You are on page 1of 22

MAN

Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia


Bc ti: menu, tm kim
Thng tin trong bi (hay on) ny khng th kim chng c do khng
c ch gii t b!t k" ng#$n tham kho no%
Xin bn hy ci thin bi !it ny b"n# cch b$ %un# ch& th'ch ti cc n#u(n uy t'n) *u bi +,c
d-ch t. Wikipedia n#/n n#0 khc th hy chuy1n n#u(n tham kho t. phi2n bn +3 cho bi ny)
Mng th& MAN 4metropolitan area network5 6 mn# d0 6iu b7n# 89n# +,c thit k
cho phm !i t8on# thnh ph:, th- ;) <hon# cch th=n# nh> h?n @A km) XBt !C Duy m/
+-a 6E, FG* 6n h?n mn# HG* nhn# nh> h?n mn# WG*, n3 +3n# !ai t8I kt n:i J
mn# HG* ! WG* !i nhau hoKc kt n:i #i0a cc mn# HG*:
<t n:i #i0a cc phLn tM cNa mn# FG* th=n# %M dOn# kh/n# dPy 4Wi8e6e%%5
hoKc %M dOn# cp Duan# 4Qptica6 Ribe85)
Fn# FG* +,c ;Py dSn# bi ti2u chuTn Du:c t UVVV WAJXJAAY)
M'c ('c
ZTn[
Y \Kc +i1m
J ]c c/n# n#h nCn tn#
^ _n# dOn#
` Xem th2m
@ Hi2n kt n#oi
)*+a, -.c im
Fet8o*et cun# cap kh n7n# %M dOn# +(n# th=i ba 6oi d-ch !O: thoi 4!oice5 X d0 6iu
4data5 X hnh nh 4!ideo5 nh: b c8uyCn d0 6iu) b d9i n#h- t8uyCn hnh 4eideo
]onfe8ence5) b Xem phim theo y2u cLu 4eog X eideo Qn gemand5) b c8uyCn hnh cp
4]Gce5) b hio dOc t. ;a) b ]hTn +on bnh t. ;a) b hame) b \in thoi Ui 4Ui ihone5)
b c8uyCn hnh Ui 4Ui ce5) b c8uy cjp Unte8net t:c +9 cao)))
\:i t,n# khch hn#: Fet8o*Vc dnh cho khch hn# 6 cc t$ chkc, doanh n#hip c3
nhiCu chi nhnh, b9 phjn kt n:i !i nhau ! c3 th1 kt n:i 8a 6i2n tlnh, Du:c tm cc khu
c/n# n#hip, khu th?n# mi 6n, c/n# !i2n phLn mCm, khu c/n# n#h cao, khu +/ th-
mi, khu cao :c !7n phIn#)))m cc c? Duan Dun 6E nh nc +1 phOc !O cho mOc ti2u
ch'nh phN +in tM, ci cch hnh ch'nh, cc t8=n# \i hnc, n#Pn hn#, /n# ty ]hkn#
khon, cc t$ chkc ci ch'nh)))
H,i 'ch cNa !ic %M dOn# Fet8o*et: b <t n:i cc chi nhnh phOc !O mOc +'ch t8uyCn %:
6iu) b chit 6jp mn# din 89n# cNa 8i2n# t$ chkc 4mn# WG*5) b ]hi ph' thap, t:c +9
$n +-nh, +p kn# +,c y2u cLu !C bo mjt th/n# tin, +?n #in t8on# !ic Dun 6E ! do
dn# t8on# !ic chuy1n +$i) b ]un# cap cho doanh n#hip 8at nhiCu 6oi hnh d-ch !O #i
t8- #ia t7n# cpn# 6&c t82n m9t +=n# t8uyCn kt n:i !C !oiceXdataX!ideo) b g-ch !O #i&p
Dun 6E c? % h tLn# h th:n# c/n# n#h th/n# tin hai +i1m m9t cch +?n #in, hiu Du,
do dn# t8i1n khai cc kn# dOn# chuy2n n#hip)
)*+a, /0c cng ngh1 n2n tng
F9t %: c/n# n#h t8c +Py +,c %M dOn# cho mn# FG* nh c/n# n#h GcF,
c/n# n#h RggU, gqgB ! rFgr) din nay, cc c/n# n#h ny +an# +,c thay
th dLn bi c/n# n#h Vthe8net, ! mn# FG* dSa t82n c/n# n#h Vthe8net cIn
+,c #ni 6 mn# Fet8o Vthe8net 4FV5) Fn# FV +,c t$ chkc FVR ! UcsXc
h)WJtY +-nh n#hua ! pht t8i1n)
)*+a, 3ng d'ng
Fn# FG* 8a +=i + +p kn# +,c nhu cLu n#y cn# cao t8on# !ic t8ao +$i d0 6iu
#i0a mn# n9i b9 !i mn# b2n n#oi 4t8uy nhjp Unte8net, t8uy nhjp c? % d0 6iu, kt n:i
chi nhnh !7n phIn#v5:
_n# dOn# cNa mn# FG* kt n:i cc mn# Gcce%% 4mn# t8uy nhjp5 khc nhau
nh HG*wWHG*, ]Gce, ;grH, Jhw^h))) !i mn# ]o8e 4mn# 6xi5:
F9t !' dO 6 Fn# FG* +,c ;Py dSn# dSa t82n h tLn# t8uyCn hnh cp:
4AN
Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia
Bc ti: menu, tm kim
Mng di1n r5ng 4AN 4wide area network5 6 mn# d0 6iu +,c thit k +1 kt n:i #i0a
cc mn# +9 th- 4mn# FG*5 #i0a cc khu !Sc +-a 6E cch ;a nhau) XBt !C Duy m/ +-a
6E, mn# hG*4 global area network5 c3 Duy m/ 6n nhat, %au +3 +n mn# WG* !
mn# HG*)
M'c ('c
ZTn[
Y ]c t$ chkc ;Py dSn# WG*
J F/ hnh mn#
^ ]c thit b- mn# WG*
` _n# dOn#
@ ]c #iao thkc +=n# t8uyCn
t Hi2n kt n#oi
)*+a, /0c t6 chc 78y d9ng 4AN
]c t$ chkc ti2u chuTn Du:c t ;Py dSn# mn# WG* bao #(m UcsXc, UrQ, UVcR,
VUG, cUG) Xem bn# %au:
WG* rtanda8d
]c ti2u chuTn WG* th=n# m/ t cc y2u cLu +:i !i 6p !jt 6E ! 6p 6i2n kt
d0 6iu, bao #(m !ic +nh +-a chl !jt 6E, +iCu khi1n 6u(n# 4flow control5 ! +3n#
#3i 4encapsulation5)
)*+a, M h:nh mng
c8on# m/ hnh tham chiu QrU, WG* hot +9n# t. 6p ^ 46p mn#5 t8 ;u:n#, bao #(m:
Hp Y 4Hp !jt 6E X ZZihy%ica6 Hayh#yf
QrUWG*Y
QrUWG*J
)*+a, /0c thi;t b& mng 4AN
]c thit b- %M dOn# cho mn# WG* #(m c3: 8oute8, %zitch, modem 4]rswgrs5,
communication %e8!e8 4re8!e8 #iao tip5, nh hnh !{ %au:
WG* ge!ice%
)*+a, 3ng d'ng
WG* +,c %M dOn# cho cc mn# dpn# 8i2n# pointXtoXpoint, %M dOn# t8on# cc mn#
chuy1n mch #3i 4X)J@, f8ame 8e6ay5, chuy1n mch k2nh 4GcF, Urg*5) Xem hnh !{:
WG* Gpp6icationJ
)*+a, /0c giao thc <ng tr#y2n
]c #iao thkc +=n# t8uyCn ph$ bin %M dOn# cho mn# WG* #(m:
iii 4point-to-point protocol5: %M dOn# cho cc kt n:i dia6up 4Duay %:5)
dgH] 4high-level data link control5: %M dOn# cho cc mn# pointXtoXpoint dnh
8i2n#)
HGig 4link access procedure D channel5: %M dOn# cho cc mn# Urg* k2nh g
4g ]hanne65)
HGiB 4link access procedure balanced5: %M dOn# cho mn# chuy1n mch #3i
X)J@)
HGiR 4link access procedure frame5: %M dOn# cho mn# chuy1n mch #3i R8ame
8e6ay)
Wikipedia
\nc th2m
4=M
Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia
Bc ti: menu, tm kim
4=M 4Wa!e6en#th gi!i%ion Fu6tip6e;in#5 6 ph?n# thkc #hBp k2nh Duan# theo bc
%3n#) ch/n# th=n# t8on# tuyn th/n# tin Duan# +i1m n:i +i1m, m|i m9t %,i d}n Duan#
cho m9t tia 6a%e8 !i m9t bc %3n# nh %n# t8uyCn Dua, ti +Lu thu, b9 tch %3n# Duan#
t?n# kn# %{ nhjn t'n hiu t. %,i ny) F|i m9t %3n# 6a%e8 ny man# m9t %: t'n hiu +in
!i m9t ph$ nhat +-nh)
c. nh0n# n7m Y~WA, c/n# n#h %,i Duan# c3 nhiCu tin b9 n2n ph?n# thkc #hBp k2nh
Duan# theo bc %3n# +,c kn# dOn# t8on# mn# !ion th/n# +=n# t8Oc ! Du:c t)
WgF cho phBp ta t7n# dun# 6,n# k2nh m kh/n# cLn t7n# t:c +9 bit cNa +=n# t8uyCn
! cn# kh/n# dpn# th2m %,i d}n Duan#)
Wikipedia
]h&n# t/i hin chap nhjn 4e*g5
>AN
Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia
Bc ti: menu, tm kim
Xin xem cc mc t khc c cng tn ! "an #$%nh h&'ng()
>AN 4!it tt t. t2n tin# Gnh "ocal *rea +etwork, mn# my t'nh cOc b95 6 m9t h
th:n# mn# dpn# +1 kt n:i cc my t'nh t8on# m9t phm !i nh> 4nh , phIn# 6m !ic,
t8=n# hnc, v5) ]c my t'nh t8on# mn# HG* c3 th1 chia % ti n#uy2n !i nhau, m
+i1n hnh 6 chia % tjp tin, my in, my DuBt ! m9t %: thit b- khc)
F9t mn# HG* t:i thi1u cLn c3 my chN 4server5, cc thit b- #hBp n:i 4,epeater, -ub,
.witch, /ridge5, my t'nh con 4client5, ca8d mn# 4+etwork 0nterface 1ard 2 +015 ! dPy
cp 4cable5 +1 kt n:i cc my t'nh 6i !i nhau) c8on# th=i +i cNa h +iCu hnh FrX
gQr, my chN mn# HG* th=n# %M dOn# phLn mCm *o!e66 *etWa8e, tuy nhi2n +iCu
ny + t8 n2n 6|i th=i h?n %au khi Windoz% *c ! Windoz% fo8 Wo8k#8oup% ;uat hin)
*#y nay hLu ht my chN %M dOn# h +iCu hnh Windoz%, ! t:c +9 mn# HG* c3 th1
62n +n YA Fbp%, YAA Fbp% hay thjm ch' 6 Y hbp%)
F9t hnh thkc khc cNa HG* 6 WG* 4Wide G8ea *etzo8k5) ]3 n#hua 6 mn# din
89n#) gpn# +1 n:i cc HG* 6i !i nhau 4th/n# Dua 8oute85)
F9t hnh thkc khc n0a cNa mn# HG*, mi ;uat hin t8on# nh0n# n7m #Ln +Py 6
4>AN 4Wi8e6e%% HG*5 mn# HG* kh/n# dPy)
M'c ('c
ZTn[
Y H-ch %M
J Fi2u t k thujt
^ ]c thit b- cLn thit
o ^)Y Fy chN 4re8!e85
o ^)J Fy t8m 4Wo8k%tation5
` Xem th2m
@ Hi2n kt n#oi
)*+a, >&ch *+
eo th=i #ian t8c khi nh0n# my t'nh c nhPn ;uat hin, m9t my t'nh t8un# tPm chim
t8nn Y c7n phIn#, n#=i dpn# t8uy nhjp nh0n# thit b- +Lu cu:i my th/n# Dua cp
t8uyCn d0 6iu t:c +9 thap) *h0n# Fn# r*G cNa UBF 4cau t8&c mn# h th:n#5 +,c
tjp t8un# !o nh0n# thit b- +Lu cu:i 6i2n kt hay nh0n# my t'nh 6n khc ti nh0n# ch|
t. ;a Dua nh0n# +=n# dPy cp thu2 bao) c. +Py n3 6 nh0n# mn# +,c kt n:i t82n
din 89n#) *h0n# mn# cOc b9 HG* 4Hoca6 *etzo8k G8ea5 +Lu ti2n + +,c to 8a !o
cu:i nh0n# n7m Y~A ! th=n# to 8a nh0n# m:i 6i2n kt cao t:c #i0a !i my t'nh
t8un# tPm 6n ti m9t ch|) *hiCu h th:n# cnh t8anh +,c to 8a !o th=i #ian ny
Vthe8net ! G]*Vc +,c bit +n nhiCu nhat)
rS pht t8i1n !,t bjc cNa ]iwF e %au +3 nh0n# my t'nh c nhPn chy t82n nCn gQr
c3 n#hua 8"n# c3 hn# t87m my t'nh + c3 th1 hot +9n# +?n 6 ! +9c 6jp !i my t'nh
t8un# tPm) rS hap d}n ban +Lu cNa mn# my t'nh 6 !ic c3 th1 chia % $ +ua ! nh0n#
my in 6a%e8, m 6 c hai thk ny 8at +t 6&c +3) ]3 nhiCu n#=i ho hkn# !i khi nim
mi ! t8on# !i n7m, t. khon# Y~W^ !C ph'a t8c, nh0n# hnc #i c/n# n#hip tin hnc
+Cu +Kn khai bo n7m ti %{ 6 n7m cNa mn# HG*)
c82n thSc t, nhjn +-nh +3 b- 6un# 6ay mnh bi %S t7n# nhanh cNa cc 6oi 6p !jt 6E
khc nhau ! nh0n# thN tOc thi hnh mn# kh/n# t?n# th'ch, ! %S b:i 8:i !C !ic 6m
th no +1 chia % ti n#uy2n t:t nhat) \i1n hnh, m|i nh cun# cap c3 m9t ki1u ca8d
mn# 8i2n# cNa hn, dPy cp, #iao thkc kt n:i, h +iCu hnh mn# 8i2n# cNa hn) e m9t
#ii php Duan t8nn# ;uat hin !i ci t2n *etWa8e *o!e66, #ii php cNa hn h| t8, `A
ki1u ca8d mn# khc nhau, ! m9t h +iCu hnh phkc tp h?n %o !i hLu ht cc +:i thN
cNa n3) ihLn mCm mn# th:n# t8- cc my t'nh c nhPn +,c n:i !i nhau 4HG*5 cNa cc
doanh n#hip t. nh0n# n7m +Lu Y~W^ khi n3 +,c #ii thiu cho +n #i0a nh0n# n7m
Y~~A khi Fic8o%oft #ii thiu h +iCu hnh mn# tPn tin Windoz% *c ad!anced %e8!e8
! Windoz% cho nh3m 6m !ic 4Windoz% fo8 zo8kin# #8oup5)
*h0n# +:i thN cNa phLn mCm mn#, chl c3 Banyan eine% c3 nh0n# k thujy mnh +1
cnh t8anh nhn# Banyan chn# bao #i= c3 m9t !- th an ton) Fic8o%oft ! ^]om 6m
!ic cpn# nhau to 8a m9t h +iCu hnh mn# +?n #in, tiCn thPn ^brha8e cNa ^]om !
HG* Fana#e8 cNa Fic8o%oft c3ng nh& "*+ .erver c4a 0/5) 6h7ng m8t ai trong s9 trn
$:c bi;t th<nh c7ng)
c8on# cpn# th=i #ian !i my t'nh t8m 6n f8ame, nh0n# t8m 6m !ic s*UX t. nh0n#
nh cun# cap nh run Fic8o%y%tem%, dez6ettXiacka8d, ri6icon h8aphic%, Unte8#8aph,
*eXc ! Gpo66o %M dOn# #iao thkc c]iwUi) gp phPn +on +on th- t8=n# cho t8m 6m
!ic chy t82n s*UX + ! +an# %Ot #im nhn# nh0n# c/n# n#h +,c pht t8i1n bi hn
tip tOc c3 nh hn# t82n Unte8net ! t8on# c hai d +iCu hnh Hinu; Fac Qr X cNa
Gpp6e ! #iao thkc c]iwUi #Ln nh hon ton thay th UiX, Gpp6eca6k, *etBVsU !
nh0n# #iao thkc khc +,c dpn# t8on# bu$i +Lu mn# HG* +,c %inh 8a) Bi ny cIn %?
khai)
)*+a, Mi?# t k@ th#At
FKc dLu n#y nay mn# Vthe8net chuy1n +$i 6 #iao thkc th/n# dOn# nhat dpn# t8on#
tLn# 6i2n kt d0 6iu ! Ui 6 #iao thkc th/n# dOn# nhat t8on# tLn# *etzo8k, 8at nhiCu %S
6Sa chnn khc nhau + ! +an# +,c %M dOn#, ! m9t !i t8on# %: +3 t8 n2n ph$ bin
t8on# nh0n# 6unh !Sc th'ch h,p) Fn# HG* nh> h?n #(m c3 m9t hoKc !i 6i2n kt
chuy1n mch ti nh0n# mn# khc th=n# !i m9t 6i2n kt ti m9t b9 +-nh tuyn,
modem cp, hay grH modem cho t8uy nhjp Unte8net)
*h0n# mn# HG* 6n h?n +,c m/ t bi n#=i dpn# !i nh0n# +=n# d}n d th.a !
chuy1n +$i %M dOn# #iao thkc #ii thujt cPy +1 n#7n chKn !In# 6Kp, kh n7n# cNa ch&n#
+1 +iCu khi1n cc 6oi #iao th/n# khc nhau th/n# Dua chat 6,n# d-ch !O 4qor5, ! c/
6jp #iao th/n# Dua eHG*%) Fn# HG* 6n h?n cn# bao #(m nhiCu ! +a dn# cc thit
b- nh b9 chuy1n +$i, t=n# 6Ma, b9 +-nh tuyn, b9 cPn b"n# ti, cm bin ! h?n th n0a)
HG* c3 th1 c3 6i2n kt !i nh0n# mn# cOc b9 khc th/n# Dua +=n# thu2 bao, d-ch !O
thu2 bao, hoKc b"n# +=n# hLm th/n# Dua mn# Unte8net %M dOn# c/n# n#h ei*) cpy
thu9c !o cch to 8a ! bo +m cc 6i2n kt, ! +9 89n# +-a 6E cNa mn#, h cc mn#
HG* ny c3 th1 t8 thnh Fn# 6i2n kt chN 4FG*5 hoKc Fn# 6i2n kt din 89n#
4WG*5, hoKc m9t phLn cNa Fn# ton cLu)
)*+a, /0c thi;t b& cBn thi;t
)*+a, M0y chC (Server)
H m9t my t'nh c3 1=> t:c +9 cao, ,*5 ! $ +ua 6n, th=n# 6i2n kt !i cc thit b-
n#oi !i khc nh my in 4printer, my DuBt 4scanner5, v5)
)*+a, M0y trm (Workstation)
M0y trm +/i khi cIn #ni 6 my khch 4c6ient5) ]c my khch kt n:i !i my chN !
c3 th1 6i2n 6c !i nhau th/n# Dua my chN)
DDD
Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia
Bc ti: menu, tm kim
DDD c3 th1 6 t. !it tt cNa nh0n# t. %au:
c8on# 6unh !Sc mn# my t'nh, iii 6 !it tt cNa =oint-to-point =rotocol X #iao
thkc \i1mX\i1m 4mn# n#an# hn#5)
c8on# kinh t hnc, iii c3 n#hua 6 rkc mua t?n# +?n# 4=urchasing =ower
=arit?5)
c8on# %inh hnc, iii 6 con +=n# chuy1n h3a pento%e
c8on# chi ti2u c/n# c9n#, iii 6 d,p tc c/n# X t 4=ublic - =rivate =artner5)
Wikipedia
\nc th2m
MEF=GE
Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia
Bc ti: menu, tm kim
H1 i2# hnh Ia t Micro*oJt 45icrosoft Disk @perating .?stem, #ni tt 6 FrXgQr5
6 h +iCu hnh cNa hn# phLn mCm Fic8o%oft) \Py 6 m9t h +iCu hnh c3 #iao din
dIn# 6nh 4command-line interface5 +,c thit k cho cc my t'nh hn i] 4=ersonal
1omputer5) FrXgQr + t.n# 8at ph$ bin t8on# %u:t thjp ni2n Y~WA, ! +Lu thjp ni2n
Y~~A, cho +n khi Windoz% ~@ 8a +=i)
)*+a, >&ch *+
ihi2n bn gQr +Lu ti2n 8a +=i !o thn# W n7m Y~WY, !i t2n ch'nh thkc 6 D/ =GE K%L)
c2n #ni FrXgQr chl +,c bit +n k1 t. thn# @ n7m Y~WJ 4FrXgQr Y)J@5) rau +3,
Fic8o%oft 6Ln 6,t cho 8a +=i cc phi2n bn tip theo cNa FrXgQr %on# %on# cpn# !i
i]XgQr)
FrXgQr @)A 8a +=i !o thn# t n7m Y~~Y bao #(m nhiCu t'nh n7n# mi nh Dun 6E b9
nh 4FVFFG<V)VXV5, t8nh %on tho !7n bn 4FrXgQr Vdito85, n#/n n#0 6jp t8nh
qBGrU] + t8 n2n ph$ bi1n m9t th=i t8c khi FrXgQr t)JJ 8a +=i !o thn# t n7m
Y~~`) FrXgQr t)JJ cn# 6 phi2n bn gQr cu:i cpn# +,c chy nh m9t h +iCu hnh
+9c 6jp 4standalone version5) rau khi Windoz% ~@ 8a +=i !o n7m Y~~@, cc phi2n bn
FrXgQr tip theo +Cu +,c pht hnh +i km !i Windoz%, chn# hn nh FrXgQr
)A 4WwY~~@5 6 nCn +1 cho Windoz% ~@ khi +9n#, ! FrXgQr W)A +i km !i Windoz%
FV) \Py cn# 6 phi2n bn cu:i cpn# cNa h +iCu hnh ny)
)*+a, -.c im
FrXgQr 6 h +iCu hnh +?n nhim) ci m|i th=i +i1m chl thSc hin m9t thao tc duy
nhat) *3i m9t cch khc, FrXgQr chl cho phBp chy m9t kn# dOn# duy nhat ti m|i th=i
+i1m) \iCu ny khc hn !i Windoz%, !:n 6 m9t h +iCu hnh +a nhim 4multi-tasking5
X n#=i dpn# c3 th1 thi hnh nhiCu kn# dOn# cpn# m9t 6&c) FKc dp !jy, !C %au n#=i ta
+ thit k m9t %: kn# dOn# chy th=n# t8& 4cr, Aerminate and .ta? ,esident5 cho
FrXgQr) ]c kn# dOn# ny c3 th1 chy t82n nCn cNa cc kn# dOn# khc, khin n#=i %M
dOn# c3 th1 thSc hin nhiCu thao tc cpn# 6&c) eit *am, phLn mCm chy th=n# t8&
t82n FrXgQr 8at ph$ bin 6 m9t ch?n# t8nh h| t8, #x tin# eit, eiete%)
F9t %: m/i t8=n# 6m !ic +a nhim 4multi-tasking environment5 nh ge%kmate hay
ge%D!iez + +,c thit k +1 chy t82n gQr) *h0n# phi2n bn Windoz% +Lu ti2n cn#
+Cu phi khi +9n# t. dau nhc gQr) cuy nhi2n, n#y nay, FrXgQr + t8 n2n 't ph$
bin h?n) *3 chl cIn t(n ti t8on# cc phi2n bn Windoz% %au ny 4JAAA, Xi5 di dn#
m9t kn# dOn# cho phBp n#=i dpn# k'ch hot ch +9 dIn# 6nh 4command prompt5, !
th=n# chl +,c dpn# +1 thSc hin nh0n# tc !O 6i2n Duan mjt thit +n h th:n# m
#iao din +( hna cNa Windoz% kh/n# 6m +,c)
)*+a, M#n (N 6 cng
qu t8nh +-nh dn# +ua t. 4\ua mCm hay +ua ckn# 6o#ic5 t8on# FrXgQr %{ chia kh/n#
#ian +ua +3 8a 6m J phLn c? bn 6: epn# h th:n# 4ry%tem G8ea5 ! !pn# d0 6iu 4gata
G8ea5) \(n# th=i h th:n# #hi cc th/n# tin cLn thit !o !pn# h th:n# +1 chuTn b- cho
!ic 6u t80 ! Dun 6E d0 6iu %au ny)
epn# d0 6iu: #(m cc b6ock 4c6u%te85 c3 k'ch thc b"n# nhau ! +,c +nh +-a
chl 4YJ hay Yt bit5+1 phPn bit) \Py ch'nh 6 cc c6u%te8 t82n +ua)
epn# h th:n#: Bao #(m cc thnh phLn nh Boot recto8m bn# RGcYm bn#
RGcJm oot gi8ecto8y4g5) chka cc ch?n# t8nh, cc th/n# tin 6i2n Duan +n
fi6e, di8ecto8y +1 #i&p h +iCu hnh Dun 6E cc fi6e ! di8ecto8y %au ny)
OthPrnPt
Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia
Bc ti: menu, tm kim
Q5 giao thc T/DRSD
TBng ng d'ng
Bhi T gd]i T g*r T Rci T hci T dcci T UFGi T
U] T Fe#aco T Fh]i T **ci T *ci T iQi T Ui T
i] T ci T cri T rgi T rUi T rFci T r*Fi T
rQGi T rrd T ce6net T cHrwrrH T XFii
TBng giao UAn
c]i T sgi T g]]i T r]ci T rei T V]*
TBng mng
Ui 4Ui!`, Ui!t5 T U]Fi T U]Fi!t T UhFi T Ui%ec
TBng tr#y nhAV mng
Gi T Gi T *gi T QriR T cunne6% 4HJci5 T iii T
Fedia Gcce%% ]ont8o6 4OthPrnPt, FiHr, grH,
Urg*, RggU5 T ge!ice g8i!e8%
d9p ny: ;em tho 6ujn %Ma
OthPrnPt 6 m9t hn 6n ! +a dn# #(m cc c/n# n#h mn# dSa khun# d0 6iu 4frame-
based5 dnh cho mn# HG*) c2n Bthernet ;uat pht t. khi nim te t8on# n#nh !jt 6E
hnc) Vthe8net +-nh n#hua m9t 6ot cc chuTn n:i dPy ! pht t'n hiu cho tLn# !jt 6E, hai
ph?n# tin +1 t8uy nhjp mn# ti phLn FG] 4$iCu khiDn tru? nhEp m7i tr&Fng tru?Cn
dGn5 cNa tLn# 6i2n kt d0 6iu, ! m9t +-nh dn# chun# cho !ic +nh +-a chl)
Vthe8net + +,c chuTn h3a thnh UVVV WAJ)^) ]au t8&c mn# hnh %ao, hnh thkc n:i
dPy cp ;on 4twisted pair5 cNa Vthe8net + t8 thnh c/n# n#h HG* +,c %M dOn# 89n#
8i nhat t. thjp k Y~~A cho ti nay, n3 + thay th cc chuTn HG* cnh t8anh khc nh
Vthe8net cp +(n# t8Oc 4coaxial cable5, token 8in#, RggU 4Hiber distributed data
interface5, ! G]*Vc) c8on# nh0n# n7m #Ln +Py, WiXRi, dn# HG* kh/n# dPy +
+,c chuTn h3a bi UVVV WAJ)YY, + +,c %M dOn# b2n cnh hoKc thay th cho Vthe8net
t8on# nhiCu cau hnh mn#)
Qi ny cWn *X khai%
F=i bn #3p %kc !it th2m +1 bi +,c hon thin h?n) Xem phLn t8, #i&p !C cch %Ma bi)
M'c ('c
ZTn[
Y ]c chuTn c3 6i2n Duan
J Xem th2m
^ Hp +Kt
` cham kho
@ Hi2n kt n#oi
)*+a, /0c ch#Yn cZ (i?n [#an
]c chuTn mn# kh/n# thu9c chuTn Vthe8net UVVV WAJ)^, nhn# c3 kh n7n#
hot +9n# cpn#)
o Hatti%*et
o YAABa%eeh
o cUG YAABGrVXrX
o cUG YAAABGrVXcX
]c chuTn mn# kh/n# %M dOn# +-nh dn# khun# Vthe8net nhn# !}n c3 th1 kt
n:i !i Vthe8net
o WAJ)YY F9t chuTn cho mn# kh/n# dPy th=n# +i cKp !i m9t +=n#
t8Oc 4backbone5 Vthe8net)
YABa%er X Vthe8net Dua egrH 4Ier? high data rate Digital .ubscriber "ine5
Hon# each Vthe8net
G!ionic% Ru66Xgup6e; rzitched Vthe8net
)*+a, \Pm th?m
T<ng (+a
Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia
Bc ti: menu, tm kim
Bi ny !it !C khi nim t8on# tin hnc) \:i !i bi !C khi nim t8on# ;Py dSn#, ;em
c=n# 6Ma 4;Py dSn#5) \:i !i bi !C cc cch dpn# khc, ;em c=n# 6Ma 4+-nh hn#5)
Thng tin trong bi (hay on) ny khng th kim chng c do khng
c ch gii t b!t k" ng#$n tham kho no%
Xin bn hy ci thin bi !it ny b"n# cch b$ %un# ch& th'ch ti cc n#u(n uy t'n) *u bi +,c
d-ch t. Wikipedia n#/n n#0 khc th hy chuy1n n#u(n tham kho t. phi2n bn +3 cho bi ny)
c=n# 6Ma 6m nhim !O bo !
c=n# n#7n phLn mCm #in +ip
c8on# n#nh mn# my t'nh, bc t<ng (+a 4tin# Gnh: firewall5 6 8o chn m m9t %:
c nhPn, t$ chkc, doanh n#hip, c? Duan nh nc 6jp 8a nh"m n#7n chKn n#=i dpn#
mn# Unte8net t8uy cjp cc th/n# tin kh/n# mon# mu:n hoKcw! n#7n chKn n#=i dpn# t.
b2n n#oi t8uy nhjp cc th/n# tin bo mjt n"m t8on# mn# n9i b9)
A&Fng lJa 6 m9t thit b- phLn ckn# !whoKc m9t phLn mCm hot +9n# t8on# m9t m/i
t8=n# my t'nh n:i mn# +1 n#7n chKn m9t %: 6i2n 6c b- cam bi ch'nh %ch an ninh cNa
c nhPn hay t$ chkc, !ic ny t?n# tS !i hot +9n# cNa cc bkc t=n# n#7n 6Ma t8on#
cc tIa nh) c=n# 6Ma cIn +,c #ni 6 Thi;t b& bo U1 bi?n gi]i 4/order =rotection
Device X /=D5, +Kc bit t8on# cc n#0 cnh cNa *GcQ, hay b5 (^c gZi tin 4packet filter5
t8on# h +iCu hnh Brg X m9t phi2n bn sni; cNa \i hnc ]a6ifo8nia, Be8ke6ey)
*him !O c? bn cNa t=n# 6Ma 6 ki1m %ot #iao th/n# d0 6iu #i0a hai !pn# tin cjy
khc nhau) ]c !pn# tin cjy 4Kone of trust5 +i1n hnh bao #(m: mn# Unte8net 4!pn#
kh/n# +n# tin cjy5 ! mn# n9i b9 4m9t !pn# c3 +9 tin cjy cao5) FOc +'ch cu:i cpn# 6
cun# cap kt n:i c3 ki1m %ot #i0a cc !pn# !i +9 tin cjy khc nhau th/n# Dua !ic p
dOn# m9t ch'nh %ch an ninh ! m/ hnh kt n:i dSa t82n n#uy2n tc DuyCn t:i thi1u
4principle of least privilege5)
]au hnh +&n# +n cho cc t=n# 6Ma +Ii h>i ku n7n# cNa n#=i Dun t8- h th:n#) eic
ny +Ii h>i hi1u bit +n# k1 !C cc #iao thkc mn# ! !C an ninh my t'nh) *h0n# 6|i
nh> c3 th1 bin t=n# 6Ma thnh m9t c/n# cO an ninh !/ dOn#)
M'c ('c
ZTn[
Y H-ch %M
J ]c 6oi t=n# 6Ma
^ HE do %M dOn# t=n# 6Ma
` ]c n#oi tc kh/n# mon# mu:n
@ ]ch thkc n#7n chKn
t *B ! !,t t=n# 6Ma
diu Du
W *h,c +i1m khi %M dOn# t=n# 6Ma
~ ]h& th'ch
YA cham kho
)*+a, >&ch *+
]/n# n#h t=n# 6Ma bt +Lu ;uat hin !o cu:i nh0n# n7m Y~WA khi Unte8net !}n cIn 6
m9t c/n# n#h kh mi m theo kh'a cnh kt n:i ! %M dOn# t82n ton cLu) tn# +Lu
ti2n +,c + hnh thnh %au khi hn# 6ot cc !O ;Pm phm n#hi2m t8nn# +:i !i an ninh
6i2n mn# ;y 8a !o cu:i nh0n# n7m Y~WA) *7m Y~WW, m9t nhPn !i2n ti t8un# tPm
n#hi2n cku *GrG Gme% ti ]a6ifo8nia #Mi m9t bn #hi nh Dua th +in tM ti +(n#
n#hip 8"n#: ]h&n# ta +an# b- m9t con eUsr Unte8net tan c/n# *3 + +nh Be8ke6ey,
s] ran gie#o, Haz8ence Hi!e8mo8e, rtanfo8d, ! *GrG Gme%) ]on !i8u% +,c bit
+n !i t2n rPu Fo88i% ny + +,c pht tn Dua th +in tM ! khi +3 + 6 m9t %S kh3
ch-u chun# n#ay c +:i !i nh0n# n#=i dpn# !/ thn# !/ pht nhat) rPu Fo88i% 6
cu9c tan c/n# din 89n# +Lu ti2n +:i !i an ninh Unte8net) ]9n# +(n# mn# + kh/n# hC
chuTn b- cho m9t cu9c tan c/n# nh !jy ! + hon ton b- bat n#=) rau +3, c9n# +(n#
Unte8net + Duyt +-nh 8"n# u ti2n t:i cao 6 phi n#7n chKn kh/n# cho m9t cu9c tan
c/n# bat k no n0a c3 th1 ;y 8a, hn bt +Lu c9n# tc +a 8a cc E tn# mi, nh0n# h
th:n# ! phLn mCm mi +1 6m cho mn# Unte8net c3 th1 t8 6i an ton)
*7m Y~WW, bi bo +Lu ti2n !C c/n# n#h t=n# 6Ma +,c c/n# b:, khi eff Fo#u6 thu9c
gi#ita6 VDuipment ]o8p) pht t8i1n cc h th:n# 6nc +Lu ti2n +,c bit +n !i t2n cc
t=n# 6Ma 6nc #3i tin) d th:n# kh c? bn ny + 6 th h +Lu ti2n cNa ci m %au ny %{
t8 thnh m9t t'nh n7n# k thujt an ton mn# +,c pht t8i1n cao) c. n7m Y~WA +n
n7m Y~~A, hai nh n#hi2n cku ti phIn# th' n#him Gcc Be66, ga!e i8e%etto !
doza8d c8ickey, + pht t8i1n th h t=n# 6Ma thk hai, +,c bin +n !i t2n cc t=n#
6Ma tLn# mch 4circuit level firewall5) ]c bi bo cNa hene rpaffo8d \i hnc iu8due,
Bi66 ]he%zick phIn# th' n#him Gcc ! Fa8cu% anum + m/ t th h t=n# 6Ma
thk ba, !i t2n #ni t=n# 6Ma tLn# kn# dOn# 4application la?er firewall5, hay t=n# 6Ma
dSa p8o;y 4prox?-based firewall5) *#hi2n cku c/n# n#h cNa Fa8cu% anum + khi +Lu
cho !ic to 8a %n phTn th?n# mi +Lu ti2n) rn phTm ny + +,c gi#ita6 VDuipment
]o8po8ation% 4gV]5 pht hnh !i t2n rVGH) \,t bn hn# 6n +Lu ti2n cNa gV] 6 !o
n#y Y^ thn# ~ n7m Y~~Y cho m9t c/n# ty h3a chat ti b= bi1n ph'a \/n# cNa F)
ci Gcc, Bi66 ]he%zick ! rte!e Be66o!in tip tOc n#hi2n cku cNa hn !C 6nc #3i tin !
+ pht t8i1n m9t m/ hnh chy +,c cho c/n# ty cNa ch'nh hn, dSa t82n kin t8&c cNa th
h t=n# 6Ma thk nhat cNa mnh) *7m Y~~J, Bob B8aden ! Gnnette gerchon ti \i hnc
*am ]a6ifo8nia + pht t8i1n h th:n# t=n# 6Ma 6nc #3i tin th h thk t) rn phTm c3
t2n ei%a% ny 6 h th:n# +Lu ti2n c3 m9t #iao din !i mu %c ! cc bi1u t,n#, c3
th1 do dn# ci +Kt thnh phLn mCm cho cc h +iCu hnh chn# hn Fic8o%oft Windoz%
! FacwQr cNa Gpp6e ! t8uy nhjp t. cc h +iCu hnh +3) *7m Y~~`, m9t c/n# ty U%8ae6
c3 t2n ]heck ioint roftza8e cechno6o#ie% + ;Py dSn# %n phTm ny thnh m9t phLn
mCm %n %n# cho %M dOn#, +3 6 Ri8eWa66XY) F9t th h thk hai cNa cc t=n# 6Ma p8o;y
+ +,c dSa t82n c/n# n#h <e8ne6 i8o;y) chit k ny 6i2n tOc +,c ci tin nhn# cc
t'nh n7n# ! m ch?n# t8nh c? bn hin +an# +,c %M dOn# 89n# 8i t8on# c cc h
th:n# my t'nh #ia +nh ! th?n# mi) ]i%co, m9t t8on# nh0n# c/n# ty an ninh mn#
6n nhat t82n th #ii + pht hnh %n phTm ny n7m Y~~)
ch h Ri8eWa66XY mi to th2m hiu 6Sc cho +9n# c? ki1m t8a %Pu #3i tin b"n# cch chia
% chkc n7n# ny !i m9t h th:n# n#7n chKn ;Pm nhjp)
)*+a, /0c (oi t<ng (+a
]3 ba 6oi t=n# 6Ma c? bn tpy theo:
c8uyCn th/n# +,c thSc hin #i0a m9t n&t +?n ! mn#, hay #i0a m9t %: mn#)
c8uyCn th/n# +,c chKn ti tLn# mn#, hay ti tLn# kn# dOn#)
c=n# 6Ma c3 theo dxi t8n# thi cNa t8uyCn th/n# hay kh/n#)
ihPn 6oi theo phm !i cNa cc t8uyCn t8/n# +,c 6nc, c3 cc 6oi %au:
c=n# 6Ma c nhPn, m9t kn# dOn# phLn mCm !i chkc n7n# th/n# th=n# 6 6nc
d0 6iu 8a !o m9t my t'nh +?n)
c=n# 6Ma mn#, th=n# chy t82n m9t thit b- mn# hay my t'nh chuy2n dOn#
+Kt ti 8anh #ii cNa hai hay nhiCu mn# hoKc cc khu phi DuPn %S 4mn# con
t8un# #ian n"m #i0a mn# n9i b9 ! mn# b2n n#oi5) F9t t=n# 6Ma thu9c 6oi
ny 6nc tat c #iao th/n# d0 6iu !o hoKc 8a cc mn# +,c kt n:i Dua n3)
Hoi t=n# 6Ma mn# t?n# kn# !i E n#hua t8uyCn th:n# cNa thujt n#0 t=n# 6Ma t8on#
n#nh mn# my t'nh)
<hi phPn 6oi theo cc tLn# #iao thkc n?i #iao th/n# d0 6iu c3 th1 b- chKn, c3 ba 6oi
t=n# 6Ma ch'nh:
c=n# 6Ma tLn# mn#) e' dO iptab6e%)
c=n# 6Ma tLn# kn# dOn#) e' dO c]i W8appe8%)
c=n# 6Ma kn# dOn#) e' dO: hn ch cc d-ch !O ftp b"n# !ic +-nh cau hnh ti
tp /etc/ftpaccess)
]c 6oi t=n# 6Ma tLn# mn# ! t=n# 6Ma tLn# kn# dOn# th=n# t8pm 62n nhau, mKc dp
t=n# 6Ma c nhPn kh/n# phOc !O mn#, nhn# m9t %: h th:n# +?n + ci +Kt chun# c
hai)
]u:i cpn#, nu phPn 6oi theo ti2u ch' 8"n# t=n# 6Ma theo dxi t8n# thi cNa cc kt n:i
mn# hay chl Duan tPm +n t.n# #3i tin m9t cch 8i2n# 8{, c3 hai 6oi t=n# 6Ma:
c=n# 6Ma c3 t8n# thi 4.tateful firewall5
c=n# 6Ma phi t8n# thi 4.tateless firewall5
)*+a, >N do *+ d'ng t<ng (+a
Fn# inte8net n#y cn# pht t8i1n ! ph$ bin 89n# khp mni n?i, 6,i 'ch cNa n3 8at 6n)
cuy nhi2n cn# c3 8at nhiCu n#oi tc kh/n# mon# mu:n +:i !i cc c nhPn 6 cha m
hay t$ chkc, doanh n#hip, c? Duan nh nc))) nh cc t8an# zeb kh/n# php h,p 6ka
tu$i, nhim !O, 6,i 'ch, +o +kc, php 6ujt hoKc t8ao +$i th/n# tin bat 6,i cho c nhPn,
doanh n#hip))) go !jy hn 4cc c nhPn, t$ chkc, c? Duan ! nh nc5 %M dOn# t=n# 6Ma
+1 n#7n chKn)
F9t 6E do khc 6 m9t %: Du:c #ia theo ch +9 +9c ti, +9c +n# p dOn# t=n# 6Ma +1
n#7n chjn DuyCn t8ao +$i, tip cjn th/n# tin cNa c/n# dPn nc mnh kh/n# cho hn t8uy
cjp !o cc t8an# zeb hoKc t8ao +$i !i b2n n#oi, +iCu m nh cLm DuyCn cho 8"n#
kh/n# c3 6,i cho ch +9 +3)
)*+a, /0c ngoi t0c khng mong m#_n
]c n#oi tc kh/n# mon# mu:n th=n# 6 +(i t8Oy, #,i dOc 4%e;5, ch:n# +:i ch +9,
hoKc cc 6i2n 6c, #iao d-ch !i +:i thN cnh t8anh #Py 8a cho +:i t,n# n#=i dpn# +,c
cho 6 kh/n# php h,p tip cjn)
)*+a, /0ch thc ng`n ch.n
\1 n#7n chKn cc t8an# zeb kh/n# mon# mu:n, cc t8ao +$i th/n# tin kh/n# mon# mu:n
n#=i ta dpn# cch 6nc cc +-a chl zeb kh/n# mon# mu:n m hn + tjp h,p +,c hoKc
6nc n9i dun# th/n# tin t8on# cc t8an# th/n# Dua cc t. kh3a +1 n#7n chKn nh0n# n#=i
dpn# kh/n# mon# mu:n t8uy cjp !o mn# ! cho phBp n#=i dpn# h,p 6 thSc hin
!ic t8uy ;uat)
Bkc t=n# 6Ma c3 th1 6 m9t thit b- +-nh hn# 4oute8, m9t thit b- kt n:i #i0a hai hay
nhiCu mn# ! chuy1n cc th/n# tin #i0a cc mn# ny5 hay t82n m9t my chN 4re8!e85,
bao #(m phLn ckn# !whoKc phLn mCm n"m #i0a hai mn# 4chn# hn mn# Unte8net !
mn# 6i2n kt cc #ia +nh, +i1m kinh doanh inte8net, t$ chkc, c/n# ty, h th:n# *#Pn
hn#, c? Duan nh nc)
]? Duan nh nc c3 th1 6jp bkc t=n# 6Ma n#ay t. c$n# Unte8net Du:c #ia hoKc y2u cLu
cc nh cun# cap d-ch !O +=n# t8uyCn 4UXi5 ! cun# cap d-ch !O Unte8net 4Uri5 thit 6jp
h th:n# t=n# 6Ma h0u hiu hoKc y2u cLu cc +i 6E kinh doanh inte8net thSc hin cc
bin php khc nh ho# 6u
)*+a, Na U Ut t<ng (+a
]c t8an# zeb b- chKn nhat 6 cc t8an# zeb %e; th=n# 8at 6inh +9n# thay +$i +-a chl +1
t8nh %S nhjn din hoKc nhanh ch3n# th/n# bo +-a chl mi m9t cch hn ch !i cc +:i
t,n# dpn# + +-nh)
*#=i dpn# cc nc c3 h th:n# t=n# 6Ma c3 th1 tip cjn !i n9i dun# b- chjn Dua
cc n#x khc b"n# cch thay +$i +-a chl i8o;y, g*r hoKc Dua !pn# nh +m cached cNa
t8an# tm kim th/n# dOn# nh hoo#6e, ahoo))), hoKc %M dOn# phLn mCm mion ph' co8)
*3i chun# n#=i dpn# mn# hi1u bit nhiCu !C my t'nh th bit nhiCu k ;o !,t t=n#
6Ma)
)*+a, Hi1# [#
Bkc t=n# 6Ma chl c3 hiu Du t:t m9t th=i #ian %au +3 cc t8an# zeb b- chjn cn# nh
n#=i %M dOn# dpn# mu mo, k ;o, k thujt +1 nB ! !u,t t=n#, ! !jy phi 6u/n
6u/n cjp nhjt k thujt, nhjn +in cc +-a chl mi +1 thay +$i ph?n# thkc hot +9n#,
+iCu ny 6m t:c +9 t8uy cjp chun# b- #im ! +Ii h>i phi nPn# cap t8an# thit b-, k
thujt)
)*+a, Nhc im khi *+ d'ng t<ng (+a
rM dOn# t=n# 6Ma cLn phi ;M 6E m9t 6,n# 6n th/n# tin n2n !ic ;M 6E 6nc
th/n# tin c3 th1 6m chjm Du t8nh kt n:i cNa n#=i kt n:i)
eic %M dOn# t=n# 6Ma chl h0u hiu +:i !i nh0n# n#=i kh/n# thnh tho k
thujt !,t t=n# 6Ma, nh0n# n#=i %M dOn# khc c3 hi1u bit c3 th1 do dn# !,t
Dua t=n# 6Ma b"n# cch %M dOn# cc p8o;y kh/n# b- n#7n chKn)
Wikipedia
]h&n# t/i hin chap nhjn 4e*g5
bo#tPr
Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia
4+$i hn# t. B9 +-nh tuyn5
Bc ti: menu, tm kim
/<i viLt n<? viLt vC thiLt b% mMng m? tNnh) OD $Pc vC cc sJ dng khcQ xem
,outer #$%nh h&'ng()
outeu8 G!aya
B9 8oute8 *Gc cNa Hink%y%, th=n# %M dOn# cho nh0n# mn# my t'nh nh hay c? %
nh>
Qi ny cWn *X khai%
F=i bn #3p %kc !it th2m +1 bi +,c hon thin h?n) Xem phLn t8, #i&p !C cch %Ma bi)
bo#tPr, hay thi;t b& &nh t#y;n hoKc b5 &nh t#y;n, 6 m9t thit b- mn# my t'nh dpn#
+1 chuy1n cc #3i d0 6iu Dua m9t 6i2n mn# ! +n cc +Lu cu:i, th/n# Dua m9t tin
t8nh +,c #ni 6 +-nh tuyn) \-nh tuyn ;y 8a tLn# ^ tLn# mn# cNa m/ hnh QrU
tLn#)
)*+a, bo#tPr dcng (m g:
cheo cch n3i th/n# th=n#, m9t 8oute8 hot +9n# nh m9t 6i2n kt #i0a hai hoKc nhiCu
mn# ! chuy1n cc #3i d0 6iu #i0a ch&n#) oute8 +a !o bn# +-nh tuyn 4routing
table5 +1 tm +=n# +i cho #3i d0 6iu) Bn# +-nh tuyn +,c Dun t8- mn# cau hnh tunh
4static5, n#hua 6 +,c thit 6jp Y 6Ln ! th=n# do Dun t8- mn# nhjp b"n# tay, hoKc
+9n# 4d?namic5, n#hua 6 bn# tS hnc +=n# +i ! n9i dun# tS +9n# thay +$i theo %S thay
+$i cNa t/ p/ mn#) F9t cch #i&p ;Py dSn# bn# +-nh tuyn 6 theo hn# d}n cNa
]]*G)
oute8 kh/n# phi m9t thit b- chuy1n mch 4network switch5)
Wikimedia ]ommon% c3 th2m hnh nh
! ti 6iu !C: Router
Hay t. http:ww!i)zikipedia)o8#wzwinde;)phptit6eoute8o6did`~`JtAJ
ch1 6oi:
Mng ri?ng o
Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia
4+$i hn# t. ei*5
Bc ti: menu, tm kim
Mng ri?ng o hay dDN 4!it tt cho dirt#a( DriUatP NPteork5 6 m9t mn# dnh 8i2n#
+1 kt n:i cc my t'nh cNa cc c/n# ty, tjp +on hay cc t$ chkc !i nhau th/n# Dua
mn# Unte8net c/n# c9n#)
M'c ('c
ZTn[
Y FOc +'ch
J ]c F/ hnh ei*
o J)Y c8uy ]jp t. ;a 48emoteXGcce%%5
o J)J Unt8anet ei*
o J)^ V;t8anet ei*
)*+a, M'c fch
]/n# n#h dDN chl 8x ^ y2u cLu c? bn:
Y) ]un# cap t8uy nhjp t. ;a ti ti n#uy2n cNa t$ chkc mni 6&c, mni n?i)
J) <t n:i cc chi nhnh !7n phIn# !i nhau)
^) <i1m %ot t8uy nhjp cNa khch hn#, nh cun# cap ! cc thSc th1 b2n n#oi ti
nh0n# ti n#uy2n cNa t$ chkc)
)*+a, /0c M h:nh dDN
]c m/ hnh ei* bao #(m:
[sa] Truy Cp t xa (remote-Access)
day cn# +,c #ni 6 Mng [#ay *_ ri?ng o 4Iirtual =rivate Dial-up +etwork5 hay
dD=N, +Py 6 dn# kt n:i s%e8XtoXHan p dOn# cho cc c/n# ty m cc nhPn !i2n c3
nhu cLu kt n:i ti mn# 8i2n# 4p8i!ate netzo8k5 t. cc +-a +i1m t. ;a ! b"n# cc thit
b- khc nhau)
<hi ei* +,c t8i1n khai, cc nhPn !i2n chl !ic kt n:i Unte8net th/n# Dua cc Uri% !
%M dOn# cc phLn mCm ei* ph'a khch +1 t8uy cjp mn# c/n# ty cNa hn) ]c c/n# ty
khi %M dOn# 6oi kt n:i ny 6 nh0n# hn# 6n !i hn# t87m nhPn !i2n th?n# mi) ]c
c8uy ]jp t. ;a ei* +m bo cc kt n:i +,c bo mjt, m ho #i0a mn# 8i2n# 8{ cNa
c/n# ty !i cc nhPn !i2n t. ;a Dua m9t nh cun# cap d-ch !O thk ba 4thi8dXpa8ty5
]3 hai ki1u c8uy cjp t. ;a ei*: Y) ei* dpn# 8i2n# J) ei* dpn# Y mnh
Y) <hi to bi ph'a khch 41lient-0nitiated5 *#=i dpn# t. ;a %M dOn# phLn mCm
ei* c6ient +1 thit 6jp m9t +=n# hLm an ton ti mn# 8i2n# th/n# Dua m9t Uri
t8un# #ian)
J) <hi to bi *Gr 4+etwork *ccess .erver-initiated5 *#=i dpn# t. ;a Duay %:
ti m9t Uri) *Gr %{ thit 6jp m9t +=n# hLm an ton ti mn# 8i2n# cLn kt n:i)
ei c8uy cjp t. ;a ei*, cc nhPn !i2n di +9n# ! nhPn !i2n 6m !ic nh chl phi t8
chi ph' cho cu9c #ni n9i b9 +1 kt n:i ti Uri ! kt n:i ti mn# 8i2n# cNa c/n# ty, t$
chkc) ]c thit b- ph'a my chN ei* c3 th1 6 ]i%co oute8%, iUX Ri8eza66% hoKc ei*
]oncent8ato8%, ph'a c6ient 6 cc phLn mCm ei* hoKc ]i%co oute8%)
Site-to-Site: B"n# !ic %M dOn# m9t thit b- chuy2n dOn# ! c? ch bo mjt din 89n#,
m|i c/n# ty c3 th1 to kt n:i !i 8at nhiCu cc %ite Dua m9t mn# c/n# c9n# nh
Unte8net)
riteXtoX%ite ei* c3 th1 thu9c m9t t8on# hai dn# %au:
[sa] Intranet VPN
p dOn# t8on# t8=n# h,p c/n# ty c3 m9t hoKc nhiCu +-a +i1m ;a, m|i +-a +i1m +Cu +
c3 m9t mn# cOc b9 HG*) <hi +3 hn c3 th1 ;Py dSn# m9t mn# 8i2n# o +1 kt n:i cc
mn# cOc b9 !o m9t mn# 8i2n# th:n# nhat)
[sa] Extranet VPN
<hi m9t c/n# ty c3 m:i Duan h mjt thit !i m9t c/n# ty khc 4!' dO nh +:i tc cun#
cap, khch hn#)))5, hn c3 th1 ;Py dSn# m9t ei* e;t8anet 4ei* m 89n#5 kt n:i HG*
!i HG* +1 nhiCu t$ chkc khc nhau c3 th1 6m !ic t82n m9t m/i t8=n# chun#)
M0y chC
Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia
4+$i hn# t. re8!e85
Bc ti: menu, tm kim
Thng tin trong bi (hay on) ny khng th kim chng c do khng
c ch gii t b!t k" ng#$n tham kho no%
Xin bn hy ci thin bi !it ny b"n# cch b$ %un# ch& th'ch ti cc n#u(n uy t'n) *u bi +,c
d-ch t. Wikipedia n#/n n#0 khc th hy chuy1n n#u(n tham kho t. phi2n bn +3 cho bi ny)
F9t %: my chN cNa Wikimedia
M0y chC, m0y Vh'c U' hay h1 th_ng c#_i
ZcRn dGn nguSn[
4tin# Gnh: server computer, end
s?stem5 6 m9t my t'nh +,c n:i mn#, c3 Ui tunh, c3 n7n# 6Sc ;M 6E cao ! t82n my +3
n#=i ta ci +Kt cc phLn mCm +1 phOc !O cho cc my t'nh khc 4my t8m5 t8uy cjp +1
y2u cLu cun# cap cc d-ch !O ! ti n#uy2n)
Wikipedia
]h&n# t/i hin chap nhjn 4e*g5
4ork*tation
Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia
Bc ti: menu, tm kim
Qi ho.c on ny cBn c eiki hZa thPo c0c [#y c0ch &nh dng U U`n
Vhong 4ikiVPdia%
Xin hy #i&p pht t8i1n bi ny b"n# cch 6i2n kt t8on# +n cc mOc t. th'ch h,p khc)
Wo8k%tation 4m9t %: ti 6iu #ni 6 m? trMm5 +,c %M dOn# theo cc n#hua:
F9t my t'nh dnh cho c nhPn %M dOn# nhn# c3 cau hnh mnh h?n, chy
nhanh h?n, ! c3 nhiCu kh n7n# h?n m9t my t'nh c nhPn th/n# dOn#) Fy
t8m chN yu dnh cho nhu cLu %M dOn# doanh n#hip hay chuy2n n#hip 4h?n 6
dpn# cho nhu cLu #ia +nh hay #ii t8'5) *3 +,c thit k ! cau hnh cho cc kn#
dOn# k thujt 4]Ggw]GF5, pht t8i1n phLn mCm, cc kin t8&c %, nh thit k
+( hna,))) hay bat ck ai c3 nhu cLu %kc mnh +in ton !.a phi, dun# 6,n# b9
nh GF 6n, ! cc kh n7n# +( hna t?n# +:i cao cap)
dai h +iCu hnh th=n# +,c dpn# cho my t8m 6 sni; ! Windoz% *c)
Wo8k%tation !:n +,c pht t8i1n !C k thujt cpn# th=i ! dnh cho cpn# +:i t,n# cNa h
+iCu hnh sni;) *h0n# nh %n ;uat my t8m thnh c/n# nhat phi k1 ti run
Fic8o%y%tem%, dez6ettXiacka8d, gV] ! UBF)
hi:n# nh my t'nh c nhPn, hLu ht my t8m 6 my t'nh m9t n#=i %M dOn#) cuy
nhi2n, +Kc thp cNa my t8m 6 +,c 6i2n kt !i nhau thnh m9t mn# cOc b9 HG*)
eC kh'a cnh h th:n# 4network5, hn# UBF ! m9t %: hn# khc +/i khi dpn#
thujt n#0 zo8k%tation 4cIn +,c #ni 6 programmable workstation5 !i n#hua: bat
ck m9t my t'nh c nhPn no m3c n:i !o m9t my t'nh 6n 4mainframe5) chSc t
6 t8on# m/i t8=n# c/n# ty n#y nay, nhiCu nhPn !i2n c3 nh0n# zo8k%tation nh
th) ]h&n# +?n #in chl 6 nh0n# chic my t'nh c nhPn +,c kt n:i !i mn#
HG* +1 chia % cc n#u(n ti n#uy2n cNa m9t hay nhiCu my t'nh 6n h?n) e bi
! ch&n# !:n 6 my t'nh c nhPn, n2n cc zo8k%tation nh th cn# c3 th1 +,c
%M dOn# m9t cch +9c 6jp kh>i my mainf8ame do ch&n# c3 nh0n# phLn mCm kn#
dOn# 8i2n# +,c ci +Kt ! c3 $ +ua ckn# 8i2n#) chujt n#0 zo8k%tation t8on# n#0
cnh ny +,c dpn# +1 phPn bit #i0a te8mina6 4thit b- +Lu cu:i5 hay di%p6ay
te8mina6)
*3i t3m 6i, c3 th1 phPn bit: my t8m mnh h?n i] nhn# yu h?n my chN)
GT=b
Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia
Bc ti: menu, tm kim
Thng tin trong bi (hay on) ny khng th kim chng c do khng
c ch gii t b!t k" ng#$n tham kho no%
Xin bn hy ci thin bi !it ny b"n# cch b$ %un# ch& th'ch ti cc n#u(n uy t'n) *u bi +,c
d-ch t. Wikipedia n#/n n#0 khc th hy chuy1n n#u(n tham kho t. phi2n bn +3 cho bi ny)
rM dOn# Qcg
M0y o GT=b 6 m9t thit b- Duan# +in tM th=n# +,c %M dOn# +1 ;c +-nh +Kc t'nh
cNa m9t %,i Duan#) Fy Qcg b?m !o m9t 6ot cc ;un# Duan# !o t8on# %,i Duan#
cLn ki1m t8a ! n3 cn# +a 8a ti +Lu cu:i cNa %,i Duan# +3, nh %n# +,c phPn tn !
b- phn ; t8 6i ti +i1m chl %: phn ; thay +$i) 4\iCu ny t?n# +?n# !i m9t my
+o cg +o cc phn ; #Py bi %S thay +$i t8 khn# t82n %,i cp +,c ki1m t8a)5) ]=n#
+9 cNa ;un# phn ; +,c +o ! t'ch h,p nh m9t hm th=i #ian ! +,c phc hna thnh
hm theo +9 di cNa cp)
Fy Qcg c3 th1 %M dOn# +1 c 6,n# +9 di %,i Duan# ! %uy hao t$n# t82n ton %,i,
bao #(m %uy hao cNa m:i hn ! cc +Lu connecto8) *3 cn# +,c %M dOn# +1 ;c +-nh
6|i, nh #y ! +o %uy hao phn ; Duan#)
ch2m !o +3 !i y2u cLu cc +Kc t8n# !C Duan# hoKc +in, cc my Qcg c3 kh n7n#
t'nh ton Duan t8nn# ! hi1n th- dn# +( hna, n2n ch&n# c3 th1 cun# cap cc t'nh ton cc
!an +C Duan t8nn# m9t cch tS +9n#)cuy nhi2n, +1 %M dOn# ! khai thc +&n# m9t my
Qcg +Ii h>i +,c +o to m9t k thujt +Kc bit ! kinh n#him)
Qcg th=n# +,c %M dOn# +1 m/ t +Kc t'nh cNa %uy hao ! +9 di cNa cp Duan# mi
;uat ;n#, ki1m t8a bn cp, !jn chuy1n !o kho khi ct, 6p +Kt %au khi hn) _n# dOn#
cu:i cpn# cNa ki1m t8a 6p +Kt c3 nhiCu kh3 kh7n h?n, khi +3 n3 kh/n# b- nh hn# bi
khon# cch Du di , hoKc c3 Du nhiCu m:i hn +Kt kc n#n, hoKc cc %,i Duan# c3
+Kc t'nh Duan# hnc khc nhau +,c n:i !i nhau) ]c kt Du +o Qcg th=n# +,c 6u
t80 cTn thjn t8on# t8=n# h,p %,i Duan# b- h h>n# hoKc c3 y2u cLu bo hnh) r,i Duan#
h>n# c3 th1 #Py thit hi n#hi2m t8nn#, t8on# c hai hai t8=n# h,p %Ma ch0a t8Sc tip, !
do hju Du cNa !ic mat d-ch !O)
Qcg c3 th1 +o +,c ti nhiCu bc %3n# ! ki1u %,i Duan# khc nhau, th/n# th=n# 6
cc bc %3n# hay %M dOn# nh W@A, Y^YA hay Y@@Anm, +,c %M dOn# +1 ;c +inh %uy
hao #Py 8a bi cc +Lu connecto8 hoKc cc m:i hn)
gi +9n# Duan# cNa m9t my Qcg +,c #ii hn bi %S pha t89n cc yu t: nh +9
89n# ;un#, +9 nhy +Lu !o, c/n# %uat +Lu 8a, ! th=i #ian phPn t'ch t'n hiu) ]/n# %uat
+Lu 8a ;un# Duan# cn# cao ! +9 nhy +Lu !o cn# t:t, th %{ 6m t7n# di +o, ! ch&n#
th=n# +,c t'ch h,p ! +,c c: +-nh %n t82n m|i m9t thit b- 8i2n# 6) cuy nhi2n +9
89n# ;un# Duan# ! th=i #ian phPn t'ch t'n hiu 6 do n#=i dpn# c3 th1 hiu chlnh +,c,
! y2u cLu phi +,c cPn b"n# !i m|i kn# dOn# 8i2n# bit)
Xun# 6a%e8 di h?n %{ 6m t7n# di +9n# ! +9 phPn di +o %uy hao ti m9t khon#
cchv)) !' dO %M dOn# m9t ;un# c3 +9 di c3 th1 +o +,c %uy hao ti khon# cch h?n
YAAkm, tuy nhi2n t8on# t8=n# h,p ny cc %S kin Duan# chl c3 th1 hi1n th- t82n Ykm
chiCu di) ]ch ny +,c %M dOn# +1 ;c +-nh +Kc t'nh cNa ton b9 +=n# kt n:i)

You might also like