T HC PHOTOSHOP CS6

(Su tm v bin son)

Mc lc
Bi 1 - Cc tnh nng c bn Photoshop CS6 ...................... 4
1. Giao din lm vic .................................................................... 4
2. Tu bin Photoshop CS6 ....................................................... 11
3. Cc xc lp ca Photoshop ................................................... 18
Bi 2 - a vo cc File nh ................................................31
1. a nh vo Photoshop ........................................................ 31
2. B cc nh ............................................................................. 38
3. In nh ...................................................................................... 45
Bi 3 - Tinh chnh cc vng sng v ti ..............................52
1. S dng cc Histogram ......................................................... 52
3. S dng cc tnh nng iu chnh t ng .......................... 57
4. Levels v Curves .................................................................... 59
5. Mt s cng c khc .............................................................. 67
Bi 4 Ty chnh mu sc ..................................................77
1. Mu trong Photoshop CS6..................................................... 77
2. iu chnh mu trong Photoshop ......................................... 85
3. Chnh sa cc tng mu da ................................................. 105
Bi 5 - Ho trn cc lp mu vi nhau .............................. 107
1. Cch hot dng ca ch lp .......................................... 107
2. Tch mu v tng mu......................................................... 122
Bi 6 Vng chn trn nh ............................................... 132
1. Xc nh ni lm vic vi cc vng chn ........................... 132
2. Mt vng chn trn nh ....................................................... 133
3. Feathering v Anti-aliasing .................................................. 135
4. To cc vng chn vi cc cng c ................................... 137
5. Cc lnh chn ...................................................................... 144
6. Cc mt n ............................................................................ 153
7. Cc iu chnh...................................................................... 160
Bi 7 - Kt hp nh vi cc lp ......................................... 165
1. Kt hp cc phn nh vi cc lp ...................................... 165
2. B lc Vanishing Point ........................................................ 173
3. Kt hp cc nh t ng ..................................................... 177
4. Thm cc hiu ng m thut v sng to ........................... 182
Bi 8 Tinh chnh nh v to hiu ng ............................. 196
1. Hon chnh cc bc chn dung........................................... 196
2. Lm cho cc nh p hn ................................................... 196
3. Gim nhiu trong cc nh.................................................... 206
4. Loi b cc thnh phn khng cn thit khi nh gc ...... 209
5. To bong bng trong bc nh ............................................. 215
6. To hiu ng nh lng nhau................................................ 233
7. To hiu ng phng to trong bc nh ................................ 247
8. To hiu ng gn nc trong bc nh .............................. 254














Bi 1 - Cc tnh nng c bn Photoshop CS6
1. Giao din lm vic
Trong bi ny khng trnh by chi tit tt c cc menu, Palette, v
cng c Photoshop CS6 m ch nu mt s khi nim hot ng c
bn. Tuy nhin, bn ng lo, bn c th tm hiu cch s dng cc
lnh v cc cng c nht nh trong sut cun sch ny, trong cc
bi ph hp nht vi chng. Trong bi ny, bn s khm ph nh
cch nhn bit cc lnh menu no c cc hp thoi, tam gic nh
nm mt gc ca Palette c chc nng g, v nhng cng c no
khng s dng thanh Options. Bn cng s tm hiu cch to tu
bin mi trng Photoshop lm vic nhanh hn v hiu qu hn.
K tip, bn s hc cch ci t Preferences v Color Settings ca
Photoshop. Mc cui ca bi y c l l mc quan trng nht
trong ton b cun sch ny - gii thch nhng g cn thc hin
Photoshop c v hot ng khng ng cch.

a. Cc Palette
Photoshop (v cc chng trnh khc trong b Adobe Creative
Suite) s dng cc Palette di ng. Cc Palette ny lun xut hin
phn trn cng ca ca s nh. Mt s chng nm dc theo mp
phi ca mn hnh. Ca s nh s khng bao gi che giu cc
Palette. (Tuy nhin, cc Palette c th che du cc Palette khc).
Thanh Options (nm ngang qua nh ca vng lm vic) v
Toolbox (hay thanh cng c) nm dc theo mp tri ca mn hnh
cng cc Palette.
Cc Palette c cc tnh nng Photoshop m bn c th cn truy cp
thng xuyn. Khng phi lc no bn cng cn c cc Palette hin
th. Trong Photoshop, nhn phm Tab che giu tt c cc Palette
hoc nhn Shift+Tab che du c ngoi tr Toolbox v thanh
Options. Vi t Palette hin th hn, Palette bn c th to nhiu ch
hn cho nh ca bn. Bn c th che giu v hin th cc Palette
mt cch c chn lc thng qua menu Windows.

Nh bn thy hnh trn nhiu Palette c th c xp lng (c
nhm li vi nhau). a mt Palette ra pha trc, hy nhp vo
tab ca n. Bn cng c th r tab ca mt Palette di chuyn n
khi mt nhm n mt v tr bt k trn mn hnh hoc vo mt
nhm khc. Ngoi ra, cui bn phi ca thanh Options l Palette
Well. Theo mc nh Palette Well ny cha cc Palette Brushes,
Tool Pre-sets, v Layer Comp. Hy r tab ca mt Palette vo
Palette Well a n ra theo cch ca bn nhng vn gi cho n
d truy cp.
Nu nhiu Palette ca Photoshop c th c nh li kch c.
Ging nh mt ca s nh, bn r gc pha di bn phi ca
Palette m rng hay thu hp n. Bn cng c nhiu nt iu
khin tnh hin th v kch c ca Palette hay nhm Palette. Hy
xem hnh minh ha pha di, nhng ngi dng Macintosh c ba
nt gc trn bn tri ca Palette, v nhng ngi dng Windows
c mt cp nt nm pha trn bn phi.

- Nhp nt phi che giu Palette (hay nhm Palette)
- Nhp nt tri ti u ho.
Hu nh tt c Palette Photoshop u c mt menu Palette. Bn c
th chn nhiu tu chn khc nhau trong nenu ny. (Toolbox v
thanh Options khng c cc menu). Bn m menu Palette bng cch
nhp vo tam gic nh nm gc trn bn phi ca Palette. Menu
Palette cha nhng tu chn nh kch c thumbnail (chng hn cc
Palette Layers, Channels, v Paths), cch hin th cc mc trong
Palette (Swatches, Styles, v Brushes trong s cc mc khc), hoc
kch c v ni dung ca Palette (info v Histogram). Khi Palette
c nu c nh trng Palette Well, tam gic vn c tc dng m
menu s xut hin trong tab ca Palette.
Ni dung ca mt s Palette thay i t ng khi bn lm vic vi
nh ca bn. Hy thm vo mt lp v Palette Layer s hin th mt
lp mi. Nu bn lu mt vng chn, Palette Channel s hin th
mt knh alpha mi. Khi bn r mt cng c xp, Palette Layer
nhn mt lp mi v Palette Path hin th mt n vector ca lp .
Bn iu khin mt s Palette khc bng cch ti (v xo) ni dung
thng qua cc menu Palette hoc bng lnh Edit | Preset Manager.
Hy s dng Preset Manager lu cc tp hp tu bin ca bn
cng nh ti v xo cc mc ra khi cc Palette.

Ngoi ni dung ca cc Palette Brushes, Swatches, Styles, v Tool
Presets, bn s dng Preset Manager vi mt s picker (b chn).
Cc picker l mt loi mini-Palette, ch c sn vi cc cng c v
tnh nng nht nh. Cc picker Gradient v Custom Shape c
truy cp thng qua thanh Options khi cc cng c ang c s
dng. Picker Pattern c tm thy trong hp thoi Fill, hp thoi
Layer Style, v (vi mt s cng c) trong thanh Options. Picker
Contour c s dng vi 6 hiu ng trong hp thoi Layer Style.
Photoshop CS6 gii thiu mt s s thay i quan trng i vi
Palette Layers, nh minh ha hnh di y:

Cc tp hp lp khng cn na. Ct Link cng bin mt. Thay vo
, Photoshop CS6 cung cp cho bn tnh nng chn nhiu lp
bng cch nhn Shift+nhp v Ctrl+nhp. Bn c th bin i nhiu
lp, nhng bn khng th thm ni dung vo nhiu lp cng lc
gi s, lp u mt vng chn trn hay hay ba lp bn cng khng
th p dng mt style lp cho nhiu lp ng thi. Bn c th lin
kt v to cc nhm lp (tng ng chc nng ca cc tp hp
lp) t cc lp c chn thng qua menu Layers.
b. Cc cng c
Bn iu khin s hot ng ca cc cng c Photoshop thng qua
thanh Options. Ngoi tr mt vi cng c lin quan n ng dn
(Direct Selection, Add Anchor Point, Delete Anchor Point, v con-
vert Point), mi cng c trong Photoshop u c cc tu chn.
Thanh Options thay i khi bn chuyn i cc cng c. V trong
mt s trng hp, thanh Options thay i trong khi bn lm vic
vi cng c. Trong trng hp ca cng c Crop, nh hnh minh
ha di y:

Bn c mt tp hp tu chn trc khi bn r cng c v mt tp
hp khc sau khi thit lp hp bin.
Cch hot ng ca mt s cng c thay i khi bn thm mt hay
nhiu phm chnh sa (Ctrl, Shift, v Alt). Chng hn, cc phm
chnh sa c th tc ng n s hot ng ca cng c. Chng ta
s xem xt cc cng c Rectangular Marquee v Elliptical Marquee.
- Nhn gi phm Shift trong khi r: Thng thng cc cng c
chn marquee l c dng t do - bn r theo bt k cch no bn
thch. Mt khc, khi bn nhn gi phm Shift lc bn ang r bn p
buc cc t l ca vng chn theo mt hnh vung hay hnh trn
(thay v mt hnh ch nht hay lip)
- Nhn gi phm Atl trong khi r: Khi bn nhn gi phm
Option/Alt trong khi ang r mt cng c chn marquee, vng chn
s c t ngay chnh gia im m bn nhp ln u tin.
Thay v l mt gc ca vng chn, im bt u l tm ca vng
chn.
- Nhn gi cc phm Shift v Alt trong khi r: Bn c th chn t
tm trong khi p buc cc t l bng cch s dng cc phm Shift v
Alt kt hp vi nhau.
- S dng phm Shift thm vo mt vng chn hin c: Nu
bn c mt vng chn hot ng trong nh, vic nhn Shift+r
mt cng c chn s thm vo vng . (Nhn Shift trc khi bn
nhp v r)
- S dng phm Alt loi bt khi mt vng chn hin c: Khi
bn c mt vng chn v bn nhn gi phm Alt, bn c th r
loi bt khi vng chn . Lu trong hnh di y, con tr ca
cng c chn hin th mt du tr nh khi loi bt khi mt vng
chn.
- p buc vi phm Shift hoc Alt: Bn thm ch c th p buc
cc t l hay chn t tm v thm hoc loi bt khi mt vng chn.
Nhn phm Shift ( thm vo mt vng chn hin c) hoc phm
Alt ( loi bt khi vng chn hin c). Nhp v bt u r cng
c chn marquee. Trong khi tip tc nhn gi nt chut, hy th
phm b xung v nhn gi Shift ( p buc cc t l) hay Alt (
canh gi vng chn) hoc c hai; sau tip tc r cng c chn
ca bn. Bn c th mun s dng k thut ny khi to mt vng
chn c hnh dng donut. Hy r vng chn hnh trn ban u, sau
loi bt mt vng chn hnh trn nh hn ra khi tm ca hnh
trn ban u.
Hy th lm vic vi cc phm b xung trong khi ang lm vi cc
cng c. Bn lun lun c lnh Undo (Ctrl+Z) undo cc thao tc
m bn thc hin.
2. Tu bin Photoshop CS6
Vic to tu bin Photoshop khng ch gip bn lm vic nhanh
hn v hiu qu hn, m cn gip bn lm vic chnh xc hn v
trnh bt cc li c th xy ra. Chng ta s xem xt vic s dng
mt Preset ca cng c Crop to mt tm nh 5x7 300 pixel
trn mi inch (ppi). Mt Preset nh vy s lun to ra cc kch
thc mt cch chnh xc. Vic ci t cng c Crop mi ln
bn cn mt tm nh c 5x7 300 ppi khng ch ph thi gian m
cn m ca cho cc li khc xm nhp vo.
a. Tu bin vng lm vic
Mt trong nhng cch d nht lm vic hiu qu hn l thy nh
ca bn r hn. Ni chung cng ln th cng tt, v vy bn c cng
nhiu ch hin th artwork ca bn trn monitor th bn c th
phng ln v thc hin cng vic cng chnh xc. Cch d nht
gia tng vng lm vic (workspace)? Hy nhn phm Tab che
giu cc Palette ca Photoshop. Vic nhn Shift+tab s che giu tt
c cc Palette ngoi tr thanh Options v Toolbox.
Bn cng c th r cc Palette m bn cn dng thng xuyn n
Palette Well v che du cc Palette khc. ng qun rng cc
Palette chnh c c phm tt c gn hin th v che giu.
Mc d cc phm tt c th c to tu bin, nhng sau y l cc
phm F c gn ca cc Palette chnh (cc phm chc nng nm
u bn phm).
- Actions: Alt+F9
- Brushes: F5
- Color:F6
- Info: F8
- Layers: F7
Cch hiu qu nht tu bin vng lm vic l to cc vng lm
vic (Workspace) chuyn bit. Sp xp cc Palette ng nh bn
cn cho mt cng vic c th m m bn thng thc hin, chn
Windows | Workspace | New Workspace, v t tn Workspace cho
loi cng vic .

Sau , bn c th to mt vng Workspace chuyn bit cho mi
loi cng vic m bn thc hin. Chng hn, khi bn thc hin vic
chnh sa mu, bn cn nhn thy Palette Histogram (trong khung
xem m rng), Palette Info, v Palette Channels. Hy sp xp cc
Palette theo cch bn cn chng v sau che du cc Palette
cn li, lu workspace vi tn Color Correction. Hoc, khi bn to
cc nh minh ha trong Photoshop, bn cn nhn thy ng thi hai
Palette Layers v Paths. R mt Palette ra khi nhm tch bit
n, t c hai Palette mt ni tin li.
truy cp mt workspace lu, hy n menu Windows |
Workspace v chn n t danh sch cui menu, nh minh ha
hnh di y:

Bn s thy mt s workspace tu bin c xc lp sn trong
menu.
tu bin cc menu ca Photoshop, bn chn lnh Edit | Menus.
(Bn cng c th m Edit | Keyboard Shortcuts v nhp tab
Menu).

Bn s tm thy mi lnh menu c lit k. Bn cng c tu chn
y l che giu mt lnh hoc gn mt mu tu bin d dng
nhn bit n trong menu. Chng hn, bn c th che giu cc b lc
ngh thut m bn cha bao gi s dng, v to m mu cho cc b
lc khc theo cch bn thch hoc cch bn s dng chng.

Ngoi cc lnh menu trnh ng dng (t cc menu nm u mn
hnh), bn c th chuyn i pop up Menus For sang cc menu
Palette v to ty bin cc menu . Nh lu cch sp xp menu tu
bin ca bn vi nt nm ngay bn phi ca pop up Settigs. Tp
hp menu m bn lu s xut hin trong pop-up Settings bn
d dng truy cp.
b. Gn cc phm tt
Cc phm tt ca Photoshop c th gip bn tit kim kh nhiu thi
gian. Thay v di chuyn chut ti Toolbox chn cng c Brush,
bn ch cn nhn B trn bn phm. m hp thoi Levels, bn
nhn Ctrl+L thay v di chuyn chut n Image, xung menu con
Adjustments, sau di chuyn qua v xung n Levels.
Photoshop CS6 c cc t hp phm tt m bn c th to tu bin.
Bi v tp hp phm tt mc nh ny kh chun khng ch trong
b Adobe Cre-ative Suite m cn vi cc chng trnh ln khc
nn bn c l s c phc v tt nht nu ch thc hin vi thai
i. Hy s dng lnh Edit | Keyboard Shortcuts, nh minh ha
hnh di y, to cc phn gn phm tt ny:

- S dng Ctrl+P truy cp Print with Preview: Khi bn s
dng Print with Pre-view, bn s c nhiu s iu kin hn khi bn
s dng lnh Print n gin. Do s ngha hn nu bn s dng
phm tt n gin hn v ph bin hn cho lnh . Hy nh v tr
lnh Print with Preview trong hp thoi (bn di menu File) v
nhp phm tt hin hnh. G phm tt mi. Lu rng Photoshop
cnh bo bn v vic phm tt c s dng. Ch cn thay i
lnh Print sang Ctrl+Alt+P gii quyt s xung t.
- Thay i Ctrl+Z s dng Step Backward: Trong phn ln
cc chng trnh, vic Ctrl+Z s lin tc undo - o ngc qua mt
chui cc hnh ng trc y trong chng trnh. Tuy nhin, trong
Photoshop, t hp phm tt chuyn i mt chc nng
Undo/Redo; ngha l nhn mt ln undo, v nhn ln th hai
o ngc lnh undo. Hy lm cho Photoshop tun theo thao tc
undo ph bin i vi cc chng trnh khc. Trong Keyboard
Shortcuts, di Edit, thay i Ctrl +Z sang Step Backward v sau
s dng Ctrl+Alt+Z chuyn i gia Undo v Redo.
- Gn cc phm tt cho cc lnh thng dng: Smart Blur (hoc
Gaussian Blur) c th c gn Ctrl+G/Ctrl+Shift+Alt+G. Smart
Sharpen (hay Unsharp Mask) c th c gn Ctrl+Shift+Alt+U.
Hy s dng Ctrl+Shift+R cho lnh Image Size. Khi bn lm vic
vi Photosho, hy ch n cc lnh menu khc m bn thng
truy cp v ghi nh cc phm tt ca chng hoc gn cc phm tu
bin.
c. To cc tool preset
Mt trong nhng cha kho gip bn lm vic chnh xc v hiu
qu trng Photoshop l s dng cng c ph hp vi cng vic.
Chng hn, cng c Patch sao chp ch mu kt cu (texture). Nu
bn cn che ph mt vng trn khun mt ca mt khch hng, bn
cn cng c Clone Stamp thay v cng c Patch.
Bn c th bo m rng bn ang s dng khng ch ng cng c
m cn s dng ng cc xc lp cho cngc bng cch to cc
tool preset (cc xc lp sn ca cng c). Cc tool preset ny cha
cc xc lp ca bn t thanh Options. Bn chn cng c xc lp
sn (v d nhin l ni bt ngun ca tn ny) t Palette Tool
Presets hoc t cui bn tri ca thanh Options, nh minh ha
hnh di y:

Mc d hu nh bt k cng c no cng l mt n c tt cho cc
tool preset, nhng mt s ch n thun l dng t nhin. Chng ta
s xem xt cng c Type. Khi bn xem xt tt c cc tu chn cho
cng t Type khng ch trong thanh Options m cng thong cc
Palette Character v Paragraph, hon ton c nhiu th chn v
theo di. m bo ni dung nht qun gia cc d n, bn nn
to cc tool preset cho mi d n, bao gm c dng tiu v ni
dung chnh, cc hiu ng c bit type trng tm, v thm ch c
thng tin bn quyn.
Mt n c lgc khc cho cc tool preset l cng c Crop. Nh s
c trnh by bi tip theo, mt bc nh chp t mt my nh k
thut s cp cao c mt t s hng (mi quan h gia chiu rng
v chiu cao ca nh) l 2:3, cc t s hng ca cc tm nh in v
khung nh l 4:5 (i vi cc tm nh in c 8 x 10), 5:7, v 13:19
(i vi cc tm nh in c ln). (Mt s my nh gi thp hn chp
vi cc t s hng khc nhau). Bn s nhn thy mnh thng cn
xn mt nh n mt kch c nht nh p ng cc yu cu in
n. V ng qun phn gii. Vic in vi kch c chnh xc nhng
phn gii sai s lm bn hao ph giy v mc! Hy ci t
nhiu preset cho cng c Crop vi cc kch c in tiu biu bo
m rng bn lun xn chnh xc.
3. Cc xc lp ca Photoshop
Preferences cp chng trnh v Color Settings lun gip bn
trong mi vic bn thc hin trong Photoshop. Cc tu chn m bn
chn trong Preferences ca Photoshop (hay gi n gin l Prefs)
iu khin nhiu kha cnh hot ng c bn ca chng trnh. Cc
mc c chn trong hp thoi Color Settings xc nh din mo
ca tc phm, c trn mn hnh v trong bn in.
a. Xc lp Preferences
File Preferences ca Photoshop cha nhiu thng tin v cch bn s
dng chng trnh. D bn thch o n v inch hay pixel, bn
mun li v cc ng dn hng dn c hin th nh th no,
bn thch cc thumbnail kch c no trong Palette, bn s dng
font no cui cng - tt c cc loi d liu u c lu gi trong
Prefs. Nhiu thng tin trong preferences c chn t ng khi bn
lm vic (chng hn nh kch c v ch mu ca ti liu mi m
bn va to, Palette Character c hin th hay khng khi ln cui
bn tt chng trnh, v cc tu chn cng c no c chn
thanh Options), nhng bn phi ch ng trong vic chn s cc tu
chn trong hp thoi Preferences ca Photoshop nh minh ha
hnh di y:

Bn m Prefs bng t hp phm tt Ctrl+K, v menu con
Preferences nm bn di menu Edit. Cc xc lp mc nh hon
ton c th chp nhn c, nhng sau y l mt s hp thoi
Preferences m bn tm thy chng trong cc mc .
b. Preferences | General
Nu bn s thc hin nhiu thao tc nh li kch c v t l trong
Photoshop, hy xem xt vic thay i phng php Image
Interpolation. Hy s dng Bicubic Smoother nu bn thng
xuyn tng cc kch thc pixel; chn Bicubic Sharper khi gim
kch c. Nu bn lm vic trn mt monitor c xc lp sang
phn gii 1024x768 pixel, hy xem xt vic thay i UI (user
interface) Font Size sang Small. Tu chn ny s thu hp cc
Palette v to nhiu ch hn bn lm vic.
Nu bn thng xuyn s dng Adobe Bridge, hy nh du hp
kim khi ng chng trnh t ng. V xem xt vic lu t
ng history log vi mi file, trong mt file text, hay hon ton
khng lu. (History log theo di mi s thay i m bn thc hin
cho mt file; tuy nhin dng metadata, n s lm tng kch c file.
Hy c mt metadata history log bng cch s dng ln File | File
info).

c. Preferences | File Handling
Cc khung xem trc nh s lm tang kch c file, nhng trong
phn ln trng hp, bn mun a vo khung xem trc. Trn cc
my Macs, bn c tu chn a vo hoc khng a vo mt
phn m rng file (hoc nh Photoshop hi bn vo mic ln).
Ngay c khi bn khng d nh chia x cc file vi mt my
Windows, bn cng nn lun a vo phn m rng file trong tn
file bng cch chn tu chn Always. Tng t, bn nn lun tng
ti a tnh tng thch file PSD v PSB. iu ny bo m rng cc
file Photoshop CS6 ca bn c th c m (vi cng nhiu tnh
nng c gi li cng tt) trong cc phin bn trc y ca
chng trnh v bo m chng s hot ng chnh xc vi cc
chng trnh khc trong b Creative Site. Nu bn ang lm bic
trong mt nhm (vi hay hay nhiu ngi cng lm vic trn mt
d n ), bn nn s dng Version Cue (thnh phn ca Creative
Suite) qun l cc file cng vic. y l mt cch tt trnh
tnh trng nhn bit phin bo no l c mu no.

d. Preferences | Cursors
Mt im mi trong Photoshop CS6 l c nhiu cch hin th cc
con tr cho cc cng c t. Trong cc phin bn trc y, bn c
th hin th biu tng cng c (Standard), mt du thp nh
(Precise), hay mt dng trnh by u c ca cng c, nhm cho
bit kch c v hnh dng ca c (Precise), vi cc c c mp mm,
con tr brush size s cho bit ni cng c s c p dung vi ca
bn 50% hoc cao hn. Tu chn hin c gi l Normal Brush
Tip, v bn c mt phng php khc (Full Size Brush Tip) lun
hin th ton b phm vi ca u c, bt k xc lp Hardness l bao
nhiu.

Mt im mi khc l tu chn thm mt crosshair vo gia mi
con tr brush-size. Tu chn croshair thch hp cho vic gi mt c
chnh gia dc theo mp hay ng dn, v hu nh loi b nhu
cu s dng tu chn con tr Precise.
Khi lm vic vi mt c mm, vic thay i tt c cc pixel c
thay i ch i cht c th khng cung cp cho bn mt khung xem
chnh xc v cng vic m bn thc hin. (Con tr Normal Brush
Tip hin th bn tri v tu chn Show Crosshair in Brush Tip
hin th gc di bn tri).
e. Preferences | Transparency & Gamut
Nu bn nhn thy mu car trng xm lm mt tiu im ca cc
nh c trong sut, bn c th x lp Grid Size sang None, to
mt nn trng thun tu trong cc vng trong sut ca artwork. Nu
bn thng lm vic trong ch grayscale (thang xm), bn c
th mun thay i mu ca li trong sut sang mu tng phn
nh ca bn, c th l mu xanh nht hoc mu vng nht.

f. Preferences | Units &Rulers
Nu bn to cc nh ha Web thay v in cc nh, c l bn s
mun thay i n v o ca Photoshop t Inch sang Pixel. Lu
rng bn c th thay i n v o bng cch nhp phi (chut
nhiu nt) vo cc thc trong nh ca bn. Nu bn thng in
mt phn gii khc 300ppi, bn cng c th mun iu chnh
phn gii mc nh cho cc ti liu mi vi kch c in mong mun.

g. Preferences | Guides, Grid & Slices
T Photoshop CS4 c mt tnh nng mi, l Smart Guides (cc
ng hng dn thng minh). Cc ng ny t ng xut hin v
bin mt khi bn r ni dung ca mt lp vo v ra khi s ging
thng vi ni dung ca cc lp khc. Smart Guides (c mu
thm theo mc nh) hin th khi ni dung ca lp m bn ang r
ging thng chnh xc vi cc mp hay vi tm ca ni dung trong
cc lp khc.
Mt tu chn m bn c th mun thay i trong ny ca
Preferences l Show Slice Numbers. Cc s slice xut hin gc
trn bn tri ca mi slice khi bn ang chi nh nh ha Web.
Tr khi bn d nh hiu chnh tng nh ring l sau ny, c l bn
khng cn bit slice ny l slice no v vy cc s slice thng
khng cn thit. Hy xo chn hp kim ny gim bt s xao
lng.

h. Preferences | Plug-Ins
Nu bn c cc plug-in ca nhm th ba, cc b lc, v nhng th
m bn mua ring s dng trng Photoshop, hy xem xt vic s
dng mt foder th hai cho cc plugins , bn ngoi folder
Photoshop v gi foder l Additional Plugin Folder trong
Preferences. Vic c thm cc plugin bn ngoi folder Photoshop c
ngha l bn s khng phi ci t li chng nu bn phi thay th
Photoshop. Nu c bt k mt trong cc plugin thuc Photoshop
6 v vn lm vic, bn c th cn nhp s seri ca Photoshop 6 nh
l mt s k tha cc plugin nhn bit phin bn mi.

i. Preferences | Type

T Photoshop CS4 c thm mt mi vo Preferences bn c
th chn cc tu chn c lin quan n type. Photoshop hin th
menu font trong tn ca mi font trong tng mt ch thc s, v
bn c th ch nh kch c ca khung xem trc y.
j. Cc xc lp mu
Nu bn khng qun l mu mt cch kho lo, cc nh ca bn s
khng in chnh xc. i vi phn ln nhng ngi dng Photoshop,
s qun l mu c th c thc hin vi mt vi mc chn chnh
trong hp thoi Edit | Color Settings.

- Chn mt vng lm vic RGB: M hp thoi Color Settings
(bn di menu Edit) v chn vng lm vic RGB ca bn khong
mu m bn hiu chnh v to trong khong . Nu bn ch yu
to cc nh ha Web, hy gi cc nh ca bn n mt phng
ra nh nh in, hoc in bng my in phun mc vn s dng ch
bn mu mc (lc lam, thm, vng, v en), chn sRGB lm
khong mu ca bn. Nu bn in ra mt my in phun mc loi tt
hay loi bnh thng hoc chun b artwork m n s c chuyn
sang mt khong mu CMYK, hy chn Adobe RGB. Nu bn c
phn cng v phn mm to mt profile tu bin cho monitor
ca my tnh, hy s dng profile .
- Chn chuyn i cc nh sang vng lm vic ca bn:
Trong vng Color Management Policies ca hp thoi Color
Settng, hy chn RGB: Converl to Working RGB. iu ny bo
m cc nh m bn nhn thy trn mn hnh thc s s dng
profile hot ng ca bn.
- Tt cnh bo khng ph hp: Xo chn cc hp kim cho cc
cnh bo gy phin phc v ph thi gian vn xut hin trn mn
hnh bt k lc no bn m mt nh c mt profile khc vi vng
lm vic ca bn. Bn ang c nh chuyn sang vng lm vic
ca bn - bn khng cn xc nhn li quyt nh ny mt ln thc
hin.
- Xut nh s dng Print with Preview: Khi n lc in, bn s c
c cc tm nh in chnh xc nht khi bn s dng File | Print with
Preview. Trong hp thoi ny, hy nhp nt More Options. Trong
vng Print ca mt Color Management, chn Document duy tr
vng ngun l vng lm vic ca bn. Trong vng Options, chn
Handling: Let Photoshop Determine Colors v chn profile ca my
in dnh cho giy m bn d nh in trn dng Profile ca my
in dnh cho giy m bn d nh in trn dng Printes Profile.
S dng Relative Colori-metric lm mt t m phng v gi cho
hp Black Point Com-phensation c nh du kim.
Cc hng dn trn y thch hp cho hu ht nhng ngi dng
Photoshop ngoi tr vi trng hp c bit sau y:
- Bn ch to cc nh ha Web. Trong hp thoi Color
Settings, chn Settings: Color Management Off. Trong hp thoi
Save For Web, pha trn bn phi ca vng xem trc, chn
Uncompnated Color. Khi lu nh dng file JPEG, ng nhng
cc profile ICC. (Cc profile ICC thc hin cc iu chnh nht
nh cho din mo ca cc nh). Khi bn loi b cc profile mu ra
khi phng trnh, bn ang to cc nh Web m bt k b trnh
duyt Web no cng c th hin th chnh xc.
- Bn chun b nh in offset hay in flexographic: Cc nh ca
bn s kt thc mt khong mu CMYK. Hy lin h vi ngi
ang chun b ti liu dn trang m cc nh ca bn s c t
trong hoc lin h trc tip vi c s in. Tm hiu bn nn s
dng profile mu CMYK no. V d nhin, c kh nng bn s phi
cung cp cc nh RGB v cho nhng ngi khc x l s
chuyn i.
- Cc yu cu qun l mu ca bn l ti a: Nu mu trong cc
nh ca bn bt buc phi tuyt i hon ho - ch chnh xc thi th
cha - bn nn xem xt vic mua phn cng v phn mm
nh chun v to profile tt c cc thit b trong dng lm vic ca
bn.
i khi s c xy ra. Cc cng c hot ng khng ng cch. Cc
lnh n gin khng thc thi. b hng! ng nn ch, hy bt u
vi cc phn chnh sa n gin di y v lm vic theo cch ca
bn khi cn.
- Kim tra cc Palette: Nu mt cng c khng ang hot ng
nh mong mun hoc hon ton khng hot ng, hy kim tra xem
bn c v tnh ngn chn n thc hin cng vic ca n hay khng.
Hy xem bn c mt vng chn hot ng ni khc trong nh hay
khng hoc nhn Ctrl+D xa chn. Hy nhn vo Palette Layers:
Bn c ang trn ng lp khng? Lp c hot ng hay khng
hay l mt mt n lp? Kim tra Palette Channels: Cc knh mu
c hot ng khng? cui bn tri ca thanh Option, nhp phi
vo biu tng cng c v chn Reset Tool. M mt nh khc- nh
RGB 8 bt c p phng v th cng c hay k thut ny
trong nh . (Nu n hot ng th vn khng phi l Photoshop
m l do nh. Kim tra menu Image | Mode bo m bn c mt
ch v su mu thch hp)
- Xc lp file Preferences ca Photoshop tr li mc nh: Trc
khi thay th Prefs, hy m Preset Manager ca Photoshop (thng
qua menu Edit) v lu bt k style tu bin, gradient, c, v nhiu
th khc. Lu chng mt ni an toan, bn ngoi folder Photoshop.
M Palette Actions v lu bt k tp hp Ac-tions tu bin vi lnh
Save Actions cu menu Palette. (Ghi nh rng bn phi nhn vo
mt tp hp Actions - ch khng phi nhp mt Action ring l -
s dng Save Actions). M Prefer ences v Color Senttings v ghi
ch v bt k xc lp c bit m bn ang s dng. Thot khi
Photoshop v khi ng li chng trnh vi nhn gi cc phm
Ctrl+Alt+Shift. Khi c hi bn c mun xo folder Settings hay
khng, hy th cc phm b xung v xc nhn vic xo; sau cho
php Photoshop hon tt vic khi ng. Xc lp li Preferences v
Color Settings ng thi ti li cc thnh phn tu bin ca bn.
- Ci t li Photoshop: Nu vic thay th Prefs khng gii quyt
c vn , hy th li Photoshop. Lu tt c cc thnh phn tu
bin ca bn (nh nu trc y) v sau xo Photoshop v
cc file lin quan.
Chn Start | Control Panel | Add or Remove Programs loi b
Photoshop v bt k plug-in thuc nhm th ba. (Thn trng khi
loi b cc thnh phn chia s nu bn c cc chng trnh khc
trong b Adobe Creative Suite c ci t)
Sau khi bn loi b bn sao c, hy ci t li Photoshop t CD
gc. Nh tt tt c phn mm chng viruts v bt k phn mm
auto-backup trc khi ci t, v ci t vo v tr mc nh. Kim
tra Photoshop trc khi ci t bt k plug-in ca nhm th ba vo.
Nu vic ci t li Photoshop CS6 vn khng gii quyt c vn
, nguyn nhn c th l do cp h iu hnh hoc c l l mt
s c phn cng. Trong trng hp ny, bn hy cho gi mt
chuyn vin k thut yu cu gip .






Bi 2 - a vo cc File nh
1. a nh vo Photoshop
Artwork trong Photoshop bt ngun t mt trong ba cch sau:
- Bn m mt nh bng lnh File | Open

- Bn nhp (import) mt nh (thng thng qua mt thit b scan)
- Bn to mt nh t u vi lnh File | New

Bn c th m mt nh vo Photoshop vi lnh File | Open, thng
qua Adobe Bridge, hoc bng cch nhp p file nh. Nu bn nhp
p mt file vo Photoshop khng khi ng hoc chng trnh
khng ng khi ng bn cn kt hp dng file vi Photoshop.
Kt hp dng file
- Trong Windows Explorer/My Computer, nhp phi mt file thuc
kiu m bn mun thay i, chn Properties

- pha bn phi ca Open With, nhp nt Change

- Hp thoi xut hin chn Photoshop CS6, v nhp OK (Windows
8).

- Nhp OK ln na ng hp thoi Properties.
- Lp li i vi bt k dng file b xung.
a. Ly t my nh k thut s
Bn s dng phn mm i km vi my nh k thut s chuyn
cc bc nh c chp t n sang cng my tnh ca bn. Hoc
nu bn c phn cng, bn c th ly th nh ca my nh, gy b
nh, hay phng tin khc ra khi my nh v s dng mt b c
cc (card reader), y l mt thit b nh c thit k c
phng tin lu tr my nh. Vic chuyn qua Windows Explorer
thng nhanh hn nhiu v cng ng tin cy nh vic chuyn bng
cch s dng phn mm ca nh sn xut my nh.
ng bao gi m mt nh vo Photoshop trc tip t mt my nh,
cc Flash, hay CD/DVD. Vic thc hin nh vy c th lm gim
chm tc lm vic ca bn, v bn c nguy c lm mt cng vic
ca mnh nu Photoshop khng th c ngay file gc ca bn trong
khi bn ang lm vic. V d nhin, bn khng th lu t Photoshop
tr li phn ln phng tin ri, v vy bn cn to mt file mi
(trn mt ghi). M cc nh t mt mng ch khi bn ang lm
vic vi Verson Cue ca Adobe, phn mm qun l d n ca
Adobe Creative Suite.
Sau khi cc nh c lu tr an ton trn cng cc b ca bn
(hay mt cng ngi c tc cao), bn m chng trong
Photoshop bng cch dng mt trong ba phng php nu u
bi ny. Tu thuc vo co xc lp mu m bn chn, bn c th
nhn c mt cnh bo rng profile mu ca nh v profile m bn
chn lm khong mu RGB khng ph hp. Photoshop hi bn
mun lm g. Ni chung, bn mun chuyn i sang vng lm vic
ca bn bn c th thy mu chnh xc nht trn monitor ca
mnh. Bn c th mun gi li profile nhng nu bn s a nh
tr li my tnh to n sau khi xem hay lm vic vi mu cha
chnh sa. y l mt s la chn thch hp khi lm vic vi cc
nh m bn s s dng sau ny vi mt chng trnh khng c
qun l mu, chng hn nh mt b trnh din (nu khng qun l
mu, bn s nhn thy nh khi n xut hin trong chng trnh
khc). Bn c th tt cc cnh bo mu khng ph hp trong hp
thoi Color Settings ca Photoshop. Khi m mt nh c cha text,
bn cng c th nhn c mt thng tin cnh bo rng cc lp type
cn c cp nht. Ni chung, bn cn cp nht tr khi nh cha
cc Font khng c sn trn my tnh ca bn.
b. Scan cc tm nh
Bn t mt tm nh (bi mt p xung) ln trn tm knh ca my
scan. Bn y mt nt, n t ng xut hin trn mnhnh my tnh
ca bn. l hot ng scan kha cnh c bn nht. Nu phn
mm ca my scan ci t mt plug-in tng thch Photoshop
vo foder Import/Export bn trong Plug-ins ca Photoshop, bn c
th scan t trong Photoshop. (Menu File | Import s hin th my
scan ca bn theo tn)
Xc nh phn gii scan
Trc khi scan mt nh, bn cn a ra mt s quyt nh sau:
- Bn mun s dng nh nh th no
- Kch c sau cng ca n s l bao nhiu
- Bn cn phn gii no.
Bng cch xc nh trc s pixel m bn cn, bn s loi b nhu
cu nh li kch c nh trong Photoshop (v lm gim cht lng
nh c to). Nhiu ca s giao din ca my scan cho php bn
nhp kch c sau cng v phn gii m bn cn ngay trong ca
s scan. Nu bn nhn thy cn phi tnh phn gii scan bng
tay, sau y l cch thc hin:
1. Xc nh cc kch thc pixel theo yu cu.
- i vi vic in: Nu bn s in nh, hy xc nh kch c m bn
mun in (theo n v inch) v phn tch m bn mun in (thng
l 300 ppi [pixel per inch] l s la chn thch hp). Nhn chiu
rng v chiu cao ca bn in vi phn gii xc nh cc kch
thc pixel.
- i vi Web: Nu nh s dng cho Web site ca bn, hy xc
nh nh s chim bao nhiu phn trn trang ca bn (theo n v
pixel)
2. o nh gc.
Trc khi t nh trn tm knh cu my scan, hy o cc kch
thc ca nh gc. Nu bn ang s dng ch mt phn ca nh.
hy o phn . (Hy thn trng khng lm try st nh gc).
3. Thc hin php tnh.
Chia cc kch thc pixel theo yu cu (bc 1) cho cc kch thc
vt l ca nh gc (bc 2). Kt qu t c l phn gii knh
ca bn. (Nu bn c cc s chiu rngv chiu cao khc nhau, hy
dng s ln hn v thc hin vic xn trong Photoshop)
Trnh cc mu vn
Tr khi u t vo mt loi my scan tt nht, bn c th mun b
qua cc kh nng chnh sa mu v tng mu c phn mm my
scan Photoshop cung cp cho bn nhiu s iu khin hn. Tuy
nhin, y l iu m phn mm my scan thc hin tt hn nhiu
so vi Photoshop, v l mt kh nng m bn nn s dng khi
thch hp: gim cc mu vn. Mt mu vn l mt mu thy c
xut hin do bi mu ct. M my in t xung ti to mu.
Khi bn cn scan mt nh mu hay artwork t mt cun sch, tp
ch, hay t bo (hoc t cc ti liu khc c in trn mt my in
offset). Bn s dng phn mm ca my scan gim bt mu vn.
Phn mm ca my scan b p vo mu ny (khi bn cho my
scan bit mu c ) v lm nhn nh c scan.
Tnh nng gim mu vn (moires reduction) trong phn mm my
scan ca bn khng d nhn bit ngay. N c ghi nhn l
Descreening, hoc n c th l mt mc chn gia Color (Photo) v
Color (Document). Hy xem phn hng dn ngi dng dnh cho
phn cng ca bn tm cc hng dn c th.
Nu bn cn gim bt mt mu vn trong Photoshop nhng khng
th thc hin vic scan li, hy lm m nh va che mu vn
, sau t vi cng c History Brush phc hi cc vng c chi
tit quan trng trong nh.
2. B cc nh
Vic b cc cc nh s d dng hn nu bn chn mt h thng.
Phn kh l vic thc s xo nhng bc nh s m bn khng cn
gi li. Mc ny s hng dn bn mt s cch b cc nh.
a. To mt cu trc folder
Bn nn b cc cc nh theo tng ch , chng hn nh kiu b
cc c minh ha hnh di y:

Lu rng khng c tn folder no s dng cc khong trng hay
cc k t khc vi cc ch ci, cc s, mt du gch, v mt du
underscore - vn gim thiu kh nng m Photoshop hay mt
chng trnh khc khng th tm thy mt file
Bn c th s dng CD/DVD ca my tnh (nu n c tnh nng
ny) ghi cc folder nh ra a. iu ny khng ch cung cp cho
bn mt bn sao d phng ng tin cy (gi s bn ct gi cc a
mt cch chnh xc v x l chng tht thn trng), m cn gii
phng khong trng trn cng ca bn. Cu trc folder/folder con
cng c th c s dng khi to cc a ca bn.
b. S dng Adobe Bridge
Mt tnh nng mi trong Photoshop CS6 l Adobe Bridge, s thay
th c lp cho File Browser b cc, xem trc, v m cc nh
ca bn. File Browser, c gii thiu vi Photoshop 7, tuyt vi
n ni Adobe quyt nh m rng khi nim ny ra ton b Adobe
Ceative Suite. Thay v thm mt b trnh duyt vo mi chng
trnh trong Creative Suite, mt chng trnh b xung c pht
trin chng trnh ny s lm vic vi tt c cc thnh phn ring
l. Kt qu Adobe Bridge ra i.
Bridge c ci t ng thi vi lc bn ci t Photoshop CS6
hay Creative Suite. Khng ging nh ImageReady (chng trnh
ha Web c lp m bn ci t vi Photoshop), Bridge c trong
folder ring ca n trn cng ca bn (bn s tm thy Adobe
Bridge bn trong Start/Program File).
Bn c th m Bridge mt cch c lp hoc bn c th s dng
lnh File | Browse in mini bridge ca Photoshop khi ng
Bridge, nh minh ha hnh di y:

Bn s tm thy mt s thay i ln t File | Browser in mini
bridge sang File | Browser in bridge (bi v n l mt chng
trnh ring bit) c cc menu ring ca n nm ngang qua nh ca
mn hnh.

Sau y l mt s th thut lm vic vi Adobe Bridge
- S dng cc t kho v hng mc. Bng cch s dng tab
Keywords gc di bn tri ca ca s Bridge.

Bn c th gn cc t kho v hng mc cho cc nh. Cc t kho
v cc hng mc l cc thut ng m t m bn gn cho cc nh
ring l. Bn c th s dng tnh nng Search ca Bridge tm tt
c cc nh vi t kho c gn.
Bn c th chn nhiu nh trong Bridge bng cch nhp v nhn
Shift + nhp (hoc Ctrl+nhp), sau gn cc t kho cho cc tt c
cc nh c chn cng mt lc.
- S dng cc nhn v cc loi: Bn di menu Label bn c th
gn mt loi hnh sao cho mi nh v gn cc mu b cc theo
tng ch hay d n. S dng menu View | Sort sp xp cc
nh trong vng thumbnail ca Bridge theo nhn hoc theo loi.

- Thm cc foder vo Favorites: Bn chc chn s thng xuyn
vo mt s foder. Hy s dng lnh File | Add to Favorites tr li
folder nhanh hn v d dng hn.

gc pha trn bn tri ca ca s Bridge, nhp tab Favoritos
truy cp bng mt thao tc nhp chut. Cng lu rng bn c th
thm mt folder vo Favorites trong khi ang lm vic trn mt d
n c th, sau s dng lnh File | Remove from Favorites khi
lnh hon tt.

- Thay i khung xem v vng lm vic: Hy s dng menu View
tu bin nhng g m ca s Bridge hin th, v s dng menu
Windows | Workspace xc nh cch n c hin th. hnh
di, bn nhn thy vng lm vic mt nh cng nh vng lm vic
FilmStrip v Essentials.

- Xut cache: Khi ni dung ca mt folder hon chnh ngha l
khi cc nh trong folder khng thay i na hy s dng lnh
Tools | Cache | Build and Export Cache

Vic xut cache s gip gim lng thi gian cn thit hin th
cc thumbnail v metadata. Nu ni dung ca folder thay i. hy
lc cache ca folder v xut li (c hai u s dng menu Tools |
Cache). Nh xut cache ngay trc khi ghi mt folder nh vo CD
hay DVD
c. t li tn cc file nh
Bn sp xp mt h thng phn cp ca cc folder v folder con.
Bn phn cc loi cc nh vo cc folder . Bn gn th
hng v nhn cho cc nh. Tuy nhin, bn vn cha phn bit c
r rng ci no l ci no trong menu File | Open Recent. Hy s
dng lnh Tools | Batch Rename ca Bridge gn ci tn y
ngha hn (v c tnh thng tin hn) cho cc File ca bn. Chn ni
dung t mi trng t menu bt ln hoc g nhp vo mt trng.

mi nh gc c mt tn duy nht thuc mi loi, bn phi a
vo mt bin khi s dng Batch Rename (nu bn c t tn tt c
cc nh trong mt folder, gi s folder picture. jpg, bn s kt thc
vi ch mt file nh trong folder ch mi file s ghi ln file
trc). Do khi s dng Batch Rename, bn phi chn mt trong
cc bin cho mt trong cc trng thng qua menu bt ln, n l
tn ti liu gc hay mt ch / s trnh t. Cng lu rng bn
khng c g mt du chm (. ) vo bt k trng no. K t
ch s dng trc phn m rng tn file. V by gi Batch
Rename t ng thm phn m rng file cho bn.
3. In nh
Trc y vic in nh t Photoshop i hi rt nhiu n lc. Ngy
nay, nh s ci tin v phn cng v phn mm nn vic in c
thc hin d dng hn nhiu. Cc monitor cng c nh chun
kh tt, cc my in ti to mu mt cch chnh xc hn, mc v
giy cao bn cao hn. Mi th din ra ch trong mt thi gian
ngn. Nhng trc khi bn nhp nt Print, bn phi chc chn nh
ca bn sn sng in. Hy xem n c nm va trn trang v trong
khung nh khng? Cc pixel c nh chng ho trn u vo
ton b nh khng? Cc mu m bn mun c ng l cc mu s
xut hin trn giy khng?
a. Xn theo mt t s hng nht nh
T s hng (Aspect ratio) l mi quan h gia chiu rng v chiu
cao c nh. Mt nh theo t s hng landsscape (ngang) th c
chiu rng ln hn chiu cao, v mt nh theo t s hng portrait
(dc) th c chiu cao ln hn chiu rng. Mc d cc my nh k
thut s chp vi cc t s hng khc nhau, bao gm 3:4 v 4:5 cc
my nh SLR (single lens reflex) thng s dng mt t s hng l
2:3, ngha l mt cnh di gp 1, 5 ln kch c ca cc cnh tip
gip nhau. Cc kch c tiu biu (v cc kch c khung nh thng
l 8x10 inch (mt t s hng 4:5), 5x7 inch (5:7), 4x6 inch (2:3),
v 3x5 inch (3:5) hnh di, t s hng 2:3 c trnh by
dng mu xanh lc, 5:7 dng mu vng, v 4:5 dng mu .
Mc d mt tm nh c 8x10 thng ln hn mt tm nh c 4x6,
nhng n thc s in t hn nh gc bi v n phi b xn. Tm nh
4x6, vi mt t s hng 2:3, bao gm ton b nh gc; tm nh
8x10 (vi t s hng 4:5) b mt 2 inch trong kch thc di hn
ca nh. in vi chiu rng 8 inch v gi ton b nh, bn s in
vi kch c 8x12.
b. Ghi nh phn gii
Bi trc trnh by chi tit v phn gii cng nh mi quan h
ca n vi k thut chp nh s. L mt ngi mi bt u, hay lu
cc im sau y khi bn mun in cc nh ca bn.
- Bn thn cc nh khng c phn gii: D nm trong my
nh ca bn, trn cng, hay m trong Photoshop, cc nh ch bao
gm cc vung mu nh c gi l cc pixel. Din mo v hot
ng ca nh khng c g khc bn trong Photoshop, bt k phn
gii l bao nhiu. Mt nh 3000x2000 pixel, phn gii 300 ppi
c x l trong Photoshop hon ton gng nh mt nh
3000x2000 pixel phn gii 72 ppi.
- phn gi l mt ch lnh cho thit b in: Gi tr phn gii
m bn gn cho mt nh trong my nh k thut s hay trong hp
thoi Image Sixe ca Photoshop c ghi cng vi nh nh l mt
ch lnh cho thit b xut.
- phn gii o kch c ca cc pixel ring l: 300ppi thc s
c ngha l mi pixel s in mt kch c ng 1/300 ca mt inch
vung. Tng t, 72 ppi bng mi pixel in 1/72 ca mt inch
vung.
- Cc nh Web s dng ch cc kch thc pixel: Cc b trnh
duyt Web khng c kh nng c thng tin phn gii c
nhng bi Photoshop trong cc nh ha n gin ca bn. Mi
nh c hin th trong trnh duyt Web theo ng s pixel trong
nh.
c. iu chnh mu bng cch s dng Print
Trong vi nm gn y, vic ti to mu chnh xc t monitor sang
my in tr nn d dng hn nhiu. Mc d tin trnh qun l mu
phc tp i vi nhiu ngi, nhng nhu cu thc s i vi phn
mm v phn cng c nng kim sot mu gim nhiu. Ti sao?
Ch v cc nh sn xut my tnh nhn ra rng ngi dng mun
cc mu tt hn. Cc monitor chuyn t phn xng c nh
chun xc. Cc my in dng cc git nh hn v mc cng tt hn.
phn mm thc hin vic chuyn mu chnh xc hn.
i vi phn ln ngi dng Photoshop, mu chnh xc l rt quan
trng, sau khi tri qua hng gi u chnh din mo ca mt nh
trn mn hnh chc chn bn mun nh c in s c din mo
hon ton ging nh trn monitor. Sau y l cch c c mu
chnh xc .
1. Khi bn chun b xut nh, hy s dng lnh File | Print.
Ca s Print cung cp cho bn nhiu tu chn hn s tu chn m
bn c trong hp thoi Print thng thng, bao gm c cc tu chn
qun l mu c s dng y.

2. Chn Document
Trong phn Color Management ca hp thoi, bo m tu chn
Print c xc lp sang Document thay v sang proof. Profile mu
ca ti liu s hin th trong cc du ngc n, v profile s l
RGB hot ng ca bn t hp thoi Color Settings ca Photoshop.
Tr khi bn c profile monitor tu bin, hy s dng Adobe RGB
(cho cc my in phun mc t loi thng n loi tt) hay sRGB
(cho my in 4 mc)
3. Khi sn sng, hy nhp nt Print.
4. Tt tnh nng qun l mu ca my in.
Bi v bn ang thc hin vic qun l mu trong Photoshop, nn
bn cn tt mi tnh nng qun l mu cp my in trong hp
thoi Print ca my in (Kim tra phn hng dn ngi s dng
dnh cho my in ca bn tm cc ch dn c th).
5. Thc hin vic in
Vic nhp nt Print trong hp thoi ca my in s gi nh n my
in v bt u tin trnh tht s t mc ln giy.
ng qun rng Photoshop CS6 cung cp cho bn nhiu cch khc
nhau tit kim giy (v c thi gian v tin bc) bng cch in
nhiu nh trn cng mt t giy.
d. Xem xt cc gii php qun l mu
Nu cc tm nh bn in ra c mu khng ging nh trn monitor
ca bn, trc tin hy kim tra cc xc lp ca monitor. M mt
nh vi cc gi tr mu bit (bn bit nh s c din mo nh th
no) trong mt chng trnh khng c qun l mu, Chng hn,
bn c th s dng lnh Insert | Picture | From File ca Microsoft
Word thm nh Ducky.tif t Folder Samples (bn trong ca
Folder Photoshop) vo mt ti liu Word trng. S dng cc nt
iu chnh ca monitor lm cho nh c din mo tt nht, sau
in. Nu nh in chnh xc th tht tuyt, bn xc lp ng mi th.

Nu monitor c din mo p nhng nh in ra li c v l, trc
tin hy lm sch v nh chun u in. Kim tra hp thoi Print
bo m bn ang chn ng cc xc lp mu v giy. (Mt ln
na, hy xem phn hng dn ngi dng dnh cho my in ca bn
tm cc ch dn c th).
i vi nhng ngi m cng vic ca h i hi mu cc k trung
thc nhiu cng ty cung cp phn cng v phn mm gip
iu chnh mu. Bn c th to cc profile tu bin cho cc monitor,
cc my in, v c cc my scan v cc my nh k thut s. Mc d
khng th lm, nhng k nng x l ca chng khng ch to ra cc
tm nh in p hn v cn gip gim bt lng giy mc hao ph
do nh in b xu.
Lu rng tt c phn cng v phn mm qun l mu s khng
thc hin tt chc nng ca chng nu bn khng ang iu khin
mi trng lm vic ca mnh. Nu cng vic ca bn i hi mu
chnh xc, bn cn thc hin thm mt s bc b xung. Trong vn
phng lm vic hay trong sudio, bn cn iu chnh nh sng chung
quanh sao cho bn c mt mi trng xem mu nht qun d l vo
ban ngy hay ban m, ma hay nng, ma ng hay ma h. Nu
bn c cc ca s, bn cn ng rm trc khi thc hin cng vic
c lin quan n mu. Cc bc tng ng sau monitor v vng lm
vic trung gian phi c mu trung tnh.
e. Cc phng php in khc
Cho n nay bn s dng mt my in phun mc in cc bc nh
ca bn ln giy. Mc d cc my in phun mc l loi ph bin nht
v c l thc t nht, nhng bn c th dng cc phng php khc.
Chng hn, nu cng vic ca bn bao gm cc tp qung co mng
(brochures) v t bm (flyer) ch khng phi cc bc nh, mt
my in laze mu c th p ng tt hn cho cc nhu cu ca bn.
Tuy chi ph ban u thng cao hn nhng chi ph in mi trang th
thp hn nhiu. Cc my in laze mu thng khng in cc bc nh
chp p bng mt my in phun mc loi thng n loi tt, v
cc bn in khng bn (ngha l chng s b phai m theo thi gian),
nhng cc bn in nh vy c th ph hp cho vic chia s cc bc
nh chp nhanh vi bn b v gia nh. Cc tu chn in cho mt
my in laze mu khc vi cc tu chn ca mt my in phun mc.
Hy xem phn hng dn ngi dng dnh cho my in ca bn
ci t cng vic in mt cch chnh xc.
Sau y l mt phng php in khc m mi ngi dng photoshop
u c th s dng. Hy ghi cc nh ca bn dng JPEG (cht
lng cao nht 300 ppi) vo mt CD v a CD ny n mt phng
ra nh a phng. Cch khc l hy dng mt dch v trc
tuyn ti cc nh JPEG ca bn ln trang Web service ca dch
v t in nh. Bn s nhn c cc tm nh in sng bng hay
m tu theo kch c yu cu. V chi ph cho mi tm nh in c th
thp hn nhiu so vi vic s dng my in in phun mc ca bn.
Phng ra nh a phng thng l mt cp khc thch hp cho
vic in mt xp cc nh chp k ngh h v cc nh on t gia nh





















Bi 3 - Tinh chnh cc vng sng v ti
1. S dng cc Histogram
Trong phn ln cc bc nh chp vi ch chung, mt ngi
thng nhn thy tng mu (xm) trung tnh ti nht l mu en v
tng mu trung tnh sng nht l mu trng (Nu mu ti nht r
rng l mu ta v mu sm nht l mu vng sng, c l bn s
khng phn bit c ch ca nh chung). Chng hn, trong
mt bc nh chp, bng bn di chic giy c th ch c mt
xm m, v o s mi c l cn phi c ty trng mt cht,
nhng mt ca chng ta thng b p thm mt mc no v
cho php ta nhn thy l mu en v mu trng.
phn bit chnh xc hn dy sc ca nh, photoshop cung cp
Palette Histogram (nm trong cng nhm vi Palette Navigator v
Info gc pha trn bn phi ca mn hnh).

Palette Histogram hin th s phn bit cc pixel trong nh ca bn
cc gi tr sng khc nhau. Cc pixel cng ti (vng ti) c
xp cui bn tri, cc pixel sng hn (vng sng) c xp cui
bn phi, v cc gi tr sng cn li (vng sc trung gian c
xp gia. Mt ct trong histogram cng cao th c cng nhiu
pixel ti gi tr sng . Hnh di minh ha mt nh vi s
phn b histogram gn nh hon ho vo ng cong tuyt p
nm ngay chnh gia th.

Tuy nhin, ng b li cun vo s phn b histogram! khng phi
mi bc nh c phi sng thch hp u c mt ng cong nh
vy. Nhiu bc nh hon ho nhng li c cc Histogram khc
nhau. S phn b chnh xc trong histogram khc nhau. S phn b
chnh xc trong histogram ph thuc vo hai yu t: Ni dung nh
v cc mc ch ngh thut ca ngi ha s.
Chng ta s xem xt mt bc nh chp hu nh ch c cc pixel
trng, chng hn nh bc nh minh ha hnh di y.

nh c mt histogram nghing sang phi c gi l nh kho cao
(high-key). Khng c g sai i vi bc nh ny (cho d l
histogram); n ch c v c qu nhiu pixel mu sng m thi.
Tng t, mt nh kho thp (low-key) c ton pixel ti, vn lm
cho histogram nghing sang tri. Hu nh mi cnh m u c rt
nhiu cc pixel qu ti, lm cho s phn b nghing v pha bn tri
ca histogram. Tuy nhin, trong nhiu cnh m cng c cc n,
cc n ny to ra mt mi nhn gn cui bn phi.
Lu rng chiu cao ca cc ct ring l trong vng histogram l
tng i: ct cao nht gn nh nm st nh hp, cc ct cn li
c nh t l theo cho ph hp. Chng hn, mt nh trn mt nn
mu en, gi s mt nn en c ln c th c qu nhiu pixel
trong ct ngoi cng bn tri khin cho cc ct cn li trong nh c
v qu nh v hu nh khng th c c ging nh histogram
minh ha hnh di.

i khi mt histogram c v khng cho bn bit iu g r rng.
Chng hn, hy xem histogram hnh di y:

nh khng c mt s phn b ng cong tt, n hi nghing v
mi bn ca nh tm. y khng phi l mt nh kho cao (high-
key) bi v cc pixel khng ho trn nhau bn phi. nh hi c v
l mt tm nh kho thp (low key), nhng histogram li khng c
mt phn bit m bn s tm thy phn ln cc pixel ca nh
trong .
Khi bn nhp vo nt Options gc trn bn phi ca Palette
histogram bn c th thay i cu hnh ca Palette. (Cho n lc
ny, chng ta ch lm vic vi khung xem Compact View.

Trong trng hp ny vic chuyn i sang khung xem Expanded
View hoc All Channels view, s gip bn hiu r hn v
histogram, c bit l khi c xem vi chnh nh, nh minh ha
hnh di).
Khung xem ch Expanded View

Khung xem ch All Channels View.

Khung xem All Channels View cho bn thy mt histogram dnh
cho mi knh mu. nh trong hnh minh ha cha mt s lng
pixel ln vi mu kh nht qun. Nu bn trn mu trong nh
bp, cng thc s l mt phn mu hai phn mu xanh lc v
bn phn mu xanh dng.
Bn c th s dng Histogram trnh lm gim cht lng ca
nh trong khi thc hin s iu chnh, v iu rt quan trng khi
bn lm vic vi plug-in Camera Raw. Bn khng cn Palette
histogram xc nh l mt nh kho cao hay kho thp.
3. S dng cc tnh nng iu chnh t ng
Vic iu chnh sc ca nh c th n gin nh vic chn mt
trong cc lnh Auto t menu Image Adjustments ca photoshop.
Vi nhiu bc nh, sc (v thm ch c mu) s lm cho nh c
din mo p hn.

Nu bn cn thc hin mt iu g c bit cho nh ca bn
(chng hn to mt hiu ng khc l), hoc nu nh c din mo
khng p lm, trong cc trng hp ny cc lnh Auto c th
khng phi l s sa chn tt nht. Nhng hy ghi nh iu ny:
Vic th mt lnh Auto trc tin cha bao gi gy ra mt li trm
trng no. Trong trng hp t nht, bn c th s dng lnh Undo
phc hi tr li cc trng thi trc ca nh.
Sau y l ba mc chn chnh sa t ng, t n gin n phc
tp:
- Auto Contrast: Auto Contrast lm cho cc pixel ti tr nn ti
hn v cc pixel sng tr nn sng hn, ng thi c trnh to ra bt
k s dch chuyn mu (mt s thay i hon ton v din mo ca
mu). Cng mt s iu chnh c p dng cho c ba knh mu
ca nh. Bn c th s dng Auto Contrast vi mt nh m cc mu
trong nh c v ph hp vi bn ch cn tng thm tng
phn.

- Auto tone: Mi knh mu ca nh nhn c s iu chnh ca
ring n, tng ti a dy sc trong knh. Nu mt trong cc knh
mu khng c nhiu ng gp vo nh gc, mt sc thi mu c th
c to ra. Auto Tone th thch hp cho phn ln cc nh c
din mo p v khng cn c cc mu chnh xc.

- Auto Color: Thay v s dng mt pixel sng nht v mt pixel ti
nht xc nh u s l mu trng v u s l mu en Auto
Color tnh trung bnh vi pixel mi u cui. Phng php tnh
trung bnh s ngn chn mt pixel nm ri rc loi ra khi php
tnh c s dng iu chnh nh ca bn Auto Color th thch
hp cho phn ln cc nh thng thng. Tuy nhin, bn c th cn
ng lnh Undo trn mt s bc nh m cc i tng trong nh c
mu qu ni bt hoc cc nh sc thi mu khng mong mun.

4. Levels v Curves
i khi bn cn c s iu khin hn ngoi cc lnh Levels. Bn c
th c mt vn i hi nhiu s iu khin hn hay mt tm nhn
ngh thut rng hn. Bn cn thc hin nhiu s iu chnh hoc
to cc hiu ng ni bt. Photoshop cung cp loi iu khin cho
nh ca bn. Tht vy, bn c nhiu cch x l sc ca cc nh.
Hai cch thng c s dng nhiu nht l Levels v Curves, c
hai u nm trong Menu Image | Adjustments.
Trc khi gii thiu v hai lnh ny, chng ta s xem qua mt vi
tu chn c sn khc. T nhng ngy u ca photoshop, lnh
Brightnes/Contrast n giu trong s cc lnh Image |
Adjustments. Tuy nhin, by gi tnh nng ny khng c s iu
khin v thiu tnh tinh vi, c l n c s dng nhiu nht khi
tinh chnh mt knh alpha hay mt n lp. Trong c hai knh alpha
v mt n lp, bn s dng mt dng trnh by thang xm
(grayscale) nhn bit cc vng c th ca nh.
Brightnes/Contrast hon ton thch hp cho nhiu s iu chnh m
bn c th thc hin i vi cc knh .
Cng c s dng gii hn l s iu chnh Equalixe. N tm pixel
sng nht trong nh v gi l mu trng, tm pixel ti nht v gi
l mu en. Cc pixel cn li trong nh c phn b gia cc gi
tr , to ra mt dy sc m rng. Trong thc t, bn s nhn
thy s iu chnh to ra cc vng cc k sng v cc vng cc k
ti vi mt nh c v sc s nhng li thiu cc chi tit cc vng
sc trung gian.
a. S dng lnh Levels
Lnh Image | Adjustments | Levels (Ctrl+L) cung cp cho bn s
iu khin i vi cc vng ti, vng sng, v ton b dy sc
ca nh. Bng cc s dng mt thanh trt vi ba mc iu khin,
bn iu chnh nh cho ph hp vi s cm nhn ring ca bn v
c trn mt histogram tham chiu. Bn cn c cc trng s
nhp vo cc gi tr chnh xc nu bn cn.

thc hin thao tc chnh sa Levels c bn, m rng dy sc
ca nh qua ton dy gi tr c sn, bn ch cn r cc mc iu
khin thanh bn di histogram trong hp thoi Levels vo pha
trong cho n khi chng nm bn di im m histogram bt u
tng theo mt hnh dng ca ngn ni. B qua vt phng nh m
rng ra pha ngoi chng biu th cc pixel nm ri rc v r cc
pointer nh bn di cc ct vn cao ti thiu vi pixel Histogram
trong hp thoi Levels dng tham chiu khi bn thc hin s
thay i. Tuy nhin, lu rng trong khi bn ang lm vic trong
Levels, Palette Histogram cp nht, cho bn thy phn trc (mu
xm) v sau khi (mu en) thc hin s iu chnh.

Vic r thanh trt gia sang s di chuyn khi histogram sang
tri, biu th ton b din mo ca nh c v ti hn.
Cng ch thanh trt Output Leves bn di trong hnh trn.
Bn thng s dng thanh trt ch khi chun b mt nh in
ra mt my in thng mi vn i hi bn phi nn dy sc ca
nh. Nu khng, hy b qua thanh trt v hai trng ca n
ngoi tr t c cc hiu ng c bit. Ch menu bt ln
u hp thoi Levels, bn c th p dng Levels cho mi knh mu
ring l ca nh, thay i cng c iu chnh sc ny sang mt
tnh nng chnh sa mu.
Khi bn ang lm vic trong levels (hay hu nh bt k hp thoi
no), hy ghi nh rng vic nhn gi phm Alt s lm thay i nt
Cancel thanh nt Reset. Khi bn nhp nt Reset, mi gi tr trong
hp thoi c phc hi tr li mc nh, cho php bn bt u li
m khng phi hu v chn li lnh.
Nh nu u bi ny, bn c th s dng Palette histogram
trnh gy ra cc li cho nh. hnh trn, Palette Histogram cho
thy c cc khong h nh xut hin gia cc ct ti hn pha
trc. V mt k thut cc khong h ny c gi l posterization,
chng tiu biu cho cc gi tr sc ang c nn li vi nhau
thnh mt gi tr duy nht. Cc pixel mt cp sng c dch
chuyn sang mt gi tr cao hn k tip hoc thp hn k tip,
ct trng trong histogram. y c phi l mt s c hay khng?
Khng, nu bn khng nhn thy cc khong h rng, biu th cc
gi tr sc lin tip khng ang c s dng. (vng
posterization qu rng s ph hng s chuyn tip tinh vi gia cc
mu trong nh ca bn). V l l do ti sao bn cn ch Palette
Histogram, bo m bn khng to ra cc khong h qu rng
trong histogram v vng posterization d nhn thy trong nh ca
bn.
Sau y l mt cch n gin gim thiu vng posterization .
Ngay sau khi s dng Levels, hy dng lnh Edit | Fade Levels v
thay i ch ho trn t Normal sang Luminosity. Nh bn thy
hnh di y, posterization bin mt vi mt s thay i nh
trong hiu ng ca vic iu chnh Levels. Ghi nh rng lnh Fade
ch c sn ngay sau khi p dng mt s iu chnh (mt b lc hay
mt cng c), thm ch bn c dng lnh Save chen vo gia.

b. Chnh sa sc vi cc Eyedropper
Hp thoi Levels (v hp thoi Curves) cung cp mt cch khc
chnh sa sc cho nh ca bn, mt loi k thut bn t ng, s
dng ba Eyedropper gc pha di bn phi ca hp thoi. Hy
m nh, m hp thoi Levels, v chnh sa cc sc v mu trong
nh ca bn bng ba thao tc nhp n gin sau y.
1. Nhp vo Eyedropper bn tri trn vng ma n s l mu en.
y c th l mt vng ti, mt mu qun o, hay mt lp xe hi.
Ni chung, bn nhp vo vng trong nh m n hon ton c
mu en.
2. Nhp vo Eyedropper bn phi trn vng m n s l mu trng.
Mt m my, o m ci ca c du, l nhng ch dnh cho
Eyedropper vng sng. Bn thng nhp vo mt vng no m
n hon ton c mu sng.
3. Nhp vo Eyedropper gia trn vng m n s mu xm.
Hy nhp vo mt vng m n s c mu trung tnh. Khng bt
buc phi c mu xm va, ch cn l mt vng c mu trung
tnh. iu ny s loi b bt k sc thi mu khng mong mun
trong nh. Nu bn khng thch kt qu, hy nhp vo mt ni khc
trong nh. Tip tc nhp cho n khi cc mu trong nh c v thch
hp.
c. iu chnh cc ng cong
Phc tp hn mt cht l Image | Adjustments | Curves (Ctrl+M).

Ging nh Levels, bn s dng Curves iu chnh dy sc
ca nh. Nhng thay v mt thanh trt c ba mc iu khin, hp
thoi Curves cung cp cho bn c hi iu khin cc phn khc
nhau trong dy sc v mu. Chng c s dng ging nh cch
bn dng cc Eyedropper trong Levels)
Hnh di y minh ha mt s iu chnh Curves n gin c
p dng cho nh .

Vic r ng cong xung di trong cc vng ti lm cho chng
tr nn ti hn, vic r ln pha trn lm cho cc vng sng tr nn
sng hn. Cc vng sc trung gian (vng nm gia cc vng ti
v sng) cng c lm sng hn mt cht trong phn iu chnh
ny.
Khi ln u tin bn m hp thoi Curves, bn s nhn thy mt
th vi mt ng cho chy t im neo gc pha di bn tri
n mt im neo khc gc pha trn bn phi. Bn nhp v r
ng thng ln trn hoc xung di thm cc im neo v
thc hin s thay i trong ng con (v trong nh ca bn). Theo
mc nh, cc vng ti nm pha di bn tri, v vy vic r
xung di s lm ti vng , v rn ln trn s lm sng chng.
Bn c th thm nhiu im neo vo ng con - mc d bn
thng ch cn khong mt n ba im mi.
a s cc nh chp nhanh c th tn dng mt s iu chnh nh
trong Curves. Nhp vo phn giao nhau ca cc ng hng dn
ngang v dc u tin gc pha trn bn tri v r xung di mt
cht. Trng Input s ghi 64, v trng Output s ghi mt gi tr
no gia 55 v 60 cho mt nh chp vi s khi u tt. K tip,
nhp vo phn giao nhau ca ng li gc pha trn bn phi
v r ln trn mt cht. Trng Input s hin th 192, v trng
Output c th l mt gi tr t 95 n 205.
C hai hp thoi Curves v Levels u cung cp cho bn cc nt
Load v Save. Nu c mt s chnh sa m bn cn thc hin trn
mt ln, hoc phn chnh sa cn phi chnh xc, hy s dng nt
Load p dng phn iu chnh cho mt nh khc. Chng hn,
nu bn s dng sai xc lp trong my nh ca bn khi chp mt
lot cc bc nh trong cng mt iu kin nh sng, c l cc bc
nh c chnh sa nh nhau. Hy thc hin s iu chnh mt
ln, lu n, sau p dng n cho cc bc nh khc vi nt Load.
Nu bn mun chnh sa mt vng nht nh trong nh, hy nhn
gi nt chut v di chuyn con tr vo ca s nh (ni n xut hin
dng cng c Eyedropper. Bn s nhn thy mt hnh trn trn
ng cong.

Hnh trn ny cho bn bit v tr ca cc pixel trong dy sc .
thm mt im neo vo , Ctrl+nhp trong ca s nh.
Khi ng con c nhiu im neo, im neo hot ng s hin th
dng mt vung lp y. Cc im neo khng c chn l cc
vung rng. chnh xc hn, bn c th dng cc phm mi tn
trn bn phm di chuyn im neo hot ng, hoc bn c th g
cc gi tr c th vo trng Input (v tr bt u ca im neo) v
trng Output (ni m bn mun im neo di chuyn)
Bn cng c nhiu cch tu bin din mo ca Curves. Nhp nt
nm pha di bn phi chuyn i gia hp thoi c chun v
mt hp thoi c ln hn. Nhn Alt + nhp trong vng li
chuyn i gia mt li 4x4 v mt li 10x10. Thay v nhp v
r trn ng cong, bn c th kch hot cng c Pencil v v
ng cong bng tay.

Khi v ng cong bng tay, nt Smooth s tr nn c sn bo
m s chuyn tip trong cc phn iu chnh sc ca bn khng
qu trm trng.
5. Mt s cng c khc
Menu Image | Adjustments ca Photoshop CS6 cn c nhiu cch
mnh hn lm vic vi dy sc trong cc nh ca bn. Bn c
th s dng iu chnh Shadow/Highlight c lp v thay i bt
k dy pixel sng hay ti m bn mun.

Bng cch ch nh dy gi tr sc no c xem l ti hay hp.
Tnh nng Exposure cho php bn thay i ton b dy sc ca
nh, nh th bn chp nh vi mt xc lp my nh khc. V
ng qun chnh sa cc vng c vt m bng cc cng c Dodge
v Burm!
S iu chnh Shadow/Highlight v Eyedropper khng ging nh
lm vic vi cc nh Raw trong plug-in Camera Raw. Camera Raw
hot ng vi d liu nh cha c x l, v vy n c gi l
m bn k thut s (digitalnegative). Bng cc s dng cc lnh
Adjustments ca Photoshop, bn ang lm vic vi d liu nh
c x l trong Camera Raw, bn tht s c s iu khin v s
phi sng, cc vng ti, cc vng sng, v nhiu th khc.
S iu chnh Shadow/highlight v Exposure khng c sn nh cc
lp iu chnh. Cc thay i m bn thc hin vi cc tnh nng ny
l s thay i vnh vin ca nh.
a. S dng Shadow/Highlight
S iu chnh Shadow/Highlight c thit k tinh chnh hai loi
nh: nn c phi sng tt, nhng ch th trong tin cnh th li
qu ti. Hoc nn th p, nhng ch th li b trng xo do bi n
flash qu sng.

Bng cch iu khin cc vng ti v vng sng tch bit vi phn
cn li ca nh, tnh nng ny gip bn phc hi s cn i hn cho
nh.
Cc xc lp mc nh trong Shadow/Highlight dng chnh sa
cc li do nh sng chiu v pha sau, nh bn thy trong nh khi
tin cnh thiu chi tit do bi n flash, hy gim thiu s thay i
cho cc vng ti v r thanh trt Highlights sang phi. Nh minh
ha hnh di y, hai thanh trt trong Shadow/Highlight c th
c s dng kt hp vi nhau.

Trong hp thoi Shadow/Highlight, thanh trt Shadows lm sng
cc vng ti hn ca nh, v thanh trt Highlights lm ti cc
vng sng hn.
Thng thng, bn s s dng thanh trt ny hoc thanh trt kia
chnh sa mt li no trong nh, nhng bn c th dng c
hai nu bn cn lm sng cc vng ti v gim sc ca cc vng
sng trong cng mt nh.
Bn s nhn thy Shadow/Highlight cng l mt cng c tuyt vi
cho mt s trng hp khc, nht l khi bn chn hp kim Show
More Options. Chng hn, hy xem hnh minh ha di y:

Trong nh sau, nh c din mo tuyt vi hn nh s lm sng
vi thanh trt Shadows, h thp thanh trt Midtone Contrast, v
tng bo ho vi thanh trt Color Correction. Bng cch lm
sng v tng bo ho, cc mu xanh l cy c mu nu trong nn
tch bit, gip bn thy r ch th.
Khi bn chn hp kim Show More Options, Shadow/Highlight c
mt tp hp iu khin b xung. Cc tu chn ny kh n gin.
- Amount: i vi Shadow v Highlight, thanh trt Amount l
lng iu chnh m bn thc hin. y l chi tit iu chnh ca
Shadow/Highlight. i vi mt ch th c chiu sng v pha
sau, bn s s dng thanh trt Shadow kh nhiu v khng dng
thanh trt Highlight. Khi lm vic vi mt ch th b trng xo,
bn s di chuyn thanh trt Shadow sang 0% v lm vic vi
thanh trt Highlight
- Tonal Width: S dng cc thanh trt Tonal Width ch nh
bn mun a vo bao nhiu phn trong dy sc ca nh dng
cc vng ti hay vng sng. Nu bn r mi thanh trt Tonal
Width sang 100%, bn ang lm vic trn ton b dy sc ca
nh y khng phi l mt cng vic c bit ph hp vi
Shadow/Highlight (vic s dng Curves th ph hp hn). Mc nh
50% l mt gi tr kh cao. Hy bt u s iu chnh bng mt dy
gi tr khong 20% v tinh chnh t .
- Radius: Bn iu chnh cc thanh trt Radius cho
Shadow/Highlight bit nhng pixel no s c xc nh l nm
trong vng ti hay vng sng. Vi xc lp Radius qu thp, mt
pixel en ring l nm gia mt vng sng trong nh c th c
phn loi l mt vng ti. Mt xc lp qu cao thng c khuynh
hng p dng s iu chnh cho ton b nh. Ni chung, hy bt
u vi mt Radius khong 10 pixel cho cc bc nh c nh v 30
pixel cho cc bc nh c ln. Sau khi iu chnh cc thanh trt
Amount v Tonal Width, hy di chuyn thanh trt Radius ti lui
trong khi theo di mt s mu nh hn ca vng ti hay vng sng
(bt k vng no bn ang chnh sa) bo m cc vng ang
c a vo phn iu chnh.
- Color Correction/Brightness: Thanh trt ny thay i tn ca
n ph hp vi ch mu ca nh. Khi lm vic vi mt nh mu,
bn s nhnh thy Color Correction. Khi bn p dng
Shadow/Highlight cho mt nh thang xm, tn ca thanh trt
i thnh Brightness. ng bn tm n thanh trt ny cho n
khi no bn thc hin s iu chnh Amount. Trong mt nh mu,
vic lm sng cc vng ti hay lm ti cc vng sng s cho thy
mu tht s cu cc pixel nhng vng . Hy s dng thanh
trt ny tng (r sang pah), hoc gim (r sang tri) bo ho
ca cc pixel . Ghi nh rng Color Correction hot ng ch trn
cc pixel m bn nhn bit vi cc thanh trt Tonal Width v
Radius sang 0%, Color Correction s hon ton khng c tc dng
no ln nh). Mt khc, khi bn chnh sa mt nh thang xm,
thanh trt Brightness tc ng n tt c pixel ngoi tr cc pixel
c mu trng thun khit hoc mu en thun khit.
- Midtone Contrast: Bn c th tng hoc gim tng phn
trong sut nh bng thanh trt Midtone Contrast. Gn ging nh
vic nhp vo gia ng cong trong Curves v r ln hoc xung,
bn iu chnh ton b dy tng phn ca nh, bao gm c ng
sng v vng ti. Khi ton b din mo ca nh cn c ci tin,
hy bt u vi Midtone Contrast v sau lm vic vi cc vng
ti v vng sng ring l.
- Clip: Thng thng bn khng mun thay i cc gi tr xn. Xn
(clipping) ly cc pixel gn nh en v p buc chng thnh mu
en thun khit, hoc ly cc pixel gn nh trng v p buc chng
thnh mu trng thun khit. Vic xn cc vng ti hay vng sng
s gim bt nhng khc bit tinh vi v mu sc vn cung cp chi
tit trong cc vng ti v vng sng. Khi no th bn cn xn cc
vng ti hay vng sng? Khi bn khng quan tm n nhng chi
tit nhng vng ca nh v cn tng phn cao hn
nhng vng ca nh v cn tng phn cao hn cc vng
c sc trung gian.
b. Thay i phi sng
Photoshop CS6 thm mt tnh nng mi vo menu Image |
Adjustments.

Tnh nng c gi l Exposure ( phi sng). N m phng
cch nh s c din mo nh th no nu bn thay i xc lp
Exposure trn my nh ca bn trc khi nhp mn trp. Hy xem
n nh l mt s iu chnh sc trong nh. Nh bn c th thy
hnh di, ngay c mt s iu chnh nh cng c th to ra mt
s tc ng rt ln n nh.

Hp thoi Exposure cng c cc mc iu khin khc. Cc thanh
trt Shadow v Brightness c thit k ch yu x l cc nh
c s bt rt cao (cc nh c bit vi dy ng cao 32 bt/knh).
Exposure l mt cng c kh chuyn bit, n khng thn thin vi
ngi dng v cng khng hiu qu bng Curves v
Shawdow/Highlight.
c. S dng cc cng c to sc
Ngoi cc cch trn, cn c thm hai cch na x l sc trong
Photoshop l cc cng c to sc (toning). Hai cng c s
dng c ny cho php bn t cc phn chnh sa ln trn nh ca
bn, to ra s iu khin din mo mt cch linh hot. Hy chn
cng c Burn lm ti v cng c Dodge lm sng.

Chn mt u c trong thanh cng c v r cng c trong nh ca
bn p dng phn chnh sa. hnh di, bn s nhn thy cng
c Burn lm ti mt vng trong nh.

Trong trng hp ny tuy s dng cng c lm ti nhng li gip
cho nh hu k thm sc nt v r rng.
Cng c Dodge th thch hp cho vic gim thiu (nhng khng loi
b) cc vng ti trong mt nh.

Hnh nh trn so snh nh gc (nh tri) vi mt bn sao hot ng
m trong vic s dng cng c Dodge gim bt cc vng ti.
Bng cch gim ch khng loi b hon ton, c im ca ch th
s khng b bin mt.





Bi 4 Ty chnh mu sc
1. Mu trong Photoshop CS6
Photoshop CS6 x l cc nh s (bao gm c cc bc nh chp k
thut s, cc nh c s ho bng mt my scan, v artwork m
bn to t u trong Photoshop). Cc ch s l m my tnh c
s dng ghi thng tin ca nh. S pixel, mu ca mu ca mi
pixel, v bt k thng tin kt hp s c ghi theo mt chui cc s
0 v s 1 trn cng. Do , mu khng c g khc ngoi cc s.
Tuy nhin, i vi chng ta, mu cn hn m nh phn trn mt
cng. l chnh l nh, artwork, thng bo. Artwork l mu v
mu l artwork, thao tng pixel.
a. Cc ch mu, m hnh mu, v su mu
Photoshop ghi mu ca mi pixel trong nh bng nhiu cch khc
nhau. Mi pixel trong bt k nh cho c tt c cc mu c ghi
trong mt ch mu, chnh l dng mu tht s cho file nh.
Tuy nhin, trong khi lm vic vi nh ca bn, bn c th xc nh
cc mu c th bng mt trong cc m hnh mu, l mt loi
cng thc thc m bn pha trn mu bng cng thc . V mt
nh c th ch c mt sau m (color depth), y l mt gii hn
v s lng mu trong mt nh.
Trc khi i su vo chi tit, bn cn tm hiu mt trong cc khi
nim c bn ca mu: l gam mu (gamut). Hy xem giam mu
l dy cc mu m v l thuyt chng c th c ti to trong mt
ch mu nht nh hoc vi mt profile mu c th. Do o, mt
gam mu rng s c s mu c sn nhiu hn mt giam mu b gii
hn. Cc mu b xung thng sng hn ni bt hn, cc mu
lm cho mt nh tr nn sng ng. Ch mu RGB
(red/green/blue) thng cung cp mt dy mu rng hn ch
mu CMYK (cyan/magenta/yellow/).
Bn nn chn ch mu no?
Nu bn d nh in ra mt my in phun mc hoc gi nh ca bn
ln Web, bn cn ch mu RGB. (Cho d bn c th ti cc mc
CMYK v my in phun mc ca bn, nhng phn mm ca my in
thng mong i v bt buc phi nhn c - d liu mu RGB).
Nu bn ang chun b mt nh a va mt ti liu dn trang
dnh cho mt my in offset thng mi bn cn CMYK (Bn chn
ch mu ca nh t menu Image | Mode).

l mt s tm lc n gin. Sau y s l phn trnh by chi
tit hn v cc ch mu:
RGB: RGB l ch mu cho cc bc nh k thut s, cc monitor
my tnh, World Wide Web, v cc my in phun mc. Tt c cc
mu c ghi theo t l ca ba mu thnh phn (, xanh lc, v
xanh dng). Mu RGB c ghi trong ba knh mu. RGB l mt
ch mu ph gia ngha l bn thm cng nhiu lng mu ca
mi thnh phn th bn cng tin n mu trng.
CMYK: CMYK c s dng ch yu in trn mt my in offset
thng mi, nhng bn c th cn n cho mt my in laser mu hay
mt my in phun mc cp cp cao m bn s s dng mt RIP vi
n. (RIP l t vit tt ca raster image processor, ngha l b x l
nh mnh. y l mt mu phn cng hay phn mm chuyn bit
c chc nng lm cho my in phun mc ca bn c xem nh l
mt my in thng mi). CMYK l mt ch mu ca cc tp ch,
sch, v cc ti liu in i tr khc.

CMYK l mt ch mu kh - ngha l lng mu ca mi thnh
phn cng t th bn cng tin n mu trng.
- Grayscale: Khi mi ngi ni v mt bc nh en trng, h tht
s ang cp n nh thang xm (grayscale). nh ny khng
ch cha cc mu en v trng m cn cha mt dy cc mu xm
gia. Bn c th s dng ch grayscale cho cc nh trn web
hoc cho cc bn in. Lu rng tr khi my in phun mc ca bn
c thit k ti to cc nh thang xm vi cc mc en v
xm (hay cc mc en v en nht), bn s khng hi lng vi kt
qu in nh grayscale. Vic s dng ch mt mc mu en s khng
ti to ton b dy sc trong nh. Vic s dng cc mc mu s
thm mt sc vo nh. C mt cch khc cho cc nh grayscale:
hy gi chng n phng ra nh a phng nh in.
- Indexed Color: Bng cch s dng mt bng mu (color table) hay
mt danh sch c n 256 mu c th, ch i Indexed Color dnh
cho Web. Bn lu cc nh GIF v PNG 8 trong mc Indexed
Color, nhng ch cc dng file l cn mt s lng mu gii hn
nh vy. Nhng th nh cc nt trn trang Web (vn ch cn vi
mu) s c to dng cc nh GIF nh s dng ch Indexed
Color. iu gip gim kch c file, gim lng khong trng m
nh i hi trn Web server ca bn, ng thi tng nhanh thi gian
ti xung.
- L*a*b: Cn c gi l Lab v CIELAB, y l mt ch mu
m bn c th s dng khi to cc hiu ng c bit hoc s dng
cc k thut nht nh trong Photoshop, nhng khng phi l ch
m bn s lu artwork sau cng ch . Sau y l ba knh
trong mt nh lab:
- Lightness: Knh ny ghi sng ca mi pixel
+ Knh ny ghi mu ca pixel trn mt tr green-to-red (xanh lc
sang )
+ Knh ny ghi gi tr mu ca mi pixel trn mt trc blue-to-
yellow (xanh dng sang vng)
Bn khng nn in cc nh Lab trn mt my in phun mc hoc gi
chng ln Web site ca bn. Bn nn chuyn i cc nh RGB hay
CMYK ca bn sang ch Lab trc khi s dng mt trong cc
b lc Sharpen ca Photoshop. Hy p dng b lc Unsharp Mask,
s dng lnh Edit | Fade Unsharp Mask, v thay i ch ho trn
t Normal sang Lunilosity. Cng mt kt qu, nhng s tc v c
thc hin t hn v kh nng lm gim cht lng nh cng thp
hn.
- Duotone: Duotone (bao gm c triotone v quadtone) l mt ch
mu rt chuyn bit, ch dnh cho vic in thng mi, vn s
dng ch hai hoc ba hay bn mu) mc tri rng ra khp nh. Mc
d ch ny c v ph hp vi mt my in phun mc, nhng tht
ra Duotone l mt ch mu khng th chp nhn c i vi
cc my in phun mc. Cc nh Duotone i hi phi l vic m bn
c th lm vi my in ca mnh.
- Multichannel: Ging nh Duotone, Multichannel l mt ch
mu ch dng gii hn trong cc my in thng mi bi v ph
thuc vo cc mu mc c pha trn sn p ln giy. Khng
ging nh Duotone, trong cc mc thng ri qua khp trang,
cc nh Multichannel s dng cc mc nht nh trong cc vng
nht nh. Bn c th cn ch Multichanne khi to mt logo cho
mt khch hng.
- Bitmap: Ch mu Bitmap l mu en v mu trng thc s.
Mi pixel hoc c mu en hoc mu trng. S sp t cc pixel
en v trng s to ra bng, nhng nh khng tht s c bt k pixel
xm no. Bn c th s dng ch Bitmap to cc nh cho mt
s thit b khng dy, s dng trn Web, hay in thng mi.

Vic chuyn i gia cc ch mu hay gam mu (c thc hin
vi menu Image | Mode) c th lm gim cht lng ca nh qua
vic nn cc mu khc nhau thnh mt gi tr mu duy nht. Chng
hn, bn s khng mun chuyn i t RGB (vn c sn s lng
mu tng i ln) CMYK (c gam mu gii hn hn), v sau
chuyn tr li RGB. Sau khi cc mu c nn do s chuyn
i, bn s khng phc hi cc gi tr ban u chng bng cch
chuyn tr li mt gam mu rng hn.
M hnh mu c to ra mt s khc bit no khng?
Mc d bn thn nh c mt ch mu duy nht, nhng bn c th
s dng bt k m hnh mu c sn khi xc nh mt mu trong
Photoshop. Gi s bn ang chun b s dng cng c Bruhs t
mt s thnh phn ngh thut cho d n gn y nht ca bn. D
n ny ch RGB bi v bn s in n vi my in phun mc. Bn
c th s dng Palette Color xc nh mu tin cnh theo bt k
cch no bn thch RGB, CMYK, Grayscale, Lab, hoc thm ch
c HSB (hue/saturation/brightness, n khng c sn dng mt ch
mu, m n ch l mt m hnh my). Cho d bn ci t Palette
Color nh th no, hy xem qua menu ca Palette ny.

Khi bn thm mu vo nh, Photoshop s dng dng mu gn ging
RGB nht (hay CMYK). Lu rng menu Palette Color hnh
minh ha trn khng lit k Duotone hay Multichannel. ch l
cc ch mu, khng phi m hnh mu.
Ti sao phi quan tm n su mu?
su mu (color depth) l s cc mu tht s khc nhau m bn
c sn. (Ghi nh rng mi pixel ch c th c mt mu). Khi bn
lm vic trong mu 8 bit/knh (gi n gin l mu 8 bt), mi mu
thnh phn c ghi vi ng 8 bt thng tin trong file my tnh.
Trong mt nh RGB 8 bit, mu ca mi pixel c ghi vi ba chui
gm 8 k t. Khi bn lm vic vi mu 16 bit/knh (hoc gi n
gin l mu 16 bit), mi mu thnh phn c ghi vi 16 k t. S
cng ln th cng c nhiu cch ghi mi mu, ngha l dng bin
i ca mu cng nhiu cng nh cc file chim nhiu khong trng
hn trn cng)
Vy th iu c ngha g vi bn? Trong thc t, c th l
mt nh p hn khi lm vic mu 16 bit. Bn s c cc phn
chuyn nhn hn gia cc mu trong sut nh ca bn, khng c
di sc trong cc mu gradient v khng c vng no b vy bn.
Posterization l s lm mt dn din mo ca nh khi cc mu
tng t b p buc thnh cng mt mu, lm cho cc phn chuyn
tip gia cc mu tr nn th hn. Nhiu phn chnh sa mu v
tng mu vn to ra posterization trong cc nh 8 bit ca bn s
khng lm nh hng n mt nh 16 bit.

S iu chnh Levels lm tng dy sc ca nh. Khi s iu
chnh ny c p dng cho mt phin bn 8 bit ca nh, mt
posterization s tr nn thy r trong Palette Histogram (c biu
th bi cc khong h trng mu trng trong histogram)
Vy th c cn phi lc no cng s dng mu 16 bit khng?
Khng. Bn khng th gi mt nh 16 bit ln Web, v mu 16 bit t
khi c s dng cc nh CMYK. Cc bc nh s c chp
dng JPEG l cc nh c mu 8 bit (bi v dng file khng h tr
mu 16 bit). V vi hu ht my in phun mc, bn s khng nhn
thy bt k s ci tin no trong bn in sau cng. (Tuy nhin, bn
c th s thy thi gian in tng ang k bi v d liu nh cn x l
nhiu hn gp hai ln).
Nu bn chp vi mu 16 bit, d l dng TIFF hay Raw, bn phi
x l nh mu 16 bit. Khi nh hon ho, bn c th mun chuyn
i mt bn sao ca file sang mu 8 bit in (Image | Mode 8
Bits/Channel). Bn c th nhn thy mt s trng hp m trong
bn s chuyn i mt nh 8 bit sang 16 bit. Vic chuyn i t 8
bit sang 16 bit khng gip bn trnh hin tng prosterization,
nhng n c th gim bt di sc nu bn thm mt mu gradient
m n c th c nh li kch c.
Mt im khc cn lu v sau mu: Photoshop CS6 c th x
l cc nh 32 bit/knh. Cc file ny c gi l cc nh c dy ng
cao (hight dynamic range, gi tt l HDR) v thng c to bng
cch kt hp cc phi sng khc nhau ca cng mt nh. Trong
Photoshop CS6, bn c th x l hai phi sng trong tnh nng
Merge to HDR. Bn c th s khng bao gi phi to mt nh HDR
cho bt k chng trnh video hay 3D no cn s dng chng,
nhng bn c th nhn thy ch li ca vic kt hp nhiu phi
sng ca mt bc nh chp phc tp. Trn ht, c mt file vi
kch c hp k v s truy cp vo nhiu tnh nng hn ca
Photoshop, hy s dng menu Image | Mode chuyn i sang
mu 16 bit hoc sang mu 8 bit.
b. Ghi mu trong nh
Mi d liu mu ca nh s c lu trong Palette Channels. Khi
bn ang x l cc nh RGB hay CMYK, mi knh mu cha
thng tin cho mt trong cc mu thnh phn (/xanh lc/xanh
dng hoc lc lam/ thm/vng/en). Mi knh l mt phin bn
thang xm ca nh, s dng cc bng xm, t trng sang en,
biu th ni m mu ca knh xut hin trong nh. Trong cc nh
RGB, pixel trong mt knh cng sng th lng ca mu cng
nhiu. Khi ban x l mt nh CMYK, sng ti trong mt knh
c o ngc, vi cc vng ti hn biu th ni m lng mu
c p dng nhiu hn.
2. iu chnh mu trong Photoshop
i khi bn c mt nh cn c iu chnh. N c th c
chp vi mt xc lp my nh khng chnh xc, n c th c sc
thi mu khng mong mun, hoc n c v t nht. Photoshop cung
cp cho bn mt mng cc lnh v cng c gip bn ci tin cc
mu trong bc nh ca bn.
Lm th no bit mu ph hp?
Cng c chnh gip nhn bit iu ny chnh l bn. Hy a ra cc
quyt nh ch yu da vo nhng g m mt bn cm nhn c.
Bn c th kim tra Palette Info v Palette Histogram chc chn
cc vng ti c mu en v cc vng sng c mu trng, nhng iu
chnh cc nh ca bn cho n khi chng c v ph hp i vi bn
ngha l cho n khi bn hi lng vi mu.
Th no l mt mu m?
Cc mu m trong nh ca bn c in bng cch s dng cc
mc pha trn sn vi ng mu . chun b chnh xc mt mu
m cho my in n cn nm trong knh mu m ca ring n, y
l mt knh mu ring bit m bn s ch ra ni v cch mc c
p dng (cc knh trong nh ca n ln giy). Bi v cc knh mu
m dc s dng vi cc nh CMYK nn mu ti thng hin th
nhiu hn. ni bn cn mu m c cng 100%, hy t trc
tip trong knh mu m vi mu en. ni bn mun ch c mt
sc sng ca mu m, hy dng mt mu xm nht.

Bn to knh mu m bng cch chn lnh Spot Channel t menu
Palette Channels.

Nhp mu mu trong hp thoi New Spot Channel m cc th
vin mu. (Nu bn nhn thy Color Picker bnh thng, hy nhp
nt Color Libraries). Chn s mu thch hp (tp hp cc mu; xem
hnh bn di) cho d n ca bn; sau chn mu ca bn. Nhp
OK trong hp thoi New Spot Channel nhp mu, ng thay i
tn (nu nh s c t trong mt ti liu InDesign), PDF, TIFF,
hay DCS2. 0. Trao i vi ngi x l kiu trnh by (layout) hay
c s in xem h yu cu dng file no.

a. Theo di cc Palette Histogram v Info
Khi bn lm vic vi nhiu phn iu chnh mu khc nhau trong
Photoshop, c hai Palette c th gip bn theo di cc thay i m
bn ang thc hin. l cc Palette Info v Histogram. Theo mc
nh, cc Palette ny nm xp lng nhau gc pha trn bn phi
ca mn hnh. (Bn cng c th hin th hay che giu chng thng
qua menu Windows ca Photoshop). Bn c th mun r mt trong
hai Palette ny ra khi tp hp xp lng c hai cng hin th.
(Nhp tab ca Palette v r n ra ngoi). Vic theo di cc Palette
Info v Histogram trong khi bn ang r cc thanh trt v nhp cc
s vo cc trng khc nhau c th gip bn pht hin ra cc li
trc khi chng xy ra.
Histogram hu ch cho vic theo di cc thay i trong s phn b
cc pixel cc dy sc khc nhau. Palette Info cho bn thy cc
gi tr mu trc v sau, trong lc c mt hp iu chnh ang
m. Bt k ni no bn di chuyn con tr trong ca s nh (n s
xut hin dng cng c Eyedropper), Palette Info s cho bn thy
kt qu ca s iu chnh. Bn cng c th nhn gi phm Shift
thay i sang cng c Color Sampler. Vic nhp vo nh vi cng
c Color Sampler s tng thm bn du marker trong nh. Cc gi
tr mu di cc marker ny xut hin trong Palette Info, v ging
nh v tr cursor, n cho bit cc gi tr trc/ sau khi ban ang thc
hin cc thay i.

b. Chn cc lnh iu chnh mu
Photoshop cung cp hng chc lnh khc nhau m bn c th s
dng ci tin din mo ca cc nh, tt c chng u c th c
truy cp d dng thng qua menu Image | Adjustments.

Mt s c cc mc ch chuyn bit, v mt s cc k linh hot. a
s cc lnh c trnh by y c th c thm vo cc nh ca
bn dng mt lp iu chnh (adjustment layer) tng thm s
linh hot.
Auto Color
Auto Color c l l cch n gin nht ci tin c mu sc v sc
( ti ca vng ti v sng ca vng sng). Hy chn lnh
v Photoshop s t ng tm cc pixel sng nht v ti nht trong
nh. Sau da trn c s tng knh, n phn b li cc gi tr ca
pixel cn li. tm hiu thm thng tin v Auto Color v cc lnh
Auto Contrast v Auto Levels lin quan.
Curves
Lnh Curves cng c trnh by bi tip theo. Tuy nhin,
chnh sa mu (thay v iu chnh sc , bn cn lm vic trn mi
knh ring l, chn ln lt mi knh t menu bt ln nm u
hp thoi Curves.

Mc d vic lm trn mi knh vi Curves c th rt hiu qu
nhng n cng c th lm mt nhiu thi gian do bi vic di chuyn
ti lui gia cc knh khi iu chnh. Tuy iu ny c th bt tin
nhng Curves l mt cng c chnh sa mu rt mnh.
Color Balance
Color Balance cung cp ba thanh trt m bn c th s dng
thc hin s thay i cho s cn i gia cc phn mu i ngc.
Nu nh qu xanh, bn r thanh trt th ba ra xa Blue v v pha
Yellow. (y l mt cch tuyt vi nh cc mu no l cc cp
i ngc).

Bn c th iu khin cc vng sng, cc vng sc trung gian, v
cc vng ti ca nh mt cch ring l bng cch s dng cc nt
radio ci hp thoi Color Balance. V trong hu ht cc trng
hp, bn s mun hp kim Preserve Luminosity c chn sao
cho sng ca cc pixel ring l c gi li.
Hue/Saturation
Hue/Saturation l mt cng c rt mnh. Bng cch s dng kt hp
ba thanh trt, bn c th iu chnh hue (mu) loi b mt sc
thi mu khng mong mun, tng saturation ( bo ho) cc
mu c v phong ph hn v ni bt hn, v iu chnh lightness
( sng) ci tin sc ca nh.

Lu rng khi bn iu chnh mt vng no qu ti, hy bt u
vi thanh trt Lightness bn c th nh gi chnh xc cc thay
i khc (Hue v Saturation). Cng ghi nh rng, bn c th p
dng Hue/Saturation (ging nh nhiu phn iu chnh khc) cho
mt dy cc mu nht nh trong nh, c chn trong menu bt ln
nm u hp thoi.
Desaturate
Lnh Desaturate ca Photoshop to ra mt dng biu din thang
xm ca mt nh mu m khng lm thay i ch mu. y l
mt k thut mu rt hp dn khi bn to mt vng chn trc tin,
cha li mt phn mu ca nh v chuyn i mt phn sang dng
thang xm m phng.

Tuy nhin, c cc cch tt hn chuyn t mu sang thang
xm, chng hn nh s dng Channel Mixer.
Match Color
Match Color cho php bn iu chnh mt nh ph hp vi mt nh
khc (v thm ch bn c th s dng cc vng chn nhn bit
cc vng cn iu chnh v cc vng ca nh c s dng lm c
s iu chnh), nhng lu rng bn s nhn c cc kt qa
tt hn vi cc nh c mu kh tng t. Bn cng c th chnh
sa mt bc nh chp v s dng bc nh lm chun chnh
sa cc bc nh khc. (Ging nh phn ln s iu chnh nh, bn
c th ghi mt s thay i trong mt Action v s dng lnh Batch
ca Photoshop p dng iu chnh cho mt chui cc nh.
Bi v y l mt cng c mnh nn bn cn xem xt iu g xy ra
trong hp thoi Match Color:
- Ignore Selection When Applying Adjustment: Nu bn c mt
vng chn hot ng trong lp ch hay nh ch (v bn mun s
iu chnh c p dng cho ton b ch), hy chn hp kim ny.
Nu hp kim ny khng c chn, s iu chnh ch c p
dng bn trong vng chn. Lu rng bn c th s dng cc vng
chn p dng Match Color cho ch mt phn ca nh (chng hn
nh cc tng mu da), hoc bn c th iu chnh mi ln mt vng
ca nh.
- Luminance: Sau khi khung xem trc hin th trong ca s nh,
bn c th gim sc hoc tng sng ca vng ch vi thanh
trt Luminance.
- Color Intensity: Hy xem thanh trt ny nh l mt s iu
chnh, gim bt cng ca n.
- Fade: Vic s dng Fade cho php bn ho trn phn iu chnh,
gim bt cng ca n.
- Neutralize: Mt sc thi mu khng mong mun c to ra do
bi s iu chnh, vic nh du hp kim Neutraliza s loi b n.
- Use Selection in Source to Calculate Colors: Bn c th to mt
vng chn trong nh m bn ang c lm ph hp vi nh (nh
ngun) v s dng cc mu bn trong vng chn lm c s
tnh Match Color.

- Use Selection in Target to Calculate Adjustment: Bn c th
to mt vng chn khc trong lp ch hay nh ch vn trnh by
Match Color bng mt mu ca cc pixel s dng cho vic
tnh s iu chnh.
- Source: Menu bt ln Source lit k tt c cc nh ang m c th
c dng lm c s cho vic iu chnh. Ch cc nh c cng ch
mu v sau mu l c lit k. Trong mu, nh chnh l
ngun m bn c th chn mt lp ph hp. Hy xem ngun nh l
nh m bn ang tng kt cc mu ca n. (nh c chn hay
lp hot ng bn trong mt nh l phn bn ang iu chnh).
- Layer: Khi mt nh c nhiu lp c chn trong menu bt ln
Source, bn c th ch nh lp no (hay mt bn sao ho trn
ca cc lp) nh l ngun tht s. Trong v d trn, lp bn di -
lp c cha c - chnh l ngun.
- Load Statistics/Save Statistics: Nu bn ang thc hin mt
chui cc nh v bn mun tng tc lm vic, hy nhp nt Save
Statistics ghi li s iu chnh m bn ang thc hin v sau
s dng nt Load Statistics vi cc nh khc.
Raplace Color
Raplace Color l mt cng c dng hon i mu ny ly mu
khc. N tht s thch hp trong mt mi trng to m mt o
blouse nht nh chng hn c sn vi nhiu mu khc nhau. Hy
chp mt mu v sau dng Replace Color to cc mu sn
phm khc.
Hp thoi Replace Color nh minh ha di y:

C hai phn ring bit: Selection v Replacement, hy nhp vi
Eyedropper tri, hoc trong vng xem trc hoc trong cc ca s
nh, v iu chnh thanh trt Fuzziness to vng chn u tin.
S dng Eyedropper gia thm cc mu b xung (hay cc bng
ca mu ban u), v s dng Eyedropper phi loi bt khi
vng chn. (Chn ch cc phn bin i ca mt mu). Sau r
cc thanh trt Hue, Saturation, v Lightness trong mc
Replacement to din mo mi.
Selective Color
Mc d c thit k gip bn b p cho nhng khim khuyt
ca nhng my in, nhng Selective Color c th gip bn thc hin
cc vic tuyt vi khc.
Hp thoi ca lnh, nh minh ha hnh di y, c mt menu
bt ln cung cp su mu c bn ca Photoshop, cng nh cc mu
trng, cc mu trung tnh, v cc mu en. Bn chn dy mu no
cn iu chnh v sau r cc thanh trt.

Bn c th lm vic trn mt tp hp mu, no cn iu chnh v
sau r cc tranh trt. Bn c th lm vic trn mt tp hp mu,
chuyn sang mt tp hp khc v c nh vy m khng phi nhp
OK gia cc ln chuyn. Chng hn, bn c th iu chnh cc mu
trong nh v gi nguyn cc mu xanh dng, hoc bn c th
iu chnh cc mu v sau iu chnh cc mu xanh dng
m khng phi thot khi hp thoi.
Khi bn cn thc hin cc phn iu chnh nh, hy chn nt Radio
Reletive di cng. Nu bn cn thc hin s thay i c bn,
hy chn nt radio Abssolute.
Channel Mixer
c thit k chnh sa mt knh b li trong nh, Channel
Mixer cho php bn s dng cc thanh trt thay th mt s
hoc ton b cng ca mt knh mu bng ni dung t cc
knh khc. Nu bn gp mt nh c mt knh b hng, bn c th
s dng s iu chnh Channel Mixer lm vic trn n. Bn gim
gi tr ca knh ch bng cch r thanh trt sang tri. Sau , bn
r mt hoc c hai thanh trt kia v pha phi. Ni chung bn cn
thm mt lng (k hp gia hai knh khc) gn bng lng m
bn loi bt khi knh ch.
Nu bn r mt thanh trt sang tri vt qu s 0 (zero), bn o
ngc ni dung ca knh. Bn c th to ra mt s hiu ng khc
thng vi k thut ny, o ngc mt phn ca mt hoc hai
knh. Khi bn c c hi, hy th n.
C mt iu m Channel Mixer c th thc hin rt tt. Bn c th
to cc dng thang xm ca cc nh bng nhiu cch khc nhau
trong Photoshop - bng cch chn Image | Adjustments | Desaturate
hoc Imae | Mode | Grayscale, hoc bng cch xo cc knh, s
dng knh L ca mt nh Lab, v vv Nhng khng c k thut
no trong s cc k thut trn hon ton c th so snh c vi
vic to nh thang xm vi Channel Mixer. Sau y l cch bn
thc hin iu .
1. M nh trong Photoshop v nh gi cc knh mu.
Hy bt u vi mt nh RGB 8 bit c p phng. Xem xt mi
knh ring l bng cch nhp vo tng knh v che giu hai knh
mu cn li bng cch nhp vo biu tng eyeball pha bn tri
ca mi knh. Quan st knh no cha thng tin chi tit cho phn
no ca nh. Chng hn, tn l thng s l thnh phn ni bt nht
trong knh Green.
2. M Channel Mixer
S dng lnh menu Image | Adjustments | Channel Mixer. (Channel
Mixer cng c sn dng mt lp iu chnh).

3. Chn hp kim Monochorome
Khi bn chn tu chn Monochorome (gc pha di bn tri ca
hp thoi), bn ang cho Channel Mixer bit rng bn mun mt
knh khi bn hon tt vic iu chnh. (Mc d mc ny trnh
by v vic to mt nh thang xm, nhng knh c to c th
c s dng bng nhiu cch khc nhau trong cc nh khc, chng
hn dng mt knh alpha hay mt knh mu m).
4. iu chnh cc thanh trt to mt nh thang xm tuyt
p. Hy bt u vi ba thanh trt knh ti cng 40 v thanh trt
Constant ti khong 7. By gi hy th lm vic vi cc thanh
trt, ghi nh s nh gi ca bn i vi cc knh ring l. Ni
chung, i vi mt bc nh gc c phi sng tt, tng gi tr
trong cc trng ca cc thanh trt s bng khong 100. Khi nh
c v p, hy nhp OK.

5. Lu nh vi tn Grayscale.
S dng lnh Image | Mode | Grayscale chuyn i sang nh
thang xm tht s (Channel Mixer nh ch RGB), v sau
thc hin vic lu. Bo m bn thay i tn hay v tr khng
ghi ln nh gc.
6. Lu nh vi tn Grayscale.
S dng lnh Image | mode | Grayscale chuyn sang nh thang
xm tht s (Channel Mixer nh ch RGB), v sau
thc hin vic lu. Bo m bn thay i tn hay v tr khng ghi
ln nh gc.
Gradient Map
C tnh sng to nhiu hn l chnh sa, tnh nng Gradient Map
to li nh ca bn bng cch s dng mt gradient. im dng
mu ngoi cng bn tri (cc im neo m mt mu gradient c
gn) trong gradient c nh x sang cc vng ti, im dng mu
gia s c gn cho dy sc cn li mt ch thch hp.

Ni chung, bn s dng cc mu ti hn cho cc im dng mu
bn tri v cc mu sng hn cho cc im dng mu bn phi
(mc d cc hiu ng cc k hp dn c th c to bng cch pha
trn cc th li vi nhau). Vic s dng mt mu gradient chuyn
t en sang trng s to mt nh thang xm (gradient).
hiu chnh gradient, bn ch cn nhp ngay trn gradient mu
trong hp thoi Gradient Map. Nhp thm cc im dng mu,
r di chuyn cc im dng mu, v nhp mu mu gn cui
thay i mu ca im dng c chn.
Photo Filter
Photo Filter ca Photoshop qu tht l mt s iu chnh nh hn l
m b lc (filter). Ch filter trong tn m ch cc b lc nhip nh
thc t m bn a vo cui ng knh. S iu chnh ny l mt
cch tuyt vi chnh sa cc li lin quan n nhit trong mt
bc nh ngha l s cm nhn mu nng hay mu lnh ca mt
bc nh. Khi my nh chp mt nh trong cc iu kin nh sng
khng nh mong mun, bn c th d dng thy r mu b khim
khuyt. Gi s my nh c xc lp sang Daylight khi chp trong
nh. Khi mt nh qu xanh th n qu lnh; ngc li mt nh c
qu nhiu mu cam th n qu nng. (Ghi nh rng y ch l s
nh gi theo cm nhn - v mt k thut th nh sng xanh nng
hn nh sng vng hay ). Trong Photo Filter, bn chn mt b lc
c xc lp sn t mt menu bt ln hoc chn mt mu m
bn thch. Nh bn c th thy hnh di, c hai b lc c
xc lp sn v mu tu bin u c hiu qu trong vic trung tnh
mt sc thi mu. (D nhin, bn cng c th s dng cc b lc ny
u thm mt sc thi mu nu bn thc s mun iu ).

Shadow/Highlight
S iu chnh Shadow/Highlight c trnh by chi tit bi tip
nh l mt cng c chnh sa sc . Tuy nhin, lu rng hp
thoi Shadow/Highlight cng c cha thanh trt Color Correction.
Sau khi bn lm sng cc vng ti hoc gim sc ca cc vng
sng, bn c th tng hay gim bo ho ca cc mu trong cc
vng iu chnh ca nh bng thanh trt Color Correction.
Invert
Mt ln na, c tnh sng to hn l chnh sa, lnh Invert (khng
c hp thoi) ch o ngc cc mu trong nh hay trong cc vng
c chn. Mc d vic o ngc cc vng ca mt nh (ging
nh hu bo ho) c th thu ht s ch vo ch th ca bc nh,
nhng n l mt k thut thng i hi nhiu s tinh chnh sau khi
o ngc.
Posterize
Lnh Posterize p dy mu ca nh thnh mt vi mu c chn.

Ban u bn s c cc mu en v trng, sau l mt s gii hn
ca cc mu b xung, da vo ni dung ca nh gc. Bn chn s
cc mu m bn mun s dng, v Photoshop chn nhng mu no
cn s dng. Bn c th s dng ch khong hai mu (cng vi cc
mu en v trng) hoc s dng n 255 mu. Posterize c th to
ra mt s m phng kh thch th cho mt bc nh vi ch vi mu.
b. Lm vic vi tnh nng Variatons
Tnh nng Variations, nm trong menu Image | Adjustments, l mt
cch bn t ng thc hin cc phn iu chnh mu v sc
cho cc nh ca bn. Bn m nh, m Variations, sau nhp phin
bn no c din mo tt hn.

Vic s dng Variations l mt ca vic chn ci no p hn,
ci ny hay ci kia? Khi bn nhp mt trong cc nh, n di chuyn
n v tr Current Pick, v mt tp hp mi ca cc dng bin i
c to t ng. Cc vng mu xanh dng m bn nhn thy
trong mt s tu chn hnh trn biu th cc vng m ni cc
mu s c xn - c p thnh mu en trong cc ng ti hoc
thnh mu trng trong cc vng sng - iu ny s dn n tnh
trng chi tit b mt trong nh. Bn c th tt tnh nng bng
cch xo chn hp kim Show Clipping gc pha trn bn phi.
Cng lu rng bn c th iu chnh cc vng ti, cc vng sc
trung gian, v cc vng sng mt cch c lp v bn cng c th
iu khin lng bin i gia cc mu.
Hy bt u vi tp hp thanh trt Fine / Coarse gia v chnh
sa cc vng sc trung gian, cc vng ti, cc vng sng v sau
chnh sa bo ho. By gi hy r thanh trt sang xc lp
file v tp trung ch v mt bc nh hon ho.
c. Chnh sa bng tay trong cc knh ring l
i khi cc vng khc nhau ca mt nh i hi cc phn chnh sa
khc nhau. Chng hn, bn c th t cc phn chnh sa vo cc
vng nht nh ca mt knh bng cch s dng cc cng c to sc
trong Toolbox ca Photoshop.

Hnh minh ha trn c mt li rt r rng. pha di bn tri l
mt vit nh mu xanh nht cn c loi b. Bng cch s dng
cng c Burn trn tng knh, bn c th lm ti vng ca mi
knh - mi knh tu theo nhu cu ca n
pha bn tri, bn c th nhn thy vng nh sng ni bt trong
thumbnail ca mi knh. bn phi, sau khi s dng cng c Burn,
cc vng sng hn s bin mt.
Ngoi cng c Burn, bn c th s dng cc cng c Dodge, Blur,
Sharpen, v Smudge. Bn c th s dng cng c Brush v t vi
mu en, mu trng hay mu xm. Bn s dng Levels hoc Curves
trn tng knh ring l hoc trn mt vng chn bn trong mt hay
nhiu knh. Khi tinh chnh mt nh ng e ngi lm vic trong tng
knh, bi v iu s to s hon ho hn cho bc nh ca bn.
Hy nhn vo hai Palette Channels hnh trn. bn phi, knh
Green l knh hot ng (bn c th nhn bit iu ny bi v n
c bt sng), v ch knh Green l thy c (ch knh ny c
biu tng eyeball hin th bn tri). Cc knh cn li th n, v
bn ch thy dng biu din thang xm t knh Green trong ca
s nh. Tuy nhin, bn tri, ch knh Red l knh hot ng,
nhng tt c cc knh u hin th. Bt k s thay i c thc
hin cho nh trng thi s c p dng cho ch knh Red.
Nhng bi v tt c cc knh u hin th nn bn c th nhn thy
ton b s tc ng ln nh. i khi bn mun ch mt knh hin
th (khi c cn i dy sc trong sut knh chng hn), nhng
phn ln bn mun nhn thy iu g ang din ra trong ton b
nh. Nhp mt knh (hoc nhn Shift + nhp hai knh) m bn cn
lm vic trong . Sau nhp trong ct tri k bn knh tng hp
nm nh lm cho tt c cc knh u hin th.
3. Chnh sa cc tng mu da
Mt trong nhng cng vic kh nht (nhng cng quan trng nht)
trong Photoshop l bo m cho da c mu ph hp. Mi ngi c
mt tng mu da ring. Vic lm cho da c tng mu ph hp
thng l mt s thch thc ln, nhng cng thng l mt s
thch thc quan trng.
Khi bn cn iu chnh da cho ch th trong bc nh ca bn, y
thng l phn tiu im ca nh - ngi m bn ang chp. V
ngay c khi mt ngi khng phi l ch th ca nh, da vn l
phn thu ht s ch trong nh.
Bn s nhn thy cc phn bin i khng t nhin trong mu da s
rt d nhn bit. Hy quan st mu da ca ch th v thc hin s
iu chnh da theo din mo ca mu da .
Cc s trn l cc s CMYK, ngay c s dng vi cc nh RGB.
Hy m menu pelette Info, chn Palette Options, v xc lp Second
Color Readout sang CMYK.

Hp thoi Option xut hin nh hnh di

Ghi nh rng bn c th s dng cc cng c ly mu mu nh cc
placeholder trong nh, theo di cc thay i m CMYK trong
Palette Info. Xc lp cc ch s ly mu mu sang CMTK trong
Palette Info bng cch nhp vo biu tng Eyedropper bn tri
ca ch mu c lit k cho mi phn ly mu.
Bi 5 - Ho trn cc lp mu vi nhau
1. Cch hot dng ca ch lp
Cc ch ha trn (blending mode) c th l mt cng c sng to
hoc thc tin kt hp v ci tin hnh nh v ni dung lp. Cc
ch (mode) n gin l mt phng tin ho trn ni dung ca
hai hoc nhiu lp. C th ngh cc ch nh l mt phng tin
bin cc lp thnh nhng chng trnh tnh ton nh. Khi mt lp
c xc lp sang ch c th, ni dung ca lp hot ng trong
ch d trn ni dung ca cc lp nhn thy c di n trong
ngn xp lp. Kt qu nhn thy c l s tng quan trc tip vi
php tnh ci sn vo ch . Hu ht cc ch lp khng tht s
hu dng cho s hiu chnh mi ngy nhng mt s th c v khi
chng hu dng, chng l nhng cng c rt mnh m. Ton b vn
cc php tnh c thc hin l quyt nh nhng g cn lm
v ch no bn s mun s dng hnh thnh kt qu. S dng
cc ch ph thuc vo vic bit chng hnh ng nh th no.
Mc d n thng l nhng g m ngi dng tm kim, nhng
nhng phn m t t nht v cc php tnh s c l l cch km hu
dng nht tht s hiu nhng g m mt ch hon thnh.
Thm ch nhng ngi c khuynh hng ton hc thng kh hnh
dung mt php tnh p dng di dng mt kt qu nh th no.
Nhng m t v hiu ng c th hi hu dng hn nhng khng
hon ton mang tnh trc gic. Mt s kt hp phn m t v mt v
d n gin c th hu dng nht v l nhng g m chng ta s
xem y bt u suy ngh v cch s dng nhng ch .
Hnh di minh ha hai lp n gin vn s c s dng lm cc
nh ngun so snh cc hot ng ca cc ch khi c p
dng vo tng mu.

test cc ch , tt c nhng g bn s lm l thay i ch ca
lp pha trn trong file test (v m c khi c th p dng)
xem hiu ng m nhng ch tc ng ln nhng g m bn thy
trn mn hnh. Ch vic m mt hoc hai nh mu, kch hot Upper
Layer/Calculation Layer, v chn mt ch d t danh sch x
xung Mode. iu ny s p dng ch v hy vng s cho bn
cm nhn trc quan v nhng g xy ra khi cc lp c p dng
vi nhng ch khc nhau, sau bn s xem mt s v d c th
hn v vic p dng ny vo cc hnh nh nh th no.
Ch Normal l mt lp ph ni dung n gin trong lp pha
trn. Kt qu mang mu/tng mu ca cc pixel trong lp pha trn.
y l ch mc nh ca cc lp, v c l cho n by gi l ch
thng c s dng nhiu nht.

a. Dissolve
Kt qu l mu/tng mu ca cc pixel trong lp pha trn hoc lp
pha di, c quyt nh trn c s tng pixel theo ch m
c ca lp. Lp pha trn c dither theo t l phn trm m
c v tnh ng nht ca ni dung lp: T l phn trm m c
n nh t l phn trm ca cc pixel trong lp hin th. m c
100%, 100% pixel trong lp pha trn hin th; vi m c 50%,
50% pixel trong lp pha trn hin th. Cc pixel c lm n trong
mt hiu ng ngu nhin ho hoc dither. C th c s dng tt
nht cho ha web v nhng hiu ng dither khc.

b. Darken

Chn gi tr mu ti nht trong mi knh so snh lp pha trn v
lp. Khng c phn no ca nh tr nn sng hn. V d, trong mt
nh RGB, nu pixel lp pha trn l RGB 255, 170, 33 v pixel lp
pha di l RGB 45, 165, 44, kt qu trong ch Darken thp
hn trong bt k s ny cho mi knh, hoc RGB 45, 165, 33. Kt
qu s khng bao gi ti hn nhng gi tr hin c. c s dng
lm phng tin lm ti ni dung m s p dng khng c
vt qu sng ngoi cc mu ang c p dng.
c. Multily
Lm ti kt qu bng cch lm ti lp pha di da vo ti ca
lp pha trn. Bt k tng mu ti hn mu trng trong lp Multiply
lm ti din mo ca ni dung. Vic p dng lin tc cc lp trong
ch Multiply s to ra mt kt qu ti hn lin tc v s tr nn
ti hn nhng gi tr hin c.

Khng c phn no ca nh c th tr nn sng hn. Thng c
s dng vi nhng hiu ng nh cc bng (drop shadow) v mt
vt (bevel). Hu dng trong vic tch mu da vo lp cho RGB v
CMYK.
d. Color Burn

Burn (lm ti) mu ca lp pha di vi lp pha trn, lm ti kt
qu. C khuynh hng lm ti hoc lm phong ph cng mu.
Khng c phn no ca nh tr nn sng hn. S khc bit gia cc
mu pixel c p dng v ni dung cng ln th t l phn trm
thay i cng ln. c s dng cho nhng hiu ng c bit v
mt s s ci tin mu.
e. Linear Burn

Tng t nh Multiply nhng c p dng mt cch tt hn v
tuyn tnh. Khng c phn no ca nh c th tr nn sng hn.
c s dng trong cc php tnh nh trn knh da vo lp.
f. Darker Color

Chn mu ti hn trong hai mu trong vic so snh pixel lp pha
trn vi cc pixel. Khng c mu no trong nh c th tr nn sng
hn.
g. Screen

Lm sng kt qu bng cch lm sng lp pha di da vo
sng ca lp pha trn. Bt k tng mu sng hn mu en trong lp
pha di lm sng din mo ca ni dung. Vic p dng lin tip
cc lp trong ch Screen s to ra mt kt qu sng hn lin tc
v s tr nn sng hn nhng gi tr hin c. Khng c phn no
ca nh c th tr nn ti hn. Thng c s dng vi nhng
hiu ng nh cc vng pht sinh (glow) v mt vt (bevel)
h. Color Dodge

Dodge (lm sng) mu ca lp pha di vi lp pha trn, lm sng
kt qu. C khuynh hng kh bo ho v lm bc mu. Khng c
phn no ca nh tr nn ti hn. S khc bit gia cc mu pixel
c p dng ni dung cng ln, t l phn trm thay i cng ln.
c s dng cho nhng hiu ng c bit v mt s ci tin mu.
i. Linear Dodge

Tng t nh Screen nhng c p dng mt cch tt hn v
tuyn tnh. Khng c phn no ca nh c th tr nn ti hn. c
s dng trong cc php tnh, nh trn knh da vo lp.
j. Lighter Color

Chn mu sng hn trong hai mu trong vic so snh cc pixel ca
lp pha trn vi cc pixel. Khng c mu no trong nh c th tr
nn ti hn.
k. Overlay
Multiply (lm ti) cc mu ti ( sng 1-49%) v screen (lm
sng) cc mu sng ( sng 51-99%) trong lp pha di da vo
ni dung ca lp pha trn. iu ny nng cao tng phn vi
ni dung tng t (nu bn to mt l composite u ngn xp
lp v xc lp sang Overlay). Nu tng mu c p dng sng hn
50% xm, kt qu tr nn sng hn; nu ti hn 50% xm, n tr
nn ti. Cc mu gia dy sng v ti (cc tng mu mt phn t
ti 75% v 25 xm) b nh hng nhiu hn cc thi cc dy (0%,
100% v 50% xm). Hu dng cho nhng hiu ng lm sc nt th
cng. Cng hu dng i vi vic tng cng mu v tng
phn

l. Soft Light

Multiply (lm ti) cc mu ti ( sng 1-49%) v screen (lm
sng) cc mu sng ( sng 51-100%) trong cc lp pha di vo
ni dung ca lp pha trn. Tng t nh Overlay nhng khng
mnh bng. Nu mu c p dng sng, pixel sng ln; nu ti, n
tr nn ti. Hu dng trong mt s hiu ng c bit (soft focus) v
tng cng mu v tng phn.
m. Hard Light

Multiply (lm ti) cc mu ti ( sng 0-49%) v screen (lm
sng) cc mu sng ( sng 51-100%) trong cc lp pha di da
vo ni dung ca lp pha trn. Tng t nh Soft Light v Overlay
nhng c tnh tuyn tnh hn. Hu dng trong mt s hiu ng c
bit v tng cng mu v tng phn.
n. Vivid Light

Tng t nh Color Burn nhng pixel trong lp pha trn ti hn
50% xm; tng t nh Color Dodge khi pixel trong lp pha trn
sng hn 50% xm.
o. Linear Light

Tng t nh Linear Burn khi mu lp pha trn ti hn 50%
xm; tng t nh Linear Dodge khi mu trong lp pha trn sng
hn 50% xm.
p. Pin Light

Tng t nh Multiply khi lp pha trn ti hn 50% xam; tng t
nh Screen khi lp pha trn sng hn 50% xm.
q. Hard Mix

Thm mt hiu ng Palette gii hn vo hiu ng Vived Light. N
s posterize kt qu xut hin di dng mt trong tm mu
chnh; trng, , xanh lc, xanh dng, xanh lam, tm thm, vng
hoc en.
r. Difference

Th hin kt qu tnh ton hiu gia cc gi tr pixel. Mt hiu ln
to ra mt kt qu sng; mt hiu nh to ra mt kt qu ti (khng
c hiu to ra mu en). Hu dng trong cc nh gi nh th
hin o nhng im khc bit gia cc phn hiu chnh v mt s
hiu ng c bit.
s. Exelusion

S dng ti ca lp pha trn che giu hiu ng Diffemence
(xem Diffemence). Nu pixel lp pha trn ti, kt qu t c thay
i; nu pixel lp pha trn en, khng c s thay i. Pixel trong
lp pha trn cng sng th hiu ng Diffemence tim nng cng
mnh. Hu nh c s dng cho nhng hiu ng c bit.
t. Hue

Thay i sc mu (Hue) ca cc pixel trong cc lp pha di da
vo lp pha trn trong khi khng thay i bo ho (Saturation)
v sng (Luminosity). c s dng iu chnh mu.
u. Saturation

Thay i bo ho ca cc pixel trong cc lp pha di da vo
lp pha trn trong khi nguyn vn Hue v Luminosity. c s
dng iu chnh mu.
v. Color

Thay i sc mu v bo ha ca cc pixel trong cc lp pha
di da vo lp pha trn trong khi gi nguyn vn sng. c
s dng cho s iu chnh mu v s tch Luminosity v Color da
vo lp.
x. Luminosity

Thay i sng ca cc pixel trong cc lp pha di da vo lp
pha trn trong khi nguyn vn bo ha v sc mu. c s
dng iu chnh tng mu v tt Luminosity v Color da vo
lp.
Bn c th s dng nhng trang ny tham kho. Cc ch thch
gi nhng ch m bn c th s dng thng xuyn nht v
thnh cng nht. Tuy nhin, nu r chng y, sau y l
nhng ch ny:
- Normal
- Multiply
- Screen
- Overlay
- Soft light
- Color
- Luminosity
- Difference
- Darken
- Lighten
L do cho s ph thuc vo tp hp con ny l nhng ch khc
rt thng l nhng bin i ca nhng ch ny v kt qu bn
c c c th c kim sot tt hn bng Opacity ( m c)
hoc nhn i cc lp vi nhng ch ny, thay v i n mt ch
t c kh nng d on trc hoc phc tp hn.
Hy xem mt s ng dng thc tin ca cc ch lp xem bn
c th s dng chng nh th no t c kt qu hu dng bt
u vi vic tch mu v tng mu.
2. Tch mu v tng mu
a. Tch mu v tng mu
Mt trong nhng kt qu d nht m bn c th d dng hp th khi
lm vic vi nhng ch lp l p dng Color v Luminosity. Vi
hai ch ny, bn c th tch bit ni dung ca mt lp sao cho n
ch nh hng n tng mu hoc ch mu. Bn cng c th s
dng chc nng ny tch bit ni dung da vo nhng ch .
Vic tch mu c thc hin nhanh bng cc php tnh n gin
da vo lp v s p dng cc ch lp.
1. M bt k nh.

2. Lm phng (flatten) nh nu n cha lm phng (chn Flatten
Image t menu Layers). Cc nh c lm phng s ch c mt lp
Background.
3. Nhn i lp Background v t tn cho bn sao l 1 source.
4. To mt lp mi nm trn lp 1 Source v t tn cho n l 2
Grayscale.
5. T lp Grayscale bng 50% xm (chn Edit | Fill, sau xc lp
thanh chn Content Use sang 50% xm).

6. Thay i lp 2 Grayscale sang ch Color. Palette lp s trng
ging nh hnh di y v nh s c th hin dng thang
xm v mu xm c p dng vo cc lp pha di.

7. To mt lp mi nm u ngn xp lp v t tn cho n l 3
Luminosity.

8. Nhn Ctrl + Alt + Shift + E ng du nh nhn thy c ln
lp mi. iu ny chuyn s thay i thang xm sang lp mi.
9. Xc lp ch sang Luminosity. iu ny hon tt vic tch ri
thnh phn Luminosity. Tt lp ca 3 Luminosity.
By gi sng (Luminosity) c tch khi mu v bn c th
c lp thay i tng mu bng cch m lp 3 Luminosity v p
dng cc thay i bc ni m bn ri khi.
10. Kch hot lp 2 Grayscale bng cch nhp n trong Palette
layers. Chuyn Mode sang Normal (nh s dng nh xm phng
tr li), sau nhn Ctrl + [ di chuyn lp 2 Grayscale bn di
lp 1 Source. nh s c mu tr li.

11. Thay i ch lp 1 Source thnh Color. Nhng g bn s thy
l mu c tch ra khi tng mu.

12. To mt lp mi nm trn lp 1 Source v t tn n l 4 Color
13. Nhn Ctrl +Alt + Shift + E ng du nh nhn thy ln trn
lp mi.
14. Thay i ch ca lp 4 Color thnh Color.
15. Tt lp Background. Lp 1 Source v 2 Grayscale v m lp 3
Luminosity. Ch lp 4 Color v 3 Luminosity s xut hin.

Tt c nhng g xy ra y l s dng cc ch lp thy
m khung xem khc ca nh. Khi bn c lp khung xem cho
sng (Luminosity), bng cch s dng ch d lp, bn chp mt
bc nh chp nhanh ca sng trong mt lp composite v
sau lm tng t i mi mu xem ring cc thnh phn mi
c c lp s cho thy chng ch tng trng cho nh mt dng
khc. Cc lp Color v Luminosity mi cha ni dung tng mu v
mu c trch xut t nh gc. Bi v cc ch nhm vo mu v
tng mu mt cch ring bit, by gi bn c th iu khin cc
thnh phn mu v tng mu mt cch ring bit. y c th l mt
u im ln trong nhng tnh hung mu ph hp nhng tng mu
khng ng hoc ngc li. p dng vic hiu chnh mu vo lp
Color (v d, bn c th p dng s iu chnh Saturation tch bit
cho mu) v cc phn iu chnh tng mu Luminosity (bn c th
p dng s hiu chnh Layers m rng dy ng ca tng mu
c lp vi mu).
y bn s dng cc ch lp trch xut cc thnh phn
ring bit cho mu v tng mu. Nhng y ch mi l s bt u
ca vic tch mu v vic tch bit cc phn nh. By gi hy xem
cc ch lp c s dng c th cho vic hiu chnh.
b. Php tnh lm r nt
Cc php tnh c th c nhiu cng dng v sng to, hin th hu
ht khng r rng ngay tc th. Mt trong nhng php tnh lp tht
s hu dng u tin l to mt hiu ng to mt n unsharp th
cng. To mt n unsharp l mt tin trnh phng ti trc khi n
tng l mt b lc Photoshop hoc Elements. Nh nhip nh ra
phim trong phng ti t xen k mt m bn phim m ca nh vi
bn gc ci thin tng phn nhm phi sng cc mp nh.
Vng m nhm vo cc mp nh v kt qu sau khi p dng l mt
din mo sc nt hn cho nh. N l mt n c s dng to
hiu ng unsharp.
Vic p dng mt n unsharp da trn lp sau y hi khc nhng
n l mt la chn k thut s quan trng da vo cng mt khi
nim. Bn s vay mn mt cht nhng g bn hc trong bi tp
va ri tch bit cc phn hiu ng chnh tng mu.
1. M mt nh c lm phng (flatte) m bn mun p dng mt
n unsharp hoc m nh v lm phng n.

2. Nhn i lp Background v t tn cho lp mi l 1 unsharp
Mask.
3. Nhn i lp 1 Unsharp Mask v t tn cho lp mi l 2 Color.
Thay i ch ca lp 2 Color thnh Color. Vo lc ny, cc lp
Background, 1 unsharp Mask v 2 Color u c cng ni dung.
Vai tr ca hai lp c nhn i trong nh thay i ng k vi s
thay i ch ca chng. Vic thay i ch ca lp Color lm
cho lp Color tr thnh mt kha mu: V tr u ngn xp lp
vi thng tin mu gc cho php tng mu thay i bn di m
khng thay i mu gc. Mc d mt s tch bit mu tht s
khg c hon thnh, nhng vic thay i ch tch bit ni
dung v hiu ng mt cch hiu qu.
4. Kch hot lp 1 Unsharp Mask bng cch nhp vo thumbnail
ca n trong Palette layers. Thay i Mode thnh Overlay, Opacity
thnh 50% v sau Inverrt (nhn Ctrl + I). Lp ny c dng
lm m bn m.

5. Lm m lp Unsharp Mask bng cch s dng Gaussian Blur.

Kch c ca vng m s ph thuc vo phn gii ca nh v
lng chi tit th vng m cng t; phn gii cng cao, vng m
cng ln. Bt u vi 15 pixel cho mt nh 3x5 vi phn gii
300 dpi; s dng nhiu pixel hn trong radius (bn knh) cho cc
nh ln hn. Bn c th xem cc thay i khi di chuyn thanh trt.

Kt qu ca nhng bc ny l mt mt n tinh vi dc vo ni
dung ca nh.

N khng phi l mt mt n theo ngha truyn thng l bn
khng to mt vng chn nhn thy c bng cc cng c chn,
tuy nhin k thut lm m hoc ch (Overlay) lm cho ni dung
t to mt n nhm vo hiu ng. y l mt kt qu phc tp
hn nhng g bn t c vi hp 2 Color, nhng iu cng
c th c xem l mt mt n.
Kt qu lp Unsharp Mask m bn to lm vic ging nh m
bn c kp vo gia trong tin trnh phng ti (darkroom) hu
nh theo cch tri ngc vi b lc Unsharp mask: Gim tng
phn trong cc tng mu (quartetones) ly cc chi tit t
nhng vng ti v vng sng Unsharp Mask khin cho cc vng ti
tr nn ti hn v cc vng sng tr nn sng hn, khi dn n vic
lm mt chi tit (ngn chn cc vng nh). Bi v hiu ng ca th
tc unsharpening th cng ny dng nh tri ngc vi b lc
Unsharp Mask, hiu ng Unsharp th cng v hiu ng b lc
Unsharp Mask c th c s dng vi nhau. Bi v bn c th s
dng chng cng nhau, bn c th tng cng ng k nhng
thay i tng phn nh v p dng vic lm r nt nhiu hn
nhng g c th t c bng ring b lc Unsharp Mask.
Thm mt u im i vi phin bn lm r nt th cng l do bn
cht ca ch overlay, kt qu s khng c khuynh hng thi tt
(di chuyn cc vng sng ca nh sang: RGB: 0, 0, 0) hoc ngn
cn (di chuyn cc vng ti ca nh sang RGB: v mu ti cc thi
cc (trng tuyt i, en tuyt i) v im gia (50% xm) t c
kh nng thay i hn quartertones (75% v 25% xm). iu ny
c th ngn bn lm h hi chi tit trong nh v s khng gy ra
kiu qung sng m bn c th c c vi b lc Photoshop.








Bi 6 Vng chn trn nh
1. Xc nh ni lm vic vi cc vng chn
Bn c th thc hin vic sn li chnh cn phng ng ca bn
tit kim tin v l thi im sn cc ca s. By gi, bn
c th khng mun sn trn lp knh, phi khng? Bn ch mun
sn trn khung knh trt, v nhng vt nm gia cc knh ca s,
phi khng? C mt s cc bn c th trnh sn trn lp knh. Bn
c th s dng mt chic c nh v sn rt cn thn. Bn c th
dng mt chic c ln hn, sn nhanh hn, v lm sch lp sn di
tha trn knh sau . Bn c th s dng mt bng mt n, bo v
lp knh, v sn theo chiu dc nh mun khi ly bng ra, lp
knh khng b dnh sn.
Tht khng th tin c, nhng cng vic trn li c nhng im
tng t vi cc chn la m bn c trong Photoshop khi bn cn
lm vic ch vi mt phn ca nh. Bn c th phng to v s dng
cc cng c, r con tr qua ch cc pixel m bn mun thay i
(ging vi vic s dng mt chic c sn nh). Bn c th s dng
c tnh History Brush phc hi cc phn ca nh theo hin trng
thay i trc. Bn c th tch bit vng ca nh m bn mun thay
i vi mt vng chn.
Trong bi ny, bn tm hiu v vic chun b thc hin cc thay i
vi cc nh ca bn hn l tht s thc hin cc thay i . Bn c
th c lp cc nhm pixel trong nh theo cc cch khc nhau. V d,
bn c th chn cc pixel nm trong cng phn ca nh (bt k
mu), hay bn c th chn cc pixel c cng mu (bt k v tr trong
nh). y l im mnh: Kh nng ch cho Photoshop chnh xc
cc pixel m bn mun thay i. Sau khi to vng chn, bn c th
thao tc cc pixel theo cc cch khc nhau - mi th t vic to mu
v cc iu chnh tng mu n lm vic vi cc b lc sng to ca
Photoshop nhm sao chp chng mt cch n gin, v th bn c
th dn chng vo trong nh khc.
u tin, bn thc hin vic qun bng trn lp knh bng cch
to cc vng chn v sau s dng cc mt n - cc knh thc s
lu t thng tin vng chn. Sau , c v cch hot ng vi cc
lp iu chnh (adjusment layere), chng l cc lp c bit gip
bn p dng cc phn iu chnh tng mu v mu xc thc m
khng lm thay i bt k pixel no trong nh. Mt lp iu chnh
cho php bn gii hn vic thay i vi mt lp hay mt lp trong
nh.
2. Mt vng chn trn nh
Khi bn to mt vng chn trong nh, n gin bn ang c lp mt
s cc pixel, chn chng bn c th thc hin mt iu vi
chng m khng lm nh hng ti tt c pixel khc trong nh.
Photoshop ch cho bn phn no ca nh nm trong vng chn bng
mt ng gch chm le sng.
V d, mt phn ca nh dng nh p, nhng mt phn khc ca
nh dng nh khng p.

Bng vic to mt vng chn v p dng mt iu chnh, bn c th
lm cho nh ny c v p hn. Tt nhin, bn c th chn to
mt vng chn khc v p dng mt iu chnh khc:

Cc phn iu chnh sng ti m chng ta cp cc bi
trc thng c p dng vi mt nh nh l mt nh tng th.
Tuy vy, bn th p dng chng vi cc vng c bit ca mt
nh. Nhiu tc v bn thc hin trong Photoshop khng mang tnh
tng qut, nhng tt hn l c thc hin ch vi cc vng gii
hn ca nh. Bn s dng cc vng chn thc hin vi phn hn
ch .
Bn cng c th s dng cc vng chn vi cc cng vic khc
nhau trong Photoshop. Mt trong tc v thng dng nht l sao
chp t mt nh v dn n vo trong nh khc. Bn c th thy mt
v d hnh di y.

Ch ca mt nh ( pha tri bn trn) c chn. (Bn c th
thy cn cnh ca vng chn pha phi. Lnh menu Edit. Copy
sao chp cc pixel chn vo b nh ca my tnh (Clipboard). Sau
bn c th chuyn i sang nh khc v s dng lnh Edit | Paste
th cc pixel vo trong mt nh th hai (pha tri bn di).
iu chnh sng, kch c v v tr. C l b xung mt s bng
bng c Brush.
Bt k pixel no trong nh cng c th c chn, khng c
chn, hay c chn mt phn. V d, nu bn c mt vng chn v
t n vi mu , cc pixel chn chuyn sang , cc pixel khng
c chn khng thay i, v cc pixel c chn mt phn c mt
vt . m ca vt mu ph thuc vo cp ca vng chn.
(Ni chung, Photoshop s dng grayscale 8 bit cho vng chn, v
th c 256 cp khc nhau ca vng c chn).
3. Feathering v Anti-aliasing
Bn cn nh mt vi thut ng rt quan trng khi bn tm hiu v
cc cng c khc nhau v cc lnh m bn thc hin vi cc vng
chn. C hai Feathering v Anti-aliasing u lm cho cc mp ca
vng chn mm mi hn bng vic dng cc pixel trong sut tng
phn hay cc pixel mu khc. iu gip ho trn bt k iu g
bn ang thc hin vi vng chn vo trong phn cn li ca nh.
ng qun tt c cc pixel trong nh l nhng vung c canh
thng hng, vi cc hng v cc ct theo th t r rng. Khi bn to
mt ng cong hay ng cho trong tc phm ca bn, cc gc
ca cc pixel ph ra. Feathering v Anti-aliasing s gip che y
cc gc ny. Bn cng c th s dng feathering to cc vng
chn mm mi hn, ln hn vi mt cnh m nht. v s dng
feathering to mt vng chn nht, mm mi.

Lun c feathering c hai pha ca bin vng chn. V ng p
dng cng nhc s m bn nhp trong trng feather trn thanh
Options ch l nhng dn chung, khng phi mt gi tr chnh
xc. Mt feather 15 pixel cho cng c Flliptical Marquee c th
cung cp cho bn 50 hay 60 pixel trong sut tng phn, mt na
mi pha ca bin vng chn. Ngay c mt feather 1 pixel cng
cung cp cho bn mt vng chn vi mt pixel mm mi pha.
Anti-aliasing th tng t vi feathering ch n dng lm mm
cc cnh: n c thit k n cc gc ca cc pixel dc theo cc
ng cong v cc ng cho. Bn s dng anti-aliasing vi type.
Bn s thng thy rng anti-aliasing l tt c nhng g bn cn
gi cho cc mp ca cc vng chn p; feathering khng c yu
cu. Anti-aliasing l mt tu chn yes/aliasing, c anti-aliasing, v
c feather 1 pixel.

Vi vic thu phng 10% (v pha tri bn trn), ng u tin
dng nh li lm dc theo cc mp. ng bn di dng nh
mm mi, v khng c tiu im. V ng gia th sao? Khi
c phng n 600%, bn c th thc s thy chng c rng ca
v mm mi. vng gia, bn thy anti-aliasing s dng cc pixel
xm nht v cc pixel c xm u c t xen nhau dc theo
cnh gia cc pixel en. Vi vic thu phng 100% ( pha tri bn
trn), mt bn s ch nhn thy mt cnh en thng.
Ni chung, s dng anti-aliasing ch vi mi vng chn (ngoi tr
hnh ch nht hay hnh vung), v s dng feathering khi bn mun
thc s lm mm cc cnh to mt hiu ng c bit.
4. To cc vng chn vi cc cng c
Photoshop cung cp cho bn tm cng c vi mc ch chnh l
gip bn to cc vng chn. Bn cng s dng cc cng c ny
thay th cc vng chn bng cch thm vo, loi bt ra, v ct vi
mt vng chn hin c. Tm cng c chn c phn chia thnh ba
nhm:
- Bn cng c Marquee
- Ba cng c lasso
- Mt cng c Magic Wand
a. Cc cng c chn marquee
Bn c bn cng c chn marquee mc d bn s s dng ch hai
cng c trong s chng. Hnh di y minh ha cc cng c chn
marquee, cng vi cu hnh thanh Options ca mi cng c.


Bn r cc cng c Rectangular Marquee v Elliptical Marquee rt
hu ch to cc vng chn. Nhp v r theo bt k hng no
to vng chn ca bn. Sau khi bn bt u r, nhn gi phm Shift
(trong khi vn cn r) p buc cc t l. Khi bn p buc cc t l
ca mt vng chn, bn to mt hnh vung hay hnh trn hn l
mt hnh ch nht hay mt lip. Nu bn bt u r mt vng chn
v nhn phm Alt, vng chn t canh gi ngay trn im bn nhp.
Cc phm Shift v Alt c th c dng cng lc. Nhn gi phm
Shift trc khi bn nhp v r cc phn b xung ca vng chn vo
bt k vng chn hin c no. Nhn gi phm Alt trc khi r cc
phn loi b khi vng chn mi t bt k vng chn hin c no.
Cc cng c Single Row Marquee v Single Column Marquee c
nhp mt cch n gin ti im ni bn mun mt vng chn 1
pixel, chy t cnh sang cnh (side to side) hay t nh xung
y (top-to-bottom). Cc cng c ny to cc vng chn m rng
vi chiu rng y hay chiu cao y ca nh. Bn c th s
dng cc cng c ny to mt vng chn ging nh li m bn
c th t mu. Hay bn c th khng bao gi s dng chng.
Hy lt qua cc thanh Options hnh trn, bn nt pha tri ca
thanh Options m bn c th s dng vi bt k cc cng c no,
xc nh cc cng c h tng vi mt vng chn hin c.
- New Selection: Khi bn chn nt u tin, bt k vng chn no
bn thc hin s thay th mt vng chn hot ng (hu chn bt
k vng chn trc). Vi mt cng c chn, nu bn nhp bn
trong mt vng chn hot ng khi tu chn u tin kch hot, bn
c th r vng chn trong nh ca bn m khng di chuyn bt
k pixel no. (Khi bn cha thc s to mt vng chn, cc cng c
ny lun lun thc hin mt vng chn mi, bt k nt no c
kch hot).
- Add To: Khi bn c mt vng chn hot ng v cn b xung vo
vng chn , s dng nt th hai (hay n gin l nhn gi phm
Shift trong khi ang r).

- Subtract From: Khi bn c mt vng chn v cn hu chn ch
mt phn ca n, s dng nt th ba. V d, bn to mt vng chn
trn v mun ct phn gia to mt dng donut. Nhp vo nt
th ba, v sau r trong vng chn gc hu chn l donut.

- Intersect With: Bn c mt vng chn, nhng bn mun gi ch
mt phn ca vng chn. Bn c th xc lp cng c chn ca bn
loi b t vng chn hin c, hay bn c th giao vi vng chn
ban u v hu chn mt s cc vng ng thi.
Hnh di minh ha cch bn nt hot ng. pha tri, bn nhn
thy tu chn c chn cho cng c vng chn marquee hot
ng. K tip l mt vng chn ban u. ct th ba, bn nhn
thy vng chn khc ang c to (vi cng c vng chn c r
t phi bn di sang tri bn trn). Sau cng, pha phi, bn nhn
thy kt qu ca s kt hp c hai vng chn.
b. Cc cng c chn lasso
Bn c ba cng c chn Lasso c sn trong Photoshop CS6. Trn
thanh Options, c ba cng c chn lasso cung cp cho bn cng cc
c tnh c bn m bn thy trong cc cng c vng chn marquee,
nh hnh di y.


Bn c th thm vo, loi b bt, hay giao vi mt vng chn hin
c. Bn cng c cc tu chn feathering v anti-aliasing c sn.
Cc vng chn iu khin
Quan st trong menu x xung Style trn thanh Options c hai tu
chn ng lu : Fixef Aspect Ratio v Fixed Size. S dng tu
chn Fixef Aspect Ratio vi cng c Rectangular Marquee hay
cng c Elliptical Marquee thc y vng chn vi mi lin h
chiu cao v chiu rng m bn xc nh trong thanh Options. iu
ny tuyt vi cho vic to mt nh m bn cn vi mt kch c c
bit, va kht trong mt khung nh chun. Cng c chn s khng
nh li kch c nh cho bn, nhng bn c th to vng chn v s
dng lnh Image | Crop, sau s dng lnh Image | Image size
nh li kch c vi cc kch thc v phn gii yu cu.

Tu chn Fixed Size thay i hot ng ca cng c. Sau khi bn
nhp chiu rng v chiu cao chnh xc trong thanh Options, nh v
tr con tr gc tri bntn ca vng m bn mun chn v nhp
mt ln vng chn c to pha phi bn di ca im. ng
lo v chnh xc bi v bn c th r marquee chn vo ng v tr
sau . Hy lt qua nt nm gia cc trng Width v Height
trn thanh Options. Khi bn ang s dng style Fixed AspectRatio
hoc Fixed size, nhp nt hon chuyn cc gi tr hai
trng.
Cc cng c lasso khc vi mt cng c marquee nh th no? Hy
c tm hiu.
- Cng c Lasso: Cng c lasso l mt cng c freeform (dng t
do); vi cng c ny bn nhp v r n n bt c ni no bn
mun to vng chn. Bn c th r quanh v quay tr v im khi
u hoc bn c th nh nt chut bt k ni u, v vng chn ca
bn kt thc cng vi mt ng thng t im n v tr ni
bn khi u vng chn ca bn. Nu bn nhn gi phm Alt trong
khi r, bn s chuyn i tm thi sau cng c Polygon Lasso.
- Cng c Polygon Lasso: Thay v, bn nhp - nhp v nhp to
cc on vng chn thng, ti bt k gc no vi bt k khong
cch no. Khi bn nh v tr con tr thng vi im khi u ca
bn, mt ng trn nh xut hin v pha phi bn di ca con
tr xc nh rng bn tr v v tr khi u. Hay n gin nhp
p kt thc vng chn. Nu bn nhp v gi phm Alt trong khi
r, tm thi bn s chuyn i n cng c Lasso thng thng, n
cho php r vng chn theo bt k cch no m bn mun. Vic s
dng phm Alt cho php bn chuyn i ti lui gia vic r theo
dng t do ca cng c Lasso v cc bin vng chn thng ca cng
c Polygon Lasso.
- Cng c Magnetic Lasso: Khi bn cn chn quanh mt ch th
c s tng phn tt vi nn ca n, cng c Magnetic Lasso c th
thc hin mt cng c tuyt vi. ng vin hon ho cho cng c
ny l mt i tng n gin trn mt nn rt phng. Tuy vy, bn
c th s dng n ch vi bt k nh no ni cc cnh ca vng m
bn mun chn khc bit ng k vi phn cn li ca nh. Nhp v
r cng c dc theo mp ca ch th. Nu cng c b st mp, sao
lu v r dc theo mp ln na. Nu mp to mt s thay i bt
cht theo hng, nhp nt chut thm mt im neo. Nu cng
c t mt im neo khng ng ch, sao lu v sau nhn
Delete/Backspace loi b im.
Cng c Magnetic Lasso hot ng bng cch nhn dng s khc
nhau v mu dc theo cc mp, s dng tt c cc knh mu c sn.
T thanh Options, s dng trng Width gip cng c nhn ra
rng ca mt vng m n c th tm thy mt mp. Trng Edge
Contrast cho cng c bit mp phi khc bit nh th no trong khi
tm kim. S dng trng Frequency chn s cc im neo m
cng c xc lp trong khi b tr vng chn.
c. Cng c Magic Wand
Cng c Magic Wand chn cc pixel tng t v mu vi pixel m
bn nhp vi cng c.

Ging vi cc lnh vng chn khc, bn c th thm vo loi b
bt, hay giao vi vng chn hin c, v bn c th chn anti-
aliasing. hnh nh pha di, bn c th thy ba tu chn b xung,
duy nht gi cc cng c chn. Tolerance xc nh cc pixel bao
quanh phi tng hp nh th no vi mu ch c a vo
trong vng chn. Khi bn chn hp kim Contiguous, ch cc pixel
c ni kt vi v tr m bn nhp theo cc pixel cng mu l c
chn. Tu chn Sample All Layers cho php bn to mt vng chn
c cc pixel mu tng t trn mi lp hin th trong nh khng
phi ch lp hot ng hin hnh.

- hnh nh trn, bn c th thy kt qu ca vic nhp cng v tr,
s dng bn xc lp Tolerance khc nhau. pha tri bn trn,
Magic Wand c xc lp vi dung sai (Tolerance): 10, pha phi
bn trn, Tolerance: 20, pha tri bn di, Tolerance: 50, v
pha phi bn di, Tolerance: 100. Bn c th thy rng dung sai
cng cao, dy ca mu c chn cng rng. Khi bn s dng mt
xc lp Tolerance thp, bn chn ch vi cc pixel trong nh rt
tng t vi pixel m bn nhp. Mt xc lp Tolerance caocung cp
cho bn mt dy mu rng hn, n c th hay khng th ph hp
vi vng chn m bn ang to.
5. Cc lnh chn
Bn c khong hn mi lnh menu khi chn cc pixel trong tc
phm ca mnh. Mt s lnh nm gn pha trn ca menu Select
kh n gin v c t tn ng. Hnh di minh ha mt danh
sch v cc lnh Select.

a. Cc lnh chn ch yu
Cc lnh gn pha trn ca menu Select l cc c tnh m bn c
th thng s dng. (C l khng phi l lnh Reselect). Vic ghi
nh cc phm tt bn phm ca chng s gip bn tit kim rt nhiu
thi gian.
- Select All (Ctrl+A): Select All thc hin chnh xc nhng g
tn ny m ch n n to mt vng chn ca tt c cc pixel
trong nh ca bn trn lp hot ng (hay trong mt n lp hot
ng)
- Deselect (Ctrl+D): S dng lnh Deselect m bo rng khng
c cc pixel no c chn. y l mt lnh tin li khi mt b lc
hay lnh iu chnh khng hot ng.
- Reselect (Ctrl+Shift+D): y l mt lnh kh hay cho nhng lc
bn ang to mt vng chn kh phc tp, v v hu chn. Ch s
dng Reselect phc hi vng chn gn y nht.
- Inverse (Ctrl+Shift+I): Lnh Inverse o ngc vng chn,
ngha l phn c chn s b hu chn, v ci g khng c
chn tr nn c chn. (ng qun s dng phm Shift khng
c n, bn o ngc cc mu trong nh ca bn hn l vng
chn!)
Phn k tip ca menu Select cha ba lnh (All Layers, Deselect
Layers, v Similar Layers) khng dng cc pixel nhng li dng ci
cc lp trong nh ca bn. S dng cc lnh ny vi cc nh nhiu
lp.
b. Lnh Color Range
Trong nhm kh nh, ngay chnh gia ca menu Select, l lnh
Color Range. Kim tra cc bng hoa mu cam t hnh trc. Thay
v nhn Shift+ nhp vi Magic Wand, bn c th chn mu cam
nhanh chng v d dng vi lnh Color Range.

hnh trn, bn nhp v r qua mt s vng cam trong nh vi
cng c Eyedropper gia. (Bn cng c th nhp mt ln vi
Eyedropper bn tri v s dng cc Eyedropper khc thm v
loi b cc mu t vng chn). Thanh trt Fuzziness gn pha trn
xc nh mt mu phi gn ging nh th no m bn r a
vo trong vng chn.
y l mt vi cch m bn c th c c mt din mo tt hn ti
vng chn khi to n. hnh di y, bn thy cc tu chn (c
sn t menu Selection Preview).

Grayscale ( pha tri bn trn) v Black Matte ( pha phi bn
trn) thc hin mt cng vic tt biu th rng nn s c chn
tng phn nu bn nhp OK. (Gim xc lp Fuzziness hay s dng
Eyedropper pha phi nhp vo trong cc vng ca hng ro
m l ra chng khng c chn). White Matte ( pha tri bn
di) thc hin mt cng vic tuyt vi biu th rng u ca
mt s l bn di cc hoa cng s c chn (B qua iu v
Alt+r vi cng c Lasso sau hu chn vng). Do bi mu
ti ca nh ny, khung xem trc Quick Mask (pha phi bn
di) hu nh khng c tc dng cho nh ny (mc d n thng
tt vi cc nh khc khng c cc mu v cam.

Menu pop-up pha trn ca hp thoi Color Range cho php bn
chn gia cc mu RGB (red/green/blue-/xanh l cy/xanh da
tri) v CMY (cyan/magenta/yellow mu lc lam/ thm/vng),
cng nh cc im mu khng thuc gam mu trong nh (cc mu
khng th c ti to trong khng gian mu c chn). Khi bn
chn mt trong cc xc lp trc t menu trn, thanh trt
Fuzziness khng c sn, gii hn gi tr ca c tnh.
c. Cc lnh chnh sa vng chn
Nhm k tip ca cc lnh trong menu Select tht s cha nm lnh
tch bit (Feather v bn lnh Modify), mi lnh vi hp thoi mt
trng.

- Feather: Feathering, y l tu chn m chng ta cp u
bi ny, dng lm mm cc cnh ca mt vng chn. Thng
thng khi ct v dn mt vng chn hay di chuyn mt vng chn
trong mt nh, bn mun Feather 1 pixel hay 2 pixel. Feather c th
c dng vi bt k vng chn no ngoi tr khi bn s dng lnh
Select All.
- Border: Nm su bn trong menu con Modify, lnh Border to
mt vng chn vi chiu rng bn chn. hnh trn, bn thy
vng chn gc (tri), ng bin 4 pixel (tm), v ng bin c
t vi en (phi). Bin th c sn vi tt c vng chn (bao gm
Select), nhng khi ton th canvas c chn, bn ch thy ng
bin bn trong ca vng chn gc m thi.

- Smooth: iu ny c th xy ra khi bn nhp vi cng c Magic
Wand to mt vng chn, bn thy tt c cc loi ca cc vng 1
hoc 2 pixel nh trong vng chn cha c chn. C l cc vng
chn vi vi pixel ch hi nm ngoi dy Tolerance cho cng c .
ng lo! S dng lnh Smooth v mt bn knh 1 hay 2 pixel
chp ly cc vng chn c pixel cha c chn. Smooth cng c
th xo b cc mp rng ca dc theo bn ngoi ca vng chn.

- Expand: Lnh Expand di chuyn bin vng chn ra hng ngoi
vi mt s cc pixel xc nh. Hy cn thn, nu vng chn ban
u ca bn bao gm cc gc nhn hay cc im bi vic s dng
Expand s cho trn chng. (Trong Palette Paths, chuyn i vng
chn ca bn mt ng dn, nh t l ng dn, chuyn i
ng dn tr li mt vng chn).


- Contract: Lnh Contract thu nh vng chn ca bn theo lng
xc nh.

Nu bn to theo cch ring ca bn xung menu Select, bn s gp
cc lnh Grow v Similar, chng hi ging nh cng c Magic
Wand vi Contiguons (Grow) v khng c Contiguous (Similar)
chn trn thanh Options. Thc t chng s dng xc lp Tolerance
ca cng c magic Wand. Grow b xung vo vng chn ca bn bt
k pixel nm k no vi mu ph hp, v Similar dng nh i qua
ton b nh tm cc pixel c mu tng t. S dng Grow v
Similar khi vng chn ban u hu nh ch cha mt mu duy nht.
Vic s dng cc lnh ny vi mt vng chn c nhiu mu khc
nhau thng dn n phn ln nh c chn
d. Bin i hnh dng ca cc vng chn
Khi lm vic vi cc vng chn, bn c thy c nhng lc vng
chn khng tng hp theo nhu cu ca bn. V d, cng c
Elliptical Marquee c th to cc vng chn hnh oval, nhng cc
vng chn hnh oval ny li thng ng hoc nm ngang. Bn phi
lm g nu bn cn mt vng chn hnh oval ti mt gc, nh l
nhng g bn nhn thy hnh di y.

l lnh Select Transform thc thi. To vng chn ban u ca
bn, chn lnh Transform Selection, sau vng chn cho ph hp
vi nhu cu ca bn.

hnh trn, bn thy vng chn khng ch b quay m cn b
nghing v hi b bin dng. Bn c th thao tc mt vng chn
bng bt k cch no bn thy hi lng vi lnh Transform
Selection. Hnh di y minh ha cc dng bin i khc nhau.

Di y l nhng iu bn thy nh trn:
- pha tri bn trn (Top left): y l vng chn ban u.
- gia bn trn (Top center): Nhp mt im neo trn bt k
cnh no ca hp bin v r thay i chiu cao hay chiu rng
ca vng chn.
- pha phi bn trn (top right): nh v tr con tr bn ngoi
hp bin v r quay.
- bn tri chnh gia (Middle left): R bt k im neo gc no
thao tc chiu rng v chiu cao ca vng chn ng thi.
- tm gia (Middle center): Nhn gi phm Shift trong khi r
mt im neo gc trnh bin dng vng chn trong khi thay i
kch c.
- pha phi gia (Middle right): Nhn gi phm Alt trong khi r
mt im neo gc, v bn kt thc vic nh t l nh da trn du
thp tm ca hp bin. (Bn c th r tr ch thp bt k ni u,
ngay c bn ngoi hp bin, thay i im bin i). Bn c th
s dng phm Shift vi Alt.
- tri bn di (bottom left): Nhn gi phm Ctrl v r bt k
im neo cnh lm nghing.
- gia bn di (Bottom right): Nu bn nhn Ctrl+r hai hoc
bn im neo gc, bn c th thm php phi cnh vo vng chn.
V d, bn c th t vng chn bin i ny vi mu, di chuyn
vng chn, gim t l, hoc t li.
e. Cc lnh chn lin quan n mt n
cui menu Select, bn thy hai lnh m bn s dng lu tr
cc vng chn ca bn dng sau ny v dng li chng. Khi
bn lu mt vng chn, bn to mt knh alpha trong nh. Knh
alpha (alpha channel), ging nh mt knh mu, l mt dng biu
din grayscale ca nh. Cc vng trng trong knh alpha biu th
cc vng c chn khi knh c ti nh l mt vng chn. Cc
vng chn en trong knh biu th l cc vng cha c chn.
Xm biu th feathering v cc pixel c chn tng phn khc.
6. Cc mt n
Trong Photoshop, mt mt n (mask) l mt knh (trong Palette
Channels) lu tr thng tin v mt vng chn hay v s hin th
lp. (Khi bn ni v vng chn c lu nh l cc mt n, bn
c th m ch n chng nh l cc knh alpha). Bt k lc no bn
to mt vng chn phc tp, hy ngh n vic lu tr n nh l
mt knh alpha c chnh xc khng? iu ph thuc vo lng
thi gian bn c. Nu vic khin bn mt khong mt hay hai
pht lm bt k iu g trong Photoshop, bn nn tit kim.
a. Lu v ti cc vng chn
To mt knh alpha t mt vng chn th n gin nh vic s
dng lnh Select | Save | Selection v chn mt tn cho knh mi.
Nu bn c nhiu ti liu cng cc kch thc pixel m trong
Photoshop, bn c th chn bt k cc ti liu c sn no cho knh
mi.

Nu bn thc s lu mt vng chn nh mt knh alpha, bn c
th chn c hai vng chn h tng trong mt knh duy nht.
Nh hnh di y, cc chn la Operation song song vi cc
chn la m bn thy trn thanh Options khi lm vic vi cc cng
c chn.

Bn c th thay th knh chn, thm vo knh hin c, loi b t
knh hin c, hay giao nhau vi knh hin c.
Khi bn cn lm vic vi mt vng chn lu, chn Select | Load
| Selection hay n gin nhn Ctrl+nhp thumbnail ca knh alpha
trong Palette Channels - hoc kch hot vng chn.
Hp thoi Load Selection cung cp cng cc c tnh ch yu m
bn thy cho Save/Selection. Khi ti mt vng chn, bn c th
thm vo, loi b khi, hay giao vi mt vng chn hot ng. Bn
cng c th o ngc mt vng chn khi ti bng cch chn hp
kim invert. S dng hp kim to cng kt qu nh vic ti
vng chn v chn Select | Invert, nhng n nhanh hn v d dng
hn.

b. Hiu chnh mt knh alpha
Cc knh alpha, ging nh cc knh mu, l cc dng biu din
grayscale. Bn c th hiu chnh chng ging nh bn s lm vi
bt k nh grayscale no. Nhp vo knh trong Palette Channels
lm n kch hot v hin th. Bn thy n trong ca s nh nh l
mt dng biu din grayscale (hay en v trng) ca vng chn
lu. Nu bn mun xem nh trong khi bn lm vic trn knh, nhp
trong ct pha tri (ct eyeball) v pha tri ca knh RGB (hay
CMYK). Knh alpha sau xut hin nh l mt vt ph chng
pha trn nh. Hnh di y minh ha nhng g m mn hnh
dng ging vi mn hnh hin th knh alpha (tri) v cch n xut
hin khi knh alpha hot ng v sau knh RGB cng hin th.
(Phi quan st nhanh s khc nhau trong Palette Channels).

Sau y l mt s iu m bn c th mun lm vi mt knh alpha
hot ng:
- Lm m knh alpha: Lm m knh alpha (cc lnh Filter | Blur)
th ging vi feathering mt vng chn n lm mm cc mp.
Mt trong nhng s khc nhau ln l bn c th thy khung xem
trc ca vic lm m, iu ny c v tt hn l suy on c bao
nhiu feathering bn cn.
- To r nt cho knh alpha: Lm sc cc vng chn lu
(Filter | Sharpen) lm cho cc cnh sch hn v chnh xc hn.
- T trong knh alpha: T vi cng c Grush, s dng en, trng
v xm trong knh lm thay i vng chn. T vi trng thm
cc vng vo vng chn lu; t vi en loi b cc vng khi
vng chn; t vi cc bng xm chn tng phn cc vng ca
nh. Bn c th hiu chnh mt knh alpha bng c Brush rt chnh
xc, thm v loi b cc pixel nm ri rc nh to cc mp chnh
xc.
- S dng cc cp hay cc ng cong trn knh alpha: Nu
vng chn lu c feathering hoc cc vng khc ca tng phn
(cc mu xm trong knh alpha), bn c th thao tc chng vi mt
tnh nng iu chnh Levels hay Curves (t menu Image |
Adjustments). Tnh nng iu chnh Levels c bit ph hp cho
vic iu khin feathering dc theo mt mp.
- p dng mt hay nhiu b lc vo mt knh alpha: S dng
cc b lc m thut trn mt vng chn lu to cc hiu ng
c bit, nh l cc ng bin v cc khung.
c. Lm vic trong ch Quick Mask
V bn mun to mt vng chn, lu n nh l mt knh alpha, lm
cho knh alpha hot ng, nhp vo ct eyeball lm cho knh
RGB hin th v th bn c th thy nhng g bn ang thc hin,
hy t bn trong v p dg cc b lc vo knh alpha, lm cho knh
RGB kch hot, ti knh alpha nh l vng chn v thc hin iu
g c v sng to vi n.
Vi ch Quick Mask ca Photoshop, bn to mt vng chn c
bn, nhp Q trn bn phm nhp ch Quick Mask, hiu chnh
vng chn nh th n l mt mt n, sau nhn li Q. Bn khng
phi bt u vi mt vng chn! Trong ch Quick Mask, mt n
ca bn xut hin trn mn hnh nh l mt lp ph , c v ging
mt knh alpha xut hin khi knh RGB hin th. T, p dng cc
b lc hay cc phn iu chnh, hoc to cc vng chn - bt k
iu g bn c th thc hin vi mt nh grayscale, bn c th thc
hin trong ch Quick Mask.

Theo mc nh, bn t vi en trong ch Quick Mask trn cc
vng m bn khng mun c chn, t vi trng trn cc vng m
bn mun c chn, v t vi cc bng xm trn cc vng m bn
mun c chn tng phn.
Thm cc mt n vo cc lp
Khi nh ca bn c nhiu lp, bn c th n tng phn cc lp vi
cc mt n lp (layermask). Cc mt n lp v cc knh alpha c
nhiu im chung. Cc mt n lp l cc vng chn c lu nh
cc knh, bn c th sn trong mt n lp, bn c th p dng cc
b lc v tnh nng iu chnh vo mt n lp Hy nh rng mt
mt n lp xut hin trng Palette Channels ch khi bn chn lp
ca n trong Palette Layers. (trong Palette Layers, bn s thy
thumbnail mt n lp pha phi ca thumbnail layer). hiu
chnh mt m n lp, nhp thumbnail ca n trong Palette Layers,
sau hiu chnh n nh bn s thc hin vi mt knh alpha. (Nh
nhp vo thumbnail lp, sau kch hot chnh lp ).
Cch d nht thm mt mt n lp l to mt vng chn ca cc
pixel m bn mun hin th trn lp v sau nhp nt Add Layer
Mask pha di ca Palette Layes (nt th ba t pha tri). Bn
cng c th to mt vng chn v chn Layer | Layer Mask | Reveal
Selection hay Layer | Add Layer Mask | Hide Selection. Menu
cng cung cp Reveal All v Hide All cg nh cc lnh n hay
xo mt n lp. Bn cng c th p dng mt n lp n xo bt k
cc pixel n no trn lp .
Mt lp c t tn l Background trong Palette Layers khng th
c bt k vng trong sut no, v th bn khng th thm mt mt
n lp vo. Khng c vn g! n gin ch nhp p tn lp
trong Palette Layers v t li tn lp. Cng vic bin i n
thnh mt lp thng thng.
Trong Palette Layes, mt mt n lp c lin kt vi lp c
ngha l nu bn r lp, mt n s di chuyn cng vi n. Bn cng
c th hu lin kt hay lin kt li mt n v lp bng cch nhp
biu tng hoc khong cch gia cc thumbnail ca chng trong
Palette Layers.
d. To cc lp vi ng dn vector
Mt lp cng c th c to mt n vi mt ng dn vector.
Cc mt n vector c cc cnh rt chnh xc, v bn c th hiu
chnh chng nh mt ng dn vi cng c Direct Selection. Mt
lp (ngoi tr lp Background) c th va c mt mt n lp da
trn pixel thng thng va c mt mt n vector. biu th trong
tc phm ca bn, pixel trn lp phi nm trong c mt n lp v
mt n vector. Khi mt lp va c mt mt n lp va c mt mt
n vector, thumbnail mt n vector xut hin v pha phi trong
Palette Layers
7. Cc iu chnh
Nhiu lnh ca Photoshop dng iu khin tng mu v mu ca
nh. Nhiu lnh ny cng c sn l cc lp iu chnh. Mt lp iu
chnh p dng vic iu chnh nh l lnh tng ng, nhng vic
s dng mt lp iu chnh c vi u im chnh:
- Cc phn iu chnh c th iu chnh c: Bn c th m li
mt hp thoi ca lp iu chnh ti bt k thi im no thay
i cc xc lp.
- Cc phn iu chnh c th hu b: Bn c th xo mt lp iu
chnh, loi b thay i t nh ca bn.
- Cc phn iu chnh n: Nhp vo ct eyeball pha tri ca lp
iu chnh trong Palette Layers n tm thi vic thay i .
- Cc phn iu chnh c th tinh chnh c: Bn c th thay
i m v ch ho trn ca cc lp iu chnh tinh chnh
hiu ng.
- Cc phn iu chnh c th gii hn: Bn c th thm cc mt
n lp v cc mt n vetor vo cc lp iu chnh ca bn gii
hn hiu ng ca chng ch vi mt s cc pixel bn di, v sau
bn c th hiu chnh cc mt n khi cn thit.
Do bi tnh linh ng, ni chung bn s mun s dng cc lp iu
chnh hn l cc lnh iu chnh trong cc nh. Tt nhin, bn vn
cn menu Image | Adjustments cho mt s lnh khng th c
thm vo qua mt lp iu chnh.
a. Thm mt lp iu chnh
Bn c th thm mt lp iu chnh thng qua menu cui Palette
Layers (nhp nt th t t pha tri, v sau di chuyn con tr n
type ca lp iu chnh m bn mun thm vo) hay thng qua
menu con Layer | New Adjustment Layer.


Cch chn la th nh nhau. Khi bn chn phn iu chnh c bit
m. Vic chn phn iu chnh qua menu Layers hin th hp thoi
New Layer u tin. Bn c th thy tt c cc bit khc nhau v cc
phn nh trn hnh nh.

Ba tu chn u tin trong menu m bn m t Palette Layers l fill
layers cc lp c t hon ton vi mt mu, gradient, hay mu.
Bn c th thm mt lp trng mi v s dng lnh Edit | Fill
thc hin mt iu tng t hay thm mt lp qua menu Layer |
New Fill Layer.
b. Gii hn cc phn iu chnh
Hy quan st hp thoi New Layer hnh trc. Ch thao tc
bng tay vi hp kim Use Previous Layer to Create Clipping
Mask. Khi bn nh du hp kim chn tu chn, lp iu chnh
mi s b ct xn - gii hn vi mt lp ngay bn di n trong
Palette Layer. ( l lp hot ng khi bn thm mt lp iu chnh
vo). Nhn gi phm Alt trc khi chn mt phn iu chnh t bn
di ca Palette Layer thy hp thoi ny. V sau khi thm mt
lp iu chnh, bn c th xn ct vi lp bn di bng cch nhp
p Alt + nhp ng nm gia hai lp trong Palette Layer.

Hnh trn biu th s khc nhau gia mt lp iu chnh b ct xn
(tri) v mt lp iu chnh cha c ct xn (phi). Khi cha b
ct xn phn iu chnh c p dng vo tt c cc lp bn di
hn l vo mt lp nm ngang bn di.
pha tri ca hnh nh trn, phn iu chnh Hue/Saturation c
p dng ch vi lp pha trn - lp c t tn l Symbol. pha
phi, lp iu chnh khng b ct xn, v v th n thay i c lp
Symbol v lp Background. Vi cch ny, thumbnail trong Palette
Layer biu th mu ng ban u ca lp Symbol trc khi thm
lp iu chnh Hue/Saturation. S dng cc lp iu chnh lm
p nh l mt nim vui m bn c th cm nhn c.
Trong Palette Layer pha tri ca hnh nh trc, bn c th thy
biu tng cc chic nhn ci gia lp iu chnh v lp Symbol
ngay bn di. l biu tng m bn thy khi nhn Alt nhp
ct xn (hay khng ct xn) cc lp.
Bi v chng l cc lp, bn c th s dng mt mt n lp p
dng mt lp iu chnh ch vi mt phn ca lp. Bn s thy vic
to mt vng chn ca vng ni bn mun phn iu chnh thc
hin trc khi chn lp iu chnh s d dng hn - mt n s t
ng c to t vng chn .



Bi 7 - Kt hp nh vi cc lp
1. Kt hp cc phn nh vi cc lp
Bn to mt vng chn trong mt nh, sao chp, chuyn sang mt
nh khc, v dn. bn c nh ghp c bn. Kh n gin, phi
khng? D bn kt hp hai nh, hoc to mt tc phm phc tp
lin quan n hng chc thnh phn, th thut l to mt nh ghp
vi din mo t nhin. Cc k thut then cht l ho trn cc mp
ca cc vng chn v tng hp mu gia cc thnh phn.
a. Tm hiu cc lp
Khi bn kt hp cc nh, bn lm vic vi cc lp. Hy ngh cc lp
trng Photoshop nh l cc thnh phn c th xp chng c, mi
lp gi mt phn ca nh. Ni mt lp bn trn trong sut th cc
lp bn di s l ra. Ni lp bn trn c cc pixel khng trong sut
th cc pixel s to khi hoc h tng vi cc pixel lp bn
di. (Bn iu khin s h tng vi cc ch ho trn v m
c).

Hy quan st hnh nh trn Palette Layers hin th cc lp ring bit
v ni dung ca chng. Cc thnh phn ring bit hp li to mt
nh n.
Bn c th thao tc ni dung ca mt lp ring bit di chuyn,
nh li kch c, xo, t, hay iu chnh mu v tng mu - ph
hp vi cc nhu cu ca bn v tnh m thut. Bn c th lin kt
hai hay nhiu lp chng duy tr cc v tr ca chng trong mi
tng quan vi nhau khi bn di chuyn chng. (Shift-nhp chn
cc lp; sau nhp nt Link bn di ca Palette Layers - mt
k hiu Link xut hin pha phi ca cc lp lin kt khi kch
hot trong Palette Layers). V d, bn c th c mt lp type m
bn mun vn cn c canh gi trong mt hnh ch nht. Lin kt
hai, v bn c th di chuyn hnh ch nht v type cng nhau m
khng lm chng chnh ra khi nhau.
Ct bn tri trong Palette Layers, c gi l ct eyeball (eyeball
column) cho php bn n mt lp, lm cho ni dung ca lp khng
hin th. Cc pixel vn cn ; chng vn cha hin th. Nhp vo
biu tng eyeball n lp v sau nhp vo vng trng ct
bn tri lm cho lp hin th li. Bn cng c th n v hin th
cc lp iu chnh, n cho php bn thy s tc ng ca chng trn
nh.
Mt khi nim chnh v cc lp c minh ha tt hnh trn. Mt
lp cng cao hn th t ngn xp (th t ca cc lp trong Palette
t trn xung), n s cng ph ra trc nhiu hn.
Bn cng c th to cc nhm, chng l hai hay nhiu lp c gi
cng nhau trong Palette Layers bn c th lm vic vi chng.
( cc phin bn trc ca Photoshop, bn c cc xc lp lp. Ni
chung, cc nhm tng ng vi cc tp hp lp c v hnh dng
v chc nng). Nh bn thy trong Palette Layers hnh nh trn,
bn c th c cc nhm xp lng: mt nhm bn trong mt
nhm.
b. S dng cc ch ho trn c bn
Menu pop-up gc tri bn trn ca Palette Layers cung cp gn
hai chc ch ho trn khc. Mt ch ho trn ca lp xc
nh cc cch pixel trn lp tng h vi cc pixel hin th trn
cc lp bn di.

Bi v mt lp t tn Background khng th c lp bt k bn
di n bn khng th thay i ch ho trn ca cc lp nn.
Chuyn i mt lp nn thnh mt lp thng thng bng vic thay
i tn ca lp trong Palette Layers ch cn nhp p vo mt tn
lp trong Palette Layers v g nhp t li tn lp.
hnh nh di, cc gradient en - trng v cu vng (rainbow) s
dng ch ho trn c biu th bi khung vin text (bn c th
thy cc gradient gc trong Normap stripe). Normal, Multiply,
Screen, Overlay, v Luminosity l cc ch quan trng m bn c
th s dng thng xuyn.

Khi lm vic vi cc ch ho trn lp, lun lun nh rng bn c
th s dng cc thanh trt Opacity v Fill ca lp xc nh din
mo v s hin th ca lp.
Menu pop-up vi ch ho trn ca Palette Layers c phn chia
thnh su phn, da trn c s kh ri rc v cch cc pixel lp
bn trn tc ng n cc pixel lp bn di. y l mt phn
quan st nhanh v cch bn s dng cc ch ho trn lp chnh:
- Normal: Photoshop chn Normal theo mc nh. Cc pixel lp
bn trn hon ton n cc pixel cc lp bn di (tt nhin ch th
vi cc xc lp Opacity v Fill). S dng Normal hin th ni
dung ca lp m khng c bt k s h tng no vi cc lp bn
di.
- Multiply: Ch ho trn Multiply lm m ni lp bn trn ca
s ti v b qua trng. S dng Multiply khi bn mun lp bn trn
c lm m nhng khng lm m lp bn di v cng cho cc
bng v cc hiu ng m.
- Screen: Ch ho trn Screen tri ngc vi ch ho trn
Multiply - s dng cc pixel nht hn lm nht cc pixel bn
di. S dng n cho cc im sng v cc hiu ng nht.
- Overlay: Overlay lm vic nh s kt hp ca Multiply v Sceen.
S dng n khi bn ang lm vic vi mt lp bn trn cha cc
pixel va m va nht m bn mun h tng vi cc pixel cc
lp bn di.
- Soft Light: Soft Light l mt ch ho trn tinh vi. Cng ging
nh Overlay, ni cc pixel ca lp bn trn m, cc lp bn di
c lm m; ni chng sng, lp bn di c lm sng. Soft
Light cng ging nh vic b xung mt vng sng lan truyn n
lp bn di - hu dng cho vic thm mt t sc thi vo lp bn
di.
- Hard Light: Ch ho trn Hard Light gn ging nh mt
phin bn ni bt hn ca Soft Light. S dng n thm nhiu sc
thi hn vo lp bn di. hard Light lm vic tt vi cc mu m
khng c sng qu mnh.

- Diference: Ni lp bn trn (s dng ch ha trn Difference)
v lp bn di hon ton ging nh nhau, bn s thy mu en.
Ni hai lp khc nhau, bn thy s chi sng hoc mu. V d, s
dng Difference (tm thi) khi c canh thng hng hai bc nh ph
chng nhau. Xc lp nh bn trn vi ch ho trn Difference, di
chuyn lp bn trn n khi cc vng ca lp ph chng hin th
en, v sau chuyn i sang ch ho trn ca lp bn trn tr
li Normal.
- Color: Khi lp bn trn c xc lp vi Color, s bo ho v s
chi sng ca lp bn di vn cn c gi li v mu ca lp bn
trn c s dng n. Nu bn mun to mt nh mu t mt nh
grayscale, chuyn i nh sang RGB (Imge | Mode | RGB), thm
mt lp mi, thay i ch ho trn ca lp bn trn vi Color v
t trn lp bn trn.
- Luminosity: Khi lp bn trn c xc lp vi Luminosity, mu
v bo ho ca lp bn di vn cn gi li, v s chi sng ca
lp bn trn c p dng n. Bi v ni chung ti v sng
cung cp kt cu, nn hy s dng ch ho trn ny to chi
tit lp bn di.
c. m c, trong sut, v cc mt n lp
Ch ho trn gip xc nh cch cc pixel mt lp bn trn h
tng vi cc pixel mt lp bn di, nhng cc pixel bn trn
phi hin th trc khi chng c th thc hin bt k h tng no.
Khi quan st bt k pixel no trn mt lp, bn phi xem xt bn
yu t v trong sut:
- Liu xem pixel c bt k mu no khi u
- Gi tr Opacity
- Gi tr Fill
- Nn xem c mt n lp khng
Khi bn thm mt lp v t trn n, v d, bn t mu mt s cc
pixel tuy nhin li cc pixel khc trong sut. (Mi lp mi nh
c t hon ton vi cc pixel, hoc hin th hoc khng hin th).
Nu chng c g c thc hin t mu mt s pixel, chng vn
cn trong sut v cc lp bn di c th nhnthy qua phn ca lp
bn trn. Hnh di cc ch upper layer nm trn mt lp tch
bit pha trn lp cha cc ch Lower Layer. Ni lp bn trn c
cc pixel trong sut, lp bn di hin th xuyn qua.

Mt lp c t tn Background trong Palette Layers c th khng
c cc pixel trong sut.
Vic gim thanh trt Opacity hay Fill trong Palette Layers (hay
hp thoi Layer Style) lm cho tt c cc pixel hin th trn lp tr
nn trong sut mt phn: cc pixel trn cc lp bn di c th
c nhn thy qua cc pixel ca lp bn trn. (Thanh trt Opacity
iu khin cc pixel trn lp v bt k layer style no, thanh trt
Fill ch lm vic trn cc pixel, khng phi trn layer style).
d. To cc nhm ct xn (clipping)
Trong Photoshop, y l mt cch khc gii hn tnh hin th ca
cc pixel mt lp bn trn: Cc nhm ct xn. Vic ct xn mt
lp bn trn n lp bn di s to mt mt n lp bn trn. S
m c ca cc pixel lp bn di c p dng vi cc pixel
bn trn. Ni lp bn di trong sut, lp bn trn (bt chp vi ni
dung gc) tr nn trong sut. Trong Palette Layers, Alt-nhp ng
nm gia hai lp ct xn lp bn trn ti lp bn di. (Khi bn
nhn gi phm Alt, con tr quay tr v biu tng cc nhn ci).
Hnh di y minh ha cc hnh c to vi mt nhm ct xn.

Sau khi Alt-nhp ng nm gia Layer 0 v lp c t tn
GARDENS, lp bn trn ch hin th trong text lp bn di. Lp
bn trn c tht vo pha phi trong Palette Layers, vi mt mi
tn hng xung, cho bn bit rng n c ct xn ti lp bn
di. Ch rng thumbnail ca lp bn trn trong Palette Layers
hin th ton b lp, khng phi ch vng hin th.
Photoshop CS6 cho php bn biu th cc thumbnail ca lp theo
mt cch mi. Trc y, ton b lp, bao gm tt c cc vng
trong sut, c biu th trong thumbnail. Mc d cch cung cp
cho bn mt s ch nh tt v ni dung ca lp c bit ln hay
nh th no nm trong nh. Cc nh nm trong lp vi ni dung th
t hin th trong thumbnail. Bng cch dng Palette Options (t
menu Palette Layers) hay nhp phi vng trng bn di ca
Palette, bn c th chn hin th mt thumbnail cha ch cc
vng khng trong sut ca lp.
e. cc thnh phn ghp c v t nhin
Mt trong cc vn ch yu khi ghp hai nh l cng hi yu
i vi cc mp ca thnh phn m bn ang thm vo nh gc.
Cng , c gi l feathering, lm cho cc mp ca nh c
v dn theo khong cch. C nhiu cch to feather mt vng
chn bao gm:
- S dng trng Feathering trn thanh Options trc khi bn s
dng mt cng c chn.
- Chn Select | Feater sau khi bn to mt vng chn.
- p dng mt m knh alpha ca mt vng chn lu trong
Palette Layers (hay i vi mt mt n lp)
Trng hp mu gia hai lp cng l mt vn quan trng c
mt din mo t nhin
Bn cng cn lu n phi cnh (perspective) v t l (scale). Khi
mt thnh phn trong nh ghp ca bn ng nh qu ln hay qu
nh, hay khi n dng nh gp s c, hy dng lnh Edit |
Transform. Cc lnh Scale v Rotate t gii thch.
Lnh Edit | Transform | Warp mi b xung mt li n gin trn
ni dung ca lp hay vng chn. Bn nhp v r cc ng ch
hng cho cc gc ca li v ti phn giao nhau ca cc ng
li lm bin i tc phm ca bn. Bn cng c th s dng
Warp vi cc ng dn v cc lp hnh dng.
2. B lc Vanishing Point
Khi kt hp cc nh to quang cnh, bn c th thy cn thm
kt cu hay mt mu dc theo mt i tng, gi s l mt i
tng ba chiu. V d, bn c th thm mt hp sn phm vo mt
bc nh ch nh bp v cn thm mt lg pha trc hp. Hay c
l bn s to mt cn phng thm ch c th l mt lu i cao trn
mt ngn i S dng Photoshop CS6 mi vi c tnh
Vanishing Point nh x mt mu sang cc b mt nghing nh
l cc bc tng, sn nh, to nh, v hp. Vanishing Point, s
dng thng tin m bn cung cp, t ng xc nh gc, t l, v phi
cnh ng (Vanishing Point th kh phc tp, v th cc cng
vic c n gin hn bn c th mun s dng vi cc lnh Paste
v Edit | Transform).
s dng Vanishing Point, bn thc hin theo cc bc di y:
1. Sao chp mu:
M bt k file mu no (hay kt cu hay mu hay lg hay bt k
ci g) m bn s thm vo cc bc tng hay cc mt trong nh,
to mt vng chn, sau chn Edit | Copy. By gi bn c th
ng file mu li.
2. To mt vng chn trong nh lm vic ca bn.
Nhn dng ni bn mun mu p dng. Nu bn ang lm vic vi
cc bc tng, to mt vng chn cha bc tng nhng khng bao
gm cc ca s v ca i.
3. M Vanishing Point m, hin th nh ca bn.
4. To cc mt phng trn nh trong ca s Vanishing Point
a) Chn cng c Create Plane (cng c th hai k t trn xung
pha tri ca ca s)
b. Nhp vo nh ni bn mun t ba gc ca mt phng, sau di
chuyn con tr n gc th t.
Bn thy mt phng m rng dc theo hai cnh cui.
c. Khi con tr nm ng v tr, nhp to mt phng.
Nu mt phng vng hay ngoi tr xanh, n khng c cnh
thng hng chn xc. R cc gc ca mt phng cnh thng hng
li chng, s dng cng c Edit Plane (cng c pha trn bn tri).
R cc im neo cnh ra ngoi m rng li ca mt phng
cha ton b bc tng hay mt mt bn.
d. To cc mt phng vung gc bng cch nhn gi phm Ctrl v
r im neo cnh ti im ni hai mt phng giao nhau.
Nu gc ca mt phng th hai hi nm ngoi mt cht, r mt
trong cc im neo gc iu chnh gc. hnh di, bn thy
hai mt phng vung gc vi nhau.

5. Dn mu.
a. Nhn Ctrl+V dn mu ca bn vo trong Vanishing Point.
Mu ca bn c dn gc pha tri bn trn ca ca s
Vanishing Point.
b. Chn cng c Marquee (cng c th ba k t trn xung) v r
mu vo trong mt phng.
Mu t ng chp nhn hng ca mt phng. Nu cn, nhn T trn
bn phm, sau quay v nh t l mu.
6. Sao chp li mu.
Tr khi mu ca bn va kht, bn cn sao chp li n t mt
phng. Vi cng c Marquee chn, nhn gi phm Alt. Sau
nhp v r trong mu sao chp li n. Lp li khi cn thit t
mt phng. Nh bn thy hnh di, bn c th sao chp li mt
mu nh tng i t mt vng ln.

Nu sng trong nh gc ca bn thay i, xc lp menu pop up
Healing ( u ca s, ch vi cng c Marquee kch hot) sang
Luminance. iu gip duy tr sng ban u trn mu hay kt
cu mi.
7. Nhp OK thot khi Vanishing Point v p dng mu hay kt
cu cho nh ca bn.
Sau khi thot khi Vanishing Point, bn c th cn thc hin mt s
vic tinh chnh nh ca bn vi cng c Clone Stap (ph thuc vo
chnh xc m bn c khi r). Bn cng cod th cn thm mt lp
v t mt vng sng v ti ti to sng ban u trong cnh.
y l mt s th thut lm vic vi Vanishing Point:
- To cc mt phng chnh xc, sau r: Nhp bn gc ca
bt k vng nhn dng no ca mt phng c l mt ca s v r
cc im neo cnh hng ra ngoi (hay hng v trong) nhn
dng ton b mt phng.
- S dng phm X thu phng: Nhn v gi phm X trn bn
phm xem trc vng thu phng hin th vng m bn ang
lm vic. Nh phm X thu nh li.
- Nhn phm T bin i: Sau khi dn mu ca bn, bn c th
nhn T trn bn phm v sau nh t l v quay mu dn ca
bn.
- S dng phm Shift r trong lc canh thng hng: Nhn gi
phm Shift trong khi Alt-r sao chp li mu ca bn. iu ny
duy tr phn mi c canh thng hng vi phn c.
- Sao chp cc thnh phn trong nh: To mt vng chn vi
cng c Marquee v Ctrl+Alt-r n vng bn mun t bn sao.
- Dn trn cc i tng trong Vanishing Point: To mt phng.
S dng cng c Marquee chn mt vng m bn mun thay th,
sau nhn gi phm Ctrl v r n mt vng m bn mun dn
vo trong vng chn marquee.
- T chp trong Vanishing Point: Xc nh mt phng, chn cng
c Stamp, v Alt-nhp ti im ngun. Nh phm Alt v di chuyn
con tr n im ni bn mun bt u sao chp. Khi khung xem
trc c cnh thng hng chnh xc, nhp v r sao chp.
- Sn trong phi cnh: Vi mt mt phng xc nh, cng c
Brush trong Vanishing Point thu nh hay phng to ph thuc vo
phi cnh mt phng ca bn.
- Lm vic trn mt lp trng: Bn c th thm mt lp trng
trong Palette Layers trc khi vo Vanishing Point. Kt qu ca bn
c thm vo lp mi, iu ny cho bn lm vic vi ch ho
trn v m c trn mu ca bn vo trong mu gc.
3. Kt hp cc nh t ng
Bn c vi c tnh trong Photoshop CS6 t ng kt hp hai hay
nhiu nh li thnh mt nh n. Bn c th kt hp cc nh ph
chng thnh mt bc nh ton cnh, hay bn c th kt hp nhiu
phi sng ca cng nh chp thnh mt nh c phi sng tt.
Bn thy c Photomerge v Merge to HDR trong mt menu File |
Automate ca Photoshop.

a. To bc nh ton cnh
i khi mt nh chp nhanh khng m t ng mt cnh. i vi
cc trng hp ny, chp mt lot cc nh v kt hp chng thnh
mt bc nh ton cnh ln vi Photomerge.
Bc u tin trong vic s dng Photomerge l chp cc nh ph
hp. y l mt s th thut.
- S dng mt gi vi tm ngm thch hp: S dng mt gi
, m bo gi ng vng v c tm ngm sao cho cc nh
ring bit c canh thng chnh xc.
- Tt tnh nng phi sng t ng: Nu bn s dng c tnh phi
sng t ng ca camera, mi nh thc s c ph by khc bi v
sng trong khung. Thay vo , hy phi sng bc nh chnh
gia (hay quan trng nht) v s dng cng cc xc lp cho tt c
cc nh chp.
- ng s dng auto focus ng knh thu phng: Auto-focus c
th thay i tha s thu phng ca ng knh. Thay vo , xc lp
ng knh n tiu c bng tay sau khi s dng auto-focus trn bc
nh quan trng nht ca bn.
- Ph chng theo 25%: Mt phn t ca mi nh chp c ph
chng Photomerrge c nt tng t gia cc nh ln cn.
Khi lm vic vi cc nh c phi sng chnh xc v c s ph
chng ph hp, Photomerge c t ng ho hon ton. Bn m
Perspective, chn cc nh bn mun s dng, nhp OK, i v quan
st iu k diu khi cc thnh phn c t theo th t, c canh
thng hng v c ho trn. i khi Photomerge yu cu mt s
tr gip nh, v bn cn r c phn nh theo v tr. (t cc nh
theo th t chnh xc trong ngn bn trn trc khi r chng vo
trong ca s chnh canh thng hng). Sau Photomerge c to
mt tng th duy nht.
S dng nt Save Composition As pha phi bn trn ca ca s
Photomerge lu ton cnh, v bn c th quay tr li sau
kt thc thc hin cc thay i. V hy lu c bit n hp kim
Keep as Layers pha phi bn di. La chn hp kim ny
bn c th canh thng hng sau khi cn thit v s dng cc phn
iu chnh tinh chnh s ho trn.
Khi to mt bc nh ton cnh ca mt cn phng hay mt cnh
khc, hy s dng tu chn Perspective. Theo mc nh Vanishing
Point (im xa nht) c gi nh nm tm. Nu khng, chn
cng c Set Vanishing Point (th ba trn pha tri) v nhp nh
ng. Khi bn s dng tu chn Perspective, nh ca bn c th
xut hin ngay chnh gia. Cho php tu chn Cylindrical Mapping
cho thy nh, y v khong cch cm nhn c.
b. Kt hp cc phi sng cho cc nh
Mt tnh nng kh chuyn bit, lnh Photoshop CS6 Merge to HDR
to mt nh ghp ca hai hay nhiu phi sng ca cng nh
chp, chp cc phn c phi sng tt nht ca mi nh. V d,
bn c th chp hai nh ca mt cn phng, mt nh c phi
sng cho chnh cn phng v nh khc c phi sng chp chi
tit ca hin trng bn ngoi ca s. Merge to HDR ly phn p
nht ca c hai nh v to mt nh n. Sau y l cch thc hin.
1. Chn lnh File | Automate | Mere to HDR Pro.

Hp thoi Merge to HDR xut hin.
2. Chn cc nh s dng.
m bo hp kim Attempt to Automatically Align Source Images
c nh du.

3. Nhp OK m Merge to HDR.
gc phi bn trn ca ca s Merge to HDR l tu chn Git
Depth c to mt nh 16 bit hay thm ch mt nh 8 bit c th s
dng c hn l cc nh 32 bit/mc nh knh HDR. Bn cng c
th iu chnh nh bng cch r thanh trt Set White Point
Preview. Ni chung, thanh trt nm bn di cnh phi ca
histogram, ni histogram bt u xut hin.
hnh di y, bn thy hai nh ngun pha tri bn di. nh
c trn chnh gia s dng cc vng sng ca hai hnh nh gc
to nhiu chi tit nh.

Nu bn chn s dng tu chn 32 bit/knh, bn c th lu nh
ra mt trong ba dng file di y:
- PSD (Photoshop)
- PSB (Dng Large Document ca Photoshop, nu c kch hot
trong Preferences ca Photoshop)
- TIFF
Nh rng khng c nhiu chng trnh s dng cc nh 32 bit/knh,
v thm ch cc tnh nng hiu chnh ca bn trong Photoshop cng
gii hn.
4. Thm cc hiu ng m thut v sng to
Chc chn bn mun t mu nu c mt lp, s dng b lc Add
Noise (Gaus sian Distribution, Mnchrrome), v sau p dng
mt b lc Motion Blur to mt hiu ng x g hn l bn p
dng mt b lc t x vo mt nh CMYK, o dng n vi mt
knh, v sau vi ba knh ring bit nh s dng Ctrl+F. Sau y
l mt s th thut sng to thng c s dng.
a. Lm nhn da hon ton
Khi bn nhn thy cc nh chp li cun, bn bit l nhng bc
nh ca nhng ngi p dng nh cc k hon ho. Mt trong
nhng iu bn khng thy l kt cu ca da. Khng c np nhn.
Thc t, da xut hin vi nhn hon ton.

y l cch bn c th t n hiu ng m khng lm m:
1. M mt bn sao ca nh.
Bt c khi no bn s dng mt k thut thc hin cc thay i
hon ho vi cc pixel trong nh, bn nn lm vic trn mt bn
sao. iu ny gip bn bo ton nh gc, n khng nhng gip bn
trnh khi sai st m cn gi nh gc nguyn vn khi dng cc k
thut v th thut khc trong tng lai.
2. Thm mt lp mi bng cch nhp np New Layer trong Palette
Layers,
3. To mt vng chn.
Vng chn nn cch xa vng gng mt, v nn nh kch c t nht
mt na chiu rng v chiu cao trn gng mt.
4. T vng chn vi mu.
Nhn Alt-Backspace t n vi mt foreground: Sau hu chn.
5. Chn Healing Brush v xc lp im ngun.
m bo rng tu chn Use All Layers c chn thanh Options v
Aligned c hu chn. Alt-nhp tm ca vng chn t.
6. T trn da.
Nhp v r vi Healing Brush thay kt cu da bng kt cu ca
vng ngun (nhn). S dng cc nt t ngn theo ng vin ca
gng mt. Chc rng bn khng t trn chn my, mi, mi, v
cc vng khc c chi tit quan trng.
b. Chuyn t mt nh chp sang mt bc v
Bn c hng chc cch to mt hiu ng ha s trong
Photoshop. Sau y l mt trong nhng nh thng c s dng.

1. M mt bn sao ca nh
2. Chn cc bng v m.
M Palette Channels v Ctrl-nhp knh pha trn (RGB hay
CMYK hay Lab) to mt vng chn ph thuc vo chiu
sng ca mi pixel.

S dng phm tt Ctrl+Shift+I bin i vng chn (chn cc
bng hn l cc im ni bt). p dng Gaussian Blur nh, c l 1
hay 2 pixel, lm m chi tit trong cc vng ti hn (Nh rng
bn c th s dng phm tt Ctrl+H lm cho bin vng chn bin
mt, y khng phi l mt th thut)

3. Chn cc im ni bt v sc nt.
S dng phm tt Ctrl+Shift+I o ngc li vng chn (chn
cc im ni bt). p dng b lc Sharpen | Smart Sharpen vi cc
xc lp ban u ca Amount: 200% v Radius: 2 pixels (iu chnh
cc gi tr trng hp ni dung ca nh v khiu m thut ca
bn).

Hp thoi ca b lc xut hin nh hnh di y:

4. Thm mt kt cu canvas vo nh.
Hu chn vi phm tt Ctrl+D ( kt cu c p dng vo ton
b nh), sau s dng b lc Filter Gallery | Texturizer thm
kt cu canvas, ci tin hiu ng ha s.

Hp thoi b lc xut hin

c. To mt dng phc tho t mt nh chp
M phng mt bc v trong Photoshop l tuyt vi, nhng i khi
bn c th cn mt bn phc tho. Photoshop c vi b lc thc
hin tt vic to cc bn phc tho bng bt ch. y l mt cch d
to cc ng nt phc tho t mt nh chp.

1. M mt bn sao ca nh.
y l mt k thut hu to n to ra cc thay i vnh vin cho cc
pixel trong file, v th hy lm vic t mt bn sao bo m an
ton.
2. p dng b lc vi Quality: High v Mode: Normal, v s dng
cc xc lp loi b tt c chi tit nh trong nh nhng vn duy tr
cc mp v cc chi tit quan trng trn nh.

Hp thoi b lc xut hin nh hnh di y:

3. Xc nh cc mp vi Smart Blur.
M li hp thoi Smart Blur v xc lp menu pop-up Mode sang
Edge Only. iu chnh cc thanh trt n khi khung xem trc
white-on-black hin th lng chi tit ph hp bn mun c trong
nh sau cng sau nhp OK.

4. Bin i cc mu.
S dng phm tt Ctrl+Shift+I hon i en v trng trong nh.
5. Lm m cc ng.
p dng Gausian Blur 1 hay 2 pixel lm mm cc mp ca cc
ng.

Hp thoi b lc xut hin nh hnh di

6. iu chnh dy ca cc ng vi Levels.

Hp thoi Level xut hin nh hnh di:

Trong hp thoi Levels, r mc iu khin thanh trt gia sang
tri phi n khi bn cm thy hi lng vi din mo ca nh. Nu
mun bn c th tinh chnh li bn phc tho vi b lc Sharpen |
Unsharp Mask.

Hp thoi b lc xut hin nh hnh di:










Bi 8 Tinh chnh nh v to hiu ng
1. Hon chnh cc bc chn dung
i khi bn chp cc bc nh p v i khi bn chp cc bc nh
khng p, xtv tnh ngh thut l iu tt nhin. Mc d chp
vi xc thc tuyt i l mc tiu cu mt s nh m thut v
phn ln cc nhip nh gia, nhng bn v Photoshop c th lm cho
cc bc nh ca mnh c v p hn vi thc t.
Trong bi hc ny, bn s tm hiu mt s k thut c bn x l
cc li thng gp phi ca mt nhip nh gia. Bn s tm hiu cch
loi b hiu ng mt (red-eye) xu xut hin khi n chp
camera ca bn phn chiu cc mch mu pha sau ca mt. Bn
cng s hc mt s th thut loi b cc np nhn, lm trng
rng v lm cho cc ng eo gy gn hn. V pha cui bi bn
cng s hc cch loi b mt s khim khuyt ln hn trong cc
nh. V bi ny, bn s s dng cc v d thc t, cc loi nh m
bn c th lm vic vi chng sau ny.
2. Lm cho cc nh p hn
Bn c th lm nhiu iu trong Photoshop ci thin cc nh ca
mnh chng hn chnh sa cc li khim khuyt khi chp nh ngi.
D l bc chn dung c chp trong studio hay mt nh chp
nhanh, bn cng cn tinh chnh i cht lm cho ch th trong
bc nh ca bn c v p hn. V mt l thuyt mc d bn c th
lm cho hu nh bt k ngi no cng c v p hn so vi thc
t nh s dng Photoshop, nhng bn phi nh cn bng gia vic
ci thin vi xc thc. Lun lun lm vic trn mt bn sao ca
nh. Bn cng nn nh lu cc bn sau tch bit ti cc bc khc
nhau trong tin trnh hiu chnh. Khch hng c th ni anh ta mun
cc np rng c loi b khi rng ca mnh, nhng sau khi bn
a ra sn phn hon tt, anh ta c th thay i nh.
a. Loi b mt
Khi mt ch th nhn thng vo camera v n chp ca camera
nhy ln kt qu thng c mt . iu ny xy ra khi nh sng
(n chp) chiu vo cc mch mu pha sau ca mt mt v lm
cho ch th c mt din mo hi xu. Trong s nhiu cch gim
thiu s c ny l dng Photoshop CS6 vi cng c Red Eye mi.

Phng to v nhp mt ln vi cng c quan st vt bin mt,
li cc vt sng t nhn v mt con mt hon ho. Nh bn thy
hnh di y, cc xc lp mc nh th tuyt vi ngay c i vi
cc trng hp nghim trng ca mt .

Cng c Red Eye tm thy vt , khng phi xanh. i vi mt
xanh (green-eye) (trong cc nh ca cc con vt) v cc phn chiu
qu sng t cc mp, s dng c Brush.

Xc lp mu tin cnh sang en; trong thanh Options, chn ch
Luminosity v Opacity (mt m c) khong 50%. S dng mt
c vi ng knh phi lp hn c thng v mt c c cng
khong 75%. Nhp mt ln v nh gi kt qu; nu cn tht, gim
Opacity n 20% v nhp li.

y l mt th thut chnh red-eye/green-eye: Cng c Sponge, xc
lp n Desaturate trong thanh Options, thc hin tt vic chnh cc
trng hp ca mt (red-eye).
b. Lm m cc np nhn
bi trc c mt v d minh ha v cch s dng cng c Dodge
lm m nht cc vt nhn m khng loi b chng hon ton.
Photoshop c nhiu cch gim thiu hay loi b cc np nhn.
Cc cng c mnh nht cho cng vic ny l Healing Brush, cng
c Patch, v Clone Stamp.


C Healing Brush v cng c Patch u lm vic bng cch sao
chp kt cu t mt vng ny sang vng khc. V d, bn c th sao
chp np da thng sang vng da b nhn, lm thng cc np nhn
trong khi vn duy tr tng mu v mu chung ca vng. lm vic
vi Healing Brush, hy nhp Alt+nhp vng m bn mun sao
chp, sau nhp v r qua vng m bn ang chnh sa. Khi bn
chn tu chn Aligned t thanh Options bn duy tr mi lin h
gia im m bn ang chnh sa v vng m bn r. Cho d bn di
chuyn con tr n u, im ngun vn cng khong cch v
hng. Tuy vy, khi sa cha cc vng cng khun mt, bn c th
thy n d dng hn xo hp kim Aligned. Mi ln bn nh nt
chut, bn li bt u t im ngun. Bng cch s dng cc nt
ngn, bn c th chnh sa t cng vng ngun n bt k vng no
ca nh.
lm vic vi cng c Patch, to mt vng chn (s dng bt k
cc k thut chn ca Photoshop) v sau r vi cng c Patch.
Ph thuc vo tu chn m bn chn t thanh Options, bn c th
hoc chn v r vng b tn hi hoc mt vng p (Chn Source t
thanh Options), hay bn c th chn mt vng p v r n vng
b tn hi (chn Destination). Bn c th s dng c hai Healing
Brush v cng c Patch p dng mt kt cu xc nh trc.
Cng vic ny c th thc hin bng tay cho vic thm mt kt cu
khng thc hin c trong nh ca bn.
Cng ging vi Healing Brush, bn nhn Alt - nhp vi Clone
Stamp xc lp vng m bn ang sao chp v sau t trn mt
vng thc hin s thay i. Healing Brush sao chp kt cu,
nhng Clone Stamp sao chp cc pixel, thay th hon ton vng m
bn r. (Tt nhin, l ch th vi ch ho trn v m c
m bn chn t thanh Options). Tng t vi Healing Brush, Clone
Stamp cung cp tu chn Aligned.

Hnh trn biu th s so snh v s hn ch np nhn khi s dng
Healing Brush v Clone Stamp c xc lp sang Normal v m
dc 100%. (Nu bn s dng Clone Stamp sa cha da, hn ch
m c v m bo chn mt vng ngun ca sng v mu
da tng t).
c. Gim thiu ch li trong nh bng k thut s
Bn c th s dng cng c Clone Stamp gim bt ch nh ra
ng eo hoc bn di mt bp tay, nhng bn c th thy d
dng hn to mt vng chn v quay mp bn ngoi hng v
trong mt cht.

hnh trn to mt vng chn vi cng c Lasso cha mt s nn
v da (hay o). Ctrl+T vo Free Transform (hay s dng lnh
Edit | Transform | Rotate). R im quay (point of rotation) (k hiu
ch thp nh gia hp bin) ln pha trn ca hp bin, sau
nh v tr con tr phi nm bn ngoi hp bin v r quay. Khi
bn hi lng, nhn Enter chp nhn s bin i.
Khi x l cc cm i, cch tt nht l gim thiu hn l xo b n.
Vic t mt chic c gy di mt gng mt bo s to v khng
t nhin. Bn c th xn bt cc phn ngoi ca cm th hai mt
cht bng cch s dng ch quay, nhng da vo cng c Burn
lm sm n. Bng vic lm sm ch tht d di cm, bn lm
n xut hin di dng bng v di cm thc.

S dng cng c Dodge (nu cn) n bt k np gp no lin
quan vi chic cm bo. Xc nh li cm v cc ng nt t nhin
nhng nh rng kt qu khng phi c v t nhin m cn phi lm
cho khch hng ca bn chp nhn c.
Khi lm vic vi cc cng c Burn v Dodge, ng qun gim cc
xc lp Exposure trong thanh Options 15%-20% th mnh cho
loi cng vic ny. Bn cng s mun iu chnh gia Highlights v
Midtones (xc lp Range Burn trong thanh Options) khi to mt
bng gi trn mt cm i bng cng c Burn. Phng to khi thc
hin loi cng vic ny, nhng cng m mt ca s th hai qua
Window | Arrange | New Windows dng cho [tn file] theo di
s tc ng tng th ca cc thay i.
Bn c th s dng c tnh Fiter | Liquify ca Photoshop ko,
y, xon, lm nhn, phng ln, v thao tc cc pixel theo dng v
v tr bn cn.

Hnh nh khi s dng cng c trong menu Filter

Thc s chng c g mnh hn khi thc hin vic cu hnh li mt
hnh nh. hnh trn, bn thy khun mt c co li cho ph
hp, v thanh thot hn.

d. S phi chiu qua knh
Cc loi knh eo mt thng l mt cn c mng ca nhip nh
gia! S phn chiu qua knh thng l cc im ni bt phn chiu
(specular highlights) c ngha l cc vng trng trong sut tuyt i
khng c chi tit no trong chng. nh gi chnh xc s phn
chiu n trong c knh eo mt, m Palette Info v di chuyn con
tr qua vng. Nu bn thy mt s thay i ng ch gia cc gi
tr RGB trong Palette Info, bn c th phc hi vng ny bng cng
c Burn.
Nu Palette Info biu th cc gi tr RGB l 255/255/255 hoc tng
ng, vng ny khng c chi tit. S dng cng c Clone Stamp
sao chp trn vng t phn khc ca nh. (Hay bn c th s
dng nh khc nh l im ngun cho Clone Stamp).
e. Lm trng rng
Ni chung rng khng thc s trng lm. Hy quan st cc bng
ng v vng trong rng. S dng cng c Dodge lm sng rng.
T thanh Options, xc lp cng c vi Midtones (khng phi
Highlights) v mt Exposure c l 30% dng cho cc rng ca.

Sau chuyn i n Shadows v lm sng cc rng ca, rng
hm hin th pha sau. ng phng i qu.

Hnh trn minh ha hm rng ca nhng ngi bnh thng, hm
rng ca nhng ngi bnh thng c ci thin, v hm rng
ca cc din vin Hollywood. Cn bng phn iu chnh ca bn
theo cc nhu cu ca khch hng.
3. Gim nhiu trong cc nh
Vic chuyn t phng ti sang dng k thut s gip tit kim
kh nhiu tin sa phim v cc ph tn x l nhng li b xung
mt tp hp cc thch thc mi vo m thut v ngnh kinh doanh
nhip nh. C l dn u trong s cc li thng gp ca k thut
chp nh s l hin tng nhiu. , xanh, v xanh da tri (hay
sng v ti) ln trn trong mt nh c th h mt nh k thut s.
Nhiu thng thy r cc vng bng v trn vi cc mu ti trong
cc nh ca bn.
Nu camera cho php bn chn mt xc lp ISO, bn c th gim
nhiu trong cc nh bng cch s dng ISO thp. i khi bn cn
chp nhanh nh cc s kin th thao. Tuy vy, khi bn c mt chn
la, s dng mt ISO thp gim nhiu. Vic dng gi chn
khi chp cng gip gim nhiu rt nhiu.
a. Gim nhiu
Photoshop CS6 b xung mt tnh nng mi gip trnh nhiu.
Bn thy b lc Reduce Noise mi di menu Filter | Noise.

Nh bn thy hnh di, n thc hin rt tt trung ho cc pixel
, xanh, v xanh da tri ngu nhin trong khi bo tn chi tit trong
nh.

Ch rng Reduce Noise cng cung cp mt tu chn Remove
JPEG Artifact. Khi lu trong dng file JPEG, bn iu ho gia
cht lng nh v kch c file nh hn. File cng nh, kh nng gy
t hi vic nn i vi nh ca bn cng ln. Ni chung s tn hi
ny biu th chnh n nh l cc ng hin th gia cc khi ca
cc pixel 8 pixel vung.
Bn cng s thy cng c Color Replacement tin li cho vic gim
ting n, c bit trong cc vng c mu kh ng u. Alt + nhp
phi trong vng xc lp mu tin cnh; sau tch bit vng b
nhiu. Khi bn di chuyn t vng ny sang vng khc trong nh,
Alt - nhp chn mt mu foreground (tin cnh) mi.
b. Loi b hin tng nhiu sng
Ngoi nhng vt m nh , xanh, v xanh da tri ca hin tng
nhiu k thut s, bn c th gp hin tng nhiu sng, y l
nhng m nh sng v ti ri rc qua nh ca bn. B lc Surface
Blur mi ca Photoshop CS6 c th s l nhiu d sng, nhng bn
c nhiu iu khin hn qua kt qu khi lm vic vi b lc Blur |
Smart Blur.

Khng ging vi Surface Blur Smart Blur cho php bn g nhp
cc phn s cho c hai gi tr Radius (bn knh) v threshold.

i khi s khc nhau gia mt blur 1. 5 pixel v mt blur 2 l s
bo v chi tit p trong nh ca bn.
4. Loi b cc thnh phn khng cn thit khi nh gc
i khi mt bc nh tt p li c cha mt thnh phn no m
bn li mun ty xo n khi nh, nh l cc ng dy in thoi
cc khong cch xa, mt to nh, hay c l l mt ngi bn
mun ty xo i. Ni khc i, mi th trong nh rt p, nhng nh
dng nh sai bi v gc ca nh c chp. Photoshop cung
cp cho bn cc cng c v cc k thut khc nhau ct xn, sao
chp, lm sch v thm ch chnh sa phi cnh.
a. Loi b cc thnh phn khng mong mun
C l cch d nht loi b mt thnh phn ra khi mt nh l xn
(crop) nh: c ngha l, ct bt mt phn ca nh. K thut ny th
d nu mt mu rc hay bt k iu g xy ra nm gc nh v ct
xn s khng lm hng tc phm ca bn. Tuy vy, khi bn phi che
y hn l ct xn, hy xem xt c cloning (nhn bn) v copy/paste
(sao chp/ dn)
Mt trong nhng vn quan trng khi s dng cng c Clone
Stamp l phi n cng vic. Phng to bn c th lm vic
chnh xc nhng s dng Window | Arange | New Window cho lnh
[filename]. Gi ca s th hai c thu nh v th bn c th kim
sot tin khi lm vic. Bn cng mun gi mt bn sao ca nh
gc m cho vic tham chiu. Bn c th to mt bn sao ca file
bng lnh Image | Duplicate hoc bng cch nhp nt tri pha
di ca Palette History mt bn sao ca file bng lnh Image |
Duplicate hoc bng cch nhp nt tri pha di ca Palette
History.

hnh nh di, bn thy nh gc pha tri, nh sau khi chnh sa
bn phi, vng chnh sa nm trong khung mu trng.

- Lm vic trn mt lp tch bit: Trc khi sao chp (cloning),
nhp nt New Layer bn di ca Palette Layers v nhp nt
Sample All Layers trn thanh Options. Bng cch sao chp vi lp
mi, bn bo v chnh bn khi cc s sut (bn c th lun xo
phn ca lp bn trn) v c th hin th, n lp cng vic ca bn
kim tra tin . Nu nh thc s c nhiu lp v bn mun sao
chp ch mt, n cc lp khc trong palelle Layers bng cch nhp
cc biu tng eyeball trong ct bn tri.
- Nu mu hay mu dng b, sao chp gn: V d, nu bn ang
loi b mt ng dy in bn bu tri xanh p, sao chp t pha
phi bn trn v bn di ng dy in bn c c s tng
hp mu tt nht. i vi cc thnh phn ln hn, hay tinh vi hn,
bn c th sao chp ch mt na, sao chp mt na t mt pha v
mt na cn li mt kia.
- trnh mt mu c th nhn ra, sao chp xa: hnh trn,
chng ta sao chp pha trn tay vn xe p gc pha bn di
ca nh t cc v tr khc nhau trnh to bt k bn sao chp li
c th nhn ra nm gn k cc cm hoa hay cc tng . Tuy vy,
bn nn th sao chp t cc vng c cng khong cch k t ng
knh vi vng m bn ang sao chp, Nu bn sao chp t khong
cch xa vo trong tin cnh, bn s c mt s tng hp sai v kch
c c th nhn ra v c l c s khc nhau v tiu im.
- sao chp cc vng, hay cc i tng, s dng Aligned:
hnh trn, chng ta sao chp cc mng ca cc bng hoa di, c,
v . Bng cch s dng tu chn Aligned, mi lin h gia im
m chng ta to mu v im m chng ta sao chp c gi
li khi nh nt chut. chn mt im ngun mi, hy nhn
Alt+nhp.
- lp li mt mu hay kt cu, ng s dng Aligned: Nu
bn c mt i tng c bit, kt cu hay mu m bn mun sao
chp li trong nhiu vng, bn c th xo chn hp kim Aligned
trn thanh Options. Mi ln bn nh nt chut, im ngun quay tr
v v tr, chnh xc ni bn nhn Alt + nhp. Bn c th sao chp
cng phn ca nh vo trong nhiu v tr khc nhau khi bn chn.
Bn c th thay i m c v ch ho trn ca cng c. Ni
chung, khi bn che giu mt thnh phn no trong nh, hy s
dng ch ho trn Normal v m c 100%. Tuy nhin, bn
cng c th nhn bn vi cc ch ho trn khc v gim m
c thay v che giu t c cc hiu ng c bit.
iu chnh kch c c. Nhn cc du ngoc vung m v ng (
pha bn phi ch P trn bn phm chun) gim v tng ng
knh c m khng phi m Palette Brushes.
Kim tra cc xc lp Hardness v Spacing ca c. t c kt
qu nhn nht cho phn nhn bn chung, hy gim xc lp Hardness
ca c xung khong 25%. Nu bn cn mt mp r rng hn cho
c, bn ng nhn bn vi xc lp Hardness trn 90%. Thay vo ,
bn hy vo Palette Brushes v xc lp Spacing sang 1% bo
m mp cng nhn cng tt.
Cc thch thc ln hn thng cn n cc bin php linh ng
hn, chng hn nh nhn i cc lp v cc mt n lp.

Sau y l cc bc cn thc hin loi b con mo ra khi m
c trong bc nh.
1. Quyt nh phn no cn loi b v cch tt nht che lp n.
Trong trng hp y, chng ta s loi b con mo bn tri.
2. To mt vng chn ca vng bn s che lp.
Chng ta s dng vng chn hnh ch nht a vo mi th pha
bn phi con mo.
3. Sao chp sang mt lp mi.
S dng t hp phm Ctrl+J sao chp vng chn sang mt lp
mi.
4. nh v tr lp mi.
S dng cng c Move trt lp mi pha trn vng bn mun
loi b.
5. Xa phn hnh nh tha.
Hnh nh y l con mo trn bi c chng ta dng cng c Eraser
xa hnh nh con mo. Do dch chuyn phn c Layer mi
pha di sang v tr con mo nn khi xa chng ta s thy l ra
phn c mi ph hp vi hnh nh.

6. Tm v iu chnh cc hin tng khc thng.
Nu c nhng im khc thng bn tip tc iu chnh cho tng v
tr.
7. Xn (crop).
Quan st li nh gia bn di hnh nh, bn thy vng cn c
xn, nm ngoi pha phi. Bng cch dng vng chn hnh ch nht
ca mi th bn mun lu v lnh Image | Crop, s thay i
hon tt.
b. Loi b hin trng nghing: Chnh sa phi cnh
Khi bn chp mt bc nh ti mt gc, c l chp theo hng ln
trn ca mt ton nh, bn c c nh foreshorteng (nh thu nh
li mt trc) vi mt phn xa ca ch th thu nh li. Bn c
th s dng lnh Photoshop Edit | Transform | Perspective chnh
sa li. To mt vng chn, chn lnh Perspective, sau r hng
ra ngoi trn mt gc ca cnh thu nh li (hay hng v bin
trong gc ca cnh phng ln ra). Khi cc ng dc v ngang
trong nh thng, nhn t hp phm tt Ctrl+T vo ch Free
Transform. Lm cho mt ch th cao hn. Nh bn thy hnh pha
di, vic chnh sa phi cnh chnh xc cng yu cu mt phn
iu chnh chiu cao. Nhn Return/Ener khi kt thc.

Bn cng c th s dng cng c Perspective Crop ca Photoshop
chnh sa phi cn. c kt qu t nht, nh v tr bn gc ca
hp bin cc gc thy c ca mt thnh phn trong nh m n
s l hnh ch nht hay hnh vung; sau r cc nm iu khin
mt hng ra ngoi m rng hp bin bao quan nh ca bn.
Nhn Enter khi hon tt. Hnh di minh ha cng c Crop thc
hin tt vic iu chnh chiu cao va kht trong phi cnh.

c. Quay cc nh chnh xc
Nm n di Eyedropper trong Toolbox ca Photoshop l cng c
Measure. Ni chung, bn s dng n kt hp vi Palette Info tm
cc khong cch v cc gc trong nh ca bn. Bn cng c th s
dng n m bo rng bn p dng mt quay chnh xc cn
thit cho nh. Chn cng c Measure, r n dc theo bt k ng
thng ngang hay dc trong nh, sau chn Image | Rotate Canvas |
Aribitrary. Gc ca cng c Measure s i bn trong hp thoi, v
th bn ch cn nhp OK quay nh ca bn mt cch chnh xc.
5. To bong bng trong bc nh
(Su tm ti: http://www.tinhoc24h.info)
Trong phn ny chng ti s trnh by nhng bc c bn to
hnh nh bong bng trong bc nh bng cng c Brush quen thuc.
Trc tin, chng ta cn to mi 1 vn bn vi kch thc 600 x
600 px, phn gii 72 pixel/inch, ch Background
Contents l White:

La chn cng c Elliptical Marquee Tool t bng iu
khin Tool, hoc nhn nt M 2 ln:

Nhn v gi phm Shift + Alt (Windows) hoc Shift + Option
(Mac) v bt u v t phn gia, ko dn ra bn ngoi. Chng ta
s c hnh trn u tin:

M tip menu Layer v chn New > Layer via Copy hoc nhn
phm tt Ctrl + J (Windows) / Command + J (Mac):

Photoshop s thc hin thao tc copy phn ni dung bn trong vng
chn sang 1 lp mi v t tn l Layer 1, ngay bn trn Layer gc
trong bng iu khin:

Sau , nhn vo biu tng Layer Styles pha di:

Chn phn Inner Glow t menu hin th:

Ca s iu khin Layer Style ca Photoshop xut hin, cc bn
thay i ch Blend Mode t Screen thnh Multiply, c tc dng
chuyn phn Inner Glow thnh Inner Shadow. Chn tip chc
nng Color Swatch bn di ch Noise v ly mu en. V cui
cng l chuyn Size trong phn Elements trong khong 40 px.

Cc bn ng vi nhn OK v thot khi hp thoi Layer Style, v
chng ta vn cn vic cn lm ti y. y l kt qu tm thi ca
qu trnh ny:

Tip , nh du check vo Gradient Overlay (chn trc tip
vo dng ch, ch khng phi ch chn checkbox):

Qu trnh ny s thay i thay i ct gia trong bng hp
thoi Layer Style thnh Gradient Overlay. Ti y, cc bn hy
ch phn Gradient v thay i li sao cho ging hnh di:

Tip theo, hp thoi Gradient Editor hin th, chng ta s chn
phn Gradient c tn l Black, White nh di y. Sau nhn
OK:

Quay tr li hp thoi Layer Style, tip tc thay
i Style t Linear thnh Radial:

V kt qu ca chng ta sau khi thc hin nhng bc trn s trng
ging nh th ny:

Vn m bng Layer Style, cc bn chn phn gia ca hnh trn
nhn gi chut v ko di chuyn ti gc trn bn tri. Sau nhn
OK v ng ca s Layer Style:

Tip tc, chn biu tng New Layer to thm 1 lp mi:

V s dng cng c Brush Tool:

Chn thng s Foreground l mu en (hoc nhn phm D thay
i v la chn mc nh), chuyn sang ch Small, Soft - Edge
round brush, v nhn vo phn di ca hnh trn to thm 1
im na nh hnh di:

Nhn v gi phm Ctrl (Windows) hoc Command (Mac) v chn
trc tip phn Preview Thumbnail ca Layer 1, chng ta s c
ton b phn l chn bn ngoi:

Chn tip menu Filter > Distort > Pinch:

Bng iu khin chnh ca hiu ng Pinch hin th, thay i thng
s Amount v pha cui cng bn tri:

Nhn OK p dng thay i v ng ca s, sau nhn tip Ctrl
+ F (Windows) hoc Command + F (Mac) 2 ln p dng hiu
ng ny thm 2 ln na. Sau , nhn Ctrl + D
(Windows) hoc Command + D (Mac) b vng chn:

Kt qu tm thi ca chng ta
Khi hon thnh phn c bn ca hnh bong bng, hy lu li
di dng Brush. M menu Edit > Define Brush Preset:

Hp thoi Brush Name hin th, cc bn t tn l Bubble ri nhn
OK:

Tip theo, m bc nh chng ta cn gn bong bng vo. V d ti
y:

Nhn vo biu tng New Layer pha di bng iu khin
to thm lp mi bn trn nh nn:

Chn tip Brush Tool t thanh iu khin Tool, nhn chut
phi (Windows) hoc Control + click (Mac) ti bt c ni no trn
bc nh m bng Brush Preset picker, chn thnh phn cui
cng trong danh sch v nhn Enter (Windows) hoc Return
(Mac) ng ca s ny li:

Tip tc, nhn F5 m Brush, ti y c cha tt c cc la chn
ca Brush Dynamics cho php chng ta iu khin hnh ng
ca Brush khi v. Cng trong bng iu khin Brushes ang m,
cc bn nhn trc tip vo phn Shape Dynamics:

Tng thng s Size Jitter ti 100%, thc hin tng t nh vy
vi Roundness Jitter, v cui cng l Minimum Roundness thnh
25%:

Tip tc, chn trc tip phn Scattering bn di Shape
Dynamics, ti y cc bn thay i tham s Scatter ti
khong 250% v ng ca s ny li:

Nh vy l chng ta hon thnh chng ng, phn cn li l
to mu cho nhng phn bong bng ny. Hy m bo rng
phn Foreground color c i v mu trng (nhn phm X):

ch mc nh, cng c Brush ang la chn c kch thc hi
to qu, do vy cc bn nhn phm [ thay i. Sau chn Layer
1 v bt u v. Nu cm thy khng hi lng vi sn phm ca
mnh, hy nhn phm tt Ctrl + Z (Windows) / Command + Z
(Mac) quay li bc trc, hoc Ctrl + Alt + Z (Windows) /
Command + Option + Z (Mac) quay tr li nhiu bc.

Hy c gng thc hin sao cho tht t nhin
Nhng ti bc ny, hnh nh bong bng ca chng ta trng c v
hi qu sc nt so vi mi trng nc. khc phc vn ny,
nhn Ctrl + J (Windows) / Command + J (Mac) nhn i lp
bong bng ny ln:

Sau , p dng hiu ng Gaussian Blur qua menu Filter > Blur:

Bng iu khin ca Gaussian Blur hin th, thay i gi tr
ca Radius thnh 8:

Nhn OK, v hnh nh ca nhng chic bong bng s trng t nhin
hn rt nhiu:

hon thin tc phm ca chng ta, cc bn hy to thm 1 lp
mi, v s dng Brush kch thc ln thm cc lung bong
bng, c tc dng lm cho ngi xem cm nhn c ton cnh ca
bc tranh khi di nc:

6. To hiu ng nh lng nhau
Trong bi ny chng ti s trnh by 1 s bc c bn to hiu
ng nh lng nhau. Mc ch chnh ca chng ta l hng s tp
trung ca ngi xem vo i tng chnh, sau khi c chnh sa
s nm gn bn trong 1 khung nh khc.

nh mu c s dng trong bi vit ny
Trc tin, chng ta s nhn i lp nh gc bng chc
nng Duplicate Layer hoc s dng phm tt Ctrl + J
(Windows) hoc Command + J (Mac), sau chng trnh s t
i tn lp mi thnh Layer 1:

V d phn bit v x l trong cc bc sau, cc bn nn i tn
cc lp khc nhau. y, chng ti s i Layer 1 thnh Smaller
version:

Tip theo, chng ta cn phi to thm 1 lp mi bn di Smaller
version. Chn Smaller version, gi phm Ctrl
(Windows) hoc Command (Mac) v chn biu tng New
Layer pha cui bng iu khin:

V Photoshop s to mi 1 Layer nm gia 2 Layer c sn:

Tng t nh trn, chng ta s tin hnh i tn d phn bit vi
cc lp khc, y l Clipping mask:

T gi tr i, chng ta ch yu thao tc trn Layer mi ny. Tip
theo, cc bn chn cng c Rectangle hoc nhn phm U:

Dng cng c ny v v 1 hnh t gic xung quanh i tng chnh:

Sau , cc bn s thy lp Clipping mask t 1 Layer bnh thng
tr thnh Layer vector shape:

Tip theo, nhn phm Alt (Windows) hoc Option (Mac) v di
chuyn ng k gia 2 lp Smaller version v Clipping mask, cho
ti khi biu tng ca con tr chuyn thnh hnh vung vi mi tn
i xung.
Trng c v nh cha c g khc vi bc nh ca chng ta, nhng
trong bng iu khin, cc bn c th thy lp Smaller version
li 1 t vo bn phi, ngha l n ang c ct bng lp vector
shape ngay bn di:

Vn ti lp Clipping Mask ny, cc bn nhn biu tng Layer
Styles bn di v chn Stroke:

Ca s Layer Style hin th, cc bn thay i thng s thit lp theo
hnh sau:

y c 3 la chn c thay i, u tin l mc Stroke Size c
tc dng to ng vin vi kch c nh vy bao quanh vng la
chn. Tip theo l Position chuyn thnh Inside nhng hiu
ng xut hin pha bn trong ng vin, thay i Color thnh
white mu vo khong trng ca ng vin:

Cng trong bng iu khin Layer Style ny, hy chn mc Drop
Shadow lu rng ch nhn vo dng ch Drop Shadow, khng
nh du vo check box bn cnh.

Vic ny s thay i la chn gia ca hp thoi Layer Style
t Stroke thnh Drop Shadow. Tip tc, cc bn thit
lp Opacity trong khong 50%, Angle thnh 130 v Distance - 10
pixels:

Tip theo, cc bn c th cn nhc vic s dng Free
Transform xoay gc hoc thay i kch thc ca ng vin
xung quanh nu mun. Nhn phm tt Ctrl + T
(Windows) hoc Command + T (Mac) bt u, nhn v gi
nt Shift trong khi thao tc gi nguyn t l ca khung hnh:

Khi cm thy va , nhn Enter (Windows) hoc Return (Mac)
p dng thay i ca qu trnh ny. Nu tm c gc xoay hp l
vi khung cnh xung quanh, bc nh s tr nn sng ng hn rt
nhiu. Tip theo l cng on phc tp, s dng cng
c Eyedropper ly mu trong vng nh nh:

V d nh ti y, chng ta s chn vng mu trn chic m bo
him:

Khi tin hnh ly mu mu th cc bn rng mu Foreground
color ca thanh cng c chuyn thnh mu xanh nc bin:

Chn lp Layer1 v nhn New Adjustment Layer trong bng iu
khin v chn tip Hue/Saturation:

Hp thoi Hue/Saturation hin th, cc bn nh du vo
Colorize:

Nhn OK p dng thay i, chng ta s thy hiu ng xut hin
trn bc nh nh sau:

Khi hon thnh bc ny c ngha l chng ta gn t c
mc ch, ch cn 1 bc na l p dng hiu ng Radial Blur vo
nh nn. Nhng trc , cc bn cn nhn i lp nh nn 1 ln
na, nhn Ctrl + J (Windows) hoc Command + J (Mac), i tn
lp va to thnh Radial Blur:

Tip theo, cc bn nhn Filter > Blur > Radial Blur, hp thoi
Radial Blur s hin th. Ti y, chng ta thit lp cc thng s k
thut nh sau: Blur Method Zoom, Quality Best, Amount
40, mc Blur Center ch nh hiu ng s xut pht t v tr no
trong vng chn:

Nhn OK, v kt qu ca chng ta ti bc ny s trng ging nh
sau:

Ty tng bc nh v thng s thit lp khc nhau, nh v d y,
chng ta c th d dng nhn ra hiu ng Blur hi qu nhiu, do
vy s cn thm 1 s thao tc ha trn vi lp Background. Rt n
gin, cc bn ch cn thay i thng s Opacity trong khong 60%
l va :

V y l kt qu ca chng ta sau khi hon tt ton b cc bc
hng dn trn:

7. To hiu ng phng to trong bc nh
Trong bi ny chng ti s hng dn cc bn mt s thao tc c
bn to hiu ng phng to vi bt k bc nh no. C th ti y,
chng ta s s dng b lc Radial Blur ca Photoshop, v mt s
th thut vi Layer Mask v Gradient Tool.
nh mu c s dng trong bi th nghim ca chng ta:

v kt qu t c sau khi p dng:

Trc tin, cc bn phi nhn i lp Layer gc ca bc nh,
nhng thao tc sau c p dng trn 1 lp ring bit. Chn
menu Layer v New > Layer via Copy, hoc s dng phm
tt Ctrl + J (Windows) / Command + J (Mac) trn bn phm:

Khi nhn vo bng iu khin chnh, chng ta s thy 2 Layer: mt
di (Layer gc) v Layer 1 (to mi) trn:

La chn Layer 1 v m menu Filter > Blur > Radial Blur:

Ca s iu khin Radial Blur ca Photoshop hin th vi 2 la
chn chnh trong phn Blur Method l Spin v Zoom. Ti y,
chng ta s s dng Zoom vi thng s Amount l 50 v Quality
Best:

Nhn OK p dng hiu ng v ng ca s ny li, chng ta s
c tc phm tm thi nh sau:

Ty thuc vo cu hnh my tnh v cc thit lp khc th qu trnh
p dng ny s din ra nhanh hoc chm
Nu cm thy cha hi lng vi kt qu ny, hy s dng chc
nng Undo Radial Blur trong mc Edit hoc nhn phm tt Ctrl +
Z (Windows) / Command + Z (Mac):

Sau , p dng li hiu ng trn bng t hp phm Ctrl + Alt + F
(Windows) hoc Command + Option + F (Mac), chn gi
tr Amount khc, thay i v tr trong Blur Center... thc hin cc
bc ny cho n khi bn cm thy va .
Tuy nhin, vn chnh khi chng ta s dng hiu ng ny l Blur
che ph ton b bc nh, khng thc s ph hp vi tng ca
bi th nghim. C th, ti y, chng ta cn lm r phn khun
mt ca em b, ch khng phi tt c khung cnh. Vn chn Layer
1, nhn vo biu tng Layer Mask di khay h thng:

Khi nhn vo bc nh chnh, mi ngi s khng thy hin tng g
xy ra. Nhng trong ca s iu khin chnh ca Layer, cc bn s
nhn thy 1 hnh ch nht mu trng bn cnh, l to thnh
cng lp Layer Mask:

Tip theo, la chn cng c Gradient Tool t bng Tools hoc
nhn nt G trn bn phm:

Sau , nhn chut phi trong Windows hoc Control + click (Mac)
ti bt c v tr no trn bc nh hin th bng Gradient Picker,
ti y cc bn chn phn Black to White (xp th 3 t tri sang
phi, hng trn cng):

lm hin th r phn khun mt, chng ta s phi ko chut t
phn gia ra bn ngoi. C th, y chic mi c chn lm
phn trung tm, t t ko chut t y ra bn ngoi bn tri (theo
hnh di):

Do thao tc ny c thc hin trn phn Layer Mask, do vy s
khng c s thay i no trn Layer 1. Thay vo , kt qu ny s
c hin th trc tip trn lp Layer Mask va to:

Mc d chng ta khng th nhn thy phn Gradient trong ca s
chnh, nhng li rt r rng qua Layer Mask. Phn din tch mu
en bn trong c n i, v cc thnh phn Gradient ny tr nn
sng hn v cc gc, cn ton b phn mu trng chnh l nhng g
chng ta ang nhn thy:

Trong trng hp hiu ng Blur ny qu mnh, hy gim
Opacity ca Layer 1 xung ti mc ph hp. C th ti y, chng
ti thay i v mc 70%:

V y l kt qu hon thin ca chng ta:

8. To hiu ng gn nc trong bc nh
Trong bi ny chng ta s cng nhau tm hiu v thc hnh nhng
bc c bn to bc nh vi mt nc ang chuyn ng v gn
sng. Thc cht, Photoshop c sn 1 s b lc to hiu ng
nh trn, nhng ngi s dng s khng th on c t tn ca
filter (khng phi Ripple hoc Ocean Ripple) nu khng tham
kho bi vit di y.

nh mu c s dng ti bi th nghim ny
V y l kt qu sau khi chng ta hon thnh:

Trc tin, chng ta s v 1 vng bt k trn bc nh, ni nhng
gn nc s xut hin. Chn cng c Elliptical Marquee Tool ti
thanh menu hoc nhn phm M 2 ln:

Sau , di chuyn vng la chn ny vo v tr ph hp ca bc
nh, ty tng i tng v cc thnh phn xut hin m chng ta s
c nhng s la chn khc nhau. V d ti y:

Gi nguyn vng la chn ny, cc bn nhn Ctrl + J
(Windows) hoc Command + J (Mac) 2 ln to 2 bn sao khc
nhau:

tip tc, chng ta cn tm n phn Layer trn cng ( y
l Layer 1 copy) bng cch nhn vo biu tng hnh con mt pha
bn tri:

V lm vic vi lp ngay bn di:


Tip tc, gi phm Ctrl (Windows) hoc Command (Mac) v
chn lp cn thao tc (ti y l Layer 1):

Qu trnh ny s to ra 1 vng chn la khc bao quanh phn chnh
ca Layer 1, ngha l vng la chn bn ngoi m cc bn va v
ti bc trn s xut hin tr li. L do ti sao chng ta li phi lm
nh th ny trc khi p dng hiu ng t filter l v nu lm ngc
li th Photoshop s p dng ton b hiu ng ln tt c cc lp v
nh gc:

V y l phn chnh ca qu trnh ny, l vic p dng hiu ng
sao cho hp l. to c hiu qu nh mun, chng ta cn s
dng filter c tn l ZigZag (khng phi l Ripple hoc Ocean
Ripple). Cc bn chn Filter > Distort > ZigZag trong danh sch
hin th:

B lc ny lm vic bng cch bin nhng chi tit trong vng la
chn thnh nhng gn sng nc. Ti phn di ca bng iu
khin l mc Style cc cch tng ng ty chnh hiu ng ca
Photoshop. C 3 la chn chnh: Around Center, Out From
Center v Pond Ripples (mc nh), tng ng vi l 3 hiu
ng khc nhau, v ph thuc v din tch ca vng la chn m
ngi s dng s a ra phng n p dng ph hp nht ca ring
h:

Phn iu khin Amount c tc dng thay i cng ca cc
gn nc s xut hin, trong khi thng s Ridges nh hng trc
tip n s lng ca gn nc. Hy ch v da vo cm gic,
trc quan ca ring mnh quyt nh phng n no l thch hp
hn c (hiu ng s khng c p dng tht s cho n khi bn
nhn nt OK). Trong bi th nghim ny, chng ti p dng
ZigZag 2 ln vi thng s Ridges 12,Amount 70 v Style l Pond
Ripples:

Nhn OK, v chng ta s c kt qu tng t nh sau:

Sau , chng ta s cho hin th li lp Layer trn cng ( y
l Layer 1 copy) tin hnh bc tip theo:

Ti y, chng ta s p dng b lc ZigZag li ln na. Nhn phm
tt Ctrl + Alt + F (Windows) hoc Command + Option + F
(Mac) s dng b filter va dng gn y nht. C th ln ny
vng p dng hiu ng s l phn trung tm ca vng nc va
to ra bc trn, do vy hy chuyn mc Style v Out From
Center, Ridges thnh 4 v Amount thnh 100:

Nhn OK p dng s thay i v ng ca s ZigZag. Chng ta
s c kt qu tng t nh hnh di y:

Sau , chn menu Select > Transform Selection:

Tnh nng Transform Selection ny tng t nh Free
Transform ca Photoshop ngoi tr qu trnh nh hng n vng
la chn bn ngoi. Gi Shift + Alt (Windows) hoc Shift +
Option (Mac) v chn phn gc trn bn tri ca vng la chn (c
dng hnh ch nht), sau ko dn vo pha trung tm bc nh cho
ti khi din tch cn khong 50 60% kch thc gc. Nhn Enter
(Windows) hoc Return (Mac) p dng s thay i:

Tip tc, chn menu Select > Inverse hoc s dng phm tt Shift
+ Ctrl + I (Windows) hoc Shift + Command + I (Mac):

Qu trnh ny s lm o ngc vng la chn, khi n bc ny,
chng ta nhn Backspace (Windows) hoc Delete (Mac) xa
ton b thnh phn xung quanh trung tm ca vng nc .
Nhn Ctrl + D (Windows) hoc Command + D (Mac) loi b
vng chn:

Tip theo, chn menu Layer > Merge Down hoc nhn phm
tt Ctrl + E (Windows) hoc Command + E (Mac):

V sau , chng ta s c 1 Layer mi va to:

Tuy nhin, vic p dng hiu ng ca b lc ZigZag pha trn
to ra nhng chi tit gn sng nc vi nhiu hnh rng ca, do vy
bc nh nhn s khng tht s t nhin. Hy lm mm nhng chi
tit ny bng Gaussian Blur (menu Filter > Blur > Gaussian
Blur):

Bng iu khin Gaussian Blur ca Photoshop hin th, iu chnh
gi tr ca Radius thnh 0.4:

Nhn OK, v bc nh s trng ging nh di y:

Ty vo tng bc nh v nhng chi tit c th, cc bn hy linh
hot trong vic to thm gn sng nc v p dng hiu ng
ZigZag sao cho tht s hiu qu. V di y l kt qu ca chng
ta sau khi thc hin qu trnh nh trn: