MATEM

www.matematickiforum.com
, 2013.

j
1

14

j j

18

27

1. j

j,

j. :

P L, P N, L N, P N0 , P {x | x N u x > 7}, (N N0 ) \ P .
P L = , P N = P , L N = L, P N0 = N0 ,
P {x | x N u x > 7} = {8, 10, 12, . . .}, (N N0 ) \ P = L.
.

A, B , C

2. j j

D.

j?

C
D

j j

j .

((A D) \ B) ((C D) \ B)
j j
.

x, A (B C)
A = {1, 2, x}, B = {1, 4, 5, 6} C = {2, 5, 6}.

3. j

. j

B C = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6}

x = 4, x = 5

x = 6.

4. j

13}?
3

A = {x|x N0 u 5 < x + 3

A = {x|x N0 u 5 < x + 3 13} = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}.

j j - j

4 13 = 52.

A B j A B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, A \ B =
{1, 3, 6} A B = {2},
P(A).

5.

A = {1, 2, 3, 6}

B = {2, 4, 5}.

j:

P(A) = {, {1}, {2}, {3}, {6}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {1, 6}, {2, 3}, {2, 6}, {3, 6},
{1, 2, 3}, {1, 2, 6}, {1, 3, 6}, {2, 3, 6}, A}
6.

(20132013 : 33) : 61 20132013 : 2013 + 20132013 : 671

A = {a | a N u 5666 < a < 6555}?

. j
.

7.

30003.

A j 2860.

j j .

B.

.
j:

j j 2860

2860 = 2 2 5 11 13.

A = {2, 5, 11, 13}.

2 5 = 10, 2 11 = 22,
2 13 = 26, 5 11 = 55, 5 13 = 65, 11 13 = 143. , j
j 6 B = {10, 22, 26, 55, 65, 143}.

j
1.

A j 2860.

j j .

B.

j 2860 ,

j:

2860 = 2 2 5 11 13
, j :

A = {2, 5, 11, 13}

2 5 = 10, 2 11 = 22,
2 13 = 26, 5 11 = 55, 5 13 = 65, 11 13 = 143. , j

j j j 6

B = {10, 22, 26, 55, 65, 143}

2. 3, 4, 5, 8 j, j
j, j 3.

j j

3, j :

1
2

3, 4 5 ( j 12)
3, 4 8 ( j 15)

j:

345, 354, 435, 453, 534, 543, 348, 384, 438, 483, 834, 843.

, j 12, j .

3. j j j

60cm, 60cm

40cm

j .

 j
j?

j j:

60 60 40 = 144000 cm3
1 dm3 10 10 10 = 1000 cm3 j j
144000 cm = 144 dm3 = 144 , j 1 dm3
j . j : 144 :
3 = 48 , 48 .

4. j j 16.
j j?

j j

a+b
.
2

j . j,
,

n1 , n2 , ..., n8 N
j j.
:

n1 + n2 + ... + n8
= 16
8
j j j j

n1 + n2 + ... + n8 = 8 16 = 126.

j, j

n8

j , j 7 j
. j
j 1 7. j

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 = 28
j j

126 28 = 98.

5. j j 2011 j
j j j j 18.

.
.

j 18 j 2 9 -

j, ,
j, 9. j j

x2011y
,

x+2+0+1+1+y
9. , , j

x = 1? A
y = 4

j j , j j
je

x=1

j j 5,

j j . , j 120114
j j j j j 18 j j
.

6. j j j

32048.

j j j

j ?

, j 32048
:

32048 = 2 2 2 2 2003
j 2, 2, 2, 2 2003 , j 2011.

7. J j 43 32 j.

j j J
j ?

43 + 32 = 75

j.

j j j
:

(75 11) : 2
7

 j j!

j j j

J j !

(75 11) : 2

j,
j -
-, , j j j
. j ,
.

8. j 56 j 35.

j 7?

j j

x.

j:

x : 56 = q(35)
j

x = 56 q + 35
j 56 35 7, j 7

56 q + 35,

j : !

9. j j j j j
2010.

, j je

, j 2010 :

2010 = 2 3 5 67
j j j j 2010,
5, j

2010 5 = 2 3 5 67 5 = 10050

 4?

8040

a j j.

2010 4 =

j j j j
2010, 2010 j
j. j j:

10 10050 = 10 5 2010 = 100500

j j j 2010.
, j j :

98490.

100500 2010 =

98490 : 2010 = 47.

10. j 5 7
j 4 ?

j j j,

,
.
j . 7 , 5
, 2
4 .

j j j

, 5

j 7 ,
j j 5. , j.

11. 50 ,
50 50 ?

j ,
.

5 10 50

, 5 1 5

50 : 10)

. 50 (10 )

j 50 (10 ), 50

50 50 = 2500
9

, j. 25 ! j j

, j !

12. j j j j 100.

j j

9 j,
1.

j j,

1,

j j

199 999 999 999.

13. j 60 ,
45 . j j 10
, j

. 12 3
?

(45, 60) = 180,

10 3 .

3 ,
(60 3) , j
12 3 .

14. j j 82. 3 ,
, j 426. j j ?

x + 82.

x.

j.

j, , j:

3 (x + 82) x = 426
J j j:
90 172.

10

15. j jj j
:

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526...
j 2012?

j j,

91=9
. j j

90 2 = 180
, 900 j j

900 3 = 2700
. , j, j ""

9+180+2700 = 2889 .

j j
j! j . j

2012 189 = 1823.

j 1823. j
j j (j 189 j j j).
:

1823 : 3 = 607(2).
j 608. j.
608. j j 707. ( j j). j 0, j .

16. j
j .

11

j: :

n + 1, u n + 3,
j

nN

j. j:

n + 1 + n + 3 = 2n + 4
j

n + 3 n 1 = 2.
j:

(2n + 4) 2.
j .

, j j j , j j

2, j
j

n.

2n + 4

j 4,

j .

17. j j j j
5. j.

j 100 9801, j

10 10 = 100 99 99 = 9801.

j j j
5555 555. j,
.

5555 = 5 1111 = 5 11 101.

j 101

j, 5555 j!
j j 555. :

555 = 5337 = 1537.

j . J
j j:
555.

18.

15 37, j j

p 7p1 j j 7p+1 j.

j. j
. j

p = 2, j 7p 1 = 7 2 1 = 13
7p + 1 = 7 2 + 1 = 15 j , j
p j j 3, j
12

 j j

7p1 .

19. j j

j.

5 2 + 1 = 11 .
5p + 1

p j 3p+1 5p+1 ?

j j

p = 2,

32+1 = 7

j j

p = 2.

p 3,

, j

20. j

3p + 1

j j j

3p + p3

32 + 23 = 17 , j
p, j , 3p + p3 j j,
p
3
j , . , j 3 + p j j
p = 2.
.

p=2

13

1. j , j

16
29

8
27

j j j?

a ,

16
8
= .
27
27

16
16
>
27
29
j j j.

2.

1
10
40
51 , 503 , 2011 .

j :

40 1
40 10
4 10
40
1
=
=
,
=
=
.
51
40 51
2040 503
4 503
2012
:

40
40
40
,
,
.
2040 2012 2011
A j j, j :

40
40
40
<
<
.
2040
2012
2011
3. j
j

q ,
130
.
33

p
q

j.

p q
130
+ =
,
q p
33
14

p

q

p
q

q
.
p

(p, q) = 33 = 311, j j p = 3
p = 11 q = 3,

q = 11,

3
11
11
3
130
+
=
+
=
.
11
3
3
11
33
j a a.

4. j

1
,
3

j j

j, j j 55?

J j j

1
.
3

2 1 3
,
,
,...
6 3 9

55, j
j , 55.

j j

3 55 18, j j j
""

1
,
3

j j 17.

5. j

3
8

1
5

, 60 .

3
8

. j

3 4
3
=
8 5
10

4
5

1
,
5

. j

. j j

1
3
5
1
+
=
=
5 10
10
2
- .
j

2 60 = 120

j j

j j ,

15

j 240 .

. j j ,

. j

3
8

1
x x
5


=

1
x,
5

3 4
12
3
x= x= x
8 5
40
10

60 .

j:

1
3
x + x + 60 + 60 = x
5
10
2
3
5
j:
x+
x + 120 = x, j.
x + 120 = x
10
10
10
1
1
x + 120 = x. j x = 120 j. x = 240.
2
2
6. j j j

60cm, 60cm

40cm

j .
j e

2
3

j?

606040 = 144000cm3 = 144dm3 =

144 a. j 144 : 3 = 48 ,
2 48 = 96 .

j j

7. j 80 .

, j

4
9

2
7

j ,
j ?

( 1997.)

5
7

5
j j .
9
5
5
j
j
,
7
9
1
1
j j j
j

7
9

j j ,

16

. j

7 : 9.

80 : 16 = 5)

80 16 (

j 7 , 9 . j, 35

j , 45 .

5
2
7
> > .
6
p
5
5
2
7
> >

6
p
5
5
p
6
> >
2
5
7

8. j

, ,
.

j j

j 70. :

14p
60
175
>
>
70
70
70
,

175 > 14p > 60.

j j

j:

p {5, 7, 11}.

17

175
60
>p> .
14
14

, j

j j
1.

.
, , j :
. ( 2012.)

. j

+ = 180

+ = 90 .

= 5 : 5+ = 6 = 180 j
= 30 = 150 . + = 90 j = 90 = 90 30 = 60 .
(a) j

= 5 : 5 + = 180 + = 90 .

0
j 4 = 90 , = 22 30 . j j

0
= 67 30 = 112 30 .

() j

2.

A, B

jj, a

j j j

( 2012.)

. :

AB, AC, AD, AE, BC, BD, BE, CD, CE, DE

:

4ABE, 4ABD, 4ACE, 4ACD,

4BCE, 4BCD, 4EDA, 4EDB, 4EDC
, 10 9 .

3. j j j ?

2011.)
.
. j

j j

= 8 + = 180 .
= 20 , a = 160 .

8 , j.

9 = 180

18

4.

j 32 j .
. ( 2009.)

32 ,

j j 16 j
= 48 . j = 90 48 = 42 .

5.

j .

( 2008.)

+ = 90 . j
2
j , j j ca ,
3
5

= 90 . j = 54 = 36 .
3
.

j, ,

>

k1 (O1 , 2 cm) k2 (O2 , 3 cm)

A k1 B k2 j AB

6. j je

6 cm.

() j;

O1 O2 =

() j.

AB ?

( 2004.)

A k1 B k2
O1 O2 .

j j j

()

k2
k1

O1

2cm

1cm B

19

3cm

O2

 j j

AB = 1 cm.

()

k2
k1

2cm

O1

j j

2cm

O2

3cm

AB = 11 cm.

7. j j j
.

3cm

1cm

20040

( 2004.)

20040 ,
z }| {
0

0
+ 2004 = 90 , j 2004 .
0

0
j 2004 = 33 24 j 2 = 90 +33 24 = 123 24
= 61 420 .
.

8. , , j
j-. j
j?

24 cm2 .

2003.)
.

a b,

P =

. j j

j 24 j, j

20

. j

24 cm, 2 cm

12 cm, 3 cm

8 cm, 4 cm

1 cm

6 cm.

A K j 3 cm, j
A j 5 cm. j j j
K ? ( 1998.)

9. j j

. j .

3cm
B

2cm
O

2cm
D

j j j j
. j j
j j j

AD = 7 cm.

j j - . j ? (

10.

1997.)
.

j
+ = 90 + = 180 .
, + = 4 , j

j,

90 + 180 = 4
j

270 = 6

= 45 .

21

11. j

1728 cm3 .

1996.)

V = a3 ,
3
j jj j 1728 cm . j
1728 , j 1728 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3.
3
j 1728 = (2 2 3)
= 123 .
2
P = 6 12 = 6 144 = 864.

. ,

a,

12. j, j
, 7 ?

1996.)
. j j
.

j j, j

j 7 , j j j .

7
6

1
4

2
3

j j j j 7
, j .

7
6
5
4
3
2
1

22

13. j 8
20 ?

j , j

1
, j
60
1
o

6 . j, j
60

360o , j

j j , j

1 1

360o = 300 .
60 12
, j ,

20
6 = 120 , 8 20 830 +2030 = 250o ,
. 20

j 8 20 j

250 120 = 130o .

j 12 ,
j 12 ,
,
j j , j j j
.

14.
.

j j j 8

j, ,

j j

+ = 90o

= 8 ,

j , :

+ = +

8 = 9 = 90 , = 10 .
o
o
j = 90 10
= 80o .
o
, j + = 180 , j
o
o
o
= 180 80 = 100 .

15.

2 40o
.

j j

23

 + = 90o 2 +40o = 180o .

o
o
0
o
j j 2 = 180 40 = 140 , j = 70 . ,
o
j, j = 20 .
o
o
o
, j + = 180 20 + = 180 ,
o
o
o
j = 180 20 , = 160 .
.

16.

, j

j j j .

j j ?

= (90o )+ 34 .
3
3
o
o
j +
4 = 90 2 4 = 90 , j.
5
o
o
4 = 90 . j = 72 .

j j:

17. j

.
o

j :

+ =

+ = 90 = 5 . j
, : + 5 = 180o ,
o
: + +4 = 180 ,
o
o
o
j : 90 + 4 = 180 . j: 4 = 90
o
0
= 22 30 . , j j,
o
o
0
o
0
o
o
0
o
0
j = 90 22 30 = 67 30 = 180 67 30 = 112 30
180

18. 3 .
j ? j j j j .

j j

"" j .
j 6
, ,
j 2 6, j 12.

1 j .

24

j 19.

19. j

j :

A, B , C , D, E , F , G.

j?

j j :

AB , AC , AD, AE , AF , AG,
BC , BD, BE , BF , BG,
CD, CE , CF , CG,
DE , DF , DG,
EF , EG,
F G.
, j ,
j j j.
, ,
j !

J, :

CF

FC

F C?

j j, j j
j . ,
j:

6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 21!
p q . j p A, B
D, E F . j

20.

j , j j

. , j
.

A B , B C , A C ),
(D E , E F , D F ), j j j
3 3 = 9 .

21. j j
. .

25

0, j . ,

+ = 180 . j
, = 2 .

. j = 120

j j j =
2

= 60 .
, ,

1m2 j
2
j j 40dm . -

22. j j

j j .

10 x

10

10 x + 40 = 10 (10 x)
10 x + 10 x = 100 + 40
20 x = 140
x = 7 dm = 70 cm
j j .

340 cm

260 cm.

26

n+1

j,

jj j j j j.

, ,
j jj .

1. j 100.000 j
j 274 j .

j 366 ,

j . j

100.000 : 366 = 273(82)

j 273 , j
j j j j j 82 j
j .
.

2. 50 j. j
24 j. j j j
j.

j j 50

j , j j ,
j,

1
50 : 24 = 2 12

27

3. j 100 .

j j j j .

j j

. j 0 14 .

0 + 1 + 2 + . . . + 14 = 105.

j , j j

105 . j j j
j .

4. jj .

j j 400 000
j j j j
j .

j j .

, j .
j j .
, .

j j .
j j j j j . ,
j j 1 , j
j 2 , , 2 j j 400 000
.

, , j "" 800

000 , j j 200 000. j

400 000 , 200
000 j j j
, j.

28