:

( . )
.
.
1645 Leo Allatius .
De Graecorum hodie quorundam opinationibus vrykolakas /
.
vrykolakas
. 1657
Franc.ois Richard Relation de ce qui s'est passe a Saint-Erini Isle
( de I'Archipel ) .

vrykolakas .

.
1

 . (
) .
.
.

.
.

.
!
" "
.
.

.
! vrykolakas

 verkolak . 1
2 vlkoslak .

.
vrykolakas
3 Albigensian
. 4 .
" " .

.
. strigoaica( strigoi )
strix . 5 .

.
. Albigensian .
( ) Tuadhe d'Anu
. ( ) 35:1 :
.
6
" : " .
7 Vulgate
.
.1 ( ) .
.
.

( ) .
395 . .
.
.
. Baring-Gould, Sabine, The Book of Werewolves, ch. 8, p. 115.

. 3 .
. http://www.the-philosopher.co.uk/albigens.htm
. 4 elvesfairies . .
http://www.tolkiengateway.net
5
. Melton, J. Gordon, The Vampire Book, p. 626
6
. Isaiah 34:14 (King James Authorized Bible).
.
.
. 7: :( Vulgate)
.
. ( ) .
3

 Lamia .
. Lamia Lilith 8
9
.
34:14 " :
" 10 .
Lamia ( ) strix strigoaica .

/ vampire Tuadhe d'Anu .

vrykolakas Leo Allatius
nachtzehrers / night wasters .
!
nachtzehrers

. .
8

. Unterman, Alan, Dictionary of Jewish Lore and Legend, Thames & Hudson, London, 1991, under
'Lilith', p. 121. See also Encyclopaedia Judaica Decannial, Keter Publishing, London, 1996, under 'Lilith',
pp. 246-48.
9
. Patai, Raphael, The Hebrew Goddess, ch. 11, p. 221. Also see Lilith as the consort of Enki-Samael in
Gardner, Laurence, Genesis of the Grail Kings, ch. 11, p. 116.
11
. Patai, Raphael, The Hebrew Goddess, ch. 11, pp. 222-23.
4


11
.
" " .

. 12 .

.
/ blautsauger !

. nachtzehrer
/ blautsauger " "
13 . .


. 14
!
/ nachtzehrer / blautsauger
.

.

15
.


. .
16
.
11

. Barber, Paul, Vampires, Burial and Death, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1988, ch. 6, p. 42. See
also Barber, Elizabeth Wayland, The Mummies of Uriimchi, ch. 2, p. 31.
. 12 ( )

! .
. Melton, J. Gordon, The Vampire Book, pp. 283-84 and 288.

13

.14 )Andreas) : )
)(Prtokltos .
. .
30 . 10 2 .
.
. Barber, Paul, Vampires, Burial and Death, ch. 5, p. 33
. Melton, J. Gordon, The Vampire Book, p. 466

15
16

 .
.

! 1600
( De Masticatione Mortuorum ) Die Miraculis Mortuorum
( ) 1746 Dom Augustin Calmet
:
"
" . .
. .
. .

. Visum et
( Repertum 17 )

. 1723
. "
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.

!
1700 " "
Arnold Paole
. Michael Ranft
De Masticatione Mortuorum in Tumilis Liber 1728
.
1732 Dissertio de Cadauveribus Sanguiugis18 John Christian Stock
.
.
. Melton, J. Gordon, The Vampire Book, p. 466
. Melton, J. Gordon, The Vampire Book, p. 288.

16
18



.
. (
) 1755
. 1800

.
!

19

Der
Vampir 1748 . / Die Braut von Korinth 1797
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 20 .
" "
.

. 19 :
.
. .

.
.
. .
: . .
.
.
1794 .
: .

.
.
.
.
.
.
. .

.


. .
.20 . .
.
8


Bailey's Dictionary 1721 .
" " vamp " "
. " Bailey " . Christabel 1798
.
" " 1800 .
Thalaba Robert Southey 1800 .
Walker's Dictionary 1862 " " . "
" .
The Giaour 1813 .
1819
The Vampyre Ruthven
( 21 ) 1500 .
Byron-Polidori ( )
22 : .
21

. Barber, Paul, Vampires, Burial and Death, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1988, ch. 6, p. 42. See also Barber, Elizabeth
Wayland, The Mummies of Uriimchi, ch. 2, p. 31.

.22 1818 . . ( )1823

( )1826 - :

" ".
1835 .
9

 Ruthven
1800 .
James R. Planche Oberon - The Elf
King's Oath Planche .
. 1820 " " " " .
" " .
Polidori . Der Vampyre
1829 . 1841
Upyr (
) Le Vampire .
Varney the Vampire
1840 23 Penny Dreadful .
James MalcolmRymers
( ) .
. .

. Penny Dreadful 0481

.
.
. 23
.
11

 .
.
24 . .
! .
Varney
" " Flora Bannerworth
Varney .

. Varney

.
1872 J.sheridan le Fanu Carmilla .
Carmilla.

. 1897 Joseph Rudyard
Kipling " " .
1764 Horace Walpole (
) : .
.
. . Northanger
Abbey Wuthering Heights Jane Eyre .
.
:
The Italian The Mysteries of Udolpho The Monk . Vathek
. . 1897 .
" " . 25
.
. Barber, Paul, Vampires, Burial and Death, Intro, p. 2.

24

. 25 .
.
. .
. .

.
. .
11

 .
Comte George de Buffon . Jardin (
/ du Roi / ) . " " " 1765 " . 1778
.
Buffon
26 . treatise Dom Augustin Calmet.
"
" .
) (The Evening Mail .
(Henry Irving) .
1878 Florence Balcome( ( )Oscar Wild .
)Lyceum Theater( . 27
. .
( )James McNeil Whistler ( )ir. Arthur Conan Doyle .
.
.
( )Count Dracula 1897 .
.
( )epistolary novel .
. )Nosferatu(
1922 .1992
.
.
. Melton, J. Gordon, The Vampire Book, Foreword, p. xi

12

26

 .
.
.
.
.
.
Stukeley 1888
.
.
.
.
27
.
1927
.

. " " 1927 .
Blew Lugosi
. Lugosi
1931
.

. Ibid, p. 11

13

26

|28
.

.

.

. .
. /2011 1390
25 .
26 400 1383/2004 . :
.1900 .
9
.

.28 .
14

 .
.
.
40 .
.
.
. .
.
. .
2004 .

.
.

.
.
1796 .
. .
.

. 1960
( )1960 ( )1967
1364/1985
.

. .

.
1900 . .
.
.
. .
. 1994
.
15

 . 12000

.
.
.

.
Battle Orders .

. .

.
.
.

.
.
.
16


.
.


. .

.


.
.
.
.


.
. .

.
.


. .
1672 .
IHS .
( )
.
. .
.
.

16



.
.
.
.

.
.


1936 . 1353/1974
. 1845

.
1267/1888
1276/1897 1922
.
.
( )1351/1972 .
. .

1267/1888 1221/1842 .
.
.

. .
N. Vivario-Plomdeur
Arquebusier Du Roi Gunmaker to the King .

1849 .
18

 .
. .

.

1307/1928 : .
1974 .
.
Vampire$ . .

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1970 1980 . 1373/1994
. .
1980 .
House of Swords and Militaria 1365/1986 .
1371/1992
. Guns &Ammo 1368/1989.
1335/1956
.
2005
1351/1972 .
.
.
.
. .
.
19


. 6 .
(Jack
) the Ripper . .

. . .
.
.
.
:

21