1 .

1)
2)
3) -
4)
5)
6) -

(1) (rest)
(2) - (excitation coupling)
(3) (contraction)
(4) (recharging)
(5) (relaxation)

2 .

1) (isometric contraction)
2) (isotonic contraction)
(concentric contraction)
(eccentric contraction)

3) (isokinetic contraction)

3 .

1) (muscle)
(1) (Striated Muscle)
(2) (Smooth Muscle)

2)
3)

- 1 -

( , )
(muscle) .
,
(energy converter) .
.
, , .

.
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
,
. , (, ,
) (visceral muscle) .

(voluntary muscle) ,
(involuntary muscle) .

1 .

1945 Huxley Hason

(sliding filament theory) . ,
(sarcomere)
.
(actomyosin) .

(rest),

(excitation

coupling),

(recharging), (relaxation) 5 .

- 2 -

(contraction),


. A , I , A
H (H zone) . A
(sliding) .
(sliding filament theory)
.

1)

(nervous system) (impulse)

.

. ,

.
.

. .
1 10 .
1 45 .
.
.
.
.
A-band I-band
. A-band H-zone .
,
.
.
. ATP
ADP Pi .

(motor endplate) ()
, () .
(T-tubules) .
(T) , ()
.
(Ca++) .

.

- 3 -

(cross bridge)
. , (ATP)
A (ATPADPPi
). , ATP . ATP
ATPase
( inding site)

TPADPP
A

TPase

TPase .
A Z
. , (sarco nere) .
. ,
(tendon)
(tension) .
A

3) -

(cross bridge cycling; )

. .
, A
. , ,
(cross bridge cycling) .
Z
ATP . (
) ATP .

4)

,
. ,

.
4-7 .
.
, , ,
. APT .
. ,

. ,
.

- 4 -



(
) , T .
T
.

( A band ) .
,
.
() .
ATP ADP P
, A band .
A

TPADPP
myosin A

TPase

.
(Ca) .

.
,
.

- 5 -

5)

TP, ATP

,
ATP . .
,
ATP , ,

. , 3(ATP)
2(ADP)
. ATP ATP-PC ,
.
ATP-PC , ,
. , ATP ADP P ,
PC( ) ADP P
ATP . , ATP ADP P
PC .
20 .
2-3
. ,
ATP . ATP-PC
.
.

1 38 ATP . ,
.

, .

6) (sliding filament theory)

,
.
.

.
. I A
. A
H . I Z
.

- 6 -

Z .

Ca++
ATP ,
. Z
,

. A ,

I .
ATP Ca++
.
.

(sliding filament theory) .

(1)

1.

3. Ca+2
4. () ATPase ATP (ATPADP + Pi + 7.3 kcal)
5.
2.

5
(1) 1

: (rest)

. ATP .
ATP- (CA++)
.
.

TP

(reticulum) .
- 7 -

: - (excitation coupling)
(sarcolemma)
(action potential) (acetylcholine) .
(T-tubules)
(CA++) . (troponin)
.

(2) 2

TP ATP ,

. -
, .
A

: (contraction)
ATPase . ATP ADP Pi
, (sarcomere)

. .
(3) 3

TP
.

A

- 8 -

: (recharging)
1
. .
.
ATP () . ATP
. , ATP
.
(4) 4

TP
.

(5) 5

: (relaxation)

.
. ATP ATP
. .

- 9 -

CA++

 :

. , , , , ,
.
(1) : . ATP
.
(2) : . ATP

.
.

: ATP .
.
(4) :
(3)

2 .

(satatic

(dynamic contraction)
. (isometric contraction)
contration)

(isotonic contraction) (isokinetic contraction) .

(concentric contraction) (eccentric
contraction) .

1) (isometric contraction)

, (iso) (metric) . ,
.

.

. (satatic contration) .

. (strain)
(rehabilitation) .

.

- 10 -

2) (isotonic contraction)

, ,

(dynamic contraction) .
, ,
. ,
(concentric contraction)

(eccentric contraction) .

(concentric contraction)

(dynamic contraction),

(concentric contraction).
. (isotonic contraction)

.
.
.
. 60%
0 , 120% .

.
.

.
10
0140. 180 29 .
. (weight training)
.
. -
1983 Hill ,
.
- 11 -

 . . Hill
0 2030%
.
.

.

.

(eccentric contraction)

.
.
. ,
.

,
(180) .
100140 .

- 12 -

3) (isokinetic contraction)

. ,
. (stroke)
.

.
.
.
(cybex), (orthotron), (mini-gym),
(nautilus) .
.
0 300
.
200 .
(torque) .

3 . ?
.
.
.
1/3 ,
actin myosin .

1)

, ,

.

.

.
.

- 13 -

(1)

.
.
.
epimysium, perimysium, endomysium (tendon)
.
, . Actin Myosin
actin I(isotropic) band, actin myosin A(anisotropic)
band I band Z-disk F-actin .
z-line . Myosin 4 light chanin 2 heavy chain
ATPase S1 subunit . Myosin heavy chain
alpha helix alpha helix thick filament .
myosin head 9 head . Myosin head
actin actin ATP . Myosin titin
nebulin .
Myosin head crossbrdige head
thick filament thin filament actin S2 subunit
. Thin filament F-actin alpha helix
myosin head binding site . binding site
tropomyosin filament myosin head .
tropomyosin troponin . troponin
tropomyosin myosin head site crossbridge .
Troponin TnI, TnC, TnT unit , myosin head ATPase
, , tropomyosin .
1) Fascicles : perimysium, endomysium,
2) Muscle fibers
myofibrils

sarcoplasmic reticulum

3) Myofi rils
sarcomere -

Z line

Filaments
Thick filaments - myosin, titin
Thin filaments - actin, tropomyosin, troponin

- nebulin, alpha-actinin
5) Banding pattern
I(isotropic) & A(anisotropic) bands
4)

H zone, M line

6)

Tubules
Transverse(T) tubule - voltage-sensitive dihydropyridine(DHP) receptor
SR - terminal cisternae(TC)
foot process, ryanodine receptors

- 14 -

* triad structure

+ T-tubule
Cardiac : T-tubule in Z-line
SM
: T-tubule in A-I zoint
2 terminal cisternae

(2)

. actin myosin
actin myosin actin
. Actin alpha-actinin
dense body . myosin
. myosin head crossbridge
phospholylation crossbrdige . myosin light
chain Myosin Light Chain Kinase(MLCK) .
1) fibers
no T-tubule

elongated, thin

2)

Filaments - no sarcomere
dense body (a-actinin)

3) proteins - lack troponin

2)

.
. . . .
.
. .
,
.
.
.
.

.
.
AYP .
ATP
.

- 15 -

3)

. ,
.
.

. .
.

- 16 -