I CNG V MIN DCH HC

MIN DCH KHNG C HIU

V
MIN DCH C HIU
ThS.BS MINH QUANG
MC TIU
1. Trnh by c chc nng ca h thng min dch
2.Phn bit c s khc nhau c bn gia min dch
khng c hiu v min dch c hiu
3. Lit k c cc thnh phn dch th v t bo ca
min dch dch khng c hiu v min dch c hiu
4.Chng minh v cho v d v mi quan h khng kht
v h tr cho nhau gia min dch khng c hiu v
min dch c hiu
Lch s
Min dch ( immunitas:freedomfrom)l min, khng
mc mt bnh no .
Thucydides (430BC )quan st: khi khi mt bnh
no th km theo kh nng khng b ti nhim.
Trung Hoa Th Nh K (1400 )ht cht dch t m
u ma hay tim vo vt thng nng khng b
bnh
Edward Jenner
(1798)
Vy ca u b
(cowpox) c th
bo v con ngi
trnh u ma
Robert Koch(1884) l thuyt vi trng
Louis Pasteur: (1881) sn xut vaccine bng vi
khun gim c lc(vaccinus:derived from
cows)
Metchnikoff (1883) hin tng thc bo
Behring min dch t bo
Min dch hc l mn hc nghin cu v
cc c ch khng c c hiu ln khng c
hiu ca c th
trong vic chng li s xm nhp ca cc vt
l, c bit l cc vi sinh vt
c th gi c s ton vn hoc khng b
hoc thot khi cc bnh do cc vi sinh vt
gy ra
i Tng Nghin Cu
Min Dch Hc Trong Y Hc
1. Min dch hc c s
Khi nim c bn v thnh phn v quy
lut hot ng tng qut ca h thng
min dch
2.Min dch hc lmsng
-min dch bnh l,
-tnh trng qu mn,
- min dch chng vi sinh vt v k sinh trng ,
- vaccin,
- min dch ghp,
- min dch ung th,
-bnh t min,
-suy gim min dch ,
-bnh l min dch ca cc c quan .
Min Dch Khng c Hiu
v Min Dch c Hiu
Min dch khng c hiu cn c tn gi khc
min dch t nhin, min dch bm sinh
Min dch c hiu cn c tn gi khc min
dch thu c, min dch thch nghi
Mt s im khc nhau c bn gia loi
Min dch khng c hiu v min dch c hiu
Min dch khng c hiu Min dch c hiu
Qu trnh tin ha C rt sm t n bo T ng vt c xng sng
Thi gian cn
c p ng
Tc th Cn c thi gian
p ng lc tip xc li Nh lc u p ng th hai khc :
-Nhanh hn, ko di
-Cng cao hn
-Hiu qu hn
Thnh phn
tham gia
Dch th Lysozym
CRP
B th
IFN v.v
Khng th( nhiu c hiu)
T bo Bch cu ht
n nhn thc bo
T bo mast
T bo NK
Lymph bo(nhiu c hiu)
Min Dch Khng c Hiu
Ba c ch tng qut khng chuyn bit
tham gia vo Min dch khng c hiu
* C ch c hc
* C ch ha hc
* C ch sinh hc
Min Dch Khng c Hiu
C ch c hc:
- Da nguyn vn
-Cc t bo b bn chi
kh o
-S lu thng v nhu
ng ca ng tiu
ha,ng tit niu,
ng mt
Min Dch Khng c Hiu
C ch ha hc:
- Cc dch tit t nhin c cha cc ha cht c
tc dng dit khun khng chuyn bit
-Cc acid bo trong tuyn b
- toan cao trong dch v
Min Dch Khng c Hiu
C ch sinh hc:
-Trn da, trong ng tiu ha thng c
xuyn c mt cc vi khun hi sinh khng gy
bnh .
-Cc vi khun ny ngn cn s pht trin ca
cc vi khun gy bnh bng cnh tranh cht
dinh dng, tit ra cc cht kim hm
Min Dch Khng c Hiu
Cc thnh phn dch th ca MDKH
Lysozym:
Ct cu ni gia phn t N-acetyl glucosamin v N-
acetyl muramin c trong cu to ca mng vi khun
Protein C phn ng ( CRP)
Hot ha b th theo con ng c in lm cho vi
khun b ly gii hay b thc bo d dng hn
Interferon ( IFN)
- lm cn tr s
xm nhp v nhn
ln ca cc siu vi.
- c tnh kim hm
i vi s tng
sinh ca mt s t
chc u,
Interferon ( IFN)
-hot ha cc
n nhn thc
bo, cc t bo
NK v lm tng
biu l khng
nguyn ph hp
m
B th
-Tng tun hon ti
ch v tng tnh
thmthnh mch
- - Opsonin ha
(C
3b
)
- -Chiu m bch
cu (C
5a
)
- - Lm thng mng
t bo, mng vi
khun dn n ly
gii
Min Dch Khng c Hiu
* Cc T Bo Thuc MDKH
Bch cu ht trung tnh
Cc t bo mast
Cc n nhn thc bo
T bo NK
Bch cu
ht trung
tnh
n nhn
thc bo
T bo
mast
T bo NK
Min Dch c Hiu
Ba thuc tnh c bn ca Min dch c hiu
* Tnh phn bit cu trc bn thn v
cu trc ngoi lai
* Tnh c hiu
* Tr nh min dch
Min Dch c Hiu
Yu t dch th trong Min dch c hiu
Ch c mt loi duy nht l khng th,
C 2 dng
(1) Dng t do lu hnh trong dch th c kh
nng kt hp vi khng nguyn
(2) Dng biu l trn b mt cc lympho bo B
ng vai tr cc th th khng nguyn ca t
bo B
Min dch c hiu
T bo thuc v MDH l cc lympho bo
MI QUAN H GIA
MDKH v MDH
MT LI V MT HI CA
P NG MIN DCH
BBBB
BBb
bbbb BNH T MiN THI LOI GHP QU MN CM
TC NG VO H MiN DCH
GY TN THNG
MT LI
MT HI
Cc Kha Cnh Khc Ca Min Dch Hc
Hin tng vim
Vim l mt hin tng i km vi mt p ng
min dch c khng c hiu v c hiu
C 3 s kin chnh xy ra ti ch b vim l:
-Tng cng cp mu ti vng vim
- Tng tnh thm thnh mch do cc t bo
- S thm nhp ca cc bch cu qua thnh tiu tnh
mch ti ch vim hot ng
Hin tng vim
Tim chng
Nguyn tc ca cacxin c da trn 2 c
im c bn ca p ng mim dch thu
c
- tnh c hiu v
- tr nh min dch
Min dch bnh l
Bnh t min
H min dch chng li chnh khng nguyn ca bn
thn
Suy gimmin dch
Suy gimmin dch c th xy ra do gim st hay
khng c mt hay nhiu thnh phn ca p ng
min dch
Chia thnh 2 nhm chnh l
* Suy gim min dch bm sinh
* Suy gim min dch mc phi
Qu mn cm
Xy ra khi p ng min dch xy ra qu mc v
-cng ,
- v v tr hay
- thi gian