LI GII MT S BI TP

TON CAO CP 2
Li gii mt s bi tp trong ti liu ny dng tham kho. C mt s bi tp do mt s
sinh vin gii. Khi hc, sinh vin cn la chn nhng phng php ph hp v n gin
hn. Chc anh ch em sinh vin hc tp tt
BI TP V HNG CA MA TRN
Bi 1:
Tnh hng ca ma trn:

1) A

h1(

2)

2) A

h2(-2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

h3(

h5

7)

8)

9)

10)

Bi 2:
Bin lun theo tham s

1)

hng ca cc ma trn:

h1

Vy :
- Nu = 0 th r(A) = 3
- Nu 0 th r(A) = 4

2) A

c1

Vy:
- Nu = 0 th r(A) = 2
- Nu 0 th r(A) = 3

3) A

h1

th r(A) = 2
th r(A) = 3

h13

Vy:
- Khi
- Khi

4) A

h2

Vy :
-

Nu = 0 th r(A) = 2
Nu 0 th r(A) = 3

BI TP V MA TRN NGHCH O
V PHNG TRNH MA TRN
Bi 1:
Tm ma trn nghch o ca cc ma trn sau:

1) A

Ta c:

A I

2) A

Ta c:

3) A

Ta c:

A I

Vy ma trn A l ma trn kh nghch v A = 5

1

-1

4) A

Ta c:

A I

29

11

18

7
1

h2(-2)

h3

5) A

Ta c:

 1 2 2 1 0 0

A 2 1 2 0 1 0

2 2 1 0 0 1

h 2 2 h 3

1 2
0 3
0 0

5
9
2
0 1 0
9
2
0 0 1
9
2
2
9
9

1
2

9
9

2 1

9 9

1 2 0

h 3 2 h 2
h 3 2 h1

2
6
9

1
9

2
1
A
9

2
9

1 2 2
0 3 6

0 6 3

1
h 2
1
3
1 0 0

1
h 3

9
2
1 0
0

2 2 1

4
2

1
9
9

1
2 h 2 2 h1

9
9

2 1
0

9 9

h1 2 h 2
h1 2 h 3

1 0 0

2 1
0

2 0 1
2 2 1 0
2
1
1 2
3
3
2
2
0 1

9
9
1 2
0 0
9 9
2 1
1 0
9 9
2
2
0 1

9
9

Bi 2
Gii cc phng trnh ma trn sau
1 2
3 5
1)
X

3 4
5 9
1 2
3 5
t A
; B

3 4
5 9
Ta c: AX B X A1 B
1 2
A

3 4

2
d
4 2
b
1
1

3
ad bc
1.4 2.3 3 1
c a
2
1
3 5 1 1

5 9
2 3

2
1 2

5 6

2
X 3

2
3 2
2) X

5 4

10

1
1

9
2
9

2
9

 3 2
1 2
; B

5 4
5 6
Ta c: XA B X BA1
t A

3 2
A

5 4
1

2
X 5

2
d
4 2
b
1
1

5
ad bc
3.(4) 5.(
c a
2) 5 3
2

1
3

2

1 2 3 2

5 6 5 4

1 2 3
1 3

3) 3 2 4 X 10 2
2 1 0

10 7
Gii:
1 2 3
1

t A 3 2 4 ; B 10
2 1 0

10
Ta c: AX B X A1 B

8
3
2

7
7 8

Bng phng php tm ma trn nghch o ta c:

4 3 2 1 3

Suy ra: X 8 6 5 10 2
7 5 4 10 7

7
8

6 4

2 1
3 3

5 3 1 8 3 0

0
4) X 1 3 2 5 9
5 2 1 2 15

0
5 3 1
8 3 0

t A 1 3 2 ; B 5 9 0
5 2 1

2 15 0
Ta c: XA B X BA1
Bng phng php tm ma trn nghch o ta c:

11

4 3 2

A 8 6 5
7 5 4

2
3
1

1
3

2

1
1
3
19 19 19

9
10
11
1

A
19
19
19

13 25 18

19
19
19

Suy ra:

8 3 0

X BA A 5 9 0
2 15 0

14
3 1 5 6
X

9
5 2 7 8
3 1
5 6
t A
; B

5 2
7 8
5)

1
19

9
19

13
19

1
19
10
19
25

19

3

19

11
19

18

19

1 2

4 5

7 8

6
9

16

10

14 16

; C

9 10

Ta c: AXB C X A1CB 1
3 1
A

5 2

5 6
B

7 8
1

2 1

5 3
4 3

7
5

2
2

Suy ra:

4 3
4 3
19 22
2 1 14 16

1 2

X
5
5

7
7

43 50

3 4
5 3 9 10
2
2

2 2

12

BI TP V
H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH
Bi 1:
Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
7 x1 2 x2 3 x3 15

1) 5 x1 3 x2 2 x3 15
10 x 11x 5 x 36
1
2
3

Gii:
Ta c:
7
2 3 15

A B 5 3 2 15 hh2(2(2)1)hh13
10 11 5 36

h1 h 2

1 13 0 15

1 0
2 5
0 5 1 6

2 5 1 0

3 2 15

0 5 1 6

h1( 2) h 2

1 13 0 15

0 31 1 30

0 5 1 6

h1( 2) h 2

2
1
0

h 3 (6) h 2

5
13
5

1 0

0 15

1
6

1 13 0 15

0 1 7 6
0 5 1 6

1 13 0 15

7 6
0 1
0 0 36 36

H phng trnh cho tng ng vi h phng trnh:

x1 13 x2 15
x1 2

x2 7 x3 6 x2 1
36 x 36
x 1
3
3

h 2(5) h 3

2 x1 x2 2 x3 10

2) 3x1 2 x2 2 x3 1
5 x 4 x 3x 4
1
2
3
Gii:
Ta c:
2 1 2 10
A B 3 2 2 1
5 4 3 4

2 1 2 10

1 1 4 9

h1 h 2
4 9
2 10
1 1
2 1

1 2 7 16

1 2 7 16

1 1
4 9
1 1
4 9
h1( 2) h 2

h1( 1)h 2 0 1
10 28
h 2 h 3 0 1 10 28
0 1

3 7

0 0 7 21
H phng trnh cho tng ng vi h phng trnh:
h1( 1) h 2
h1( 2) h 3

13

 x1 x2 4 x3 9
x1 1

x2 10 x3 28 x2 2
7 x 21
x 3
3
3

x1 2 x2 x3 3

3) 2 x1 5 x2 4 x3 5
3x 4 x 2 x 12
2
3
1
Gii:
Ta c:
1 2 1 3
A B 2 5 4 5
3 4 2 12

1 2 1 3

1 2

h 2(2) h 3
2 1
0 1
0 1

0 0
0 2 5 3

H phng trnh cho tng ng vi h phng trnh:

x1 2 x2 x3 3 x1 2

x2 2 x3 1 x2 1
x 1
x 1
3
3
h1( 2) h 2
h1( 3) h 3

2 x1 x2 3x3 1

4) 5 x1 2 x2 6 x3 5
3x x 4 x 7
3
1 2
Gii:
Ta c:
2 1 3 1
A B 5 2 6 5 hh3(3(2)1)hh12
3 1 4 7

h 2( 2) h 3

1 2 1 6

1 3
0 2
0 1 3 5

1 2 1 6

h1( 1) h 2
2 9

h1(3) h 3
1 4
3 1 4 7

1 2 1 6

h 2( 2) h3
h 2 h3
0 1 3 5

0 2 1 3

H phng trnh cho tng ng vi h phng trnh:

x1 2 x2 x3 6
x1 3

x2 2
x2 3 x3 5
7x 7
x 1
3
3

2 x1 x2 2 x3 8

5) 3x1 2 x2 4 x3 15
5x 4 x x 1
2
3
1

14

1
2
1

1
1

1 2 1 6

0 2 1
3

0 5 1 11
1 2 1 6

5
0 1 3

0 0 7 7

Gii:
Ta c:
2 1 2 8
1 1 2 7
1

h 2( 1) h1

h1(3) h 2
A B 3 2 4 15 h 2( 2)h3 3 2 4 15 h1( 1) h3 0
5 4 1 1

1 0 7 29

1 1 2 7

h 2 h 3 0 1 2 6
0 0 7 28

H phng trnh cho tng ng vi h phng trnh:

x1 x2 2 x3 7
x1 1

x2 2
x2 2 x3 6
7 x 28
x 4
3
3

x1 2 x2 3x3 1

6) 2 x1 5 x2 8 x3 4
3 x 8 x 13 x 7
2
3
1
Gii:
Ta c:
1 2 3 1
A B 2 5 8 4
3 8 13 7

1
1
1

1 2 3 1

1 2 3 1

h 2( 2) h 3
0
1
2
2
0 1 2 2

0 0 0 0
0 2 4 4

H phng trnh cho tng ng vi h phng trnh:

x1 3 x3
x1 3 t
x1 2 x2 3 x3 1

x2 2 2 x3
x2 2 2t t R

x2 2 x3 2
x tu
x t
3
3 y
h1( 2) h 2
h1( 3) h 3

Bi 2:
Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
2 x1 2 x2 x3 x4 4
4 x 3x x 2 x 6
1
2
3
4
1)
8 x1 5 x2 3 x3 4 x4 12
3x1 3 x2 2 x3 2 x4 6
Gii:
Ta c:

15

2 7

2 6

5 22

4
A B
8

h2( 3) h3

h1 2 h2
1 4
h1 4 h3

2 6 h1 32 h4

4 12

2 6
2
1
1
4
1
1
0 2

0
2
0
2

0 1/ 2 1/ 2 0
2 x1 2 x2
x3

1
1
3
2

2
3
5
3
2
0

x2

Khi (1)

2 2
1
1
1
0
0 1
0 3
1
0

0 0 1/ 2 1/ 2
2 2 1

1
h3( 1/4) h4 0 1
0 0 2

0 0 0

x4

x3

2 x3

1
1
x4
2
2

T (4) x4 1
Th x4 1 vo (3) x3 1
Th x3 vo (2) ta c: x2 1
Th x3, x2, x4 vo (1) ta c: x1 1

x1 1
x 1
2

Vy nghim ca phng trnh cho l:

x3 1
x4 1

1
2
3

hay (1, 1, -1, -1)

2)

1
2
2

1 5 2 1

3 11 5 2
1 3 2
3

1 3 4 3

16

1
4
0
2

0
2

1/ 2 1/ 2

2 x1 3x2 11x3 5 x4 2
x x 5x 2 x 1
1 2
3
4

2 x1 x2 3x3 2 x4 3
x1 x2 3x3 4 x4 3
Gii:
Ta c:
2 3 11 5 2

1 1 5 2 1 h1 h2

A / B
2 1 3 2 3

1 1 3 4 3

h1 2 h2
h1 2 h3
h1 1 h4

0
0

1 1 1 0

1 7 2 5

0 2 2 4

1 1

0 1

h2 h3

1 1

0 1
0 0

0 0

2 1

1 1 0
6 1 5

2 2 4

2
1 1
h3 h4 0 1
0 0 2 2

0 0 6 1

1 1

0
h3(-3) h4

0 0 2 2 4

0 0 0 7 7
(1)
x1 x2 5 x3 2 x4 1

x2 x3 x4 0
(2)

Suy ra: (2)

2 x3 2 x4 4
(3)

7 x4 7
(4)
T (4) x4 1
Th x4 1 vo (3) x3 1
Th x3, x4 vo (2) ta c: x2 0
Th x3, x2, x4 vo (1) ta c: x1 2
5
1

2
1

Vy nghim ca phng trnh cho l:

x 1 2
x 0
2

x3 1
x 4 1

hay (-2, 0, 1, -1)

2 x1 7 x2 3 x3 x4 6

3) 3x1 5 x2 2 x3 2 x4 4
9x 4x x 7x 2
1
2
3
4
2 7 3 1 6
A / B 3 5 2 2 4
9 4 1 7 2

4
2

2
1 2 1
h2(-2) h3

5 1 10

0 11 5
0 22 10 2 20
0 0 0

Phng trnh a cho tng ng vi phng

h1(3)+h2
h1(3)+h3

1 2

0 11

1 2 1 1
3 5 2 2
9 4 1 7

h2(-1) h1

17

1 2

1 10
0 0
trnh:

0
4

(1)
x1 2 x2 x3 x4 2

11x2 5 x3 x4 10 (2)

(2) : x4 11x2 5 x3 10

(1) x1 2 x2 x3 11x2 5 x3 10 2 x1 9 x2 4 x3 8
Vy nghim ca h phng trnh cho l:
x1 - 9t - 4 s 8
x1 9 x2 4 x3 8
x t
x tu
2
2 y y
t , s R
hay

s
x
tu
y
y
3
2

x4 11x2 5 x3 10
x 11t 5s 10
4
3x1 5 x2 2 x3 4 x4 2

4) 7 x1 4 x2 x3 3x4 5
5x 7 x 4 x 6 x 3
2
3
4
1
Ta c:
3 5 2 4 2

h1(-2) h2

A / B 7 4 1 3 5

5 7 4 6 3

1 6 3 5 1
h1 3 h 2

h1 5 h 3
h1 h 2

3 5 2
4
2
5 7 4 6 3

1 6 3 5 1
h 2 1 h 3

1
0 23 11 19
0 0
0 0 1

x1 6 x2 3 x3 5 x4 0

Suy ra: (4) 23 x2 11x3 19 x4 1

0 1

2 x1 x2 x3 x4 1
2x x
3 x4 2
1 2

5)

x3 x4 3
3 x1
3 x1 2 x2 2 x3 5 x4 6

18

3 5

4
1 6 3 5
5 7 4 6
2

1
3

3 5 1

1
0 23 11 19

0 23 11 19 2

h v nghim

 2 1 1 1 1
0
1) h 3

hh 2(

2( 1) h 4
2 1 0 3 2 h 2( 1) h1 2

A B 3 0 1 1 3
1

3 2 2 5 6
0
1 1 1 4 5

2 1 0 3 2 h1( 2) h 2
h1 h 3

0 0 1 2 1

0 3 2 8 8

h 2 h 4

0 1 2 1

1 0 3 2
1 1 4
5

3 2 8 8
1 1 1 4 5

0 3 2 11 12
0 0 1
2 1

0 3 2 8 8

1 1 1 4 5

0 3 2 11 12
0 0 1
2 1

0 0 0 3 4

He phng trnh a cho tng ng vi he phng trnh:

x1 0
x 2
x1 x2 x3 4 x4 5
2
3 x 2 x 11x 12
5 4

2
3
4
x3 5 hay 0, 2, ,

x3 2 x4 1
3 3

4
3 x4 4
x4
3

x1 2 x2 3x3 4 x4 11
2 x 3x 4 x x 12
1
2
3
4

6)

3 x1 4 x2 x3 2 x4 13
4 x1 x2 2 x3 3 x4 14
Giai
1 2 3 4 11

h 2
2 3 4 1 12 hh1(1( 2)

A B 3 4 1 2 13 h1( 3)4)hh34

4 1 2 3 14

1 2
3
4 11

0 1 2 7 10
0 2 8 10 20

0 7 10 13 30

1 2 3 4 11
1

0 1 2 7 10 h3 h 4 0
h 2( 2) h 3

h 2( 7) h 4

0 0 4 4 0
0

0 0 4 36 40
0
He phng trnh a cho tng ng

19

2 3 4 11

1 2 7 10
0 4 4 0

0 0 40 40

vi he phng trnh:

 x1 2 x2 3 x3 4 x4 11
x 2 x 7 x 10

2
3
4

x1 2

x2 1

hay
4x3 4 x4 0
x3 1
x4 1
40x4 40

2,1,1,1

x1 2 x2 3x3 4 x4 4

x2 x3 + x4 3

7)

3x4 1
x1 3x2
7 x2 3 x3 x4 3
Giai
1 2 3 4 4

0 1 1 1 3

A B 1 3 0 3 1

0 7 3 1 3

h1( 1) h 3

1 2 3 4 4

3
0 1 1 1
0 5 3 1
3

0 7 3 1 3

1 2 3 4 4

0 1 1 1 3
0 0 2 4 12

0 0 4 8 24

1 2 3 4 4

0 1 1 1 3
h 2( 5) h 3
h 3(2) h 4

h 2(7) h 4
0 0 2 4 12

0 0 0 0 0
He phng trnh a cho tng ng vi he phng trnh:
x1 8
x1 8
x1 2 x2 3x3 4 x4 4
x x 3
x t 3

2
4
2
x2 x3 x4 3

t R

2
x

6
x
3
4
3 2t 6

2x3 4 x4 12

x4 tu
x4 t
y y
3 x1 4 x2 x3 2 x4 3

8) 6 x1 8 x2 2 x3 5 x4 7
9 x 12 x 3x 10 x 13
1
2
3
4
Giai
3 4 1 2 3

h1( 2) h 2
A B 6 8 2 5 7 h1( 3)h3
9 12 3 10 13

He phng trnh a cho tng

3 4 1 2 3

3 4 1

h 2( 4) h 3
0 0
0 1 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 4 4

ng vi he phng trnh:

20

23

1 1

00

 x1 1 3t 4s
x3 1 3 x1 4 x2

3 x1 4 x2 x3 2 x4 3
x2 t
x4 1

x4 1

x ,x tu
x3 s
1 2 y y
x4 1
9 x1 3 x2 5 x3 6 x4 4

9) 6 x1 2 x2 3x3 4 x4 5
3 x x 3 x 14 x 8
3
4
1 2
Giai
9 3 5 6 4
3 1 3 14
8

h 3 h1

6 2 3
4 5
A B 6 2 3 4 5
3 1 3 14 8

9 3 5 6 4

3 1 3 14 8
3 1

h 3 h 4

1
8 7
0 0
0 0
0 0 1 9 7
0 0

He phng trnh a cho tng ng

1
13

x1 x2

3 x1 x2 3 x3 14 x4 8
3
3

y y
x3 8 x4 7 x2 tu

x 7
x4 0

x4 0

1
h 2
3
1
h 3
4

t, s R

3
0
0

h1( 2) h 2
h1( 3) h 3

x4 0

10)

21

1 3 14 8

0
3 24 21

0 4 36 28

3 14 8

1 8 7
0 1 0

vi he phng trnh:
1 13
x1 t
3
3
x2 t
t R
x3 7

3 x1 2 x2 5 x3 x4 3
2 x 3 x x 5 x 3
1
2
3
4

4 x4 3
x1 2 x2
x1 x2 4 x3 9 x4 22
Giai
3 2 5 1 3
1 2

2 3 1 5 3 h1 h 3 2 3

A B 1 2 0 4 3
3 2

1 1 4 9 22
1 1
1 2 0 4 3
1

h1( 2) h 2
0 7 1 13 3 h 3( 1) h 2 0
h1( 3) h 3

h1( 1) h 4

0 8 5 13 12 h 3( 1) h 4 0

0 3 4 13 25
0

0
1
5
4

4 3

5
3
1 3

9 22
2 0 4 3

1 6 0 9
8 5 13 12

5 1 0 13

 h3

hh2(2(8)
5) h 4

0
0

2 0 4 3

1 6
0 9

0 43 13 60

0 29 0 58

1
h 4 h 3
29

1
0
0
0

2 0 4 3

1 6 0 9
0 1 0 2

0 43 13 60

1 2

0 4 3

0 1 6 0 9
h 3(43) h 4

0 0 1 0 2

0 0 0 13 26
He phng trnh a cho tng ng vi he phng trnh:
x1 2 x2 4 x4 3 x1 1
x 6 x 9

2
x2 3
3

x3 2
x3 2
13 x4 26
x4 2

11)

x1 x2 6 x3 4 x4 6
3x x 6 x 4 x 2
1 2
3
4

2 x1 3 x2 9 x3 2 x4 6
3x1 2 x2 3x3 mx4 7

Giai

1 1 6 4 6
1 1 6 4 6

h1( 3) h 2

3 1 6 4 2 h1( 2) h 3 0 4 12 8 16

A B 2 3 9 2 6 h1( 3)h 4 0 1 21 10 6

3
2
3
8

7
0

1
21
20

25

1 1 6 4 6
1 1 6 4 6

1
h 2
0 1 3 2 4
0 1 3 2 4
h 2 h3
4

0 1 21 10 6 h 2( 1) h 4 0 0 24 12 10

0 1 21 20 25
0 0 18 18 21
1 1 6 4 6
1 1 6 4 6

1
1
h 4 h 3
0 1 3 2 4 h 3( 2) h 4 0 1 3 2 4

3
2

0 0 6 6 7
0 0 6 6 7

0 0 12 6 5
0 0 0 6 9
He phng trnh a cho tng ng vi he phng trnh:

22

 x1 0
x1 x2 6 x3 4 x4 3 x 2
2
x 3 x 2 x 4
2

3
4
x3 1

6
x

6
x

7
3
4
3

6 x4 9

3
x4

2
2 x1 x2 x3 x4 1
2 x x 3x 2
1 2
4

12)

3 x1 x3 x4 3
2 x1 2 x2 2 x3 5 x4 6
Giai
2 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1 1

h1( 1) h 2

2 1 0 3 2 h1( 1) h 3 0 0 1 2 1

A B 3 0 1 1 3 h1( 1) h 4 1 1 2 2 4

2 2 2 5 6
0 3 3 6
7
1 1 2 2 4
1 1 2 2 4

0 0 1 2 1 h1 2 h 2 0 0 1 2 1
h1 h 3

2 1 1 1 1
0 3 5 5 9

0 3 3 6 7
0 3 3 6 7
1 1 2 2 4
1 1 2 2 4

0 0 1 2 1 h 2 h 3 0 3 5 5 9
h 3 h 4

0 3 5 5 9
0 0 1 2 1

0 0 2 1 2
0 0 2 1 2
1 1 2 2 4

0 3 5 5 9
h 3 2 h 4

0 0 1 2 1

0
0
0

3
4

He phng trnh a cho tng ng vi he phng trnh:

x1 0
x 2
x1 x2 2 x3 2 x4 4
2
3 x 5 x 5 x 9

2
3
4
x3 5

3
x3 2 x4 1

3x4 4

4
x4
3

23

 3 x1 5 x2 3 x3 2 x4 12
4 x 2 x 5 x 3 x 27
1
2
3
4

13)

7 x1 8 x2 x3 5 x4 40
6 x1 4 x2 5 x3 3 x4 41
Giai
3 5 3 2 12

h1( 1) h 2
4 2 5 3 27
A B 7 8 1 5 40 hh1(1(2)2)hh43

6 4 5 3 41

1 2 5 1 16

1 7 8 1 15 h1( 1) h 2
h1 h 3

3 5 3 2 12 h1( 3) h 3

0 6 11 117
h3

hh2(2(2)
1) h 4

h 2(h 25) h3h 4

h 3 18 h 4

3 5 3 2 12

1 7 8 1 15
1 2 5 1 16

0 6 11 117

1 2 5
1 16

0 1
0 5 3
0 11 18 1 36

0 6 11 1 17

1 2 5
1 16

0 1 h 2 h 4
0 5 3

0 1 12 1 38

0 1 8 1 18
1 2 5
1 16

1 18 h 3 12
0 1 8

0 0 4 2 20

0 0 37 5 91
1 2 5 1 16

1 18
0 1 8

0 0 2 1 10

0 0 1 23 89

h 3 h 4

1 2 5
1 16

0 1 8 1 18

0 1 12 1 38

0 5 3
0 1
1 2 5
1 16

0 1 8 1 18
0 0
2
1 10

0 0 37 5 91

1 2 5 1 16

0 1 8 1 18
0 0 1 23 89

0 0 2 1 10

1 2 5 1 16

0 1 8 1 18
h 3(2) h 4

0 0 1 23 89

0 0 0 47 188
He phng trnh a cho tng ng vi he phng trnh:
x1 2 x2 5 x3 x4 16
x1 1
x 8 x x 18

x2 2
2
3
4

x3 23x4 89
x3 3
47 x4 188
x4 4

24

 4 x1 4 x2 5 x3 5 x4 0
2x
3 x3 x4 10
1

14)

x1 x2 5 x3

3 x2 2 x3
Giai
Ta co:
4 4 5

2 0 3
A B 1 1 5

0 3 2

h1( 2) h 2
h1( 4) h 3

h 2( 3) h 4

h 3(9) h 4

h 3( 5) h 4

10
1

5 0

1 10 h1 h 3

0 10

0 1

1 1 5 0 10

1 30
0 2 13

0 0 25 5 40

0 3 2 0 1
1

0
0

0
1

0
0

0
1

0
0

1 5 0 10

1 15 1 31

0 25 5 40

0 43 3 92

1 5 0 10

1 15 1 31

0 5 1 8

0 2 12 20

1 5 0
0 3 1
4 5 5
3 2 0

1
2
4
0

h 4 h 2

1
h 3
5

1
h 4 h 3
2

10

31
40

1 1 5 0 10

0 1 15 1 31
0 0 5
1 8

0 0 43 3 92
1 1 5 0 10

0 1 15 1 31
0 0 1 6 10

0 0 5 1 8
1
0
0
0

1 5
1 15
0 25
3 2

10

10
0

1
0
1
5
0

1 5 0 10

1 15 1 31
0 1
6 10

0 0 29 58

He phng trnh a cho tng ng vi he phng trnh:

x1 x2 5 x3 10
x1 1
x 15 x x 31

2
x2 1
3
4

x3 6 x4 10
x3 2
29 x4 58
x4 2

25

 2 x1 x2 3x3 2 x4 4
3x 3x 3x 2 x 6
1
2
3
4

15)

3 x1 x2 x3 2 x4 6
3 x1 x2 3 x3 x4 6
Gii:
2 1 3 2 4

1) h1
3 3 3 2 6 hh 2(
2( 1) h 3

A
B

3 1 1 2 6 h 2( 1)h 4

3 1 3 1 6

h1(3) h 2
h 3( 1) h 4

h 2(9) h 3

1 4 0 0 2

3 2 0
0 9

0 4 4 4 0

0 0 4 1 0
1 4 0 0 2

1 0
0 1 1

0 0 12 11 0

0 0 4 1 0
1 4

0 1
0 0

0 0

1 4

3 3
0 4

0 4

1
h 3 h 2

h 4h 3
0
0

0 0 2

3 2 6
4 4 0

0 3 0
1 4 0 0 2

0 1 1 1 0
0 9 3 2 0

0 0 4 1 0
4 0 0 2

1 1 1 0
0 4 1 0

0 12 11 0

0 2

1 0
h 3( 3) h 4

1 0

8 0

He phng trnh a cho tng ng vi he phng trnh:

x1 4 x2 2
x1 2
x x x 0

2 3 4
x2 0

4 x3 x4 0
x3 0
8 x4 0
x4 0
0
1
4
0

x1 x2 2 x3 3x4 1
3 x x x 2 x 4
1 2 3
4

16)

2 x1 3 x2 x3 x4 6
x1 2 x2 3x3 x4 4

Gii:

26

 1 1 2 3 1

3 1 1 2 4

A B 2 3 1 1 6

1 2 3 1 4

h 2 h3

1 1
2
3 1

7 8
0 1 5

0 4 7 11 7

0 1 1 4 5

h 2(4) h 3
h 2( 1) h 3

1 2 3 1

1 5 7 8 h 4( 5) h 3

0 9 13 13

0 2 1 1

1 1 2 3 1

0 1 5 7 8
h 3(2) h 4

0 0 1 8 8

0 0 0 17 17
He phng trnh a cho tng
x1 x2 2 x3 3x4 2
x1 1
x 5 x 7 x 8

2
x2 1
3
4

x3 8 x4 8
x3 0
17 x4 17
x4 1
1
h 3
3
1
h 4
3

h1( 3) h 2
h1( 2) h 3
h1( 1) h 4

0
0

1 1
2
3 1

0 4 7 11 7
0 1 5 7 8

0 1 1 4 5
1 1 2
3 1

0 1 5 7 8
0 0 27 39 39

3 3
0 0 6

1
0
0
0

1 2 3 1

1 5 7
8
0 1 8 8

0 2 1 1

ng vi he phng trnh:

x1 2 x2 3x3 4 x4 5
2 x x 2 x 3x 1
1 2
3
4

17)

3 x1 2 x2 x3 2 x4 1
4 x1 3x2 2 x3 x4 5
Gii:
1 2 3 4 5

h1( 2) h 2
2 1 2 3 1
A B 3 2 1 2 1 hh1(1( 3)4)hh34

4 3 2 1 5

1 2 3
4 5

0 1 4
5 5
h 3( 1) h 2

h 3( 1) h3

0 4 8 10 14

11

1 2
3
4 5

0 3 4 5 9
0 4 8 10 14

0 5 10 15 25
1 2 3 4 5

h 2(4) h 3
0 1 4 5 5
h 2h 4
0 0 8 10 6

0
0
2
0

27

 1 2 3 4 5
1 2

0 1 4 5 5 h 3( 4) h 4 0 1
h 3 h 4

0 0 2 0 6
0 0

0 0 8 10 6
0 0
He phng trnh a cho tng ng
x1 2 x2 3x3 4 x4 5 x1 2
x 4x 5x 5

2
x2 2
3
4

2 x3 6
x3 3
10 x4 30
x4 3

3 4 5

4 5 5
2 0 6

0 10 30
vi he phng trnh:

x1 x2 x3 x4 2
x 2 x 3x 4 x 2
1
2
3
4

18)

2 x1 3x2 5 x3 9 x4 2
x1 x2 2 x3 7 x4 2
Gii:
1 1 1 1 2
1

h1( 1) h 2
1 2 3 42
0
A B 2 3 5 9 2 hh1(1(2)1)hh43 0

1 1 2 7 2
0
1 1 1 1 2

0 1 2 3 0
h 3( 1) h 4

0 0 1 4 2

0
0
0
2
2

He phng trnh a cho tng

x1 x2 x3 x4 2
x1 2
x 2 x 3x 0

2
x2 9
3
4

x3 4 x4 2
x3 6
2 x4 2
x4 1

1
1
1
0

1
2

3
1

12

3 0
7 2

6 0

h 2( 1) h 3

1
0
0
0

1
1
0
0

1
2
1
1

ng vi he phng trnh:

Bi 3:
Gii cc h phng trnh tuyn tnh thun nht sau:

28

1 2

3 0
4 2

6 0

 2x 1 x 2 4 x 3 0

1) 3x 1 5x 2 7 x 3 0
4 x 5x 6 x 0
1 2 3
2 1 4 0
A / B 3 5 7 0 h3(-1)
4 5 6 0

49
1 11 11 0
h2 - h3
28

0 28 8 0
0 0
0 0

1 11 5

3 5

4 5 6

h2 h1

Ta c: (1)

x 1 11x 2 11x 3 0 (1)

28x 2 8x 3 0 (2)

T (2) x3

28
x2
8

55
28
x2
x2
2
8

Th x3 vo (1), ta c: x1 11x2 11

Vy nghim ca h phng trnh cho l:

55
x

x2
1

y
x 2 tuy

x3

2)

3x 1 5 x 2 2 x 3 0
4 x 7 x 5x 0
1 2 3

x 1 x 2 4x 3 0
2x 1 9x 2 6x 3 0

29

28
x2
8

h1(-3)+h2
h1(-4)+h3

11 0

0 28 8 0
0 49 14 0

11

4
A / B
1

5 2
7 5
1 4
9 6

0 h1h3

1
4
3

1
7

5
9

1
0

h1 4 h2
h1 3 h3
h1 2 h4

0
1 1 4

h 2 1 h 3
0 h 2 1 h 4 0 1 7

0 0 0
0

0
0 0 5
x1 x2 4 x3 0

x2 7 x3 0 x1 x2 x3 0
Ta c: (2)

5 x3 0

1 1 1
h 2 , h 3 , h 4
3 2 7

1 4
1 7
1 7
1 2

4
5
2
6

0
0

1
0
0

h 3 h 4

1
0

2 x1 x2 3x3 7 x4 0

3) 4 x1 2 x2 7 x3 5 x4 0
2 x x x 5x 0
4
1 2 3
Giai
2 1 3 7 0
2 1 3
7 0

h1( 2) h 2

h 2(2) h 3

A B 4 2 7 5 0 h1(1)h3 0 0 1 9 0
2 1 1 5 0

0 0 2 12 0

He phng trnh a cho tng ng vi he phng

x2 2 x1
x1 t
2 x1 x2 3 x3 7 x4 0
x 0
x 2t

2
x3 9 x4 0

t R

x3 0
x4 0

x4 0

x1 tu
y y x4 0
x1 2 x2 4 x3 3x4 0
3x 5x 6 x 4 x 0
1
2
3
4

4)

4 x1 5 x2 2 x3 3 x4 0
3 x1 8 x2 24 x3 19 x4 0
Giai

30

4
21
14
14

1
3
2
7

1 4 0
1 7 0

0 5 0

0 0 0

0
0

0
0
trnh:

1 3 7 0

0 1 9 0
0 0 6 0

1 2

3 5

0
A B

4 5 2 3 0

3 8 24 19 0

3) h 3

hh2(2(2)
h3

4
6

3
4

h ( 3) h 2
h ( 4) h 3
h ( 3) h 4

1 2
4 3 0

5 0
0 1 6
0 3 18 15 0

0 2 12 10 0

1 2 4 3 0

0 1 6 5 0
0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

He phng trnh a cho tng ng vi he phng trnh:

x1 8t 7 s
x1 8 x3 7 x4

x1 2 x2 4 x3 3x4 0

x2 6t 5s
x2 6 x3 5 x4
t, s R

x2 6 x3 5 x4 0
x3 t

x ,x tu

3 4 y y
x4 s
BI TP V NH THC
Bi 1
Tnh cc nh thc cp 2:
1) D =
2) D =
3) D =
4) D =

= 5.3 7.2 = 15 14 = 1
= 3.5 8.2 = 15 16 = -1

n 1

n 1

= (n+1)(n-1) n2 = n2 - 1 - n2 = -1

cos

sin

sin

cos

= cos2

+sin2 = 1

Bi 2:
Tnh cc nh thc cp 3:
1) D =

2) D =

3) D =

2
5

1
3

3
2

3
2
3

2
5
4

1
3
2

4
3

3
2

5
8

= 18+2+60-9-16-15 = 40

= 30+18+8-15-36-8 = -3

= 40-24-105+10+224-45=100

31

4) D =

5) D =

3
4
5

2
1
2

4
2
3

1
1

1
2

1
3

=-9-20-32+20+12+24= -5

= 12 + 3 + 3 2 9 6 = 1

a b c a b
6) D b c a b c
c a b c a
acb bac cba c 3 a 3 b3 3abc c3 a 3 b3
7) D =

0
b
0

a
c
e

0
d
0

=0

a x x a x
8) D x b x x b
x x c x x

abc x 3 x 3 bx 2 ax 2 cx 2 abc 2 x 3 x 2 a b c
ax
x
x ax x
b x
x
x bx
9) D x
x
x
cx
x
x
a x b x c x x3 x3 x 2 b x x 2 a x x 2 c x

ab ax bx x 2 c x x 3 x 3 bx 2 x 3 x 2 a x 3 x 2c x 3
abc abx acx ax 2 bcx bx 2 cx 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 bx 2 x 3 x 2 a x 3 x 2c x 3
abc abx acx bcx

32

10) D

a
b

b
c

c
bc
2
1

a
ca
2
b

1
a b c 1
1

c
a

a
b

ca
2

M 31

c 3 c 2 c1

4
3
c
4

4
3
4

2
4
3

3
2
1

1
2
3

2
4

3
2

4
3

M 34

1
1

b
1
ab
1
2

1
2 h3
31
(1) a M 31 b M 32 c M 33 d M 34
d
3

2
4
3

M 33

a
ca
2

c
a

a b
1
2

M 32

b
c

1
10

3
2
1

a bc
bca

c a b
b
1
ab
1
abc
2
c
1

c
a

Bi 3
Tnh cc nh thc:
2 3
4 2
1) D
a b
3 1
*

1
1

4
3
4

1
2
3
1
2
3

= -27 -8 -8 + 3 +24 + 24 = 8

= 18 + 24 + 16 9 16 48 = -15
= -12 18 4 + 6 +4 +36 = 12
= -16 -27 16 + 24 + 6 +48 = 19

Vy: D = 8a+15b+12c-19d
1
3 c 2
2 1
1 a M 21 b M 22 c M 23 d M 24
2
4

5 a 2
4 b 4
2) D
2 c 3
4 d 5
*
*

M 12

M 22

=
=

4
2

4
3

3
2

5
2
4

2
3
5

1
2
4

= -48 32 30 + 36 + 40 + 32 = -2
= -60 -16 10 + 12 + 50 +16 = -8

33

M 32

M 42

5
4
4

=
=

2
4
5

5
4
2

2
4
3

1
3
4
1
3
2

= -80 24 20 + 16 + 75 + 32 = -1
= -40 -12 12 + 8 + 45 + 16 = 5

Vy: D = - (-2a + 8b c - 5d) = 2a - 8b + c + 5d

a
0
D
1
0

3
b
2
0

0
0
c
0

5
a 3 0
2 h4
4 1
( 1) d M 44 d 0 b 0 abcd
3
1 2 c
d

1
2
4) D
3
d

0
0
c
0

2
b
4
0

a
0 2 a
0 h4
4 1
(1) d M 41 d 0 b 0 abcd
5
c 4 5
0

3)

Bi 4
Tnh cc nh thc sau:
1 1 1 1
h1( 1) h 2
1 1 1 1
h1( 1) h 3
1) D
h1(1)h4
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1
0 2 0 0
1 ( 2) (2) ( 2) 8
0 0 2 0
0 0 0 2

2)
0
1
D
1
1

1
0
1
1

1
1
0
1

1
1 0
1 c1 c 2
0 1


1
1 1
0
1 1

1
1
0
1

1
1 0 1 1
1 h1( 1) h 3
0 1 1 1
h1(1)h4
1
0 1 1 0
0
0 1 0 1

1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 3
3)

34

2 5 1
3 7 1
D
3 9 2
4 6 1

2
1 5 2
4 c1c 3
1 7 3


7
2 9 3
2
1 6 4

2
1 5 2
h1 h 2
4 h1( 2) h 3
0 2 1
h1(1)h4
7
0 1 1
2
0 1 2

2
6
3
0

2 1 6 2 1
1 1 1 3 1 1
1 2 0 1 2
3 12 6 12 3
4)

3 3 5 8
3 2 4 6 h 4 h1
D

2 5 7 5
4 3 5 6

1 0 0 2
h1 3 h 2
3 2 4 6 h1 2 h 3

h14 h4
2 5 7 5
4 3 5 6

2 4 12
1 2 6 1 2
1 5 7 9 1 2 5 7 9 5 7
3 5 14
3 5 14 3 5
2 98 54 150 126 45 140 2 9 18
5)
3 9 3 6
h 3 h1
5 8 2 7
h 3 h 2

D
h 3(1)h 4
4 5 3 2
7 8 4 5

1 4 0 4
1 3 1 5
4 5 3 2
3 3 1 3

1 4
0
4
7 1 9 7 1
0 7 1 9
1 21 3 18 21 3
h1(3)h4
0 21 3 18
15 1 15 15 1
0 15 1 15
h1 h 2
h1( 4) h 3

315 270 189 405 126 315 18

6)

35

1 0 0
2
0 2 4 12
0 5 7 9
0 3 5 14

1
0
D 1
1
1

0
1
2
0
1

1 1 2
1 2 1 h1( 1) h3
h1 h 4
1 0 1 h1h 5
1 0 2
1 1 1

1
0
0
0
0

0
1
2
0
1

1 1 2
1
1 2 1
2
0 1 1 1
0
2 1 4
1
2 0 3

1 2 1
0 1 1
2 1 4
2 0 3

1 1 2 1
2 3 1 2 3
0 2 3 1
h1( 2) h 2
1 2 1 4 2 1
h1(1)h3
0 2 1 4
1 2 4 1 2
0 1 2 4
8 12 4 1 16 24 1
7)
0 0 5
0
0 2 0 2
D 1 3 18 6
4 17 9 15
19 20 24 3

0
1 3 18 6
0
0 2 0 2
h1 h 3
2 0 0 5
0
2
4 17 9 15
5
19 20 24 3

1 3
18
6
2
0 2
0
2
0
h1( 4) h 4

5
0
0 1
h1(19)
0 0
h5
0 5
63
9
6
0 37 318 117 33
h2

( 1)

2 1

2
0
2
0
0
5
0
0
5
63
9
6
37 318 117 33

2
2
0
2 2
5 M 22 5 5
9 6 5
9
37 117 33 37 117

5 594 444 1404 330 5 36 180

8)

36

2
0
0
2
5

1 2
1 3
D 0 5
0 0
0 0

1
2
3
2
0

5
0
h1( 1) h 2

0
0

4 10
5 3
h1( 1) h 2
7 9
3 7
3 15
1
2
2
0

1 2
0 5
0 5
0 0
0 0

1 7
6 16 h 2( 1) h 3

3 7
3 15

5
0
0
0

1
1
3
2
0

4 10
5
1 7
5
7 9 1
0
3 7
0
3 15

1 1
2 6
0 3
0 3

7
16 h 3 h 4

9
15

1
3
2
0

1 7
7 9
3 7
3 15

5
0
0
0

1 1 7
2 6 16
0 3 9
0 0 6

5 2 (3) 6 180
9)

7 3
8 9
D
7 2
5 3

2
4
7
3

6
9 hh1(1( 1)1) hh 32

3 h1( 1) h 4
4

7
3
1 12
0 5
2 6

2 6
1 12
2 3
7
3
h1 h 2

5 3
0 5
1 2
2 6

2 3
2 6
5 3
1 2

1 12 2
3
87 12 15
29 4 5 29 4
0 87 12 15
h1( 7) h 2

1 5
5
3 3 5 5 3 5 5
h1(2)
h 4
0 5
5
3
30 5
4
30 5 4 30 5
0 30 5
4
3 580 360 125 750 435 80 3 (50) 150

37

BI TP V H PHNG TRNH KRAMER

Gii h phng trnh bng phng php Kramer:

x3 1
2 x1

1) x 4 x 2 x 7
1
2
3

5 x2 x3 5

Ta c:
*
*
*
*
V D

0
4
5

1
2
1

Dx1 =

1
7
5

0
4
5

1
2
1

= - 4 + 35 20 + 10 = 21

Dx2 =

2
1
0

1
7
5

1
2
1

= 14 + 5 20 +1 = 0

Dx3 =

2
1
0

0
4
5

D=

2
1
0

= 8 + 5 20 = -7

1
7
5

= 40 5 -70 = -35

0 nn h c nghim duy nht:

Dx 1 21
x

3
1

D
7

Dx 2 0

0
2
D
7

Dx 3 35

5
3

D
7

x 1 x 2 3x 3 6

2)
4x 2 5x 3 13
3x 2 x 1
3
1
Ta c:
*

D=

1
0
3

1
4
0

3
5
2

= - 8 +15 36 = -29

38

*
*
*
V D

1
4
0

Dx1=

6
13
1

3
5
2

Dx2 =

1
0
3

6
13
1

3
5
2

Dx3 =

1
0
3

1
4
0

6
13
1

= - 48 +5 -12 + 26 = -29
= 26 90 + 117 +5 = 58
= 4 + 39 72 = -29

0 nn h c nghim duy nht:

Dx 1 29
x

1 D 29 1

Dx 2 58

2
x2
D
29

Dx 3 29

3 D 29 1

2
x1 4 x2 x3

2 x2 3 x3 5 x4 8

3)

2 x1
x1 2 x2
Ta c:
1 4
0 2
D
2 0
1 2

x3

5
3x4 0

1 0
1 4 1 0
2 3 5 2 3
3 5 h1( 2) h 3 0 2 3 5

1 8 1 0 8 1
1 0 h1( 1) h 4 0 8 1 0
6 1 3 6 1
0 3
0 6 1 3

6 40 30 72 76
2 4 1 0
8 2 3 5 c1c 3
Dx1

5 0 1 0
0 2 0 3

1 4 2 0
1 4
2
0
3 2 8 5 h1 3 h2 0 10 14 5

1 0 5 0 h1 1 h3 0 4
3
0
0 2 0 3
0 2
0 3

10 14 5 10 14
1 4
3
0 4 3
2
0 3 2 0
90 30 168 228

39

1 2 1 0
1 2 1 0
8 3 5 8 3
h1 2 h3
0 8 3 5
0 8 3 5
Dx2

1 1 1 0 1 1
2 5 1 0 h1 1 h4 0 1 1 0
2 1 3 2 1
1 0 0 3
0 2 1 3
24 5 10 9 0
1 4 2 0
1 4 2 0
2 8 5 2 8
h1 2 h3
0 2 8 5
0 2 8 5
Dx3

1 8 1 0 8 1
2 0 5 0 h1 1 h4 0 8 1 0
6 2 3 6 2
1 2 0 3
0 6 2 3
6 80 30 192 76
1 4 1 2
1 4 1 2
2 3 8 2 3
h1 2 h3
0 2 3 8
0 2 3 8
Dx4

1 8 1 1 8 1
2 0 1 5 h1 1 h4 0 8 1 1
6 1 2 6 1
1 2 0 0
0 6 1 2
4 18 64 48 2 48 76
V D 0 nn h c nghim duy nht:
Dx1 228

x1 D 76 3

x Dx2 0 0
2
D
76
hay (3,0,1,1)

x Dx3 76 1
3
D
76

Dx4 76
x4

1
D
76

3 x3 x4 2
x1
2x x
x4 0
1 2

4)

2 x2 5 x3 2 x4 5
3x2

x4 4

Ta c:
1 0 3 1
1 0 3 1
1 6 3
2 1 0 1 h1( 2) h 2 0 1 6 3
D

1 2 5 2
0 2 5 2
0 2 5 2
3 0 1
0 3 0 1
0 3 0 1
5 36 45 12 2

40

2 0 3 1
1 0 3
0 1 0 1 c1c 4
1 1 0
Dx1

5 2 5 2
2 2 5
4 3 0 1
1 3 0

2
h1 h2
0 h1 2 h3

5 h1 h4
4

1 0 3
0 1 3
0 2 1
0 3 3

1 3 2
1 2 1 1 6 9 12 6 3 36 0
3 3 6
1
2
Dx2
0
0

2 3 1
1 2 3 1
4 6 3
0 0 1
0 4 6 3
h1(2) h 2
1 5 5 2
5 5 2
0 5 5 2
4 0 1
4 0 1
0 4 0 1

20 48 60 30 2
1 0 2 1
1 0 2 1
1 4 3
2 1 0 1 h1( 2) h 2 0 1 4 3
Dx3

1 2 5 2
0 2 5 2
0 2 5 2
3 4 1
0 3 4 1
0 3 4 1
5 24
1
2
Dx4
0
0

24 45 8 8 2
0 3 2
1 0 3 2
1 6 4
1 0 0 h1( 2) h 2 0 1 6 4

1 2 5 5
2 5 5
0 2 5 5
3 0 4
3 0 4
0 3 0 4

20 90 60 48 2
V D 0 nn h c nghim duy nht:

Dx 1 0
x

1 D 2 0

x Dx 2 2 1
2 D 2

x Dx 3 2 1
3 D
2

Dx
2
x 4 4 1
D
2

41

2
2
1
6

BAI TAP BIEN LUAN THEO THAM SO

Bai 1:
Giai va bien luan:
3x1 2 x2 5 x3 4 x4 3
2 x 3x 6 x 8x 5
1
2
3
4

6
x

9
x

20
x
2
3
4 11
1
4 x1 x2 4 x3 x4 2
Giai:
4
3
3 2 5
1

2 3 6
8
5 h1 h 3 2

A B 1 6 9 20 11
3

2
4 1
4
1 6 9 20 11

h1( 2) h 2
0 15 24
48
27 h 2 13
h1( 3) h 3

h1( 4) h 4

0 20 32
64
36 h 3 14

0 25 40 80 46
1 6 9 20 11

0 5 8 16
9 h 3 h 4

hh2(2(5)1) hh 34

0 0 0
0
0

1
0 0 0

x1 6 x2 9 x3 20 x4 11

(1)
5 x2 8 x3 16 x4 9 (2)

x4 1

1 3 t 4
x1 5

6 9 20 11

3 6
8
5
2 5
4
3

1
4

2
1 6 9

0 5 8

11

9
0 5 8
16
9

0 25 40 80 46
1 6 9 20 11

9
0 5 8 16
0 0 0

0 0 0
0
0

x 1 9 8 t 16

1) Khi 0 : (2) 2
5

t R
x3 t

x 1
4
1x1 6 x2 9 x3 20 x4 11

2) Khi 0 : (3) 15 x2 24 x3 48 x4 27
: hevonghie
m
0 1

Bai 2:
Cho he phng trnh:

42

20
16

 2 x1 x2 3 x3 4 x4 5
4x 2x 5x 6 x 7
1
2
3
4

6 x1 3 x2 7 x3 8 x4 9
mx1 4 x2 9 x3 10 x4 11
a) Tm m e he phng trnh co nghiem
b) Giai he phng trnh khi m = 10
Giai:
a) Ta co:
2 1 3 4 5
1 4 3 2 5

4 2 5 6 7 c1c 4 c1 2 6 5 4 7

A B 6 3 7 8 9
3 8 7 6 9

m 4 9 10 11
4 10 9 m 11

h1( 2) h 2
h1( 3) h 3
h1( 4) h 4

1 4 3

0 2 1

h 3 h 4

4 5

0 3

4 2
0 6

6 3 m 8 9

0
0

2 1

0
0

3
0
0

h 2( 2) h 3
h 2( 3) h 4

1 4 3
0 2 1
0
0

0
0

0
0

3
0 0

m 8 0

4
0

0 3
m 8 0

0 0

r A 4 . Suy ra he co nghiem vi moi

4

Ta thay: m R : r A B
gia tr cua m
b) Giai he khi m = 10:
Bien oi s cap tren hang ta co:
4
2 1 3 4 5
2 1 3
5

4 2 5 6 7
0 1 6 10 14

...
A / B
0 0 2 4 6
6 3 7 8 9

0
10 4 9 10 11
0 0 0
0
x1 0
2 x1 x2 3 x3 4 x4 5

x2 4 2t
(1) x2 6 x3 10 x4 14
t R
x

2
t
3
2 x 4 x 6

3
4

x4 t

Bai 3
Giai va bien luan he phng trnh sau theo tham so :

43

 1 x1 x2 x3 1

x1 1 x2 x3

2
x1 x2 1 x3
Giai:
Ta co
1 1
1

1
1

3 3 3
1 1
1
1 1 1
1
1 3 1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
h 3 h 2 h1

1 1 1
3 0 0 3 2
h1(1)h3
0 0
h1( 1) h 2

1
Dx1
2

1
1
1
1
h1( ) h 2
1 1 h1( 2 )h
1
0
3
1
1
0 1 2

1
1
1
1
1 2
2 1

1
2 1

2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 2

1 1
1
1
1
c1 c 3
Dx2 1

1
1
2 1
1 2

1
1
1

1
1
1
1

h1( ( 1))h

2
3
1 2 2
2
2
0 1 2
h1( 1) h 2

1 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 2 3 2
2 2 2 1

1 1
1
1
1 1
c1 c 2
Dx3 1
1

1 1
2
1
1

1
1
2
1
1
1
2 2
1
2

1 1
h1(1) h3 0 2

2 1
0

2 1
h1( ( 1)) h 2

2
1
1
2 1

2 2 1 1 3 2 2 1

Ta thay:

44

 3
Khi o he co nghiem duy nhat:
0

2
(1) D 3 0

2
Dx1 2
2 2
x1

D 3 2 3

x2

x3

Dx2 2 1
2 1

2
D
3 3

Dx3 3 2 2 1

D
3

(2) Neu 3 th Dx1 3(2 9) 21 0 : He vo nghiem

(3) Neu 0 th he tr thanh:
x1 x2 x3 1

x1 x2 x3 0
x x x 0
1 2 3
He vo nghiem
Bai 4
Giai va bien luan he phng trnh sau theo tham so :
5 x1 3 x2 2 x3 4 x4 3
4 x 2 x 3x 7 x 1
1
2
3
4

8 x1 6 x2 x3 5 x4 9
7 x1 3x2 7 x3 17 x4
Giai
2
5 3 2 4 3
1 1 1 3

4 2 3 7 1 h 2( 1) h1 4 2 3
7
1

A B 8 6 1 5 9 h 2( 2)h3 0 2 7 19 7
h 2( 1) h 4

7 3 7 17
3 1 4 10 1
2
1 1 1 3
1 1 1 3 2

0 2 7 19
7
0 2 7 19 7
h1( 4) h 2
h 2 h3

h1( 3) h 4

0 2 7 19
7 h 2( 1) h 4 0 0 0 0 0

0 2 7 19 7
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 3 2
0 2 7 19 7
h 4 h 3

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0
He phng trnh tng ng vi he:
45

 x1

x2
x3 3 x4 2
2 x2 7 x3 19 x4 7
0

Ta thay:

(1)Khi 0 th he vo nghiem
(2)Khi 0 th he tr thanh:
(1)
x1 x2 x3 3x4 2

2 x2 7 x3 19 x4 7 (2)

7
19
(2) : x2 x3 x4 7
2
2
7
19
5
13
(1) x1 x3 x4 7 x3 3 x4 2 x1 x3 x4 5
2
2
2
2
Vay nghiem cua he khi o la:
5
13

x1 2 x3 2 x4 5

7
19

x2 x3 x4 7
2
2

y y
x3 , x4 tu

Bai 5
Giai va bien luan he phng trnh sau theo tham so
3x1 2 x2 5 x3 4 x4 3
2 x 3x 6 x 8x 5
1
2
3
4

x1 6 x2 9 x3 20 x4 11
4 x1 x2 4 x3 x4 2
Gii
Ta c:
3 2 5
4 3
1 6 9 20
11

2 3 6
8 5 h 3 h1 2 3 6
8 5

A B 1 6 9 20 11
3 2 5
4 3

2
2
4 1 4

4 1 4
1 6 9 20 11
1 6 9 20 11

h1( 2) h 2
0 15 24
48 27 h 3 4 h 2 0 5 8
16
9
h1( 3) h 3

h1( 4) h 4

0 20 32
0 15 24
64 36
48 27

0 25 40 80 46

0 25 40 80 46

46


hh2(2(5)3) hh34

1 6 9 20

16
0 5 8

0 0 0
0

0 0 0

11

9
0

h 3 h 4

1 6 9 20

0 5 8 16
0 0 0

0 0 0
0

11

9
1

Khi :
(1) Nu 0 th r A B r A 3 4 : h c v s nghim (tm nghim nh bi
trn)
(2) Nu 0 th :
r A B 3
r A B r A : h v nghim
r A 2
Bai 6
Giai va bien luan he phng trnh sau theo tham so
1 x1 x2 x3 2 3

3
2
x1 1 x2 x3 3

4
3
x1 x2 1 x3 3
Giai
Ta co:
1 1
1
3 3 3
1
1
1
h 3 h 2 h1
D 1
1 1 1
1
1 3 1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
3 0
h1(1)h3
0 0
h1( 1) h 2

1
0 3 2

2 3
1
1
3
3
2
Dx1 3 1
1 2 3
4 3 3
1
1 3 3
1
1
1
h1( 2 ) h
3 0
3
0 1 2
h1( ) h 2

1
1
1
1 1 3
1
1
2

1
1
1
3 1
1 2
2 1

1
1
1 1
1
1

1
2 1

3 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 3
3 3 2 2 3 2 2

47

 1 2 3
1
1 3
3
2
Dx2 1
3
1 1
2 3
1
4 3 3 1
1
3 3
1
1

3 1
1 2
c1 c 3

3 1

1
1 1
1 3 1

1
1
2

1
1
1

1
1
1
1
h1( 1) h 2
1 h1( ( 1)) h
1

3 0
3
2
1
0 1 2 2

2 1 2 2

3 1 2 2 2 1
3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2
3 2 2 2 3 2 1

1 1
2 3
1 1
3
1 1
1
3
2
2
Dx3 1
1 3 1
1 3 3 1
1
4
3
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
2

1
1 1
1
1
h1( ( 1)) h 2
2
h1(1) h3

3 1 1
3 0 2
2
1
1

c1 c 2

1
1
2 1

2
1
2 2
1
2
3 1

1
2 1

2 1
2 3 2 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 1

Ta thay:

0
D 0 . Suy ra he co nghiem duy nhat:
3

(1)Khi:

2
2
Dx1 3 2
x1

2 2
2
D
3

3 2 1 2 1
3 2
2
3
2
Dx3 3 2 1
x3

D
3 2

x2

Dx2

3 2 2 1

0
D 0 va Dx1 Dx2 Dx3 0 suy ra he co vo so
(2)Khi
3
nghiem

48

49