McQuiston HVAC Analysis Design 6th Solutions PDF

SOLUTION MANUAL
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Chapter 1

1-1 (a) 98 Btu/(hr-ft-F) x1.7307 =170 W/(m-K)

(b) 0.24 Btu/(Ibm-F) x4186.8=1.0 kJ /kg-K

(c)
0.04 Ibm/(ft-hr)
3600 sec/hr
x1.488 =16.5
2
Ns
m

(d) 1050
Btu
Ibm
x
4
1
9.48x10

J
Btu
x
2.20462Ibm
kg
=2.44
MJ
kg

(e) 12,000
Btu
Ibm
x
1
3.412
=3.52 kW

(f) 14.7
2
Ibf
in
x 6894.76 =101 kPa

1-2 (a) 120 kPa x
2
lbf /in
6.89476kPa
=17.4 lbf/in
2

(b) 100
W
m K
x 0.5778 =57.8 Btu/hr-ft-F

(c) 0.8
2
W
m K
x 0.1761 =0.14 Btu/hr-ft
2
-F

(d) 10
-6
N-s/m
2
x
1
1.488
=6.7 x 10
-7

lbm
ft sec

(e) 1200 kW x 3412 =4.1 x 10
-6
Btu/hr
2

(f) 1000
kJ
kg
x
1 Btu
1.055 kJ
x
1 kg
2.2046 lbm
=430
Btu
lbm

1-3 Hp =50 (ft) x 0.3048 (
m
ft
) =15.2 m
P =
15.2 m
1000 Pa/kPa
x
9.807
1
(
N
kg
) x 1000 (kg/m
3
) =149 kPa

1-4 P =
4
12
(ft) x 0.3048 (
m
ft
) x
9.807
1
(
N
kg
) x 1000 (
3
kg
m
)

P =996 Pa 1.0 kPa

1-5

TOTAL BILL =ENERGY CHARGE +DEMAND CHARGE

+METER CHARGE

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
96,000 kw - hrs 0.045 $/kw hr + 624 kw 11 50 $/kw

+$68 =$4,320 +$7,176 +$68 =$11,564

1-6 7 AM to 6 PM 11 hrs/day, 5 days/wk

hrs days
(11) (22) 242hrs/month
day months
=

Excerpts fromthis work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
3

( )
( )
( )
624 kw
ratio = 1.57
96,000 kw hr
242 hr
=

1-7 This is a trial and error solution since eq. 1-1 cannot be solved
explicitly for i.
Answer converges at just over 4.2% using eq. 1-1
1-8 Determine present worth of savings using eq. 1-1

( )
( )( ) 12 12
0.012
$1000 1- 1+
12
P =
0.012
12
P $134,000

=

1-9 (a) Q VA =
=2 x 3.08 x 10
-3
=6.16 x 10
-3
m
3
/s

m 6.16 x 10 Q =

=
-3
x 998 =6.15 kg/s

(b) A=
4
(0.3)
2
=7.07 x 10
-2
m
2

Q 7.07x10 =
-2
x 4 =0.283 m
3
/ s; = 1.255 kq/m
3

m=1.225 x 0.283 =0.347 kg/s

1-10 V =3x10x20 =600m
3

4
=600 x
i
Q
1
4
x
1
3600
=4.17 x 10
-2
m
3
/s

1-11

p p
3
q =mc T c =4.183 kJ /(kg-K)
=983.2 kg/m

1-11 (contd)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3
c
3
m kg kJ
q = 1 983.2 4.183 5 20,564
s kg K
m
q =20,564 kw
=
kJ
s


1-12 =
wat
q
air
q

11,200(1)(10) =

=
2
5000x60x14.7x144x0.24(t 50)
(53.35x510)

11,200 =5601.5 (t
2
-50); t
2
=(11,200/5601.5) +50 =70 F

1-13 Diagram as in 1-12 above.

q
wat
=-q
air

1.5 (4186)(90-t
2
) =2.4 (1.225)(1.0)(30-20)(1000)

6279(90-t
2
) =29,400


Excerpts fromthis work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not- l purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permissi
5
t
2
=90 -
29,400
6279
=85.3 C

1-14 q hA(t =
s
- ) t

A= (1/12) x 10 =2.618 ft
2

s
t
=t
sur
212 F

=10x2.618x(212-50) =4241 Btu/hr q

1-15 A= x 0.25x4 =3.14 16 m
2

hA(t q=
s
- ) t
h=
s
q
A(t -t )
=
1250
3.1416(100 10)
; h =4.42 W/(m
2
C)

1-16 (t
p
q mc =

2
-t
1
) ; m Q x =

= P/RT =14.7x144/53.35(76+460)

=0.074 lbm/ft
3

m=5000x0.074x60 =22,208 lbm/hr

=0.24 Btu/lbm-F
p
c

q=22,208x0.24(58-76) =-95,939 Btu/hr

Negative sign indicates cooling

1-17 (t
1 p
mc
3
-t
1
) +
for-profit basis for testing or instructiona
Any other reproduction or translation of
on of the copyright owner is unlawful.

6
(t
2 p2
mc
3
-t
2
) =0

=
p1
c
p2
c

t
3
=
11 2 2
1 2
(mt m t )
(m m )
+
+

1 2
m Q
1
=

=1000x
14.7x144
53.35(460 50) +
=73.5 lbm/min

1-17 (contd)

2 2
m Q
2
=

=600x
14.7x144
53.35(460 50) +
=46.7 lbm/min

3
(73.5x80) (46.7 x 50)
t 68.3 F
(73.5 46.7)
+
= =
+

7

Chapter 2

2-1 through 2-20

Solutions are not furnished since many acceptable responses exist
for each problem. It is not expected that the beginning student can handle
these questions easily. The objective is to make the student think about
the complete design problem and the various functions of the system.
These problems are also intended for use in class discussions to enlarge
the text material.

Chapter 3

3-1 (a) P
v
= =
s r
P 0.45(3.17)kPa =1.43 kPa or 0.45(0.435) =0.196 psia

P
a
=101 1.43 =99.57 kPa or 14.696-0.196 =14.5 psia

(b)
=
v
v
P
R
v
T or
= = =
3
v
v v
v
P 1430
; 0.0104 kg/m
R T 462.5(297)

or =
0.196(144)
0.00062
85.78(535)
lbv/ft
3

(c) W =
0.6219 (1.43)
(99.57)
=0.00893 kgv/kga

or
0.6219(0.196)
0.00854lbv/lba
14.5
=

3-2 (a) English Units t =80F; P =14.696 psia;

P
v
=0.507 psia Table A-1a

W =0.6219
a
v
P
P
=
0.6219 (0.507)
(14.696 0.507)
=0.0222 lbv/lba

i =0.24t +W(1062.2 +0.444t)

i =0.24 (80) +0.0222[1061.2 +0.444(80)] =43.55 Btu/lbm

8
v =
a
a
R T 53.35(460 80)
P (14.696 0.507)144
+
=
=13.61 ft
3
/lbm

(b) English Units 32F, 14.696 psia

P
v
=0.089 psia (Table A-1)

3-2 (contd)
W =
0.6219(0.089) lbmv
0.00379
(14.696 0.089) lbma
=

i =0.24(32) +0.00379 [1061.2 +0.444(32)] =11.76 Btu/lbma

v =
53.35(492)
(14.696 0.089)144
=12.48 ft
3
/lbma

3-2 (a) SI Units 27C; 101.325 kPa

P
v
=3.60 kPa, Table A-1b

W =0.6219
v
a
P 0.6219(3.6) kgv
0.0229
P (101.325 3.6) kga
= =

i =1.0t +W(2501.3 +1.86t) kJ /kga

i =27 +0.0229(2501.3 +1.86 x 27) =85.43 kJ / kga

v =
3
a
a
R T 0.287(300)
= =0.88 m /kga
P (101.325 - 3.6)

(b) SI Units 0.0C; 101.325 kPa

P
v

W =
0.6219(0.61)
=0.00377 kgv/kga
(101.325 - 0.61)

9

i =0.0 +0.00377 (2501.3 1.86 x 0.0) =9.42 kJ /kga

v =
3
0.287(273)
0.778 m /kga
(101.325 - 0.61)
=

3-3 (a) English Units 5000 ft elevation, P =12.24 psia =24.92 in.Hg

t =80 F; P
v
=0.507 psia (Table A-1a)

W =0.6219
v
a
P 0.6219(0.507)
=
P (12.24 - 0.507)
=0.0269 lbv/lba

i =0.24(80) +0.0269 [1061.2 +0.444(80)] =48.7 Btu/lbma

v =
a
a
R T 53.35(540)
=
P (12.24 - 0.507) 144
=17.05 ft
3
/ lbma

(b) English Units t =32 F, P
v
=0.089 psia ( Table A-1a)

W =
0.6219(0.089)
(12.24 0.089)
=0.00456 lbmv/lbma

i =0.24(32) +0.00456 [1061.2 +0.444(32)] =12.58 Btu/lbma

v =
53.35(492)
(12.24 0.089)144
=15.00 ft
3
/lbma

3-3 (a) SI Units -27 C, 1500 m elevation

P =99.436 +1500(-0.01) =84.436 kPa

P
v

10
W =
0.6219x3.60
0.0277 kgv/kga
(84.436 3.60)
=

i =27 +0.0277 (2501.3 +1.86 x 27) =97.68 kJ /kga

3-3 (contd)
v =
3
0.287x300
1.065 m / kga
(84.436 - 3.60)
=

(b) SI Units 0.0C; 1500m or 84.436 kPa

P
v
=0.61 kPa; Table A-1b

W =
0.6219 x 0.61
0.00453 kgv / kga
(84.436 - 0.61)
=

i =0.0 +0.00453 (2501.3 0.0 x 1.86) =11.33 kJ / kga

v =
0.287 x 273
(84.436 - 0.61)
=0.935 m
3
/ kga

3-4 (a) English Units 70F, P
v
=0.363 psia

P
v
= P
g
=0.75(0.363) =0.272 psia

W =
0.6219 (0.272)
0.0117 lbmv / lbma
(14.696 - 0.272)
=

i =0.24 (70) +0.0117 [1061.2 +0.444 (70)] 29.58 Btu / lbma =

(b) P
v
=0.75 (0.363) =0.272 psia; P =12.24 psia

11
W =
0.6219 (0.272)
(12.24 - 0.272)
=0.0141 lbmv / lbma

i =0.24(70) +0.0141 [1061.2 +0.444 (70)] 32.20 Btu/ lbma =

3-4 SI Units

(a) 20C, 75% RH, Sea Level

3-4 (contd)

P
s
=2.34 kPa; P
v
=0.75 x 2.34 =1.755 kPa

0.6219 x 1.755
W = =
(101.325 - 1.755)
0.0110 kgv / kga

i =1.0 t +W(2501.3 +1.86t)

i =20 +0.0110(2501.3 +1.86 x 20) =47.92 kJ / kga

(b) 20C, 75% RH, 1525m

P =99.436 0.01 x 1525 =84.186 kPa

P
s
=2.34 KPa; P
v
=0.75 x 2.34 =1.755 kPa

W =
0.6219 x 1.755
(84.186 - 1.755)
=0.0132 kgv / kga

i =20 +0.0132(2501.3 +1.86 x 20) =53.51 kJ / kga

3-5 English Units

t =72 Fdb; psia 14.696 P %; 50 = =

s v
s
v
P P or
P
P
= = ; P
v
=0.5(0.3918) =0. 196psia

12
Air dewpoint =saturated temp. at 0.196 psia =52.6 F

Moisture will condense because the glass temp.

40 F is below the dew point temp.

3-5 SI Units t =22C ; 50% ; P =100 kPa
P
v
=
Ps ; P
v
=0.5(2.34) =1.17 kPa

3-5 (contd)

Air dewpoint =sat.temp. at 1.17 kPa =9.17 C

Glass temp. of 4 C is below the dewpoint of 9.17 C, therefore,

moisture will ccondense on the glass

3-6 English Units -

(a) At 55F, 80% RH, va =13.12 ft
3
/ lba and
a
=0.0752 lbma / ft
3

=22,860 lbma / hr
a
m 5000 (0.0762) 381 lbma / min = =

(b) Using PSYCH
a
=0.0610 lbma / ft
3
or v
a
=16.4 ft
3
/ lba

=5000 (0.061) =305 lbma / min
a
m
18,300 lbma / hr =

3-6 SI Units

(a) t =13 C and relative humidity 80%

then v
a
0.820 m
3
/ kga;
a
m 2.36 / 0.82 2.88 kga / s = =

(b) Assuming same conditions

;
3
a
v 0.985 m / kga =
a
m 2.36 / 0.985 2.40 kga / s = =

13

3-7 English Units t =80F, 60% RH

(a)
v s
P P 0.6 (0.507) 0.304 psia = = =

=64.5 F
dp sat v
t (t @ P = )

(b) Same as (a) above

3-7 SI Units

(a) 27 C, 60% RH, Sea Level

P
s
=3.57 kPa; P
v
=0.6 x 3.57 =2.14 kPa

dp sat v
t =(t at P ) 18.4 C

(b) Same as (a) above

3-8
dp
t 9C (48F)

42%
; W 0.0071 kgv / kga (lbv / lba)

Chart 1a & 1b
14
10 15 20 25
30
35
40
45
5
0
5
5
55
6
0
60
ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR
15
20
25
3
0
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y

-
B
T
U
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
10% RELATIVE HUMIDITY
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
3
5
35
40
40
45
45
50
50 5
5
55
60
60
6
5
65
7
0
70
7
5
75
8
0
80
8
5 W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
dp Room
Problem 3-8
W=0.0071
72 (22) 48 (9)
42 %
R R
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
.4
-0
.3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
. 1
0
.2
0
. 3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-9 (a,b,d) Using the Properties option of PSYCH:

Relative Humidity =0.59 or 59%

Enthalpy =30.4 Btu/lbma

Humidity Ratio =0.0114 lbu/lba

(c) Again using the Properties option

At W=0.0114 lbv/lba; RH =1.00 or 100%

The dew point =t
db
or t
wb
=59.9 F
15

3-9 (contd)

(e) Using the Density of Dry Air option:

Mass Density =0.070 lba/ft
3

3-10 Using program PSYCH

(a) t
db
=102.6; t
wb
=81.1F

75 F
db
; 65 f
wb
; 14.2 psia

(b) m 58.7
lbm/hr

Q
2
=1027 cfm

3-11 t
1
=80 / 67 F; t
2
=55 F and sat.; assume std. barometer

(a) W
1
W
2
=0.0112 0.0092 =0.002 lbv / lba

(b)
l
q 31.5 - 29.3 2.2 Btu / lba = =

(c) q
s
=29.3 23.2 =6.1 Btu / lba

(d) q =
l s
q q 8.3 Btu / lba + =

3-12 (a)
*
2
0.6219 (0.3095)
W 0.0134 kgv / kga
(14.696 0.3095)
= =

1
0.24 (65 - 80) ( 0.0134 x 1056.5)
W 0.00993 lbv / lba
(1096 - 33)
+
= =

also W
1
=0.6219 P
v1
/ (P P
v1
)

16
P
v1
=(0.00993 x 14.696) / ( 0.6219 +0.00993) =0.231 psia

3-12 (contd)

1
0.231
0.46 or 46%
0.507
= =

(b) P =29.42 (0.0009 x 5000) =24.92 in.Hg. or P =12.24 psia

*
2
0.6219 x (0.3095)
W 0.01613
(12.24 - 0.3095)
= = lbv/lba

W
1
=
0.24(65 80) (0.01613 x 1056.5)
0.01265 lbv / lba
( 1096 - 33)
+
=
or kgv / kga

P
v1
=0.01265 x 12.24 / ( 0.6219 +0.01265) =0.244 psia

1
0.244
0.48 or 48%
0.507
= =

3-13 (a) Sea Level

Dry
Bulb, F
Wet
Bulb, F
Dew
point
F
Humid.
Ratio, lba/lbv
Enthalpy
Btu/lba
Rel.
Humid., %
Mass
Density
lba/ft
3
85 60 40.6 0.0053 26.6 21 0.072
75 59.6 49.2 0.0074 26.1 40 0.073
74.6 65.1 60.1 0.0111 30 60 0.073
88.6 70 60.9 0.01143 33.8 40 0.071
100 85.8 81.7 0.0235 50 56 0.068

17
(a) 5000 ft.

Dry
Bulb, F
Wet
Bulb, F
Dew
point
F
Humid.
Ratio, lba/lbv
Enthalpy
Btu/lba
Rel.
Humid., %
Mass
Density
lba/ft
3
85 60 45.1 0.0076 28.7 25 0.060
75 58.6 49.2 0.0089 27.7 40 0.061
71.2 61.6 56.7 0.0118 30 60 0.061
102.7 70 55.8 0.01143 37.3 22 0.058
100 81.3 76.1 0.0235 50 47 0.057

(c) Note effect of barometric pressure.

18
3-14
10 1
5
2
0
2
5
30
35
4
0
4
5
50
55
55
60
60
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y

-
B
T
U
P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
3
5
35
40
40
45
45 5
0
50 5
5
55
60
60
6
5
65
7
0
70
7
5
75
8
0
80
8
5 W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
dp Room
Problem 3-14
72 (22) 52 (11)
Max RH=49.6 %
W=0.0083
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
.4
-0
. 3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
. 1
0
.2
0
.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHAL PY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-15 Use Chart 1b, SI

(a) t
d
=10 C; SHF =0.62

(b)
1 2
2.4
q m (i i ) (57.1 - 34)
0.867
= =

=63.95 kJ / s =63.95 k W

s
q 63.95 (0.62) 39.65 kW = =

3-15 Use Chart 1a, IP

(a) t
d
=52 F; SHF =0.63

19
3-15 (contd)

(b)
5000(60)
q = (32 - 22.6)=203,317. Btu/hr
13.87

10 15 20 25
3
0
3
5
40
45
50
55
55
60
60
1
5
2
0
25
3
0
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y

-
B
T
U
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
3
5
35
40
40
4
5
45
50
50 5
5
55
60
60
6
5
65
7
0
70
7
5
75
8
0
80
8
5 W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
ADP
2
Problem 3-15
80 (27) 55 (13) 52 (10)
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2. 0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
.4
-0
.3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
. 1
0
.2
0
.3
0. 4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W
s
q 203,317 (0.63) 128,089. Btu/hr = =

3-16 (a) i
1
=30 Btu / lba; v
1
=13.78 ft
3
/ lba; W =0.0103
lba
lbv
; 50%
1
=

(b) i
1
=51.6 kJ / kga

v
1
=0.86 m
3
/ kga
20

3-16 (contd)

W
1
=
kga
kgv
0103 . 0
50%
1
=

3-17 Use the Heat Transfer option of program PSYCH:

q =148,239 Btu/hr

s
q 102,235 Btu/hr =

SHF =0.69

3-18 Use the Heat Transfer option of program PSYCH for sensible heat

transfer only:

s
q 178,911 Btu/hr =

Negative sign indicates heating.

3-19 Use the program PSYC to compute the various

properties at 85/68 F; sea level and

6000 ft elevation.

Elevation
ft
Enthalpy
Btu/lbm
Rel. Hum
percent
Hum. Ratio
lbv/lba
Density
lba/ft
3
0 32.2 42 0.0107 0.072
6000 36.3 45 0.0144 0.058

At sea level:
a
m 5000 x 0.072 x 60 21,600 lba/hr = =


21
3-19 (contd)

At 6000 feet::
a
m 5000 x 0.057 x 60 17,100 lba/hr = =

Percent Decrease at 6000 ft:

(21,600 17,100)100
PD 20.8%
21,600
= =

3-20 Use the program PSYC to compute the heat transfer

rates at 1000 and 6000 feet elevation:

(a) at 1000 ft, q 200,534 Btu/hr =

(b) at 6000 ft, q 190,224 Btu/hr =

(c) PD =
(200,534 190,224)100
5.1 %
200,543
=

3-21 (a) English Units

; =0 in.Hg. 29.92 P
B
=

q

w
i
i 180.2 0.8 (970.2)
W
= = +

i
w
=956.4 Btu / lbv

From chart 1a; t
2
=91.5 F

22
10 15 20 25
30
35
40
45
50
55
55
60
60
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
- B
T
U
P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
35
35
40
40
45
45 50
50 55
55
60
60
65
65
70
70
75
75
8
0
80
8
5 W
E
T B
U
LB
TE
M
P
E
R
AT
U
R
E
- F
85
90
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
2
Problem 3-21
98 (38) 91.5 (32)
60 %
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
. 4
-0
. 3 -0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0. 6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHAL PY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-21 (a) SI Units

P
B
=101.325 kPa

w
i
i 419.04 (0.8 x 2257)
W
= = +

i
W
=2224.6 kJ / kg
From chart 1b; t
2
=32 C

(b) Use Humidification (adiabatic) option to obtain 91.5 F db.

3-22 P
B
=29.92 in.Hg.; 0 q=

(a) Using chart 1a
23

3-22 (contd)

w
i
i 1090 Btu / lbm
W
= =

From table A-1

f
fg
i-i 1090 - 196.1
x =
i 960.
=
1

x =0.931 or about 93 %

(b) x will be the same

10 15 20 25
30
35
40
45
50
55
55
60
60
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y

-
B
T
U
P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
35
35
40
40
4
5
45
50
50 55
55
60
60
65
65
70
70
7
5
75
8
0
80
85 W
E
T
B
U
L
B T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
a
b Problem 3-22
80
60
1090
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8. 0 -4.0
-2. 0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
.4
-0
. 3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
.2
0
.3
0. 4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

24

3-23 Assume P
B
=101.325 kPa; 0 q=

w
i 272.1
i kJ / kg
W 1000
= =

i
w
=0.272 (on scale)

t
2
=22.6 C
1
0
2
0
3
0
4
0
50
6
0
7
0
8
0
90
100
11
0
11
0
12
0
1
2
0
ENTHALPY - KJ PER KILOGRAM OF DRY AIR
10
2
0
3
0
4
0
5
0
6
0
7
0
80
9
0
100
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
-
K
J
P
E
R
K
IL
O
G
R
A
M

O
F

D
R
Y
A
I
R
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

C
51
0
1
5
2
0
2
5
3
0
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
C
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
20%
30%
40%
5
0
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
5
5
10
10
1
5
15
2
0
20
2
5
25
3
0
W
E
T
B
U
LB
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- C
30
0
.7
8
0
.8
0
0
.8
2
0
.
8
4
0
.8
6
V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
B
IC
M
E
T
E
R
P
E
R
k
g
D
R
Y
A
IR
0
.8
8
0
.9
0
0
.9
2
0
.9
4
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
G
R
A
M
S
M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

K
I
L
O
G
R
A
M
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
2
Problem 3-23
38 22.6
20
80 %
0.272
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPa
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
1.5
2.0
4.0
-4.0
-2
.0
-1
.0
-0
.5
-0
.2
0
.1
0
.2
0
. 3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0. 7
0.8
-5.0
-2.0
0.0
1
.0
2
.0
2
. 5
3
. 0
4 . 0
5 . 0
1 0 . 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-24 For adia. humidification

(a)
w
i
=i 1131 Btu / lbw
W
=
25

3-24 (contd)

c a 2
q =m (i - i )

1

a
m 2000 x 60 / 13.14 =

a
m 9132 lba / hr =

1 2
i 18.1 Btu / lba ; i 29.7 Btu / hr = =

c
q 9132 (29.7 - 18.1) 105,931 Btu / hr = =

w a 3 2 3 2
m m (W - W ) ; W = 0.0167; W 0.0032 lbv/lba = =

w
m 9132 (0.01 67 - 0.0032) 123.3 lbw / hr = =

26

10 15 20 25
30
35
40
45
50
55
55
60
60
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
- B
T
U
P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
35
35
40
40
45
45 50
50 55
55
60
60
65
65
70
70
75
75
80
80
85 W
E
T B
U
LB TE
M
P
E
R
AT
U
R
E - F
85
90
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
2
3
Problem 3-24
1131
30 %
110 (43) 60 (16)
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2. 0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
. 4
-0
.3 -0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

(b) Solution similar to (a)

3-25 English Units

See diagram for construction on chart 1a.

1
3
Q 32 2000 2
=
3000 3 Q 12
= =

Layout 2L/3 on the chart and read:

W
3
=0.007 lbv/lba

27
I
3
=22.2 Btu/lba

10 15 20 25
30
35
40
45
50
55
55
60
60
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
- B
T
U
P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
35
35
40
40
45
45 50
50 55
55
60
60
65
65
70
70
75
75
80
80
85 W
E
T B
U
LB TE
M
P
E
R
AT
U
R
E - F
85
90
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
2
3
Problem 3-25
40 (4) 100 (38) 58.4 (15)
35
77
52
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2. 0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
. 4
-0
.3 -0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-25 SI Units Same procedure as above, read:

3
i 34 kJ / kga =

3
W 0.007 kgv / kga =

3-26 English Units

Layout the given data on Chart 1a as shown for problem 3-25.

a1
m 2000(60) 12.66 9,479lba hr = =

28
3-26 (contd)

a2
m 1000(60) 14.44 4,155lba hr = =

a1
a1 a2
m 32 9479
= 0.695
m +m 9479 4155 12
= =
+

Layout distance 32 on line from 1 to 2 to locate point 3 for the
mixture.

Read: i
3
=21.5 Btu/lbm

W
3
=0.0067 lbu/lba

For W, % Error =
(0.007 0.0067)100
4.5
0.0067
=

For I, % Error =
(22.2 21.5)100
3.3
21.5
=

3-27
250,000
SHF 0.8
200,000
= =

or SHF =
59
.81
73
=

29
10 1
5
2
0
2
5
3
0
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
5
5
6
0
6
0
1
5
2
0
25
3
0
35
4
0
4
5
5
0
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y

-
B
T
U
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
3
5
35
4
0
40
4
5
45
5
0
50 5
5
55
60
60
6
5
65
7
0
70
7
5
75
8
0
80
8
5 W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
I
S
T
U
R
E

P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
2
Problem 3-27
75 (24)
50 %
53 (12)
0.8
21.5
28.2
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8. 0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
. 4
-0
.3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
. 1
0
.2
0
.3
0.4
0.5
0. 6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIB LE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-28 Refer to diagram for 3-27

(a)
a 1 2 1 2
q =m (i - i ); i 28.2; i 21.5 = =

a
m 250,000 / (28.2 - 21.5) 37,313 lba / hr = =

3
a 2
Q = m v 37,313 x 13.09 / 60 8,140 ft / min = =

(b) similar procedure;
3
Q 3.85 m / s =

30
3-29 (a) Use the AirQuantity option of program PSYCH, iterating on the

relative humidity and setting the minimum outdoor Air Quantity to

0.01, NOT ZERO.

Use the properties option to find the entering wet bulb

temperature of 62.6F. Then

=0.852 (iterated)

t
s
=56F

=9,360 cfm
s
Q

(b) Proceed as above

=0.882

t
s
=56F

=10,014 cfm
s
Q

3-30 Proceed as in 3-29 above.

=0.92

t
s
=56.1 56 F

=11,303 cfm
s
Q

3-31 (a) 91 . 0
000 , 550
000 , 500
SHF = =

31

3-31 (contd)

(b)
a 2 1
q =m(i -i )

or
a 2
m =q/(i -i )

1

a
550,000
m
(34.3 22.8)
=

a
m =47,826lba hr

a 2
2
m v 47,826
Q = = x 14.62=11,654 cfm
60 60
or 5.5 m
3
/s
32
10 15 20 25
3
0
35
40
4
5
5
0
55
5
5
6
0
6
0
15
2
0
25
3
0
35
4
0
4
5
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y

-
B
T
U
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
35
35
4
0
40
45
45
5
0
50 5
5
55
60
60
6
5
65
7
0
70
7
5
75
8
0
80
8
5 W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
I
R
1
2
Problem 3-31
0.91
115 (46)
72 (22)
30 %
22.8
34.3
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
. 4
-0
.3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
. 1
0
.2
0
.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-32
a 2 1
q =m (i -i )

2
a
q
i = +i
m
1

a
1400 x 60
m 5,915.5
14.2
=

2
-5 x 12,000
i = +38.5
5,915.5

Btu/lba
2
i 28.3 = 6

33
Then from Chart 1a, t
2
=67F
10 1
5
2
0
2
5
3
0
3
5
4
0
4
5
50
55
5
5
6
0
6
0
15
20
25
3
0
35
4
0
4
5
5
0
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y

-
B
T
U
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
3
5
35
4
0
40
4
5
45
5
0
50 5
5
55
60
60
6
5
65
7
0
70
7
5
75
8
0
80
8
5 W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
2
ADP
Problem 3-32
90
75
67
28.4
55
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
.4
-0
.3
-0
. 2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
.2
0
.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-33 Use Adiabatic Mixing option of PSYCH with the Properties option to

enter requested data. Assume volume flow rates of 3 to 1 to obtain.

T
mix,db
=84.2 F

T
mix,wb
=71.3 F

3-34 Use Program PSYCH at Sea Level elevation
Iteration on the supply volume flow rate is required. This is the same as the
leaving air quantity for the coil.
34
3-34 (contd)
(a) Supply air quantity is 9,384 cfm.
(b) The outdoor air quantity is 938 cfm.
(c) Air enters the coil at 74.6 F db, 60.5 F wb at a rate of 9,740 cfm
(d) The coil capacity is 248,256 Btu/hr.
The amount of air returned is: (9,740 939) =8,802 cfm.

3-35 Use Program PSYCH at 5,000 ft elevation
Iteration on the supply volume flow rate is required. This is the same as the
leaving air quantity for the coil.
(a) Supply air quantity is 11,267 cfm.
(b) The outdoor air quantity is 1,127 cfm.
(c) Air enters the coil at 74.6 F db, 62.1 F wb at a rate of 11,697 cfm
(d) The coil capacity is 334,143 Btu/hr.
The amount of air returned is: (11,697 1,127) =10,570 cfm.

3-36 cfm 1000 Q
0
=

(a) From Chart 1a

s
t =120/74 F

s
s r
q 200,000
m =
(i -i ) (37.2 22.8)
=

35

=13,889 lb/hr =
1
m

3
s s s s
Q = m v = m (14.78)/60 = 3,421 ft /min

(b)
o o o
m =Q /v 1000 x 60 / 12.61 4758 lb/hr = =

r
1
m 13,889 4758
0.66;
m 13,889
= =

1
From Chart 1a t 61/ 47 F =

3 1
t - t (119 61) =

(c)
w s s 2
m =m (W -W ) 13,889 (0.0075 - 0.0036) =

=54.2 lbm/hr

(d)
f 1 3 1
q =m(i -i ) =13,889 (32.8 18.6) 197,224 Btu/hr =

36
10 15 20 25
30
35
40
45
50
55
55
60
60
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
- B
T
U
P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
35
35
40
40
45
45
50
50 55
55
60
60
65
65
70
70
75
75
8
0
80
85 W
E
T B
U
L
B TE
M
P
E
R
AT
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
r
s
0
1
3 1 3
Problem 3-36
120
72
30 %
40 61
47
0.8
1150
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
. 4
-0
. 3 -0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
.2
0
.3
0.4
0.5
0. 6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHAL PY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-37 (a)
s
t 120/71.4 F Use Chart 1Ha =

s 1
m 200,000/(38.7 24.0) 13,605 lba/hr m = =

=

s
Q 13,605 x 17.85 / 60 4048 cfm = =

(b) lba/hr 3947 60 x ) 2 . 15 / 1000 ( m
0
= =

r
1
1
m 13,605 3947
0.71; t 62.8/ 47 F
m 13,605
= = =

3 1
t -t (119.5 62.8) =

(c)
w s s 1
m =m (w -W ) 13,605 (0.0088 - 0.0046) 57.14 lbw/hr = =

37
(d)
f
q 13,605 (33.8 - 20.2) 185,028 Btu/hr = =

3-38 Assume fan power and

heat gain are load on the space

s
9384
m x 60 =42,915 lbm/hr; Prob 3-34
13.12
=

fan duct s s c
W q m (i i + =

)

=(4 x 2545) +1000 =11,180 Btu / hr

c
11,180
i 20.8 20.54 Btu/lbm
42,915
= =

State c is required condition leaving coil

Part a, b, and c are same as prob. 3-34;

(d)
coil 1 1 c
q =m(i -i ) 42,915 (26.8 - 20.54) 268,648 Btu/hr = =

38
10 1
5
2
0
2
5
30
35
4
0
45
5
0
55
55
6
0
60
15
20
25
3
0
35
4
0
4
5
5
0
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
-
B
T
U
P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
3
5
35
4
0
40
4
5
45 5
0
50 5
5
55
60
60
6
5
65
7
0
70
7
5
75
80
80
8
5 W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
s
r
0
1
c
1
Problem 3-38
100 72 55
20.54
50 %
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
.4
-0
. 3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
. 1
0
.2
0
.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHAL PY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-39 ) i i ( m W ); i i ( m q
c s s fan s r s r
= =

(a)
c r
i 28 Btu/lbm; i 33.7 Btu/lbm = =

Using Chart 1Ha

r
q 1,320,000 Btu/hr =

fan
W 30 x 2545 76350 Btu/hr = =

fan a s c
W 30 x 2545 76,350 = m (i -i ) = =

39

s a
q =1,320,000 =m
r s
(i -i )

10 15 20 25
30
35
40
45
50
55
55
6
0
60
15
2
0
2
5
30
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
-
B
T
U
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
O
F

D
R
Y

A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
5
0
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
3
5
35
4
0
40
45
45 5
0
50
5
5
55
60
60
6
5
65
70
70
75
75
80
W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
80
8
5
1
5
.5
1
6
.0
1
6
.5
V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R
L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
7
.0
1
7
.5
1
8
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
I S
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D

D
R
Y

A
IR r
0
c
ss
Problem 3-39
90 (32)
80 (27)
50 %
59 (15)
62.5 (17)
0.8
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
5000 FEET
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1
. 0
-0
.5
-0
.4 -
0
.3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
. 2
0
. 3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

Two unknowns & two equations

Solve simultaneous:

fan s a r c
a
a
W +q = m (i -i )
1,320,00+76,350
m =
(33.7-28)
m =244,974lba/hr

40

s r s a
i =i - (q m )

s
1,320,000
i =33.7 - =28.3
244,974
Btu/lba

Locate points on the condition line on Chart 1 Ha and point c is on

cooler process line horz. to left of points.

Read t
s
=62.5 F, t
c
=61.6F.

(a)
s
244,974
Q = x16.2 =66,143cfm
60

(b)
3
s
Q 31.2 m =
s
H

3-40 English Units Tucson, Arizona, Elevation 2,556 ft.

;
min 0
i =i =31.1 Btu/lba and sat. air
min
t =64.5 F; PSYCH

Shreveport, Louisiana, Elevation 259 ft.

;
min 0
i =i =42.5 Btu/lba and sat. air
min
t 76.8 F; PSYC =

SI Units Tucson, Arizona

;
min 0
i =i 51.5 kJ /kga =
min
t =18.1 C; Chart 1b

Shreveport, Louisiana

;
min 0
i =i =75.5 kJ /kga
min
t =24.8 C; Chart 1b

41
10 1
5
2
0
2
5
30
3
5
4
0
45
5
0
55
55
6
0
60
15
20
25
30
35
40
4
5
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
- B
T
U
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
O
F

D
R
Y

A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
I
O
N

T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E

-
F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
5
0
%
6
0%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
35
35
4
0
40
4
5
45
50
50 5
5
55
60
60
6
5
65
7
0
70
7
5
75
8
0
80
8
5 W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
3
.0
1
3
.
5
1
4
.
0

V
O
L
U
M
E
-

C
U
.F
T
.
P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y

A
I
R
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
SL
TLO
Problem 3-40
Shreveport, LA
95 76.8
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
259 FEET
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4. 0
-2.0
-1
.0
-0
.5 -0
.4
-
0
.3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
.2
0
. 3
0. 4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

42
10 1
5
2
0
2
5
3
0
35
4
0
45
50
55
55
60
6
0
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
5
0
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
-
B
T
U

P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D

O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
3
5
35
4
0
40
4
5
45 5
0
50
55
55
6
0
60
6
5
65
7
0
70
7
5
75
8
0
W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
80
8
5
85
1
4
.0
1
4
.
5
1
5
.
0

V
O
L
U
M
E
-

C
U
.F
T
.
P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y

A
I
R
1
5
.5
1
6
.0
1
6
.
5
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
TA
TLO
Problem 3-40
Tucson, Arizona
102 64.6
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
2556 FEET
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4. 0
-2.0
-1
.0
-0
.5
-0
.4 -
0
.3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
.2
0
.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-41 ) i i ( m q
s r s
=

(a) =1,319 lba/hr ton
s
m 12,000/(28.2 19.1) =

s
1319 x 15.6
Q 343 cfm/ton
60
= =

o
s
m r1 13
= 0.55 or 55%
m 23.5 r0
= =

(b)
3
s
Q 0.046 m / s - kW

0 s
m /m 55%

43
10 15 20 25
30
35
40
45
50
55
55
60
60
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
-
B
T
U
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
O
F

D
R
Y

A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
5
0
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
3
5
35
40
40
45
45 5
0
50
5
5
55
60
60
65
65
70
70
75
75
80
W
E
T
B
U
L
B
TE
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
80
8
5
1
5
.5
1
6
.0
1
6
.5
V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R
L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
7
.0
1
7
.5
1
8
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D

D
R
Y

A
IR
r
s
0
1
Problem 3-41
100 (38) 75 (24) 50 (10)
10 %
40 %
0.7
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
5000 FEET
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1
.0
-0
.5 -0
.4 -
0
. 3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
.2
0
.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-42
2 2 3 2
500,000
q m (i i ); m
(41.1 21.9)
= =

lba/hr 042 , 26 m
2
=

=6315 cfm 14.55/60 x 26042 Q
2
=

lba/hr 6511 26,042 x 25 . 0 m
0
= =

F 5 . 49 / 5 . 67 t ; 25 . 0 m / m
mix 3 0
= =

44
3-42 (contd)

Preheat Coil:

ph 0 p 4 0
q = m c (t -t ) 6511 x 0.24 (60-6) 84,383 Btu/hr = =

Heat Coil:

h 2 5 1
q =m (i -i ) 26,042 (28.4 - 20) 218,753 Btu/hr = =

Humidifier:

w 2 2 5
m =m (W -W ) 26,042 (0.0144 - 0.0035) =

283.9 lbw/hr =

(b)
3
2 ph h
Q 2.98 m / s; q 24.7 kW; q 64.1 kW; = = =

kg/s 036 . 0 m
w
=
45
10 15 20 25
30
35
40
45
50
55
55
60
60
ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUNDOF DRY AIR
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
- B
T
U
P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50%
6
0
%
7
0%
8
0
%
9
0
%
35
35
40
40
45
45 50
50 55
55
60
60
65
65
70
70
75
75
80
80
85 W
E
T B
U
LB TE
M
P
E
R
AT
U
R
E - F
85
90
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
3
2
4
1
5
2
Problem 3-42
1153
70 (21)
30 %
105 (40) 60 (16)
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
.4
-0
.3 -0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
. 2
0.3
0. 4
0.5
0. 6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIB LE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-43 Use Chart 1a;
d a r
q m (i i
s
) =

or ) i i /( q m
s r d a
=

(a) m
a
=150 x 12,000 / (28.4-22) =28,125 lbm/hr

d
Q 28,125 x 13.25/60 61,211 cfm = =

m d
Q 0.20 Q 1,242 cf = =

m

m m
m =1,242 x 60/13.5 5,521 lbm/hr [v assumed] =

m r m
i =i 1.8 x 12,000/5,521 24.5 Btu/lbm; t 62/57 F = =

46
(b)
3 3
d m m
Q =2.93 m /s; Q =.59 m /s; t =17/14 C

10 1
5
2
0
2
5
3
0
35
4
0
45
5
0
55
5
5
6
0
6
0
1
5
2
0
25
30
35
4
0
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y

-
B
T
U
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
3
5
35
4
0
40
4
5
45 5
0
50 5
5
55
60
60
6
5
65
7
0
70
7
5
75
8
0
80
8
5 W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
r
m
s
Problem 3-43
0.8
0.6
75 (24) 60 (16)
62 (17)
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
.4
-0
.3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
. 1
0
.2
0
. 3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-44 (a)
a
15.0 x 12,000
m 29,508 lba/hr
(31.2 - 25.1)
= =

d m
Q 29,508 x 16.0/60 7,869 cfm; Q =0.2 x Q = =

s

1,574 cfm =

m m
m =1,574 x 60/16.2 5,829 lba/hr (v assumed) =

m
i 35.7 1.8 x 12,000/5,829 27.5 Btu/lba; = =
47

m
t 62.5/58 F =

(b)
3 3
s m m
Q =3.7 m / s; Q 0.74 m /s; t 17/14.4 C = =

3-45 Use Chart 1a;
r
1
m 10
0.8
m 0r
= =

[Both design and min. load condition]

i
s
=i
r
- /
m
q
s
m

s r
d
s
i i
Q
m
=
22.3) - (29.35
12,000 x 50

conditions all for constant is m lba/hr; 106 , 85 m
s s

=

Btu/lba 25.83 106 12,000/85, x 25 35 . 29 i
' s
= =

(a) From Chart 1a; F 64 t
' s
=

(b)
s' b c ' 1 b s s
i ) m m ( i m i m

+ = +

271 . 0
7 . 31 8 . 25
8 . 25 2 . 24
) i i (
) i i (
m
m
' 1 ' s
' s s
c
b
=

(b) From chart 1a; cases both for F 49 t
d
=
48
10 15 20 25
30
35
40
45
50
55
55
60
60
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y

-
B
T
U
P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
35
35
40
40
45
45 50
50 5
5
55
60
60
65
65
70
70
75
75
80
80
85 W
E
T
B
U
LB
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
r
s
0
1
s
0'
1'
s
s'
Problem 3-45
0.9
95 (35) 85 (29) 77 (25) 64 (18) 55 (13)
50 %
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8. 0 -4.0
-2. 0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
.4
-0
. 3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
.2
0
.3
0. 4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-46 Refer to problem 3-45. Results are similar.

3-47 (a) It is probably impossible to cool the air from 1 to 2 in one

process. The extension of line 12 does not intersect the

saturation curve.

(b) Cool the air to state 1' and then heat to state 2.

49
10 15 20 25
30
3
5
40
4
5
5
0
5
5
55
6
0
60
15
20
25
3
0
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y

-
B
T
U
P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
3
5
35
40
40
4
5
45
5
0
50 55
55
60
60
6
5
65
7
0
70
7
5
75
8
0
80
8
5 W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
2
1'
2
Problem 3-47
80 (27) 60 (16) 52 (11)
67
54
90 %
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
.4
-0
. 3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
.2
0
.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHAL PY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-48 (a)
c
s
m sh
= =.83
m ch
7

h
s
m cs
= 0.16
m ch
=
3

c
h
m 0.837
5.14
m 0.163
= =

s r s
q m (i i =

)

s
50 x 12,000
m 93,750 lba/hr
(28.2-21.8)
= =

50

s
Q 93,750 x 13.2/60 20,625 cfm = =

(b)
3
s
Q 9.7 m / =
s

10 15 20 25
30
35
40
45
50
55
55
60
60
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
- B
T
U
P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
35
35
40
40
45
45 50
50 55
55
60
60
65
65
70
70
75
75
80
80
85 W
E
T B
U
LB
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
r
c
h
s
Problem 3-48
90 (32) 75 (24) 52 (11)
90 %
0.65
20 %
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
. 4
-0
.3 -0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIB LE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-49 See diagram of problem 3-48

(a)
c h
s s
m m 36 10.1
0.9; 0.10
m 46.3 m 46.3
= = = =

;
c
h
m 0.9
9.0
m 0.10
= =

s
50 x 12,000
m 83,333 lba/hr
(30.1 - 22.9)
= =

s
Q =83,333 x 15.67/60 21,763 cfm =
51

(b)
3
s
Q =10.3 m /s

3-50 (a) See diagram for problem 3-48

c
c c r c c s
s
m
=0.837; q =m (i -i ); m 0.714 x m 0.837 x 93,750
m
= =

;
c
m 78,469 lba/hr =
c
Q 78,469 x 13.04/60 17,054 cfm = =

c
q 78,469 (28.2-20.6) 596,364 Btu/hr = =

(b)
3
c c
Q =8.1 m /s; q 175 kW =

3-51 SI Units

(a) On the basis of volume flow rate using Chart 1b:

2 3
13
Q = Q 0.69 x 1.18 0.815
12
= =

m
3
/s

and m
1 3 2
Q =Q - Q =1.18 0.815 0.365 =

3
/s

(b)

3
34 a3 4 3 4 3
3
34
Q
q =m (i -i ) = (i -i )
v
1.18
q = (47.8-41.0) =9.6 kW
0.835

52
10 20 30 40 50
60
70
80
90
100
110
110
120
120
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
- K
J
P
E
R
K
IL
O
G
R
A
M
O
F
D
R
Y
A
I R
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
C
51
0
1
5
2
0
2
5
3
0
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
C
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
20%
30%
40%
5
0
%
60
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
5
5
10
10
15
15
2
0
20
25
25
3
0 W
E
T
BU
LB
T
E
M
PE
R
A
T
U
R
E
- C
30
0
.7
8
0
.8
0
0
.8
2
0
.
8
4
0
.8
6
V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
B
IC
M
E
T
E
R
P
E
R
k
g
D
R
Y
A
IR
0
.8
8
0
.9
0
0
.9
2
0
.9
4
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
G
R
A
M
S
M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

K
I
L
O
G
R
A
M
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
2
3 4
Problem 3-51
Problem 3-51
29 24 17.2 12
50 %
11
14.7
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
1.5
2. 0
4.0
-4.0
-2
.0
-1.0
-0
.5
-0
. 2
0
.1
0
. 2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
-5.0
-2.0
0. 0
1
.0
2
. 0
2
. 5
3
. 0
4 . 0
5 . 0
1 0 . 0
-

SENSIB LE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

English Units

(a)
1 34
Q =640 cfm; q =33,684 Btu/hr

3-52 (a),(b)

From Chart 1b, states 1.4 and ADP are known. Based on approx.

11.8 C db, 11.2 C wb, and 90% RH locate state 2.

Then for full load design condition air is cooled from 1 to 2 and the

room process proceeds from 2 to 4.

53
For the high latent load condition, the air at 2 is reheated to state 3

where it enters the space and the process proceeds to state 4.

(c)
2
24 a 4 2 4 2
2
Q
q =m (i -i ) = (i -i )
v

2
Q =35 x 0.817 (47.7-32)
; m
2
Q 1.8 =
2
3
/s

12 a 1 2
12
1.82
q =m (i -i ) = (60.6-32)
0.817
q =63.7 kW

34 a 4 3
34
23 24 34
1.82
q =m (i -i )= (47.7-39.4)
0.817
q =18.5 kW
q =q - q =35-18.5=16.5 kW

54
10 20 30 40 50
60
70
80
90
100
110
110
120
120
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
- K
J
P
E
R
K
IL
O
G
R
A
M
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
C
51
0
1
5
2
0
2
5
3
0
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
C
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
20%
30%
40%
5
0
%
60
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
5
5
10
10
1
5
15
2
0
20
25
25
3
0 W
E
T
BU
LB
TE
M
P
E
R
A
TU
R
E
- C
30
0
.7
8
0
.8
0
0
.8
2
0
.
8
4
0
.8
6
V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
B
IC
M
E
T
E
R
P
E
R
k
g
D
R
Y
A
IR
0
.8
8
0
.9
0
0
.9
2
0
.9
4
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
G
R
A
M
S
M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

K
I
L
O
G
R
A
M
D
R
Y
A
IR 1
ADP
2 3
4
3
Problem 3-52
Problem 3-52
21
27 23
17
19
14
11.8
11
9
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
1.5
2.0
4.0
-4.0
-2
.0
-1.0
-0
.5
-0
.2
0
.1
0
.2
0
.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
-5.0
-2.0
0. 0
1
.0
2
. 0
2
. 5
3
. 0
4 . 0
5 . 0
1 0 . 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-52 English Units

(a),(b) See above

(c) Btu/hr
2
Q = 4103cfm ;
12
q =221,243

Btu/hr;
34
q 67,49 =
8 2
23
q 52,50 =
Btu/hr

3-53 English Units

(a)
s r s s
q=m (i -i ); m 5000 x 60/13.2 22,727 lba/hr = =

(specific volume value of 13.2 ft
3
/lbm is assumed.)

55

s r s
i =i - q /m =28.2 10 x 12,000 / 22,727 22.9 Btu/lba =

s o s o
t =t =57.5 F; W =W 0.0083 lbv/lba =

(b)
r r
m s
m m 0m
= =0.462
m m 0r

r
m=0.462 x 22,727 10,500 lba/hr =

o
m 22,727 10,500 12,227 lba/hr = =

r
Q 10,500 x 13.68/60 2,394 cfm = =

o
Q 12,227 x 12.11/60 2,468 cfm = =

(c)
r
m'
m 0'm'
= =0.578
m 0'r

r o
m=0.578 x 22,727 13,131 lba/hr; m 9,596 lba/hr = =

'

r o'
Q =13,131 x 13.68/60 2,994 cfm; Q 9,596 x 13.48/60 = =

=2,156 cfm

(d)
c s m' s
q =m (i -i ) 22,727 (28.4 - 22.8) 127,271 Btu/hr = =

56
10 15 20 25
30
3
5
40
4
5
5
0
5
5
55
6
0
60
15
20
25
3
0
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y

- B
T
U
P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
3
5
35
40
40
4
5
45
5
0
50 55
55
60
60
6
5
65
7
0
70
7
5
75
8
0
80
8
5 W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
r
0
m
s
0'
r
m'
ADP
Problem 3-53
0.8
1150
75 (24)
70 (21)
65 (18) 57.5 (14)
40 (4)
43 (6)
90 %
50 %
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
.4
-0
. 3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
. 1
0
.2
0
.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHAL PY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-53 SI Units

(a) t
s
=14.2C; W
s
=0.0083 kgv/kga

(b)
3
r
Q =1.13m s
;
3
o
Q =1.17m s

(c)
3
r
Q =1.41m s
;
3
o'
Q =1.02m s

(d)
c
q =37.3 kW

3-54 (a) Any combination that will yield

an enthalpy less than 57.0 kJ /kga or 33 Btu/lba
57

(b)
r s
m kga/s 95 . 5 84 . 0 / 5 m

= = =

o
r
m mr
= =0.36
m 0r

o
m 0.36 x 5.95 2.14 kga/s = =

3
o
Q =2.14 x 0.852 =1.82 m /s =3,857cfm

(c)
ad
t 15.4 C or 60F =

(d) (Essentially, no difference)
o n m s r s
q /q =(i -i )/(i -i ) =1.0

10 20 30 40 50
60
70
80
90
10
0
110
110
120
120
ENTHALPY - KJ PER KI LOGRAM OF DRY AIR
10
2
0
30
4
0
50
60
70
80
90
100
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
- K
J
P
E
R
K
IL
O
G
R
A
M
O
F
D
R
Y
A
I
R
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
C
51
0
1
5
2
0
2
5
3
0
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
C
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
20%
30%
40%
5
0
%
60
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
5
5
10
10
1
5
15
2
0
20
2
5
25
3
0 W
E
T
B
U
LB
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- C
30
0
.7
8
0
.8
0
0
.8
2
0
.
8
4
0
.8
6
V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
B
IC
M
E
T
E
R
P
E
R
k
g
D
R
Y
A
IR
0
.8
8
0
.9
0
0
.9
2
0
.9
4
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
G
R
A
M
S
M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

K
I
L
O
G
R
A
M
D
R
Y
A
IR
r
s
0
m
s
Problem 3-54
25 (77) 18 (64)
20 (68)
0.6
57
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
1.5
2.0
4.0
-4.0
-2
.0
-1.0
-0
.5
-0
. 2
0
.1
0
.2
0
.3
0.4
0.5
0. 6
0.7
0.8
-5.0
-2.0
0.0
1
.0
2
. 0
2
. 5
3
. 0
4 . 0
5 . 0
1 0 . 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHAL PY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

58
3-55
424,000
SHF
530,000 424,000
=-4

Construct condition line on

Chart 1a with preheat and

mixing processes.

(a)
sen s p r s
q = -424,000 = m c (t -t )

s
424,000
m 88,333 lba/hr
0.24 (75 95)
= =

3
s
Q =88,333 x 14.07/60 20,714 cfm or 9.8 m /s =

(b)
r
r
m
m hm
= =0.33; m 0.33 x 88,333 lba/hr
m hr
=

r r
m=29,150 lba/hr; Q 29,150 x 13.68/60 =
3
6,646 cfm or 3.14 m /s =

h
h
m
m
=1 0.33 0.67; m 0.67 x 88,333
m
= =

h h
m 59,183 lba/hr; Q 59,183 x 13.1/60 = =

3
h
Q 12,922 cfm or 6.1 m /s (at heated condition) =

(c)
ph h p h o
q =mc (t -t ) =59,183 x 0.24 (60-35)

q= 355,098 Btu/hr or 104 kW

(d)
m
q =88,333 x 0.24 (95 - 65) 635,998 Btu/hr or 186 kW =

59

10 1
5
2
0
2
5
30
3
5
4
0
45
5
0
55
55
6
0
60
1
5
20
25
3
0
35
40
45
5
0
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
- B
T
U
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
35
35
4
0
40
4
5
45
50
50 5
5
55
60
60
6
5
65
7
0
70
7
5
75
8
0
80
8
5 W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
r
0 h
m
ss
Problem 3-55
-4
95 (35)
75 (24)
50 %
60 (16)
35 (2)
20 %
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
.4
-0
.3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
. 1
0
.2
0
.3
0. 4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-56 Refer to chart 1a.

(a)

34 a3 4 3 3 4 3
3
34 3
3
4 3
3
3
60
q =m (i -i ) =Q x (i -i )
v
q v (1750 x 13.23)
Q x =
60(i -i ) 60(28.1-23)
Q =75.7 or 76 cfm =0.040 m /s

60
(b) t
3db
=58.5 F and 80% RH or 15 C

(c)
3
2 3
31
Q = ; Q =0.754 x 75.7 =57 cfm or 0.028 m /s
12

3
1
Q =76 - 57 = 19 cfm or 0.012 m /s

10 15 20 25
30
35
40
45
50
55
55
60
60
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y

- B
T
U
P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
35
35
40
40
45
45
5
0
50 55
55
60
60
65
65
70
70
75
75
80
80
8
5 W
E
T
B
U
L
B T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
9
0
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
2
3
4
Problem 3-56
84
70
75
62
58.5
50
90 %
50 %
0.8
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8. 0 -4.0
-2. 0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
.4
-0
. 3 -0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
.2
0
.3
0. 4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-57 (a) Refer to Chart 1

A reheat system is required. Process 1-2 is for the coil. Process 3-4
is defined by the SHF =0.5

Process 2-3 represents the required heat.

61
State 3 is defined by the intersection of the reheat and space

condition lines.

(b)

3
34 a3 4 3 4 3
3
34 3
3
4 3
3
3
Q x 60
q =m (i -i ) = (i -i )
v
q v 100,000 x 13.4
Q = =
60(i -i ) 60(28.2-23.9)
Q =5,194 cfm or 2.5 m /s

(c)

12 a 1 2
12
23
23
5,194 x 60
q =m (i -i ) = (34.2-20.2)
13.4
q =325,594 Btu/hr or 95.4 kW
5,194 x 60
q = (23.9-20.2)
13.4
q =86,050 Btu/hr or 25.2 kW

62
10 15 20 25
30
35
40
45
50
55
55
60
60
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
- B
T
U
P
E
R
P
O
U
N
D
O
F
D
R
Y
A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
50
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
35
35
40
40
45
45 50
50 55
55
60
60
65
65
7
0
70
75
75
80
80
85 W
E
T B
U
L
B T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
85
90
1
2
.
5
1
3
.
0
1
3
.5
1
4
.0

V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R

L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
4
.5
1
5
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
IS
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
2 3
4
ADP
Problem 3-57
85
70
75
62
66
56
51 45
50 %
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1.0
-0
.5 -
0
. 4
-0
.3 -0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
.2
0
.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

3-58 Assume room temperature humidity of 50%

and layout the state &

processes on

required from point c to s.

Supply Air:

=
sen
q 120,000 x 0.5 60,000 Btu/hr = =
s p s r
mc (t -t )

s
60,000
m 53,192 lba/hr
0.24 (75-70.3)
= =

63

3
s
Q =53,192 x 16.33/60 14,477 cfm or 6.8 m /s =

Mixed Air:

o
m 53,192 x 0.333 17,703 lba/hr = =

3
o
Q 17,713 x 17.2/60 5,078 cfm or 2.4 m /s = =

r
m 53,192 17,713 35,479 lba/hr = =

3
r
Q =35,479 x 16.5/60 9,757 cfm or 4.6 m /s =

Reheat:

rh c p s c
q = m c (t -t ) 53,192 x 0.24 (70.3-55.2) =

192,768 Btu/hr or 56.5 kW =

Coil:

c m m c
q =m (i -i ) 53,192 (34.4 - 24.2) =

542,558 Btu/hr or 159 kW =

= % 1 . 5
412 , 200
100 ) 109 , 190 412 , 200 (
=

64
10 15 20 25
30
35
40
45
50
55
55
6
0
60
15
2
0
2
5
30
35
40
45
50
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y
-
B
T
U
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D
O
F

D
R
Y

A
IR
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
IO
N
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

F
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
D
R
Y
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-
F
.002
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.018
.020
.022
.024
.026
.028
20%
30%
40%
5
0
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
3
5
35
4
0
40
45
45 5
0
50
5
5
55
60
60
6
5
65
70
70
75
75
80
W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
- F
80
8
5
1
5
.5
1
6
.0
1
6
.5
V
O
L
U
M
E

-
C
U
.F
T
. P
E
R
L
B
.
D
R
Y
A
IR
1
7
.0
1
7
.5
1
8
.0
H
U
M
I
D
IT
Y
R
A
T
IO
-
P
O
U
N
D
S

M
O
I S
T
U
R
E
P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D

D
R
Y

A
IR
r
0
m
c ss
Problem 3-58
90 (32)
75
75 (24)
50 %
70 (21)
55 (13)
90 %
0.6
0.5
R R
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
5000 FEET
0
1.0 1.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
-8.0 -4.0
-2.0
-1
. 0
-0
.5
-0
.4 -
0
.3
-0
.2
-0
.1
0
.1
0
. 2
0
. 3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
-2000
-1000
0
5
00
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
-

SENSIBLE HEAT Qs
TOTAL HEAT Qt
ENTHALPY
HUMIDITY RATIO
h
W

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testing or instructional purposes only t students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been
adopted. ny other reproduction or trnstin ofthis work beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or ]08
of the 1976 United Sttes Copyright ct withut the permissin of the copyright owner is unwful.
Requests
for
permission or
further
informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, J ohn
Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street' Hoboken, NJ 07030'
Chapter 4
4-1 (a) comfortable
(b) too warm
(c) comfortabe
(d) too dry
4-2 (a) comfortable
(b) too warm
(c) comfortable
(d) too dry
4-3 (a) Assume sedentary dry bulb of 78 F
,
clo
=
o.5, met.
=
1 .8,
using equation 4-4a, to,act
=
75
-
5.4(1
+
0.5)(1.8
-
1 .2)
=
71 F
Relative humidity should be less than 50%
(b) Should wear a S\/eater or light
jacket
and slacks.
(clo
=
0.8)
4-4 Use fig 4-1
(a) Summer, to
=
76 F or 24 C; Winter, to
=
72 F or 22 C
(b) Use equation 4-4a aS a guide, \/ith clo
=
0.2,
met
=
3.0, tdb
:76
F
t
o/
to
=76
-5.4
(1+0.2)(3-1.2)
=
64 F
[winterorSummer]
4-5 From fig 4-3 temperature can rise about3.2 F.(j.g C)
t=68
+3.2=71.2
Fort=20+ 1.8= 21.8C
4-6 From fig 4-3
@200
fpm, temp rise

5.3 F (2.9 C)
with t,,"-t
_
9 F (5 c), temp rise

6.5 F (3.6 c)
4-7 to
=
(t, +t^r)|2, then using Eq. 4-1
T,fn
='6*
C\l2
g
_Tr)
=
(53s)4 +(O.103 x 109) (4o)12(78_74)
tmft:82For27'8C
to=(74+82)2
=
78F or25.6C
4-8 Compute the operative temperature, to
,xn
=
4q4
+ (O.103 x 1o911eo11/'(o
_76)=
83.5 F or 28.6 C
to
=
(84 +76)12= 79.8 F or 26.5 C
From Fig 4-1, to
=
79'8 F and 50 % R.. is out of the comfort
zone. Recommend lowering to to about 77 F or 25 C.
tu x72 F
4-9 Use Eq. 4-4 to estimate a value of the operative temperature
to, active, assuming to for sedentary activities is 78 F (25.6 C)
with met
=
2.0. to, active
=
78
-
5.4 (1 +
0.5) (2
-
1.2)
=
71.5 F, (22C)
Exerpts fiom this work may be reprdued by instrutors for distribution on a not-1br-proit basis for testing or instrutiona puoses only to
students enrolled in urses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproduction r trnstion of this wrk beynd ha permited
by Secions 107 r ]08 ofthe 976 Unied Stqes CopriPh cwithou he oermission fthe cpyrigh wner is unlful.
s an approximation
Tmrt
=
2To
_,
and Tflx
=
Tno * ci121Tg
_
,
)
Eq
'
(4-1)
eliminating Tmrt between the 2 equations
2(o_T3)4
=
Tno *CV1/21n
_Tr)
where all temperatures are absolute
Solve by trial and error with T,
=72+
460
=
532 R
and Te
=(71.5+460)=531.5
R, C=0.103 x 1Oe, V=30
ta=85F(30C)
Cold surroundings require high ambient air temperature
for comfort, even with high activity level.
4-10 (a) Most occupants will be uncomfortable because the relative
humidity is more than 60%, even with trx
=
t,
(b) The lightest weight possible. Short sleeves, shorts,
open neck, etc.
(c) Lower relative humidity if possible by adjusting the cooling
system to remove more moisture. Coud also increase the
relative air motion to highest values, perhaps use fans.
4-11 (a) Even if the suit was heavy weight, many executives would be
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students enrolld in ourses for which th tetbook has been adpted. ny other reproducion or trnstion f his rk beyond ht permitted
by Secions ] 07 or 108 o{ the ] 97 6 United Sttes Copyrigh c ithout the permissin of the coyright oner is unfu.
cool if sedentary.
(b) Would definitely be cold, especialy hands and feet.
(c) Probably would be comfortable in typical work cothes
(d) Probably would be comfortable since they would keep
their coats on and would be walking around.
(e) Cold to very cold
4-12 Determine relative temperatures difference between inside and outside.
68
-
45 23
7 4
_
45
=
29
Costs are79o/o of that for increased setting, or
74
-
45 29
68
-
45 23
Costs are increased by 26o/o if thermostat is raised.
4-13 Too much air motion in the cold winter months tends to cause drafts and
make people
uncomfortabe. Air velocity
just
sufficient to prevent large
temperature gradients from floor to ceiling is best for winter. he opposite
is true for hot summer months. Higher air velocity tends to compensate
for high temperature and humidity.
4-14 (a) Raising the chiled water temperature will cause the cooling coil to
operate with a higher surface temperature and the relative humidity in
the space will tend to rise if the latent heat gain is signifcant such as
would be the case with many occupants, this could lead to
u ncomfortable cond itions.
(b) Yes, during the unoccupied hours the space load may be almost totaly
erpts from thrs work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adopled' ny other reproducion or rnsion of this rk beynd h permied
by Sections ] 07 or 108 f the 97 6 United Sttes Copyright c ithu he permissin f the cpyright oner is unlful.
Sensibe heat gain and the load is much less than the design value. ln
this case the chiled water temperature may be increased.
4-15 hese fans may bring air down in the Summer, increasing the
velocity of air in the occupied zone and providing improved comfort.
ln the winter, air may be drawn upward, pushing the warm air at the
ceiling downward where it can increase the temperature in the
occupied zone without increasing significantly the air motion below
the fan.
4'16 (a) able 4-2 gives a minimum required amount of ventilation air
of 15 ft3 /min per occupant. this is the minimum amount of
outdoor air that should be used under any circumstances.
Therefore, (Qo)rin
=
15(30)
=
450 ft3/min
(b) on the basis of floor area, the occupancy woud be 25 and the
minimum ventilation requirement would be
Q, =
15 (25)
=
375 ft3 /min. lt would be better to design for
floor area if lowest air flow is desired. With 30 actua student air
flow is such a case woud be insufficient.
4-17 Use Eq. 4-5, Solving for C,
Cs
=
(QtC" + N)/Qt
=
C" + (N/at)
=
(2001196 + (O.25l9o)

478 x 1o-6
=
478 ppm
XctS from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distribution on a not_tbr-profit basis for tosting or instrutional purposes only to
students enoled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny her reprduction or rnsin of his ork beyond ha permied
by Secions ] 07 or 1 08 of he 97 6 Unied Stes Copyrigh c w ithul the permission of the cpyrigh oner is unlful.
or using Sl Units
c,
=
(2oo / 106)+ (0. 118 t 0.472x 9OO)
=
(2OO / 106) + (278 t 106):478 ppm
4-18 n
=
number of people to occupy a room
N=n(5.Oml/s)
Solving Eq. 4-5 for
N
= Qt
(C,
-
C")
=
n (5.0) ml/s-Person
n
:
Qt
(C,
-
C") / (5.0)
:
2.8 (1000-280) / 5.
n
=
403 persons or 0.0069 m3 /s
-
person
For English Units:
n
=
6000 (1oOO - 28Ox 10-6) / O.O107
=
404 persons or 14.8 cfm/person
4-19 Use the M-100 media of fig. 4-8. From table 4-3, select a
12x24 x 8 unit; 650 cfm, P
=
0.4 in. wg
At P
=
0.25 in. wg. each unit will handle
Q = Ql
|o'25
o.40]1l2
=
650
[O.25
t o'4oJ 1l2
:514
cfm/unit. Then the number of units
Ecerpts fiom this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructinal puoses only to
Studnts enroed in ourses for which the tetbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or rnston f his ork beyond ht permied
by Secions 1 07 r 1 08 of he 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh c lithu he permission f the copyright oner is unful.
-
;g =(2000 l 514)
=
3.89 or 4. This is a satisfactory
number.
4-20 Use the M-100 media from Tabe 4-3 select a O.3 x O.6 x O.2 unit.
This is rated at 0.3 m'/s with 1oo
pa
pressure
drop.
t P
=
60 pa
the alowabte flow rate for each unit would be
Q
=
(0.3) (60/1
OOf
tz
=
0.23 m3/s
1.OO m3/s woud require 1'Oolo'23
=
4'34 units. This requires at
east 5 filter units, but since this is an odd number, recommend
using six units.
Trying the 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.2 filter the allowable
flow per unit would be
Q
=
(0.62) (60/1}q1t2
=
0.48 This would require more than two
units of this size. conomies
would determine the best choice.
4-21 Solving q' 4-1O for
Q
Q = Qr
[P
/ P,]1'2
=
9OO
[o'1
l0'15]1|2
=735 cfm/module
N
=
ss00/235
=
T.4g
[must
be integer]
Use
g
modules
Ve
= Q/
=
=
344fpm
=
5.7 fps
(2)(8) '|-
4-22 Solving q' 4-1O for Q
Q
= Qr
[P
/ P,J 1l2
=
(o'42)
|24
l 37
'4]1t2 =
0.336
m=(2.8)/0.336=8.3
Use 9 modules, a 3 x 3 arrangement.
Excets from this work may be eprodued by instructors for'distribution on a not_1br-proit basis for testing or instructiona purposes only t
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other ,rpr:orl'u"on or trnsion of this work beyond th permilec
by Sectins 1 07 or 108 f the ] 976 t]nied SteS Copyr?ht c w-ithut thi permis'" oj n, copyrigh wner i unlful.
/3
VelocitY
=
4-23 M-200; 0.6x0.6
Use Eq. 4-10
P
=

ta
/ Q.]'
:1OO
0.4
Velocity =
a
(2.8)m3 /s
=1.73m1s
FAc AREA (0.3)(0.6)(e)m2
xO.2; O.4Om3 /s/module
a
lO,4OtO.42l2
=90.7
Pa
=2.22m1s
4-24
4-25
A (0,3)(o 6)
No solution exists due to the fixed air
quantity for the unit. This
part of the problem is intended to show the student that typical
direct expansion equipment cannot be used in this \May. lt also
shows that the load due to outdoor air is very large.
ho
:
o'25 rh"; Locate
point 1 on psychrometric Chart at82'4 F db and
66.8 F wb
it
=
31.4 Btu / lbm and v1
=
13.9 ft3 /lbm
Exerpts from this wrk nay be reproduced by instructors fo distribution on a nt-for-proftt basis fbr tSting o instructional puosS only to
students errrolled in courses fbr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprodicrion or rnstion f his wrk beynd h permited
by Sectins 107 r ]08 ofthe t976 Llnited Sttes Copyrilht ctv,ithut he pemissin ofhe copyright oner is unlful'
exhaust
sHF= 0.7
74
Q1,
=
rhi (ii
-
is)
=
at /V
(60) (i1
-
is)
l =
35 12,ooo
Qls , =
(350 l 12'000)
(6 / v1) (i1
_i.)
is
=
31 .
-
''''J 8?r;
''
=
23'46 Btu / lbm
Locate on
psychrometric chart' ts
=
65'6 F db' 55'5 F wb
Q.r
=
lil, (ir.
-
is)
=
36'000; ir
=27 '6
Btu / lbm
tr,
=
il1
=
-
^
:8695'7
lb / hr
(27 .6
-
23.46)
O, =
rh,
(vr,
=
(13.4)
=
1940 cfm
Qt"
=
8695.7
(31.4 - 23.46) =
69,000 Btu / hr
=
5.75 tons
Qr =
5.75
(350)
=
2014 cfm
() Design filters for 2014 cfm, use M-200 media of fig 4-8.
Try the 24x24x8 units of table 4-3. 920 cfm
@0.4
in. wg.
For max. P of 0'125 in.wat.
Q =
920
[0.
125 tO.4O]
1t2
=514
cfm / module;
n
=
2014 I 514 =
3'92, use 4 modules
4-26 Use the M-15 media,

=
93 % from fig' 4-3'
From table 4-2,60 cfm / person is required, outdoor air.
Excerpts tiom this work nay be reproduced by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional
purpses only to
students enrolled in ourses for which tl-e textbook -,u, ..n uopt"J ' ny oher reprduction or trnslionf ths work beyond th permied
by Sectins ] 07 r 108 o7 he-|97|6 tJ nited Sttes Copyrigh c \,'ithout thi permission ofhe copyright oner is unlwfu'
--
A fresh air balance on the filter gives
QrEt
+ Qo = Qs
where Q,. is recirculated air, Qs is outdoor air and
Q. is supply air.
8, =
(60 - 20) 10.93
=
43.0; Q, =
43.0 +20 =
63.0 cfm / person
or the total amount of air supplied is
Q =
63.0 x 55
=
3465 cfm; Try the 12x24x8 unit of table 4-3
Q/unit=9oO[O'1
/O.35]12=481 cfm; n
=4755
l481
=
7 .2 modules
Use 8 modules
[Note:
The M-24 media could also be used]
4-27 Q, =
(25 - 15) / 0.S
=
12.5 cfm / person
. =
15 + 12.5 =
27 .5 cfm / person
4-28 Filter location is B, figure 4-9
Use Eq. 4-12, solve for RQ.. since
RQ
= {
-QoEv[C,
_(1_Et)Co]
+ N}/ (EvEfcS)
RQr={-2OOxO.85[180-(1-0.8)0.0]+(10x150x35'32)]l
(0.85 x 0.8 x
'180)
where Co
=
0.0
RQr
=
185 ft3 / min or cfm
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-ibr-profit basis for-testing or instrutional puoses only t
students enroed in ourses fr which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprodiction or rnslin of this ork beyond h permitted
by Sectins 07 or 1 08 f the 976 tJ nited Stes Copyrght c iithout the permissin of he copyrigh oner is unl.ful'
75
76
Qo =
2OO cfm, Qs
:
(1S5 + 2OO)
=
385 cfm
4-2g Solve q' 4-11 for RQ,
RQr
=
(_Qo)(Eu)(cr)+ N / rEiC,
RQr =
[
(-20) (0.65) (220) + (125) (35.32 ft3/m3)]
(0.65X0.7)(220)
RQ.
=
-9-*_!1!5^,
=
15.53 cfm/person
' (0.65)(0.7)(220)
4-3o For filter location A, use q. 4-1 1, solving for RQ,
RQr
=
(-QoEvCs + N) / (EvEfCs)
RQr
= t
(-2OO (0.85) 180) + (10 x 120 x 35.32 ft3/m3
)l
t
(0.85 x 0.8 x
'180
)
RQr
=
183 cfm, Qo =
2OO cfm; d, =
383 cfm
4-31 (a) This type of space will require a high ventilation
(supply air)
rate to handle the load, air cleanliness is not the main criterion.
Therefore, a low efficiency filter with low pressure drop is
acceptable. From table 4-2, assume occupancy will be about 30
persons / l OOO ft2. So the total design occupancy is 90
persons. he design will be based on this occupancy although
the cooling requirements may dictate a larger supply air rate.
Excets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors 1br distribution n a not-fr-prfit basls for testing r instructinal purposes only to
students enroled in courses or which the textbok has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or trnstion of his ork beyond ht permitted
by Secins 1 07 or ] 08 of the 97 6 [J nied Sttes Cpyright c thout the permissin f he copyright oner is unlful.
77
A ''fresh air'' balance on the filter gives , =
(Q"
_
Qo) / Ef
d," =
(20
-15)
/ 0.5
=
10 cfm / person recirculation rate
4-31 (continued)
,
:
1O + 1 5
=25
cfm / person supply rate
Q =
25 x 90 =
2250 cfm total supply rate
Net face area, f
=
2250 / 35o
=
6'43 ft2
(b) A higher efficiency would reduce the total amount of air and
reduce the required face area. However this is not desirable in
this case. First the filter system would have to be enlarged to
handle the greater amount of air. A lower filter efficiency could
be used and still maintain the required air quality.
For example, suppose the load dictates 4000 cfm instead of
2250 cfm, then for 90
PeoPle
, =
4ooo / 90
=
44'4 cfm / person
Using a minimum of 15 cfm / person of outdoor air.
Qr. =
44.4
-
15
=
29
'4
cfm /
Person
8. =
29.4: (20 - 1s) / Er
Et
=
5 29'4
:
0'17 or 17o required
4-32 (a)
Q =
(Q, / v) 60 (i|.
-ir)
l5x
I
xerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit b
studes enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reprduction
by Sections ] 07 or ] 08 of he 1976 Unied SteS Copyrigh c )ithou he permission fhe cop;
225
people
75F
RH=5%
125,0
78
x13
ft3 / ba
. =
(125,oOo x13)
[
60 x (28 - 1e.4
)]
Qs
=
3,149 cfm
, = o
=
15 x225
,
=
3,375 cfm
Q. must be 3,375 cfm, find ne\/ Supply air condition
125,000
=
(3,375 I 13) 60 (28 - i.)
i'
=
28
-
(125,000 x 13
)
/ ( 3,375x 60)
=
20 Btu i lba
Locate new condition on chart aS Sho\/n' Coil must cool oDA
down to this new condition.
Excets frm this work may be reprodued by instrutors or distribution on a not-tbr-profit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to
students enroed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny her reproduction or rnsation of his work beyond th permitted
by Sections 107 r ]08 ofhe )976 Unied SeS Cpyright ct withut the permissin fhe cpyright o]ner unl:wful.
(b)
(c)
-D
50 52
Exets from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for
testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrlled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsltin of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections 07 or ]0B
of the 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright owner is unlwful.
Requests
for
permission or
further
informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment' J ohn
Wiley & Sns, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 5
k
=
Cx
=0.2
4
=O.8
(Btu
_
in) / ( hr - ft2
_
F)
k
=
1 .14 x 0.1
=
0.114 W / (m-C)
C=k l x=o.3o / 5.5
=
o.o55 Btu /
1ft2-nr_
11
C
=
O.O43 / . 14
=
.307 W/ (m2
_
C)
(a) R
=
1lC= 1/0.055
=
18.3 (ft'- hr- F)/ Btu
R'
=
R l A= 1 l CA= 18.3/ 10
=
0.183 ( hr-F)/Btu
(b) R
='1
I .307
=
3.26(m'-C)/W
R'=3.26l9.3=0.35C/W
5-'1 (a)
(b)
5-2 (a)
(b)
5-3
5-4 R
= Ri ,
Rgyp
=1C=1l3'1=o'32
Rbtd
=
!0.33
=
3.03; Rair
=
0.68
R
=
0.68
+
0.32+ 3.03
+
0.32+ 0.68
R
=
5.03 (hr- ft2- F) / Btu
R-0.68 R=0.68
R=0.32
5-5
tnb n2
R'=
2
+
2k| 2koL
AssumeL=1ft
k:0'2 Btu - in' t(ft2
_hr_F);
kp
=314
Btu-in te
_hr_F)
81
lnside Surface
(7 m/s
)
overalI hermal Resis.
0120
=
0.652 m2clW
5-10
5-11
Outside Surface
4 in. Face Brick
Sheathing
lnsulation
2x4 stud
Gypsum board
lnside surface
otal
Between Frame
0.17
0.65
1.32
1 1.0
0.32
.68
14.14
t Framinq
0.17
0.65
1.32
4.27
0.32
0.68
7.41
UA:U1; +U11, U
=
UiAi / + U11/A
r
=
14'5
^nd
A'
=lan

=
L
A 16 A 16 R
,
=
"
:
-)-

"
+1=
0 o77Btu /
(r',..-tt' -r)
110
"14.14)
116
7.41J
An ordinary walt with
=
O.9 has a unit resistance of 0.68. A
highIy reflective wall,
=
O.05, has a unit resistance of 1'70.
Assume radiation heat transfer is zero for reflective wall. hen
the resistance due to convection alone is approximately
Rc=1.7; hc=1/Rc=0.59;
h.*r:1/0'68 =
1'47
Frac. Conv.
=
ha lh.
*,
=
0.59 I 1'47
=
0'4
xerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only t
"'.;.;;;1l;l,,.o,rr.r'r-
*nh the texibook has been adopted' ny ther reprcluclin o^:.:::Ei::::":!,::i:,i'''y''o"!:*!
-, -
- ,
82
5-12
ssume 15 mph wind.
Rr
(2
x 6) RzQ x 4\
1. Outside surface, 15 mPh 0'17
0'17
2. Siding
0'79
0'79
3. Sheathing
1'32
1'32
4. lnsulation,
19'0
11'0
2x4
4'27
2x6
6.7
5. GYPsum wall board
0'32
0'32
6. lnside surface
0.68
0'68
Total
28.98
18'55
Ut
=
0.035 Btu / (hr - ft2
-
F)
2
__O.o54
Btu /
1lr
- ft2
-
F1
% DiffereC = [o'O5-4r_0-035) ''
ool
=
35'2
[
0.0s )
'
5-13
Air space will be near the indoor temperature
with small
t across the air Space.
Use t."rn
=
50 F and t
=
10 F and read
R
=
1.oz(rrr
-f( -r)
I Atu
[Tabte
S-3a] or 0.18 m2clW
5-14 Assume tr"rn
=
50 F; t
=
10 F
R
=
3.55
(hr - ft2
_F)
/ Btu or 0.62
(.2
_c/W)
[abte
5-3a]
5-15
qc/
=
U"t
Find U for highly reflective surfaces because radiation will be
minimal. This will
give a good approximation
for the convection
component.
From Table 5-2a,l1orz', heat flow down
83
Uc=1/R =
1l(2x4.55) =
0'11
q./
or
U^
_
--l'
=
o.625;
q. /
=
0.625(63
-
43)
=
12'5 W/m2
" (2x0
, _
'4
/ a
'.4l
Q/A..
='n
l(
|l
l _[
l'
'l
l'
'L1oO]
_1o]
-]'
for 1= t2=O'9,
E
:
0.82, '
(q/A),.
=
O.1 713 x9.s2
t635
o
_s.ol
m
Radiation heat transfer is about 10 times
greater'
5-16 U*
=
O.O7 Btu / (hr - tt2
-
11
Ud
=
O.4O Btu / (hr - ft2
-
F)
Uwin
=
O'81 Btu / (hr - ft2
-
F)
Ad
=
17
'78
ft2; Awin
=25'0
ft2;
*
=
117
'2
f(
Parallel heat flow
Paths
U
=
U*A* + U66 + U*;n*in

(o.O7 x117'2) + (O.4 x 17.78) + (0'81 x25'0)
I I_
117.2
=
O.3O Btu /(hr - f(
_F)
or about 1
'72\
t(m'
_
c)
5-17
q/
=
U(ti
_to)
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis fo testing or instructiona]
purposes ony to
students enrolled in courses tbr wbich the texibook has been uJ o|t.. ny her reprucion or rnstion of his work beyond h penitted
: : -'- -.41-^ ^^^'',.:/a! ^''''av;" "'-6!$
20'
g'
84
From Table 5-4b, construction
2, R
=
8.90 (hr
-
ft2
-
F) / Btu
Assume insulation does not fitl the airspace'
Remove R for metal bath and plaster of 0.47
(f''.
-
tt'
-
f)/Btu and
\"' )
add R for acoustical tile and insulation'
Ceiling, R"
=
1 / 0'8; insulation'
R='1 1'00;
R1e61=20.68;
U
=
1/R
=
0'048 Btu / (hr - ft2
-Fi
q/
=
o'o48
(72 - 5)
=
3'22 B / (hr
_
ft2)
5-18 From Table 5-4a, Construction
1
Uw=
9!+=oe71wr(m2-c)
0.1761
\ /
Ud
=
2.27 Wl(m2
-a)'
Table 5-8
Uwin
=
4'62w1(m2
-
")'
Table 5-5b
w
=
35 m2;win =8m2;d
=
2m2
U
=
U*A* + U6 + + Uwinwin
u
_
Q.e7
1x35) + (2.27x2) + (4'62x8)
-_
2.16 w I
(m2 -
c)
35
5-19
U
=
O.14 Btu / (hr
_
ft2
_
F1able5
_
4a, Construction
No. 2
R=1O.14 =
7'14, Rn
=7'14_(1
to'44) + (1/0.55)
=6.69
Un
=
0.15 Btu/(h r - ft2 - F) or about .85 W l
1m2-c1
5-20
ssume ardwood, k
=
1.25
(Btu-in) / (hr - ft2 - F)
Summer
Winter
R
=
0.68
Ri
=
0.68
Excts from thts work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or nstructiona
purposes only to
students enolled in courses for which the tetbok has been adopted. ny ther reprouction or rfistion of his ork beyond th permied
85
R
=
'1
'375
l 1.25 R
=
1
'375
l 1'25
Ro
=
0.25 Ro
=
0.17
R,
=
2.03 R*
=
'1.95
U,
=0.49
Btu / (hr-ft2
-F)
U*
=0.51
Btu /(hr-ft2-F)
Both values are greater than the value given in
able 5-8 of O.39 Btu / (hr
_
ft2
-
F), but acceptable.
5-21 Computed: Ri
=
0.68, Rs
=
0.03 (estimate); Ro
=
0.25
Ri
+RgaRo=0.96=R
U
=
1.04 Btu / (hr - tt2
-r);
or 5.92 wl(m2
-c)
computed
Utub
:
1.O4 Btu / (hr - t2
_r);
Table 5-5a
or 5.91 \ l(m2
_c);
Table 5_5b; Same result
\ /'
5-22 (a) From Table 5-5 U=1.08 Btu /
1nr
- ft2
-
F)
(b) ssume tr"rn
:
50 F; t
=
10 F
Ras
=
1.ol
(nr
-f(
-r)
r atu
'
.,
= ++
1 .O1
=
1'94, Un
=
O.52 Btu/1lr-ft2-F) Rn
=U-R',
1.og
5-23 (a) Uw
=
o.o89 Btu /(hr - tt2
_
11 or O.51 W/(m2
_
c)ale 5-9
l l- _
.o29 Btu / (hr - ft2
_F)
or O'16 W/
(-'_c)
ante 5-1o ,.J fl
-'L)
lJ ur\ll -L
_|
l
J lv'l\J vYl1l
-)
(b)
Q=U(ti
_tg);
tr= t"ur-A
xerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnsltion f his ork beyond tht permited
..-_''r-]
^_':'_^'-
!
^'.'. ^'.4'
86
tavg
=35'8
F (2'44 C) Table 5-11}Chicao.lllinois
A
:22
F (12 C) Figure 5-7
)
*
5-23 (continued)
tg__35'8-22
=
13.8; t:72re2c)
q*
=
0.89 (4 x 20 x7) (72 - 1 3'8)
=
2,900 Btu / hr or 0.85 kW
qn
=
0.029 (20 x20) (72 - 13.8)
=
675 Btu /hr or 0.2 kW
5-24 R"
=
R1, Un
=
0.029 Table 5-10
Rrin
=
1l 0.48 Table 5-1a (Fibrous Pad)
Re
=
#"+
2.08
=
36.6
U"
=
0.027 Btu / (hr - ft2
-
F) or 0.16 Wl(m'z
-
C)
5-25 (a) R*=: +11+ (1 t
g.1)
=
22.6
"0089
\
U*
=
0.044 Btu/(hr-ftu-F) or 0.25 w1m2-c)
Rf
=
-:
+ (1 tO.4s): 36.6
0029
\
Un
=
0.027 Btu/(hr - tt2
-f)
or 0.155 Wl(m'z-c)
(b) Refer to problem solution 5-23
Q*
=
0.044 (4 x20 x7) (72 - 13.8)
=
1434 Btu / hr or 0'42k\^
Qn =
0 027 (20 x20) (72 - 13.8)
=
629 Btu / hr or 0.18 kW
5-26 Rins
=
#
=
4'1z
(rrr
_f( _r)l
tu
C
=
O.24Btu/(hr
-'f( -F)
or 1.36 Wl(m'z
-
c)
Excerpts fom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-prfit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to
studentsenrolledincoursesforwhichthetextbokhasbeenadopted. nyherreproductionrrnstionofhisrkbeyondhpermied
bSecti.s1[]7ny
nn{t]o 1076'b;l.)l-l-"/-^4'-')-"} 'l-''':'''
:"'''.^'''
l / .*'
87
Then from Fig. 5-8, U'
=
0.85 Btu/(hr
-f( -F)
or 1.47 W(m-C)
Q =
U'P (ti
-
to)
=
0.85 x 300172 -101
=
15,8'10 Btu/hr or 4.63 kW
5-27 t
=
72 F (22 C) Assumed
R"
=
R5 + R1, Ub
=
o.52 Btu /
1nr
-tt2
_
11 Table 5-9
Rfi,.,,
=R1
+Ru6*Rqyp=(5.0) + 0.0 +(1 12.22)
=
7.22
R^-
1
+7.22=26.5
-
0.052
U"
=
o.o38 Btu / (hr -ft2
_F)
or o'22l(m'z_c)
5-28 Ub
:
1.14 from Table 5-9
Rn
=
++
O.7 + (1 t 12'6)= 1.66 (m2-c)//, Un
=
0.60 W(m2-
1.14
c)
or Un
=
O'1OO Btu /
1nr
-ft2
-F)
This does not account for the walls above grade.
5-29 U
=
0'16 able 5-'10 (no finish)
Rn:++(t69)+
(1 t4.6)
=6.611m2-c1
lw
0.16
\
'
Un
=
0.15 W/(m2-C) or 0.027 Btu / (hr -ft2
-
r)
5-30
q/A= Un(ti
-ts)=
(ti
-tt)/Rt=(tt-t)lR2
Rl=Rgyp+R1nr+R1, R1
=
(112.6)+ 0.7 +0.12= 0.90
tl
=
ti
_UnR1(ti _tg)
=20
-
[1.05
x 0.9 (2 - 10)]
Ecerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_pofit basis fr testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted . ny ther reproduction or trnsltion of his rk beynd ht permied
hi 9"};.-"
a
^''
]9
^.}L-
oaA L-;.^) c'-''^' '.''-:-'
^'"-^-:' "'-5{i ' . . .
88
5-31
t1= 14.6 C or 58F
R2
=
Rrr, +Ri
=
( I 12.6) +0'12='20
tz
=
20_
[O.60
x O'2
(2o-1)]
=
18.8 c or 65.8 F
q/A=Un (ti
_tg)=(t _t'')/R1;
Rl=Ri +Rc
=
0.12 + (1 I 4.6) --
0.34
t=20_
(O.15) (O.34) (20-10)
=
19.5 c or 67 F
5-32 C
=
0.2 Btui(hr-ft2-F);
Figure 5-8
8 =
U'P
(t1
_to);
Ui, =
0.81 Btu/
(hr-ft-F) or 1.a W(m-C)
U'ni
=
1.37 Btu / (hr - ft -F)
(a) q/P
=
0.81
(70 - 5) =
52'7
(b)
q/P
=
1.37
(70 - 5)
=
89'1
5-33
Q
=
t / R'
;
Eq. 5-25; L>>'
R'=
Btu / (hr - ft) or 50.7 W/m
Btu / (hr - ft) or 85.6 W/m
L
=
100ft
. zoo
x121^
tn(12x1OO/2x3o)l
_'nL-o--@J
_3"10012)
R'
=
8. 12 x 1O-3
thr
- F) / Btu
of
pipe wall.
Which neglects the resistance
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instrutional
purposes only to
Students enollod in courses fbr h'ih the textbook hu, "., uJ o|i"a. ny oher reprucin r rnslioi f this ork beyond ht permited
L- Q.nl;n-" n
^.'
'
:
''
^ '
'1-"4'
"'
2kL
6-
70-42
- =3,4488tu
/ hr;
'
8.12
x 1O-'
orq=1.01
kW;
9=33
1W/m
L
q/L
=
34.488tu/(hr-ft)
5-34 Q=t
/R'
5-35
R'g =
2
(1.4) 100
=4.98x10-3
C/W
Neglect
resistance
of the inside
film and the tube
wall'
.
60-5
=11.04kw
O
=
----------c
'
4.98 x 10--
Moisturewillmovetowardtheinside.Locatethevapor
retardent
on the outer
side of the insulation'
The insulation
will beome
wet if the retardent
is
placed on the
inside
or left out entirely
and the
plywood
would
probably
\/arp
and rot.
5-36
(a)
Q/A
=
Uo(ti
_to)=(t
_t1)/R1
=(ti
_t)lR2
Ro
=
O'68
+ O'45
+1 1 + 1'O +O'8 + O'17 =
14'1
Uo
=
O'o71
Btu /( rr
- ft2
_F1
Rr =
0'68
+ O'45 =
1'13(
hr - f(
-F)
/ Btu
R2 =
O'68
+ O'45
+11
-12'13(hr
- ft2
-F)
/ Btu
tt=t_R1Uo(t_to)=7O_(1.13xO'O71)(7O-1O)=65.2F
Excerps
rom his \rk lnay be reproduced
by insructors
for distribution
n a no-for-prol
basis for esting or instructiona'
purposes only to
students enrolled in courses fo
^:
lh.
j:*tbook
has *9,i'"l'J i."o"'i,-:';;;;;;;;;;;"ii"111i117; ,:y::'::'|"*o
yt.pern:ted
90
tz=70-(12'13
x 0.071)
(70-10)
=
18'3 F
(b) At 70 F, 3O%o R.. and
possible leakage of air to surfaces
1
or 2-
tdp=37F<65F-ocondensationexpected
(c)Since|z=lS.3Fismuchlessthanthedewpoint,condensation
would ocur'
Place vapor retardent
at the location
of interface
1'
5-37
Assume
infiltration
is negligible
ufAf
(ti
-
t")
=
UwA*(t.
-
to)+ U'P(t.
-
to)
=
rilcp(tc
-
to)
*
_
UrAtt,
+(U**
+U'P+rhcp)to',ti=72F;
to
=
1o F
c
_
(UtAt + U** + U'P + rhc,
)
ssume
1.5 in. of wood floor, Pine; Rwoo =
'1'5l0'8
=1'88
U,
=1;
Rt
=O'92+1'88+O'92
=3'72;Ut=0'27
'Rf
Ur= 0'27 x 30 x 60
=
484 Btu/(hr-F)
rr
-a'R*
=0.68+(6/15)+
O'17 =1'25',U*
=
O'80
"*_Rw
v
U*A* =
O.8O x 2(30
+
60)2
-- 288 Btu/(hr-F)
U'P=1.8x(30+60)2=324
,h.p =
20 x 0.075 x 60 x o
'24 =
21
'6
Btu/(hr-F)
+
-484
x72
+ (288
+
324
+
21'6)10
=
36.85 F
c_-
484+288+324+21'6
5-38
(a)
Q/A
=
U(ti
-to)
=
(tr-to)/R1;
Uz=0.112',
Rr=O.17
+
0.33
+
4'17
+
2'22
=
6'89
(construction
2)
Excrpts from this work may be rproduced by instructors for distribution
on a not-for-pofrt basis fo 1e^sting or lnstructional
purposes only to
'
students enolled in courses fr whih the textbo"t -'", "*
"J "p
t.d. ,-ny otlr", ,rproEu.in r rnslio of his ork beyond ht permited
91
t1
=
(6.89 x 0.112)
(72-0)
=
55.6 F
(b) U
:
0.211
(construction 1)
Rr
=
0.17 + 0.33 +2'22
=
2'72
ti
=to+R1U(ti -to)=O
+ (2.72x0.211)(72-0)
=
41.3F
(c) lf room air leaks into the air space for the case of no roof deck
insulation (b) there could be some condensation since t6p
=
50
F at72 F and 45% R. With the insulation, no condensation
would be exPected.
5-39
(ti
-to)
/ Rr
=
(ti
-ti)
/ R1
R,
=
4'5 or O.79
1m2-cyw ;
able 5-4a
(Const. No.1)
R
=
0.68 + O.45 + O.94
=2.O7 1nr-tt2_F1/Btu
or 0.365
1m2-cru
Between Furring and block
tl
=
ti
_
ft,'
_
to)
=
22_
ffir'+17)
=
3.98 C or 39 F
tdp
=
9.5 C, Assuming room air can diffuse into the air space,
condensation likely will form on the concrete block surface.
Therefore,
place vapor retardant on inside surface of
gypsum
board. Use foil backed retardent. Retardent must not touch
concrete blocks!
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposS ony to
_
;;#;;;;ln .o,,'",'to. *ni:|
lh
j:;bo
has been adopted. o'l
"!!1:
,.,-r.':'!!i|',?!
":::::i:::::":!,*r::!''n! 'y,'o**o
,
92
5-40 U1A1(ti-tn) +
Ua+(ti-tn)
=
2U33(tn-to) +
lJ zAzftn-to)
,^
_
(UlAl
+ Uzz
)ti
+
2Uggto +
Uzzto
''
2sg + UzAz
*
Ull
*
UqA
UrAr
= 0.09 x 8 x 20
=
14.4',
UzAz
=
0.09 x 8.54 x20
=
15.4',
U33
=
0.09x3x8
UA=0.09x3x20=5'4
r
_(4.4+15.4)70+(2
x 0.8 x o)
+
(15.a
x o)
L6=
-S5.8F
"
(2 x 1.08) +
15.4
+
14.4
+
5.4
Place water pipes
in this space with some caution.
Uf f (ti-tb
) =
(U** +
Utt
)(t
-tg
) ;
ti
=
72 F
tg
=
turg
-
- 37.6
_23
=
14'6 F or B C
1
Ut
=
&
;
Rf
=
(2 x 0.92)
+
(1 5/0.8)
+
2.1
=
5.82
Carpet and Fibrous pad assumed, Ur
=
0.172 Btu/ (hr - ft2 - F)
U*
=.164
Table 5
_
9; Uot
=
0.029 able 5
_
1o
ltrti
+ ( U**
+
Ubf f
)tg
=
1.08
5-41
tb=
U11 + U**
*Urr
r,
_(0.172x400
x72)
+
(.1G4 x 80 x 7
+
0.029 x 4OO)1a.6
l'b-
to
=
30.3 F or -0.95 C
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students enrolled in courses fr whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny oher reproucion or rnslii qf his ork beyond h nermied
by Seins 07 r ! 08 n! n." t o7A t r;lDs <}-t-^ .^^',-]-Ll t 1: ^^...'- -
Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued
by instructr9 jor
distribution
on a not-for-prrt
basis fr
testing or instructinal
purposes on1y to studes enrlled in ourses for whih the textbook
has been
adopted.
ny other reproduction
or trns,ltion
of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections
]07 or
0B f the ]976 Unitei Sttes Copyright
ct withut the permission of the copyright
owner is unlwfu'
Requests
fr
permissioln or
furthir"infrmtion
should be'ddressed
ti the Peimission
Deprtment'
J ohn
iiria son, nr, ] 1 ] Rier Street, Hoboken'
NJ 07030'
6-1
CHAPTER
6
Refer to Table B-1 . The computer
program PSYC may be used
to find the
humidity
ratio from t66 and assumed
100% R'
Design
relative
humidity
is determined
by
possible condensation
on inside
of
glass. Find
glass surface
temperature
(which is the maximum
dew-
poi;t temperature
of the inside air allowed)'
q/A
=
U(t'
-
to)
=
Cr(tr
-
b)
t= 72"F; t.,
=
glass Surface
temperature
U
=
0.65 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)'
Table 5-5a
111
,
hi
=
1.46 Btu/inr-ft2-f)
c1 uhi
C =
1'172 Btl
(rrr-ft2-F1
6-2
Wind
Direction,
deg.
CCW from N
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.003
.0
0.003
140
290
10
340
360
20
6
13
4
12
I
7
11
-2
-9
24
18
28
(a) Pendleton,
OR
(b) Milwaukee,
Wl
(c) Anchorage,
L
(d) Norfolk,
VA
(e) lbuquerque,
NM
(f) Charleston,
SC
94
tr=
Uti + to (Cr
-
U)
cl
6-3
*
RH
=
60
o/o
would probably be uncomfortable
R
=
40 to 50% would be more realistic
Assume that the weather strip does not change the convetive heat loss.
From Figure 6-2, Cp
=
0.3. Using Eq. (6-7b) with the air density of 0 'F,
the pressure difference due to wind is
:
[o
.086!\'( ls*ot
*
|.467
fi
l'\
ft')\
mph)
P.
=
z.(y.rrbm_
ft)

lbf_s')
(o.rnr.o
t"'tt
)

lbf l
ft')
P*
=
0'037in'wg
ssuming slight stack effect, P
^y
0.04 in. water
Using Table 6-1 and Fig. 6-1,
Excets from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distibution n a not-for-profit basis or testing or instructional puoses only to
studentsnrolledincursestbrwhichthetextbookhasbeenadopted.
nytherreproducionorrnslionofhisrkbeyondthtPermied
by Sections 07 or 08 ofthe ]976 United Sttes Copyright ctthout the permssin ofhe copyrigh oner is unlaful-
City
lndoor
T,
oF
Outdoor
,
oF
tr=
top,
oF
Design or
Max.
RH-%
(a) Caribou, ME
(b) Birmingham, L
(c) Cleveland, o
(d) Denver, CO
(e) San Francisco, C
(g) Boise, lD
Rapid City
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
-10
23
b
3
39
-'16
I
35.5
50.2
42.6
41.3
57.3
32.8
44.0
26.2
46.1
34.6
32.9
59.9*
23.6
36.5
95
Loose fit with non-\/eather-stripped,
K - 6;
a
lL
=
O.75 cfm/ft
Loose fit with weather-stripped,
K= 2;
Q/L
=
O'24 cfmtft
Total length of crack,
= [(3
x 3)
+ (2 x 5)] x 9
=
171 ft
Using Ll2for calculation, then
Q,,
=
0.75 x 17112= 64.1 cfm,
Q,
=
0'24x17112= 2O'5 cfm
I
Now
Q,
=
rh
cr(t1
-
to)
=
v
cp(t;
-
tr)
Q,r-8,,
-At-4, -
Q,, Qt
P.,
=
64.t-20.5
64.r
=
0.68
6-4
or a reduction of 68% in sensible heat loss.
Also,
(Kl
-
K)l1=
-2)16
=
0.67 or 670/o Reduction.
From Fig. 6-2, Cp
=
0'52tor windward wind'
Assuming standard sea level air density, the pressure difference due to
the wind speed of 13 m/s is
_
53.6P
z.( .okg
_
*
t
i/-s'
(a) From Table 6-2, K
=
1 for tight-fitting.
Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q/L =
0.60 L/m-s
Q
=
0.60 x (0.9
+
2'0) x2
= 3l8_L
ssuming that the wind speed and wind direction are the Same as the
given conditions for the bank at Rapid City, SD, the heating load
(at -20'6
Ecerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors fo distibution on a not-fbr-prfit basis for testing or instructional
puoses only to
students enol1ed in ourses fbr which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher repriucion or rnslion f his rk beyond ht permited
by Sections 107 or ]08 ofthe 976 rJ nited States Copyright cilhou he permission fhe copyrigh owner is unlwful'
ry]
s)
a,
=
(:
+
*
. o 1

)
('
.#l

r r,
*
}r)rr,
_
1_zo.o1)"
c
=
393.tW
--6-
.C
outdoor temp. and 72'C indoor temp.) due to the door infiltration can
be calculating
using Eq. (6-2b) as:
(b) From Table 6-2,
=
2 for average-fitting'
1'25 L/m-s
Q =
'1
.25x
(0.9
+
2.0) x 2=7-25--Lls
,
_(',
.zs* 0 OO'+)
('.rrfil

rrrn?)o,
_
e20.6))"
C
=
819 0W
(c) From Table 6-2, K
=
6 for average-fitting'
3.40 L/m-s
e =
3.40 x (0.9
+
2.0) x2
= 19f2-Lls
,
=(l
2*
'001c)
('.#l
rr,
*}a)o'_e20.6))"C
_2227'6W
From Figure 6-2, C
=
0.52' Using Eq. (6-7b) with the standard air density,
the
pressure difference due to wind is
r2

p _
o'sz
(o
o s#)
(zz-en-
l
#)'
(
o.rnro
:n:
r,
^\ \-
(
b^_f)

lbflft')
z.| z.17':::-_!- |

lbf
_s'z)
P'
=
0't35in'wg
Neglecting stack effect and
pressurization, P -
0.135 in' water
From Table 6-1, K
=
2 for average-fitting
with non-weather-stripped.
From Fig. 6-1, Q/L =
0.60 cfm/ft.
L"
= [(3
x2.5)
+ (2 x 4)]x3
=
46.5 ft
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutronal
puoses only t
studentsenrlledinourses1brwhihthetextbookhasbeenadopted.
nyotherreproduc'onorrnsionfthisrkbeyondhtpermited
by Sectins 107 or ]08 oftnn isri {J nied SeS Copyrigh chu ie permisiin ofhe cpyrigh oner is unlwful'
6-5
b-b
Q
=
0.60 x 46.5
=
27.9 cfm.
(a) The wind effect is assumed to be independent of height and
pressure
differences due to wind are the same as those given in Ex. 6-1.
3'd Floor: P"/C
=
0.037; P,
=
0.037 x 0.8
=
0.03 in. water
orientation
P, P* P
Windward 0.03 0.066 .96
Sides
Leeward
0.03
-0.066 -0.036
0.03 -0.033 -0.003
gth
Foor: P./Co
_
-0.100; P, - -0.100 x 0.8
=
-0.08 in. water
orientation P. P, P
Windward -0.08 0.066 -0.14
Sides
Leeward
-0 08 -0.066 -0.'146
-0.08 -0.033 -0.1 13
(b) For Bitlings, MT, design conditionS are to
=
-7oF, t= 72"F,
=
28o/o.
From Table 6-3, K
=
0.66 for conventional urtain wall.
ir will infiltrate on windward side only on 3'd floor.
Windward
-
3E floor
QiA =
0.15 cfm/ft2; Q =
0.15(120 x 10)
=
180 cfm
Then
9
"
=
(1 80 x 60/1 2.4)(0.24)(72
-
(-7))
=
16,514 Btu/hr
Q,. =
(180 x 60/12.4)(0.005
-
0.000)1060 =
4,616 Btu/hr
Qt
= Q,
+
8r.
= *1-3oBtu1h [3'd
Floor]
gth
Floor
-
All exfiltration on this floor.
Qt
= otur 19th
Floo
EXerptS from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors for distributioIr on a not-for-pro1it basis for testing or instrutional puoses only t
students enrolled in courses tbr which the textbok has been adopted. ny her reprotluctin r trnsltion of this ork beyond h permitted
by Secions 07 or ] 08 of he 976 t'J nited Stes Copyrigh c 1ihou he permission f the cpyrigh lner is unrful.
98-
6-7
(a) Windward
Doors:
Double
vestibule
type
P
=
o.146 in' water, assume
1/8 in' racks
Q/L =
16 cfm/ft
tFg.
6-7]
,
L
-- 32 ft
[Ex'
6-2]
Q =
16 x 32 x0'7 =
358 cfm
(Assume30o/oreductionforvestibuledoors)
6-7
(Cont.)
Side Doors:
Double
vestibule
tYPe
P =
-o'o52 in' water'
1/8 in' cracks
Q =
O.O
(negative
pres' dff')
(b) Windward:
P
=
O146 in' water' K
=
0'66
lable
6-3]
Q/A =
o.2o cfm/ft2
[Fig.
6-6]
A=120x10=1200ft2
Q =
0.29(120) =
240 cfm
Sides: P =
-O'O52 in' water' K
=
O'66
[Table
6-2]
8 =
O.O (negative
pres' dff')
UULeeward:
P =
O'047
in' water, K
=
O'66
[Fig'
6-6]
Q/ =
O.1Oo cfm/ft2,
A
=
1200 ft2
Q =
O.1O(1200) =
120 cfm;
Total infiltration
for the walls is
8* =
240
+
O.O
+
120
=
360 cfm
(c) Totat infiltration
is sum for doors and walls'
From x.6-2'for
leeward
door' Q =
179 cfm'
Then the total door filtration
is
Qo=358+179=537cfm(neglectinfil.duetotraffic).
Andthetotalwallinfiltrationis360cfm,thenQ=897cfm
xcerpts tiom this wk may be reproduced by instuctors fo dlstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing o instructional
puoses only to
students enolled in ourses t. *-'}, the textbook has been uaot,i
'ny
ornr, ,rprort|uron'o''trnston-ths
ork beyond hct permied
by Sectins 1 07 or ] 08 o7 n' to:ii'inir-d Ses Cpyrgh'
''i"rii'i"''
'i"
per-ission of he cpyright oner is unfu'
6-8
9V
For Charleston,
WV: to =
1 1oF' ti
=
70oF
q,
=
(897 x ll \
'z)(o'z4)(70-11)
=
65'25
Btu/hr
q.
=
(897 x 60/1 1'72)(1060)(O'OO5 -
O OOO) =
24'338
Btu/hr
q
=
q"
+
9.
=
89,363
Btu/hr
(a) Assuming
standard
sea level air density,
the
pressure difference
due
to the wind sPeed
of 20 m/s is
(
o.o,urt\'(zo*pt
*1.461L:\
/
,,_
|.9/+
tbfl
fi,J
=o
197in,water
UUWindward:
P*=O197xO25=ooo:
-
} E:l,
n*l:
Leeward:
P* =
O"197 x
(-0'5)
=
-0'099 in
AssumPtions:
1) temperature
differenc,
t
_
to'
=
40oF
zi tle neutral
pressure level is at floor 9'
3) the floor height
is 12 ft', and
4) C =
0'80'
Then, from Fig.6-5,
Floor
1: h
=
108 ft., Pr/Co =
O.13, and P"
=
O'13 x O'8O =
0'104
in' water
Floor 5: h
=
60 ft., P, =
0'065 x O'8O
=
0'052 in' water
Floor
15: h
=
72ft., P, =
-O'O85 x 0'8O
=
-0'068 in' water
Floor 20: h
=
132ft., PS =
-Q'160 x O'80 =
-0j28 in' water
Windward
Leeward
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basis fr testing r instructional
puoses only to
students enrolled n couSes tor whih the textbook *'
119iJ ]1'^"'i";:i:j!i::;:;:;:':""":jfi,':i:,i{:x:x#,.beyond
h permtted
;}i::j;fii,Z'i'"f!"in:ii'ini,a
s**, copy,ign,'a;,\iiio"i'', i,.'i-n
of he coyrigh owner is unlwful
&
r *--,-,
Flnr P*
P"
P
P*
P"
P
1
5
15
20
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.1 4
0.052
-0.068
-0.128
0.1 53
0.101
-0.019
-0.79
-0.099
-.099
-0.99
-0.099
0.104
0.052
-0.068
-0.128
0.005
-0.047
-0.167
-0.227
100
(b)
6-8
(Cont.)
-o.2 -.1 0.0 .1
.2
R. ilt. lrate
*E*-lfi$ffard
".-,t
-
LErard
lnfiltration
-
Windward
Sides,
from 1't to 13th Floor
Leeward
Sides,
1't Floor onlY
Exfiltration
_
Wind\/ard
Sides,
from 14th to 2oth Foor
Leeward
Sides,
from 2nd to 2Oth Floor
(c) 1rt floor, lnfiltration
on all sides
-
through
doors,
walls
and fixed
windows
Windward
Walls: from Table 6-3, K
=
0'22 for tight fitting.
f rorn f ig. 6-6, Q/A =
O.OB cfm/ft2'
A=(1+60)1
2=1920f(
Q =
O.O8 x 1920 =
154 cfm
Ecets fom this work may be reproduced by instructrs for distributon on a not-for-profit basis for testng or instrutional
puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook ,u, ..n uipi"J . ny other reproa|ur'r,in-o,
r*rin-hs
ork beyond h
Permied
by Sections 07 r ] 08 o7 rnr'i 9ii'i'ie Sttes Copyrght ct ithou ie permision of he cpyright owner is unlful'
.*
\d
& tl
#
11
Leeward
walls:
from Table 6-3, K
=
0'22 for tight fitting'
From
Fig. 6-6, Q/A =
O'OO5 cfmlft2'
A
=
(1OO
+
60)12 =
1920 f(
Q =0.005x1920=
10cfm
windward
Doors:
from Fig. 6-7, Q/L =
17 cfm/ft for 1/8 in' crack'
6-8
(Cont.)
For vestibule
doors,
assume
a 35% reduction'
Q/L =
17 x 0.65 =
1 1'05 cfm/ft
L
=
(3 x 6.75)
+ (2 x 6)
=
32'25 ft
Q =
11.05
x 32.25 =
356 cfm
Leeward
Doors:
from Fig. 6-7, Q/L =
1.5 cfm/ft for 1/8 in' crack'
or vestibule
doors, assum
e a 35o/o reduction'
Q/L =
1.5 x 0.65 =
0'975 cfm/ft
=
O.975x32'25 =
31 cfm
Then,totalinfiltration(neglectingtrafficeffect)is
Qtot =
154
+
1O
+
356
+
31
=
551 cfm'
(d) and
(e) lnfittration
rate is zero due to negative
pressure
differentials
for
the 1Sth and 2th floors'
6-9
For Minneapolis,
MN: to
=
-1 1oF' t1
=
70"F
'
[Note:t=70-(-11)=81oFisinconsistentwithProblem6-8where
t
=
40"F was used; however,
an error is assumed
to be minor]
(a) From
Prob. 6-8, Q =
551 cfm for 1't floor'
q,
=
(5s1 , dotl 2'15)(0'24)(70 -
(-11))
=
52'896
Btu/hr
o,
= lbSt
x 60/1 2.15)('1060)(0.O04 -
o.ooo) =
11,537
Btu/hr
Qt= Qr* Qr.
=64,433
Btuihr
(b) and
(c) qt
=
O'O due to zero infiltration
Excets frm this wrk may be reproded by instrutos for distribution on a not-for-profit basis fo'testing
r instrutional
puoses only to
students enrol'ed in courses for whih the ,.o" oi i'"r'i""n uopt.a. ,q"y
"rn}')ir"ai.iion
o' oon'otionf
his wrk beyond ht permied
by Sectins 107 r 1 08 f the 97 6 t]nited SeS "iyriii ii
'i,thout
tie permsion of the copyrigh owner is unl:wful'
102
6-10
For Des Moines, lA: to
=
-4oF, ti
=
70oF'
Transmission
heat loss
(negtecting infiltration)
through
windows,
doors,
walls, and roofs can be determined
by Eq. 5-19 as:
q
=
UA(t
-to)
Windows:
A
=
(3 xa)1 2= 144ft2;
From Table 5-5a, U =
0.55 Btu/(hr
-
ft2
-'F1;
q
=
0.55(144)(70
-
(-4))
=
5,861 Btuihr
Doors:
A =
(3 x 6.75)1 2=243ft2',
From Table 5-8, U
=
O'28 Btu/(hr
-
ft2
-
'F);
(assume
panel with metal storm door)
q
=
0 28 (243)(70
-
(-4))
=
5,035 Btu/hr
wails:
A
=
8[(36
+
64)21-
144- 60.75 =
1395.25ft2',
From Table 5-4a, U
=
0.14 Btu/(h r
-ftz -
'F);
Q
=
O. 14(1 395. 25)(70
-
(-4))
=
14,455 Btu/hr
Roof/Ceilinq:
A
=
36 x 64
=
2304 ft2',
rorn Example 5-3, U
=
O.83 Btu/(hr
_
ft2
_
'F1;
q
=
0.083(2304)(70 -
(-4))
=
14,151 Btu/hr
Transmission
heat loss through
the slat-on-grade
floor can be determined
bY Eq 5-23 as:
Q
=
U'P(ti
-to)
Floor:
p
=
(36
+64)2=200ft;
u'
=
o.8o Btu/(hr
-
ft
-
F), from Fig' 5-8
(assume insulation
R-value
of 5.4
(hr
-
ft2
-'F)/
Btu and d
=
2ft)'
q
=
0.8(2OOX7O
-
(-4))
=
11'840 Btu/hr
Finally, total transmission
heat loss is the sum of all heat losses;
Exerpts tiom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional
puses only to
students enrolled in urses t win the txtbok t'u, ."n ui.J . ny oher reproa'o" or trnstion his ork beynd h permited
by Secions ] 07 or ] 08 o7,n, i o)i inted Stes copyrgnt iriiiiiou tie per.isiion of he copyrgh oner is unlful'
6-1 1
6-12
LP,
-
P*
=
qt
= 5l.Btut
From Figure 6-2, Cp= 0'52. Using Eq'
the
pressure difference
due to the wind
103
(6-7b) with the standard
air density,
of 15 mph is
0.0765y\-
fr' )
(0 5[
9s
=
Qr=
Qt=
z.(nllbry_
_

lbf
_s2
0.058 in. water
For a low-rise building,
neglect stack effect and
pressurization'
thus
P1
=
0.058 in. water
From TabIes 6-'1 and 6-2,
=
1 for tight-fitting
windows
and doors'
From Fig. 6-1, Q/L =
O.'13 cfm/ft'
L"
= [(3
x 3)
+ (2 x a)]x3
+ (3+6.75)x2x3 =
109'5 ft
e =
0.13 x 109.5 = 142
dm,
(14.2 x 60/1 2.15)(0'24)(70
-
(-4))
=
1,245 Btu/hr
('zx60/12'15)(16OX.O5_0.00)=372Btulhr
Q,
+
Qr.
=
1,617 Btu/hr
For alifax,
Nova Scotia:
to
=
2oF, ti
=
70oF'
Refer to Problem 6-10 for other data'
Windows:
q
=
0.55(1 44)(70
-
2) =
5'386 Btu/hr
Doors:q=0.28(243)(70-2)=4'627Btulhr
wails: Q =
0.14(1 395. 25)(70
-
2)
=
13,283 Btu/hr
ootrcuno:
q
=
O.083(23O4)(70 -2)=
13'004
Btu/hr
*r,
q
=
O.8(2OX70
_2)
=
10'880 Btu/hr
Ecets from this work may be reproduced by instrutrs for dlstribution n a not-fbr-profit basis for testing or instructional
puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses fbr which the textbok t u, .", ui.J . ny other repro3''o' or rnsltion his ork beyond th permitted
by Sectins ] 07 or 1 0B
q
'n""i
/ii i"i.d Sror", copyrsnt ii
'iiiou
i" per*isiion of he copyrigh wner is unwful'
104
6-13
6-14
6-15
6-16
Total:
qt
= 4loBtu/hr
Memphis,
TN; to
=
21
oF;
ti
=
70"F
R*= 0.92+ 1.55
+
0.99
+
1.77
+0.17
=
5.4
(Tables 5-1 a'5-2a)
U*
=
115.4 =
O.'185 Btu/(hr
-
ft2 - 'F)
Us
=
0.81 Btu/(hr
-
f(
-
"F) (Table 5-5a)
s
=
6xax3 =
54 ft2
n*
=
(40xl O)-54
=
346 ft2
q,= 0.185 x 346 x (70
-
21) =
3,136 Btu/hr
qs =
0.81 x 54 x (70
-
211= 2,143 Btu/hr
Qtotrl
= 5z
auk!
Concord,
NH; to
=
-2F, ti
=
70oF
R*= 5.4-0.99+
3.0=7.41
U*
=
.135 Btu/(hr
_
ft2
-
"F)
Us
=
0.81 Btu/(hr
-f( -
'F) (From problem 6-13)
q*
=
0.135 x 346 x
[70 -
(-2)]= 3,363 Btu/hr
qn
=
0.81 x 54 x (72)
=
3,149 Btu/hr
Qtotr
= 1Buer
lnstructor suPPlies solution.
(i'
-
iu) (a) q=9s
vs
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puoses only to
students enolled in ourses tbl which the textbook t-'as b"en udo|ted '
Any other repriuctn or trnstion f his ork beyond th permited
by Secins 07 or ] 08 7 *e l ol i ined Stotn, Copyrght Act ithou tie permisiion of he cpyrigh oner is unlcnful'
105
.
q" (280'00)(14.6)
^=
:-=:-_
=^251 cfm 19(S
_
i._iu
2.7
_21.8)60
v!
(b) q
=
rh cp(t,
-
t..)
=
9
cp(ts
-
tr)
vs
.
q, (250,00)(14.6)
Q' =
;r==
(O24X1 15_7O)
=
5'633 cfm
6-17
SHF
= Q./(9.
+
")
=
-100'999
===,
=
-3.O3
4st
(1 33, ooo
-
1 oo, ooo)
Locate states, and ondition line and heating pocess on psychometric
chart.
Q.
=
rh cp(t,
_
tr) or h
. =
q
'/cr(t,
_
t')
h.
=
100,000/(0'24 x20)
=
20,833 lbm/hr
Q. =
h. X vr/6O
=
20,833 x 14.05/60
Q" =
4,878 cfm or about 4,900 cfm
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by Secions 107 or ] 08 of the 97 6 Unied Sttes Cpyright c ,ithout the permission f he copyrigh oner is unlnful.
106
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by Sections ] 07 or 108 of he 976 [J nited SteS Cpyright ct ihout the permission of the copyright oner i3 unlful.
t
ffi
n
i
p
7-1
Exets from this work may be reproduced by instrutrs for distribution n a not-for-profit basis for
testing or instructional purposes only to students enrled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. ny ther reproduction r trnsltion fthis wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or 0B
of the 976 United Sttes Cpyright ct without the permissin f the copyright owner is unlwful.
Requests
for
permission or
further
informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, J hn
Wiley & Sns, nc, ] ] Rier Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030'
Chapter 7
First, find longitude from Table B-1a
Then, convert Daylight Saving Time to Local Standard Time using Eq. 7-5
Next, determine the equation of time from Table 7-2
Finally, determine Local Solar ime using Eq. 7-6
he following table Summarizes the solutions of the problem.
Norfolk, VA 76.2
Lincoln, NE 96.75
Casper, WY 106.47
Pendleton, OR 118.85
London, UK 0.45
75 9:00:00 M
90 1:00:00 PM
105 10:00:00 M
120 3:00:00 PM
0 7:00:00 PM
Local
^.-"":'
Eouation LocalSolar
tanar :
-'
o llme llme
ilme
8:00:00 M -2'41 min 7:52:47 A|'
12:00:00 PM -2.41min 11:30:35M
9:00:00 AM -2'41 min 8:51:43 M
2:00:00 PM -2'41min 2:02:11P
6:00:00 PM -2.41min 5:55:47 PM
Standard Daylight
Location
Longltue'
Meridian, Savings
o
ime
7-2
our angle (negative for morning and positive for afternoon) can be
determined by
h:5* (LST
_l2)
(a) h
=
15*(8.19 -'12:00)
=
15*(-3.683)
=
-55.25 deg.
(b) h
=
15*(10:03 - 12'.00)
=
'15*(-1
.950)
=
-29.25 deg.
(c) h
=
15*(15:46- 12:00)= 15*(3.767)= 56.50deg.
107
(d) h
=
15"(12.01
- 12:00) ='15*(0.017)=
0.25 deg'
7-3 t sunset and sunrise,

=0";
sin(B) =
From Eq. 7-8;

os(/)

os(h). os()
-
_sin(/).
sin()
os(h,,) =
os(ft,,) =
_
tan(/)' tan()
The following table summarizes the solutions of the problem.
Location Latitude,'N
'i"J ;::',3"
Cos(h)
^ffi::.
',|1:ff ',t''i
Billings, MT 45.8 20.6 -0.3865 112.7 4:29 AM 7:30 AM
orlando, FL 28.43 20.6 -0.2035 101.7 5:13 AM 6:46 AM
Anchorage, AL 61.17 20.6 -0.6829 133.1 3:07 M 8:52 AM
Honolulu, l 21.35 20.6 -0.1469 98.4 5:26 AM 6:33 AM
Note earlier sunrise at greater latitudes
7-4
/
=
33.0 deg. N
h
=
15.(9-12) =
-45.0 deg.
on Sep 21,
=
0.0 deg.
From Eq. 7-8;
sin(B)
:
os(/). os(ft). os() + sin(/). sin()
=
0.593

=
36'37 deg'
sin os/
_
cos sin / os h
From q' 7-11
;
s

=
-"o,
cos{
=
-0.478

=
118.57 deg. (clockwise from north)
Exerpts from this work may be reDroduced bv instnlctrq f'r rliqtrih,lfinn nn a nnt-fnr_nrnfit hqqis fr testin or instructional puoses only to
108
7-5
At sunris
e,

_
0"; sin(B) =
g
From
Eq. 7-8;
os(/)
'
os(h)
'
os()
_
_sin(/)
'
sin()
os(h,.
) -
_tan(/)'
tan()
(a) J une
21'' -- 23'45
deg;
/
=
58 deg'
cos h
=
-O'6942;
h
=
-133'96 deg' or -8'93 hours
Sunrise
is at 3:04 AM
(Solar Time)
7-6
=
O.751

=
41.33 deg.
(clockwise
from north)
(b) Dec21''
=
-23'45 deg; /
=
58 deg'
cos h
=
0.6942;
h
=
-46'04 deg' or -3'07 hours
Sunrise
is at 8:55 AM
(Solar Time)
. sincos/
_ossin
lcosh
From
q'7-11;
os=" =-0'751
=
138.67
deg.
(ctockwise
from north)
Maximumsolaraltitudeangle,willoccuratsolarnoon,h=0
^^^
_
sin cos /
-
os sin / os h
From
Eq. 7-11;
"oo
_
cos
7-7
]09-
From Eq. 7-1O, û*:90
_
Min\,
_
u,)
From Table 7-2,
|'u"l
=
23.45
(a) Denver, CO: I
=
39.75 deg. N.
For north latitude, / is positive and greater than
|rrr|
so we need largest
positive value of .
From Table 7-2, 'u"
=
23'45 deg. and hence
'",
=
73.70 deg.
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on J une 21.
(b) Lansing, Ml: l= 42.77 deg. N.
For north latitude, / is positive and greater than
|rrr|
so we need largest
positive value of .
From Table 7-2, 'u"= 23.45 deg. and hence
'u"=
70.68 deg.
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on J une 21.
(c) Sydney, ustralia: /
=
33.95 deg. S.
For south latitude, / is negative and
|/|
is greater than
l'u"l
So \/e need
largest negative
rralue of .
From Tabe 7-2, 'u,
=
-23'45 deg. and hence
'",
=
79.50 deg.
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on Dec 21.
Longitude'. Lt= 100 deg. W
Local Standard Time. LCT
=
3:30
pm
on Nov 21, Eo
=
'13.8
min
Excerpts from this orktnay be reproduced by instrutors for distibution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses nly to
l . _-__t!^lj.-^^''-^^^ ''^'^-^).'^1:^'"^-|-âclntinnnfthj.srkbeondhDermied
110
7-8
7-9
Using Eq. 7-6, LSf
=
15.50
-
(100-90).4 /60+
'13.8/60
=
15.063 Hr or 3:04
pm.
Latitude: l
=
37
'5
deg.
our ange: h
=
15-('15.063-12)
=
45.95 deg.
on Nov 21,
=
-19.8 deg.
Using Eq' 7-8 to calculate solar altitude,
=
21.36 deg.
Then using q.7-11 to calculate solar azimuth;

=
226'56 deg. (clockwise
from north)
Surface azimuth;
=
12+180
=
192 deg. (clockwise from north)
Finally, using q.7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth
y=
1226.56-1921=
34.56 deg.
Using q' 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence for a vertical surface

=
39.92 deg.
Using q' 7-13a to caIculate angle of incidence for an inclined surface
For surface tilt
=
70", = 32.30 deg'
For Ottawa, Ontario on J uly 21,
Longitude. Lt= 75.67 deg. W
Latitude:
=
45.32 deg. N
XetS from this work may be reproduced by lnstrutors for distribution n a not-for-profit basis fr testing or instructional purposos only to
studerrts enroled in curses for whih the tcxtbook has been adopted. ny her reroductio or r1fisin f his work beyond ht ermited
Equation of ime: oT
=
-6.2 min
Dec|ination: = 20.6 deg.
(a) Eastern Daylight Savings Time: EDSI
=
4:00 pm
Using Eq. 7-6, LS7-
=
14.852 Hr or 2'.51 pm.
Hour ange: h
=
15*(14'852-12)
=
42.78 deg'
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude,
=
47"16 deg.
Using q'7-13c to calculate angle of incidence for a horizontal surface,
= cos-1(sin(47.16))
=
42'84 deg.
(b) At sunset,
=
0 and sinp
=
Q
cos(fr
):
_tan(/).
tan()
Hour angle: h
=
112.34 deg.
Solar time at sunset: LSf
=
12
+
hl15
=
19.49 hr or 7:29 pm.
astern Daylight Savings ime can be calculated by
DST
=
LST + (L'
_
S(4min/deg-t4l)
-
oT +L
EDS
=
19.49
+(75.67-75)-(4/60)-(-6.2/60)+1
=
20.638 hr or 8:38 pm.
7-10
For Philadelphia, PA on J uly 21,
Longitude'' L= 75.25 deg. W
Latitude: /
=
39.88 deg. N
Equation of Time: oT
=
-6.2 min
Declination: = 20.6 deg.
Eastern Daylight Savings Time: EDSI
=
10:30 am
xerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses nly to
students enrol]ed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. nyl other renro,l1ft;h
^v
lf.lî^,^
^{lL]d 'l^yL
o1'^') t1nt
^trmtted
Using Eq. 7-6, LS7
=
15.852 Hr or 3:51
pm.
Hour angle: h
=
15-(15.852-12) =
57.78 deg.

=
49'42 deg.
Using q' 7-11 to find solar azimuth;

=
(a) Using q' 7-13c to calculate angle of incidence for a horizontal surface,

=
cos-1(sin(49.42)) =
40.58 deg.
(b) For vertical surface facing southeast, Surface Tilt;
=
90 deg., and
Surface azimuth;
=
135 deg. (clockwise from north)'
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth
,
y=
|114'3-135
=
20.7 deg'
Using q' 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence for a vertical surface,

=
cos-l(cos(49.42)cos(20
7))
=
52'52 deg'
(c) For inclined surface faing south, Surface Tilt;
=
(90-40)
=
50 deg.,
and Surface azimuth',
=
180 deg. (clockwise from north)'
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, y=
l114.3-180|
=
65.7 deg.
Using q.7-13a to calculate angle of incidence for an inclined surface,
d
=
cos-1 (cos(49.42)cos(65.70)sin(50)+sn(+g.42)cos(50)) =
46.'t 1 deg.
7-11
112
7-12
7-13
For Calibou, M on J uly 21,
Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors f,or distribution n a not-or-profit basls for testing or instructional puoses only to
.
students enrolled in courses for which the texook has been adpted. ny other rerlu"',--:':::':::!*::::]'-g:,od
hl permted
113
Longitude' Lt= 46.87 deg. W
Latitude: l= 68.02 deg. N
Equation of Time: EOT =
-6.2 min
Solar Parameters;
=
346'4 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1093 Wm2, B
=
0.186,
and C
=
0.138
Eastern Daylight Savings Time: DSr
=
2:00
pm
Surface Tilt;
=
60 deg.
Surface azimuth, SW; /
=
225 deg' (clockwise from north)
Using Eq. 7-6, LSI
=
14'72 r
Hour angle: h
=
15.(14.72-12) =
41 .58 deg.

=
36.04 deg.
Using q'7-11 to find solar azimuth;
__
230.2 de9. (clockwise from north)
Using q.7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, y= 5'2 deg'
Using q' 7-13a to calculate angle of incidence,
=
7.45 deg.
Using q' 7-15 and clearness number of 1, Gry
=
252'51 Btu/hr_ft2 or
796.75 Wm2
Using q' 7-16a, G
=
250.28 Btu/hr-ft2 or 790'03 Wm2
Using Eqs, 7-18 and 7-2O, G= 26'13 Btu/hr-ft2 or 82'46 Wm2
Therefore, total clear sky irradiation is276.51 Btu/hr-ft2 or 872.49 Wm2
7-14
Given lnformation:
Date: J une 21
Longitude' Lt= 96'0 deg' W
Latitude: /
=
36.0 deg. N
quation of ime: oT
=
-1 .4 min
Eerpts fiom this wrk may be reprdued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis or testing or instructional puoses only to
-
students enrolled in ourses fb whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther rerucion r rJ 'lsalion f his wrk beyond h permited
114
Solar Parameters;

=
346.1 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1092 Wm"
'
B
=
0' 1 85,
and C
=
0.137
Central Daylight Savings Time: CDSI =
8:00
pm
Surfae
ilt;
=
90 deg.
=
225 deg'
(clockwise from north)
Reflectance
from water;
Ps
=
0'25
Using Eq. 7-6, LSf =
18.58 Hr
Hour angle: h
=
15-(18.58-12) =
98'65 deg'

=
7
'02
deg'
Using q' 7-15, G,
=
76'24 Btuihr-ft2
or 240'5 Wm2
lrradiation
reflected from the
ground can be determined
by
Gn:
PrF.r(sin
+C)G'o
where F'ncan be determined
from q'7-24'
Therefor,
G
=
2'47 Btu/hr-ft2
or 7'8 Wm'
7-15
Given lnformation:
Date: lar 21
Latitude: /
=
56.0 deg. N
Equation
of Time: o =
-7'5 min
Declination:
= 0.0 deg.
Solar Parameters;

=
ao.g Btu/hr-ft2 or 1164\Nlm',
B
=
0'149'
and C
=
0.109
Local Solar Time: LSf
=
12:00
Pm
Surface Tilt;
=
90 deg'
Surface Azimuth, S;
=
180 deg' (clockwise from north)
Clearness
number; CN
=
0'95
Diffuse Reflectance
from Sno\/;
n
=
0'7
Hour angle: h
=
0.0 deg.
Excerpts from this work may b reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional
puoses ony to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been adopted.
'qn
thei ,eroucion or rnstion of his rk befrr] .hot nermiti
115
Using Eq. 7-8 to calcuate solar altitude,
=
34'0 deg'
Using q' 7-11 to find solar azimuth;

=
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth,
7r=
0.0 deg.
Using q' 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence,
=
34.0 deg.
Using q.7-15, Gtv
=
268.5 Btu/hr-ft2 or 847
'1
\lm2
Using q' 7 -16a, G
=
222'6 Btu/hr-ft2 or 702'3 Wm'
Using qs' 7-21 and 7-22, G
=
33.O Btu/hr-ft' or 104. 1 \lm2
lrradiation reflected from the ground can be determined by
G^:
PrF'r(sln+C)G'o
where F*n can be determined from q.7-24'
Therefore, GR
=
62'8 Btu/hr-ft2 or 198.1 \lm'
7-16
Given lnformation:
Date: Aug 2'1
Latitude: I
=
32.0 deg. N
Equation of Time: oT
=
-2'4 min
Solar Parameters;
=
350.9 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1107 \llm2, B
=
0'182,
and C
=
0.134
Local Solar Time: LSf
=
10:00 am
Surface Tilt;
=
45 deg.
=
225 deg. (clockwise from north)
Diffuse Reflectance from ground;
n
=
0.3
Hour angle: h
=
-30.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar atitude,

=
56.1 deg.
Exerpts from this wrk may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-pofit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny her renrdcin or trnstion f thi't yk hcn] thl nPrmitt/]
116
Using q.7-11 to find solar azimuth;
=
118.7 deg.
(clockwise from north)
Using q.7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth,
r=
106.3 deg.
Using q.7-13b to calculate angle of incidence,
=
61.5 deg.
Using q' 7-15, Gruo
=
281'8 Btu/hr-ft2 or 889'1 Wm2
Using q'7-16a, G
=
134'4 Btu/hr-ft2 or 424'0 Wm2
Using Eqs. 7-18 and 7-2o, G= 32'2 Btu/hr-ft2 or 10'1
'7
\m"
Using Eqs. 7-23 and7-24,
GR
=
11'9 Btu/hr-ft2 or 37
'7
\'lm2
Using Eqs. 7-25
,
Gt=
(34.4
+
32.2
+
',11.9)
=
178.6 Btu/hr-ft2 or
=
(424.0
+
101 .7
+
37.7)
=
889.1 Wm'z
7-17
The following results are determined
from a computer
program employing
equations in the book from Eqs. 7-6 to 7-26'
Following tables summarize input and output data calculated
for southwest-
facing vertical window at32 deg. N latitude, 90 deg. W longitude, for all
daylght hours of a clear day on J uly 21with
ground reflectance of 0.2 and
clearness
number of 1.
lnput Data
Longitude
90 deg
Standard Meridian 90 deg
EOT
-6.2 min
Latitude
32 deg
Declination
20.6 deg
Surf Azimuth 225 deg
Surf Tilt 90 deg
A 346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
B 0,186
c 0,138
cN1
RoG 0'2
Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instructional
puoses only to
students enrlled in courses tbr vhich the textbk has heen adonted. n othcr fn/^.h'"tinn nr trn'ntinn n{1|1jq anr' holn'] th' 29;fio)
117
Output Data
cDsr LsI h,
o
,
.
,. ,
o
, " Gruo* Go* Ga* G* G,*
7.00 5.90 -91.55 9.50 71.57 153.43 151.90 112.19 O.OO 6.97 3.40 10.37
8.00 6.90 -76.55 21.78 78.63 146.37 140.64 209.84 o.OO 13.03 10.68 23.71
9.00 7.90 -61.55 34.38 85.69 139.31 128.74 249.18 o.OO 15.47 17.51 32.98
10.00 8.90 -46.55 47.09 93.60 131.40 116.76 268.71 o.OO 16.69 23.39 40.07
1 1.00 9.90 -31.55 59.65 104.24 120.76 104.98 279.23 o.OO 17.34 27.g5 45.2s
12.00 10.90 -16.55 71.33 123.59 101.41 93.63 284.65 o.OO 20.57 30.90 51.46
13.00 1 1 .90 -1.55 78.52 172.69 52.31 83.01 286.52 34.88 24.03 32.03 90.94
14.00 12.90 13.45 73.44 229.79 4.79 73.4s 285.30 81.05 27.54 91.28 139.87
15.00 13.90 28.45 62.18 252.83 27.83 65.62 280.70 115.85 30.36 28.70 174.91
16.00 14.90 43.45 49.71 264.52 39.52 60.08 271.44 135.41 31.69 24.45 1g1.54
17.00 15.90 58.45 37.00 272.79 47.79 57.55 254.30 136.46 30.69 18.81 185.97
18.00 16.90 73.45 24.37 279.93 54.93 58.44 220.69 115.51 26.33 12.15 153.99
19.00 17.90 88.45 12.00 286.94 61.94 62.60 141.60 65.16 1s.97 4.90 86.03
*Unit
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft,
7-18
Using the developed program, following tables summarize input and output
data caculated for south-facing Surface tilted at 45 deg. on Apr 21 in
Louisville, KY.
lnput Data
Longitude
Standard Meridian
Eo
Latitude
Declination
Surf zimuth
Surf Tit
A
B
c
CN
RHOG
tSI h,
o
'.
Output Data
," ,"
," Gruo*
18.8 161.2 164.4 0.0
35.7 144.3 150.0 0.0
49.8 130.2 135.4 0.0
85.73 deg
90 deg
1.1 min
38.18 deg
1 1.6 deg
180 deg
45 deg
358.2 Btu/hr-ft2
0.1 64
0.12
1
0.2
1.0
2.0
3.0
-165.0 -38.3
-150.0 -32.9
-'135.0 -24.8
J D
0.0
0.0
0.
G*
0.0
0.0
0.0
^
*
^* J R ra
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distributin on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbok has been adnted. nll nthy
"o^.^)"
118
4.0 -120.0 _15.1
61 .5
5.0 -105.0 _4.3
71.6
6.0 -90.0
7.1 80.8
7 .0 -75.0
18.9 s9.9
8.0 -60.0
30.6 99.7
9.0 -45.0
42.0 111.3
10.0 -30.0
52.3 126.8
11 .0 -15.0
60.2 149.3
12.0 0.0 63.4 180.0
13.0 15.0 60.2 210.7
14.0
30.0 52.3 239.2
15.0 45.0 42.0 248.7
'16.0
60.0 30.6 260.3
17 .0 75.0 18.9 270.1
18.0 90.0 7 .1 279.2
19.0 105.0 -4.3
288.4
20.0 120.0 -15.1
298.5
21 .0 135.0
_24.8
310.2
22.0 150.0
_32.9
324.3
23.0 165.0 -38.3
341.2
24.0 180.0
_40.2
360.0
*Unit
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft,
118.5 120.7
o.o
o.o o.o
18.4
106.0
o.o o.o o.o
99.2 91.4 95.7
o.o 9.8
90.1 76.8 215.8 49.2 22.1
80.3 62.5 259.6 120.0
26.6
68.7 48.4 280.3
186..1 28.7
53.2 35.1 291.1 238.3
2g.8
30.7 23J 296.5 271.5 30.4
0' 18'4 298'2 282.9 3o.5
30.7 23.7 296.5 271.5 30.4
53.2 35.1 291.1 238.3 2g.8
68.7 48.4 2S0.3 186.1 28.7
80.3 62.5 259.6 120.0 26.6
90.1 76.8 215.8 49.2 22.1
99.2 91.4 95.7
o.o 9.8
108.4 106.0
o.o o.o o.o
1 18.5 120.7
o.o o.o o.o
130.2 135.4
o.o o.o o.o
144.3 150.0
o.o o.o o.o
161.2 164.4
o.o o.o o.o
180.0 175.2
o.o o.o o.o
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.7 10.5
2.8 74.1
4.8 151.4
6.5 221.3
7.8 275.9
8.6 3,10.5
8.9 322.3
8.6 310.5
7.8 275.9
6.5 221.3
4.8 1s1.4
2.8 74.1
0.7 10.5
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.
0.0 0.0
7-19
Using the developed program,.following
tables
summarize
input and output
data calcuated
for an east-facing
windw,
3 ft. wide by 5 ft. high, with no
set bak on a clea r J ul21 day in-Boise,
lD.
nput Data
Longitude
Standard Meridian
oT
Latitude
Declination
Surf Azimuth
Surf Titt
A
B
c
CN
RHOG
LSr
h,
o
,.
5.0 -,105.0
3.8
6.0 -90.0
14.0
116.22
deg
120
deg
-6.2
min
43.57
deg
20.6 deg
90
deg
90 deg
346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
.'186
0.1 38
1
0.2
,'
65.0
74.8
,"
25.0
15.2
Output Data
,
o
Guo* Go" G*
25.3 21.5 19.5 3.6
20.6 160.9
.150.6
27.4
GR* Gt* e
0.4 23.5 352.4
6.'1 184.1 2761 .3
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for
ilffi;;;;;l#;':il;:'r;
rnich the texthn.. hqc h-.-
".1l'_':9*':'
on a not-for-profit
basis for testing or instruionalmosesonl},
to
7.0 -75.0 24.7 84.4 5.6
8.0 -60.0 35.6 94.8 4.8
9.0 -45.0 46.2 106.9 16,9
10.0 -30.0 56.1 123.0 33.0
1 1.0 -15.0 63.8 146.7 56.7
12.0 0.0 67.0 18.0 90.0
13.0 15.0 63.8 213.3 123.3
14.0 30.0 56.1 237.0 147.0
15.0 45.0 46.2 253.1 163.1
16.0 60.0 35.6 265.2 175.2
17 .0 75.0 24.7 275.6
.185.6
18.0 90.0 14.0 285.2 195.2
19.0 105.0 3.8 295.0 205.0
*Unit
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft2
25.3 222.0 200.7 36.8
35.8 251.6 203.9 38.5
48.6 267.7 177.2 36.1
62.1 276.8 129.6 31.4
76.0 281.6 68.2 26.2
90.0 283.0 0.0 21.5
104.0 281.6 0.0 17 .5
117
'9
276.8 .0 17
'2
131.4 267.7 0.0 16.6
144.2 251.6 0.0
.15.6
154.7 222.0 0.0 13.8
159.4 160.9 0.0 10.0
154.7 21.5 0.0 1.3
119
12.3 249.9 3747.9
18.1 260.6 3908.9
23.0 236.3 3544.7
26.8 187.8 2817.2
29.2 123.6 18s3.6
30.0 51.4 771.7
29.2 46.6 699.7
26.8 44.0 659.8
23.0 39.7 594.8
18.1 33.7 505.9
12.3 26.1 391.9
6.1 16.1 241.6
0.4 1.8 26.7
oE
is the rate at which solar energy strike the window in Btu/hr
7 -20
Given lnformation:
Latitude: l= 32.47 deg.
Surface azimuth, S;
z-=
Windowwidth;W=4ft.
Windowheight; H=6ft.
Setbackdistance; b=1
N
180 deg. (clockwise
from north)
ft.
(a) On April2l
Local Solar ime: LSr= 9:00 am
Hour angle: h
=
15.(9-12)
=
-45.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calcu|ate solar altitude,

=
43'82 deg'
Using q' 7-1'1 to find solar azimuth;
=
106'27 deg. (clockwise from north)
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-soar azimuth, y= 73'73 deg.
Using qs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calcuate shaded dimensions,

=
(1 ft.)-tan(73.73)
=
3.43 ft.
y
=
(1 ft
).tan(43.82)/cos(73.73) =
3.42 ft.
v
6'
Shaded area can be calculated by
x.erpts fromthis work may be reproduced by instructors 1br distribution on a not-or-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only t
students enrol1ed in courses fbr which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsl.tii of his wrk beyni th permied
bySections]07r]08ofhe976UniedlqaeC-apyrighcw,ihouheDern&1!!Mf1hecwlrjsh1
oue-r
j'9g!!-g+&!.
."!:'.''' a
'-7
X
!
t
r-
4'
120
,h
=W
*
H
_
(W
-
x)
*
(H
_
y)
=
22'52 ft2
7-20 (Cont.)
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 93"8%.
(b) On J uly 21
Local Solar Time. LSl.
=
12:00 pm
Hour angle: h
=
15*(12-12)
=
0.0 deg.

=
78.13 deg.
Using q.7-11 to find solar azimuth;
=
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth,
r=
0.0 deg.
Using Eqs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calculate shaded dimensions,
x
=
(1 ft.)*tan(0.0)
=
0.0 ft.
y
=
(1 ft.)*tan(78.13)/cos(0.0)
=
4.76 ft.
Shaded area can be calculated by
,h=W*H_(W
_x)*(-_y)
=
19.03ft2
herefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 79.3%.
(c) On Sep 21
Local Solar Time: LSl.
=
5:00 9m
Hour angle: h
=
15*(17-12)
=
75.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to alculate solar altitude,
=
12.61 deg.
Using q'7-11 tofind solarazimuth;
=261.81
deg. (clockwisefrom north)
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.
studentsenrolledincoursesforwhihthetextbokhasbeenadopted.
nyotherreproducionortrnsionfthisrkbeyondthpermted
by Secions 07 or ]08 ofhe 976 [J nitedSesCnriqhl '| \ithn1t th hovh'i'Ci' n{tho
'^---:not '1lv'-
;a
''"^''t\'1
121
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth
,
y= 81.81 deg.
7 -20 (Cont.)
Using q.7-28 to calculate the horizontally shaded dimension, X,
x
=
(1 ft.).tan(81.81) =
6.95 ft.
Since x is greater than W, the window is completely shaded.
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 100%'
7-21
Given: Problem 7-20 with a tong 2 ft overhang located 2ft above the top of
the window.
For this
problem, bo for overhang is the sum of the overhang depth and the
setback; hene, bo
=
/+]
=
3 ft.
(a) he vertically shaded dimension on the window due to the overhang
can be calculated bY:
lo=botanlcosy_!o-.
where
1rr-,
is the distance of the overhang above the window. Therefore,
o
=
(3 ft.)*tan(43.82)/cos
(73'73) - 2
_
8'27 ft'
Sine

is greater than H, the window is completely shaded.
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 100%.
(b) Similafly,
yo= (3 ft.)- tan(78.13)/cos(0.0)
-
2= 12'27 ft'
Since
y, is greater than H, the window is completely shaded'
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is
'100%'
Exets from thls work may be reproduced by instrutrs for distribution on a not-for-profit basis 1br testing or instrutional
puoss ony to
students enrolled in courses fbr whih the texibook has been aJ opted. ny her reprucJ io or rnslin | this ork beyond ht permied
b,ySectins 07 r 08of the 1q76-ito)-qf'''"?""";*13
l^'-!'1 ^ ' '1
122
(c) Since the window is completely
shaded due to the setback'
there is no
need to calculate
Yo'
7 -22
Given. Problem
7-2owith
6 in. setback instead of 1 ft' setback'
(a) Using Eqs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calculate
shaded dimensions,
x
=
(0.5 ft.)*tan(73.73) =
1'71 fL
,
=
(o.s
ft.)-tan(43.82)/os(73'73)
=
1'71 ft'
Shaded
area can be calculated
bY
,n
=W
*
H
_
(W
_x)*
(H
_
y)
=
14.19 fi2
Therefore,
the
percentage of the window that is shaded
is 59'1%'
(b) Using Eqs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calculate
shaded dimensions,

=
(O.5 ft.)-tan(0'0) =
'0 ft'
,
=
(.s
ft.)*tan(78.13)/cos(0'0)
_-
2'38 ft'
Shaded
bY
,l,
=W
*
H
_
(W
_'T
)
*
(H
_
y)
=
9'52 ft2
Therefore,
the
percentage of the window that is shaded
is 39'7%'
(c)UsingEqs.T-28to7-3Otocalculateshadeddimensions,
x
=
(0.5 ft.).tan(81'81) =
3'48 ft'
,
=
(O.S
ft.)-tan(12.61)/cos(81 'S1)
=
0'79 ft'
Shaded
bY
,h
=W
*
H
_(W _.)*
(H
_
y)
=
21'27 ft2
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puoses ony to
studentsenrolledinoursestowhichtnetexookhasbeen
^l"i'r'i
iy'nrrrrprourô-o,rnsliiofhisorkbeyondthtermitted
h'Srtinnrl07nrl0Rn{t1o
o7Abi+^)c'-!"^^f''";..1'! ''',.'"''^""i'-''""'''''-"'^-^{i"^^^'^'';-^1
'''-''"i"-^'{"l
123
Therefore, the
percentage of the window that is shaded is 88'6%'
7 -23
on December 21, Declination: = -23'45 deg. Using the same
procedure
as described
in Problem 7-20, the following table summarizes
the
calculated data.
:"^::j
Hour Solar Solar Surface-
'"J lff#:"' "#:: Shaded %Shaded
:,ol1'
Angle, ltitude, Azimuth, Solar
Dimension Dimension
Area, ft2 rea
Time,
"";
o o
Azimuth,' "
hr
f\Zllul
''
1x1,
ft
(y)' ft
8.OO
-6O.O0 9.98 126.22 53 78 1'37 o'30
8'98 37
'4
9.OO
-45.00 1g.4g
',136.52
43 48 o'95 o'49
7
'18
29'9
1o,oo -3o.oo 27.17 148.96 31'04 0'60 0'60
5'65 23',5
'1
1.OO -15.00 32.27 163.69 16'31 o'29 0'66
4'20 17
'5
12.00 O.OO 34.08 18o.OO O'OO o oo 0'68
2'71 1
',1
',3
13.00 15.00 32.27 196.3',1 16'31 0 29 0'66
4'20 17
'5
14.00 3O.OO 27.17 211'04 31'04 o 60 0'60 5 65 23'5
15.00 45.00 19.49 22g 48 43'48 0 95 0 49 7 18 29',9
16.00 60.0O 9.98 23g.78 53'78 1'37 0 30 8 98 37
'4
7 -24
This
problem is similar to ProblemT-21
but the overhang
depth is 3 ft
instead of 2ft. Since the window in ProblemT-21
is completely
shaded in
all cases. he window in this
problem is also completely
shaded in all
cases since the overhang
depth is greater in this
problem'
7 -25
7 -26
7 -27
First, we need to know angle of incidence and solar irradiation.
Using Eqs'
7-8 to 7-26
(or a computeiprogr
developed for previous
problem),
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puoses only to
studentsenroledincoursestbrwhichthetextbookhasbeen
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124
incidence angle and solar irradiation on a southwest-facing
window for
Boise, lD on a clear J uly 21 day at 3:00
pm solar time are
Angle of Incidence = 52.4 deg',
Direct Solar lrradiation: Gp
=
163'4 Btu/hr-ft2'
Diffuse Solar lrradiation: Ga
+
G
=
34'5
+
23'0
=
57 -3 Btu/hr-ft', and
Total Solar lrradiation: G1
=
163'4
+
57
'3 =
220'9 Btu/hr-ft2'
Then, the area of the
glazing and of the frame is calculated
to be 12'44 ft2
and 2.56 ft2, resPectivelY.
From Table 7-3, solar heat
gain coefficients
for the
glazing system lD 21c
are
SHGGgo(52.4") =
0.548 and SHGGg= 0'52'
From Table 5-2, the outside surface conductance
may be estimated to be
4.0 Btu/hr-ft2-'F.
From able 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, double
glazed window having
aluminum
frame with thermal break utilizing metal spacers is 1.13 Btu/hr-
ft2-'F.
From Table 7-1, solar absorptance
of the aluminum frame
(assuming the
window is not a nev/ one) is 0.8.
ssuming the window with no setback
(Ar,u'"
=
Aru), the SHGC for the
frame can be calculated using Eq' 7-31 as:
SHGGr =
0.8*(1
'1314'0)
=
0'226'
Then, using q.7-32, the total solar heat
gain is
Qsnc =
(0.548.1 2.44
+
0.226*2.56)*163'4
+ (0.52*1 2.44
+
0.226*2.56)-57.5 =
1613'68
Btuihr'
7 -28
From Table 7-3, the
glazing transmittance
and absorptances
for the
glazing
system lD 21c are
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puoses only to
students enrl]ed in ourses for whih the tx;book has .", uJ opt". ny oher reprouction or rnsti of hs wrk beyond h permitted
125
7 -28 (Cont.)
T6(52'4") =
O.+1 56,
tw2) =
O'140,
fz2'4) =
0'1524'
Ta= O'40,
-Af =
o.'13, and
fza=
O.15.
Using Eq. 7-35, total transmitted solar heat gain is
Qrru"', =
(0'4156-163.4
+
0.4*57.5)-12'44
=
1130.9'1 Btu/hr.
Using Eq. 7-36, total solar heat gain absorbed by the glazing is
8 oroo,, = [1
63'4*(0"1 4+0' 1 524)
+
57'5*(0"1 3+0' 1 5)]-1 2'44
=
794.64 Btu/hr.
From Table 5-5a, the U-value for the center of glass is 0.42 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
Similar to the previous problem, the outside surface conductance may be
estimated to be 4.0 Btu/hr-ft2-'F.
Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 1 can be calculated by:
Nt=0.42 14.0=0.105
From Table 5-2a, the inside surface conductance may be estimated to be
1.46 Btu/hr-ft'-"F.
The conductance from the inner pane to the outdoor air can be calculated
by:
,11
flo'2=
1 1=-1 1 =o'59Btu/hr-ft2-'F
U hi 0.42 .46
Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 2 can be calculated by:
Nz= 0.42 / 0.59
=
0.71
Exerpts 1iom this work rnay be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses fbr which the textbok has been adoted' ny oher reproduction r lrnsltin of his wrk beyond th permitted
126
7-28 (Cont.)
Using q. 7-38, the inward flowing fraction of the gazing system is
N
=
[1
63.4*(0.'1 0S*0. 14+0.7 1*0.1 524)
+
57.5*(.'1 05*0. 13+0.71-0. 1 5)] l 220
'9
=
0.122
Using Eq. 7-39 and the SHGGr calculated from the previous problem, the
solar irradiation absorbed by the frame is
Qoroo,f =
(163.4 +
57.5)*2.56*0.226
=
127 .80 Btu/hr.
Using q' 7-40, the total absorbed solar heat gain of the fenestration
system is
Quruo,ur =
794.64*0.122 +
127 .80
=
224.75 Btu/hr.
The total solar heat gain is then
Qsrc =
1130.91
+
224.75
=
1355.66 Btu/hr.
7 -29
From Table 7-4, lAC for a lighted-color Venetian blind installed on a
residential double-pane window is 0.66.
Using q' 7-41, the total solar heat gain is
Q suc =
'226-2'56-220'9)
+
[0.548*12.44*163.4
+
0.52* 12.44*57 .5]*0.66
=
1108.48 Btu/hr.
7 -30
From Table 7-6, for a ighted-color Venetian blind, shade transmittance,
reflectance, and absorptance are 0.05, 0.55, and 0.40, respectivey.
Using q' 7-42, the transmitted solar heat gain is
127
7-30 (Cont.)
Qrroo =
0.05*1130.91
=
56.55 Btu/hr.
Using q' 7-43, the absorbed solar heat gan is
4or"" =
224.75
+
0.40*1 130.91
+
0.55*1 130.91
*0.122*(0.'13+0.I
S)
=
698.36 Btu/hr.
7-31
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain
coefficients for the glazing system lD 5b
are
SHGGgo(52'4")
=
0.6256 and SHG Gg
=
0.60.
Similar to Problem 7-27
,
SHGGr
=
0.226.
Then, using q'7-32, the total solar heat gain is
Qsc =
(0.6256-12.44 +
0'226*2.56)*1 63.4
+ (0.60.12.44 +
0.226*2.56)*57.5
=
1828.64 Btu/hr.
7 -32
From Table 7-3, the glazing
transmittance and absorptances for the glazing
system lD 5b are
TD(52'4")
=
0.5332,
'Af
,o2'4) =
0.1924,
1fro2'4) =
O'12,
Ta= 0.51,
-Atro=
0.19, and
-Arzd=
0.11.
Using q. 7-35, total transmitted solar heat gain
is
Qrsac,g =
(0.5332*'163.4 +
0.51*57.5)*1 2.44
=
1448.64 Btu/hr.
Using Eq. 7-36, total solar heat gain absorbed by the glazing is
Q llc'g = [1
63.4*(0.1924+0'12) +
57.5-(0. 1 9+0. 1 1)1-12.44
-===
7 -32 (Cont.)
=
849.60
Btu/hr.
From Table
5-5a, the U-value
for the center
of gtass
is 0.55 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
similar
to the previous
problem,
the outside
surface
conductance
may be
estimated
to be 4.0 Btu/hr_ft2_.F.
Then'
the inward
flowing
fraction
for glazing
layer 1 can be caculated
by:
Nz=0.SS
/4.0=0.1375
Simiar
to the prevous
probtem,
the inside
surface
conductance
may be
estmated
to be 1.46 Bt/hr-ft2-"F.
The conductance
from the inner pane
to the outdoor
air can be calcuated
by.
ho,z=t\
=T-]
1 =
0.88 Btu/hr-ft2-"F
(]_
O55
-
1-46
hen'
the nward
flowing
fraction
for gtazing
layer 2 canbe calcutated
by:
/vz=0.55/0.gg=0.625
Using q. 7-38, the inward
flowing
fraction
of the glazing
system
is
N
=
[]-63
4-(O.1375-.
1924+o.625*0'12)
+
=
'J r';''
1375*0'
19+0'625*0'
1 1
)]
l 22o'g
he solar irradiation
absorbed
by the frame
is the Same as the previous
probem,
and is equa to 127 .80 Btu/hr'
Using
q' 7-4O, the totat absorbed
solar heat gain
of the fenestration
system
is
7 -32
(Cont.)
Qo'"o'gt
=
849'60*0'1OO
+ 127
'80
=
212j6
Btu/hr'
The total
solar
heat
gain is then
Qwc =
1448'64
+
212J 6 =
1661'4
Btu/hr'
B-1
testing or instrutiona purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
adpted. ny other reprduction r trnsltion of this wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections ] 07 or ] 0B
of the 1976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the cpyright owner is unlwful.
Requests
for
permission or
further
infrmtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, J hn
Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street, oboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 8
The heat gain is generally geater than the cooling load during the
morning hours M/hen sunlight first strikes a building and the internal
loads first begin. Heat is being stored in the building structure,
furnishings, etc.
Late at night when occupants are not present, lights and equipment are
off and solar radiation is zero, the building gives up stored heat to the
air, which the equipment removes as cooling load. The heat gain may
be quite small, zero, or negative.
At some time during the day, probably early evening, as heat gain is
decreasing, and equilibrium condition can be established when heat
gain and cooling load are equal. Or, some interior zones, where the
cooling load is driven only by internal heat gains may reach equilibrium if
the heat gain remains constant for a number of hours.
Multipe design conditions should be checked, including peak dry bulb
along with mean coincident \et bub, and peak wet bulb along with mean
coincident dry bulb temperature.
SHRE 90.1 specified the2'5% design conditions, which roughly
corresponds to the 1% design conditions in the current Handbook of
Fundamentals and the textbook.
a)
b)
c)
8-2
8-3
Location Outdoor
DB.'F
Outdoor
WB,'F
lndoor
DB.'F
lndoor
RH. %
Elevation, ft Latitude,
ON
Norfolk, VA 91 76 75 50 30 36.90
8-4
select
materials;
some may need to be entered
into the tayer library'
The
resulting
wall construction
,pp"rrt
as shorrun here'
(Note that not
everything
is specified
exacity,
.o that a student using a density
of 120
it1yt"i
iic wi
get a different
set of CTF coefficients')
program in execute
for this wall.
131
for room mode, we
B-5
After running the HvacloadExplorer
obtain the following
CTF coefficients
n
xn,
Btu/h-ft2-"F
Yn,
Btu/h-ft2-"F
zn,
Btuih-ft2-"F
n
0 4.276507
0 0445
0.642344
1 -5.36497
0.1 1581
-0.98287
0.638772
2 1.141149
0.01 1845 0.376555
-0.02179
3
-0.027 59
0.001
134
-0.01 101
4
-7 .7-05
0.00017
-5E-06
This
problem is solved in the Same \/ay aS Problem 8-4,
13 insulation
is changed
to 5.5" thick R-19 insulation.
except
that the R-
xerpts fom this work may be reprodued by instutrs for dtstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
puoses only to
students enrolled in courses tor whih the tetbook t,u, "., uai-pt.' iny oh* up-iurrn-o, onstionf
his work beynd th permed
by Secions 107 or ] 08 o7 ne ii;i' initid Sror^ copyrg|rt
'a|
rr"iiu n, prr^''n of the cpyrigh owner is unlful'
-"..-"...-ns1]
130
0 5]
- "18
3 5n
3.
8-6
132
The folowing CTF coefficients are obtained:
gain, this problem follows the procedure of the last two problems. The
thickness of the roll roofing must be estimated, and the conductivity chosen
to match the overall conductance. (k=thickness*conductance)
The following CF coefficients are obtained:
xcets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distibution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students e'rolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or rnsion of this ork beyond h permited
by Secins ] 07 r 1 08 of he 97 6 Unied Stes Cpyrigh c w ithu he permissin f he copyrigh oner is unlful'
n
xn,
Btu/h-ft2-"F
Yn,
tu/h-ft2-'F
n,
Btu/h-ft2-"F
n
0 4.277384 0.000071 0.644513
1 -5.95084 0.004622 -1.08666 0.779066
2 1.847897 0.008936 0.510931 -0.10021
3 -0.16027 0.001835 -0.05401 0.001435
4 0.001331 0.00004 0.000734
133
8-7
n
xn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
Yn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
n,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
n
0 1.014657
0.006092
0.644513
1 -1.09939
0.029838 -0.6816
0.150594
2 0.126521
0.006044 0.079104
3 0.000256
0.000071 0.00003
The following CF coefficients are obtained:
n
xn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
Yn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
zn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
n
0 1.014651
0.00468 0.654471
1 -1.12785
0.027234 -0.71129
0.1 781 59
2 0.1 51 609 0.00674 0.095526
3 0.000351
.00016 0.000053
ln this case, a reasonable value for the resistance
of the air-space must be
selected. For the air^-space, an R-value of 1 is chosen; thus conductivity is
set to
'12
Btu-in lhr- ft2- F, and the thickness s set to 12 in Density an bp
are set to zero and 0.24, respectively.
nt: ayers listed fnm tp t bfiom :epr*s*ni {r:n thg nutsiJ * t inside ot lhe sur{ce
Exc-erpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for.distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses or which the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reprocion or trnsl(]in of his rk beyontl th permied
by Sectins ]07 r ]08 ofhe 1976 Unied SteS Cpyrigh cw'ithou hi permissn fhe cpyrigh ner i unlful'
8-8
134
Again, reasonable values must be assumed for the density of the
acoustical tile and the specific heat of the limestone concrete.
The folowing CTF coefficients are obtained:
n
xn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
Yn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
Zn'
Btu/h-ft2-'F
n
CI 3.162792 0.002232 0.2851
'16
1 -3.76069 0.01895 -0.38995 0.71366
2 0.633425 0.007779 0.137 459 -0.01912
3 -0.00642 0.000149 -0.0352
First, app|y the exterior onvective heat transfer correlation, Equation 8-
18a, to determin h"' Assume the 15 mph wind is windward on the surface,
which results in h"
=
2.3 Btu/(h-ft2-F).
Estimate the sky temperature as 10.8 R below the outdoor ambient
temperature
=
546.87 R. Then estimate the effective sky temperature for a
vertical surface from quation 8-25
tsky,o= cos (90/2)ry
+(1-cos(90/2))f,
=
550.0 R
EXcetS from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distibution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in urses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or trnsion of this wrk beynd h permited
by Sectins 07 r 08 f the 1976 tJ nited Sttes Copyr1h c \itlout he permission of the copyrigh oner is unlfu.
8-9
136
Declination
Surf zimuth
Surf Tilt
B
c
CN
RoG
20.6 deg
270 deg
90 deg
346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
0.1 86
0.1 38
1
0.2
MDST LSI h,
o
,
"
1 .00 23.79 176.83 -34.27
2.00 0.79 -168.17 -33.23
3.00 1.79 -153.17 -28.80
4.00 2.79 -138.17 -21.65
5.00 3.79 -123.17 -12.54
6.00 4.79 -108.17 -2.11
7.00 5.79 -93.17 9.19
8.00 6.79 -78.17 21.05
9.00 7.79 -63.17 33.22
10.00 8.79 -48.17 45.49
11.00 9.79 -33.17 57.51
12.00 10.79 -18.17 68.46
13.00 11.79 -3.17 75.28
14.00 12.79 11.83 72.19
15.00 13.79 26.83 62.36
16.00 14.79 41 .83 50.63
17.00 15.79 56.83 38.41
18.00 16.79 71 .83 26.17
19.00 17 .79 86.83 14.15
20.00 18.79 101 .83 2.58
21.00 19.79 1 16.83 -8.27
22.00 20.79
'131.83
-18.00
23.00 21.79 146.83 -26.06
24.00 22.79 161.83 -31.74
*Unit
of lrradiation is tu/hr-ft2
Output Data
,' ,o
,o
356.41 86.41 87.03
13.26 256.74 101.06
28.82 241.18 114.99
42.20 227.80 128.63
53.39 216.61 141.58
62.87 207.13 152.80
71 .22 198.78 159.17
79.02 190.98 156.37
86.89 183.11 146.65
95.77 174.23 134.23
107.55 162.45 120.81
127.34 142.66 106.97
168.24 101.76 92.97
218.87 51.13 78.94
245.60 24.40 65.01
259.78 10.22 51.37
269.56 0.44 38.42
277.71 7.71 27.20
285.45 15.45 20.83
293.49 23.49 23.63
302.43 32.43 33.35
312.83 42.83 45.77
325.24 55.24 59.19
339.93 69.93 73.03
*
^
*
^
*
^
*
^* r/vD J D rd J R rt
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
108.07 0.00 6.71 3.22 9.93
206.38 0.00 12.82 10.26 23.08
246.69 0.00 15.32 16.92 32.24
266.87 0.00 16.57 22.71 39.29
277.85 0.00 17.25 27.27 44.53
283.62 0.00 17.61 30.29 47.91
285.80 0.00 20.83 31.59 52.42
284.93 54.68 25.38 31.06 111.11
280.80 1 18.63 30.63 28.75 178.01
272.32 170.01 35.51 24.81 230.32
256.78 201.20 38.43 19.50 259.13
227.20 202.07 37.19 13.16 252.42
161 .85 151.27 27 .51 6.19 184.97
5.53 5.07 0.93 0.10 6.10
0.00 0.00 .00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
The hourly dry-bulb temperature is calculated using Equation 8-2. Here,
the hour nearest to the local solar time has been used to determine the
temperature. A spreadsheet is used to obtain the solution. lteration is
accomplished by simpy pasting the calculated values of Io" back into the
"
Io", estimated" column.
lnput Data
U-Value 0.1 Btui(h-ft2-F)
Solar absorotivitv 0.8
Ihermal emissivit 0.9
Excets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distrrbution on a not-for-proit basis for testing or instructional puoses only t
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny other reproducion or trnstion f his wrk beyond th permitted
by Secions 107 or ]08 ofthe 976 United Sttes Cpyriqht ctlihu he permissin fthe cpyright oner is unlful.
is 72.O F
Peak temperature 96.0 F
Dailv Ranqe 25.4 F
Mean Wind Soeed 10.0 mph
8-11
137
This problem uses the same solution procedure as Problem 8-10.
lnput Data
Longitude 116.22 deg
EOT -6.2 min
Latitude 43.57 deg
Declination 20.6 deg
Excets from this wok may be reproduced by instructors fbr distrrbution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction r trnstion of this rk beyond h permitted
by Secions ] 07 or ]08 of he 976 United Sates Cpyright c ,ithout he permission of the cpyrigh oner is unlwfu.
Output Data
Clock
Time
Local
Solar
Time
Outdoor
Dry-bulb
Temp.
(F)
skv
emp.
(F)
Effective
skv
Temp.
(F)
To",
estimated
(F)
hc
(Btu/(h-
ft'-F))
hrsky
(Btu/(h
-fr-F))
hrg..o
(Btu/(h-
ft'-F))
To",
calculated
from 8-24
(F)
9conduction
(Btu/(h-
tt'))
1.00 23.79 75.2 64.4 67.5 74.60 1.58 0.46 0.47 73.14 0.1 1
2.00 0.79 73.9 63.1 66.3 73.15 1.58 0.46 0.47 71.93 -0.01
3.00 1.79 72.6 61.8 65.0 71.94
'1.58
0.45 0.46 70.72 -0.13
4.00 2.79 71.6 60.8 64.0 70.72 1.58 0.45 0.46 69.75 -0.23
5.00 3.79 70.9 60.1 63.2 69.75
'1.58
.45 0.46 69.02 -0.30
6.00 4.79 70.6 59.8 63.0 69.03 1.58 0.45 0.46 68.78 -0.32
7.00 5.79 71.1 60.3 63.5 69.'18 1.58 0.45 0.46 72.34 0.03
8.00 6.79 72.4 61.6 64.7 74.55 1.58 0.46 0.47 77.55 0.56
9.00 7.79 74.7 63.9 67.0 78.99 1.58 0.47 0.48 82.47 1.05
10.0 8.79 78.0 67.2 70.3 83.53 1.58 0.48 0.49 87.66 1.57
11.00 9.79 8'1.8 71 .0 74.1 88.42 1.59 0.49 0.50 92.76 2.08
12.00 10.79 86.1 75.3 78.5 93.24
'1.59
0.5 .51 97.77 2.58
13.00 11.79 90.2 79.4 82.5 98.33 1.59 0.51 0.52 102.84 3.08
14.00 12.79 93.2 82.4 85.6 109.05 1.59 0.53 0.54 122.43 5.04
15.00 13.79 95.2 84.4 87.6 131.23 1.61 0.57 0.58 142.11 7.01
1 6.00 14.79 96. 85.2 88.4 148.77 1.62 0.60 0.61 155.98 8.40
17 0 15.79 95.2 84.4 87.6 159.92 1.62 0.62 .63 162.15 9.02
18.00 16.79
o?
82.7 85.8 162.49 1.62 0.62 .63 158.51 8.65
19.00 17.79 90.7 79.9 83.0 153.00 1.62 0.60 0.6'1 138.39 6.64
20.00 18.79 87.4 76.6 79.7 118.72 1.60 0.54 0.55 86.48 1.45
21.0 19.79 84.1 73.3 76.4 84.81 1.58 0.49 0.50 81.63 0.96
22.00 20.79 81.3 70.5 73.6 81.65 1.58 0.48 0.49 78.96 0.70
23.0 21.79 78.7 67,9 71 .1 78.97 1.58 0.47 0.48 76.54 0.45
24.00 22.79 76.7 65.9 69.1 76.55 1.58 0.47 0.48 74.60 0.26
138
Surf zimuth
Surf Tilt
A
B
c
CN
RHOG
180 deg
90 deg
346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
0.1 86
0.1 38
1
0.2
MDST LSr h, "
,
"
1.00 23.15 167.23 -24.77
2.00 0.15 -177 .77 -25.80
3.00 1.15 -162.77 -23.91
4.00 2.15 -147.77 -19.34
5.00 3.15 -132.77 -12.59
6.00 4.15 -117.77 -4.21
7.00 5.'15 -102.77 5.31
8.00 6.15 -87 .77 15.60
9.00 7.15 -72.77 26.32
10.00 8.15 -57 .77 37 .17
1 1 .0 9.15 -42'77 47
'76
12.00
'1
0.15 -27 .77 57 .42
13.00 11.15 -12.77 64.68
14.00 12.15 2.23 66.95
15.00 13.15 17.23 62.91
16.00 14.15 32.23 54.71
17.00 15.15 47 .23 44.67
18.00 16.1 5 62.23 33.95
19.00 17 .15 77 .23 23.10
20.00 18.'15 92.23 12.48
21.00 19.15 107 .23 2.38
22.00 2015 122.23 -6.85
23.00 21.15 137.23 -14.79
24,00 22.15 152.23 -20.95
*Unit
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft'z
Output Data
,
"
,
o
, " Gr* Go* G*
346.83 166.83 152.14 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.32 177
'68
154.11 .00 0.00 0.00
17.66 162.34 150.59 0.00 0.00 0.00
31.94 148.06 143.20 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.76 135.24 133.87 0.00 0.00 0.00
56.15 123.85 123.75 0.00 0.00 0.00
66.47 113.53 113.42 46.47 0.00 2.89
76.20 103.80 103.29 173.45 0.00 10.77
85.92 94.08 93.66 227.72 0.00 16.45
96.42 83.58 84.88 254.61 22.70 20.78
108.99 71.01 77.37 269.45 58.92 24.56
125.92 54.08 71.58 277.79 87.76 27.57
151 .07 28.93 68.02 281.98 105.54 29.47
185.34 5.34 67.06 283.00 1 10.30 29.99
217 .50 37.50 68.82 281.09 101.56 29.04
239.78 59.78 73.09 275.81 80.22 26.78
255.07 75.07 79.44 265.88 48.70 23.50
266.84 86.84 87.38 248.28 11.34 19.55
277.01 97.01 96.45 215.64 0.00 15.02
286.67 106.67 106.26 146.49 0.00 9.10
296,51 116.51 116.49 3.97 0.00 0.25
307 .11 127.11 126.80 0.00 0.00 0.00
318.90 138.90 136.76 0.00 0.00 0.00
332.16 152.16 145.67 0.00 0.00 0.00
^
*
^* J R Lz1
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
1.07 3.96
7.06 17,83
13.24 29.69
18.90 62.38
23.67 107.15
27.24 142.58
29.38 164.39
29.95 170.24
28.90 159.50
26.32'133.31
22.36 94.57
17 .29 48.18
11,44 26.46
5.19 14.28
0.07 0.32
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
Output Data
Excets from this work may be reprodued by instructors fbr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoss only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsltin of his work beyond th permied
by Sectins ]07 r 08 ofhe 1976 Unied Sttes Cpyright ctihout the permission ofhe cpyright oner is unwful.
lnput Data
U-Value 0.1 Btu/(h-ft2-F)
Solar absorptivitv 0.9
hermal emissivih .9
Tis 72.0 F
Peak temoerature 96.0 F
Dailv Ranqe 30.3 F
Vlean Wind Soeec 1 1.0 mph
139
Clock
Time
Local
Solar
Time
Outdoor
Dry-bulb
Temp.
(F)
skv
Temp.
(F)
Effective
Skv
Temp.
(F)
To"'
estimated
(F)
h"
(Btu/(h-
ft'-F))
hrsky
(Btu/(h
-ft'?-F))
hrgr
(Btu/(h-
tt'-))
To.,
calculated
fromS-24
(F)
Qconduction
(Btu/(h-
ft2))
1.00 23.15 73.0 62.2 65.3 71.15 1.72 0.45 0.46 71.15 -0.09
2.O0 0.15 71.2 60.4 63.5 69.41 1.72 0.45 0.46 69.41 -0.26
3.00 1.15 69.6 58.8 62.0 67.96 1.72 .45 0.46 67.96 -0.40
4.00 2.15 68.'1 57.3 60.5 66.51 1.72 0.44 0.45 66.51 -0.55
5,00 3.15 66.9 56.'1
oa
65.35 1.72 0.44 0.45 65.35 -0.67
6.00 4.15 66.0 55.2 58.4 64.48 1.72 0.44 0.45 64.48 -0.75
7.00 5.15 65.7 54.9 58.1 64.1 I 1.72 0.44 0.45 65.5'1 -0.65
8.00 6.15 66.3 55.5 58.7 68.60 1.72 0.44 0.45 70.67 -0.13
9.00 7.15 67.8 57.0 60.2 74.15 1.72 0.45 0.46 75.96 0.40
10.0 8.15 70.5 59.7 62.9 81.31 1.73 0.46 0.47 89.08 1.71
1 1.0 9.15 74.5 63.7 66.9 99.67 1,74 0.49 0.50 106.51 3.45
12.00 10.15 79.0 68.2 71.4 116.02 1.74 0.52 0.53 121.05 4.90
13.00 11.15 84.2 73.4 76.5 129.01 1.75 0.55 0.56 131.75 5.97
14.0 12.15 89. 78.2 81.4 137.21 1.75 0.57 0.58 137.47 6.55
15.00 I 3.15 92.7 81.9 85.0
'139.67
1.75 0.58 0.59 137.47 6.55
1 6.00 14.15 95.1 84.3 87.5 136.52 1.75 0.58 0.59 132.07 6.01
17.00 1 5.15 96.0 85.2 88.4 127.91 1,74 0.57 0.58 121.67 4.97
18.00 16.15 95.1 84.3 87.5 114.37 1.73 0.54 0.55 107.09 3.51
19.00 17.15 93.0 82.2 85.3 100.24 1.73 0.52 0.53 98.57 2.66
20.0 18.15 89.6 78.8 82.0 93.64 1.72 0.51 0.52 91.61 1.96
21.00
'19.15
85.7 74.9 78.1 85.63 1.72 0.49 0.50 83.43 114
22.00 20.15 81.8 71 .0 74.1 79.56 1.72 0.48 0.49 79.56 0.76
23.00 21 15 78.4 67.6 70.8 76.37 1.72 0.47 0.48 76.37 0.44
24.00 22.15 75.4 64.6 67.8 73.47 1.72 0.46 0.47 73.47 0.15
B-12
This problem is solved in the same manner as Example 8-2. The results
Day 1
0.312
0.463
0.508
0.494
0.454
0.410
0.387
0.402
0.473
Day 2 Day 3
1.126 1126
0.954 0.954
0.804 0.804
0.673 0.673
0.56't 0.561
0.475 0.475
0.426 0.426
0.426 0.426
0.487 0.487
(conduction heat fluxes for each hour in Btu/(hr-ft2)) may be summarized in
tabular form as:
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
Excets from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distrrbution n a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only t
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adpted. ny ther reproduction or trnsltion f his ork beyond h permied
by Secins 07 or 08 fhe 976 Unied Stes Cpyright ct wihou the permission ofthe copyrigh oner is unlful.
-
140
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
0.612
0.820
1.089
1.399
1.715
1.998
2.223
2.362
2.405
2.352
2.215
2.016
1.786
1.551
1.327
0.620
0.825
1.092
1.401
1 .716
1.999
2.223
2.362
2.405
2.353
2.215
2.016
1.786
1.551
1.327
0.620
0.825
1.092
1.401
1 .716
1.999
2.223
2.362
2.405
2.353
2.215
2.016
1.786
'1.551
1.327
8-13
Because the wall is ightweight, the results converge rapidly.
This problem
is soved in the Same V/ay aS the previous problem.
Note that
the additional insulation substantially reduces the conduction heat flux, as
expected. The resuts (condution
heat fuxes for each hour in Btu/(hr-ft2))
may be summarized in tabular form as:
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
o
I
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Day 1
0.203
0.329
0.379
0.380
0.356
0.323
0.298
0.296
0.328
0.407
.535
0.711
0.925
1.154
1.373
1.559
1.691
1.757
1.754
1.685
1.562
1.406
Day 2
0.915
0.778
0.659
0.554
0.464
0.390
0.340
0.322
0.344
0.417
0.542
0.715
0.927
'1
.156
1.374
1.559
1.692
1.758
1.754
'1.685
1.562
'1.406
Day 3
0.915
0.778
0.659
0.554
0.464
0.390
0.340
0.322
0.344
0.417
0.542
0,715
0.927
1 .156
1.374
1.559
1.692
1.758
1.754
1.685
1.562
1.406
Exc-erpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for.distribution n a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enrolled in ourses fr which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprdCion or rnsltion of his lork beyond th permied
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23
24
141
1.237
1.070
1.237 1.237
1.070 1.070
8-14
B-'15
The solution to this problem is similar to that of Problem 8-9, except that to
estimate the maximum possible surface temperature, the surface may be
assumed to be adiabatic, and U is then zero. Also, the surface-to-ground
radiation coefficient is zero, and no correction is necessary for the sky
temperature, as the surface is assumed to be horizontal. Assume the wind
is windward, h"= 1.3 Btu/(h-ft2-F). Then, the final converged answer for the
surface temperature is:
hr,sky= 1.361 Btu/(h-ft2-F) fr"= 201.0 F
From Table 8-2, heat gain for occupants that are
"Seated,
very light work"
have 245 Btulhr (72 W) sensible heat gain, and
'155
Btu/hr (45 W) latent
heat gain. The sensible portion is assumed to be 70% radiative/ 30%
convective.
The sensible heat gain from people is72 Wperson x 30 people
=
2160 W.
The radiative portion is 0.7 x 2160
=
1512
'
he convective portion is 0'3 x2160
=
648 W.
The latent heat gain from people is 45 Wperson x 30 peoPe
=
1350 W.
The sensibe heat gain from lighting is
'1
.5 ft2 x 4OOO sq. ft.
=
6000 W;
20o/o is assumed to enter the plenum space directly, leaving 4800 W which
is assumed to be 59% radiative I 41% convective.
=
2832\'t.
The convective portion is 0.41 x 4800
=
'1968
W.
The sensible heat gain from equipment is 1 fi( x 4OOO sq. ft.
=
4O0O W,
which is assumed to be 20o/o radiative I 80% convective. (Note this
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8-16
142
assumption is based on the assumption that most of the equipment is fan-
cooled. Students are likely to make varying assumptions.)
he radiative portion is 0'2x 4000
=
800 W.
The convective porton is 0.8 x 4000
=
3200 W.
The total sensible heat gain is 2160
+
4800
+
4000
=
10960 W.
The radiative portion is 1512
+
2832
+
800
=
5144 W.
The convective portion is 648
+
1968
+
3200
=
5816 W.
The total latent heat gain is 1350 W.
From Table 8-2, heat gain for occupants that are involved in
"Sedentary
\/ork" is275 Btu/hr (81 W) sensible heat gain, and 275 Btulhr (81 W) latent
heat gain. The sensible portion is assumed to be 70o/o radiative/ 30%
convective.
The sensible heat gain from people is 81 Wperson x 35 people
=
2835 W.
he radiative portion is 0'7 x 2835
=
1984.5 W.
=
850.5 W.
The latent heat gain from peope is 81 Wperson x 35 peoPle
=
2835 W.
he sensible heat gain from lighting is
'15 \,lm2
x 75O m'
=
11250 W; 50%
is assumed to enter the plenum Space directly, eaving 5625 W that is
assumed to be 59% radiative I 41% convective.
=
3319 W.
The convective portion is 0.4'l x 5625
=
2306 W.
The sensible heat gain from office equipment is 7000 W, which is assumed
to be 20o/o radiative I 80% convective. (Note this assumption is based on
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143
the assumption that most of the equipment is fan-cooled. Students are
likely to make varying assumptions.)
The radiative portion is 0.2x 7000
=
1400 W.
=
5600 W.
The total sensible heat gain is 2835
+
5625
+
7000
=
15460 W.
The radiative portion is 1984.5
+
3319
+
1400
=
6703.5 W.
The convective portion is 850.5
+
2306
+
5600
=
8756.5 W.
The total latent heat gain is 2835 W.
8-17
Heat gain to the space
=
0.8 x 6000 W
=
4800 W
Problem 8-18
At 4.00 p.m., 70 people are present. Assuming
"seated,
light offie \Mork",
the sensible heat gain per person is245 Btu/hr (72) and the latent heat
gain per person is 200 Btu/hr (59 W).
Sensible heat gain
=
245 Btu/hr/person x 70 people
=
17150 Btu/hr.
Latent heat gain
=
200 Btu/hr/person x 70 people
=
'14000
Btu/hr.
t 6:00 p.m., no one is present; sensible and latent heat gains are O Btu/hr.
8-19
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144
First, compute the properties of the corresponding fictitious surfaces, using
Eqns 8-35, 8-36, 8-37. Resuts are shown in the shaded table entries,
beow.
Surface Area
(ft')
A- T(F) A--T l]f ;lF)
1 orth roof 639.7 0.9 575.8 122 70241.8 1983.7 0',9
,
1,10.6
2 South roof 639.7 0.9 575.8 143 82332.6 1983.7 0.9 13.9
3 West wall 84.0 0.9 75.6 102 7711.2 2539.4 0.9 113,8
4 East wall 84.0 0.9 75.6 92 6955.2 2539;4, 0.9 114.1
5 ttic floor 1176.0 0.9 1058.4 95 100548.0 1'4;47.',4' 0:9 128,4
hen, compute the radiant interchange factor and radiation heat transfer
coefficient using Eqns. 8-38 and 8-39. Using Eqn. 8-40, estimate the
radiative heat flux from each Surface (Q,.u), then determine the radiative
heat transfer from each Surface (Q,"r). Then, compute the total radiative
heat transfer from all surfaes
=
-69,769.5 Btu/hr. Divide by the total
Surface area, 2623.4 ft2, to get the baancing factor, -26'6 Btu/(hr-ft'1, which
must be subtracted from the previously caculated heat flux from each
surface to determine the
"balanced"
radiation heat flux from each surface
(q,rlbal). Multiply by the area to determine the radiation heat transfer from
each Surface (Q,"/bal)' Chek to see that they nov Sum to zero.
Su"face Fit Trus (R) hri
Qra
(Btu/
(hr-ft2))
Q,uo
(Btu/hQ
qr"6/bal
(Bt
(hr-ft'))
Q,u6lbal
(Btu/hr)
I North roof 0.872 576.0 11.4 129.7 82950.9 156.3 99964.1
2 South roof 0.872 583.1 11.9 463.7 296624.7 490.3 313637.9
3 West wall .897 567.6 11.2 -132.6 -11140.0 -'106.0 -8906.1
4 East wall 0.897 562.7 1 1.0 -242.5 -20368.1 -215.9 -18134.2
5 ttic floor 0.832 571.4 10.6 -355.3 -417837.0 -328.7 -386561.8
8-20
First, compute the properties of the corresponding fictitious surfaces, using
Eqns 8-35, 8-36, 8-37. Results are sho\Mn in the shaded table entries,
below.
Surface
Area
(m2)
A- T(C) -- A, t1 Ti(e)
1 North roof 120.7 .9 108.7 43 4672.9
'
372:7, 0.:,9, 38.3
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8-21
145
2 South roof 120.7 0.9 108.7 50 5433.6 372.7 0.9 36.0
2
West wall 18.0 0.9 16.2 36 583.2 475t.:5
,0.9
39;6
4 East wall 18.0 0.9 16.2 38 615.6 45.5 0.;9 39.5
5 Attic floor 216.0 0.9 194.4 32 6220.8 277.5 .,9 45,3
hen, compute the radiant interchange factor and radiation heat transfer
coefficient using Eqns. 8-38 and 8-39. Using Eqn. 8-40, estimate the
radiative heat flux from each Surface (9,"r), then determine the radiative
heat transfer from each Surface (Q,"). Then, compute the total radiative
heat transfer from all surfaces
=
-3027.9 W. Divide by the total surface
area, 493.5 m2, to get the balancing factor, -6.1 Wmz, which must be
subtracted from the previously calculated heat flux from each surface to
determine the
"balanced"
radiation heat flux from each surface (q,u6lbal).
Multiply by the area to determine the radiation heat transfer from each
surface (Q,"/bal). Check to see that they no\M Sum to zero.
Surface Fir Tuus (K) hrt
Qra
^
(Wm'\
Q,"o (il4
qru6/ba
(Wm')
Q,,/bal
(w)
1 North roof 0.872 313.8 6.'1 28.6 3459.0 34.8 4199.9
2 South roof 0.872 316.2 b_J 87.2 10534.5 93.4 11275.4
J West wall 0.897 310.9 6.1 -22.0 -395.4 -15.8 -285.0
4 East wall 0.897 31 1.9 6.2 -9.4 -168.4 -3.2 -58.0
5 Attic floor 0.835 31 1.8 57 -76.2 -16457.6 -70.1 -15132.3
The solution procedure is identica to that of Problem 8-19, except the
emissivities for surfaces 1 and 2 are 0.1. Fictitious surface properties are
shown in the first table.
Surface Area
(ft')
A- T(F) A--T At :1 T^,(F)
1 North roof 639.7 0.1 64.0 122 7804.6 1983.7 0.6 97.6
2 South rool 639.7 0.1 64.0 143 9148.1 1983:7, .6 96.6
J West wall 84.0 0.9 75.6 102 7711.2 2539;4 0'5 98.6
4 East wall 84.0 0.9 75.6 92 6955.2 2539.4 .5 99.2
5 Atti floor 1176.0 0.9 1058.4
o
100548.0 14:47.'.4
t
0,2 11'3.3
he total radiative heat transfer from a|l surfaces
=
-3476.1 Btu/hr. The
balancing factor is -1. 3 Btu/(hr-ft2).
Surface Fir *s (R) hri
9rao
(Btu/
Q,r
(Btu/hr)
Qrr/bal
(Btu/
Q,,a/bal
(Btu/hr)
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146
(hr-ft')) (hr-ft'))
1 North roof 0.098 569.5 1.2 30.3 19378.4 31.6 20226.0
2 South rooi 0.098 579.5 1.3 60.8 38903.3 62.1 39751.0
3 West wall 0.874 560' 10.5 35.5 2984.3 36.9 3095.6
4 ast wall 0.874 555.3 10.3 -74.1 -6220.9 -72.7 -6109.6
5 Attic floor 0.222 563.8 2.7 -49.8 -58521.2 -48.4
-56963.0
Note that the radiative heat fluxes from surfaces 1 and 2, and to surface 5
are significantly lower. (The heat flux incident on surface 5 has been
reduced by s5%.) he catch is that
"in real life", everything else does not
remain the same. ln particular, the temperatures would change
significantly.
The solution
procedure is identical to that of Problem 8-20, except the
emissivities for surfaces 1 and 2 are 0.1. Fictitious surface
properties are
shown in the first table.
Surface
Area
(m2)
A- r(c) A--T
,
', T(c)
1 North roof 120.7 0.1 12.1 43 519.2 372'7' .6 33;6
2 South roof 120.7 0.1 12.1 50 603.7 372,7 0'6 33'2
J West wal 18.0 0.9 16.2 J b 583.2
.475.5
0,5
,,33.9
4 East wall 18.0 0.9 16.2 38 615.6 ,475,,5' 0.5 33,8
5 Attic floor 216.0 0.9 194.4 32 6220.8 277,,5 o'.2 41.1
The total radiative heat transfer from all surfaces
=
-341.5 W. The
balancing factor is -0.7 Wm2.
Surface Fy Trrs (K) hrl
9ra
^
/Wm')
Q," (h4
qru6/bal
(Wm')
Q.,a/bal
(w)
1 North roof 0.098 311.4 0.7 6.3 765.2 7.0 848.7
2 South roof 0.098 314.8 0.7 117 1407.1 12.3 1490.7
J West wall 0.870 308.1 5.8 12.1 217.6 12.8 230.0
4 East wall 0.870 309.0 5.8 24.6 443.7 25,3 456.1
5 Attic floor 0.241 309.7 1.6 -14.7 -3175.0 -14.0 -3025.6
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8-22
8-23
147
Convective heat transfer coefficients are determined from Table 8-8.
Coefficients for the pitched roof surfaces are based on the
"Sloping
-
45
degrees" surface position. more sophisticated approach would involve
interpolation. The resuts are summarized below.
Surface Area (ft2) (F)
Surface
Position
Direction of
Heat Flow
h"
Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
9""onu""tion
(Btu/(hr-ft"))
1 North roof 639.7 122
Sloping -
45 deqrees
Downward o.42 15.54
2 South roof 639.7 143
Sloping -
45 derees
Downward 0.42 24.36
3 West wall 84.0 102 Vertical Horizontal 0.56 9.52
4 East wall 84.0 92 Veftical Horizontal 0.56 3.92
5 Attic floor 1 176. 95 Horizontal Downward 0.18 1.80
Convective heat transfer coefficients are determined from Table 8-8.
Coefficients for the pitched roof surfaces are based on the
"Sloping
-
45
degrees" surface position. A more sophisticated approach \Mould involve
interpolation. The results are Summarzed below.
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8-24
B-25
Surface Area (m2) r(c)
Surface
Position
Direction of
Heat Flow
hc
(wm2-K)
Qt'"onu""1on
r//m')
1 orth roof 120.7 43
Sloping -
45 deqrees
Downward 2.39 33.46
2 South roof 120.7 50
Sloping -
45 deqrees
Downward 2.39 50.1 9
J West wall 18.0 36 Vertical Horizontal 3.18 22.26
4 ast wall 18.0 38 Vertical Horizontal 3.18 28.62
5 Attic floor 216.0 32 Horizontal Downward 1.02 3.06
r_
8-26
148
First, the solar irradiation on the window is obtained in the same manner as
the solution for Problem 7-17. The following tables show results for the
west-facing window.
lnput Data
Longitude 101.7 deg
Eo -6.2 min
Latitude 35.23 deg
Surf zimuth 270 deg
Surf Tilt 90 deg
A 346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
B 0.186
c 0.138
cN1
RHOG 0.2
Output Data
cDSr Lsr h, "
,
"
,
"
,
o
, " G," Go* Ga* Gr* G,*
15.00 13.12 16.75 69.25 229.59 40.41 74.35 283.92 76.59 27.06 30.47 134.12
The layer absorptances of the double-pane \Mindo\/ v/ith
'1l8
in. sheet
glass
(lD5a) can be found from able 7-3 as:
GDirect,outer:
7f ,774
dg)
:
O.13
(diffuse,outer:
.fiyarn_
0.11
Direct,inner
:'dr(7
4deg)
:
0.06 aciffuse'inne,
:
.fz'aixur,
:
0.07
Then, the solar radiation absorbed by each pane of the double-pane
window may be determined by (neglecting incident solar radiation from the
inside):
Q"itob,o,b,d,outer,
j,:
0.13(76.5g)
+ O.11(57.53)
:
16.29 tu/(hr_ft^2)
Q"itob,o,b,d,n*',," i,

:0.06(76.5g)
+ 0.07(57.53)
:
8.62tl(hr-ft2)
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students nrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or trnstion f this ''ork beyond ht permited
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(J nied
SteS Cpyright cwithu he permissin fhe copyrigh owner is unlful.
149
First, the solar irradiation on the window is obtained in the same manner as
the solution for Problem 7-17
'
he following tables show results for the
west-facing window.
lnput Data
Longitude 108.53 deg
EOT -6.2 min
Latitude 45.8 deg
Surf zimuth 270 deg
Surf ilt 90 deg
A 346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
B 0.186
c 0.138
cN1
RHOG 0.2
Output Data
MDST LSr h, "
,' ,' ,
o
,
o
Grvo* G" Gd* G* Gt*
15.00 13.66 24.92 57.57 227.35 42.65 66.77 277.89 109.60 29.57 27.29 166.46
The layer absorptances of the double-pane \/indo\M \/ith 1/8 in. sheet
glass
(lD5a) can be found from Table 7-3 as:
&Direct,outer:
.ir(67
deg)
:
0.L27 ddffise'outer:
-f,a1urr:
0.11
aDirect,inner:
7t1167
deg)
:
0.073 c]iffuse,inner:
.lz,ar,
:
0.07
hen, the Solar radiation absorbed by each pane of the double-pane
window may be determined by (neglecting incident solar radiation from the
inside):
Q" it ob,o,bnd,outer'
j,
:
0.27 (|0g.6) + 0. 1 1 (56.s6)
:
20.1 7 Btu/(hr-ft2)
Q"t ob,o,bud,inner,
j,
:
0.073(109.6)
+
0.07(56.86)
:
1 1.98 Btu/(hr-ft2)
8-27
RsULTs BY ts D UsG T}*| VCXpLORR
pRBR
AR l-{lcl-lR -.| R$UL$ Y f; RS ETl*iD
Usl G l-t spRD$*| H.
8-28
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students enrolled in ourses or which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reprducin or rnsltin f his ork beyond th permied
by Secions ] 07 or 1 08 of he 976 United Stes Cpyrilht ct without the permissin ofthe cpyright oner is unful.
150
The RTS method is used to obtain the cooling load results for this
problem.
The following table shows total cooling loads and cooling loads due to
window heaigains for both low-e and regular double-pane
windo\/S' l
cooling loads due to other heat
gains are the same as those shown in
Example 8-16.
Hour
Low-E Windows
(from
ExamPle 8-16)
Regular Windows
Window
Condution
(Btu,hr)
Window
SG
(Btu,&r)
Total
(Btu/hr)
Windw
Conduction
(Btu,&r)
Window
SG
(Btu,4lr)
Total
(BtuAr)
1 186 364 4418
228 420 4516
2 146 299 3843
179
345 3921
2
110 246 3352
135 284
3414
4 79
203 2940 97 234 2989
5 58 167
2623 72 193 2662
6 52
tJ o 2419 63 159 2452
7
61 254 2465 75 293 2518
8 92 465 2737 112 537 2829
9 145
710 8'190 178 820
8333
10 215 978 9562
toc 1129 9761
11 300 1247 1 0883
J OO 1437 11141
12 389
1492 12143 477 1720 12458
13 469 1694 13275 574 1 951
I 3637
14 533
1 833 14250
654 2111 14648
15 577 1897
1 5007
707 2185 15425
16 593 188'1 1 5486 726 2167 1 5905
17 585 1787 15701 717
2060 16105
1B 553 1624 1 0635 677 1 873 11008
19 503 139'1 9550 616
'1604
9877
20 444 1 089 8460 544 1256 8727
21 386 839
7477 472 968
7692
22 327 674 6588
401 777 6765
23 274 546
5777 336 629 5922
24 228 445 5057 279 513
5176
As shown in the above table, usng the regular \indo\ Would resut in
slighily higher cooling loads than using the low-e window.
The following
figure illustrates the
'hcrease
in cooling loads due to changing the type of
w]ndow from the low-e window to the reguar window.
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151
Cooling Load Comparison
l
d
o
cr)
:
o
o
)
18000
'15000
12000
9000
6000
3000
0
't0 '13 '16
Tirne, Hour
8-29
8-30
Soluton to be provided
by an instructor.
First, the solar irradiation must be determined and is the same as that
shown for Problem 8-10. hen, the hourly dry bulb temperature is
calculated using quation 8-2. Here, the hour nearest to the local solar
time has been used to determine the temperature. Finally, the sol-air
temperature is calculated using quation 8-63 with the therma radiation
correction term being zero for a vertical surface.
Local lnsolation Outdoor Sol-air
Solar (Btu/h- Drybutb Temp
Clock Time Time ft2) emp (F) (F)
1.00 23.79 0.00 75.2 75.2
2.00 0.79 0.00 73.9 73.9
3.00 1.79 0.00 72.6 72.6
4.00 2.79 0.00 71.6 71.6
5.00 3.79 0.00 70.9 70.9
6.00 4.79 0.00 70.6 70.6
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152
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
1 1.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
'17.00
'18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
Clock
Time
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
'!6.00
17.00
18.00
19.0
20.00
21.00
22.00
5.79
6.79
7.79
8.79
9.79
10.79
11.79
12.79
13.79
14.79
15.79
16.79
17.79
18.79
19.79
20.79
21.79
22.79
9.93
23.08
32.24
39.29
44.53
47.91
52.42
111 .11
178.01
230.32
259.13
252.42
184.97
6.'10
0.00
0.00
0.0
0.00
73.1
77.0
81 .1
85.8
90.7
95.7
100.6
115.4
130.8
142.1
147.1
143.9
127.7
88.6
84.1
81.3
78.7
76.7
Sol-air
Temp (F)
73.0
71.2
69.6
68.1
66.9
66.0
66.3
69.0
72.3
79.9
90.6
100.4
108.8
114.6
1 16.6
115.1
110.2
102.3
96.9
91.8
85.7
81.8
71.1
72.4
74.7
78.0
8'1.8
86.'1
90.2
93.2
95.2
96.0
95.2
93.5
90.7
87.4
84.1
81.3
78.7
76.7
8-31
This problem uses the same solution procedure as Problem 8-30. Note
that the solar irradiation is the same as that shown for Problem 8-1 1.
Local
Solar
Time
23.15
0.1 5
1.15
2.15
3.15
4.15
5.15
6.15
7.15
8.1 5
9.15
10.15
11.15
12.15
1 3.15
14.15
15.'1 5
16.15
17.15
'18.15
19.15
20.15
Outdoor
nsolation Drybulb
(Btu/h-ft2) Temp (F)
0.00 73.0
0.00 71.2
0.00 69.6
0.00 68.1
0.00 66.9
0.00 66.0
3.96 65.7
17.83 66.3
29.69 67.8
62.38 70.5
107.15 74.5
142.58 79.0
164.39 84.2
170.24 89.0
159.50 92.7
133.31 95.1
94.57 96.0
48.18 95.1
26.46 93.0
14.28 89.6
0.32 85.7
0.00 81.8
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153
23.00
24.00
21.15
22.15
78.4
75.4
78.4
75.4
Longitude
Standard Meridian
EOT
Latitude
Declination
Surf Azimuth
Surf ilt
Apar
Bpar
Cpar
CN
RHOG
0.00
0.00
106.62 deg
105 deg
-6.2 min
35.05 deg
20.6 deg
0 deg
0 deg
346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
0.1 86
0.1 38
1
0.2
8-32
This problem uses the simiar Solution procedure
as Problem 8-3O. First,
the solar irradiation is determined for the flat roof using the procedure
described in Chapter 7. The resuts are shown below.
nput Data
MDST Lsr h,
o
,.
1.00 23.79 176.83 -34.27
2.00 0.79 -168.17 -33.23
3.00 1 .79 -153.17 -28.80
4.00 2.79 -138.17 -21.65
5.00 3.79 -123.17 -12.54
6.00 4.79 -108.17 -2.11
7.00 5.79 -93.17 9.'19
8.00 6.79 -78.17 21.05
9.00 7.79 -63.17 33.22
10.00 8.79 -48.17 45.49
1 1.00 9.79 -33.17 57 51
12.00 10.79 -18.17 68.46
'13.00
11.79 -3.17 75.28
14.00 12.79 11.83 72.19
15.00 13.79 26.83 62.36
16.00 14.79 41.83 50.63
17.00 15.79 56.83 38.41
18.00 16.79 71.83 26.17
19.00 17 .79 86.83 14.15
20.00 18.79 101 .83 2.58
21 .00 19.79 1 16.B3 -8.27
22.00 20.79 131.83 -'18.00
23.00 21.79 146.83 -26.06
Output Data
,
"
,
o
,
o
Gruo* Go* G* G* Gt*
356.41 356.41 124.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
13.26 13.26 123.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
28.82 28.82 1 18.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
42.20 42.20 111.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
53.39 53.39 102.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
62'87 62'87 92'11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.00
71 .22 71.22 80.81 108.07 17 .26 14.91 0.00 32.17
79.02 79.02 68.95 206.38 74.12 28.48 0.00 102.60
86.89 86.89 56.78 246.69 135.17 34.04 0.00 169.21
95.77 95.77 44.51 266.87 190.31 36.83 0.00 227.14
107.55 107 .55 32.49 277 .85 234.37 38.34 0.00 272.71
127.34 127.34 21.54 283.62 263.81 39.14 0.00 302.95
168.24 168.24 14.72 285.80 276.42 39.44 0.00 315.86
218.87 218.87 17.81 284.93 271.28 39.32 0.00 310.60
245.60 245.60 27.64 280.80 248.75 38.75 0.00 287.50
259.78 259.78 39.37 272.32 210'52 37.58 0.0 248'10
269.56 269.56 51.59 256.78 159.55 35.44 0.00 194.98
277
'71
277
'71
63.83 227 .20 10.20 31 .35 0.00 131 .56
285.45 285.45 75.85
'161.85
39.s6 22.33 0.00 61.90
293.49 293.49 87.42 5.53 0.25 0.76 0.00 1.01
302.43 302.43 98.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
312.83 312.83 108.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
325.24 325.24 116.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
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154
24.00 22.79 161.83 -31.74 339.93 339.93 121.74 0.00
*Unit
of lrradiation is tu/hr-ft2
Then, the sol-air temperature is determined using Equation 8-63 with the
thermal radiation corretion term being 7 "F for a horizontal surface.
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Clock Time
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.0
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.0
14.00
15.0
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
Local lnsolation
Solar (Btu/h-
Time tt2)
23.79 0.00
0.79 0.0
1.79 0.00
2.79 0.00
3.79 0.00
4.79 0.00
5.79 32.17
6.79 102.60
7.79 169.21
8.79 227.14
9.79 272.71
10.79 302.95
11.79 315.86
12.79 310.6
13.79 287.50
14.79 248.10
15.79 194.98
16.79 131.56
17.79 61.90
18.79 1 .01
19,79 0.00
20.79 0.00
21.79 0.00
22.79 0.00
Outdoor Sol-air
Drybulb Temp
emp (F) (F)
75.2 68.2
73.9 66.9
72.6 65.6
71.6 64.6
70.9 63.9
70.6 63.6
71 .1 70.5
72.4 85.9
74.7 101.5
78.0 116.4
81.8 129.3
86.1 139.7
90.2 146.3
93.2 148.3
95.2 145.7
96.0 138.6
95.2 127.2
93.5 112.8
90.7 96.0
87.4 80.6
84.1 77.1
81.3 74.3
78.7 71.7
76.7 69.7
8-33
For hour 15, Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux.
Q"conduction
=
.0052 x (151
'2-74)
+
.001 44 x (138'1-74)
+
.00645 x (120.3-74)...
=
2.897 Btu/(hr-ft2)
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8-34
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux for each hour.
Hour
q"
(Btu/(hr-
ft2))
Hour
q"
(Btu/(hr-
ft2))
1 1.835 13 0.828
2 1.824 14 0.798
J 1.772 15 0.791
4 1.693 16 0.810
5 1.595 17 0.861
6 1.486
'18
0.948
7 1.372 19 1 .071
8 1.259 20 1.225
1.149 21 1.396
10 1.047 22 1.563
11 0.956 23 1.704
12 0.882 24 1.797
8-35
For hour 12, qation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux.
Q"conduction =
0.0061 92 x (143.9-72) +
0.044510 x (1 34.3-72)
+
0.047321 x (1 21 .4-72)...
=
7 .028 Btu/(hr-ft2)
8-36
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat fux for each hour.
our
q"
(Btu/(hr-
ft2)) Hour
q"
(Btu/(hr-
ft2))
1 0.674 13 1.050
2 0.401 14 1.544
3 0.1 99 15 2.012
4 0.051 16 2.409
155
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156
5 -0.058 17 2.694
6 -0.138 18 2.841
7 -0.197
19 2.834
8 -0.232
20 2.671
9 -0.209 21 2.361
10 -0.075
22 1.936
11 0.194 23 1.466
12 0.583 24 1.031
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux for each hour with
so-air temperatures calculated in Problem 8-31.
Hour
q"
(Btu/(hr-
ft2)) Hour
q"
(Btu/(hr-
ft2))
1 3.492 13 -0.055
2 3.147 14 0.1 65
3 2.758 15 0.563
4 2.348 16 1.112
5 1.937 17 1.754
6 1.536 18 2.417
7 1.154 19 3.026
I 0.796 20 3.510
9 0.472 21 3.823
10 0.1 99 22 3.958
11 0.00 23 3.931
12 -0.098 24 3.765
Using the simplified approach, the solution procedure
is the same as that of
Probem 7-27. First, we need to know ange of incidence and Solar
irradiation. ssuming a west-facing window, the incidence angle and solar
rradiation for Albuquerque, NM on a c|ear J uly 21 day at 3:OO pm solar
time are (see solution in Problem 8-10 for reference)
Angle of lncidence
=
65.0 deg.,
Direct Solar lrradiation. G
=
1 18.6 Btu/hr-ft2,
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studentsenrolledincoursesforwhichthetextbookhasbeenadopted.
nyotherreprdicionrrnstion1hsorkbeyoidihpermied
by Secions ]07 or 108 of he 976 United Ses Cowrigh c withu thb permissn of the copyrigh oner ii unlful.
8-37
8-38
B-39
157
a
G
=
30.6
+
28.9
=
59'4 Btu/hr-ft2
Then, the area of the glazing and of the frame is calculated to be 27 .2 ft2
and 4.8 ftz, respectively.
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 5b
are
SHGG9(65")
=
0.515 and SHGGs
=
0.60.
From able 5-2, the outside surface conductance may be estimated to be
4.0 Btu/hr-ft2-'F.
From Table 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, double glazed window having
aluminum-clad wood/vinyl frame with insulated spacers is 0.48 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
From able 7-1, solar absorptance of the vinyl frame painted white is 0.26.
ssuming the window with no setback (Ar,r'"
=
Asu), the SHGC for the
frame can be calculated using Eq. 7-31 as:
SHGG1= 0.26*(0.4814.0)
=
0.031.
For an unshaded window, the total solar heat gain is calculated using Eq.
7 -32 as
Qsc =
(0.51 5*27
'2
+
0.031-4.8)-'1
'18.6
+ (0.60-27
'2
+
0.031*4.8)*59.4
=
2657
'2
Btlhr'
This problem uses the same solution procedure as the previous problem.
Assuming a south-facing window, the incidence angle and solar irradiation
for Boise, ]D on a clear J ly 21 day at 3:00 pm solar time are (see solution
in Problem 8-1
'1
for reference)
Angle of lncidence'
=
68.8 deg.,
Direct Solar lrradiation: G
=
101.6 Btu/hr-ft2,
+
G
=
29'0
+
28.9
=
57
'9
Btu/hr-ft2, and
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students enro11ed in courses for hich the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnslion of his work beynd h permitted
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t
'158
The area of the glazing and of the frame is the same as that calculated in
Problem 8-38.
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 29a
are
SHGG,(68.8")
=
0'408 and SHGGs= 0.57.
From Table 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, triple glazed window having
aluminum-clad wood/vinyl frame with insulated spacers is 0.44 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
The outside surface conductance and solar absorptance of the frame are
assumed to be the same as those in Problem 8-38.
Assuming the window with no setback (Ar,u'"
=
Asu), the SHGC for the
frame can be calculated using Eq. 7-3'1 as:
SHGGr
=
0.26*(0 .4414.0)
=
0.029.
For an unshaded window, the total solar heat gain is calculated using Eq.
7-32 as.
Qsuc = '408-27 '2
+
0.029-4.8)*101.6
+ (0.57*27.2
+
0.029*4.8)-57.9
=
2047.4 Btu/hr.
8-40
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fluxes from Problem 8-
33 by the surface area, 8OO ft2. Then, from Table 8-20, select the
radiative/convective split to be 63%137o/o Apply the split to determine the
convective and radiative heat gains. Then, apply Equation 8-67 to the
radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. Sum the
radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get the cooling load.
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students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducion or rnstion f this ork beyond ht permied
by Secions ] 07 or ] 08 of he 976 United SteS Cpyrigh c ithut he permissin of the copyright owner is unlful.
Hour
Conduction
Heat Gain
(Btu/h0
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
1 5462.3 2021.0 3441.2 2903.7 4924.7
2 4899.6 1812.8 386.7 2813.1 4625.9
3 4334.5 1603.8 2730.7 2702.9 4306.7
4 3796.4 1404.7 2391.7 2583.0 3987.7
5 3300.5 1221 2 2079.3 2460.2 3681.4
b 2854.1 1056.0 1798.1 2339.0 3395.0
7 2460.6 910.4 1550.2 2222.4 3132.9
8 2123.8 785.8 1338.0 2113.0 2898.9
9 1854.2 686.1 1168.2 2014.0 2700.1
10 1673.6 619.2 1054.4
'1930.6
2549.9
11 1598.0 591.3 1006.7 1868.0 2459.2
12 1629.0 602.7 1026.3 1829.3 2432.1
13 1759.4 651.0 1 108.4
'1815.8
2466.8
14 1983.0 733.7 1249.3 1827.8 2561.5
15 2318.0 857.6 1460.3 1868.9 2726.6
16 2803.7 1037.4 1766.3 1947.4 2984.8
17 3450.5 1276.7 2173.8 2068.9 3345.5
18 4215.9 1559.9 2656.0 2230.3 3790.2
19 5016.0 1855.9 3160.1 2419.2 4275.2
20 5741.3 2124.3 3617.0 2614.7 4739.0
21 6266.5 23'18.6 3947.9 2789.4 5108.0
22 6473.8 2395.3 4078.5 2913.3 5308.6
ZC 6345.1 2347.7 3997.4 2969.4 5317.1
24 5971.2 2209.4 376'1.9 2961.2 5170.6
'159
Cooling Loads and Heat Gains
700.0
600.0
5000.0
4000.0
3000.0
2000.0
1 000.0
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students enroled in ourses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny her reprductin or trnstion of this work beyond h permitted
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t
G
6)
o
J
0.0
16
8-41
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fluxes from Problem 8-
35 by the surface area, 1OOO ft2. Then, from able 8-20, select the
radiative/convective
split to be 84ol16o/o' Apply the split to determine the
convective and radiative heat
gains. Then, apply quation 8-67 to the
radiative heat
gains to determine the radiative cooling load. Sum the
Hour
Conduction
eat Gain
(Btuihr)
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
1 2227.2 356.4 1870.8 4864.4 5220.7
2 1338.2 214.1 1124.1 4530.5 4744.6
J 627.7 100.4 527.3 4222.8 4323.2
4 57.3 9.2 48.2 3938.6 3947.7
5 -397.4 -63.6 -333.8 3676.2 3612.7
6 -746.0 119.4 -626.7 3436.0 3316.7
7 -935.8 -149.7 -786.0 3228.9 3079.2
o -610.8 -97.7 -513.1 3120.5 3022.8
9 507.2 81.2 426.1 3179.7 3260.8
10 2313.5 370.2 1943.3 3417.1 3787.2
11 4567.1 730.7 3836.3 3808.3 4539.0
12 7028.4 1124.5 5903.8 4316.0 5440.6
13 9455.0 1512.8 7942.2 4893.4 6406.2
14 1169.7 1857.6 9752.2 5486.8 7344.4
15 13293.3 2126.9 I 1 166.3 6042.8 8169.7
16 1 4350.1 2296.0 12054.1 651 1.5 8807.6
17 14672.7 2347.6 12325.1 6849.5 9197.1
'18
14222.5 2275.6 I 1946.9 7024.8 9300.4
19 1318.3 2082.9 1935.4 7018.0 9101.0
20 11142.9 1782.9 9360.0 6824.5 8607.3
21 8809.6 1 409.5 7400.1 6467.5 7877.0
22 6593.1 154.9 s538.2 6042.8 7097.7
z3 4782.8 765.3 4017.6 5622.2 6387.5
24 3353.'1 536.5
2816.6 5228.0 5764.5
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students eno]led in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reprducion or trnsCion of thS work beyond ht permitted

s;"i'n' ]07 r ]08 fthe 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh ctwihout he permission fhe cpyright oner is unlwful.
161
cooling Loads and eat Gains
L
fl
l
(!
(,
(!
o
J
1 6000.0
1 4000.0
1 2000.0
'10000.0
8000.0
6000.0
--r-- Conduction Heat Gain
(Btu/h0
-*x* Cooling Load
8-42
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fuxes from Problem 8-
36 by the surface area, 1200 ft2
'
Ther
,
from able 8-2o, seect the
radiative/convective Split to be 84oe% pply the split to determine the
convective and radiative heat gains. Then, apply Equation 8-67 to the
radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. Sum the
Hour
Conduction
Heat Gain
(Btl/hr)
Convective
HG
Radiative
G
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
1 809.2 129.5 679.7 1203.0 1332.4
2 481.0 77.0 404.1 1 105.3 1182.3
3 238.5 38.2 200.4 1018.3 1056.5
4 61.2 9.8 51.4 941.3 951.1
5 -69.3 11 .1 -58.2 872.8 861.7
6 -166.0 -26.6 -139.5 811.4 784.9
7 -237.0 -37.9 -199.0 756.2 718.3
o -278.7 -44.6 -234.1 707.9 663.3
I -250.9 -40.2 -210.8 674.0 633.8
10 -90.4 -14.5 -75.9 667.9 653.4
11 233.3 37.3 196,0 699.7 737.1
12 700.2 112.0 588.2 771.3 883.3
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students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducion or trnslion of this work beynd ht permited
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911131517192123
13 1260.3 201.6 1058.6 877.1 1078.8
14 1852.6 296.4 1556.2 1007.4 1303.8
15 2414.9 386.4 2028.5 1149.7 1 536.1
16 2890.5 462.5 2428.0 1290.4 1752.9
17 3233.3 517.3 2716.0 1416.6 1933.9
18 3409.7 545.6 2864.2 1516.5 2062.0
19 3401.3 544.2 2857.1 1580.7 2124.9
20 3205.0 512.8 2692.2 1602.7 2115.5
21 2833.6 453.4 2380.2 1579.7 2033.0
22 2323.3 371.7 1951 .6 1513.7 1885.5
23 1759.4 281.5 1477.9 1417.5 1699.0
24 1237.6 198.0 1039.6 1309.3 1507.3
162
Gooling Loads and Heat Gains
4000.0
3500.0
3000.0
2500.0
2000.0
_--_
Condution Heat Gain
(Btu/hr)
*__*
Cooling Load
1500.0
'1000.0
500.0
0.0
-500.0
First, the hourly Soar heat gains are determined using the same solution
procedure Sho1/n in Problem 8-38. The results are Sho\/n below. Note
that the Sola irradiation on the window is the Same aS that shown in
Problem 8-10. Also, note that the calculated Soar gain at 3:00 p.m. is
slightly different from that shown in Problem 8-38 due to rounding errors.
t
c
l1
o
J
8-43
lnput Data
Glass Area
Frame rea
27.2 ft',
4.8 ft2
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163
Diffuse SHGC
Angular SHGC - 0'
Angular SHGC - 40'
Angular SHGC - 50'
Angular SHGC - 60"
Angular SHGC - 70"
ngular SHGc - 80"
Frame sGc
0.6
0.7
0.67
0.64
0.58
0.45
0.23
0.03'1
Output Data
lnc. Dir lrradiation, Diff lrradiation, Solar Heat Gain,
ngle, ' Btu/hr-ft2 Btu/hr-ft2 Btu/hr
87.03 0.00 0.00 0.00
101 .06 0.0 0.00 0.00
114.99 0.00 0.00 0.00
128.63 0.0 0.00 0'00
141.58 0.00 0.00 0.00
152.80 0.00 0.00 0.00
159.17 0.00 9.93 163.51
156.37 0.00 23.08 380.04
146.65 0.00 32.24 530.96
134.23 0.00 39.29 647.01
120.81 0.00 44.53 733.28
106.97 0.00 47 .91 788.98
92.97 0.00 52.42 863.28
78.94 54.68 56.44 1314.44
65.01 1 18.63 59.38 2657 .05
51.37 170.01 60.32 3940.06
38.42 201.20 57.93 4657.12
27.20 202.07 50.35 4594.55
20.83 151.27 33.70 3393.40
23.63 5.07 1.03 111.74
33.35 0.0 0.00 0.00
45.77 0.00 0.00 0.00
59.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
73.03 0.00 0.00 0.00
Clock
Time
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14,00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.0
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
ln the original RS methodology, two types of radiant time fators v/ere
utilized to convert So|ar heat gains into cooling oads. The Solar.-RTS was
used to convert the beam transmitted solar gain whie the Nonsoar-RS
V/aS used to convert all other Solar gains' However, to simpify the
calculations, only one RTS (Nonsolar-RTs) is used in this edition. Since
the calculated Solar heat gains include both transmitle
ad
absorbed Solar
gains, the recommended radiative and convectivsplits shown in Table 8-
20 would not be applicable. For this problem, it is assumed that the
radiative fraction of the combined solar heat gain is about 0.9. Therefore,
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studentsenrolledincoursesforwhichthe textbookhasbeenadopted. nytherreproductionrtrnsltionfhisrkbeyondhpermied
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164
the radiative/convective split is 90%110%. Then, apply the split to
determine the convective and radiative heat gains and apply Equation 8-67
to the radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. nd,
finally, sum the radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get
the cooling load.
Hour
Solar
Heat Gain
(Btu/hr)
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
1 0.0 0.0 0.0 141 0 141.0
2 0.0 0.0 .0 91.6 91.6
3 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.8 59.8
4 0.0 0.0 0.0 39.2 39.2
5 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.9 25.9
6 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.2 17,2
7 163.5 16.4 147.2 87.6 103.9
I 380.0 38.0 342.0 215.2 253.2
9 531.0 53.1 477.9 339.6 392.7
10 647.0 64.7 582.3 450.5 515.2
11 733.3 73.3 660.0 543.8 617.1
12 789.0 78.9 710.1 615.8 694.7
13 863.3 86.3 777.0 687.3 773.6
14 1314.4 131.4 1 183.0 932.5 1064.0
15 2657.1 265.7 2391.3 1661.8 1927.5
16 3940.1 394.0 3546.1 2566.6 2960.6
17 4657.1 465.7 4191.4 3304.7 3770.4
18 4594.6 459.5 4135.1 3630.8 4090.3
19 3393.4 339.3 3054.1 3261.0 3600.4
20 111.7 11.2 100.6 1624.6 1635.8
21 0.0 0.0 0.0 912.1 912.1
22 0.0 0. 0.0 549.4 549.4
23 0.0 0.0 0.0 343.2 343.2
24 0.0 0.0 .0 218.7 218.7
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--
165
I
(!
J .
(!
o
J
5000.0
4500.0
4000.0
3500.0
3000.0
2500.0
2000.0
1500.0
1 000.0
500.0
OutPut Data
Dir lrrad, Btu/hr- Diff lrrad, Btu/hr-
ft2 f1'
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
_-
Soiar Heat Gain (Btu/hr)
*x-
Cooling Load
Solar Heat Gain,
Btu/hr
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
B-44
This
problem uses the same solution
procedures as Problem 8-43. Note
that the solar irradiation on the window is the same as that shown in
Problem 8-11. Also, note that the calculated Soar gain at 3:00
p.m. is
slightly different from that shown in Problem 8-39 due to rounding errors.
Th radiative/convective
split of 90%l10% is also used for this
problem.
lnPut Data
Glass Area 27.2 ft'
Frame Area 4.8 ft2
Diffuse SHGC 0.57
Angular SGc - 0" 0.68
Angular SHGC - 40' 0.65
ngular SHGO - 50' 0.62
Angular SHGC - 80" 0.18
Frame SHGC 0.029
Clock
Time
1.00
2.00
3.00
lnc.
Angle,'
152.14
154.11
'150.59
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students enrolled in courses fbr which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproiucon or trnslin f his ork beyond th
Permied
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(]nied
Sttes Copyright ct wihou the permission f the copyrigh oner is unlful.
166
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
1 1.00
12.00
'13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
143.20
133.87
123.75
113.42
103.29
93.66
84.88
77.37
71.58
68.02
67.06
68.82
73.09
79.44
87.38
96.45
106.26
116.49
126.80
136.76
145.67
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
22.70
58.92
87.76
105.54
1 10.30
101.56
80.22
48.70
11.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.96
17.83
29.69
39.68
48.23
54.81
58.85
59.94
57.95
53.1 0
45.86
36.84
26.46
14.28
0.32
0.0
0.00
0.0
0.00
.00
.00
6'1.91
278.89
464.39
680.73
1139.73
1721.36
2140.21
2255,35
2046.81
1551.04
978.1 5
592.46
413.94
223.45
4.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
our
Solar
Heat Gain
(Btl/hr\
Convective
HG
Radiative
G
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
1 0.0 . 0.0 356.3 356.3
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 341.8 341.8
3 0.0 0.0 0.0 328.6 328.6
4 0.0 0.0 0.0 316.4 316.4
5 0.0 0.0 0.0 305.0 305.0
o 0.0 0.0 0.0 294.1 294.1
7 61.9 6.2 55.7 297.0 303.1
I 278.9 27.9 251.0 338.9 366.8
I 464.4 46.4 418.0 391.2 437.6
10 680.7 68.1 612.7 457.1 525.2
11 1139.7 114.0 1025.8 583.2 697.2
12 1721.4 172.1 1549.2 763.0 935.1
13 2140.2 214.0 1926.2 935.3 1149.3
14 2255.4 225.5 2029.8 1046.5 1272.0
15 2046.8 204.7 1842 1 1067.8 1272 4
to 1551.0 1 55.1 1395.9 991 0 1146.1
17 978.1 97.8 880.3 853.6 951.4
18 592.5 59.2 533.2 723.9 783.1
19 413.9 41.4 372.6 633.6 675.0
20 223.4 22.3 201.1 551.8 574.1
21 5.0 0.5 4.5 465.4 465.9
22 0.0 0.0 0.0 421.3 421.3
23 0.0
----
0.0 393.5 393.5
24 0.0 0.0
..--o.0
373.0 373.0
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L
(E
o
J
2500.0
2000.0
I 500.0
1 000.0
500.0
0.0
--l_Solar eat Gain (Btu/hr)
,--x-
Cooling Load
8-45
167
Hour
lnternal
Heat Gain
(w)
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
(V
I 200.0 100.0 100.0 125.3 225.3
2 200.0 100.0 100.0 116.6 216.6
3 200.0 100.0 100.0 111.O 211.0
4 200.0 100.0 100.0 107.3 207.3
5 20.0 100.0 100.0 105.0 205.0
6 200.0 100.0 100.0 103.4 203.4
7 200.0 100.0 100.0 102.4 202.4
2000.0 100.0 1000.0 566.7 1566.7
I 2000.0 1000.0 1000.0 753.8 1753.8
10 2000.0 1000.0 1000.0 85'1.1 1 851 .1
11 2000. 10.
'10.
906.9 1906.9
12 2000.0 1000.0 1000.0 940.8 1940.8
13 200.0 1000.0 1000.0 962.1 1962.1
14 2000.0 100.0 1000.0 975.6 1975.6
15 2000.0 1000.0 1000.0 984.3 1984.3
16 2000.0 1000.0 1000.0 990.0 1990.0
17 2000.0 1000.0 1000.0 993.6 1993.6
18 200. 1000.0 1000.0 996.0 1996.0
19 200.0 100.0 100.0 532.6 632.6
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students enolled in ourses for which th tetbook has been adopted. ny her reproduction or trnstion of this rk beyond h permitted
bySectins 07 or 08of he ]976UniedSttesCpyrightctwithutthepermissinf thecpyrighownerisunlcrful.
20 200.0 100.0 100.0 346.2 446.2
21 200.0 100.0 100. 249.2 349.2
22 200.0 100. 10. 193.6 293.6
23 200.0 100.0 100.0 159.9 259.9
24 200.0 100.0 100.0 138.7 238.7
'168
2500.0
2000.0
1500.0
+- lnternal l-1eat Gain (W)
*x-
Cooling Load (\/)
Hour
lnternal
Heat Gain
rw)
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
(w)
1 200.0 100.0 100.0 405.'1 505.1
2 200. 1.0
'100.0
392.9 492.9
3 20. 100.0 100.0 381.7 481.7
4 200.0 100.0 100.0 371.2 471.2
5 200.0 100.0 100.0 361.3 461.3
6 200.0 100.0 100.0 352.1 452.1
7 200.0 100.0 100.0 343.3 443.3
I 2000.0 1000.0 1000.0 518.9 15'18.9
o
2000.0 1000.0 1000.0 562.8 1562.8
10 2000.0 1000.0 100.0 59.6 1590.6
11 2000.0 1000.0 1000.0 612.3 1612.3
12 2000.0 100. 100. 630.8 1 630.8
'13
2000.0 1000.0 1000.0 647.1 1647.1
14 2000.0 10.0 1000.0 661.9 1661.9
xets from this work may be reproduced by instuctors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enroled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny oher reprductn or rnsl(tion of his work beyond tht permied
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'6
o
(!
()
o
(
o
J
8-46
'169
15 2000' 100.0 1000.0 675.5 1675.5
16 2000.0 1000.0 1000.0 688.2
'1688.2
17 2000.0 1000.0 1000.0 700.0 1700.0
18 2000.0 1000.0 1000.0 711 .1 1711 .1
19 200.0 100.0 100.0 537.6 637.6
20 200.0 100.0 100. 495.7 595.7
21 20. 100.0 10. 469.9 569.9
22 200.0 100.0 100.0 449.9 549.9
23 200.0 100.0 100.0 433.2 533.2
24 200.0 100.0 100. 418.4 518.4
Gooling Loads and Heat Gains
2500.0
200.0
1500.0
1000.0
500.0
0.0
---- lnternal Fleat Gain (W1
*-s*
ooling Load (W)
&-x**
*
; :. .::l L-.*
cerpts tiom this ork may be reprodued by instructrs for distributin on a not_for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enroled in ouses 1br whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or trnson of this work beyond h permied
by Secins ]07 or ]08 fhe 976 Lnited SteS Cpyright c ihou he permiSSin fhe copyrigh oner is unlwful'
(!
o
,
:=
o
o
o
,
(,
a'
'6
(,
)
-t-
170
8-47
Gomparison of LW and M/ 1 Zone Responses
2000.0
1500.0
1000.0
50.
*.
\
\
5**+-
--'.
_
l)*
':'*
^__x
--r-- lnternal Heat Gain
)
_--.*
MW1 Zone Clg. Ld
v)
-_.*- W Zone Clg. Ld. (W)
23 21 19 17 15 11
'13
Hour
As shown in the figure, there is a signifrcant difference in the response of
the two Zones, with the W zone having substantiatly more damping and
time delay.
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students enrolled in courses fr whih th textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproclucin or rnsionbf hs work beyod ih permied
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171
8-48
Assumptions applied to each heat gain are discussed in the solution to
Probem 8-15. The equipment heat gain is assumed to be continuous. The
total convective and radiative heat gains are determined in the folowing
table. he atent cooing oads are equivalent to the latent heat gains
shown in the last column.
Name:
99p]9_
Lihtino Euipment otal
Total
Radiative
Total
Convective
Latent
from
People
Radiative
Fraction: 0.7 0.59 0.2
llor
eat
Gain
(\/)
eat
Gain
/w)
Heat Gain
(w)
Heat
Gain
(W)
Heat
Gain
(W)
Heat Gain
r
Heat
Gain
(w)
1 0 0 4000 4000 800 320C) 0
2 U 0 4000 4000 800 320 0
3 0 0 400 4000 800 3200 0
4 0 4000 400 800 3200 0
5 0 0 4000 4000 800 3200 0
6 0 0 4000 4000 800 3200 0
7 0 4000 4000 800 3200
n
o 2160 4800 4000 1 0960 5144 581 6 1 350
I 2160 4800 400 1 0960 5144 581 6 1 350
10 2160 4800 4000 1 0960 5144 581 6 1 350
11 2160 4800 4000 1 0960 5144 5816 1 350
12 2160 4800 4000 1 0960 5144 581 6 1 350
13 2160 4800 4000 1 0960 5144 581 6 1 350
14 2160 4800 4000 1 0960 5144 581 6 1 35
15 2160 48CI0 4000 1 960 5144 5816 1 350
16 2160 4800 4000 1 0960 5144 581 6 1 350
17 2160 4800 4000 1 0960 5144 58l 6 1 350
18 0 4800 4000 8800 3632 5168 0
19 0 0 4000 4000 800 3200 0
20 U
n
4000 400 80 320 0
21 0 4000 400 800 3200 0
22 0 40 400 800 3200 0
23 0 0 4000 4000 800 3200 0
24 0 0 4000 4000 800 320 0
The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective
heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from able 8-
21, as shown in the next table.
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suderrts en:-olled it- lrses fr hich the tebook has ben adptd. l;l er reprdction or trnslcio cf his 'ork beyond h
erfrited
by Sectils ] 07 r 08 f he 97 6 Unied SteS Copyrigh c ihou le
ernission
f the cpyrigh '!'ner iS unl.ful'
172
Hour
lnternal
Heat Gain
(w)
Convective
G
Radiative
HG
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
(w)
1 4000.0 320.0 800.0 2218.4 5418.4
2 4000.0 3200.0 800.0 2162.5 5362.5
3 4000.0 3200.0 800.0 2110.6 5310.6
4 400.0 3200.0 800.0 2062.1 5262.1
5 4000.0 3200.0 800.0 2016.7 5216.7
6 4000.0 3200.0 800.0 1973.8 5173.8
7 4000.0 3200.0 800.0 1933.3 5133.3
8 10960.0 5816.0 5144.0 2782.4 8598.4
9 10960.0 5816.0 5144.0 2996.'1 8812.1
10 10960.0 5816.0 5144.0 3131.2 8947.2
11 10960.0 5816.0 5144.0 3237.5 9053.5
12 10960.0 5816.0 5144.0 3328. 9144.0
'13
10960.0 5816.0 5144.0 3408.1 9224.1
14 1096.0 5816.0 5144.0 3480.7 9296.7
15 10960.0 5816.0 5144.0 3547.6 9363.6
16
'10960.0
58 1 6.0 5144.0 3609.6 9425.6
17 10960.0 5816.0 5144.0 J OO /. / 9483.7
18 880'0 5168.0 3632.0 3413.3 8581.3
'19
4000.0 3200.0 800.0 2799.1 5999.1
20 4000.0 320.0 80.0 2625.5 5825.5
21 4000.0 3200.0 800.0 2512.4 5712.4
22 4000.0 3200.0 800.0 2422.9 5622.9
23 4000.0 3200.0 800.0 2346.8 5546.8
24 4000.0 3200.0 800.0 2279.4 5479.4
'6
o
,
o
J
1200.0
10000.0
8000.0
6000.0
4000.0
2000.0
0.0
xets fiom this wok may be reproduced by instructofs for distrlbution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposs only to
students enrolled in ouses fo which th textbok has been adopted' ny other reprducion or trnsion of this rk beyond ht permited
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8-49
173
Assumptions applied to each heat gain are discussed in the solution to
Problem 8-'16. The equipment heat gain is assumed to be continuous; the
lighting heat gain is assumed to occur from 8 a.m.-6 p.m. The total
convective and radiative heat gains are determined in the following table.
The latent cooling oads are equivalent to the latent heat gains shown in the
last column.
Name: People Liohtin Eioment Total
otal
Radiative
Total
Convective
Latent
from
Pete
Radiative
Fraction: 0.7 .59 0.2
Hour
Heat
Gain
(w)
Heat
Gain
(w)
Heat Gain
rw)
Heat
Gain
(W)
Heat
Gain
(W)
eat Gain
/\
Heat
Gain
(w)
1 0 0 700 70 1400 5600 0
2 0 7000 7000 1400 5600 0
3 0 0 7000 700 1400 5600 0
4 0 0 7000 7000 1400 5600 0
5 U 0 7000 700 1400 5600 0
6 0 0 7000 7000 1400 560 0
7 0 0 7000 700 140 5600 0
I 2835 5625 7000 1 5460 6703.25 8756.75 2835
9 2835 5625 7000 1 5460 6703.25 8756.75 2835
't0
2835 5625 7000 1 5460 6703.25 8756.75 2835
11 2835 5625 700 1 5460 6703.25 8756.75 2835
12 2835 5625 7000 1 5460 6703.25 8756.75 2835
13 2835 5625 7000 1 5460 6703.25 8756.75 2835
14 2835 5625 7000 1 5460 6703.25 8756.75 2835
15 2835 5625 7000 1 5460 6703.25 8756.75 2835
'16
2835 5625 7000 1 5460 6703,25 8756.75 2835
17 2835 5625 7000
'15460
6703.25 8756.75 2835
18 0 5625 700 12625 4718.75 7906.25 0
19 0 0 7000 7000 1 400 5600 0
20 0 0 7000 7000 1400 5600 0
21 0 0 7000 7000 1400 5600 0
22 0 7000 7000 1 400 5600 0
23 0 7000 700 1400 5600
24 0 0 7000 7000 1400 5600 0
The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective
heat gains using quation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from able 8-
21
,
as shown in the next table.
EXcetS fm this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not_for_prfit basis or testing or instructional puoses only to
students enro|led in courses for whih the textbok has been adopted. ny her reproduction or rnslin f this ork beyond tht permited
by Secions ]07 or ]08 ofthe 976 Lnied Sttes Cpyright ctlithut the permissin fhe cpyright oner is unlful.
174
Hour
lnternal
Heat Gain
(w)
Convective
G
Radiative
HG
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
(w)
1 7000.0 5600.0 1400.0 2888.2 8488.2
2 7000. 5600.0
1400.0 2830.6 8430.6
3 7000.0 5600.0 1 400.0 2777.5 8377,5
4 7000.0 5600.0
140.0 2727.8 8327.8
5 7000. 5600.0 140.0 2680.7 8280.7
6 7000.0 5600.0 1 400.0 2635.8 8235.8
7 7000. 5600.0 140.0 2592.7 8192.7
8 15460.0 8756.8 6703.3 3814.6 12571.3
9 15460.0 8756.8
6703.3 4292.6 13049.3
10 15460.0 8756.8 6703.3 4539.8 13296.5
11 15460.0 8756.8 6703.3 4694.4 13451.2
12 15460.0 8756.8 6703.3 4806.9 13563.6
'13
1546.0 8756.8 6703.3
4897.4 13654.2
14 15460.0 8756.8 6703.3 4975.3 13732.1
15 15460.0 8756.8
6703.3 5045.3 13802.0
o 15460.0 8756.8 6703.3 5109.7 13866.5
17 15460.0 8756.8 6703.3 5170.2
'13926.9
'18
12625.0 7906.3 4718.8 4754.8 12661.0
19 7000.0 5600.0 1400.0 3825.2 9425.2
20 7000.0 5600.0 1400.0 3446.7 9046.7
21 7000.0 5600.0 1400.0 3246.7 8846.7
22 7000.0 5600.0 1400.0 31 19.9 8719.9
23 7000.0 5600.0 1400.0 3027.2 8627.2
24 7000.0 5600.0 1400.0 2952.4 8552.4
'6
(!
q)
oE
IE
o
J
18000.0
16000.0
14000.0
'12000.0
10000.0
8000.0
600.0
4000.0
2000.0
0.0
---G- lnternal Fteat Gain (W;
*x*
Cooling Load ()
xcerpts tio this work may be reproduced by instuctors f distribution n a not-for-profit basis for tsting or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses tbr which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprodc'tin or trnson of ths ork beyond ht permitted
iysr,iton, 107 r ]0Bf the 1976J nitedSttesCopyrighctlithoutthipermissinof
thecopyrightonerisunful'
8-50
175
Heat gain to the space
=
0.8 x 6000 W
=
4800 W, assumed 59% radiative,
41o/o convective, from able 8-20' The sensible loads are then determined
from the radiative and convective heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the
radiant time factors from Table 8-21, as shown below. here are no latent
cooling loads.
our
lnternal
Heat Gain
(w)
Convective
G
Radiative
HG
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
(w)
1 0.0 0.0 0.0 79.8 79.8
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 52.4 52.4
3 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.7 34.7
4 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.1 23.1
5 0.0 0.0 0.0
'15.6
15.6
6 4800.0 1968.0 2832.0 1473.9 3441.9
7 4800.0 1968.0 2832.4 2060.5 4028.5
8 4800.0 1968.0 2832.0 2365.5 4333.5
9 4800.0 1968.0 2832.0 2540.5 4508.5
10 4800.0 1968,0 2832.0 2646.7 4614.7
11 4800.0 1968.0 2832.0 2713.2 4681.2
12 4800.0
'1968.0
2832.0 2755.6 4723.6
13 4800.0 1968.0 2832.0 2782.9 4750.9
14 4800.0 1968.0 2832.0 2800.5 4768.5
15 4800.0 1968.0 2832.0 2812.0 4780.0
16 4800.0 1968.0 2832.0 2819.5 4787.5
17 4800.0 1968.0 2832.0 2824.3 4792.3
18 480.0 1968.0 2832.0 2827.5 4795.5
't9
0.0 0.0 0.0 1366.5 1366.5
20 0.0 0.0 0.0 777.9 777.9
21 0.0 0.0 0.0 471.8 471.8
22 0.0 0.0 0.0 296.0 296.0
23 0.0 0.0 0.0 189.3 189.3
24 0.0 0.0 0.0 122.5 122.5
A plot showing the lighting heat gain and resuting cooling loads follows.
Excerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution n a not-for-pro1it basis 1br testing r instrutional puoses ony to-
students enoled in courses tbr hih the tsxtbook has been adopted. ny ther reproclucion or trnston f this ork beynd ht permited
by Secion 107 r ]08 ofthe 976 United Saes Copyri?h c1|,ithou the permission ofhe copyrigh olner is unlful.
176
t-
6000.0
5000.0
4000.0
3000.0
,6
o
l,
o
J
--{- |nternal Fleat Gain (\l)
___x*
Cooling Load (\/)
57 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Hour
-
8-5'1
The schedule described in problem 8-18 is reduced to the number of
peope present per hour in the table below. Assuming
"Seated, light office
*ork'', the sensible heat
gain per person is 245 Btu/hr (72) and the latent
heat
gain per person is 2bO Btu/hr
(59 W). lnternal heat
gains from
occupants are assumed to be 70o/o radiative. The latent cooling loads are
equivalent
to the latent heat
gains shown in the table.
The sensible loads are then determined
from the radiative and convective
heat
gains using Equation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from Table 8-
21
,
as shown below.
As is readily evident from the
plot, the heavyweight
zone significantly
damps the response to the heat
gains'
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing r nstructional
purposes only to
Studnts enoled in courses fbr which the textbook t-,u, ..n uopt. . ny ther repriucon or rnslion of his work beyond h permied
by Secins ]07 or ]08 ofhe 976 United SeS Copyri?ht cyithou hi permissin fthe copyrigh owner is unlful'
177
Hour
People
resent
lnternal
Heat Gain
(w)
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
(w)
Latent
heat
gain
(\/)
1 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.6 20.6 0
2 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 12.5
3 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.8 7.8 0
4 0 0.0 0.0 .0 5.0 5.0 0
5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 3.4 0
6 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.5 0
7 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 0
I 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.6 0
9 40 2880.0 864.0 2016.0 1021.8 1885.8 2360
10 40 2880.0 864.0 2016.0 1484.5 2348.5 2360
11 60 4320.0 1296.0 3024.0 2233.7 3529.7 3540
12 60 4320.0 1296.0 3024.0 2593.8 3889.8 3540
13 60 4320.0
'1296.0
3024.0 2784.5 4080.5 3540
14 70 5040.0 1512.0 3528.0 3143.9 4655.9 4't30
'15
70 5040.0 1512.0 3528.0 33'17.9 4829.9 4130
16 70 5040.0 1512.0 3528.0 3410.8 4922.8 4130
17 10 720.0 216.0 504.0 1931 .3 2147.3 590
18 0 0.0 .0 0.0 1010.7 1010.7 0
19 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 552.7 552.7 0
20 0 0.0 .0 0.0 309.2 309.2 0
21 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175.8 175.8 0
22 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 101.1 101.1 0
23 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.8 58.8 0
24 0 .0 0.0 0.0 34.6 34.6 0
'
,
o
J
6000.0
5000.0
4000.0
3000.0
200.0
1000.0
--*- lnternal Heat Gain (W1
*-s*
Cooling Load (W)
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students enrolled in course s for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducin or rnsion of hs ork beyond ht permited
by Secins ] 07 or ] 08 f the 97 6
(J nitecl
Ses Copyrgh c |ihu the permissin f he copyright wner is unlfu.
178
Solution to be provided
by an instructor.
Excerpts
from this wrk may be reprduced
by instru:lor:.fo,
distribution
on a not-for-profit
basis for
testing or instrutional
purposes on1y stues
enr1led
i,
"or.r"s
for which
the textbok
has been
adopted.
ny other repiodction
"y
""ititi"
o}ths
ork beyo'nd
tht permitted
by Sections
]07 or 10B
of the 1976
(J nitecl itotus
Copyright
ct
'iin,
the permission-o/'u
copyrgit
owner is unlwful'
h'uouurt, for
permission
or
further
nfrmtionilroua
i" oaarrrruio
he Piimiision
Deprtment,
J ohn
'';i,;;;'';:"{,-i",
il l Riir Street'
Hoboken'
NJ 07030'
CHAPTER
9
From
Table
9-1, the number
of average
degree
day is 6283'
From
Fig. 9-1,
Co
=
0'60
Using
q' 9-2,
f-
Or F
=
438.7
mcf of natural
gas
=
438,727
std ft3
=
102,867
kw-hr
(24hr l dy)(6283'
F
_
dy)\2-^2-^1000
tu l hr)(}'60)
(0
(7_
12"tr)(10
\tu l stdff)
f-
(24hrldy)(6283'F_dy)(-^?5,000tulhr)(0'60)
(1 J )
ql
o
_z'
r)aL2tu
l kW
_
hr)
$Elec =
102,867(0.1
O)
= $1
0'287
$Gas =
438.7(4.5) = $1,974
Sec_$Gs
|0287_974
=
4.2
$Gs
914
or the electric
cost is about
5'2 times
as much'
(1 02,s 67 k-t4l
_
hD
a l
!u_
l kY-'
hr)
@at)(000stdff
lm
Source
energy
using
eec' =
=
1063'6
mcf
Source
energy
using
gas
=
438'7
mcf
>_-
9-3
9-4
S,_SG
1063.6
_438'7
"o,"ff=-tiU
-
=
1.42
That is ele. heat uSeS 242%
more Source
energy'
The following
are information
for Washington'
DU'
From
Table
g-l,1he
number
of average
degree
day is 4224'
From Fig. 9-1
,
CD= O'62'
From
Table
B-1a,
the outdoor
temperature
is 20 "F'
Forenergyefficientfurnace,assume85o/oeffiiencyfactor,
Using
q' 9-2,
04hr l d )(4224"
F
_
dy)(|20'000t
u l hr)(0'62\
,-,
-
,
'o'=177,468stdft3
"
=
-10.85X7O_
20"trX1O00tu
l stdft3)
Or F
=
177 .5 mcf of natural
gas
Qro"
=
ato
+
5
120,OO0=a(20)+b
g=2(gQ)+b
12,ooQ =(20
_60)a
a
=
-3OOO, b
=
180,000
Q uo" =
180,000
-
3'000
to
8o.
= Qrn - Qnt
=
18O'oOO
-
3'Oo0 to
-
20'00
o"
=
160,000
_
3,000
to
Exets from this work may be reprduced by instrutrs for distribution on a not-'br-pro'it
basis for testing or instructional
puosS only to
studnts enrolled in courses to. w,-' the txtbook r-,* *.
""pi..
-
-ny oher *p-a""ri"]r'i,oô*7
*is wor-k beyond ht permited
by Secions ]07 or 108 o7 m, l'oii'ii'ri,',r,
copyrgn,
'a}i:i';;u'
i'!
irr'*i"
of he copyright oner is unlful'
Load Profiles
1 80000
-
160000

toooo
t_
l z000
lo
6
j
soooo
E' 6oooo
3
4oooo

2OoOo
0
30 4o
Outdoor
TemP, "F
9-5
186
9-6
Group
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
lll
ll lVVVl
shift 2
shift 1
1481012162024
Hour
ssumes Sunday and Saturday in shift 2
See Table 9-2
Ecets from his wrk may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution n a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only t
students enrolled in courses for whrch the textbook has been adopted- ny other reprodiction or rcnsion f this wrk beyond ht permited
bySecins ]07 r ]08of the 976(J nitedSteSCopyrightcthoutthepermissionof
hecopyrighowneriSunlfu.
Group
shift 1
hrs in
ea.
qp
shift 1
Days in
ea.
qp.
Total
shift 1
hrs ea.
qp
Total
hrs in
ea. p.
Frac. of
shift 1
hrs ea.
gp
Frac. of
hrs in
ea.
qp.
I
il
t
IV
V
VI
0
0
2
4
4
4
0
0
5
5
5
5
0
0
1
20
20
20
28
28
28
28
28
28
0.0
0.0
0.36
0.71
0.71
0.71
'1.0
1.0
0.64
0.29
0.29
0.29
lo/
9-6 (Cont.)
9-9
9-7
9-8
The procedure is the same as Problem 9-6. Use appropriate bin data from
pp. B in last step as per Table 9-3.
Refer to xample 9-2, insert shift hours of Problem 9-6 in column 2 and 3
of Table 9-5 and recalculate.
Reconstruct able-9-3 for the appropriate city to obtain Shift A and Shift B
hours. lnsert the hours in columns 2 and 3 of Table 9-5 and recalculate.
Exets from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not_for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional purposes only to
students eno11ed in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or rnsltion of this work beyond h permtted
by Secins ] 07 or 1 08 of he 1 976 Uned SeS Cpyrigh ct ithut he permission of the copyrigh lner is unlful.
Bin.
Temp
Shift t hrs in each Group
lII III IVVVI
shift I
hrs
shift 2
hrs
62
57
52
47
42
37
32
27
22
17
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
34
38
49
36
35
32
27
10
I
6
1
96
77
67
47
48
38
28
17
12
1
0
68
82
94
62
65
54
36
17
16
4
0
69
58
86
87
99
75
66
28
22
11
1
267
255
296
232
247
199
157
72
58
22
2
375
346
388
337
420
422
347
157
113
73
16
Tota: 1807 2994
188
9-10
Reconstruct Table 9-3 using the shift hour fractions from Problem 9-6 and
bin hours and temperatures for the appropriate city. lnsert the shift hours
in column 2 and 3 of Table 9-5 and bin temperatures in column 1 and
recalculate.
9-1 1
Solution furnished by an instructor.
'/'''
Exets from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproduction r trnstion of this 'rk beyond ht permitted
by Secions ] 07 or 108 ofhe 976 [J nied Ses Copyrigh c ithout the permission ofthe copyrigh oner is unlful.
Exets from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distributin on a not-for-prfit basis fr
testing or instrutinal puoses only to students enrolled in courses fr which the textbook has been
adpted. ny other reproduction or trnsltion of this wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections 107 or
0B of the 1976 J nited Sttes Copyright ct without the permission f the copyright ov)ner is unlwful.
Requests
for
permission or
further
informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment,
J ohn Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030'
CHAPTER 1O
1O-1. (a)
',*
o+
+
_Pz+'
+
Zz+ Wp
+

tt, Vl
=
VziZ=z
neglect (!
iz;
Wp
=
-, g/g/"
=
-80 (ft
-
lbf)/lbm
Pz
=
Pl
+
Wp
=
20
+
62.4(80)1144
=
54.7 psig
Ps
=
Pz -
Ps_ U:)rg=
54.7
_
(62'4 X 50)/1 44
_
(20 x 62'41144)
Pg= 54.7
_
3.3
=
24'4 psig
P=Pz-
PZ-((izg_
(1't)g+
=54.7
ffiX25)
(#)(20+
'15)
=
28.7 psig
(b) Neglecting the pump, the pressure or head required for this pipe is:
P
=
28'7 - 20 psi or P
=
8.7 psi
20.1 ft.
Note:
20 1
This is the
characteristic
for only part
of the total
system.
150
(8 x 2.31)
-
250
+
30
+
300
=
I
87I
lo
t-
l
l
l)
|
0L_
oa
10-2. l
=
Hz
*

+ (.
trZz=
190
'10-3.
10-4.
10-5. (a)l=al+Z
Hz=zQz+z
Series Connection
Ql=Qz;Sum
l_z=Hp+ !,t+z=0
H^
=
-
('-2,
=
-25- 300
=
-325ft: H^
=
325ft of head
=
970 kPa
100
l
=
98.5 ft of water
P
=
42'6 psig 294 kPa
J t
H2
z2
Hq
5o
75
L
I
U
(
.)
-c.
z
a a
H=lr
xcerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br distribution on a not-for-proit basis for testing or instrutinal puoses only to
students enolled in ourses for vhih the textbook has been adoted' ny her reproducion or rnsion of his rk beyond h
permitted by Sections ]07 or 08 ofhe ]976 United Ses Copyrighctwithou the permissin fhe copyrigh oner is unfu.
( +
)+
12
+ 1b
191
H=Hl
*Hz
=Qz(a+Az)+G+zz)
Parallel Connection
Hl
=
z, =ZzorZ=0
Sum Q
a
4.026
10-6.
12
Ql=
Ê,z= Ê
Yar Yaz
Q = Q
l
+
Q
r=
J H_(J il
q *
^[-
)
.
6ra*M)'
+
t
t=f!Y1 ;
V
=
6. 3ft/sec, L
=
3OO ft, D
=
'
D2g
Referring to Figures 10-2a and 1 0-2b
Re
=
D
_
62'4(1 .04)6'30(4'026 l12)
=
75,696

(2'7 11490)

=
0.00015 ft; Table 10-1
/d=o.ooo1 5"
12
4.026
/D
=
0.00045; f
=
0'022 Fig. 10-1
/3OO)
(6.30)2
(
,
=
0.022
\'
=
12.1 ft of 30o/o E.G.sol.
(4.026 t 12) 2(32.17)
=
12.6 ft of water
:
38 kPa
-'.---
Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for djstribution on a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses or which the textbook has been adoped' ny ther reproduction or rnstion of his ork beyond h
permitted by Secions ] 07 or 1 08 of the ] 976 United Stes Cpyright ct ithou he permission of he copyright wner is unlful.
192
10-7. (a)
so
(
925
J -
Qn =
48 gpm;
28ft
Qn =
60 gpm
Qs
=
32 gpm
Qc =
41 gpm
100
gpm
Qs =
24 gpm;
Qc
=
32 gpm;
125 gpm
a2
125 150
(b)
(c)
(d)
10-8.
}
_
Refer to Problem 10-7;
=
z
_
0
(a) Hn= uoQi, n=
9= +
=O.9O8O
ai 50'
Hs
=
auQ3, s
=
9=
=
=
o'o278
a6 30'
Hc
=
a.Q3, c
=
+=+
=o.O'148
aa 45'
H-
02
(^n/o!o8
+
J t oza +
J .roua)2
645.06
=
0.001 55Q2
(b)
Q =
100 gpm; H
=
O.OO155 x (1OO), - 1S.5 ft
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a nt-for-prfit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to
students enro]ed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproduction or rnsltion of this work beyoncl h
permiedbySectins 07 or l08 of he ]976LlniedSalesCpyrightct]ihouhepermissionf
he copyrighnerisunlfu.
193
Hn
=
Hs
=
c
=
'l5.5
ft
Qn=
J /r
=.,/l55/O.OO8 =44gpm
Q
g
=
.'m
lo'o2?8
=
23'6
pm
Qc = J ss/oJ l4g
=
32.4 gom
(c) From (a) above. H
=
0.001 55(12q2
=
24.2 tt
Qn=
=55qpm
Qg
= J 2lo278 =
29.5 gpm
Qc
= J %2to148 =
4O.4
qpm
e
=
125 gpm
1o-9. Q =
CA
r|2g"(P,
_Pr)l''''
D2
=84.8 =
O.55
'--L

-]
'D1
154.1
v'vv
aSSume C
=
0.638 using Fig. 10-9;
Ar=

(O.os4s)2
=
O.00565 m2
-4
P_Pz
=
O.O98(13.55)9.s
=
13.O13 J /kg
Q
=
0.63S(0.0056 5)t2(13,013)11/2
=
0.0184 m3/s x
292 gpm
V
z =
3.26 m/s; Re -
999(3'26)(0:085)
=
1.98 x'105
1.4x10-3
C6
^:
0.638 From Fig. 10-9.
herefore the original assumption is satisfactory.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses tbr which the textbook has been adoped' ny ther reprduction or rnslaon of his ori beyond-th
permitted by Secions ] 07 or 0B of he ] 976 United Ses Cpyrigh ct wihu the permissin of he copyrigh ner is unwful.
194
1o-1o. (a)V..
= 2g"
(Po,
_,ll"'
_|z
x s?' x o.os x
L-" [ )] L 0
+91x 144)
144
1t2
=3.97
ft/sec
Table A-1a;

=
59'83 lbm/ft3
(b)rir
= VA(O.
821= 59.83 x 3.97
r+][q''l2
* o.z
4r
12
)
rh
=
39 lbm/sec or 140,674 lbm/hr
10-11 (a)
Read from Fig. 10-11a at 35 ft and
'125
gpm, W.
=
'1.6
HP
Q =
180 gpm, H,
=
20 ft; 1.8 P
his is actually out of the operating range of the pump and the
efficiency is very low. ln situations like this there is a danger of
overloading the pump motor; however, that does not appear to be
a problem in this case since the motor is probably a 2HP model.
xcerpts from this work may be reprodced by instrutors for distribution on a not_fr-profit basts for testing or instrutional purpses only to
students enrlled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adpted. ny other reprodctin r rnslion f his work beyond tht
permied by Sections ]07 or 08 fhe 1976 Uned Stes Copyrightct1|ihout he permissin fthe copyrigh oner is unlcrlful.
40
#
35
T2s
(b)
(c)
(d)
195
10-12. NPSHR
=
NPSHA
=
to
20='u
12
NPSH
=
20 ft (Figure 10_1 1b)
[e"e")
-2,-r,-
f&9"]
\ g / g)
(
l'sox
t_
\
az.z
13.55x62.4
-"_2_
44
62.2
"=32'85_20_2_1'17
=
9.68 ft; (2.)rr,
=
9.68 ft
'10-13.
(a) 231 gpm,
p
=
73'4%
W,
=
12* tlP
(b) 225 gpm
o
=
73
'3o/o
W,
=
12- P
10-14.
, =
73.3o; W,
=
11. 5 HP
225 gpm;
'185
ft of head
r=73.5%;Ws=14P
(c)
o=
73o/o, W.
=
14 P
225 231
gpm
10-15 From Problem 10-14b, the original system defined by 225 gpm and 149
ft of head and would operate at 242 gpm, 173 ft of head and require
14.4 HP with the 7in impellor. hen,
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students enrolled in urses for which the textbook has been adopled' ny her reproducion or rnsion f his wrk beynd th
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_. _
200
140
100
185
149
(a)
(b)
196
Pln= 35o[+.l
=3o37
\242 )
H^
=
3
(go37
)'
=
l3O ft
"
3500/
w^ 1 4.4(s037)'
=
e.4 HP
"
3500,
The fficiency woud not Chan ge,74.2o
1o-16 Dn
=
"r(#)=
7(o e7)
=
6 8 in
Hn
=
*,
()'
=
173 (o'g44)= 163 ft

1. .[)u
=
14'4(o'g17)
=
13 2 P
The fficiency would not Chan ge,74.2o
10-17. Uses Fig. 1 0-20 or program PIPE
(a) 25 gm; 1 % in., V
<
4 ftlsec,2in dia. or less
(b) 40 gpm; 2in. V
<
4 fVsec,2in dia. or less
(c) 15 gpm; 1in., v
<
4 fUsec, 2in dia. or less
(d) 60 gm;2% in', '(,'1< 4 pVsec;
dia
>
2 in.
(e) 2OO gpm;
g
%in.,
.(,'1<
4 ftllOO pUsec; dia
>
2in.
( 2ooo gpm; 8 in., /1 slightly
>
4 ftl1oo ft
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students enroled in courses tbr which the textbook has been adopted' ny her reproduction or trnsion of this ork beyond h
permied by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he ] 97 6 Unted Ses Copyrigh c ithu the permission of he cp,'igh ner is unlwful.
197
1-18. (a) K
=
30 ft, ft
=
0.019; K
=
0.57 (Table 10-2; Figure 10-22a)
V
=
3.82 fVsec; !
r =
0'57(3'822l2.2x2)= O.13 ft
(b) K
=
340 ft, ft= 0.017; K
=
5.78
V
=
5.0 f/sec; !
r =
5.78 x 5.02t132.2 x2)
=
2.24 ft
(c) K= 60ft, ft= 0.018; K
=
1.08
V
=
6.5 ft/sec; !
r=
1.08 x 6.52t(2x32.2)
=
0.71 ft
'10-1e.
!
r =
2.31
(#)'
=
10.8 ft of water or 4.7 psi.
10-20. Assume com. stl. pipe
Q =
O.O3 mt/s
=
108 m3/hr, size pipe for about 4 mllOO m
From Fig. 10-20, use 5 inch pipe, lD
=
130 mm
nt
-
a,
'
f
_
..25 ml100 m; [1= (3'251100)200
=
6.5 m of water or 63.7 kPa
Pg
=
35 kPa
o-99-1'
=
7
'27
kPa For strainer. P" - |
'
"
1
0.00722
J
Then for the pump:
Pp
=
63.7
+
35
+
'17
.3
+
3(1000)(9 .807)11000
=
145'4 kPa
p
=
145.419'807
=
14.8 m
Q =
O.O3 mu/s
-
30 L/s
10-21. Size the pipe using Fig. 10-20 or program PIPE. Fitting equivalent
lengths found using Fig. 10-22a; 10-22b and able 10-2' Program
PPE could be used to solve the complete problem including fitting
losses. Data for hard calculations are summarized below:
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students enroled in ourses or whih the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproducion or rnstion of his ork beyond ht
permitted by Sections ]07 or 08 ofhe 976 Unied SleS Cpyright clihu he permission ofhe cpyrigh oner is unful.
L
ro(3)
I o(3)
lO(3)
/o\
1ot3]

\:-/
198
] 55)
Sec.
No.
qpm
it
ft./'100 ft
Le
ft.
t
ft.
Con.
Valve ft.
Coil
ft.
otal
ft.
stze tn.
1
120
3.38 45 1.5
1.5
3
5
70
3.64
'15
0.6
0.6
2.5
6
40
3.'1 24 0.7 11.4 12.1
2
7
40
3.'1 13 0.4 12.0 12.4
2
4
90
5.84 27 1.6
1.6
2.5
10
120
3.38 42 1.4
1.4
3
2
5
4.7 22 1 10.0 11.0
2
3
50
4.7 26 1.2
10.0 11.2
2
I
30
6.3 28 1.8 14.4 16.2
1.5
9
30
6.3 13 0.8 15.0 15.8
1.5
ch 120
20
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students enrol]ed in courses or whih the tXtbook has been adopted' ny her reproducin or trisltin of his ori beyoncl h
permitted by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he ] 976
(nted
SeS Copyrigh ct wihut the peimission f he cpyrigh ower is uncnful.
199
The head losses for
same.
the three parallel
runs are approximately
the
For run (1-5-6-Z-4-10),
Hp
=
49.6 ft
For run (1-5-S-g-10),
Hp
=
55.5 ft
For run (1-2-3-4-10),
Hp
=
46J ft
Therefore,
a pump
should be selected to provide
about 56 ft of head at
120 gpm.
10-22. 500 gpm,
Use 5 inch pipe;
!'f
=
4.17 fil1OO ft
V
=
8.0 ftlsec
Length of pipe
=
160
+
3O
+
12
=
202 ft
6-5 in elbows
=
,lS
ft (Figure
10_22)
3-5 in gate
valve
=
12 ft
1-5 in gobe
valve
=
130 ft; Total equivalent length
=
419 ft
. 4.17(41e\
/,
= -_1}-J
"/
=
17
'5
ft of water
For strainer: !
"=
2.31
[#)'
=
e.24ft of water
For cond | !
"o
=
20 ft of water
hen Hp
=
17
'5
+
9.24
+
20
+
(3o
_
12)
=
64.7 ft at 5OO gpm
10-23'Use q. 10-33
L
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students enrolled in ourses fr which the textbook has been adopted ny her eprdacton or rq'nsion of his ork beynd th
permied by Sections ] 07 or 08 of he 1 976 United Ses Cpyright ct ihut he peimission of the cpy.igh owner is unlfu.
,,_ _
6oott*:;*g
-,l) -
3x6 sxlo-u (1,0
-oull
".
-
=
19.4
9a1.
=
74 L
I
gz.g
og.g
]
oo[[9
g
_,'l _
3x6.5x1 o_u (1,, o
_
ou1l
10-24' Use Eq. 10-34 v,
=
L[
0'10zz
)
'-___-_-J

'_
69:%,
Vr-_8.-gal
=
33 L
200
10-25. Use Eq. 10-33
tl
=
60oF, P2= 50 psig,
P1
=
20 psig,
v1
=
O.O1653 ft3/lbm
vz
=
O.O1 6772 ft3/lbm, tz
=
220"F
V=
= _11_5_gal. - 435 L
10-26
(a) Use Eq.
'10-16
P,+
PPz= Pzgzz
+v+g
'g"9c
''
=
ff
(zz-z)+
w
+
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students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted,' ny other reproducton or ffion of his wori beyond-h
permied by Secins ]07 r ]08 fhe 976 L]nied Ses Copyrightcthou he peimission fthe copyrigh ower is untful'
lL
9c
24o t,
P9n
-
LE
9cl
-
(b)
=
#
e4o)
#(60)
+
#
es1=Be
psis
or 61 2 kpa201
P,'+g!=
P2+g2
9c
-
--gc
Pz=P-
t
(z-zz)=89.o -effi
Pz
=
-15 psig
=
-i03
kpa or about o absorute
(c)
No, makeup
water is not available
to overcome
a pressure
of
gg
psig.
However,
the domestic
water system probabry
has a
booster pump.
10-27 (a)
P
=
Pz
*
o*
(zz-z) +

*
9,
9c gc
=
5
+
62.4(240)
144
=Pz+
!9
9c
Pl
=
109 psig
62.4(60)
.
62.4(25)
144
144
'n0.8
Pr
=
93.8 psig
or 647 kpa
(b)
(zz-z)
=
5
*62|(,2ra0)
or 752 kPa
=
5
+
104
=.t09
psig
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basis for testing or instructinal puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the iextbook t-,u. ".n
1dj
-l rir, rpr"a""ron
or rnslion f his work beyond h
permied by Sections ] 07 or 08 of the ] 976 United Stes copyrighi c withu he p,e1mison
of he copyright ner is unlful.
202
10-28
(c) This location is at east workable. owever the pressure at the
pump
is still very high. The domestic service water
pressure
would have to be boosted to a higher pressure at the 2oth
floor.
(oo
, sz)
+
Qo
*Q.
=
x +o)=
(ao
x )
100
(a,
Q=
Solve Simultaneous
57Qb
+ (O x 1OO) - 4OQb
=
100 x47
=

=
41.2 say 41gpm
17
Q. = Q.. =
1OO - 41
=
59 gpm
Size all pipe for 100 gpm
D
=
3 in. from Fig.
'1
0-20 or PIPE
10-29. (a) Each chiller requires 600 gpm. Since chiller 2 is partially loaded it
must have the full flow of 600 gpm.
Therefore, Q"p =
1200
-
750
=
450 gpm
(b) (150
-
60)
+ (450 x 42)
=
600 ts, ts
=
46.5 F
(c) LR
=
150/600
=
0.25
(d) Main pipe to and from sec. Circuits: D
=
8 in. com. stl.
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students enlled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproductin or trnslion of this work beyond h
permited by Sectins ]07 or 08 fhe ]976 United Snes Cpyrighcihu the permissin ofhe copyright oner is unlfu'
ab
(b)
(c)
203
Dns
=
Dco
=
O in. com. sfl. (S in. a litile small)
D"p
=
6 in. com. sfl.
Dsc
=
DRo
=
6 n. com. stl. ( could be 5 in. but easier to make all 6
in.)
(e)
Rpm,
=
PIl
050l12oo) =
35OO(75o/12o0)
=
2188
(
W
=
*#=1-ff
=,l_[ffiJ '
=,
(##)
=
O 756
or 75o/o
10-30. (a)
Q"n
=
12OO
-750 =
450 gpm
(b)
Qrtr
+
Qztz
= Qsts; ,.
=
(450x42)+
(750x60)
=
53.3 F
1200
Both chillers receive the same temp. water
(c) Load ratios are the same:
LR=
##=0628or63%
10-31.
xcerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors fr distribution on a not-for_profit basis fr testing or instrutiona puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny her )eproclucion or rnslin of this rk beyoncl th
permitted by Sectin's

07 or 108 of he ] 976 J nitecl
Sttes Cpyrgh c wthu he pession of the copyright ner is untful.
204
10
(13)
2 2(6) 3 *{s)
T'r^;n
^
!

}iJ J '
**nt*if r
u?
$
Ba*n*s
ve,v*
{typi*aii
Note: Piping is type L copper
10-31.
ll |engths are total equivalent lengths
1*{S}
*{s} s 2(s) 8
**rnnr** pip*
Coil
Fow rate
opm
(L/s)
Lost head ft
(m)
Coil
Con. valve
A
B
c
40(2.5)
40(2.5)
50(3.2)
12(3.7)
15(4.6)
18(5.5)
10(3)
12(3.7)
15(4.6)
(continued)
Section
No. gpm
Dia.
in.
ir
ftl10'
L"
ft
!.r
ft
1-2
2-3
3-4
^,îl
C
130
90
50
3
2%
2
3.7
4.8
5.0
60
20
30
2.2
r; )
355
' he reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not_or-profit basis fortiting or instructionai puoses ony to
hih
the textbook has been adopted' ny oher eprduction r rislin of his wori beyond
-h
''/
United Ses Cpyrigh c ithou he permission of he copyv.ight oer is unlful.
Con. C
4-5
Com. oi
130
0
3
3
3.7
40
15
1.5
0.0 39.2 ft
(tote
2-6
Coil A
Con. A
40
2
3.4
30 1.0
12
10 23 ft
(total)
3-7
Coil B
Con. B
7-8
40
80
2
2%
3.4
3.9
10
20
0.5
15
12
0.8 28.3 ft
(totat)
205
Circuit 1-2-3-4-5-1
is the path
of greatest
lost head. From Fig. 1O-1 1 choose at
40 ftof head and 130 gpm
the 7 in., 1750 rpm model which
froduces
about 43
ft of head.
r
f
*
{}
J
p^q
2
2
lbu]
2(r)3(r}
s*ianc*
vxl*
{typi*ai}
*ntr*i
.
valv*
{ typi*xi}
10-32.
Notes: Ppe is schedule
40, commercial
steel.
ll lengths
are total equivalent lengths
exc|uding
control valves.
Circuit
Flow rate
gpm (L/s)
Control valve
head loss ft
(m)
60(3.8)
40(12)
B
70(4.4\
5(15)
c
70(4.4\
50(15)
t
p,ih-*:y
+*
4Q
PumP
{12)l
t1i
*hill*r
p l ]$} $
''
be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses on1y to
"hih the textbok has been adopted. ny oh-er )eproducin
or rhin o7 tn
'or
beyond th
'976 United Sttes Cpyrigh c ithou the peission
of he copyright ner is unlwful.
206
Section
No. gpm
Dia.
in.
if
ft/'l00'
L"
ft
(.t
ft
1-2
2-3
3-4
Con.
4-1
200
140
70
200
4
3
2%
4
2.4
4.2
3.5
2.4
200
200
240
400
4.8
8.4
8.4
50
9.6 81 .2 ft
(total)
2-5
Con. A
5-4
60
140
2%
3
2.5
4.2
240
200
o
40
8.4 54.4 tt
(total)
3-6
Con. B
70 2% 3.5 40 1.4
50 51.4 ft
(total)
Circuit 1-2-3-4-1 has the largest head loss of al paths. Select pump for 2OO
gpm at 81 ft of head. From Fig. 10-1 1, use: 5' in., 3500 rpm model. Will
operate at 96 ft at 200 gpm.
10-33 (a) qst
=
20 x 12,000 x2= 480,000 Btu
/1 _
gst
480000
=
512.8 ft3
c,
(t,.-t.) 62.4(1) (60-45)
orQ=3,8369a1
(b) Vol
=
513 ft3 ora Space 8 ftx 8 ftx 8 ft ora cyindrical tank 8 ftdia. x
10.2 ft
10-33. (continued) Solution
-
Sl:
(a)
Qg1 =
(352_280) (2)= 144k\^l-hr= mc, (trt.)
_
Qcp(t-t.)
q
=
Qst
-
144 x3600
=
14 m3
,
(t1ts
)
980(4. 184) (1 6-7)
' 1le
reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
'.'hih
the textbok has been adopted. ny oher reproduction r trnsltion of his wrk beyond tht
^76
(ned
Ses Copyrigh chout he permission fthe cpyrigh oner is unlful'
207
(b) Vol.
=
2mx2.4mx2.4m
10-34. Solutions may/can Vary. typical solution is:
(a) Use 2 chillers of
'15
tons total capacity in a reverse return system
similar to figure 10-32. The piping
would be routed overhead around
the complex with supply and return running parallel,
starting and
returning to the equipment room.
(b) Total flow rate is
Q
=16
x2'25
=
36 gpm
Using PIPE or Fig 10-21; Dia.
=
2in'
(c) Estimated length
=225x4x2= 1s00ft. otal Eq. Length=2x 18OO
=
3600 ft
Assuming an average oss of
about 2.5 ft1100 ft; The pump
head required would be:
Hp
=
2.5 x 3600/100
=
g0
ft with flow rate of 36 gpm
'10-35
Solutions may vary
(a)Figure
10-34 is a schematic of what the system woud be.
However, there would be 3 chillers and the secondary piping would
be routed in a square fashion around the outside of the parking
garage
in reverse return.
(b)he primary
system would appear as in Figure 10-34 with the
common pipe
as shown because of the expected variable and light
load at night.
(c)The
tertiary circuits would be as shown in Figure 10-34 and piped in
a reverse return manner.
(d)For
each building:
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students enroled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adopted' ny other reprductin r rislion of his ork' beynd tht
pemitted by Sections 07 or 08 of the ] 976 tJ nited Ses Cpyrigh c 1ihou the permission of he cpyrigh owner is un:wful.
208
Qi
=
1500 x
't2000
=
600 gpm
4x500(60-45)
Q=4x600
=2400
gpm
(e) Dia.
=
10 in., Figure 10-20 or
plpE
10-36.
10-37
'
ssume boiler pressure
of 2'O psig
with P/L
=
2'O oz or 0'125 psi/1OO
ft' (Tabe
10-4a). hen, P
=
o'125x 175l1OO
=
3'5 ozor 0'22 psi
P
is about zthe alowabe from Table 10-4a'
Assume boiler pressure
of 1.o psig
with P/L

0'125 psi/1Oo
ft.
(Tabe
10-4a)' Then P
=
0'125 x 175l1OO
=
0'22 psi which is near
the maximum in able 10-4a' Either boiler pressure
could be used,
but select2.0 psig
to be conservative.
xc-erpts fiom this work may be reproduced by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in curses for whih the textbok has been adpted. ny oher reproducin or rnsion of his wrk beyoncl tht
permited by Sectins 07 or 108 of he ] 97 6
(]nitect
Stes Cpyrigh} c ith'u he peimission of he cpyright er is untfu.
;Contro
valve (Typical)
I
Y
a_Air
Vent (Typical)
,+9*4
Heating Device (Typical)
T<-TypicatTrap
r-
IE
o r--5
er--]
Possible
!
-2
<
Vacuum Breaker on each
;-
- - -<-'-'
Heatinq Device
10-39. Refer to Table
'10-5a.
The available head is
=
2 x'100/110
=
1'82ftl10 ft. Then at 850 lb/hr
of condensate flow, D
=
1 in. nominal is adequate.
10-40 (a)
q
=
rhcp(t,-t,)
=
ga##(1)(6s
- 42)
^
-
1200x 1200x7'48
-

^F^
-..-
'
=
60 X 624(654
=
1'250 gpm
209
From Figure 10-48a at 850 lb/hr; P/L
=
0.'125
sil100
ft, and boiler
pressure of 2.0 psig: Pipe diameter
=
4 in., with steam velocity of
4,00 ftlmin at zero psig. Correct velocity to 2'0 psig (Fig. 10-49a)
V
=
3,800 ftlmin
10-38. For each unit at full load:
ft.
=
283 lb/hr
Pipe size depends on slope of line, able 10-5a. For slope of 1/8 to
in./ft, D
=
1 in. nominal specify slope of % in./ft (conservative).
(b) ssuming no changes in the temperatures, the total flow rate would
be:
., =
9t
1l25O) =
937.5 or 938 gpm
-P
1200
\
'/
he chillers could share the flow:
^-938
(J ,
=
-=469gpm
'2
and be above their minimum flow of 70o/o.
j
-
469
=
0.75 or or Ts%
Qmin 625
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students enroled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducin or rnslion f his ork beyond th
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210
his is probably
the best way to operate. here would be no bypass
flow and the parallel pumps
coud operate at:
RPM,
=
*x
35OO
=
2,626
625
(c) At 6% full load, again assuming no change in temperature, the
tota flow rate would be:
Qp
=
0.6(1 250)
=
750 gpm
This is too much flow for one chiler and not enough for two chillers
at minimum flow of 875 gpm or 438 gpm each. herefore, both
chilers will have to operate at least at 438 gpm each and some ftow
bypassed equal to:
,
=
875 - 75O
=
125 gpm
The pumps
could both be slowed to:
RPMP
=
,9'? 35o) =
2'450
'
1250
(d) t 25% of fu capacity, again assuming the temperatures do not
change, the flow rate for the load is:
d, =
0.25(1250)
=
313 gpm
which is less than the minimum flow rate for even one chiller.
herefore, shut down one chiller and operate the other at least its
minimum flow of 438 gpm. The bypass flow would be:
Qop
=
438 - 3]3
=
125 gpm
One pump
would be shut down and the speed reduced for the other
pump
to:
RPM,
=
*(3sOO)
=2,453
'
625
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students enrolled in urses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproclucion r rislion of this work beynd'tht
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testing or instructional pulposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been
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0B of the 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright iwner is unful.
Requests
for
permission r
further
informtion should be ddressed to thi
permission
Deprtm'ent,
J ohn Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street, Hobken' NJ 07030.
GHAPTR 1 1
11-1 . (a) Using Eq. 1
'1-1b
,
=
1=L959ll-,
Ao
= =
O.353 ft2; ssumed K
=
6
J "
'-
'
s5
X5o
=
'
1:
-=ug-ô)
=
68.5 ft; x1
=
34.2ft; xlso
=
22.8ft
50.,/0.353
(b)
Q,
=
CQov"/v,, C
=
2; q. 11-2a
(Q,)so
=
2(3OO)850/SO
=
10,2OO ft3/min
(Q,)loo
=
6O(85O)/1OO
=
5,1O0 ft3/min
(Q,)rso
=
6OO(850)/150
=
3,400 ft3/min
11_2' Using q. 11-3
t,
_
t,
=
0.8(to
_
t.) (V,/Vo), t,
=
0.8(100-75) V,ll'tO
(t,)so
=
0.8(28)50l1100
=
1'02 F
(t*)loo
=
2'04 F
(t
)lso =
3.06 F
11-3. 50 ftlmin throw
=
24
-
6
=
18 ft
212
11-4. Q, =
Vo=
V,=
11-5.
Qo_ X Q"
;=1l3Kro'ffi
=
*v*
-
18 x 5o
=
132.7
1.13K
'1
.13x6
From Eq.
'1
1-'1 and Qo =
Vo x o; Assume K
=
6
ny combination shown would be
acceptable. The size would depend
on the available total volume flow
rate of air and the size of the space.
Q
oC
V
"lV,
,
Eg. 11=2a
Q
o/Ao =
zstl
L-
r9)'l= s fVmin
L4
\z1
1
V"(1.13)Kl lx
;
K= 6, x
=
12ft
vr=
Qr=
r-
636 x 6(1 .i
q
^l+x(O.S)2
t12
=
159 ft/min
' '4
125x2x6361159
=
1000 cfm
A ceiling type diffuser system has the ability to handle large
quantities
of air because the air is discharged radially and
diffuses the high velocity
jet
in a short distance.
11-6. (a) A perimeter
type system would be necessary to achieve a
satisfactory heating performance.
ny other type of system
would lead to a cold and drafty floor.
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students enrolled in urses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reprduction or trns{ion f this work beynd h
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D^
ln. ft.
29
a
J 0.25
39 4 0.33
49 5 0.4t7
59 6 0.500
118 t2 1.00
213
(b)
An overhead
type system would be preferred
because of the
greater
need for cooling
during the summer
and less need
for heat durng the winter.
11-7
'
perimeter
type system would be the best choice. This type
system is required
to do a good job
of heating. spreading jet
should be used when heating
and a nonspreading jet
should
be used when cooling.
11-8'
Some kind of overhead
system
woud be preferable
since
cooing would be the dominant
mode of operation.
However,
ceiling diffusers
with radial discharge
woutd not be required due
to a low volume
of circuated
air' high side walt type of system
or ceiling diffusers
with discharge
in only one or two directions
with a arge throw would be preferred.
This would give
the
maximum
air motion with a smal amount
of circulated
air.
11-9. 10 in. round
diffuser, Tabe 11-4;650
cfm
lnterpolation
between 600 & zoo cfm is required
NC=0.5x(21
-17)+17=19
x5o
=
0.5(1 1-10) +
10
=
10.5 ft
p=oo62(ffi)'=oo73in
wq
11-10.
For 150 cfm/ft, Po
=
O.08 x (150116712
=
O.65 in' wg.
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or rnslion f this wrk beynd th permitted by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he ] 976
('|nited
Ses Cpyright ct w ihu he p,e{m|sson of he copyrigh oner is untnfut.
214
Throw values are for a 4 ft active length then
X5
=
21
_
0.6(4)
=
'18.6
ft;
he uncorrected NC for a 10 ft length is NC
=
23
_
0.6(5)
=
20.
For a length of 6 ft the correction is
-2.
Corrected: NC
=
20
-2
=
18
11-11. Model 28, 4-48 T-Bar; Table
'1
1-6, 270 cfm
lnterpolate:
NC
=
0.7 (36
-
32)
+
32
=
34.8 or 35
xso
=
0.7(11
-10)
*
l0
=
10'7 or 11 ft
,
^-^'t2
p=O.r[
+l =o.13in.wq
245 )
-
11-12' From Table 11-1, L
=
12 ft' Then from able 11-2 at
Q =
40 Btu/(hr-ft21,
lxuo/L1rr*
=1.3
and the range is1.2 - 1.8, and X5s
=
1.3 x12= 15.6ft
A good solution would be to use the 4 in. size with
'150
cfm/ft. with uncorrected throw of 18 ft and NC
=
19.
The corrected throw is:
Xso
='18
x 0.85
=
15.3 ft and NC
=
19
-
4= 15
P
=
0.057r)' =
O.066 in. wq
139 )
-
11-13. (a) Room char. Length
=
14 ft, Table 1 1-'1
(x5/L)rr,
=
0.8, Table 11-2
Range of xso/L
=
0.5 to 1.5; xso
=
0.8 x 14= 11.2ft
Eerpts fom this work may be reproduced by instuctoS f distribution on a not-for-proft basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducon or rnsion f this ork beyond tht
permited by Secions ] 07 or 08 f the ] 976 J nied Sttes Copyrigh c l ihou the permission f the cpyrigh wner is unlwful.
215
The best choice would be a 12 in. size with 600 cfm
(b) xso
=
13.
:9 Q)
=
14.3ft;x5e/L -
14'3
=
1.02(in the range)
80'
--'-'--'-
14
Po
=
o.o81
(ffi)'
=
0.0g6 in. wg., NC
=
22+ffol
=24.5
11-14. Room char. Length is 26 ft,Table 11-2
(a) (x5/L),,,
=
1.6 (Table 11-2); range of (x5g/L)
=
1'2
-
2'3
Xso
=
1.6 x 26
=
41.6 ft; Q/diff
=
60012
=
3OO fm
From able 11-5, the 18 x 4, 14 x 5, or
12 x 6 sizes may be acceptable athough the throw is
less than desired. Xso
=
31 ft
Xso/L
=
31.6126
=
1.2 (barely in the acceptable range)
(b) Xso
=
31- ft (zero defection)
NC
=
22*,
^po:
o.o6e
(#)'=
0.065 in. ws.
11-15 lt is good practice
to keep the core veocity below 5OO ftlmin. A
solution is the 18 x
'1
2; Table 11-7
Po- -o.O45
[,)'
=
-O.O57 in. wg
535/
NC= 21
+
65
fZl
=24
135'
Note that static pressure

and Po are negative.
11-16. Guidelines:
1-Place diffusers under or between double windows.
2-Select throw using the DPl procedure.
Characteristic length
xerpts from this work may be reprdued by instuctoS for distribution on a not-for-proflt basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny oher reproduction or risltin of his wori beyond'tht
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216
=
floor to ceiling.
3-Noise criteria (Nc)
should usualy
be less than 30.
4-Be Sure that the tota pressure
required is compatible
with the pressure
characteristics
of the system. For example,
a smal commercial
system may have a fan that produces
only
about 0.6 in. wg. total pressure
while a large commerciat
system
may operated at2-5 in. wg. total pressure.
The diffusertotal
pressure
osses should be no more than abo ut 10% of the
fan total pressure.
5- Use data from Table 1 1-3
11-17
'
Guideines:
1-center diffusers in square or nearly square spaces. Divide
large or irregular
spaces into imaginary
square spaces and
pace
a diffuser in each Space. Select throw using DPl procedure.
2-ry to obtain a balance between many small diffusers versus
a few very rarge diffusers to be cost effective.
?_
v
4_
t
See Problem 11-16
5- Use data from Table 11-4
11-18. Guidelines:
1-Locate diffusers about 12 in. below ceiling on inside wals. Setect
throw using ADpl procedure.
2-he jet
may be spread with this type diffuser. However, more
than one diffuser should be used where the room width is at
least two times the room depth.
3-
.
I
See
problem
11-16
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students enro]ed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted ny ol'r, rpioaun or rnslrin of this rk beyond h
pemied by SeCionS 07 or 08 fhe ]976 (]nied
Sqtes Copyrigh' clihu he peimssin fhe copyrigh ner is untful.
v&
217
4-
5- Use data from Table 1
'1-S
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students enrolled in courses for whih the textbok has been adopted' ny other reproduction or trlion of this work beyond'th
permitted by Secions ]07 or 08 ofthe ]976
(]nied
Sttes Copyrighcithou the permission fhe cop7righ ower is unlful.
-ffi
218
11-19. Guidelines:
'1-Locate
grilles
in ceiling near the inside wall.
2-Noise criteria (NC)
should be less than 30.
3-The negative static pressure
should be held to minimum,
especially for light commercial
systems with small fans.
core velocities of less than 5oo ftlmin will usually yield
a
quiet
system with a reasonably low-pressure
loss. Higher
velocities and pressure
ross may be tolerated with heavy
commercial
applications.
4- Use data from Tale 11-7.
11-20. (a)
H-24, Mod 28
at 89 cfm each
2'-windows
(b)
X1oo= 3ft; L
=7
ft; X19/L
=3l7 =
O.43; o.3
<
(x19/L) <
1.o
89 cfm/diffuser;
Po - 0.06 in. V/g.; C
=
20
ote: other acceptable soutions also exist.
11-21. Simiar to 11-2O
- Diffusers shoud throw air towards the windows
- Arrange to obtain uniform air motion
- Might use diffusers with short throw around exposed walls with
larger units in the interor.
11-22. L
=
9 ft; Table'l i-1
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stdents enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopled,' ny othe, )eprocturton or trnstion of his ork beyond h
pemied by Secions ] 07 or 08 f the ] 97 6 tJ niez Ses Copyrgh' ct thut he peission f the cpyrigh oner is unlwful.
+l+ <-l-+ +l-+
*l-+ +t-e +l-r
l+ +l-, _+
219
X59/L
=
0.9; able 11=2, straight Vanes ( Assume light load for a
secondary system)
xso=0.9x9=8.'1 ft
solution: 9-4 ft length diffusers with 50 cfm/ft, 2 in. size,
able 11-3, x
=
8.5 ft (no correction required); NC
=
15
-
4
=
11
Po
=
0l4q2
x O.036
=
O'047 in. wg.
Place 3 diffusers on each exposed wall
11-23. Use 4-'12 in. size from able 11-4
650 cfm/diffuser; L
=
20 ft 80
Room Load
=
18
Btu
=
(hr
_
ft
)
x5sil
=
0.8, Table 11-2
x
=
16 ft (desired)
(650
-
630)
Xactual
=
F5
_
63i
(7
_ '15)
+
15
=
15.5 ft
xact_15.5_.,
-fl
:
^
=
0.78 (in acceptable range)
NC
=
27; Po=O 105
r]'=
O.112 in. wg.
630/
11-24' Use 14-H-48, Model 28 diffusers from able 11-6;
229 cfmldif. as shown. L
=
20 ft, xlse/L
=
0.3 and acceptable range is 0.3 to 1.0.
xcerpts 1iom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-prfit basis fr testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproductin or trnsion of his ork beyond-th
permited by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he ] 976 United Stes Copyrigh c ithou he permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlrful'
78
220
Desired throw: xloo
=
0.3 x 20
=
6 ft.
Actual throw: Xact
=
6.5, Tabe
'1 '1-6
Xr"t/L
=
6'520
=
0.33, o.K.
80
NC
=
29, Po
=
0.095 in. wg.
ltLr
78
11-25. Refer to Problem 11-23, Q =
2600 cfm; refer to Table 11-7.
ssume a ay-in ceiling with 2 ftx 4 ft tiles. o assure a quiet
return, limit NC to about 20. Use 2-24 in. x24 in. grilles with
1300 cfm each. Nc
<
25, Po
=
-0.048 in. wg.
11-26. Refer to Problem 11 -24,3200 cfm.
Assume a2ftx4 ft lay-in ceiling.
Use 24 in. x 24 in. size from able 11-7
'
Using three units,
cfm/grille
=
320013
=
1067; Nc
<
2
Po
=
-0.033
+
0.006
=
-0'027 in. wg.
Excerpts fiom this work may be reprodued by instrutors or distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students emlled in ourses for which the textbook has been adoted' ny her reproduction or trnstion of his work beyond h
permtted by Secions ] 07 or 08 of the ]976 tJ nited Stes Cpyright c ithou the
ermission
of he copyright oner is unlfu.
Exerpts from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for
testing or instrutional puoses nly to students enrlled in courses fr whih the textbook has been
adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsltion of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or
0B of the t 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright owner is unlwful.
Requests
for
permissi or
further
informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment,
J ohn Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, Hboken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER 1 2
(a) W.
=
rt (Pl
_
Pz)l ssume standard air
=
Q(Pl
-P2)
_
2oo(1.9)
=
o.60 HP - O.45 kW
12-1.
6350 6350
(b)
r,=
ffi
=#ffi+ =
O 54 or 54o
(c) V
=
2Ooo/O
'84=2,381ft/min,
Pu
= Q381l4ooq2
=
.35 in wg
P.
=
1.9
-
0.35
=
1.55 in wg
W"
=
2000x'1.55
=
0.49
6350
s =
Ws/Wrr,
=
0'4911'1
=
0'44 or 44o/o
(d) From (c) abovet P,
=
1.55 in wg
12-2 Qz = a,
#ffi
=
2ooo
(ffi#)
=24oocrm
=
1,133 L/s
P,z
=
P.l
[Hffi)'
=
1.55
(ffi#)'
=
223in wg

555 Pa
Poz
=

(pv")2
o(
-*9\
=z'in
wg
=682Pa
".[ffi)=
-1Oo/
W,
=
\i, [RPM, ]'
=
l
'1
(12o0lu
=
l.9 HP
=
1'42k\
RPM1
'
1000/
12-3. (a,b) Qz = Q
(750i900)
=
0.833 Q
r
Poz= PO1(75ol9OO)2 =
'694 P1
HPz- P1(75oi9oo)3 =
0.579 HPl
12-3
2.4
2.0
'1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
221
(d)
Po
=
1-30 in. wg
=
9625
cfm
P
=
2.34
(L
.
I
U)
o
t-
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0.0
02 468111214
cfm x 10-3
12-4. Since
pressure in in. wg. is plotted on the ordinate instead of head the
pressure must be adjusted to reflect the barometric
pressure at 5280 ft
elevation.
Po
=
(Po)rt(/P.t)
=
(Po).t(Po/Po,'t)
also, W
=
W.t(/Ps*o)= Wr16(P6/P5'r16)
Po,,t
=
14.696
psia; Po
=
O.491(29'42
_
0.0009 x 5280); Eq. 3-4
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puoss only to
students enrolled in courses for wtrih the tixtbok has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnslion of this work beynd ht
permied by Sectins ] 07 r 08 of he 976 Lnitec] Ses Cpyrigh} c )ithou the permissin f he copyrigh oner is unful'
80 RPM
7OO RPM
a
Po HP
a
Po HP
6,000 2.3 2.75 5,250 1.76 1.84
10,000 1.87 3.5 8,750 1.43 2.34
14,000 1.15 3.45 12,250 0.88 2.31
222
Po
=
12.112 psia
hen in Denver, Co the ne\M characteristics may be obtained by
computing Po and W at various volume flow rates from Fig. 12-8.
Po
=
(Po),ro(2.112t14.696)
=
0'824(P6)916 ?d W - 0-824 Wst.
Q cfm
6,000
'10,000
14,000
Po
W
Po
W
Po W
Sea Level 2.3 2.75 1.87 3.5 1.15 3.45
Denver 1.9 2.27 1.54 2.88 0.95 2.84
. :.
(w",0
-
w)1oo
_
3.5
-
2.88
(b) W=ff=
35
W
=
18% (decrease)
12-5. Refer to Problem 12-4 for explanation.
P6
=
(99.436
-
0.10 x 1618)
=
83.256 kPa
Po
=
(Po)st
=
(83.256/101
'325) =
0.822(Po).16
\/
=
Wst x0'822
(a)
Q m3/min
125 155 180
Po
W
Po
W
Po
W
Sea Level 400 1 350 320 1 600 260 2000
lbuquerque 329 1110 263 1315 214 1644
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students enrolled in ourses fr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnsin of his wrk beyond h
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223
(b) W
=
(1600--1315)
10O
=
17'ro/odecrease
1 600
12-6. (a) This is at the limit of the good selection range. lt would be
better to choose a different fan.
(b) near perfect match with the fan capable of producing about
1.85 in. V/g. tota pressure
at 10,000 cfm.
(c) A bad application and out of the recommended range.
Would probably
be unstable.
12-7
[From
Fig. 12-9]
(a)
No, fan is too small.
(b) No, not a good application, fan is too large.
(c) YeS, near perfect appication; moderate fan speed,
high efficiency.
12-8. 150 m3/min, 4OO Pa
[From
Fig 1 2-10J
The fan would be acceptable and is reasonable.
1
=
55%; RPM
=
85O; W,
=
185o W
12-9. (a) At 1418 cfm
=
1420 cfm, Ve
=
2OOO ft/min
P"
=
[+l'
=
o.zs in. wg., Po
=
P,
+
P,
=
O.88 in. wg.
4005,
P.
=
0.88
-
0.25
=
0,63 in. wg. - 518 in. wg.
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224
(b) From able 12-1 in col. For 5/8 in. wg.
The rpm is 1092 and power is 0.39 P
1240
1420
cfm
12-10' (a) Po
=
3.0
+
0.3
+
0'20
=
3.50 in. wg.
0.94
O.BB
0.80
(b)
3.
3.CI
.
't3,500
15,00
Q cfm
12-11.
(c) 13,500 to 14,000 cfm
/2istem,
actual
\o10e2
rPm
desired fanr t
. ,' svstem with svstem
{z'
P
eifect factor
'osystem wlthout system
effect fator
iffu" setection without
I
system effect factor
,,f-r
whiih tl
r ]08 fthe ]9
225
System eff. Factor
=
610
-
430
=
.1gO
pa
12-12' D"
=
(4 x 12 x 16l)112
=
15.6 in
ssume blast area ratio
=
0.7, Table 12-3
\/
V
"
=
400(1 2 x 161144)
=
5333 fVmin
One eff. Duct length
=
5.3 diameters, table 12_2
or L"
=
5.3 x
'15.6
=
83 in.
% ff
'
Duct length
=
100 x 30/83
=
36
Elbow in position
C, Fig. 12-13
Ebow loss factor
=
0'79, able 12-5
Po
=
0.79(5333l4o0q2
=
1.40 in. wg.
12-13' V
=
4OO 0l
|
x 142l14 x 1aa)]
=
4,276 ftlmin
Duct length
=
28 in.; R/D
=
10.5114
=
o.7s; L/D
=
29114
=
2.0
Elbow and duct loss factor
=
1.O, able 12-6
Po - 1'0(4276l4ooq2
=
1'14 in. wg.
12-14' Blast area ratio
=
0.7, Tabe 12-3
D"
=
(4 x 20 x 2Ol)1l2
=
22'6 in.
V
=
1O,OOO x 1441(20 x20)
=
3,600 fVmin
L"
=
3.6 dia., Table 12-2
L/Le - (0122.6)13.6
=
0.12
Co
=
0.4, Table 12-4
Po
=
0. 4(3600l4ooq2
=
O.32in. wg.
12-15' D"
=
(4 x 12 x 12l)1l2
=
13.5 in.
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226
V"
=
25001(12x 121144) =
2500 ft/min
One eff. Duct length
=
2.5 diameters,Table 12-2
L
=
2.5 x 13.5
=
33.9 or 34 in.
12-16. From Problem 12-15, Vr= Ve
=
2500 ft/min (assumed)
Po
=
C"(v
/4005)2;
Co
=
O.16/(250O t400q2
=
O'41
From able 12-6, LlH
=
4'3
Length =
4.3 x 12
=
51.5 in.
12-17. (a) he design condition and the observed condition are on
nearly the same system characteristic. Therefore, it is
probable that the fan is not running at the desired speed
of about 920 rpm but at a lower speed of about 6'10 rpm.
(b) The fan is operating near the 920 rpm characteristic
but something related to the duct system has changed.
Possibly a damper is closed, a duct has collapsed or some
other obstruction is present.
(c) Both the system and the fan characteristic have
changed. The duct system has probably
become fouled or slightly damaged is some way while
the fan speed has decreased slightly due to \ear and tear.
12-18' Wsn,l
=
16 HP; Wsh,2
1.5x5000
=
1.62
6350x0.73
% Diff
=
rco(16_,!62) =
+O%
[decrease
from 1 to 2!

16
)
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227
12-19. (a) Assume 15,000 cfm is an equivalent value for the day.
Forfull load point 1: Wr
=
16 x0.746x24=286.5 kwh
For part load cond.: Wp
=
6.7 x 0]46 x24
=
120.Okwh
W
=
(28q'9_
]20)
x
'1OO
=
58o/o (decrease)
286.5
(b) No, the fan would be forced to operate to the left of the maximum
pressure and would probably
be unstable.
12-20' W
l =
28.5 P; W
z=
17
'5
HP (static po\er used)
W
=
(28'?:17
'5)
1OO
=
39o/o (decrease)
28.5
12-21. (a) Wr
=
28.5 x 0.746 x24
=
510 kwh
W,
=
27
'0
xO'746 x24
=
483 kwh (vanes assumed
"
open)
W
=
(510_:183)
1OO
=
5'3% (decrease)
510
(b) W,
=
27 x0.746x24
=
483 kwh
W
=
(510_l_483)
1OO
=
5'3% (decrease)
51
(a) and (b) essentialy the same.
12-22' The actual inside dimensions are 10 x 8 in. or D"
=
9.8 n., Table 12-7
For duct, unlined, Po/L
=
1 .8 in. wg./100 ft (Fig. 12-21)
O -
2ooox144
=
3600 fvmin
1 0x8
From Fig. 12-23, roughness corr. Factor
=
1.51, then for the
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228
lined duct, Po/L
=
1 .8(1 .5'11
=
2'72 in' wg./100 ft. and
Po - 50 x2'72110
=
'1.36
in. wg. or about 338 Pa
12-23. Po
=
(Po)rl X
P/P.l,

_]!}-
Ps
P,rz
P
=
0.491(29'42
-
0.0009 x 5000)
=
12.236 psia
Po
=
1.36(12'236114.696)
=
1'13 in. wg. or about 282 Pa
12-24.
Q
=
600 cfm
tl
|
-=t'
()
Dz
=
Ds
=
10 in'', A2lA1= 0.6
=
3/Aa
Pd/L
=
0.185 in. wg./100 ft; Fig' 12-21
Pzs
=
0.1 85 x20l100
=
.037 in. wg.
For contraction, AzlA
=
0.6, Coz= 0'21
] Table 12-gA
For expansion, A+/As
=
1'67, Ca
=
O.80
'
z= Vs=
600
- =
11OOfUmin; =Vgx
ff
=660ft/min
(o1'
4112
)
Pz= 0'21(11}ol4oO5)2
=
O.O16 in. wg.
Po
=
0.80(660/4o05)2
=
a'O22 in. wg.
Po
=
0.037
+
0.016
+
0'022
=
0.075 in. wq.
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229
12-25' (a) Bellmouth, Co
=
0'2i brupt, Co
=
0.5; Table 12-109 & 10
Pos
=
O'2(1ooo/4oo5)2
=
O.o125 in' W9. - 3.1 Pa
Pon
=
O.5(1oOo/4oO5)2
=
O.0313 in. wg. x7'8Pa
o/o
Diff . -
(0'0313
-
0'0125)
(1oo)
=
lsoo/o
0 0125
(b) Poa
=
O'2(40O0l40oq2
=
O.2O in. wg.

50 Pa
Pon
=
O.5(4OOol4ooq2
=
O.50 in. wg' x 124 Pa
o/o
Diff. -
(0.5
-
0.2)
(1oo)
=
15Oo/o
o.2\/
12-26. Table 12-8a, Co
=
0.25
V
o =
1200l[(la)x(1 4ln)2!
=
1122'5 ftlmin
Po
=
O.25(1122.5l4oO5)'
_
O.O2 in. wq.
also
Vo
=
0'6l|@l(0.35)2]
=
6'24 mls
Po - 0.25(6.2411.2q2
=
5.8 Pa
12-27. (a) Co
=
0.15, Table 12-8b
Vo
=
25OO x 1441(16 x 16)
=
'1406
ftlmin
Po - o.15(1 40614005)2
=
O.O'185 in. wq.
or Vo
=
1.21(0.4 x 0.4)
=
7.5 m/s
Po
=
0'15(7
'5l1'2q2
=
5.1 Pa
(b) Co
=
1
'2
able 12-8C
Po
=
1.2(140614005)2
=
O.148 in. wq.
or Po
=
1'2(7.5l1'29)'= 40.6 Pa
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students enrolled in ses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsltion of his rk beyond h
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ermission
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230
12-28. a/a
c=
25O18OO
=
0.3125
A/Ac=(6112)2=O.25
Co
=
0.345, able 12-11A
V
=
25Ol|(l4)(6t2)2]= 1273 ft/min
V
=
0'12[(ila)(.15)2]
=
6.8 m/s
Po
=
0.345(1 273t4o05)2
=
O.O35 in. wg.
Po
=
0.345(6
'8t1'2q2 =
9.6 Pa
Qr/Q=55O/80O=0.6875
S/Ac
=
(0112)'= 0.694
C"
=
0.135, Table 12-11A
V.
=
550l|(la)(0l12)'!
=
1o8 ftlmin
V,
=
o.26ll(ila)(0.25)21
=
5.3 m/s
Po"
=
O.135(1oO8/45)2
=
O.OO9 in. wq.
Po"
=
O.135(5.3/1 2972
=
2'3 Pa
12-29. From Problem 12-28
a/a =
O.31 25; A/A"= 0'25
Vo
=
1273 fVmin or 6.8 m/s
C
=
0.93, able 12-11F
Poo
=
0.93(1 273l4oo5)2
=
O.O94 in. wq.
or Po
=
O.93(6.811'2q2
=
25.8 Pa
Qr/Qc
=
0.6875; r/A"
=
0.694
C,
=
0.135; Table 12-118
V,
=
lOOB fVmin or 5.3 m/s
Po,
=
O.135(1oOs/4oo5)2
=
O.OO9 in. wq.
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or
or
or
or
or Po,
=
o.135(5.3/1 29)2
=
2'3 Pa
231
12-30' (a) Ao/Al
=
6.0,
=
180 deg., Co
=
37'4, Table 12-98
vr
=
o?9-0"'^!o
=
2,ooo ft/min
(18x18)
oVo
=
lVl, Vo
= 1,
x 2,O0O
=
2000/6
=
333 fVmin
o
Po
=
37.4(333l4o0q2
=
0.260 in. wq.
(b) Co
=
14.35 (Table 12-98)
Po
=
14.35(333t4ooq2
=
O.O99 in. wq.
12-31. ao/Q" =
5OO/1OOO =
O.5o
/A"
=
(812)'= o'444
S/c
=
(8/1 2)'
=
0'444
Q,/Qc =
500/1OOO
=
O'5
(a) C
=
0.755, Table 12-12A
1
lnterpolation required or use
C"
=
O.2'15, Table 12-12A
l
ASHRE Duct Fitting Data
V
=
50Ot|t4)(8t2)2]= 1432 ft/min - v,
or V= O.24l|(l4o.2)']
=7'64mls
Po
=
0.755(1 4g2l4o05)2
=
O.O97 in. w.
or Poo
=
O'755(7 .64112972 =
26'5 Pa
Po,
=
O'215(1432I4OO5)2 =
O.O28 in. wq.
or Po,
=
O'215(7.641129)2 =
7
'54
Pa
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1
2
3
55
72
20
0.50
0.16
2.0
1020
630
550
233
35
14
13
0.'135
0.055
0.050
0.07 4
0'40
0.010
2(0.26)
2(0.26)
0.17
0.032
0.004
0.038
0.034
0.013
0.003
0.140
0.057
0.051
12-33' L
=
D x Co/f; f
=
0.019, abe 12-13
Bellmouth: L
=
1 x0.210.019
=
10.5 ft
brupt Int.: L
=
1 x 0.5/0.019
=
26.3 ft
Q
=
1OOO x l4
=
785 cfm; Po/L
=
O.12in'wg'l1oo ft, Fig' 12-21
Pog
=
0.12x 10'5l100
=
0.0126 in. wg. or about 3.'1 Pa
Pon
=
0.'12x26'3l100
=
0.0316 in. wg. or about 7'9 Pa
12-34' From Probem 12-26' Co
=
0.25, D
=
14 in'
Lu
=
DxC
olfi
f
=
0.017
,
Table 12-13
'=
lx
0'25
=
17
'2ft
-
12 0.017
Q =
12OO cfm; P/L
=
0.'13 in. wg./1OO ft
Po
=
0.13 x 17
'2l100 =
0.022 in. wg. or about 5.6 Pa
Note: Most of following duct sizing problems
can be solved with the computer
program,
DUCT.
12-35. From Figure 12-36.
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234
Estimate Tota] quivalent Length of Run 1-2-3 to be approximately
132 ft, able 12-14' Then Po/Le
=
(0.13 x 1 00)1132
=
0.'10 in. wg./100 ft size ducts using Figure 12-21 and record the
actual Po/L from Figure 12-21'
Section
No.
Le
ft
a
cfm
D
in.
P/L
in. wq.
100 ft
Pn
in. wg.
1
2
3
4
5
45
16
71
55
55
300
220
100
80
120
I
I
6
5
6
0.084
.090
0.083
0.14
0.125
0.38
0.014
0.059
0.077
0.069
Run 1-2-5 actually has the greatest lost pressure.
Pl
=
0.038
+
0'077
=
0.115 in. wg.;
Pzs
=
0.038
+
0.014
+
0.059
=
0.121 in. wg.
Plzs
=
0.038
+
0.014
+
0.059
=
0.1'1
'1
in. \/g.
12-36. The design pressure loss is (0.25
-
0.1
) =
0.1 5 in. wg. (for supply ducts)
Assume the run with the largest equivalent length is:
1-2-3-4-5, Le
=
185 ft
hen for design: Po/Le -
(0'15
_
0'03)
x 1OO
=
0.065 in. wg./'1oO ft
185
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235
Section has a total flow of 845 cfm. herefore, the maximum
velocity in section wjl! be about 800 fVmin if a 14 in. duct is used.
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\
236
12-36. (continued)
(a)
Section
No.
Le
ft
a
cfm
D
in.
P/L
in. w.
100 ft
Pn
in. wg.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I
I
88
18
16
17
46
51
43
49
49
845
595
395
275
125
250
200
120
150
14
12
12
9
7
I
8
7
I
0.065
0.07
0.034
0.065
0.065
0.060
0.072
0.065
0.040
0.57
0.013
0.0054
0.0'1 1
0.030
0.031
0.031
0.032
0.020
With the equal friction method, every branch should have a damper for
balancing purposes.
ctual total pressure loss:
Po - P1
+
P2
+
P3
+
Pa
+
Pu
+
Ps
Po
=
0'146 in' wg'
Note that run 1-2-3-4-7 actualy has the greatest loss in total pressure
but the difference is not significant. Use Po
=
0.15 in. wg.
(b) Sizing of the longest run, 1 -2-3-4-5, is the same as (a) above where
Po/L
=
0.065 in. wg./100 ft. Construct a new table as follows:
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----------------
237
MAIN DUCT RUN BRNCH DUcS
(1)
Sec
No.
(2)
Le
ft.
(3)
cfm
(4)
DJ wxh
in.
(5)
P
L
(6)
v
fpm
(7)
Po
(2)(5)
100
(8)
Po
(7)
(e)
Br.
Se
No.
(10)
P
Poot
-(8)*
P
(1 1)
Le
ft.
(12)
Pi
L
('10)100
(11)
(1 3)
fm
(14)
D"/wxh
in.
(1 5)
v
fpm
I
BB 845 14 0.065 800 0.057 0.057 f) 0.39 51 0.076 250 9 550
2
'18
595 12 0.070 760 0.013 0.070 7 0.036 43 0.084 200 I 570
J 16
?o
12 0.034 500 0.005 .75 8 0.035 49 0.071 120 7 500
4 17 275 I 0.065 600 .01'1 .086 9 0.020 49 0.041 150 I 420
5 46 125 7 .065 500 0.3 0.116
ffuser G 0.030 0,146
The left 8 columns are the same as (a) above. The branches, 6-7-8-9,
are sized to balance in the right hand 7 columns.
(c) Equal Friction Method
-- Design Procedure
--
Sysem type: Supp}y
Duct Sizing Method: Equal Friction
Rounding Method: Round Nearest
-- Ean Selection
--
Kno\n Fan Parameter: F'an Tota ressure
:
0 . 250 in. wg
Fan lrflow: B45.0 cfm
Fan or Externa1 Total Pressure: .25 in. wg
Coi1 Lost PreSsure: . 0 in. wg
i1ter Lost Pressure: 0 . 000 in. wg
Misc. Lost PreSSure: 0. in. w
U External Total Pressure: .25 in. wg
AU Pressure for Supply System: 0.150 in. wg
- or 60.0 %
AHU Pressure for Return System: 0.10 in. wg
- or 40.0 z
-- Lost Pressure from ir HandJ _ng Unit to Diffuser --
Diffuser D
Q Tota1 Delta P
(cfm) (1n. wg)
71 125.0 A.L20
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238
22 150.0
120.a 0.
200.0 0.
250.A 0.
0.154
130
t25
21
t6
30
34
Total B45.
D Fitt1ng Type
1 Air andling Unit
2 Straight Duct
3 Conica Contraction
4 lbow
5 Elbow
6 Tee / e main
branch
common
7 Straight Duct
B Tee / wye main
branch
conmon
9 Straight Duct
1 Tee / wye main
branch
comon
11 Straight Duct
12 Tee /
,ye il?}l.n
conmon
13 Straight Duct
14 lbow
15 Straight Duct
16 Elbow
17 Diffuser / Grile
18 Straight Duct
19 Elbow
20 Straight Duct
21 Ebow
22 Diffser / Gr
23 Elbow
24 Straight Duct
25 bow
26 Diffuser,/ Gri11e
21 ]-bo'
28 Straight Duct
29 Elbow
30 Diffuser / Grit
31 Elbow
32 Straight Duct
33 Ebow
34 Dlffuser / Gril
-- Calculated Fitting Vaues
--
Dia.
( in)
0.0
14.
14.
1 a
14.
72 .4
o
14.0
72 .0
10.0
8.0
72 .0
10.0
9.0
1 .0
10.0
9.0
1.0
?n
9.0
7.0
'7.0
1 .0
7.0
1.0
'1
.0
1 .0
7.0
?n
7.
7.0
8.0
8.0
Q Velocity
(cfm) (ftlmin)
845.0 0.0
845.0
'79.4
845.0 19A.4
845.0
'790.4
845.0 19A.4
595.
'75'7.6
250.0 565. 9
B45. 19a.4
595.0 151 .6
395.0 124.2
20.0 573.0
595.0 151 .6
395.0 124.2
215.0 622.5
L20.0 449.0
395.0
'724.2
215.0 622.5
L25 .0 461 .1
150.0 561.3
215.0 622.5
125 .0 461 .1
L25 .0 461 .1
L25 .0 461 .'7
L25 .0 461 .1
] 2 n
15.0 561.3
1s0.0 561.3
15.0 561.3
15.0 561.3
15.0
L24.0 449.0
20.0 449.a
120.0 449.0
120 .0
20.0 573.0
2AA. 573.0
20.0 573.0
20.0
250.0 565.9
250.0 565.9
250.0 565.9
250.0
Delta P
(in. wg)
.000
0.013
0. 13
0. 06
0.006
0. 05
0.018
0. 7
0.004
0.01_7
0.007
0.003
0. 16
0.007
0.002
0.009
0.008
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.030
0.006
0.005
0.016
0.005
0.040
0.002
0. 11
0. 03
.036
.03
0.010
0.005
0.040
0.003
0.013
0.004
0. 50
AP /L
(in. wg)
0.06415
0.011_61
0.08259
0.07138
0.05817
.05B17
. 8082
. B0B2
0.05405
0. 7106
0.06004
9.0
9.0
9.0
(c) Balanced Capacity Method
-- Design Procedure --
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students enolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproducion or rnstion of his rk beyond h
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System type: Supply
Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity
--
Fan Selection
--
-
239
-
Known Fan Parameter: Fan Total Pressure
:
0.250 in. wg
Fan irflow: B45.0 cfm
Fan or External Total ressure: .250 in. wg
Coi Lost Pressure: 0.00 in. wg
E'iter Lost ressure: 0.000 in. wg
Misc. Lost PreSSure : 0 . 00 in. ^rq
HU xterna1 Total Pressure: .25 in. wg
AU Pressure for Suppy System: 0'150 in. wg - or 60.0 %
HU Pressure for Return System: 0.10 in. wg - or 40.0 %
-- LoSt Pressure from ir and1ing Unit to Diffuser
_-
Diffuser D Q
Tta Delta P
(cfm) (in. wq)
L] 125.0 0.138
22 150.0 .154
26 720.0 0.145
30 200.0 0.140
34 250.0 0.141
Total 845.0
-- Cal cu-Lated Fitting Values --
D Fitting Type Dia. Q
Velocity Deta P P/L
(in) (cfm) (ftlmin) (in. wg) (in. wg)
1 Air Handling Unit 0. 845.0 0.0 0.00
2 Straight Duct 14.0 845.0
'790.4
0.013 .06415
3 Conicaf Contraction 14.0 845.0 190.4 0.013
4 E}bow 14.0 845.0 190.4 .006
5 trlbow 14.0 845.0
'190.4
0.006
6 Tee / Wye main 1'2 .0 595 . 0
'7
57 .6 0 . 005
branch 8.0 250.0 116.2 0.016
common 14. 845.
'790.4
7 Straight Duct 72.a 595.0
'751
.6 .07 0.07167
8 Tee / \Ne main 10.0 395.0 124.2 0.004
branch 1 .0 200.0 1 48.4 0.016
common 72.0 595.0 15'1 .6
9 Straight Duct 10.0 395.0
-124.2
0.007 0.08259
10 Tee / Wye main 9.0 215.0 622'5 0.03
branch 6.0 720.0 6lL.2 .013
common 10.0 395.0 124.2
11 Straight Duct 9. 215
'0
622.5 0.07 0.07138
L2 Tee / Wye main 6.0 \25.0 636.6 0.003
branch 1 .0 150.0 561.3 0.009
conmon 9.0 21 5.0 622.5
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240
13 Straight Duct
0.72304
L4 Elbow
15 Sraight Duct
76 lbw
l1 Diffuser / Grille
1 8 Sraight Duct
19 Elbow
2a Straigh Duct
27 Elbow
22 Diffuser / Grille
23 Elbow
24 Straight Duct
25 Elbow
26 Diffuser / Grile
2"7 El-bow
28 Straigh Duct
29 Elbow
31 lbow
32 Strarght Duct
33 Elbow
34 Diffuser,/ Grille
12-37.
(a)
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
7.0
/.u
7.0
1.0
6.0
6.
6.0
1.4
1.0
7.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
125 .0
L25 .0
L25 .0
1r n
1,25 .0
150.0
150.0
15.0
150.0
1"20 .0
120.0
t2a .0
120.0
200.
200.0
200.0
200.
250.0
25.0
250.0
250.0
636.6
636.6
636 .6
636 .6
561.3
561.3
561.3
561.3
6tt .2
6L7.2
6L1.2
148.4
'1 Q
"7
48 .4
'716.2
1L6 .2
'
16 .2
0.016
0.004
0.005
0.007
.030
0.006
0.00s
0.016
0.005
0.040
0.004
0.023
0.006
0.036
.005
n nT
q
0.009
0. 40
0.005
^ ^41
0.007
0.050
0.72344
0.08082
.08082
0.L427
0.13629
0.10661
Pos
+
Pon
=
.70
_
0.35 =
0.35 in. wg.
Pos
=
0.65(0.35) =
0.23 in. wg.
Po
^y
0.35
_0'23
=
0.12 in. wg.
he method of Solution is similar to Problem 12-36' An
acceptable solution follows:
Longest run -
1 -2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-1 1 -13
The summation of equivalent lengths may vary v/ith designers.
Po/Le
=
(0.23
-
0.03)
100
=
0.092 in. wg./'100 ft
217
Size all Suppy ducts for this
pressure loss per unit length.
Ecrpts from this work may be reproduced by instructrs for distibution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
puoses only t
students enrolled in courses for whih the tXtbook has been adopted' ny other reproductin or rnsltion f his work beyond h
pe,rmed by Sections ] 07 r l o7 ,r, 1976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh't ct ihout he peimission of he copyright oner is unlful'
241
150
100
100
75
100
200
16
14
14
12
12
12
10
I
7
5
6
5
6
5
1200
1 050
850
750
650
550
475
225
175
50
125
50
75
50
1
2
3
4
5
b
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
xerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional
puoses only
students enrolled in courses for wt'ih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnsl(tion of his work beyond th
permied by Secins ] 07 or l i7 in, 976 United Stes Cpyrigh't ct lithou the peimissin ofhe copyrigh oner is unful'
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12-42.
(continued)
-
-
12-37. (continued)
Po for the longest run will be about 0'22 in. wg' for the above sizes"
herefore, size the return system for a pressure loss of (0.35
_0'22)
or 0.13 in. wg.
For the return system:
(L")r* x 230 ft, ('1 r
-
2r
-
3r)
then Po lL"=
r0'13-__0'05']
''oo
=
O.O35 in. wg./'1oo ft
230)
Using the equal friction method:
Section
No.
a
cfm
D
in.
L"
ft
P"/L Po
in. wg.
1r
2r
3r
4r
5r
1200
800
400
400
400
18
'16
12
12
12
115
70
44
14
28
0.038
0.033
0.36
0.036
0.036
0.044
0.023
0.0'16
0.005
0.010
Return system is the same for parts (a) and (b).
Po for return
=
0.133 in. \Mg.
(c) Equal Friction Method
-- Desiqn Procedure --
System type: Supply
Duct Sizing Method: Equal- riction
Rounding Method: Round Neares
-- Ean Seection --
Known an Parameter: an Total Pressure
:
0.700 in. wg
244
an Airflow: 1000.0 cfm
Fan or Externa Total Pressure: 0.700 in. wg
Coil Lost Pressure: 0.25 in. wg
F'iter Lost Pressure: 0 . 10 in. wg
isc. Lost resSure: 0.00 in. wg
HU Externa1 Total Pressure: 0.350 in. ^rg
AU Pressure for Suppy System: 0.228 in. wg - or 65.0 %
AHU Pressure for Return System: 0.123 in. wg - or 35.0 %
-- Lost ressure from ir and1ing Unlt to Diffuser
--
Diffuser D
Q Total Deta
(cfm) (in. wg)
2'7 75. 0.221
30 75. 0.201
34 75.0 0.21
38 s0.0 0.272
56 75.0 0.171
60 100.0 0.158
63 100.0 0.171
61 100.0 0.L42
12 200.0 0.2a2
15 150.0 0.131
Total 1000.
-_ Calculated Fittin Values
--
D itting Type Dia.
Q Veocity Delta P
^P/L
1 ir andling Unlt .0 1000.0 0. 0.000
2 Conical- Contraction 14.0 1000.0 935.4 0.011
3 Straight Duct 14.0 100.0 935.4 0.007 0.08745
4 Tee / wye main l2.a 850. 082.3 O. O1O
branch 1 .0 15. 561.3 0.061
conon 14.0 1000.0 935.4
5 Straight Duct 12.0 850.0 L082.3 0.003 0.13819
6 Tee / Wye main 12 .0 650 . 0 82'7 .6 0 . 008*<10>
branch 1
'0
2a0.0 1 48.4 .058
conmon L2
'0
B50.0 1082.3
7 Straiqht Duct l2.0 650.0 B2'7 .6 0.005 0.08429
B Tee / vfrze main 10.0 550.0 1008.4 .09
branch 6.O 1OO.O 5O9.3 .37
common L2.0 650.0 821.6
9 Straight Duct 10.0 550.0 1008.4 0. 6 0.15164
10 Tee ,/ Wye main 10.0 450.0 825.! O. O1O*<10>
branch 6.0 100.0 509.3 0.064
conon 10.0 550. 1008.4
11 Straight Duct 10.0 450.0 825.7 0.004 0.10485
L2 Tee ,/ Wye main 9. 0 350 . 192 .2 O . 5
branch 6.0 100. 509.3 a.024
connon 10.0 450.0 825.L
13 Straight Duct 9. 0 350 . 0 1 92.2 0 . 014 0. 11082
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students enrolled in urses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproductin of trnsltion of his ork beynd th
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245
14 Tee ,/ Wye main 8. 215.a
"781
.8 . 05
branch 5.0 75. 550.0 0.019
common 9.0 35. 192.2
15 Straight Duct B.0 215.0
'7B1
.8 0.06 0.7268'7
L7 bow B.0 215.0 1B1.B 0.08
18 Straight Duct 8.0 215.0 181 .B 0.013 0.L268'7
19 Tee ,i Wye main B.0 225.a 644.6 .09*<10>
branch 4.0 5. 573.0 a .021
common 8.0 215.4 l1i .B
20 Straight Duct B.0 225.a 644.6 0. 07 0.0880
27 Tee / Wye main 7.0 150.0 561.3 0.003
branch 5.0 75.0 550. 0.011
conmon B.0 225.0 644.6
22 Straight Duct 1 .0 150.0 561.3 0.018 0.08082
2? T / n1lzo
main 5.0 75.0 550.0 0.002 f / li
branch 5. 75.0 550.0 0.007
conmon 1.a 150.0 561.3
24 lbow 5. 75.0 550.0 0.006
25 Straight Duct 5. 75.0 550.0 0.072 .11869
26 Rectangular Transition 5. 75.0 210.a 0.05
2'l Diffuser / Grile 75.0 0.030
28 Straight Duct 5.0 75.0 550.0 0.07 0.11869
29 Rectangular Transition 5. 75.0 210.a 0.05
3 Diffuser / Grille 75.0 0.025
31 Elbow 5.0 75. 55.0 0.06
32 Straiqht Duct 5. 75.0 550.0 .018 0.11869
33 Rectanguar Transition 5.0 75.0 21a.0 0.005
34 Dif fuser / Gril-le 75.0 A.025
35 Elbow 4.0 50.0 573.0 0.007
36 Strarght Duct 4.0 50.0 573.0 0.017 0.16916
31 Rectangular Transition 4.0 5.0 180.0 .010
38 Dif fuser ,/ cril1e 50. 0.020
53 Elbov 5.0 75.0 550.0 0.006
54 Straiqht Duct 5.0 75.0 550. 0.01B 0.11869
55 Rectanguar Transition 5.0 75.0 210.0 0.005
56 Diffuser / cril1e 75.0 0.030
51 1bow 6.0 100.0 509.3 0.004
58 Straight Duct 6. 100.0 509.3 0.008 a.0122l
59 Rectangular Transition 6.0 10.0 360.0 0.003
6 Diffuser / cri]e 100.0 0.045
6L Straight Duct 6. 100.0 59.3 0.072 a.0B221'
62 Rectangular Transition 6. 100.0 36.0 .003
63 Diffuser / Gri1e 10.0 0.032
64 E1bow 6.0 100.0 509.3 0.04
65 Straight Duct 6.0 10.0 509.3 0.008 a.08221-
66 Rectangular Transition 6.0 100.0 360.0 0.003
61 Diffuser / Gril]_e 10.0 0. 45
6B Straight Duct
'7
.A 200.0 148.4 0.02'7 0.l.3629
69 Elbow 1.0 200.0 148.4 0.013
70 Straight Duct 1 .0 20.
"7
48
'
4 0 .a21 0.1-3629
11 Rectangu1ar Transition 1 .0 20. 120.0 0.001
12 Diffuser / Gritle 20. 0.045
13 Straight Duct 1 .0 150.0 561.3 0.032 0.08082
1 4 Rectangular Transition 7.0 150.0 54.0 0.001
15 Dif fuser ,/ Grille 150.0 .020
16 Elbow 8.0 215.0 181 .B 0.005
*
- De}ta P fas computed using the fitt1ng equivalent lenqth
Balanced Capacity Method
Exets from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enlled in ourses or whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny ther reproduction or trnslion of his rk beyond tht
pernied by Secions ]07 or l 08 f the ]976 Unied Sttes Copyright c hout he permissin f he cpyrigh owner is unlcrful.
246
-- Desiqn Procedure
--
Note that almost al branch ducts need a damper to increase the diameter and
reduce ve1city.
System type: Supply
-- Fan Selection
--
Known F'an Parameter: Ean Tta1 Pressure
:
0.700 in. wg
an irflow: 100. cfm
Fan or xternal Total Pressure: .7 in. wg
Coi Lost Pressure: 0.25 in. wg
Filter LoSt Pressure: 0 . 10 in. wg
Misc. Lost Pressure: 0.000 in. wq
HU External Total ressure: 0.350 in. wg
AHU Pressure for Supply System: 0.228 in. wg - or 65.0 ?
HU Pressure for Return System: 0.L23 in. wg - or 35.0 ?
-- Lost Pressure from ir Handling Unit to Diffuser
--
Diffuser lD
Q Tota Delta P
(cfm) (in. wq)
2'7 75.0 0.221
30 75.0 0.243
34 75.0 0.271
3B 50.0 0.2L2
56 75.0 0.232
60 100.0 0.219
63 100. 0.285
61 100.0 0.25'7
12 20.0 0.202
15 150. 0.17
Tota 100.0
-- Cacuaed iting Vafues --
D ltting Type Dia.
Q Veocrty Deta P
^P/L (in) (cfm) (ftlmin) (in. wg) (in. wg)
1 ir and1ing Unit .0 100.0 0.0 0.000
2 Conical Contraction 14 .0 1000.0 935.4 0.011
3 Stralght Duct 14. 1000.0 935.4 0.007 0.08745
/
.aa
/ l.,o
main 72.a 850.0 L082.3 0.010
branch 6. 15O . O 1 63 .9 O. O57
counon 14.0 1000.0 935.4
5 Straight Duct l2.0 850. 1-082.3 0.03 0.13819
6 Tee / wye main !2.a 650.0 821.6 .O8*<1O>
branch 1.a 20.
'748.4
0.058
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a nt_for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrled in ourses fr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reProduction or rnsin of his work beyond h
permied by Secins 07 or ] 08 f the 97 6 United SeS Copyrighl ct ihou he pemission of he cpyrigh olner is uncrful.
conmon
7 Straight Duct
B Tee / wye main
branch
conmon
9 Straight Duct
10 Tee / Wye main
branch
conmon
11 Strarght Duct
'r
^^
/ rîr7^
maln 99 / ly
branch
conon
13 Straight Duct
74 Tee / Wye main
branch
5
L1
LB
L9
20
2L
22
23
conmon
Straight Duct
Elbow
Straight Duct
Tee / Wye main
branch
conmon
Straiqht Duct
/ l1lr^
a1n
]
branch
common
Straight Duct
Tee / Wye main
branch
conon
24 Elbow
25 Straight Duct
26 Rectangufar Transition
21 Diffuser / crille
28 Straight Duc
29 Rectangular Transition
30 Diffuser / Gritle
31 tr1bow
32 Straight Ducc
35 Elbow
36 Straight Duc
53 Elbow
54 Straigh Duct
55 Recangufar Trans1tion
56 Diffuser / Gri1e
51 bow
58 Sraigh Duct
60 Diffuser / Gri]e
67 Straight Duc
62 Rectanqular Transition
64 bow
65 Scraight Duct
61 Diffuser / crille
68 Straight Duc
72 .0
1_2 .0
10.0
o
L2 .0
10.0
10.0
4.
10.0
1.0
9.0
4.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
4.0
on
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
4.
8.0
8.0
7.0
5.
o.u
1.4
4.0
5.0
?n
5.
5.0
5.0
4.0
4.
n
5.
tr
4.0
4.0
\
4.4
4.0
4.0
85.0
650.
10.0
650.0
550.0
450.0
100.0
55.
450.0
350.0
10.0
450.0
35.
275.0
75.0
350.0
t1\ a
' tr
215.0
225.0
50.0
215 .0
aa tr
150.0
75.0
225.0
15.0
75.
75.
150.0
75.0
75.0
?tr
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.
7 n
75.0
75.0
75.
5.
50.
50.0
50.0
75.0
75.0
75.
'tr
10.0
10.0
10.
100.0
10.0
10.0
100.0
100.0
10.0
100.0
100.0
20.
082.3
821 .6
1008.4
145.9
821 .6
10B.4
825 .7
1145. 9
10B.4
825.L
192.2
1145. 9
825.1
-7q2
2
181 .8
859.4
1A) )
181 .8
181 .8
181 .8
644 .6
573.0
'7
81 .8
644 .6
561.3
550.0
644 .6
561.3
859.4
550.0
561.3
55.0
550.0
210 .0
859.4
214 .0
550.
550.0
214 .0
573.0
573.0
180.0
0.005
0.009
0.039
0.006
247
0.08429
0.15164
.104B5
0.11082
0.010*<10>
a .062
0.004
0.005
0.031
0.014
0.005
0.017
0.006
0.008
0.013
4.0
4.4
4.0
4.0
4.
ol
4.
4.0
7.
859.4
859.4
210 .0
1145.9
1145.9
360.0
L1_45 .9
360.0
1145. 9
7L45 .9
360.
148.4
0.L2681
0.!268'7
0.009*<10>
0 .021
0.07 . 880
0.003
0.011
0.018 0.08082
0.007
0.007
.006
0.at2 0.11869
0.00s
0.030
9.02! 0.35266
0 .024
0.025
.006
0.018 0.11869
.05
0. 25
0. 7
0.017 .16916
0.010
0.020
0.015
.053 0.35266
0 .424
0.03
0 .021
0.060 0.59144
0.042
0.045
0.090 0.59144
0 .042
0.032
a2'1
0.06 0.59'744
0.042
0.045
a.021 0.!3629
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reprducin or rnstion f this ork beynd th
permitted by Sections ] 07 r l 08 f the 1 976 United SteS Copyrigh c'withou he permission of the cpyrigh owner is unlful.
248
69 Ebow 1.0 200.a
']48.4
0.013
70 Straight Duct 1 .0 200.0 148.4 0.02'1 0.1-3629
lt Rectanguar Transition 1 .0 20.0 120.0 0.001
12 Diffuser / Gril-le 200.0 0.045
13 Straight Duct 6. 150.0
'7
63.9 0.069 0.17139
1 4 Rectangular Transition 6. 150.0 540.0 0.007
15 Diffuser / Gri1e 150.0 .020
16 Ebow B.0 2'75.a
'7B'7.B
0.05
*
-
Delta was computed using the fitting equivalent ength
Return Ducts, Equal Friction Method
--
nj
^_
D:ocedure __
vYl L ]
System type: Return
Duct Sizing Method: qual Friction
-- Fan Seection --
Known an Parameter: an Tota1 Pressure
:
0.700 in. wg
Fan irfow: 1200,0 cfm
Fan or External Ttal ressure: .7 in' wg
Coil Lost Pressure: .25 in. wq
iter LoSt Pressure: 0.100 in. wg
Misc. Lost Pressure: 0.000 in. wg
AU xternal Tota1 Pressure: 0.350 in. wq
AU Pressure for Suppy System: 0.228 in. wg - or 65.0 %
U Pressure for Return System: 0.123 in. wg - or 35.0 %
-- Lost ressure from ir andling Unit to Diffuser --
Diffuser D
Q
Tota Delta P
(cfm) (in. wg)
11 400.0 0.125
14 400.0 0.113
l"7 400. 0.096
Tota1 120.0
_-
Cacu1ated F'itting Vaues -_
TD Fitting Type Dia. Q Velocity Delta P LP/L
1 ir Handllng Unit 0. 1200.0 .0 . 0
2 Rectangular Transition 18.0 72A0.0 679.1 0.001
3 Straight Duc 1B.0 L200.a 619.1 0.002 0.03512
4 Tee / \ye main 1'2.a 400.0 509.3 0.026
branch 16.0 800.0 573.0 0.026
colmon 18.0 1200.0 679.1
5 Straight Duct 16. 800.0 573
'
0 0.006 0.03a24
6 Tee / wye main 12.0 4.0 509.3 0.0]-5
branch \2.0 400.0 509.3 0.013
conmon 16.0 800.0 573.0
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students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducion or rnslion of his rk beyond th
permited by Sectins ] 07 or 08 of he 1976 United Stes Cpyright c ithou the permission f he copyright oner is unfu.
7 Stralght Duct
0. 3476 B Elbow
. 03
9 Straight Duct
11 Diffuser / crile
72 Straight DucL
L4 Diffuser / Grile
15 Straight Dct
11 Diffuser / Gri-1e
12 .0
L2 .0
L2 .0
L2 .0
L2 .0
L2.A
L2 .0
400.0
12 .0
4.0
40.0
40.0
400.0
40.0
400.0
400.0
400.0
400.0
0.007
509.3
0.001
0.014
0.050
0.001
0.014
0.050
0.003
0.014
0.05
249
0 .034'7 6
0.03476
0.03476
509.3
400.0
s09.3
l-00.0
59.3
100.0
509.3
100.
12-38. The three branches from the plenum
possibe for the Same preSSUre ]oss.
to be more extensive than or c.
For B: Po/Le
For : Po/Le
must be designed as close as
Start \/ith B since it appears
=[
=(
0.18
-
0.025
104
'100
=
0.107 in. wg./100 ft
'100
=
0.109 in. wg./10 ft
100
=
0.149 in. wg./100 ft
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproductin or trnstion of his wrk beyond h
permited by SecioS ] 07 or ] 08 f the 97 6 United SeS Copyrigh ct ithou the pemission of he cop1',"igh oner is unlcrful'
025
145
0.18-0.
025
142
0.18
-
0.
For C: P"/L"
=
(
B
c
250
12-38. (continued)
Note that the resulting total pressures losses turn out to be:
(Po)a
=
0.144 in.wg., (Po)n
=
0.157 in. wg.; (Po)c
=
0.161 in. \g.
Within the accuracy of the calculation these are appoximately equal'
It may be necessary to use a damper in branch B, sec. 8.
12-38.
Branch A, Balanced Capacity Method
__ )q i -
pocedure
-- J f
Y11
! l
System type: Supply
Rounding Method: Round Neares
__
an Sefection -_
Known an Parameter: Plenum Tota1 ressure
:
0.1B0 in. wg
Fan irflow: 40.0 cfm
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a nt-for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses nly to
students enrolled in ourses 1br whih the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproduction or trnsion of this ork beynd ht
permittec by Secions ]07 or 08 ofthe ]976 Unied Stes Cpyright cihou he permission ofhe cpyrigh owner is unlwful.
MA|N DUc RUN BRNC DUCTS
(1)
Se.
No.
(2)
Le
ft.
(3)
cfm
(4)
D"
in.
(5)
P
L
actual
(6)
v
fpm
*r"
1
(7)
Po
(2)(5)
100
(8)
Po
(7)
(e)
Br.
Sec
o.
(1 0)
Pi
Po6+
-(8)+
-P
(11)
Le
ft.
(12)
Pi
L
(1
0)1 00
(1 1)
(13)
cfm
(14)
De
in.
(1 5)
v
fpm
8 44 500 12 .057 650 .025 025 14 0.094 55 0.171 125 b 660
o
22 375 10 .085 700 .019 .044 10 0.75 52 0.144 200 7 760
11 25 175 7 0.1 1 630 o28 .072 12 0.047 38 0.124 75 5 550
IJ 54 100 o .87 520 .047 0.119
Tot 145 P .025 0 144
1 50 40 10 .095 760 .048 0.048 7 0.084 38 0.221 100
750
2 19 300 .92 700 0.018 .ubb b 0.66 48 0.1 38 100 b 510
25 200 8 59 0.02 .086 4 0.046
q7
0.8'1
'100
o 500
48 100 o .095 530 0.046 . t5z
Tot. 142 P
0.025 157
15 56 225 7 17 850 0.095 .095 to 0.041 38 0.1 8 125 610
17 48 100
^
.085 510 0.04'1
'136
Tot. 104 P
0.025 161
Fan or External Total
Coil Lost
E'iter Lost
Misc. Lost
AU External Total Pressure:
HU Pressure for Supply System
U Pressure for Return System
Diffuser D
Pressure
reSSure
Pressure
Pressure
0 .269 1n.
0.000 in.
0.000 in.
0.00 in.
0.269 in.
0.180 in.
0.089 in.
Dia.
(in
)
0.
9.
9.0
9.
qn
8.0
5.0
on
8.0
1.4
tr
8.0
'7.0
n
5.0
1.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
n
5.0
5.0
tr
5.0
5.0
5.
5.
a
(cfm)
4.
40.
400.0
40.
400.0
300.0
100.0
400.0
30.0
200.0
100.0
300.0
200.0
100.0
100.0
200.
100.0
100.0
1.0
10.0
10.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.
10.
100.0
Velocity
( ftlmin)
.0
905.4
905.4
905.4
905.4
Qo /
733.4
on /
859.4
t48.4
7?? I
a o 1
148.4
133.4
1))
148.4
133.4
1aa
1))
360.
7??
a 1a
36.0
???
aa1
360.0
111
1" 1
360.0
0.000
0.011
0.003
0.011
0.014
0.006
0.039
251
0 . 14157
0.14157
0.1_3629
0.1_9911
0 .1997'7
0.99'71
0.L9911
0.3-991"7
wg
1^rg
wg
\^rg
1^rg
wg
wg
or 6'7
or 33
0%
0%
Lost re$-sure from ir Handling Unit to Diffuser --
1
15
19
23
29
Total 400.0
D itting Type
1 ir Handllng Unit
2 Conlcal Contraction
3 Straight Duct
4 Elbow
5 Stralght Duct
6 Tee / wye main
branch
conmon
7 Straight Duct
8 Tee / wye main
branch
conmon
9 Straiqht Duct
10 Tee ,/ Wye main
branch
conmon
11 Straigh Duct
72 E1bw
13 Straight Duct
1'4 Recanguar Transition
16 Ebow
t'7 Sraight Duct
18 Rectanquar Transition
79 Diffuser / cr1le
2A Efbow
2L Straiqht Duct
22 Rectanguar Transition
23 Diffuser / cri]_e
24 Sraight Duct
2- Butterfy Damper
28 RectanguJ -ar Transition
^
r^-^1 n^l
-^
n
Od-L reLd r
(cfm) (in. wg)
100. 0.171
100.0 0.155
100. 0.141
100.0 0.187
-- Calculated Fittlng Values --
Delta P
^P/L (in. wg) (in. wg)
0.018 0.14878
0.005
0.020
0.016
0.004
0. ]_3
0.020
0 .0!2
0.016
0.010
0.025
0.07
0.016
0.010
0 .425
0.007
0.016
0. 10
a.025
0.016
0.058
0. 10
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students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnslain of his work beyond h
permited by Secions ] 07 or 08 f the ]976 Unied SeS Copyrgh ct'wihou he permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlfu.
252
29 Diffuser
/ Grille
Branch B, Balanced Capacity Method
/
t"
-\.
-- Desgn Procedure
_-
System tye: Supply
-- an Sefection
__
nown Ean Parameter: Plenum Total Pressur
:
0.180 in. wg
Fan or xternal Total Pressure: .18 in. wg
Coil Lost ressure: 0 . 000 in. wg
i1ter Lost Pressure: 0.000 in. wg
Misc. Lost Pressure: 0.00 in. Wg
AHU External- Total Pressure: 0.180 in. wg
AU Pressure for SuppJ _y System: .18 in. wg
- or 1OO.O %
AHU Pressure f or Return System: 0 . 000 in. \^g
- or . %
-- Lost ressure from ir andling Unit to Diffuser
--
Diffuser D
Q Tota De]ta P
(crm1 (1n. wg)
13 10.0 0.185
L6 75.0 0.179
19 200.0 0.\42
23 125.a .15B
Total 50.0
-- Calculated ittin Vaues
--
D itting Type Dia.
Q Velocity Delta P
^P/L
1 A1r andling Unrt 0. 500.0 0.0 . OOO
2 Conica Contraction 10.0 50.0 916.1 . O11
3 Straight Duct 10.0 500.0 976.1 0. 18 0.72'723

'aa
/ ;l',o
main 9.0 375.0 848.8 O.06
branch 6.O 25.O 636.6 O.o42
corrion 1.0 500.0 916.7
5 Straight Duct 9.0 375.0 B4B.B 0.019 0.725"75
6 Tee / wye main 6. 2.0 1O18.6 .OO9
branch 6.0 175. 891.3 0.019
conmon 9. 375.0 84B.B
7 Elbow 6.0 175.0 891.3 0.008
8 Straight Duct 6.0 175.0 891.3 O.014 0.22175
9 Tee / wye main 4.0 75. 859.4 0.OO6
branch 5.0 1.0
'733.4
0.020
conmon 6.0 175. B91.3
xcets from this work may be reprodued by instrutors fr distribution on a not-1br-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enolled in ourses for which the textbk has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or rnslion of his ork beyond th
permied by Sections ]07 r 08 fhe 1976 Unied Sttes Copyright chou he permission fthe copyrigh olner is unrwfu"
100.0 0.025
10 El-bow
11 Straight Duct
\2 RectanguJ -ar Transition
13 Diffuser,/ Gril1e
L4 Straight Duct
16 Diffuser / Gri1e
71 Straight Duct
18 Rectanguar Transition
19 Diffuser,/ Grile
20 Straight Duct
27 Butterfly Damper
23 Diffuser / critle
1-4
1B
5.0
n
5.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
6.0
b.u
6.0
6.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
200.0
200.0
200 .0
125 .4
1-25.0
1o
L2s.A
'733.4
1?2'
360.0
859.4
210 .0
1018 . 6
120 .0
636.6
636.6
450.0
0.007
0.028
0.010
0 .025
0 .028
0 .025
0 .025
0.041
0.014
0.025
0 .0L2
0.044
0.005
a .02s
253
0.1_99'71
0.35266
0 .29022
0.72304
AP /L
(1n. wg)
-- Design rocedure
--
System type: Supply
-- an Se1ecion
--
Knotn Ean Parameter: Plenum Total Pressure
:
0.180 in. wg
Branchffilanced Capacity Method
an irfw:
F.an or External Total Pressure:
Col Lost Pressure:
Filter Lost Pressure:
M1sc. Lost ressure:
AU Xterna1 Tota1 Pressure:
HU ressure for Supply System:
AHU Pressure fr Return System:
225.0 cfm
0. 180 in. wg
. 00 in. wg
0 . 000 in. \^g
0.000 in. wg
0 . 18 in. wq
0.180
0. 0
or 10.0
or .C)
ln. \.^/g
in. wg
z
z
-- Lost Pressure from ir andlinq Unit to Diffuser
Diffuser D
a Totat Deta
(cfm) (in. wg)
10.0 .191
725.0 0.186
Total
aatr
-- Ca1cu1ated Fittin Values
--
D Fitting Type Dia.
(in
)
a
(cfm)
Velocity
( ftlmin)
Delta P
(in. wq)
1 Air Handling Unit 0.0 225.A O. O O. OOO
2 Conical Contraction 8 . 225 .0 644 .6 O . OO5
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses or which the textbok has been adopted. ny ther reproducion r rnslion of this ori beyond-h
permied by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he 1 976 J nited Sttes Copyrigh ct ihout he permissin of the copyrigh oner is untwfu'
254
3 Stralght Duct
0.08800
4 Butterfly Damper
5 Straight Duct
6 Elbow
7 Straight Duct
8 Elbow
9 Straight Duct
1 Tee / Wye main
branch
co'mon
11 Straight Duct
72 Efbow
13 Rectanguar Transitj-on
74 Diffuser
/ Grille
15 Sraight Duct
18 Diffuser / Grile
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
6.0
6.0
8.
6.0
6.
6.0
6.0
6.0
225 .0
22\
na tr n
225 .0
225 .0
C1
^
1_25 .0
10.0
225.0
1.
100.0
10.0
100.0
14tr
^
L25 .0
L25 .0
644 .6
644 .6
644 .6
644 .6
644 .6
644 .6
644 .6
636.6
509.3
644 .6
509.3
509.3
360.0
636.6
450.0
0.003
0.!12
0.003 0.08800
.006
0.004 0.08800
0.006
.005 0.08800
0.003
0.011
o. oo7 o. 0822L
0.003
0.003
0.02s
0.010 0.12304
0.00s
0 .025
12-39. Solution follows Example 12-14 closely.
12-40 Solution follows Exampte 12-14 closely
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny her )eproducion or rhion of his wrk beyond h
permied by Secins ] 07 or 08 of he 1976 (]nied
Sttes Copyrigh c ihou he peission of the cpyrigh oer ii unw'ful.
-
255
12-41.
12-42.
1
Po=o
1
2
2
S
Supply fan: Po
=
4 in. wg.
Return fan: Po
=
1.75 in. wg.
1
P=0
-1
-2
4
2
SF
S Space Pressure
A
le
S
Fan, Po
=
5.75 in. wg.
Exorpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsti()n f this work beyond h
permited b) Sections ] 07 or 08 of the 1 976 Unied Sttes Copyright ct lihout he permission ofthe copyrigh owner is unawfu.
SF
F
M
c
E
A
8,,
257
12-43.
1
P=0
-1
-2
Supply fan: Po
=
4 in. wg.
Return fan: Po
=
1.75 in. wg.
12-44.
1
P=0
-1
-2
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-prfit basis for testing or instructional purposes ony to
students enrolled in urses for whih th txtbook has been adopted. ny other reprduction or rnslion f his rk beyond th
pemited by Secions ] 07 r ] 08 of he 976 Unied Sttes Copyright c ithout he permission of the cpyrigh oner is unw/ul'
4
2
6
4
RF
M
c
S
SI
258
Fan, Po
=
5'75 in. wg.
12-45.
(a) ssume a reasonable duct velocity of about
'1200
fpm. Po/L
=
0.095
in. wg./100 ft. and D"
=
18 in. (may be converted to 20x14 in. for
example)
For the duct: P - (0.095 x 40)1100
=
0.038 in. wg.
For elbows: Co
=
O.15; P"
=
2x o.15(118O/4OO5)2
=
0'026 in. wg.
For damper: Co
=
O.52, P
=
0'52(118o/4OO5)2
=
0.045 in. wg.
For grille: P,
=
0'25 in. wg
For expansion: Vo
=
V.'(A.'/o)
=
118Ol2
=59O
fpm
Pu - 1'2(59ol4oo5)2
=
0.026 in. wg.
overall: Po
=
0.038
+
0.026
+
0.045
+
0'25
+
0.026
=
Po - .385 in. wg.
(b) For 18 in. duct with 1,00 cfm, P/L
=
0'027 in. wg./10 ft
For duct: P6
=
0'027 x 401100
=
0.01 1 in. wg.
For elbows: P"
=
2x0'15(59ol4og5)2
=
0.006 in. wg.
For grile: P,
=
O'25(1Qoo/2o)2
=
0.063
For expansion: Vo
=
59012
=
295 fpm
P"
=
1'2(295l4oO5)2
=
O.OO7 in. wg.
xerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instrutors or distribution on a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted- ny oher reproduction or trnsion of this ork beyond h
permitted by Sections 07 r 108 fthe ]976 Uniled Stes Copyrigh cwihu he permissin fthe copyrigh oner is unlful.
259
For damper: P6
=
0.385
_
(0.01
'1
+
0.007
+
.063
+
0.007)
=
P6
=
0'297 in' wg.
=
Co"(59O lAooqz
(c) Co"
=
0.29710.022
=
13.7
12-46. Equal Friction Method
Note that a damper has been inserted in duct 6 (N. 34 betow) to
cause an increase in duct diameter from 8 to 9 1n. with a consequent
decrease in velocity to an acceptable 1evel.
-- Deslgn Procedure --
System type: Supply
Dut Sizing Method: trqua1 r1ction
-- Fan Selection
--
Known Fan Parameter: E'an Tota1 Pressure
:
.900 in. wg
an or Ext.erna Total Pressure: 0.9 in. wg
Coil Lost Pressure: .500 in. wq
ilter LoSt Pressure: 0.100 in. wg
Misc. Lst Pressure: 0.050 in. w
AU External Total Pressure: 0.250 in. wg
- or 60.0 %
AU Pressure for Return System: .10 in. wg
- or 40.0 %
-- Lost ressure from ir and1ing Unit to Diffuser
--
Diffuser ID
Q Tota Delta
(cfm) (in. wq)
19 150.0 .141
24 L25.0 0.128
28 120.0 a.123
32 200.0 0.11s
38 25.0 0.143
Total 845.0
-- Ca1cu1ated Fittin Values
--
TD itting Type Dia.
Q Velocity Delta P
^P/L
(in) (cfm) (ftlmin) (in. \^/g) (in. wg)
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students enrolled in courses fr which the textbok has been adopted. ny oher reproducin or rnslion of this work beyond h
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260
1 ir anding Unit
2 Conical Contraction
3 Straight Duct
4 Elbow
5 Straight Duct
6 Elbow
7 Straight Duct
8 Tee / vlye main
branch
comon
9 Straight Duct
10 Tee / Wye main
branch
co]non
11 Straight Duct:
L2 Tee ,/ Wye main
branch
comon
13 Stralght Duct
1-4 Tee / Wye main
branch
conon
15 Straight Duct
16 bow
11 Strai ght Duct
L9 Diffuser,/ Grltle
20 Sraight Duct
21- Ebow
22 Straight Duc
23 Rectanqular Transition
24 Diffuser / Gri1e
25 Ebow
26 Straight Ducc
28 Diffuser,/ crill_e
29 lbow
J U Sraqh ]uct
31 Rectaigular Transition
32 Diffuser,/ Grille
3 3 E]_bw
34 Stralght Duc
35 Butterfly Damper
36 Straight Duct
3'/ Rectanguar Transition
38 Diffuser / Gri1le
0.0
L4 .0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
2 .0
on
74 .0
12.A
10.
8.0
12 .0
10.
9.0
7.0
10.0
9.
1.0
1.0
9.0
1.0
1.0
1.4
1.0
1.4
1.0
7.0
1.0
1.0
7.0
7.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
595.0
250 .0
845.0
o n
395.0
200.0
595.0
395.0
215 .0
12A.A
395.
215.0
150.0
L25 .0
15.0
15.0
150.0
150.0
150.
125 .0
L25 .0
1atr
rZJ .
12 n
T r n
L20 .0
72A.A
720 .0
120.0
200.0
20.
240.A
200.0
250.0
250.0
250.0
250 .0
250.
0.0
190 .4
190 .4
190.4
190 .4
190 .4
190.4
15'7 . 6
56
q
190.4
151 .6
1'
'
573.0
-151
.6
'1
' '
G22 \
449 .0
124 .2
622 .5
561.3
46'7 .'7
561.3
561.3
561.3
450.0
46'7 .1
461 .1
61 1
375.0
449.A
449 .0
36.0
573.0
573.0
600.0
565.9
565.9
6
q
565.9
750.0
0.000
0.008
0.003
0.06
0.005
.006
0.006
0. 05
0.018
0. 07
0.004
0.017
0.07
0.003
0.016
0.07
0. 3
0.011
0.006
0.005
0.016
0.004
0.040
0.013
.02
0.002
0.002
.030
0.002
0.011
0 .002
.036
0.003
0.010
0.000
0.04
0. 3
. 13
0 .024
0.001
0.001
0. 5
0.06415
0. 6415
. 6415
0 .01 L61
0.08259
0.07138
0.08082
0.0B82
0.05817
0.05817
0.05405
0.07106
0.0604
0.06004
8.0
8.0
B.
9.0
9.0
9.0
o
9.
Balanced Capacity Method
Note that dampers have been inserted in ducts 6 and 7 (No.
31 and
36 below) to cause an increase in duct diameter and a consequent
decrease in velocity.
-- Design Procedure
--
System type: Supply
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students enoed in courses for which the tetbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnlslion of his ork beyond h
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261
_-
an Selection
--
Known an Parameter: Fan Tota1 Pressure
:
0.9OO in. wg
an Airflow: 845.0 cfm
Fan or xternal Total Pressure: 0.900 in. wg
Coil Lost Pressure: . 500 in. wg
i1ter Lost Pressure: 0.100 in. wg
Misc. Lost Pressure: 0.50 in. w
U Externa1 Total ressure: 0.250 in. wg
_
or 60.O ?
AU Pressure for Return System: .100 in. wg
- or 4O.O %
_-
Lost Pressure from ir andling Unit to Diffuser
--
Diffuser D
Q Total De]ta P
(cfm) (in. wg)
19 150.0 0.141
24 725.0 0.728
28 720.0 0.140
33 200. 0.140
38 2s0.0 0.131
Total 845.0
-- Calculated Fittlng Values
--
D itting Type Dia.
Q Veocity De1ta P
^P/L
1 1r anding Unit 0. B45. O O. O O. OOO
2 Conical Contraction 14. B45. O 19O.4 . O8
3 Straight Duct 14.0 845. O
'79a.4
O. OO3 O. 6415
4 Elbow 14 . 0 845. 0
'7
90 .4 O . OO6
5 straight Duct 14.0 845.0 i90.4 o.oo5 0.06415
6 bow 14.0 B45.O 190.4 O.OO6
7 Straight Duct 14. 845.0 19O.4 O.OO6 O.O6415
8 Tee / wye main 72.A 595. O
j5j
.6 O. OO5
branch 10.0 250.0 458.4 .020
conmon 14.0 845. 190.4
9 Stra1ght Duct 72.0 595. 151 .6 O.7 0.0'716'7
10 Tee / Wye main 10.0 395. O
j24.2
O. OO4
branch 8.0 20.0 573.0 O. O17
counon 2.0 595.0 151 .6
11 Straight Duct 10.0 395. 124.2 O. OO7 O. O8259
12 'T / ',o
main 9.0 21 5.O 622.5 O.OO3
branch 6. O L2a.O 6l.2 O. O13
co]non 10.0 395.0
'724.2
13 Stralqht Duct 9. 2']5.O 622.5 O. OO7 O. O713B
\4 ee / Wye main 1 .0 15O. 561.3 O. OO3
branch
'7
.0 L25.0 46i .i 0.011
co]nmn 9. 2'75.0 622.5
15 Straight Duct 1 .a 150.0 561.3 O. OO6 . O8s2
xcets from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a nt-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsion of this work beynd h
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262
1-6 Elbow j
.0
1-1 Stralght Duct i .0
1B Rectangular Transj-tion i.0
19 Diffuser / Grilte
20 Straiqht Duct
j.A
2 1bow
1.O
22 Straight Duct 1.0
23 Rectangular Transition i.0
24 Diffuser
/ erile
25 El-bow
6. 0
26 Straight Duct 6. 0
21 Rectangular Transition 6.0
28 Diffuser / Grill_e
29 Elbow
8.0
30 Butterfly Damper 8.0
32 Rectangu1ar Transitin 8.
33 Diffuser / Gri11e
34 E1bow 1.0
35 Butterfly Damper 10.
3-l Reclangular Transit1on 1.0
38 Diffuser,/ critle
15.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
12 n
125.0
1t\ cl
725 .0
125.0
120 .0
120 .0
120.0
120 .0
200 .0
200.
200 .0
200.0
200.0
250.0
250.0
250.A
250.
250 .0
561.3
561.3
450.0
461 .'7
461 .'7
461 ."7
375.
677 .2
G1 1 2
36.0
573.0
573.0
?? n
600.0
458 .4
458 .4
458.4
750.
0.05
0.016 0.08082
0.004
0.040
0.013 0.05817
0.002
0.002 .05817
0.002
.030
0.004
0.023 0.1\42-7
0.007
0.036
0.003
0 .024
0.010 0.07106
0.00
0.040
0 .002
0.0L6
0.008 0.03599
0.001
0.050
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been Moptd. ny ther reproduction or rislion f hN wri beyond h
pemied by Secins ] 07 or 08 of the 1976 United Sttes Cpyrigh c ihut he peimission of the cpyrigh over is unlfut.
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testing or instructional purposes only t students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been
adopted. ny other reproduction r trnsltion of this wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or
0B of the 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the cpyright o')ner is unlwful.
Requests
for
permission or
further
infrmtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment,
J ohn Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, boken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER 13
13-1. From q' 13-2
h-=
tr*
=
lb*
=
ft'
(C*
_
c-
)
r.,,.
_
t2
(l*
, n,
)
ft2
_hr
Now C and W are related by Eq 13-14
C
=
W"
*
|%
=
lb*/ft3
lba
fto
he density of dry air must be used. Then from q.
,1
3-17
h
=
hrP"
= -ft3 X9
= ]b,
'
ftz
_
hr-- ft3 ft2
_hr
Consider Eq. 13-13 which is dimensionless
h Btu ft3 lb,F ft2
-
hr
-
-z-
^--^---;- -
|
P3Cp,h ftz
_
hr
_
F
|b, Btu
ft3
Clearly dimensionless when C* is used.
13-2. using Eq. 13-'18,
h
=
Le2t3
=
1; h
=
--
=
,,'9.
=
41'7lba/(hr
-
ftr)
cpah
Cp, 0.24
also h,
=
h/"
=
41 .7lO'O75
=
555.6 ft3/1hr
_
ft')
h6 :
0.057 kgal(m'- s)
13-3.
hd
=
0.61s
p"oa7
k
261
0,075x100x60x(1
t14_
=
g52
o
=
o44
k
=
0.0147 Btul(ft-hr-F) (able
A-4a)
n
=
Ot.O,::!,
x 0.61 5(852)047
=
2.S9Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(1t12)
\
'
h6
=
h/cpa
=2.5910.24= iO.B lba/(ft2-h11
h,
=
h6/"
=
1O.8/0 .O75
=
144 ff lt'-hr)
13-4. Nu
=
0.023 Re0.8
pro
3
0r h
=
0.023 (k/D) Reo.s
pro
3
and h6
=
h/cpa, assuming Le
=
'1
Re
=

V ol; V
=
600/ (il$
=
471 ft/min or 28,260 ftthr
L=
0.044lbmlft-hr;
=
0.075 (Tabe
A-4a)
Re
=
0'075?8'260x1
=
48,170
0.044
Pr
=
0.7; k
=
0.01 47 btulhr-ft-F (Tabe A-4a)
h
=
O.O23

(48,17o)os(O.7)o.,
=
1.7 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
1
h
=
1'710'24
=
7'1 lba/(ft2-hr)
h*
=
h6/^=7'1l0'075
=
95 ft3/(ft'-hr)
13-5. 43,560 ft2
=
1 acre; i'l
* =
hd(Wr, - W-)
Use
j
factor anaogy, h/crh6
=
Le2l3
ssume: Le
=
0.85; C
+
0'24
E
Thenho- '
=23.221bal(ft2-hr)
o.24(o.8q2t3
Using chart 1: W-
=
0.013 bu/lba
W* - 0.0223lb"ilba (assume
sat. air at 80 F)
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students enroled in ourses or rhih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproductin o, rootion of his rk beyond h
pemited by Sections ] 07 or 08 of he ] 976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ct
y]ihout
he permission of the copyright owner is unlful.__._
262
h,
=
(23'22)1ooo(43,56OXo.o223
-
o.o1 3)
fr,,,
=
9,415,ooO
lbr/hr
19 gpm/acre
13-6.
Use analogy
of Eq. 13_1g
Ql=
h(W- - Wr)irgi
Q. =
h(t- - t*)
q
=
qr +
Q.,
W,
=
0.00765;
W-
=
O.O'1 10; Chart 1
ho=
h
144\-
9(1.15)=,-
=49'23lba/(ft2-h
coLe2l
3
\
l' | 'il
024(82
=
Q/ =
49.23(0.o
11-0.00765)1o65
=
176 Btu/(hr
_
ft')
Q./A =
9(1 .1 5)(75-50)
=
25g Btu/(hr-ft2)
q/
=
435 Btui(hr
_
ft2)
=
1'37 kWlm2
13-7.
Qr=
rh,(i*-i,,)
h,
=
hd(WV, - W-)
h6
=
h/(cr"Lezu);
cp,
=
0.24 Btul(lba
_
F); Le2t3
=
1
h
=
'1
'510'24 =
6'25lbal(hr
-
ft')
W,
=
0'0223lb,/lba
W*
=
o.0096
lb,/ba
i-
=
28.4 Btu/lba;
Chart 1
h,
=
6.25(300
x 15O)(O.
0223
-
0.0096)
h,
=
3,572lbWhr
Q1 =
3,572(1,05o)
=
3,75O,600
Btu/hr
o x
1,o99 kW
ny water on the deck and occupants
neglected.
13-8' lt is assumed
that the blanket is folded
in half over the clothes line with
one side exposed
to air.
ho
=
h
Le-2t3
=
#(0.g3)-2l3
=
18.g7tbai(hr
-ft )
cp
Excerpts frm this work may be reproduced
by instructors for distributiol on a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instructiona puoses only to students enrolled in ourses for which the iextbok t-'u, ""r, adopted. -sl oher rj)a""rnn
or rnslion of rhis ork beynd th permitted by Secions ] 07 or ] 08 f the 976 |J niecl
Ses copyrgh't c nut n" po7'irin
f the copyrigh oner is unlful.
h*
=
hr,
=
hd(Wb
-
W,); Wn
=
0.0312;W^= 0'0152
}
'=m*/[hd(Wv_W")]
263
12. A.
=
rh
r/G,
4000 x 0.071
6O/1OOO
=
17 ft2
or instrutional puoses only to
|ion f his wrk beyond tht
gh wner is unlwful.
=
(16
-
4)
=
0.71 hr
I 8. 87(56)(0. 03 1 2
-
0.01 52)

=
42'6 min Say 45 min.
13-9. The procedure is the same as example 13-1 except that the
energy balance line A-B will have a positive slope
and tl
=75"F,
tlz
=
90"F
Ans: 68162"F; 17 .4 ft2:4.8 ft
13-'10. The solutions to this problem closely follows example 13-2.
Ans: 77169"F; 17.4 ft2; 4.8 ft
ns. 31126 C;
'1.6
m2; 3 m
13-11. The procedure is the Same aS example 13-2 exept that the energy
balance line A-B will have a negative slope and the inlet and outlet
water temps. are reversed.
ns: 71t69"F; 17
'4
ft2;5.5 ft
13-
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
X
ham
=5510.24=229.2
h1/h6
=
-3.05
=#,
t
_
J
|
o-
_
lJ
'l
I
-J -
I
t2t
Y
xerpts from
students enrl]
permited by S
90 60 70 80 100
264

:
2'7, Then
L
=
Gry/hdm
=
100 x2'71229'2
=
11 .8 ft
13-13. The solution to this problem closely follows example 13-3
13-14. Ans: 1.4 to 1.5
13-15. Solution of this problem follows example
'13-4
closely.
'13-'16.
ns: 5OO ft2; 12'2 ft
13-17. Extrapolate the 72 F wb curve in Fig. 13-9. The largest cooling
tower modeI ''M'', iS not arge enough to handle 200 gpm.
Therefore use two towers of 1000 gpm each. Select the
model "L" which ls rated at about 1100 gpm.
13-'18 See example 13-3; the cooing tower must be larger.
13-19. See example
'13-3;
the cooling tower must be larger.
13-20. (a) Model B or C using Fig.
'13-9
(b) Cooling Range
=
t
1
-t.
2=
100-85
=
15 F
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reprduction or trnstion of his rk beynd th
pemitted by Secins ]07 or l 08 of he ] 976 United Ses Cpyright c
'yihou
the permission ofhe copyrigh owner is unlful'
265
pproach
=
t.
z-twol =
85
_
76
=
9 F
Tower capacity
=
Q
q
=
(200 x 60 x 8.33)(1)(15)
=
1,499,400 Btu/hr
13-21 q - 5OO qpm x t; qpm
=
'=??o,oô
=
50
500x1 0
qpm/ton=
50
-^^.
=3.0
(250,000 / 1 5,000)
Note: !n this case,
'1
ton
=
15,000 Btu/hr
Cold water temperature; t"
=
70
-
10
=
60 F
From Fig. 13-7; t*o
=
42 F
13-22. lbuquerque, NM; t6
=
64 F (able B-1a)
(a) From Fig. 13-7; cold water temperature
=
73 F;
gpm/ton
=
2'5i \/arm water temperature

(73
+
10) 83 F
(b) Charleston, SC; t6
=
79 F (Table B-1a)
From Fig. 13-7; cold water temperature
=
84 F,
gpm
=

x2'5= 83 gpm (a & b)
15,000
13-24. Model G, nominal rating
-
600 gpm & 250 tons (Table 13-2).
Using Figure 13-9; assume gpm is constant.
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students enrolled in courss for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprduction or rnsltion of this work beyond th
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13-23' (a) tons
=
''?9?99o
=
80, gpm/ton
=
24O8O= 3.O, maximum two
=
72F
15,000
(b) gpm/ton
=

=
4'o',max. t,5
=
65 F
80
266
With cooting range of (97
-
85)
=
12
Max. two
=
76 F (Figure 13-9)
With cooling range
=
15, tu,
=
100 F
Max. two
=
74 F (Figure 13-9)
Exets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnslion of his ork beyond tht
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-------_-=\
---
Excerpts from this work may be reprduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for
testing or instrutional pubses orty to students enrlled in courses for whih the textbok has been
adoptd. ny other repriuction oi trnsltion of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections 107 or
Oti f the lbo ne Smtes Copyright ct withut the permission of the copyright owner is unlwful'
Requests
for
permission or
furter ffirmtion
should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment,
J oin Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street' Hoboken' J 07030'
CHAPTER 14
14-1.
(a) P -
120-60
=
0.43
200
-
60
*
=
200-180
=
0.33
120
-
60
F
=
0.985
{Fig.
14-191
LMTD
_
(1so
-
6_q)_:(299_ 120)
(180
-
60)
ln
LMTD
=
98.7oF
(200
-120)
Btu/hr-F
275(7.48)
16'500
=25ft3/hr;
Q
-
=
34 gpm
(b) C"
=
(fr
"r)",,
=
50oo *uo
(29'92x0'491x144)
'24)
53.35(520)
=
5490 Btu/hr-F
cn
=
cc(1,2
-
tu1)/(t*z
-
t*r)
=
5490(1 20
-60y(200
-
180)
=
'16,500
Btu/hr-F
(rh cp)*
=
(Q pcp)*
=
16,500
(c) Cn
=
Q=
(6Ol1)
60
(d) q
=
UAF(LMTD)
UA
=
C-., (t*z--t*l)
_
F(LMTD)
16,500(20
_
180)
0.985(e8.7)
UA
=
3390 Btu/hr-F
UA U
(e) NTU
=
NTU
=
Cc Cair
=
0.62
Cmin
3390
5490
^-
267
(f)
"=
120-60
0.43
\ /
200-60
268
14-2' (a) q
=
UF(LMTD) =
(rh cp),i,(1 10-50)
h,
=
4000 x 14'7 x 144l(53.35 x 510)
=
311'2 lbmin
or 18,672|b/hr
Q =
18,672(0.24)(110-50)
=
268,874 Btu/hr
q
=
(rh cr,,)('l80
-
tr.,o)
= Q5
x 8.33)(1)(180
-
tho)60
t.o
=
1 80 -
=?9y+
=
158.5 F or 159 F
25x8.33x60
p=
110-50
=0.46:
*='180-159
=0.35
180
-50
1 10
-
50
F
=
0.98; Fig. 14-1
LMrD=S#
=88
't[
^J
A
= 9/(UF
x LMD)
='!u!!!ô== =
312 ft2
'
10x0.98x88
(b) Cair
=
18,672(0'24)
=
4481
=
Cmin
Cwat
=
25 x (60.817 .48) x 60
=
12,193
=
Cr*
,
=
110
-
5o
=
0.401'
Cmin
-
4481
=
o.3T
180
-
50 crr, 12,193
NTU
=
0.7, Fig. 1 4-18
UA/C,1.
=
O'7i =
0'7\!481
=
314 ft2
,
,10
14-3. (a) h
air =
32o x 60 x
::'::'!!-
=
13,726lb/hr
53.35x555
Cair=Cmin=3294
NTU -
1ox3oo
=
0.91
125
3294

=
0.615, Fig. 14-18
T
at C.inlCrr,
=
0
l refri. l
atr.
+
125
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distributin on a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reprduction or trnsltin of this ork beyond h
permitted b Secons ] 07 or 08 f he 97 6 Lnied Ses Cp1'igh ct ihou the permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlcwfu.
r_.-
(b) ,.,
=
tah(mrl)
, = [E -,][.'+
O.35rnBj
=
1.243
\mr) \r )\
r/
mr - (18.26)(0
'5112)1.243 =
0.9454
,_
tanh(0.9454)
=0.7g
'
0.9454
(c) Within readability of Fig. 14-4 the answers are the same
269
14-3. (continued)
0.61s
=
,':"=-'^? ,
tco
=
t"o
=
0.6'1 s(125-
gs)
+
g5
125
-
95
t,o
=
113'5'F
(b)
Q =
Cui,(tao
-
tai) - rh,.irg
=
3294(11 3.5
-
95)
. 3294(1 13.5
-
95)
=
928 tb/hr lrl,.
=
------------.6s.s
14-4' (a) ,=
l
L
y
-]
L
90(0.00 8 l 12)
J
lm
=
(1.0
-
0.5)
18.26= 0.76
12
R/r
=
1l0.5
=
2.0i
=
.8, Fig' 14-4
14-5.
s
=
1
+
(1 -
); =
O.78 from proplem 14-4
A
s
=
1-0.9(1-0.78)
=
0.80
1
1 x 1 1 (0.01 5112)
'1
^
Uo ho?ro k(, /o
)
hi(i /o
)
10x0.8 (100x1)
1
J -
=
0.17; Assumes ;
=
o and k.opp",.
=
100
200x(1/9)
Exerpts 1iom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for dstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or rnslin f his wrk beyond th
permied by Secions ]07 or 08 of he 1976 United Ses Cpyright c withou he permissin f he cpyright oner is unllful.
270
The second term may be neglected
Uo
=
5.9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-7.
'1
=! =0.133
Uo 10x0.8 1 100(1/9)
Uo
=
7.5 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-8.
,
-
tanh(m/)
'
m!.
,
= e-l''' =|
z"s
_1'''
=64.18
m-1
L
y
]
[
l za1o.'t 6x1 o_3
l]
v
mI
=
64.18(6 x 1O-')
=
0.385;

=
0.953
14-g'
ns=1
*(1
-)_1-o.s5(1
_O.95)
. =
0.96
Ar
=
2LWP, mm2; ,
=
LW mm2; A
=
Ar
+ (LW
_
tLWPS)
Where P"
=
fin pitch in fins/in. and L
=
W
=
1

=
2HLWP' + LW
_
tP,
_2x6x0'47
+1_0'16x'47
-
'1 '1A'
o
-
,L\/P' 2x6x'47
l' lo+
+=\:--J ^
=
O.O19; U
=
52.3 W(m'
_
c)
u 1400 57(0.96)
Excerpts from this rork may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or trnsin f his work beyond th
permitted by Secions ] 07 or l 0B of he ] 976 United Sttes Cpyrigh c lihout he permission of the cpyright owner is unlwful.
14-11 .
tan h(m r/
)
mr
R"
=
1.2s
(
- 0'2)'''; m
=
r
znl1l2
L]
*=},=;;L>M
(a) Diml
=;'= =
0.56 in
Dim,
=
rrg)'
*or1'''
'
2L2l
l
'=
[}_,][,+O35.(})]
e0(0.01/ 12)
=
271
=
16.33 ft-1
= jo.uu)'* (1'35)'1'''= O.73
Then L
=
Dimz
=
0.73in.; M
=
Dimr
=
0.56 in.
=
0'56
=1'75:3=0'73 =1.3
(0.64 t2) 0.56
R"
=
1.27(1.Ts)(L3-0.3)1
t2=2.22
r
=
(2.22-- 1)t1
+
O.35ln( 2.22)!= 1'56; .
=
L
mr - 16.33(0.32112)1.56
=
0.631
n_
tanh(0.762)
=0.869
'
0.762
(b)
Dim.-a-12.5mm
'2
Dim2
=
!
lZZt
+
12.5'ltt2
=
12.65 mm
'
2'
L
=
Dimz
=
12.65 mm
M
=
Dimr
=
12.5 mm
t=12'5 =2.s:g=
12'65
=1.012
5 12.5
R"
=
1.27(2.s)(1.01 2
-
0.g)1t2
=
2.69
r
f'''
2x10
Excerpts fiom this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses on1y to
students enolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproducon or rnstion ofhis lrk beyond th
permitted by Sections ] 07 r ] 08 f he 97 6 United Ses Copyrigh c
y,ithu
the permission of he copyright owner is unlful.
b
=
1.35 in
b=22mm
272
=
2.69
-
1)t1
+
0.35 ln(2.69)]
=
2.26
zxo l _^
-_
m=l
E'\vv
l=66.67m-1
1170(0.00018)_j
mrQ
=
66.67(0.005)2.26
=
0.753
_
tanh(O.753)
11
=
'
0.753

=
0'85
14-12.
+
=
-1-,
;
neslecting tube wall resistance
Uo hoo
h;
(,
7no
)
- v-_
_----{
(a)
1o=1
*(1
-)-1_o.9(1
_O.s4)=0.86
1 1
:^
=
0.120; Uo
=
8.60 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
%
=
1o106
*
oo(l o)
(b)
ro
=
1
-0.9(1 -0.81)
=
0.83
1 1
^4^
=
17.8; Uo
=
0.056 kW(m2
-
c)
%
=
0,.068ro s3
*
1a.+rl
o1
14-13. (a) Rct
=
2.222 x 10-6
.010
Rct
=
4.15 x 10-a
1hr-ft2-r1/tu
(b)
'12
fins/in
=
0.472 fin/mm
Rct=3.913x10-7
14-14' Re=
D;=60.6
lbm/ft3
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students enolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproductin r rnsion ofthisorkbeyond tht
pemitted by Secions ] 07 r 0B of the ] 976 Unied Ses Copy'igh c ihu the
Permissin
of he copyrigh oner is unlfut.
0.18
]""'
1o
uott=
1 .oe3 x 1o-41m2
-
cyw
l
0 64(
1t12
-
1)'

0.010
)
rc(1t0
72_
1)'

0.18
)
273
Dr
=
0.545112
=
0.0454 ft; Table C-2
V
= e lA=
2'5
x+
=3.44fVsec
'

7
'48^ 60( t4)(o'o454)2

=
o.93 lbm/(ft
-
hr)
=
2'58 x 1O-a lbm/(ft-sec) able A-1a
Re
=
60.6(3.44)0'0454
=
36,6g3i Re
=
36,700
2.58x10-a
(L/D),in
=
410'0454
=
88 ft
Pr
=
2'43 (Pr
=
cr/k)
lo
'',u
=
O.23
"Bu
Pro'; k
=
0.383 Btu/(hr-ft-F)
k
h
=
O.O23
,f''='J .
(36,7oo)o'12.431o'
=
1,136 Btu/(hr-ft2-F1
(0.0454)
14-15'
=
1'o1(62.4)
=
63.02 LBM/FT2
[Fig.
1 0-2a]
=
0.7l1490
=
4'7 x
'1o-4
lbm/ft-sec
[Fig.
1O-2b]
Cp
=
0.93 Btu/lbm-F
[Fig.
14-];
K
=
0.93 Btu/lbm-F
[Fig.
14-9]

=
3.44 fVsec
[Probem
M-1aJ ;
D
=
0.0454 ft
[Problem
14-14]
63.02(3.4 4)0
'045
Re=ffi=20,940
(L/D),1n
=
88 ft
[Problem
14-14]
o
_Cp
_4'7x1o41soo)o.93
_.)
lr---''ia-
k .285
h
=
O.O23
,!o:',u=u],
(2,94O)ou15'521o'= 690 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(0.0454)
14-16'

=
1.O45 x 62.4
=
65'21 lbm/ft2
;
=
1
'3l1490 =
8'725 x 1O-a lbm/(ft-sec)
co
=
0.81
;k=
0.22; V
=
3.44 ft/seC, D
=
0.454 ft
Re=#=11,670
Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-proit basis for testing or instrutional puosos ony to
students enolled in courses for which the textbook has been adpted. Any her reproduction or trnstion of this ork beyond tht
permitted by Secions ] 07 r 1 08 f he 1 976 United SeS Copyrigh c withu the permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlwful.
274
,,"
_
0.81x8.725x1 0-43600
=
.1
..16
0.22
h
=
0.023
!:?3=).
(i 1
,670)0.(.1
..t6)0.
=
209 Btu/(hr-ft2-F1
0.0454
'
14-17. Use hydraulic dia. for rectangular channel
D
=
4rn
=
a(AJ P)
=
4(3/8)
=
1.5 in.
=
0.125 tt
=
62.4lbm/ft3
[Table
A-1a];

=
3.45 lbm/(ft-hr)
[Table
A-1a]
Re
=
u':o!!_),
-'-??
=
32,556
(3.45l3600)
cp
=
1.003 Btu/lbm-F
[Table
a-1a]
k
=
0.338 Btu/(ft-hr-F); Pr
=
3.45 x 1 .003/0.338
=
'10
(a) For cooin9, h
=
O.O23
!
R"o'Pro'
D
h
=
O.O23
9
(32,556)0r11o.21o.
=
5O9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.125
(b) For heating;
h
=
O.O23
9
(32,556)0s11O.21o.
=
642Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.125
14-18. Dr,
=
0.125 ft
[From
problem 14-171

=
62.4(1.o45)
=
65'2lbm/ft3
[Fig.
1 O-2a]

=
3.5/149O
=
2.35 x 1o_3 lbm/ft-sec
[Fig '
10-2b]
Re=
c,
=
0.89 btu/(lbm-F)
[Fig.
14-8]
k
=
0.28 Btu/(ft-hr-F)
[Fig.
1a-g];
Pr
=
2.35 x 1 o-3136o)(o.s9) l0
'28 =
26.9
Excerpts rom this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses nly to
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducion or rnsion of his work beyond h
permited by Sections ] 07 or 08 of he 1 976 United Ses Cpyrigh c
y,ithou
he permission of the cpyright owner is unlful.
275
(a) Cooling
h
=
0.023
#
('13,900)0t126.910t
=
28s Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(b) Heating: h
=
285
(26'9):1
=
396 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
'""
(26'910'e
14-1g' (a) Re
=
D
_
99'2(1
'5)(0'012) _
^'''
o'uffi
=29'905
Assume L/D
>
60
,
Then

=
o.o23 Reo.8Pro4, Pr
= [o'sgxlo3x+'lzl =
e.gl
k

6373
)

=
9 9?:
(O.637X31
,157)o
s(3.91)o 4
0.o12
h
=
8287 W(m2
-
C)
=
8.29 kw(m',- C)
Data from Figures 10-2a, 10-2b, 14-8 and 14-9.
(b) Re
=
(1
'28)999(1 '5)(0'012)
=
15,4OO
1.2x10-3
1 .2x10-3x3.7x10-3
,r=ffi=8.9
:- o.o23
h
= ']
(.5o)(15,4oO)08(8.9)oo
=
5140 W(m2
_
c)
0.012
=
5.1 4 k\l(m2
-
c)
14-20. (a) Re
=
62'4(0'5)(0'3!112)
=
922< 2soo
(3.45l3600)
hD
=
.1.86tReP.
D .,lls
[ra)o
'o
: ssume
(
n)o'o
=
,

-
l.vvl.-,,
L,
r',,l,,1oLl,,- J
xerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a nt-for-prfit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enolled in courses or whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproductin or trnslion of this work beyond h
permitted by Secins ] 07 or 08 of the ] 976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ct |ihout he permission of he cpyright lner is unlcrlfu.
276
,,=1# =1O'4

=
sff#
p22(1o.ol(ffi),"'
=
66 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(b) Same procedure as part a using data for 30o/o ethylene
glycol from Figures 10-2a, 10-2b,14-8 and 14-9.
14_21. Re -
992.2(0.1.0)x103
=
1519
653
There is a question about the flow regime. lt is probably
in the transition region. Assume it is laminar and use
7 10.14
Eq. 1 4-24 and assu me
|
-U-
I
=
1.
['J
Pr -
o.653X'1_3(4.182)
=
4'34
0.63
-
1 893)
1519(4'34)r']]1/3
- 328 W(m'- c)
n=-O.O1
'--_\-
'
3
)'
14-22. Use average values for Gu and G. and Eq. 14-26.
G.
=:o;(rh. )"us=
0.912;(Gr)",s
=
ln't,,u
=237.81bm/(ft2-hr)
'
.''
"9'v
z(o.s9)'
4\12)
(rh,),us - (1
+
0.1)12
=
0.55 lbm/hr
(Gu),us
=
0.55/4" =
290'6 lbm/(ft2-hr)
DG,
_
r0.589)r?)
=
12 3
lt
12
,
0.95
/
DGu
_r0
589)r9)
=
15

12
,
0.95
/
xcerpts from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-fr-prfit basis for testing or instrutional purposes ny to
students enrotled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprduction or trnson f his work beyond th
permied by Sections ] 07 or 08 f the ] 97 6 Unied Stes Copyrigh ct ilhout he permission f the copy'igh oner is unfu.
H=
=
138(pr.,,.
[#j"'L?
E)"102
277
p'(
e")"'
=
.,u.o1,
61 o
)"'
=
1oo8

l")
0.0135/
Pr
_
0.95(1.001)
=2.48
'
0.384
i,,
=
1001 Btu/lbm
t

80
= 1'160
_
s0); twall

80'F (Using water outside the tubes)
6
=
13.8
0.384 -
'4n'
1]-l"u
,,,oo8]o
2
- -
.58
g
t12
Q8)
''
L,1
,(u]
"
Ul'
h
=
888 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-23. Use average values of G. and
A"=

(O.o15)'= 1'767 x 1O-a
"4
(G.
)"us =
(Gu)"ug
=
(.s8)o. 126x1o_3 z
1.767x10-a
0.126x10-3
(1 + O. 1 2) t 2
1.767x10-a
Gu and Eq. 14-26
mt
=
0.314 kg/(m2
-
s)
=
0.399 kg/(m2
-
s)
DGr
_
015(0.311)
=
12'1

0.390x10_"
DGu
( r)"'
=
O.o15(0.39_9
[
gz
l1
2
=
1024

|" )
O.39Ox1o_3 L0'219J
Pr. -
O'39Ox1
9j1'
19x1 03
=
2'46;
ig =
2326kJ /kg
'
0.665
t
=
45C
=
(73
_
28); liquid water assumed outside tubes
h=13gj95)(2'46)1t3lffi].,u..o24)o2=5022W(m2-c)
h
=
5.02 kw(m2
-
c)
14-24' Use q. 14-28
R_22
1
At inlet x
:
0.20; at outlet 10oF superheat
Excerpts from this wrk may ,l"rj],'
,,J hm/fu
p,J *FsnR
1"Q,psi?i
k,':. if,'$-"t.n puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses'for which tbe textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or trnson of this wrk beynd h
permtted by Sections ]07 or 08 ofhe 1976 United Ses Cpyrightc\ithout he permission ofhe copyright ner is unlful.
278
Since X" 1.O; Cl
=
8'2 x 1O-3; n
=
O.4
ssume tube wall thickness of 0.016 in.
hen D;
=
0.375
-
2(0.0161
=
0.343 in.
Ai=
-g|
=
6'417 x 1o-4 ft2
'4
rh 80
rJ
=
-:-
=
-
=
124,700 lbm/(ft2
-
hr)
A
j 6.417x10-a
.
=
0'52lbm/(ft-hr) at 30'F
(sat. temp. at 70
psia)
GD
=
124,700(0.343 I 12)
=
6855

0.52
k
=
0.056 Btu/(hr-ft-F) at 30'F (sat. temp.); Table -3a
i1g
=
88'5 Btu/lbm
h
=
8.2x 1O-3
(0.o56)
rssl,
(a'qaa'sz'))lo
o
(O.343, r)L'oocc

5(32l 7)
J .]
h
=
779 btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-25. Use Equation
'1
4-28
R-22;G
=
2OO kg/(m2
-
s); Dr
=
8.5 mm; L
=
2 m; P,= 210 kPa

=
30%, Xe
=
100%
Tsat
=
-24C a|210 kPa abs. Pres.
[Table
A-3b]
.
=
O.27O x 1O-3 N-s/m2
[Table
-3b]; extrapolate
k.
=
0.107 W(m
-
c)
[Table
A-3b]
i= 223 kJ /kg
[Table
A-3b]
GD=200(0.0085_)
=6296
0
'270x10_3
C
=
8.2 x
'1O-3;
n
=
O.4
h
=
4106 W(m2
_
C)
=
4.11 klm',_ c
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-proft basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in ourss for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsion f his work beyond th
permitlecl by Sectins ] 07 or 08 f he ] 976 tJ nited Sttes Cyright ct \ihout he permissin f the copyrigh oner is unwfu.
6
=
8'2x 1O-3
(o'1O7)
296\2
0.0085
L'
. r0.
J ]
000
7
7(223)1
2x9.80
Ie
279
14-26. lr,
=
f
!!1
, Assume isothermat
"
D2g
Re
=
36,700; Probem 14-14; smooth tubes
f
=0.022,
Fig. 10-1;L=(6x6)+(5xl)=41
ft
Dr
=
0.0454 ft; V
=
3.44 fUsec, Problem 14-14
lr,
=o.o2z*
-!1-
*lt!!l,t
=3.65ft
0.0454 2x32.17
14-27' l
. =
f
!,
ssume isothermal
"
D2g
V
=O.5ft/sec;
f
=64/Re =641922=O.OOg
L
=
(10 x 10)
+
(9 x 1.5)
=
113.5 ft; Di
=
0.34 in.
l.
=
0.06 n*11?^'?x12,
-
',
=
1'07 ft
0.34 2x32.17
14-28. Refer to Fig. 14-10
Load/circuit
=
10 x 1 2,000110
=
1 2,000 Btu/hr
Length/ircuit
=
(6 X 5)
+ (5 x 0.75)
=
33.75 ft
(a) P. /L
=
0.10 psi/ft; CF
=
1.25 Fig. 14-10
P.
=
0.10 x 33.75 x 1'25
=
4.22
psi
(b) P. /L
=
0.04 psi/ft
CF
=
1.25
P.
=
0.04 x 33.75 x 1'25
=
1.7
psi
14-29. Gt,^
=
18OO lbm/(hr-ft'); t,
=
7O"F,tz= 120"F
(a) Figure 14-12
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students enrled in courses fr which the textbook has been adopted' ny other reprduction or tr'nsioi of his ork beyni th
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280
Re,
=
G'Xo
,
Gc
=
G"
-
=
3214 lbm/(ft2-hr)

0.56
''_'-''\-

=
4.6 x 10-2 lbm/(ft-hr) at t
=
95oF (Table A-4a)
Re,
3214(1 .083 t12)
=
6306
4.6x10-2
j
=
0.0091;f
=
0.021 Fig. 14-12
I
=
jG"
c, Pr-2l3
=
O.OO91 (3214)0.24(O.T)-2t3
=
8.91 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(b) Re6
=
6306 x 0.52511.083
=
3057; assumes expanded tubes
plus fin collars.
A 4xoxr
_
4 1.25x1.083x0.56
=
1O.O8
At D6D 0'0152x0
'525x12
J P
=
(3057)-04(1O.OS)-015
=
0.0285 (Eq. 14-39)
j=
9. 1x1-3 Fig. 14-14; h
=
O.OO91(3214)(0.24)(0.7zl!
=
8.9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
D*=
0.525x10 08
(1.25
-
0.525)
=
0.904
116.7
Using Eq. 14-44.
1+
(
0.525,0
"
I
(3o57)-0
2'[oo+.1
t
1.25
-
0.525
]"
|

'zs
_,,l_o
u
_
10.e04 I
-
FP=
4(
L-
o o06)
\67 )
0.173
f
=
4.2 x 1O-2 or f
=
0.042 (Note that f may be in error up to
!35o/o (Figure 14-15)
Exerpts lrom this work may be reprodued by instructors for distributlon on a not-for-proflt basis for testing r instructinal puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for whih the txtbook has been adopted. ny her reprducon or rnson of his work beyond th
permitted by Sectons ] 07 r 08 f the 1 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh c wihout he permission of the copyrigh owner is unlwful.
281
14-30. (a) G"
=
4.5 kg/(m'-.); tp
=
2OC; Re
=
Gc(0'0275)
'

=
1 8'2 x 10-6 -s/m2
1Table
A-4b]
Re
=
4'5(0'027)
=
6800; Cp
=
1.OO5 kJ /kg-C
18.2x10-o
j
=
0.009; f
=
0.020
[Fig.
14-121
h
=
jG"
copr-2t3
=
o.oog0(4.5)1.005(0.7)-2t3
- 0.051 kJ /(m2-s-c)
6
=
0.051 kw(m2-c)
(b) See problem 14-29b for prcedure
14-31. Use Eq. 14-42 or 14-45
l
-
el-r,r
* o2{
e_,l*'+4l
,n
-
2g-1L\,*"
)lo''_'
)_, -,
, = #!S#L =
0.O75 lbm/ft3;
2
=
O.068 lbm/ft3
'
'i
53.35(530)
P,, =
(l +
2)l2=
0'072lbmlft3
A
_

_147(1.083112)5
=
118'45
A Af, (1)0.56
Where V
=
t. xL; A1,"
=
1 ft2;L
=
5 x'1.083/1 2
=
0'451
l
h =
214)2
_(,
*
o.u6), )r9
_
l)*
''
2(32'17)(0'072)(0.075)(3600)
L\
/\0.068
)
o 042(1 1s 5)(0 075)l
o 072
-l
h
=
12.2ft of air
Po
=
,
(1i::?);'z
=
0 18 in. wg
xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution n a not_for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses or whih the textbok has been adopted. ny other reproducion or rnsion f his wrk beyond th
permtted by Sections ] 07 or 08 of the ]976 United Sttes Copyright c ihout he permissin f the cpyrigh owner is unful.
282
14-32. Use Equation
1 4-42 or 14_45
ti
=
10C; t2
=
30C, ff"
=
1 18.5 from problem
14-31
1O1x103
o =
ffi1
=
1.244 kg/m3;
Pz=
1.161 kg/m3;
pm
=
1.203 kg/m3
t'
=
ffi[(,'.
(0 56)2
)(#-
1).
o.O19(1 18.5)
1!1
\ /
1.203
)
I
r, =
1.67 m of air
Po
=
1 6,
(#l',rool
=
2'O8mm
of wg.
or Po
=
1'67(1'244)9'807
=
20.4 Pa
14-g3. Re
=
G.Dr,
,
D'
=
O.O101 ft
t 65.F,
=
4.39 x 1O-2 bm/(ft-hr)
[Table
A-4a]
2700(0.0101)
e=lffi
=621
From Fig. 14-16;j
=
0.013, f
=
0.053
h
=
G" co
j
Pr-2t3
=
2700(0.24)O.013(0.72)-2t3
=
1 O. S Btu/(h r-ft2-F)
Where co= 0'24 Btu/(lbm-F);
Pr
=
O.72 From able A-4a
14-34' Use Eq. 14-33; t
=
65 F
14.6x144
o

-ff =
0'074lbmlft3;
2=
0.077 lbmlft3
'
53.35(535)
Pm =
(l +
")l2 =
0.076 lbmift3
xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enroled in urses fr which the texook has been adpted. ,lny otlrr', ir:o'-"in o, ronrtoton of his ork beyoncl ht
permied by SeCionS ] 07 or 08 of he 97 6 Unied Ses Copyrgh c nout inte p,esion
of the cpyrigh o,ner is untcwful.
28s
A
4L
-I2
=
132
==
oll
Assume
a contraction
ratio of 0'5
Then i -- 0
'32',
"
=
0
'27
Fig
'
1 4-17
Po
_
e7oq2 _
t(o.32
*
l- os2)

_
22.17
)1
4'6(1 44)(0.07
4)(3600)'
+
2
(#-
1) - o 053(1
3r)ffi#]
_
r
_
(o 5)2
_'''1#'\
Po/Pg1 =4'126x10-a
Po
=
4'126x
1o-4114.6)(1
44)(12)t62'4 =
0'17 in' wg'
14-35.
(a) Coil DescriPtion'
Type of coil =
Refrigerant
condenser
Tube
pattern =
Staggered
plate-fin-tube
coil
Material =
luminum
fins with copper
tubes
Refrigerant
type =
Refrigerant
134
Finned
side fluid =
air
Finned
side air
pressure =
29'92
inches
of Hg
Face area
-- 4'44 square
feet
Height
of heat exchanger =
20'0 inches
Width of heat exchanger =
32'0 inches
Numberofrowsoftubesintheairflowdirection=4
Numberoftubesperro\/=16circuitsontubeside=4
Fin
pitch
=
8 fins/inch
Fin thickness = '006
inches
Vertical
tube spacing =
1'250
inches
xcerDts from this work may be reproduced
by instructors
for distribution
on a not-fbr-profit
basis for testing or instructional
puoses only to
sudens enolled in courses ", *-L1. ,-'. exibook r, ..nrjopi.*'
ny- o,rnr, ,rrour'ioir-ron,oi
of his ork beyond h
permied by Sections ] 07 * ,oi'iii)jili'bnii
i,o*, ciiilii,
iri
''hout
ih" prr^r,rio' oj'n" copyrigh
oner is unlful'
284
Horizontal
tube spacing =
1'083 inches
Tube outside diameter =
.500 inches
Tube wall thickness =
.016 inches
lnside tube fouling
factor = 'OOOO
BTU-HR-SQFT-F
'/6C
14-95.
(continued)
Total heat transfer
rate
=
-48783'2
Btu/hr
Sensible
heat
transfer
rate =
-48783'2
Btu/hr
Entering
air conditions:
Dry bulb
temPerature
=
95'0
F
Face
velocitY =
650'00
FPM
Air volume
flow rate =
2888'9
CFM
Leaving
air conditions:
Dry bulb temPerature
=
111'4
F
Tube
side
conditions:
Refrigerant
saturation
temperature =
125'0
F
Air
pressure
loss = '393
inches
of water
Tube
side
Pressure
loss =
1'07 PSI
Fin efficiency = '3gg
Surface
effectiveness
= '824
Tubesideheattransfercoefficient=388.88tu/hr-SQFT-F
Finnedsideheattransfercoefficient=12'5Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Mean
temperature
difference =
-20'7 F
(b)
Yes
14-36.
Coil DescriPtion'
Type
of coil =
water
or brine
solution
Tube
pattern =
staggered
plate-fin-tube
coil
Material =
aluminum
fins with copper
tubes
Tube
side
fluid =
water
:i:.J :fJ :f;':T:J $E::',i:;i1:i1i:'*iJ $'{ij:{..Ti
:;i:i'b:;,ff:;;i!:'ii:i1r,*"ir;?j':ii,:!;;iiii:i!j:'i#ii!*''
ermied
by Secins
07
"''ii')i 'i
i ii6 t'J nied Ses Copyrigh
c w ilhou he perm
286
Finned side fluid
=
air
Finned side air pressure
=
29.92 iches of Hg
Face area
=
5.56 square feet
Height of heat exchanger
=
20.0 inches
40.0 inches
Number or ro\/S of tubes in the air flow direction =
2
Number of tubes per ro\
=
16 Circuits on tube side
=
4
Fin pitch
=
7 fins/inch Fin thickness

.008 inches
Vertical tube spacing =
1.250 inches
orizontal tube spacing
=
1.083 inches
Tube outside diameter
=
.500 inches
ube wall thickness
=
.016 inches
lnside tube fouling factor
=
.0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Diameter of inlet pipe/header
=
1.0 inch(s)
Total heat transfer rate
=
-95759.1 Btu/hr
Sensible heat transfer rate
=
-95759.1 Btu/hr
Entering air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature

7. F
Face velocity
=
650.00 FPM
Air volume flow rate
=
3611.1 CFM
Leaving air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature =
94.6 F
Tube side conditions:
Entering fluid temperature
=
150.0 F
Leaving fluid temperature
=
128.2 F
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_prfit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted . ny oher reprduction r trnstion of his
'work
beyond th
permitted by Sections l 07 r 08 of he ] 976 t]nied Stes Copyrigh ct wthou he permissin f he copyrigh oner is unwful'
287
ube side fuid velocity
=
4.00 FPS
Cooling or heating liquid flow rate
=
9.0 GPM
Air pressure
loss
=
.187 inches of water
Tube side head loss
=
8.20 feet or water
Fin effiiency - .831 Surface effectiveness
=
.846
Tube side heat transfer coefficient
=
'1368.8
Btu/hr,SQFT-F
Finned side heat transfer coefficient
=
14.4 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Mean temperature difference
=
-56.8 F
14-37. From problem 14-29, Re
=
6306 (based on xp)
and h5
=
8.9'1 btu/(hr-ft2-F)
jn
_.1
:
= r
-1280
Nr(Re)-1
2
(Eq. 14-42)
j
i
then

_
1_ 1280 x 5 (Re)-1'2
=
1_ 6400 Re_1
'2
i
i
and
J _
1_(8x12so)(6306)_1
1
=
o 872
,
^
_
J .r, g
js
1
_
(5x1 2s0)(63o 6l_
'z
now h/hs
=
j/js
=
0'872
h
=
0'872(8.91)
ha
=
7.77 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-38. From problem 14-30, Re
=
6800 and h5
=
51W(m'- C)
jn
-
1- 128oNr(Re)l
2
[From
sotution to 14-371
js
1- 64OORe-1
2
j
_
1_(6x128)(680)]
2
=
0.96
js
1- 64OO(6801-r
z
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a nt_for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in curses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or rnslion of his ork beyond tht
permed by Sections ]07 r 08 ofthe ]976 United Sttes Cpyrighcwithu the permSsion ofhe copyright o'ner is unlwful.
288
l
ur
rr
s =
jo/js
=
0.96
h
=
0'96 x 51
=
49W(m2
-
C) or o.o49 kW(m2
-
c)
14-39' Re,
=
%xo
=
=o':1:=
r
(1.os3/12) x 60
=
8225

0.0445 0.54
j
=
0.0095
(Fig. 14-12)
l -
jcco Pr-2l3 =
O.OO85 x
h
=
10.5 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
.o73,
ffi
x60x o-24(o'-2t3
c..
_
0.0123
-
0.0092
=
.1
.033 x 1O-a,)
Using Chart 1 or
v

85
_
55
.^^
-
0.0123-0.0063
=
1.5 x 1O-a
)
PSYC
z-
--
85_q5
Cavg
=
1'27 x1O-a; Use Eq. 1 4-7o &14-73',k =
1z*s};
From Table 5-1a.
M2
=
##l,
-] =
u, 3; M
=
22'7 ft-1

=
1'27
(-
o.3)"'
=
#
(1
-
o.3)1t2 =
1'265
r
*
=
[E'_ l)[l + O.35n&l
'r
/
r)

=
(1
'265
_
1)[1
+
0.35 ln(1.265)] =
0'287
Mr =
22.7 x xO'287 =
0'285
-
tanh(mrl)
=
0.g74 or
g7.4o/o
m-_--'-
'
mr
,s
=
1
*
(1 -
,)
=
f
_O.94(1 _
o'g74)= O.98 or 98%
14-40' For 80/67oF; tp
=
60oF
surface temperature
must be equal to or less than 60"F'
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutiona
puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses for whih the texook has bee, uJ opt.. ny her reproucion r trnsin of this wrk beyond th
permited by Secions 07 * l '"iinr''i ii'6-Unirrd Sror cipyr,gh
'aci
hout ihe permission of the cpyright owner is unl'wful'
289
Moisture would condense at the base of the fin on the
tube outer surface if it condenses at all'
Let t* be this temPerature.
9
=
UiAi(t,- tr)
=
h69A(i,
-
ir)
where
1
=-1'
*,1*,r=Ai
--"-'_
UAi hiA k,
,n
1
=!*41=
:_-
'9o]:^
=
O.OO1
""-
U, hi
'
k 1000 12x190
Ui
=
l OOO Btu/(hr-ft2-F);
where k"opp",
=
190 Btu/(ft-hr-F)
t*
=
tr
.
ffi(i,-
i*)
=
50
+
ffi
(31.7
-
i*)
ssume a value for tr, read i* from chart 1 and compute t* to
check assumption'
Assume t*
=
55'8'F then i'
=
23'7 Btu/lba
and the calculated t* checks O.K. Therefore moisture will
condense at the base of the fin and on some
portion of the fin.
There will probably be no condensation
near the outer edge of the
fin.
14-41. For 2719
g,
t
=
15 C
Solution is similar to
problem 14-40
UiAi(t,
_
tr)
=
h66(i3
_
i*)
1
=
1
+0'0005 =
O.O1888; U= 52.98
ui 53 58
t*=ti
-
ffi
(i"_i*)
=14'3-,g4,,* 4.2_i,)
*H
For t*
=
16, i*
=
45. Checks O.K.
xcerpts for this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutinal
puoses only to
students enrled in ourses 1br which the textiook has been adopted. ny oher reprduction or rnsion f his rk beyond thl
prr^t'rca y srctins ] 07 or l ij rni l oz Lnied Stes cip)rgnt
'ci
lthu ihe permissin

he copyright ner is unlwful'
290
There will be no condensation
because the tube outside
wall is
greaterthanthedewpointtemperatureoftheair.
14-42"
This
problem is intended
for computer
solution
because
considerable
iteration
is required'
Coil DescriPtion:
Type of coil =
water or brine solution
Tube
pattern
=
staggered
plate-fin-tube coil
Material =
aluminum
fins with copper tubes
Tube side fluid
=
water
Finned side fluid
=
air
Finned side air
pressure
=
29'92 inches of Hg
Face area
=
12.50 square feet
Height of heat exchanger =
30'0 inches
60'0 inches; W
=
2H
Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction =
5
Number
of tubes
per ro\/
=
24 Circuits on tube side =
'12
Finpitch=12fins/inchFinthickness=.008inches
1'250 inches
Horizontal
tube spacing =
1'083 inches
Tube outside diameter = '500
inches
Tube wall thickness = '016
inches
lnsidetubefoulingfactor=,OOO0Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Diameter
of inlet
pipeihead er
=
2'5 inch(s)
xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for tsting or instructional
purposes only to
students enrolled in courses fbwhich the texibook has *,'
"J "pi".
'q
iy o"
"p'oucon
or trnsion of his work beyond th
permited by Sectins ] 07 * l '"iir''i ii'6-in,"d S,o'r, coiir|gn,
'a"i
'thout
ihe permission f the copyrigh owner is unlful'
291
14.42. (continued)
=
232885.0 Btu/hr
=
164919.4 Btu/hr
=
80.0 F
Wet bulb temperature

68.0 F
Enthalpy
=
32'3 Btu/LBM
Humidity ratio
=
83.3
grains/LBMA
Face velocity
=
550.00 FPM
=
6875.0 CFM
Comment: coil is 34.3
percent dry
Dry bulb temperature =
57.4 F
Wet bulb temPerature
=
57.1 F
EnthalPY
=
24'4 Btu/LBMA
umidity ratio
=
68.7 Grains/LBMA
Entering fluid temperature
=
45.0 F
=
62.4 F
ube side fluid velocity
=
4.00 FPS
=
26.9 GPM
Air pressure loss
=
ube side head loss
=
14.09 feet of water
Fin efficiency
=
.gg9 Surface effectiveness
=
.819
=
822.3 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
=
10.0 Btuihr-SQFT-F
Exepts from this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br drstribution on a not-for-pro1lt basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses fr whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnstion of his wrk beyond th
permitled by Sections ] 07 r 08 of he ] 976 tJ nied Stes Copyright ct without he permissin f the cpyrigh ner is unfu.
292
14-43. Coil DescriPtion.
ype of coil
=
Direct expansion
Tube pattern
=
Staggered circular-fin-tube coil
Material
=
Aluminum fins with copper tubes
Refrigerant tYPe
=
refrigerant22
Finned side fluid
=
air
=
29.92 inches of Hg
Face area
=
10.31 square feet
24.8 inches
Width of heat exchanger
=
60.0 inches
4
Number of tubes
per ro\
=
16 Circuits on tube side =
16
Fin pitch
=
12 Fins/inch Fin thickness

.014 inches
Vertical tube spacing
=
1.500 inches
Horizontal tube spacing
=
1.300 inches
.625 inches
Tube wall thickness
=
.022 inches
lnside tube fouling factor =
.0000 Btu-HR-SQFT-F
=
241221.0 Btu/hr
=
162201'8 Btu/hr
Dry bulb temperatue =
82.0 F
Ecets fim this work may be rprduced by instructors for drstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instutional purposS only to
students enrolled in courses for which the texibook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or trnstin of this ork beynd tht
permitted by Secins ] 07 or 08 f he ] 976
(nited Ses Cpyrght ct \hou the permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlful'
293
Wet bulb temPerature =
67.0 F
Enthalpy =
31.4 Btu/LBMA
umidity ratio
=
74'9 Grains/LBM
Face velocity =
500'00 FPM
=
5156.3 CFM
Comment: Coil is .0
Percent
drY
Dry bulb temPerature =
52'2 F

50.7 F
Enthalpy =
20.6 Btu/LBMA
Humidity ratio
=
52.1 Grains/LBMA
Tube side conditions.
Refrigerant saturation temperature =
35.0 F
Air pressure loss =
Tube side
pressure loss
=
1.36 PSI
Refrigerant
quality entering/leaving
evaporator = '29
Enthalpy change in evaporator =
62'75 Btu/LBM
Fin efficiency =
.679
Surface effectiveness = '885
Tube side heat transfer coefficient =
375.5 Btu/hr-sQFT-F
Finned side heat transfer coefficient =
9.3 Btu/hr-SQF-F
14-44. Coil DescriPtion:
TYPe of coil =
Steam
Tube
pattern
=
Triangular
plate-fin-tube coil
Material
=
Aluminum fins with copper tubes
ube side fluid
=
Steam
Finned side fluid
=
Air
Finned side air
pressure
=
29'92 inches of Hg
Excets frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distibution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
purposes only to
Students enroled in courses for whih the texibook has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or trnslifi ofthiswrkbeynd ht
permitted by Sectins 07 r l iiin, ] 9t7 6
(J nitecl
Sttes Copjrght ,ci ithout ihe permission of he copyrigh owner is unlrful'
294
Face area
=
12.00 square feet
24'0 inches
72'0 inches
2
Number of tubes
per ro\M
=
=
16
Finpitch=8Fins/inch
Fin thickness =
.006 inches
1.500 inches
orizontal tube spacing =
1'299 inches
ube outside diameter = '625
inches
.0'18 inches
=
.0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Total heat transfer rate =
-554503'6 Btu/hr
=
-55453'6 Btu/hr

60.0 F
Face velocitY =
750'00 FPM
ir volume flow rate
=
9000.0 cFM

116'1 F
Steam temPerature =
227
'1
F
Steam saturation
pressure
=
5'000 PSIG
Air
pressure loss
= '269
inches of water
Fin efficiency =
.738 surface effectiveness = '756
Excets from this work may be reprodued by instrutors 1br distribution on a not-for_profit basis for tsting or instrutional
purposes only to
students enrolled in ourses tbr w*ch the texibook has b..n uJ o|t"d. ny her reprucion or rnsltion f his ork beyond th
permitted by Sections ] 07 r l ^"i
'n,
isiz Lnitel Ses cpyrglt ,ci thout the permission of he copyright ner is unful'
295
14-44.
(continued)
ube side heat transfer coefficient =
2051.7 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Finned side heat transfer coefficient =
14.6 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
14-45. Coil DescriPtion:
Type of coil =
Water or brine solution
Tube
pattern
=
Staggered
plate-fin-tube coil
Material =
Aluminum
fins with copper tubes
ubesidefluid=3Oo/oethyleneglycolsolution
Finned side fluid
=
ir
Finned side air
pressure
=
29'92 inches of Hg
Face area =
5.56 square feet
20'0 inches
40'0 inches
2
Number of tubes
per ro\/
=
=
4
Fin
pitch
=
7 Fins/inch
Fin thickness =
.008 inches
1'250 inches
Horizontal tube spacing =
1'083 inches
.500 inches
.016 inches
Insidetubefoulingfactor=.OOO0Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Diameter of inlet
pipe/header
=
'1'0
inch(s)
=
-9610'1 Btu/hr
=
-90610'1 Btu/hr
EXcetS fiom this work may be reprodued by instructors tbr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
purposes only to
students enrolled in ourses fbr which the texibook has been aJ opte. ny other reproucion or rcnsion of his ork beyond ht
permited by Secions ] 07 or l ^"i
'n,
i sz
(J nied
SeS cip)rgt
'ci
hu ihe permission of he copyrigh oner is unlfu'
296
=
70.0 F
Face velocity
=
650.00 FPM
ir volume flow rate
=
3611.1 cFM
=
93.3 F
Entering flud temperature
=
150.O F
=
128.4 F
Tube side fluid velocity
=
4.00 FPS
Cooling or heating iquid flow rate
=
9.O GPM
ir pressure
loss
= '186
inches of water
ube side head loss
='10.13
feet of water
Fn efficiency - .83'1 Surface effectiveness
=
.846
=
796.O Btu/hr-SQF-F
=
14.4 Btu/hr-seFT-F
Mean temperature difference
=
-57.6 F
here is a 5 percent
reduction in capacity and increased pressure
loss
on the tube side.
14-46. Coil Description:
Type of coil
=
Water or brine solution
ube pattern
=
Staggered plate-fin-tube
coil
Material
=
luminum fins with copper tubes
Tube side fluid
=
30o ethylene glycol
solution
Excts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a nt-for-profit basis or testing or instrutional purposes only to
studentsenroIedincoursesfrwhihthetextbookhasbeenadopted.
nytherreprucionrrnstioiofhislorkbeynith
permited by Sectins ] 07 or 08 of he 1 976 United Ses Cpyrigh ct ithu ihe permission of he copyright olner is unlful.
297
Finned side fluid
=
Air
=
29.92 inches of Hg
Face area
=
12.50 square feet
Height of heat exchanger
=
30.0 inches
Width of heat exchanger
=
60.0 inches
Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction
=
5
Number of tubes per ro\/
=
=
12
Fin pitch
=
12 Fins/inch Fin thickness

.008 inches
Vertical tube spacing
=
1.250 inches
Horizontal tube spacing
=
1.083 inches
ube outside diameter
=
.500 inches
ube wall thickness
=
.016 inches
=
.0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Diameter of inet pipe/header
=
2'5 inch(s)
=
211374.2 Btu/hr
=
155955.9 Btu/hr

80. F

68.0 F
EnthalPY
=
32'3 Btu/LBMA
umidity ratio
=
83.3 Grains/LBMA
Face velocity
=
550.00 FPM
ir volume flow rate
=
6875.0 cFM
Comment: Coil is 43.6 percent
dry
Excerpts from this rrk may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-pro1'it basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproductin of trns.]tin ofthis ork beyond ht
pemied by Secions ] 07 or 08 f he l 976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ct |ihout he permission of the copyrigh oner is unlwfu.
298
14-46.
(continued)

58.6 F

58.2 F
Enthalpy
=
25'1 Btu/LBMA
Humidity ratio =
71.4 Grains/LBM
Entering fluid temperature =
45.0 F
Leaving fluid temPerature =
62.0 F
ube side fluid velocity
=
4'00 FPS
=
26'9 GPM
ir pressure loss =
Tube side head loss
=
18.13 feet of water
Fin efficiency =
.699 Surface effectiveness = '819
=
476.4 Btu/hr-sQFT-F
=
10.0 Btu-hr-SQFT-F
The capacity is reduced by about 9 percent, the
pressure loss on the
tube side is increased and the leaving air temperatures
have increased
by about 1 degree.
14-47. Check Examples 14-1 through 14-5
Coil Description:
Type of Coil
=
Water or Brine Solution
ube Pattern =
Staggered Plate_Fin-Tube Coil
Material
=
luminum Fins With Copper Tubes
Excerpts 1ior this wrk may be reproduced by instructors fbr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional
purpses nly to
students enroled in ourses for whih the texibook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnstion f his work beyond th
permited by Sectins ] 07 or l o i7
'n,
]976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ,ci ithou ihe permission of he copyright oner is unlwfu'
299
Tube Side Fluid
=
Water
Finned Side Fluid
=
Air
Finned Side Air Pressure
=
0. FT. of levation
Face Area
=
2.17 Square Feet
eight of Heat Exchanger
=
12.5 ]nches
Width of Heat Exchanger
=
25.0 linches
Number of Rows of Tubes in the ir Flow Direction
=
5
Number of Tubes Per Row
=
10 Circuits on ube Side
=
5
Fin Ptch
=
8 Fins/lnch Fin Thickness
=
.006 lnches
Vertical Tube Spacing
=
1.250lnches
Horizontal Tube Spacing
=
1.083 lnches
Tube Outside Diameter
=
.525 lnches
Tube Wall Thickness
=
.015 lnches
lnside Tube Fouling Factor
=
.0000 R-FT2_F/Btu
Diameter of Inlet Pipe/eader
=
1.3 lnch(s)
Total Heat ransfer Rate
=
-133026.9 Btu/HR
Sensible Heat Transfer Rate
=
-133026.9 BtuiHR
Entering ir Conditions:
Dry Bulb emperature
=
50.0 F
Face Velocity
=
950.00 FPM
ir Volume Flow Rate= 2061.6 cFM
Leaving Air Conditions:
Dry Bulb Temperature
=
107.6 F
Tube Side Conditions:
Entering Fluid Temperature
=
150.0 F
EXcerpts fim this work may be reproduced by instrutrs or drstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purpses only to
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbok has been adopted. ny ther reproducon or trnsion of this ork beyond th
permited by Sections ] 07 r 08 of he 976 United Saes Cpyrigh ct withu he permission of he copyright oner is unl:ful.
300
Leaving Fluid Temperature
=
128.3 F
ube Side Fuid Velocity
=
4.00 FPS
Cooling or Heating Liquid Flow Rate
=
12.5 GPM
ir Pressure Loss
=
1.13'1 lnches of Water
Tube Side Head Loss
=
6.77 Feet of Water
Fin EfficieCy
= '750
Surface Effectiveness
= '771
Tube Side eat Transfer Coefficient
=
'1
354.2 Btu/hr-SQF-F
Finned Side eat ransfer Coefficient
=
'19.5
Btu/hr-SQF-F
Mean Temperature Difference
=
-58.5 F
he above results show that a 5 row coil would easily satisfy
the specified requirements. he manual calculation of the
examples are very conservative.
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or trnsltion f this wrk beyond h
permitted by Secions ] 07 or 08 of the ] 976 Unied SteS Copyrigh ct 1ihout he permission of he copyrigh owner is unlful'
15-1
Excets from this wrk may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-prort basis fr
testing or instrutional purps, on1y to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been
adoptd. ny ther repiodiction r trnsltion of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or ]08
o7 ile lz
(]nited
Smtes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright owner is unlwful.
iequests
for
permission or
furtier-idormtion
should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, J hn
Wiley & Sons, nc, 11 Rier Street, Hoboken, ]\J 07030.
Chapter 15
COP
: qe/\rv; UseP-idiagram
_V
=
i+_ig
=119.5_105.5
=
- 14.0 Btu / lbm
p
Q"=il -i=42'5-119'5
=
-77 Btu / lbm
g"=-Q"+\M=77-14
=
63 Btu / lbm
COP=63 114=4.5
CoP"".n.1
=
50 l (570- 5)
=
7'14
14 ooF
tlooF
4 ooF
(a)
(b)
4.5
0r=
=
0.63 or 63 %
7.14
(c)
=
Q"
=
coP
10 (12,000)
_26,667
Btu lhr
=
1.5 HP
N 7.8 kW
4.5
then
HP
=
10'5
=
1.O5 and
=O.22
ton 10 kW
(d)
Qe
=
hQe o h
=
10 (12,000)
=
1905 lbm / hr
=
0.24 kg /s
63
300
15-3
(e) W
=
10.5 HP from (c) above
=
7.8 kW
(f) PD
=
rhv.
=
1905_0'68)
=
21'6 ft3 / min
x
O.O1 m3 / s
60
15-2 W
=
2.5 kW; rh
=
0.05 kg / s
(a)
8c=il_i,
_v
-
i+_i
i+
=ig
_W
/ rir
:
398.4 + 2'5 / 0.5
=
448'4 kJ / kg
Qc =
i1
-i4:260'3 -
448'4 =
-188'1
kJ / kg
w
=
i3
-i4
=
398.4
-
448'4:
-50
kJ / kg
9e
:
9c -\M
-
188.1-50
:
138.1 kJ / kg
(b) COP =
138.1 I 50
=
2.76
( coP
)carnot
=
#*:3.86
i
=
448'4 kJ / kg from
part (a)
0r
=
2.76 / 3.86
=
0
'72
or 72
o/o
R- 134a; Energy Balane
rh1i1 + mi
=m2i2+
rh5i5
,
rh1
=
fi2= rh3
=
rh
=
rhs
is
=
i.l +i
_iz
=
44'94 + 101
'54
_
37.98
:
108'5 Btu / Ibm
Ps
=
P+
:16.6
Psia
w=i6-is,So=Ss
!
100 F sat. liquid
P1: 138.8
Pjsla
-r0
F
sat. vapor
80 F
Excerptsfromthiswrkmaybereproduedbyinstructorsfordistributionona.not-for-profitbasisfortestingorinstructionalpurposesonlyto _
,l -_...__^ll^r;^^^llfaAqfnru,lihthetextbkhasbeenadontel. notherreroducionortrnsliono{thiswrkb?bdth^2v":1'^)
(c)
(d)
5
301
io
:'127
Btu / lbm
lChart
3]
\/
:
127 - 108.5
=
18.5 Btu / lbm
Qe =
i+
_i3 :
i
_iz
=
1o1
'54
_
37'98
=
63'6
15-3 (continued)
15-4
(a)
(b)
HP
^t
TT8
ton rhge
HP
=
(18.5) 778 (12,ooo)
=1.37
132
P
t9
r80
P
2
0.75
0.90
=
0.15
ton
(63.6) 60 (33,000)
.
^
rr..1l"'
v3
0 =|
1+ C
_
c
I
L
\PoJ l
vb
n
=
k
=
1.17; 1 ln= 0.855
P./P6:180120:9
v3
= ?
-1I:
o.9o
[chart
4 tab
v6 2.38
nu
=|+
O.O3 - o.03
(9)o
uuu]
,..
:
ftua
or
]11
=
0u
lb / ft3
'v
PD PD v3
rh 0.75
PD 2.14

=
,
* o.15_ o.15 (91o'ss
le 3a]
0.90
=
Exemtsfrmthiqrnrl-tra\,L--__-^j,'^^lL-.:__}_'.â^.^.--f,j_+-:!_,'+:^-_-___^}^--.nfi'+-"iaff
tt;frinctrlotinnql nllrnnssnnlvt^
15-5
15-6
Gl()
a
00)
1728
=
52.36 ft3 / min
rh / PD
=
0.15 t 2-14
=
O'07 lb / ft3
(e\
fr,
-
tro
=
1-
o'07
=
o.8o or 80 %
\v"
rha
0.35
(d) Power is directly
proportional to the mass flow rate
therefore,
Power compares
as in (c) above'
0
=o'7o
4 cyl
-
3" bore, 4" stroke, 800 rPm
P
=
49]
psia (chart 3)
P
=
138.8
psia (chart 3)

=
fr2, / PD; 2a
=
1
'o4
ft3 / Ibm;
Table -2a
@
55 F / 52 psia
Qz
=
rh (i2
_
)
PD=
i
__i
=
46 Btu / tbm
iz
=
112 Btu / lbm
1z=Pt"
(iz_,.,l
=
#f4
(.'46)
=
2g26 Btu / min
2a
or
912=139,560
Btu/hr =
11'6tons
R-22, assume suPerheat =
20 F
2 qsoF
_. -- __^fi+ L-.]. f^f tea1in nr instnlctina nurooses onlv to
303
Subcooling
=
10 F
t.
=
130 F, te
=
45 F
(a)
3t
90
'15-6
(Continued)
tl:130-10=120F
i:iz:46 Btu / lb
(b)
Q" =
144,000 Btu / hr (Fig. 15-7)
Wc
=
14.8 kW
=
50,498 Btu / hr
(c) te
=
32.5 F (Fig. 1 5-); W
=
13.3 kW
15-7 Refer to Fig
'
15-7 cP
=
133,000 Btu/hr
-3
\
P
P
b* ;.}
4\'d
|1
35
te= 47 F
120 E
^
l1 .'jL''L:^-.^_-^^+f^r-nrnfithasisfrtestinsorinstructional
purposesonyto
-
_
o
o-
t-
)
o
()
o
o
(d
-
(,
)
304
15-8
Excerpts from this work may
students enrolled in courses
orator T
13.7
;
=
o-
c
()
-c
o
o
o
'
o-
(
o
only to
his work
Evapl
a),( c)
(
b)
(a)(
c)
io
Design Pointo
-o(
Measured Operating
Points
by Secions ]07 r ]08 f he 1976 United S*ewff#{&eff&Etrwib,gerugffi'"'^''n''' -
h permied
--
305
Suction valve, P:2 psia
Discharge valve, P
=
4 psia
'10
F S.H. in intake man. and cyl.
Piston clearance=5o'

r"']"nl
"
u=|
1+C_.
]
1
rPoJ .]
uo
15-9
Pe
=
69 psia; te
=
30 F (able A-4)
(a) he condensing temperature is still about
'1 '15
F, but the
evaporating temperature is low, about 30 to 31 F.
(b) (q
_q)
/
a =
1_*=0.36 or 36 % low
305
(c) lt appears that the evaporator is not loading the compressor.
Check for proper air fow over evaporator. Fan speed may be
low or an obstruction exists.
G
lz s
ssia
,-
sat R-22 ao
450F
'
P=90.73psia
Excrpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
purposes
only to
students enroled in ctlrses fnr whinh tL +__}L^^l'- L^^ L^^-
^j^_'
l
V3
=
Vg at 45 F; vg
=
0.604 ft3 / lbm (able -3a)
vo
=
0.66 ft3 / lbm (Chart 4 at 55 F / 89 psia)
Pc=275+4= 279 psia; Pb
=
90.73
-2=
88.73 psia
n:1.16, C=0.05
(a)
o"
=|
1+ O.O5
_
o.O5
(+\1/1
16l
/o o+\
L
"_v'v's&rcJ
]

.*
.,l
+
0'e
N
0.2 kg /s
res. loss
(b)
ri'r
-
(c)
15-9 (cont
'15-10
(a)
0.604
:
27.75|bmlmin
.n-1 I
P.
I
n
-11
P)
]
l, ,oi6 I
.66) l
(
2'79
)l
'
_.'
I
'|(8zs)
1
31 kJ /kg
1.0 HP x
8.2 kW
)'''o] *l
>f k assumed and 2 psi p
ry,
(PD) / v.
:
(.838) 20 /
=!, W=*o",[[
*
=
1J 9(ss.73)
(144) (o
0.16'
inued)
=
1 0,466 ft - lbf /lbm
x
w
_27.75(10,4666) _
1.
0.80(33,00)
ou =|l+
O.04
_
o.o4
(
'
L
'u'
Note: n average value c
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
ctrr.lan+.
^--îr-
i
307
assumed in suction header and valve.
Tv =
0.90, h
=
(PD)
u
lz
19
=
9'4 (.90) l 0'74
rh
='l
1.44 lbm / min
*p=zoo
ir
oor
t"
I
I
\l
60.oF
91( ft
_
lb / lbm
Btu / min
o6o
'55
-
1'4_1
w
=
-_1!-
(53) 1 44 (o'77)
l [']
*
(1'4_1)
\ / \ /L53/
vl
=
fr*
=
9491 (11.44) / (0.9 x778)
=
0m
6.
I
=94
55 I
tz
1t
15-10 (Continued)
QH=+Q=(155x60)
+ 3O,OOO
=
39,3ooBtu/hr
or qH
=
655 Btu / min
9491
=125.2Btu
/ bm W23
=i2
-i3,
iZ
=iZt
W
=
133 +
j
778
9 =
ia
_i3i
i
= 9
+iu
=
_#+
+125'2= 68 Btu / lbm
11.44
(b) lteration is required
P3 will decrease with the lighter load but Pz is also lower and
(P3 / P2)
t'n
will be about the same as part (a);
2 l 6 will be about constant. Then
Tv
:
Constant.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis flr testin r l'nstnlctina nlrnses onlv to
-+,,f,^-+-.-.---rl
j
308
However
,
2= O.85 and rh
:
(PD) l e
=
(9.4) 0.87 / 0.85
=
9.62 lbm / min.
oWW =
9491
(48)(1 03)
:
14.78 Btu / tbm
53 (0.77) 778
W
=
(1 4.78) (9.62) (601
=
8530 Btu/hr;
Qn =
8530
+
24,000
=
32,530 Btuihr
Which assumes Ps I Pz is constant and 2 psi pres. loss in the
valve.
ie
=
iz t w
:83.5
+ 14'78
--94'3
Btu / lbm
i
=iz_ 9z
=
111_24,000 / 9'62 (60)
=
69'4 Btu / lbm
,,
=
#
(50)
=
188 psia
18
Ps
15-11 Reduced air flow reduces the load on the evaporator.
Without
suction
pressure control the evaporator
pressure will decrease
until condensate will freeze and completely block the
evaporator air flow. Liquid refrigerant will return to the
xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
purposes only to
41.9
.83.5
9 4.3
t
309
15-12
15-'13
15-14 (a)
compressor and eventually cause the compressor suction
valve to fai.
lnstall an evaporator pressure regulator set to maintain a
pressure
such that the temperature of the evaporator surface
will not decrease below the freezing point for water.
lnstall a suction pressure regulator on the compressor inlet.
he regulator shoud be set to limit the suction pressure
to a
level compatible with the compressor capacity.
Using chart 2 with the construction shown,
15-15
the final temperature is 9 F
(b)
'v -
L=!=0.18s
or
m
(
20
i
18.5
o/o
vapor (Use chart 2)
Using chart 2
X3
=
0.495; ts
=
125 F
28ooF
l8ooF
0 0.25 .495
+
Excerpts from this rork may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutiona purposes only to
students enrolled in courses fbr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnslin of this work beond h nemilto)
by Sectins ]07 or ]08 fhe !Q76 [nifa'] Slnlo" r'^'.'-':'-'' ''
tb ammonia/lb sol.
Tz7
l6TT-sia
310
15-16 (coP)ma,
=
:fd:
T^
=
180 + 460
:
64OR;
\
_
- /la
Tg(To
_

)'
'9
-
Te=75
+
460
=
535 R; To
=]00
+
460
=
560 R
(COP)ma
x
=
2.675
15-17 Refer to Chart 5 for saturated vapor at 10 mm hg.
Vapor must first be condensed to sat. liquid at
'10
mm hg.
Q" =
irs, Table -1a;
i'n
=
164.8 Btu/lbmu for 1 lbm of vapor o
9. =
1064.8 Btu
at 50 F, P
=
0.178 psia or
15-17 (continued)
P
=
10 mm hg
Locate point I at x
=
0; P
=
10 mm hg
Locate point s atx
=
0.6
;
P
=
10 mm hg
ffru=1;m.=5
ms5mv
mm6ms
5-
E
lv
=
;
tS
=
i
x 45'5

37.g (depends on scale used)
ob
(a) x
=
0.50
(b)
Q, =
i,
-
io
=
-50
-
(-70)
=
20 Btu / lbm of solution
Exerpts rom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enoled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnslion of his rk beyond th pemed
by Sectins 07 or ]08 ofhe ]976 tnited Ss Canrioh ?r1!a!"^''a
n'^ ' '
311
Qtot
:
1064.8
+ (6 x 20)
=
1
,184.8
Btu
i
70
h9
0.5 0.6
+
0.8
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not_for_profit basis fo testing or instructional purposes only to
students enolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsltion of his ork beyond th permited
b Sections ]07 or ]08 fhe ]976 [kitad Stntc nh1'';-L}
^l''':'1'''
' ''
lm
ib
\m
-1
311
ADDENDUM
to
Solutions Manua fr McQuiston, VAC 6e
Probem 6-10
For the floor, it is unlear what2 in. vertial edge insulation means (whether 2 in. is the
thikness of insulation or the depth of the edge insulated).
.
The solution assumes that the insulation has R-value of 5.4 hr-ft2-oF/Btu and the
depth of the edge is 2 ft.
For the door, Table 5-8 in the 6th edition does not have U-value for the wood storm door
and there are three types of the wood door with 1 % in. thickness.

The solution assumes that the doors are panel doors with metal storm dor; hene,
its U-value is 0.28 But/hr-ft'-'F.
robem 7-9
The standard time zone for ottawa, ontario is astern Standard Time instead of Central
Standard Time.
.
The solution uses Eastern Standard Time.
Prblem 7-14
For the specified loatin, the sunset ours before 9:00 p.m. CDST on J une 21.

The solution uses 8:0 p.m. CDST instad of 9:00 p.m.
Prblems 8-25 and 8-26
Both problems do not specifu the window orientation.
.
The solutions assume the west-facing window for both prblems.
Tabte 8-20
Reommended radiative and convetive frations for solar heat gains should be revised
sine the 6th edition uses the SHGC values in the calulation of the (ombined) solar heat
gain for the RS methd.
Example 8-16
he example actually uses 90%/10% of radiative/onvetive split of the cmbined solar
heatgain. owever,thetext (page270) says 100%/0oforthetransmittedsolarheatgain
and 6301370 for the absorbed slar heat gain.
L--**-
312
Probems 8_25 and 8-26
The solutions for both problems use 90%11,0% for the combined solar heat gain.
Exampe 9_1
The alulation for this example should be
"
=
('111?2oi19.']!o:9
_
22'606
(0.ssx70- 0)(1000)
(Changing 13 to24 and 122790 to 122606).

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SOLUTION MANUAL

From Eq. 7-8;

Note that static pressure

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