2. iu tr
i vi nhng tn thng khu tr trn da th khng cn phi iu tr khng sinh tr
khi nhim khun lan rng hoc c bin chng. Ti ch mng m cn lm sch da ti ch
bng dung dch st khun, dung khng sinh trc tip bi ngoi da. Nhng loi nhim
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
14
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
khun xng, no th cn dung cc loi khng sinh c hiu v khi iu tr phi theo di
cht ch nht l i vi nhng ngi cao tui, ngi b x va ng mch hay y tho
ng.
Cn s dng nhng loi khng sinh ph hp cho tng bnh nhn. Thng dung
gamma globuline iu tr bnh. Mc d S.aureus c th sn xut c men
penicilinase ph hy vng beta- lactamase lm bt hot cc loi khng sinh nh
penicilinase, G.ampicilline, Nhng hin nay trong iu tr nhim trng S.aureus ngi
ta vn s dng peniciline v cephalosporine khng vi beta- lactamase.
Nafcilline v oxacilline l 2 loi penicillin c dung bng ng tim. Nu nhim
trng nng th nn s dng cephalosporine th h th nht nh cephazoline.
Nu bnh nhn khng dung np vi khng sinh nhm beta- lactamase th nn thay
bng vancomycine va clidamycine bng ng tim. Dicloxaciline v cephalexine l
khng sinh dng ung.
Dng gamma- globuline chng t cu.
5. Cc ngun ly nhim bnh
Sa v cc sn phm t sa: ngi ta tm thy t cu nhiu nht sa ti 14,6% ri
n vng sa v kem 6.8%. sa tit trng bng phng php pasteur c t l t cu
gim i nhiu ch cn 0,66%.
hp c c du: qu trnh sn xut hp cc nguyn liu nh c c th b nhim t
cu v sinh c t, khi v khun t hp t cu b tiu dit nhng c t ca n vn gi
nguyn. V vy cc trng hp ng c thc n do n c hp vn c th xy ra v khi
nu phn lp tm vi khun t cu s khng thy.
Bnh ko c kem sa: bnh ko ni chung c ng cao trn 60% cc vi khun khng
pht trin c k c t cu. cc loi bnh ngt c kem sa thng x ng thp
di 60% t cu c th pht trin c v sinh c t. tuy vy khng ch ring cc sn
phm bnh ngt c kem sa c th gy ng c m c thc n khc nh tht c cng l
mi trng thun li cho t cu pht trin v sinh c t gy ng c. mt iu caand ch
l t cu khi c s cnh tranh ca cc vi khun khc th n ch pht trin m khng sinh
c t. ngc li mi trng c s cnh tranh yu nh trong thc n nu chn k th
t cu pht trin v sinh c t kh mnh. Con ng ly nhim ch yu thng qua tip
xc t nh bp, qu trnh ch bin.
6. Cc v d thc t
Ng c H Giang
Cc hc sinh ny bn tr ti trng Tiu hc Cc Pi v trng trung hc c s x T
Nhu, huyn Xn Mn, tnh H Giang
Sau khi n ba cm tra trng, 47 hc sinh c biu hin au bng, au u, hoa
mt chng mt, bun nn...
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
15
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
Sau khi cc n v chc nng ly cc mu bnh phm v tin hnh cc xt nghim, S
Y t H Giang kt lun nguyn nhn v ng c ti hai trng hc huyn Xn Mn
l do n phi tht ln nhim vi khun t cu vng S.Aureus.
Nguyn nhn:
Theo cc bc s Chi cc An ton V sinh thc phm tnh H Giang, ng c do
nhim vi khun t cu vng S.Aureus l do khu ch bin thc phm ca hai trng hc
trn khng m bo an ton v sinh thc
phm
Qua kim tra thc t ti cc bp n tp th
ca 2 trng hc u khng m bo tiu
chun v sinh theo quy nh nh c s h
tng, dng c nu nng, ch bin, s dng
v khu bo qun thc phm
Ng c bn tre: staphylococcus
trong nc st
T chiu 29 n sng 30/10, hn 40 ngi b au bng, chng mt, nn i sau khi
n bnh m tht mua ti tim Hng Thu. Nhng bnh nhn ny vo Bnh vin a khoa
huyn Ging Trm, Bnh vin Nguyn nh Chiu (TP Bn Tre) iu tr v khng nh
hng n tnh mng.
Chiu 19/11, S Y t tnh Bn Tre cng b kt qu xt nghim cc mu thc phm ti
tim bnh m gy ng c thc phm phng 2, TP Bn Tre. Trong , nc st dng
chan vo bnh m khng ch cha vi khun gy bnh ng rut l E-coli m cn c t
cu khun Staphylococcus aureus.
Nguyn nhn:
Mi trng ch bin khng m bo iu kin v sinh, giy khm sc khe ca ngi
ch bin thc phm ht hn v nguyn liu khng c ngun gc r rng.
Ng c Lo Cai : 145 ngi ng c c ci
Chi cc An ton v sinh thc phm tnh Lo Cai ngy 25/11 thng bo chnh thc
kt lun v 145 ngi b ng c thc phm ti thn Sn Pao Chi, x Tho Ch Phn,
huyn Si Ma Cai l do n thc phm nhim vi khun t cu vng.
Trc , ti gia nh ng Ging Sn Vn, thn Sn Pao Chi, x Tho Ch Phn,
huyn Si Ma Cai t chc m ci cho con gi t. Sau khi n khong 12 gi ng h,
mt s ngi c biu hin au bng, bun nn, i ngoi v n 48 gi sau khi n m
ci, s ngi c triu trng nh trn ln n 145 ngi, trong 85 ngi phi nhp
vin cp cu.
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
16
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
Ng c Ph Yn:
- Ngy 15.7, i din S Y t Ph Yn cho bit: Nguyn nhn gy 3 v ng c lin tip sau khi n bnh
m que ca c s Thin & Tn (TP.Tuy Ha, Ph Yn) vo cui thng 6.2013 l do tht dm bng b
nhim Staphylococcus aureus (t cu vng).
Theo kt qu xt nghim ca Trung tm Y t d phng Ph Yn v Vin Pasteur Nha
Trang, mu tht dm bng ca c s trn nhim Staphylococcus aureus (t cu vng) vi
s lng 5,4.10
4
CFU/g, trong khi ngng cho php ldi 10CFU/g. Cn nguyn gy
ng c l c t Satphylococcal enterotoxin ca Staphylococcus aureus (t cu vng).

VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
17
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
CHNG 3: NH DANH STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Mi trng chn lc baird-parker(B-P agar)
Mi trng chn lc bao bc Staph.aureus hiu
qu v ph bin nht c baird-parker xut
nhng nm u thp nin 60. Phng php ny
l s kt hp gia mi trng c mc chn
lc cao, phn ng nhn bit c trng v kh
nng hi phc cc t bo b tn thng. Liti
clorua v chaats khong l cc yu t chn lc,
c lng trng g v piruvate h tr s phc
hi cc t bo b tn thng. Ta c th nhn bit
t cu khun qua c im khun lc en huyn,
sng bng, mi trng bao bc sch s do phn
ng thy phn protein lipovitellnin trong lng
trng g. Khun lc cng thng c ng
vin trng bn trong do s kt t ca cc acid bo.
Khun lc xut hin trong mi trng Baird-parker(B-P) agar chng t s c mt ca t
cu khun, vi sinh vt thng c s dng trong cc th nghim sn xut coagulase v
nuclease chu nhit
Coagulase l mt cht ngoi bo lm ng t huyt tng ca ngi v ng vt trong
mi trng khng c canxi. Enzim ny khng c trng cho Staph.aureus v
Staph.intermedius v staph.hyicus cng to c enzym ny. Staph.intermedius khng s
dng khong cht nn ch hnh thnh khun lc trng trn B-P agar, cn staph.hyicus, vi
khun c tm thy trn da ln v gia cm, cn nhiu th nghim ha sinh hn phn
bit mt cch chc chn hn vi Staph.aureus.
S c mt ca coagulase c th kim tra bng phng php s dng huyt tng th
c s l EDTA trong ng nghim coagulase. Hin nay c rt nhiu cc b dng c(kit)
th nghim nhanh chng, da trn s pht hin mi lin h gia coagulase (cn gi l
yu t vn cc) vi protein A, cht phn ng vi Fe, mt phn ca phn t IgG. Pht kin
c tm thy bi s ng t hng cu, ht nha bc fibrinogen v huyt tng khi tip
xc vi khun lc t mi trng nui cy chn lc. iu ny c th kim chng trc tip,
khng cn thng qua cc th h vi khun trung gian. S hnh thnh coagulase c th c
nhn bit thng qua s thay i lng trng trng trong mi trng agarcos cha huyt
tng ln v th.
Nuclease chu nhit c th pht hin bng agar toluidine xanh/DNA, bng khun lc b
nu si b mt nui cy hoc bng lp ph khun lc c s l nhit trn B-P agar.
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
18
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
c 4 chng (boitype) Staph.aureus c pht hin nhng ng dng ca chng
vn cn hn ch v hu ht cc ging m con ngi tm c u thc cng A.
Staph.aureus c s dng cng vi phage, hu ht cc nhm gy c thc phm thuc
chng huyt thanh III.
Qu trnh x l nhit c th tiu dit c nhiu vi sinh vt nhng c t rut vn
cn. Do vy vic nhn bit thc phm b nhim c mang tnh cnh bo v mi nguy
him hn l phc v chi cng vic m cc t bo vi khun sng st. n nau c mt
s k thut xt ngim min dch i vi c t ca t cu khun. cc phng php c ch
ng t trc y nh th nghim khuyt tn microslide gel c nhy km, tn nhiu
thi gian v cn thao tc cn thn nhn bit c c t. hin nay, k thut ELISA
ngy cng c dng ph bin, phng php ny c th pht hin c t mc 0,1-1,0
ng/g thc phm v c th o ngc s kt t cao su th ng vi nhy 0,5ng/ml.
Phng php ELISA
Phng php ELISA:( enzyme-Link immunoSobent Assay) l 1 k thut
sinh ha pht hin khng th (KT) hay khng nguyn(KN) trong mu xt nghim. hin
nay, ELISA c s dng trong nhiu lnh lc nh y hc, nng nghip c bit l trong
kim tra an ton trong cc sn phm sinh hc.
C 2 loi phng php ELISA:
+ phng php ELISA trc tip( direct ELISA): dng pht hin khng nguyn
trong mu xt nghim.
+ phng php ELISA gin tip (indirect ELISA) : dng pht hin khng th
chuyn bit trong huyt thanh.
u im :
+ phng php ny c s dng cho cc loi khng nguyn vi d nhy v
c hiu cao, c th pht hin c phc hp nh KN-KT , cho php pht hin sm tc
nhn gy bnh giai on sm khi mm bnh mi xm nhim.
+ Nhanh, thao tc n gin.
+ t tn sinh phm, ha cht, s lng mu ln, rt thch hp vi vic phn tch i
vi nguyn liu th.
Nhc im: chnh xc khng cao
Nguyn tc k thut ELISA:
S dng KT n dng (Mabs) ph b mt nhng a ging v s c pht hin
bng cch s dng cc khng th th cp nh: horeseradich perosidase hay alkaline
phosphatase. Nu c s hin din ca KN trong mu , KN s to phc vi KT c nh
trn ging v KT t do c gn enzym to thnh mt phc hp kp (sandwich). Khi b
sung c cht c hiu ca enzym vo ging, enzym xc tc phn ng thy phn c cht
to ra cc sn phm c mu hay pht sng.
Khi b sung cc c cht c hiu ca enzym vo ging, enzym s xc tc phn ng
thy phn c cht to ra cc sn phm c mu hay pht sng. Bng cch theo di s
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
19
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
i mu c th pht hin s hin din ca KN. Cn tng sinh chn lc trc khi thc hin
phn ng. k thun ny c nhy pht hin khong 10
6
CFU/ml.
Vt liu v phng php:
- Chun b cc KN:S.aureus c nui cy trong mi trng Staph.110 37
0
C
trong 24h. thu chng vi khun vi nc mui m phosphate (ph 6.8) c cha formalin
0.3% v un nng 100
0
C trong 1h.
- Sn xut KT: ba con th c tim dch huyn ph ni trn di da vi lng
0.5:1:1.5 v 2ml khong 4 ngy. Sau 7 ngy tip tc tim 1ml Staph.aureus c nui
cy trong mi trng canh tht vo th. Sau 14 ngy tieem mi trng ging nh trn, thu
nhn mu v huyt thanh khi git th.
-Tinh sch v c lng protein: khng th th c phn lp v tinh khit 1 phn
thng qua phng php kt ta ammonium sulfate v hm luowngj protein c c
tnh bng phng php biure sau khi tiu bn theo ng chun ca huyt thanh b
albumin.
- S tip hp: Enzym peroxidase t u tng (10mg) c tip hp vi 1 phn
KT tinh khit ca th, s dng bc 2 trong phng php glutaradehyde.
Lp v KT: 100ul KT th ( pha long 1/10 trong dung dch m ph) c vo
tng ging, polystyrene, tm microtitration gm 96 ging 4 C trong 24h. sau ,
tm c ra 5 ln vi m ra.Cc tm c gi c nh bi 100ul PSB vo tng
ging v 37 C trong 24h, sau khi , tm c ra sch bng m ra.

ELISA trc tip:
- ELISA trc tip thc hin pht hin KT tip hp enzyme. Cc tieepf hp
enzym ny pha long trong PBS l 1:100;1:200;1:400;1:800. 100ul PBS c thm vo
mi ging. Huyt thanh th c pha long trong PBS t l 1:10.
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
20
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
- l 2 ln tun t pha long t 2 ln n 11 ging, nh 100ul c thm vo.
Ging 12 c s dng kim sot. Cc a c 37 C trong 2h. Sau ra li 5
ln bng dung dch ra. Tip tc pha long 100ul mi hng, u tin pha long A+B,
th 2 l pha long C+D, th 3 l pha long E+F, th t l pha long G+H trn tm
microtitration. 37 C trong 2h. Sau khi ra li 5 ln bng dung dch ra. Sau
thm 100ulguaiaclo (guaicol +H
2
O
2
) v 37 C trong 20 pht. Tip tc thm 50ul
H
2
SO
4
1M ( thuc dng) vo mi ging. O.D c ghi li ngay lp tc trong cng vi
a c ELISA, c bc sng 450nm(kemney v challacombe 1989).
- Phn tch thng k: cc d liu c phn tch qua Duncans Multiple range
(DRM) kim tra hon ton theo thit k ngu nhin (CRD) (Steel v Torrie, 1984).
Kt qu:
Cc xt nghim huyt thanh khc nhau c s dng cho cc KN pht hin nh l
th nghim nhanh chng lm ngng kt, th nghim agar gel pht hin, nhng tt nht l
phng php ELISA pht hin KN. Nn tng ca phng php ELISA l da trn s
thay i mu sc, c li th hn cc xt nghim khc nh ngng kt, hunh quang hoc
phng x trong phn ng KN-KT c th c o u n khch quan trong sc k n
gin. Ngoi ra, s dng cc tm microtitre ELISA cho php mt s lng ln phn ng
d c c trong thi gian ngn ( Dawkins et al, 1990).
Quy trnh xc nh staphylococcus aureus trong thc phm:
- c im quan tng nht ca staphylococcus aureus c cc nh khoa hc s
dng phn bit vi cc Staphylococci khc l kh nng sinh tng hp coagulase v kh
nng s dng manitol.
- Mt s chng thuc loi
staphylococcus aureus c kh nng
sinh tng hp c t rut
enterotoxin khi chng nhim vo
thc phm. Tuy nhin, s lng t
bo phi ln( khng thp hn
106CFU/g) th mi sinh ra 1
lng toxin gy ng c cho ngi
s dng. Do , vic nh lng
staphylococcus aureus trong thc
phm l rt cn thit d on
kh nng gy ng cca sn
phm v nh gi tng qut mc
an ton v sinh thc phm.
VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
21
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
Quy trnh nh lng Staphylococcus aureus trong thc phm:





VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
22
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM

KT LUN

Staphylococcus aureus (t cu khun) l vi khun gram (+), khng di ng, khng
sinh nha bo, mt s chng staph. aureus c th c v polysaccharide.
Staph. Aureus sinh trng tt trong mi trng tt trong mi trng tng hp nh
thch mu v huyt thanh, c phn ng indol, thy phn gelatin v lm ng huyt tng,
chu nhit v mui tt.
Trong mi trng thch, khun lc c hnh trn bng, c m, c th c mu vng
m, vng cam hay trng.
Nhit sinh trng ti u l 37 C, hiu kh hay k kh ty .
Staph. Aureus c kh nng sinh nhiu c t nh: hemolysis, TSST, exfoliatin,
epidermolitic, alpha toxin, leucocidin, pyrogenic, hemolycin, staphylolycin,
fribrinolysin,coagulase,hyaluronidase, beta-lactamase, c bit l c t rut(entertoxin).
C th xc nh staph. Aureusbng phng php truyn thng trn mi trng thch
Braid-Parker Agar(BPA), hay bng phng php hin i nh ELISA, lai phn t, b Kit
MRSA,
Staph. Aureus l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy ng c thc phm v gy nn
nhng cn bnh him ngho ngi. iu ng ch l khi gia nhit ch c th tiu dit
c t bo cn c t ca n li bn vi nhit. V th thc phm cn m bo v sinh t
khu ch bin n khu bo qun. Ngi lao ng tip xc vi thc phm phi thn trng
gi gn v sinh tt nh eo gng tay, khu trang
Ngoi ra mt s staph. Aureus c c lc mnh cn c kh nng khng khng sinh
nh penicillins, methicillin, dicloxacillin, nafcilllin, oxacillin, cephalosporins ngi
mc bnh c nguy c t vong cao. Nguyn nhn ch yu l do lm dng qu nhiu khng
sinh. Cht khng sinh, cht kch thch tng trng trong chn nui. Cho nn, thc phm
trc khi a ra th trng cn c kim nh k lng v cht ch.






VSV Gy Bnh Trong Thc Phm- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS THS. NGUYN TH TRANG
23
AN TON V V SINH THC PHM
TI TIU THAM KHO:

Gio trnh an ton v v sinh thc phm Trng h Cng Nghip Tp.HCM 2008
V sinh v an ton thc phm, h Bch Khoa Tp.HCM, Nguyn c Lng,Phm
Minh Tm 2005
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