1

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA THNH PH H CH MINH

KHOA K THUT HA HC
B MN CNG NGH THC PHM



BI TP MN HA HC THC PHM

CHT BO DNG TRANS

Gio vin hng dn: ThS. TN N MINH NGUYT
Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Th Anh Thu
Tiu T Uyn



TP. H CH MI NH, 11/2013


2



TRNG I HC BCH KHOA THNH PH H CH MINH
KHOA K THUT HA HC
B MN CNG NGH THC PHM



BI TP MN HA HC THC PHM

CHT BO DNG TRANS

Gio vin hng dn: ThS. TN N MINH NGUYT
Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Th Anh Thu
Tiu T Uyn



TP. H CH MI NH, 11/2013


3

MC LC
I.GII THIU CHUNG...6
II.TNG QUAN V CHT BO.....7
2.1 nh ngha cht bo......7
2.2 Phn loi cht bo.7
2.2.1 Cht bo bo ho7
2.2.2 Cht bo khng bo ho.....8
2.2.3 Cht bo chuyn ho (trans fat).9
2.3. nh gi cht lng cht bo...9
III. S PHN B CA TRANS FAT......11
3.1 Trong t nhin......11
3.2 Trong cng nghip ch bin thc phm...11
IV.S HNH THNH TRANS FAT12
4.1 Trong t nhin..12
4.2 Trong cng nghip...12
4.2.1 Qu trnh hidro ho khng hon ton du thc vt..12
4.2.1.1 Lch s...12
4.2.1.2 C ch13
4.2.2 Qu trnh tinh luyn du canola, du c,..15
4.2.3 Sn phm chin qua du nhiu ln15
V. NH HNG CA TRANS FAT N SC KHO15
VI. GIM THIU TRANS FAT TRONG SN XUT V I SNG16
6.1. Trong sn xut.16
6.2 Trong i sng.17
VII. QUY NH V TRANS FAT TI CC NC TRN TH GII17
TI LIU THAM KHO.20

4


PH LC HNH
Hnh II.1 Cng thc ho hc ca cht bo.
Hnh II.2. Cng thc ho hc ca tristearin
Hnh II.3. Cng thc ho hc ca Triolein
Hnh II.4 Cng thc ho hc ca Trilinolein
Hnh II.5. Cu hnh cis v trans
Hnh III.1 Sa ng vt
Hnh III.2 M ng vt
Hnh III.1 Trans fat c trong cc n chin, rn, snack,bnh quy
Hnh IV.1 Wilhelm Normann
Hnh IV.2 Qu trnh hidro ho acid linoleic
Hnh V.1 Mch mu b x va

5

PH LC BNG
Bng II.1. Phn trm cht bo bo ho, khng bo ho n, khng bo ho a trong cc loi thc
phm
Bng VI.1 Mt s cht thay th cht bo hidro ho
Bng VI.2 Lng trans fat an ton 1 ngi hp th ti a trong mt ngy

6

I.GII THIU CHUNG
T u th k XX, vi s ra i ca phng php hidro ho cht bo cha no (hidrogenation),
ngi ta to ra mt kiu cht bo mi: cht bo hidro ho. Cht bo hidro ho (magarine hay
shortening) c nhiu u im nh gi c mi v lu, tng thi gian bo qun, d vn chuyn
v gi r tr thnh mt nguyn liu ht sc quan trng trong cng nghip ch bin thc phm,
c bit l phn khc sn xut bnh ko.
Tuy nhin, t gia th k XX, nhiu nghin cu cho thy, cht bo hidro ho gp phn lm
tng nguy c cc bnh tim mch. Ngi ta cng ch ra rng, nguyn nhn chnh l cht bo
dng trans (trans fat) c trong cc loi cht bo hidro ho, c hnh thnh trong qu trnh hidro
ho cht bo cha no.
Cht bo dng trans (trans fat) hay cn gi l cht bo chuyn ho gy hi n sc kho con
ngi hn bt k loi cht bo no khc. Cht bo bo ho, c ch yu trong m ng vt, ngy
trc c xem l c hi bc nht v n lm tng hm lng LDL (tng nguy c b x v ng
mch). Hin nay, cht bo dng trans gy nh hng xu ln c th nhiu hn c cht bo bo
ho, v n tng hm lng LDL ng thi h hm lng HDL.
Bi tiu lun ny s phn no cung cp thng tin v trans fat loi cht bo nguy him nht hin
nay trn cc kha cnh cu trc, s hnh thnh, khuyn co ca cc c quan y t v lng trans
fat ti a c th hp th cho 1 ngi trong 1 ngy,
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II.TNG QUAN V CHT BO
2.1 nh ngha:
Cht bo l hp cht hu c ph bin trong t nhin v trong c th ng, thc vt v vi
sinh vt. ngi v ng vt, cht bo phn b ch yu cc m m di da, c, sa, thc
vt, cht bo ch yu c cy, ht c du ( u nnh, u phng.). Tn gi Lipid (bt ngun
t ch Hy Lp Lipos: m) dng ch chung cc loi m, du v cc loi cht bo ng v
thc vt.
Cht bo hay cn gi lipid thng l cc triglyceride (ester ca acid bo vi glycerol) c
tnh cht chung l khng tan trong nc v tan trong cc dung mi khng phn cc nh Alcohol,
Ether, Benzene. Cht bo khng bay hi nhit thng v c nht cao.
Cng thc ho hc ca cht bo:

Glycerol Acid bo Triglyceride (cht bo)
Hnh II.1 Cng thc ho hc ca cht bo. Ngun: www.visionlearning.com
Trong R, R v R l nhng chui hidrocarbon ca acid bo. Ba axit bo khng nht
thit phi ging nhau
2.2 Phn loi:
2.2.1 Cht bo bo ha
Cht bo bo ho l triglyceride ca acid bo no. Acid bo no l cc acid bo khng c
lin kt i C=C, ng c nhit bnh thng.
V d: Tristearin
8


Hnh II.2. Cng thc ho hc ca tristearin. Ngun http://users.rcn.com
2.2.2 Cht bo khng bo ha.
Cht bo khng bo ho l triglyceride ca acid bo khng no. Acid bo khng no l cc
acid bo c cha ni i. Mt ni i tng ng vi mt 01 cp hydro. Hu ht cht bo khng
bo ho dng lng nhit phng. Cht bo khng bo ha chia ra hai loi:
- Cht bo khng bo ha n: ch c 01 ni i
V d: Triolein c trong du olive

Hnh II.3. Cng thc ho hc ca Triolein. Ngun: www.medicinescomplete.com
- Cht bo khng bo ha a: c t 02 ni i tr ln.
V d: Trilinolein
9


Hnh II.4 Cng thc ho hc ca Trilinolein. Ngun: http://users.rcn.com
2.2.3 Cht bo chuyn ha (trans fat)
Cht bo chuyn ho (trans fat) l cht bo c acid bo l cc acid bo khng bo ho
dng trans. Trans fat c nhiu cht bo hidro ho khng hon ton (magarine, shortening v
cc sn phm c 2 loi ny). Cht bo c cha nhiu acid bo bo ho th t b oxy ho hn nn
thi gian tn tr lu hn. Li dng u im ny cc nh sn xut lm tng bo ho ca du
bng phng php hidro ho du thc vt. Qu trnh ny sinh ra nhiu trans fat rt c hi n sc
kho.Trans fat c hi do n lm tng nng cholesterol xu (LDL) v gim lng cholesterol
tt (HDL) .
Trans fat nhit phng thng dng rn Cu hnh trans khin mch hidrocarbon
dui thng, cc phn t d xch li gn, to lin kt mnh hn v tn ti dng rn.

Hnh II.5. Cu hnh cis v trans. Ngun: http://users.rcn.com
2.3 nh gi cht lng cht bo:
Cht bo c nh gi tt hay khng tt cn c t nhiu kha cnh khc nhau:
_Chiu di chui carbon: Trong cu trc phn t cht bo, chui carbon cng di cng
nh hng xu n sc kho. Acid bo c chui t 14-24 C gi l chui di, 8-12 C gi l chui
trung bnh, 2-6 C gi l chui ngn. Acid bo chui di khi n vo ngoi vic cung cp nng
10

lng cn d tr trong c th, lu ngy gy nn tnh trng x va ng mch. Acid bo chui
trung bnh v ngn ch c vai tr cung cp nng lng. Cht bo c ngun gc ng vt a s l
chui di.
_ bo ho:
Cht bo thc vt bo ho, khng bo ho n ni chung l tt. Du olive c xem l
tt v cha nhiu cht bo khng bo ho n. Du da cha nhiu cht bo bo ho.
Cht bo khng bo ho a vn l loi cht bo c xem l tt nhng khng bng cht
bo bo ho n v cha nhiu ni i, y l ni lin kt yu nn d b oxy ho v hnh thnh
gc t do. hn ch yu im ny, nn bo qun du n bng nhng chai l sm mu, hn ch
tip xc nh sng, khng nn dng du qua chin xo, tt nht l bo qun trong t lnh.
Cc loi du c mt trn th trng hin nay c xem l tt nh du olive, du canola,
du bp, du u nnh, du hoa hng dng v du m. Cc loi cht bo c ngun gc thc
vt c coi l xu nh th heo, nhng acid bo trong c l tt v cha nhiu omega 3, omega 6
l 02 loi acid bo thit yu c th. Hai loi acid bo ny cng c nhiu trong cc loi du thc
vt.
Omega-3 tt cho tim mch do tnh khng vim, lm gim p huyt, lm gim nng
triglycerides, kch thch sn sinh nitric oxide ni mc, tng hp prostaglandin gip lu thng
mch mu. Omega-6 cng ngn nga cc bnh tim mch bng cch lm gim cholesterol v
triglyceride. Nhng n qu nhiu s lm gia tng s gi nc trong c th gy tng huyt p. Do
vy cn bng t l gia Omega-6 v Omega-3 tiu th l rt quan trng.
Khng c loi cht bo no ch c cha mt loi acid bo bo ha hay khng bo ha.
Tt c cc cht bo ng vt v du t nhin u bao gm hn hp ca c ba loi acid bo: bo
ho, khng bo ho n v khng bo ho a.
Cht bo Bo ho (%) Khng bo ho n (%) Khng bo ho a (%)
M heo 41 47 12
M g 31 47 22
M b 52 44 4
Du da 92 6 2
Du olive 14 77 9
Du bp 13 25 62
Du u nnh 15 22 61
Bng II.1. Phn trm cht bo bo ho, khng bo ho n, khng bo ho a trong cc
loi thc phm. Ngun
American Heart Association (AHA) khuyn co:
11

Tng s cht bo n vo trong mt ngy khng nn vt qu gii hn 30% ca nhu cu
nng lng 2000 calories/ngy (mi gam cho 9 calories)
- 1/2 s cht bo phi l cht bo khng bo ha
- 1/4 l cht bo khng bo ha a.
- 1/4 cn li l cht bo bo ha
III. S PHN B CA TRANS FAT
3.1 Trong t nhin
Trans fat c sn trong thc phm thin nhin nh trong sa, m ca ng vt n c (b,
cu) vi hm lng khng cao, ch khong 2-5% so vi cht bo ton phn.

Hnh III.1 Sa ng vt Hnh III.2 M ng vt

3.2 Trong cng nghip ch bin thc phm
Trans fat ch yu hnh thnh trong qu trnh hidro ho du thc vt khng hon ton. V
nhiu u im, cht bo hidro ho thng dng trong cng ngh thc phm ch bin sn nh
thc n nhanh fast food (g rn, khoai ty chin), thc n chi (snack, bnh quy, bnh cake,
ko). Dng cht bo hidro ho gip cho thc phm thm ngon, bt mt hn v gi c lu.
Hm lng trans fat trong cc loi thc phm trn rt cao, ln n 45% cht bo ton phn.

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Hnh III.1 Trans fat c trong cc n chin, rn, snack,bnh quy... Ngun:
Ti cc nc u-M, ni trans fat c cnh bo t nhiu nm nay, ngi ta cng lit k
hng lot n thc ung c nguy c cha trans fat. Chng hn, trang ch
www.medicinenet.com lit k su loi thc phm in hnh c cha trans fat l bnh quy, bnh
quy gin, cc rn, khoai ty chin, bnh rn, v b thc vt.
Khng dng , ngi ta cn lit k nhiu n khc na thuc nhm nguy c cao
cha trans fat nh kem (icing), loi dng bt nho thng ph ln bnh ga t hoc cc loi bnh,
n nh ng gi (packaged snack foods), bng ng (microwave popcorn), chocolate,
patisserie, m gi, bnh trung thu. Thm ch nhng thi cm ngt (nutri bars) m qung co ni
l rt b dng cng c cha trans fat.
Tm li, cc sn phm sn xut theo li cng nghip, bn cc tim hoc nh hng, cc
loi thc phm ng gi, hu nh u cha trans fat, ch khng ch gii hn sn phm b thc
vt.
IV. S HNH THNH TRANS FAT
4.1 Trong t nhin:
Trong t nhin, trans fat tn ti vi lng nh trong c th cc loi ng vt n c nh
b, cu, nai, V vy, tht v sa ca cc loi ng ny c tn ti trans fat, vi hm lng t 2
n 5% tng lng cht bo. Trans fat trong t nhin c hnh thnh ch yu trong qu trnh
hidro ho (hidrogenation) cht bo cha no xy ra trong d dy nhng loi ng vt ny nh cc
loi vi khun.
4.2 Nhn to:
4.2.1 Qu trnh hidro ho khng hon ton du thc vt
Phn ln lng trans fat chng ta hp th hin nay c sn xut t qu trnh hidro ho
khng hon ton du thc vt trong cng nghp.
4.2.1.1 Lch s
u th k XX, Wilhelm Normann tm ra phn ng hidro ho cht bo cha no (lng)
thnh cht bo no (rn) vo nm 1901.

Hnh IV.1 Wilhelm Normann. Ngun: http://en.wikipedia.org
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Ngi ta cho sc kh hidrogen qua du (cht bo cha no) vi xc tc nickel ti iu kin
thch hp to ra cht bo bo ho. Sn phm ca phn ng hidro ho s c trn vi sa, cc
cht ph gia to thnh magarine hoc shortening vi hm lng cht bo t 10-90%.
Magarine v shortening khc bit ch shortening c nhiu monogliceride hn, v shortening
dng c (semi solid), magarine dng rn (solid).
Phn ng hidro ho cht bo sm c quan tm v n to ra sn phm magarine v
shortening (cht bo hidro ho) c nhiu u im hn b (cht bo no truyn thng) v du (cht
bo cha no). Cht bo hidro ho c nhit nng chy cao hn du v b, v vy n c th tn
ti dng rn trong nhit phng. iu gip cht bo hidro ho d vn chuyn v kh b h
cng nh chy nho. Cht bo hidro ho khng b phn hu thnh cc cht khc d c dng
chin thc n nhiu ln. Cha k, s dng cht bo hidro ho trong ch bin thc phm cn gip
sn phm lu hn, mi v ngon hn. So vi b, cht bo hidro ho c gi thnh r hn. V v
sn xut t du thc vt (cht bo cha no), ngi ta tng lm rng s dng cht bo hidro ho
s trnh c nhng him ho v sc kho nh khi s dng cht bo no t ng vt.
Magarine v shortening c sn xut rng ri, thay th cht bo truyn thng trong sn
xut bnh, chin xo, thay th c b n vi bnh m.
4.2.2.2. C ch:
Trans fat l sn phm ph khng mong mun ca qu trnh hidro ho khng hon ton
cht bo cha no. Trong cng nghip, ngi ta tp trung to ra sn phm cht bo c t ni i
nht tin cho vn kinh t, v vy, cht bo thng c hidro ho khng ton ton, cn ln
nhiu ni i C=C.
Cht bo c dng hidro ho l cht bo khng no (cht bo thc vt) trong t nhin
dng cis.
C ch hnh thnh trans fat l mt phn ng ph ca phn ng hidro ho cht bo.
14


Hnh IV.2 Qu trnh hidro ho acid linoleic (9c,12c-octadecadienoic acid, c,c-D) D vit
tt cho dienes (2 ni i), M vit tt cho monoenes (1 ni i) Ngun: http://lipidlibrary.aocs.org
u tin, 1 nguyn t H s gn vo ni i C=C (giai on 4). Khi , ni i ang
trng thi half-hidrogenate intermediate v nguyn t H c th gi nguyn dng cis (giai on
10). Tip theo, 1 nguyn t H na s gn vo ni i half-hidrogenate intermediate to thnh
lin kt n C-C (giai on 12). Tng t vi ni i cn li. Khi qu trnh hidro ho xy ra
hon ton, ta s c acid stearic (giai on 16).
Tuy nhin, khi ni i trng thi half-hidrogenate intermediate, nguyn t H c th tch
ra khi ni i v dn n chuyn ni i C=C dng cis thnh dng trans do dng trans c th
nng thp hn (giai on 5). Tng t vi ni i cn li v ta s c c,c D tr thnh t,t - D.
Nu qu trnh hidro ho hon ton, ta vn thu c acid stearic (giai on 16).
Qu trnh to trans fat cn ph thuc vo mt nguyn t H. Mt H cao th d to ra
cht bo bo ho. Khi mt H thp, nguyn t H ni i half-hidrogenate intermediate d
tch ra to C=C dng trans. Trong qu trnh hidro ho, ni i ca cht bo gn vo cht xc tc
ch nguyn t H n hidro ho. V vy, thng thng cht bo dng trans dng monoene.
Lng trans fat to ra c th gim xung nu ta to iu kin phn ng thch hp cho qu trnh
hidro ho hon ton, tc l lm tng mt H bng cch tng p sut hoc gim nhit phn
ng.
United States Department of Agriculture th nghim hidro ho cht bo ti 2 iu kin
khc nhau. Th nghim 1 h thc hin vi p sut 1400kPa trong nhit 140 n 170 0C. Th
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nghim 2 h thc hin hidro ho cht bo trong iu kin thng thng vi p sut 140kPa. Kt
qu cho thy, khi tng p sut, lng trans fat sinh ra ch cn 17% tng lng cht bo so vi
40% khi lm vi iu kin thng thng.
Mt H cn nh hng bi cht xc tc. Cht xc tc khch thch to trans (trans-
promoter) hoc nhim sulphur c mt vng hot ng (surface concentration of active sites)
thp, khin cho mt H thp.
4.2.2 Qu trnh tinh luyn du canola, du c,
Du tinh luyn u phi tri qua qu trnh kh mi (deodorisation process). Qu trnh
kh mi thng tin hnh nhit cao, c th khin du phn hu thnh cht khc hoc bin
i t dng cis thnh trans (vi lng nh).
4.2.3 Sn phm chin trong du nhiu ln
a s sn phm c chin qua du chin nhiu ln u c trans fat. Tuy nhin, khi chin
trong du nhit cao, mt s lng nh trans fat c hnh thnh (0.2-1% tng lng cht
bo). Cc sn phm chin trong du hu ht c lng trans fat cao l do du dng chin c
cha trans fat, hoc cc sn phm c chin chung vi nhng sn phm c cha trans fat.
V. NH HNG CA TRANS FAT N SC KHO
Trc khi bit n tc hi ca trans fat, ngi ta bit tc hi ca cht bo no, c bit
l cht bo ng vt. Khi mi c tm ra, ngi ta ngh rng cht bo hidro ho nh magarine
v shortening c ngun gc t cht bo khng no nn khng c gy hi cho sc kho ngi tiu
dng. Tri qua vi thp k, qua nhiu nghin cu, ngi ta pht hin ra trans fat c tc hi ln
hn c cht bo no.
Cht bo do c tnh cht khng tan trong nc nn bn thn n khng tan trong mu.
vn chuyn cht bo n cc t bo, cht bo c gi li trong cc lipoprotein. C 2 loi
lipoprotein l HDL (High density lipoprotein) v LDL (Low density lipoprotein). LDL ph trch
vn chuyn cht bo t gan i n cc t bo, HDL vn chuyn cht bo t khp c th v gan
loi b. T l LDL/HDL trong mu cao dn n x va thnh mch, khin mch mu b hp li,
tng nguy c v thnh mch, lm nguyn nhn ca t qu, tai bin mch mu no.
Cht bo no gy nh hng xu n c th ng vt v n lm tng lng LDL. Cht bo
dng trans lm tng LDL ln lm gim HDL. V vy, s dng nhiu cht bo dng trans lin
quan trc tip n vic gia tng s ngi mc cc bnh tim mch nh x va ng mch, t
qu,
16


Hnh V.1 Mch mu b x va. Ngun: http://en.wikipedia.org
Nghin cu cho thy nu tng lng trans fat tiu th ln 1%, LDL tng ln +0.040
mmol/L. Kho st 140 000 tnh nguyn vin, khi tng lng trans fat tiu th ln 2%, nguy c b
cc bnh tim mch tng 23%.
Ngoi ra, cc nghin cu cho thy trans fat cn nh hng n cc hot ng khc ca c
th. Trans fat kh phn hu nn lm gim h min dch. Trans fat cn ngn cn hot ng to ra
insulin khin tng nguy c b bnh tiu ng.
VI. GIM THIU TRANS FAT TRONG SN XUT V I SNG
6.1 Gim thiu trans fat trong sn xut:
Thay th cht bo hidro ho khng hon ton bng cc cht khc:
Tn cht thay th u im Nhc im
B v m ng vt dng rn Giu cholesterol v cht
bo no
Du c v da dng rn, gip tng HDL Khng tt nh du thc
vt (lng)
Du hidro ho hon ton Gi r, khi trn vi du
thc vt c th thay th
cho magarine

Du thc vt Khng gy hi cho sc
kho
Dng lng, d h hng
Cht bo thay th (Z Trim/Oatrim) V cht bo nhng thc
cht l cht x

Bng VI.1 Mt s cht thay th cht bo hidro ho
17

6.2 Gim thiu trans fat trong gia nh:
6.2.1 Chn mua sn phm thng minh
Chn mua nhng sn phm c nhn trans fat free hoc c lng trans fat di 5%. Lu
theo FDA, cc sn phm trans fat free c ngha c lng trans fat di 0.5g / khu phn.
Cng thc tnh lng trans fat cho sn phm:
trans fat (g) total fat (g) x 100 = % trans fat of the total fat content
6.2.2 T tnh ton lng trans fat an ton c th hp th trong mt ngy:
Theo FDA, trong mt ngy, lng trans fat mt ngi c th hp th ti a l khng qu
1% tng calories.
1 gam cht bo tng ng 9 cal, tu vo lng calories trung bnh mt ngy mt ngi
trung bnh np vo c th, ta c:
Tng calories 1% tng calories Lng trans fat ti a
2000 20 Khong 2gram
1500 15 Khong 1,5 gram
1200 12 Khong 1 gram
Bng VI.2 Lng trans fat an ton 1 ngi hp th ti a trong mt ngy. Ngun:
http://www.webmd.com
VII. QUY NH V TRANS FAT TI CC NC TRN TH GII
7.1 Quc t:
Thng mi quc t trong thc phm l tiu chun trong Codex Alimentarius. Cc loi
du hydro ha v cht bo thuc phm vi ca Codex Stan 19.
Cho php s dng cht bo trans t nhin (axit vaccenic v axit linoleic lin hp ) trong
c mt c bit l trong sa m, cc sn phm sa v tht b.
7.2 Vit Nam
Vit Nam cha c quy nh c th v hm lng trans fat trong thc phm m ch
dng mc khuyn co.
i vi thc phm sn xut trong nc th cha c quy nh bt buc ghi hm lng
trans fat trn nhn, nn ngi tiu dng khng th nhn din c. Tuy nhin, ngi tiu dng
c th tham kho hm lng trans fat ca mt s mt hng thc phm ch bin sn lit k di
y hn ch s dng.
18


7.3 Canada
K t thng 12 nm 2005, B Y T Canada yu cu rng nhn thc phm lit k lng
cht bo trans trong phn dinh dng cho hu ht cc loi thc phm. Sn phm c t hn 0,2
gram cht bo trans trong khu phn c th c gn nhn l khng c cht bo trans (s lng
cht bo trans trn nhn bao gm t nhin cht bo trans t cc ngun ng vt).
Canada khuyn co gii hn 5% cht bo trans trong tt c cc sn phm bn cho ngi
tiu dng Canada.
Vo ngy 01 thng 1 nm 2008, Calgary tr thnh thnh ph u tin Canada cm cht
bo trans t cc nh hng v chui thc n nhanh. Cht bo chuyn ha c trong du n c th
khng vt qu 2% tng hm lng cht bo.
7.4 an Mch
an Mch tr thnh quc gia u tin gii thiu lut quy nh vic bn thc phm c
cha cht bo trans vo thng 3 nm 2003.
Gii hn l 2% cht bo trongdu phc v tiu dng ca con ngi l trans fat.
7.5 Vng quc Anh
Tp on bn l ca Anh thng bo rng cc nh bn l ln khp nc Anh, bao gm c
Asda, Boots, Co-op, Iceland, Marks and Spencer, Sainsbury, Tesco v Waitrose c nh chm
dt thm axit bo dng trans vo sn phm ca mnh vo cui nm 2007 .
Sainsbury tr thnh nh bn l ln u tin ca Anh cm tt c cc cht bo chuyn
ha t tt c cc loi thc phm thng hiu ring ca h.
7.6 Hoa K
Vo ngy 25 thng 7 nm 2008, California tr thnh tiu bang u tin cm cht bo
dng trans trong nh hng.
19

Thc phm Hoa K v Cc Qun l dc yu cu thc phm i hi phi c bao b thc
phm r rng trn cc thnh phn. Nh nghin cu nhiu hn v nhiu hn na cp n cht
bo trans khng lnh mnh, mt s nh sn xut thc phm nh Kraft, KFC v cc vn khc
lin quan n vic s dng cc cht bo trans trong v kin, trong nhng nm gn y



20

TI LIU THAM KHO:
1.Ti liu ca Hi KHKT An ton Thc phm Vit Nam
2. Trung tm Khoa hc thc phm v dinh dng ng dng ANFOS
3. Christian Moussard, sinh ha cu trc v chuyn ha, Oxford, 2006, trang 187
4. Sidhu D, Naugler C, thi gian v mc lipid lc i trong dn da vo cng ng [archive] ,
Arch Intern Med, 2012
5. http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/transfats/
6. http://www.restricttransfat.ca/frying.html
7. http://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/fda-gets-with-the-evidence-proposes-that-trans-fats-are-
not-safe-201311086854
8. http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/psychology/health_psychology/Transfat.htm
9. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/trans-fat/
10. http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/558hydrogenation.html
11. http://www.westonaprice.org/know-your-fats/trans-fatty-acids-are-not-formed-by-heating-
vegetable-oils
12. http://lipidlibrary.aocs.org/processing/hydrog-mech/index.htm