measure the distance from the left side of the neck out to the line where his or her wrist meets the hand (in inches or centimeters). At left is a picture of that natural line at the wrist, which have I darkened with pen, so that you can see what I mean. You can use a tape measure or a yardstick; I use my home-made "Fiddle Stick," a yardstick on which I've marked all the measurements.
The chart below will tell you what size violin is appropriate. I find these measurements to be extremely accurate -- more so than the old trick of having the child attempt to grasp the scroll. If you are a private teacher or a school teacher, you easily can make your own "Fiddle Stick," with a yardstick (or meterstick) and some permanent markers. (If you are feeling like collecting some goodwill karma, make one for your local overworked and underpaid public school teacher!) Measurements in Inches: 1/16 size: 13 1/4 inches or less 1/10 size: 14 1/4 inches 1/8 size: 15 1/4 inches 1/4 size: 17 1/4 inches 1/2 size: 19 inches 3/4 size: 20 1/2 inches Full size: 21 1/4 inches