Indice

1. Introducci .................................................................................................................. 2
2. Fontica ....................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Transcripci ortogrfica .......................................................................................... 3
2.2 Transcripci fontica: ............................................................................................. 3
2.3 Transcripci fontica detallada: .............................................................................. 3
2.4 Classificaci articulatria amb figures : ................................................................. 4
2.5 Representaci dels fonemes voclics catalans ........................................................ 8
2.6 Orthographic transcription .................................................................................... 10
2.7 Phonetic transcription ........................................................................................... 10
2.8 Detailed phonetic transcription ............................................................................. 10
2.9 Articulator classification with figures ................................................................... 11
2.10 Representation of English vowels ......................................................................... 15
3. Morfologia ................................................................................................................ 16
3.1 Processos morfolgics .......................................................................................... 16
3.2 Morphologic processes ......................................................................................... 18
3.3 Procesos morfolgicos .......................................................................................... 21

2

1. Introducci
Lobjectiu daquest treball es presentar una descripci i una anlisi dels
sons tant del catal, angls i castell. En la primera part, que correspon a la part
de fontica i fonologia sha analitzat dos textos orals, un de catal i laltre d
angls. La decisi ha set agafada en grup,desprs de la qual cada un dels
membres del grup havia dagafar un text que duri aproximadament uns 15
segons, i per tant hem decidit triar un programa de TV3 corresponent a la part
del catal , i per la part anglesa un programa de la BBC. Pel que fa al primer
text, he presentat una descripci i una anlisi dels fenmens fonolgics del
catal central, ja que per un costat s el dialecte ms utilitzat al mitjans de
comunicaci, tant a la radio com a la televisi i per altra perqu s ms fcil
dentendre que no pas els altres dialectes. Una altra ra perqu he triat aquesta
veu s per que sacosta ms a lestndard. Respecte al segon text, el dangls
el mtode ha sigut el mateix, encara que hi ha variacions i versemblances pel
que fa els sons, que he explicat ms detalladament en la part corresponent.
La segona part tracta qestions de morfologia, que s la disciplina
lingstica que estudia la formaci i estructura interna dels mots. Es a dir, a partir
dun text sha hagut de analitzar aquests mots, de explicar els processos que
han determinat llur formaci. El primer text s el del catal, el segon el dangls i
el tercer el de castell. Malgrat el fet que langls s una llengua germnica, t
multitud de paraules darrel llatina. Per laltre costat, el catal i el castell, tenen
ms o menys la mateixa estructura, ja que les dues son llenges romniques. El
model de lanlisi que he seguit s el segent: a partir dun mot he determinat
quina era larrel o en alguns casos les dues arrels si es tractava duna paraula
composta i a partir daqu, els morfemes que el formen, tant si eren sufixos,
prefixos o infixos. Per ltim, per no menys important, sha explica l origen.

3
2. Fontica
Text catal

2.1 Transcripci ortogrfica
Si tenim b...el problema no s que la contenci aguanti noms, sin ser
capaos de refrigerar al un ...reactor nuclear un cop el tenim aturat segueix
generant calor, i la clau esta en poder extreure aquesta calor i mantenir un
cert inventari de refrigerant dintre de la contenci. Es a dir, de fet el que s
tracta, s de mantenir el que anomenem les barreres...
( Xavier Bosch, Televisi de Catalunya, La Crisi Nuclear- 3alacarta, del minut 2. 37 al
2.57, amb la veu de Lluis Batet, http://www.tv3.cat/3alacarta/#/videos/3435870)

2.2 Transcripci fontica:
/sI lo'nIm bc oI piu'bIcmo no cs Lo Ia Lunlon'sjo o'guanlI nu'mcs, sIno
sc La'pasus do io'!iIoia oI un,, icaL'lo nu'LIcai un Lop oI lo'nIm a'lu
ial so'gc ono'ian Lo'Io,, I Ia LIav o'slam pu'dci oL'slicvio a'Lcsla L
o'Io, I mon'lonI unscil InvonluiI do ic!iIdioian dInl io do Io Lunlon'sj
o cz a dI, do !cl oI Los liaLlo cs do manlonI oI Lo o'numcncm Ios baic
ios, /

2.3 Transcripci fontica detallada:
|sI lo 'n I m bc, o piu'c mo n o csLoo Lu nlo n 'sjo|


4


2.4 Classificaci articulatria amb figures :

Figura 1. Figura 2.
[s]- consonant,fricatiu, alveolar, sord [i] -vocal, anterior, tancada, no
arrodonida

Figura 3 Figura 4

[t]- consonant, oclusiu, dental,sord [o]- vocal, central, mitj

Figura 5 Figura 6
1
Figura 7

1
dem figura 2
5
[n]- consonant, nasal, alveolar [m] - consonant, nasal,
bilabial

Figura 8 Figura 9
[b]- consonant,oclusiu bilabial,sonor [e]- vocal, anterior, semitancat, no
arrodonida
igura 10
2

Figura 11
[|- consonanl, IalciaI, aIvcoIai, sonoi

Figura 12 Fi gura 13

[p] consonant, lateral, alveolar, sonor |i|- consonant, alveolar, rtic, bategant

2
dem figura 4
6

Figura 14 Figura 15
3
Figura 16
4

[u]- vocal , tancada, posterior , arrodonida
Figura 18
5
Figura 19
6
Figura 20
7

Figura 17 Figura 21
|c|- vocal , anterior palatal, semitancada [o] vocal, posterior / velar, semitancada,
arrodonida
Figura 22
8
Figura 23
9


3
dem figura 8
4
dem figura 11
5
dem figura7
6
dem figura 4
7
dem figura 5
8
dem figura 9
9
dem figura 1
7

Figura 24
[L]- consonant, oclusiu, velar, sord
Figura 25
10
Figura 26
11
Figura 27
12
Figura 28
13
Figura 29
14
Figura 30
15
Figura 31
16
Figura 32
17

Figura 33
18




anterior posterior
[jo] tancada > semitancada
Figura 34 no arrodonida arrodonida







10
dem figura 4
11
dem figura 11
12
dem figura 4
13
dem figura 24
14
dem figura 14
15
dem figura 3
16
dem figura 4
17
dem figura 5
18
dem figura 1
8
2.5 Representaci dels fonemes voclics catalans








i
si
a
tenim
el
que
9









e
b
u
problema
c
s
a
contenci
u
a
j
u
la
u
no
10
English text
2.6 Orthographic transcription
The schools educators, who ensure mission policies are legal, have found
schools breaking the code. And around half the cases looked out including
schools giving preferences to children baptize earlier in life, sending unfair
aptitude tests and changing the catchment areas.
( BBC, Mark Doyle, News education and family, Fears over new shools
admissions code, 16 april 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-
13101905)

2.7 Phonetic transcription
/o sLu:Iz cdjuLcIl(o)iz hu: inj: mIj(o)n pnIosis u: II:go hv !aund sLu
:Iz biciLip o Loud ond oiaund hu:! o Lcisiz IuLl aul inLu:dip sLu:Iz
givip pic!oionsiz lu: ljiIdion bpluIz :Iio in IaI!, scndip :n!co plilju:d
lcsls nd ljcin dip o Lljmonl coiio./
2.8 Detailed phonetic transcription
| o sLu:Is cdj uLcioiz h`u: inj: mIjon pnIosis u: II:go|




11

2.9 Articulator classification with figures

Figure 1 Figure 2
[]- voiced, dental, fricative [o]- short, mid-central vowel


Figure 3 Figure 4
[s]- unvoiced, post- alveolar, fricative [L]- unvoiced, velar, plosive
12

Figure 5 Figure 6
|u:|- long, high-back vowel |I|- lateral, approximant

Figure 7
[z]- voiced, post-alveolar, fricative

13
Figura 10
19

Figure 11
20

Figure 8 Figure 9
[c]- short, mid- front, vowel [d] - voiced affricate

Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14
21

[cI]- short short [t]- unvoiced alveolar plosive
mid- frontal > centralised
high- front

19
Idem figure 4
20
Idem figure 2
21
Idem figure 2
14

Figure 15 Figure 16
22
Figure 17 Figure 18
23

[:]- median approximant [n] unvoiced, glottal, fricative
Figure 21

Figure 19 Figure 20
|i|- short, centralised, high- front vowel |n|- alveolar nasal


22
Idem figure 7
23
Idem figurre 5
15

Figure 22 Figure 23
|j|- unvoiced, palato-alveolar, fricative [:] - long, mid-central vowel


2.10 Representation of English vowels


a
The
u:
schools
who
t
a:
ensure
a
e
t
educators
16
3. Morfologia
Text catal
Ja s ben trist que, al nostre pas, algunes persones, quan volen fer-se notar, cridar
latenci i posar-se de moda, es treguin de la mniga un reguitzell de <<pseudo-
teories>> pretesament revolucionries que no serveixen per a altra cosa que no sigui
desconcertar els oients o lectors de bona fe sortosament de vegades, en aquest pas
ning no escolta gaire i tothom llegeix ms aviat poc-. I el que tamb resulta fora
descoratjador s que hom guarneixi aquestes <<faules hiperestsiques>> amb llustrins
de messianisme redemptor. Sn, en realitat apstols de la ignorncia col lectiva que,
volent-se fer passar per savis apcrifs, no poden amagar la seva condici de pedants
illustrats i cnics destar per casa.
(Pazos i Noguera, M.L. Lamenaa del catal light ISBN 84-86421-66-7)
3.1 Processos morfolgics
requitzell- re + guitz +ell que s derivat de la paraula reguitzada, que a la vegada
sha format del encreuament de rec + guitza, per tant s una
paraula composta, on reguitz (arrel) + ell(suffix), substantiu, singular
pseudo- teories pseudo + teori + es- paraula composta per pseudo(arrel) +
teori(arrel) + es(flexi nominal, plural)
Origen: pseudo- grec- psedos(falsetat, mentida)
teoria llat theoria, i aquest del grec theria( especulaci)
revolucionries- revoluci + nari- es- on revoluci (arrel)+ nari( infix) + es( flexi
adjectival, plural
Origen : del llat revolutio, nis ( girada, capgirament)
serveixen : serv + eix + en on serv( arrel del verb incoatiu servir, de la III conjugaci)
+ eix( suffix) + (en flexi verbal, persona III plural, present
dindicatiu)
17
Origen: del llat servire, derivat de servus( esclau, servent)
Desconcertar: de + concert + ar, on de( prefix) + concert (arrel) + ar (flexi verbal
del verb de la primera conjugaci)
Origen : de + concertar ( arranjar, acordar), i el concertar, del llat : certus, -a, -
um, derivat del crnre ( decidir)
Sortosament : sort + os + ment, paraula derivada on sort (arrel) + os(infix) + ment(
suffix)
Categoria gramatical: adverbi
Origen : llat - sors, srtis (sort); ment suffix del llat mentum-(acci)
Hiperestsiques derivat del hiperestsia, hiper (prefix)+ estesi(arrel) + qu (infix)+es(
suffix), adjectiu, plural
Origen : hiper- forma prefixada del mot grec hypr ( sobre, damaunt de)
Messianisme: derivat de messies( corrent histric del poble d Israel) compost per
messia( arrel) + n(infix) + isme( suffix), substantiu mascul
Origen: del llat Messias, i aquest a la vegada del grec Messas, aquest de
larameu meschkh i aques de lhebreu mschakh (ungit de Deu)
el sufix - isme, del llat ismus ( teoria, doctrina)
Redemptor: derivat de redemt( arrel) + or( suffix), adjectiu, mascul, singular
Origen: del llat: rdemptor, - ris
Apstols: apstol( arrel) + s( flexi nominal, plural, mascul)
Origen: del llat apostolus, i aquest del grec apstolos- enviat
Ignorncia: derivat de ignor( arrel) +ncia( flexi nominal, femen, singular)
18
Origen: del llat ignorantia; el suffix ncia del llat antia( que denota la
presncia duna propietat o qualitat)

English text
I wanted the pleasure of being in Africa again. Feeling that the place was so large it
contained many untold tales and some hope and comedy and sweetness, too, I aimed to
reinsert myself in the bundu, as we used to call the bush, and to wander the antique
hinterland. There I had lived and worked happily, almost forty years ago, in the heart of
greenest continent.
In those old undramatic days of my school teaching in the bundu, folks lived their lives
on bush paths at the end of unpaved roads of red clay, in villages of grass- roofed huts
(Theroux, P. Dark Star Safari)

A multi-tiered replica of the wedding cake will also go on view, when the palace is next
opened to the public. Meanwhile, St James's Palace says that the duke and duchess are
to move into a home at Kensington Palace. The couple will spend time both there and
north Wales, where Prince William is currently working as an RAF search and rescue
helicopter pilot.
(Royal wedding dress to go on show at Buckingham Palace, The Duchess of
Cambridge's wedding dress is to be placed on display at Buckingham Palace. BBC, 6
June 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13663507)

3.2 Morphologic processes
Wanted: want( root) + ed ( verbal inflection, denoting the past participle and the past
simple)
Origin : Old English, old norse, vant
19
Pleasure: please ( root) + ure( suffix, uncountable noun)
Origin: middle English, from Old French, plaisir- to please
Feeling: derivative word, where feel (root) + ing( suffix inflection)
Origin : old English felan, derivated from West Germanic
Untold: prefix inflection un (prefix) + told (from the verb tell, in this case is an
adjective)
Origin: from Old English unteald ( not counted)
prefix un- old English, of Germanic origin, denoting the absence of a quality or
state
tell- old English, of Germanic origin
Sweetness : derivative from sweet (root) + ness( suffix)
Origin: old English swete, of Germanic origin: ness- denotes a state or condition,
from old English nes, - ness, of Germanic origin.
Reinsert: derivational prefix : re( prefix) + insert (verbal root)
Origin: re- from Latin re, -red, (again, back); insert from Latin insert, inserere (
put in)
Antique : ant(prefix) + i(infix) + que( suffix), derived from Latin antiquus, anticus-
(former, ancient, from ante before)
Hinterland: composed noun, hinter( root) + land( root)
Origin: Germanic, from hinter( behind) + land
Happily: : happy( root) + i(inserted vowel) + ly ( derivational suffix, to form the adverb)
Origin: from middle English hap, from old norse happ; y- Germanic origin
20
Greenest: from green (root) + est(inflectional suffix , denoting the superlative of the
adverb)
Origin: Germanic origin related to grass and grow.
Continent: derivation, contin( root) + ent( suffix), singular noun
Origin: from Latin Terra continens- (continuous land)
Palace: derived from Latin palatium, the name of the Palatime hill in Rome, where the
house of the emperor was situated
Multi- tiered: compound word, multi(prefix) + tiere( root) + d( suffix),
Origin: multi, adv- from Latin multus much, many; tire, adj from French- sequence,
order
St Jamess Palace : St. abbreviation for Saint,
Jamess- inflectional suffix, known as the Synthetic Genitive, to denote someones
possession.
RAF- is an acronym( a word formed from the initial letters of the several words in the
name), where in this context stands for Royal Air Force. In other contexts could also
mean Red Army Fraction, Resource Allocation Formula, etc.

Texto en castellano
La dialectologa, la gran aportacin de la romanstica a los estudios lingsticos, se
halla ciertamente en crisis, colocada un tanto de espaldas a los movimientos
renovadores de la lingstica surgidos en las ltimas dcadas. Aferrada, en general, a
viejos moldes de estudio, la dialectologa se recoge hoy sobre s misma, o se refugia en el
campo etnogrfico, sin decidirse a exigir voz y voto en la asamblea de la lingstica
general moderna
21
(Catalan, D. Las lenguas circunvecinas del castellano, edit. Parafino S.A, Madrid
1989, ISBN 84-283-1704-6-)
3.3 Procesos morfolgicos
Dialectologa: palabra formada por composicin, dialect ( raz) + o( infixo) + logia( raz)
Origen: del Latn: dialectus y ste del griego; logia- lonja (centro de contratacin
de mercaderes, del francs antiguo loge.
Aportacin: afijacin flexiva y derivativa a(prefijo) + porta( raz) + cin( suffix)
Origen: del latn apportatio, -onis, y ste de ad + portare( llevar9
Romanstica: afijacin ,derivacin, roman ( raz) + stica( suffix)
Origen: del latn- romanicus, romano
Ciertamente : inflexin voclica y afijacin flexiva, derivaci; ciert( raz) + a(inflexin)
+ mente (sufijo)
Origen: del latn certus- decidido, preciso; mente: del latn mente, ablativo de
mens, -tis, - inteligencia, propsito, forma adverbios a partir de adjetivos.
Renovadores: afijacin flexiva, re( prefijo) + novad( raz)+ or ( infijo) + es(inflexin de
sufijo adjetival, plural)
Origen: del latn: renovator, -oris
Surgidos: afijacin flexiva, surg( raz) + idos( flexin nominal)
Origen: del latn : surgere
ltimas: afijacin flexiva, ltima(raz) + s ( flexin adjetival, plural)
Origen: del latn ultmus
Dcadas: afijacin flexiva, dcada( raz) + s( flexin nominal, substantivo femenino,
plural)
22
Origen: del latn: decda y este del griego.
Aferrada: afijacin flexiva y derivativa, a( prefijo) + ferr( raz ) + ad( infijo) + a ( flexin
nominal, singular, femenino)
Origen: a del latn ad + ferro, del latn ferrum
Asamblea : cero afijacin
Origen: del francs assembl