ENDANGERED

ECOSYSTEM
ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM
Effects of unplanned
development and
mismanagement of
the ecosystem
Greenhouse effect
and thinning of the
ozone layer
Proper management of
development activities
and the ecosystem
Soil erosion
Flash flood
Landslide
Eutrophication
Global warming
Ozone depletion
Climate change
Extinction of living things
Deforestation
Pollution
Cause and effect
Impact on ecosystem
Implementation of laws
Use of technology
Education on the
management of resources
Preservation and
conservation of soil, water,
forests and mangrove
swamps
Practice of biological
control
Use of renewable energy
Efficient use of energy
Sources of
pollution
Effects of
pollution
Air
Water
Thermal
Noise
Human health
Habitat of animals and plants
Buildings
Agriculture
climate
Types of pollution
Effects of Unplanned Development and
Mismanagement of the Ecosystem
Soil erosion
Flash floods
Acid rain
Climatic changes
Green house effect
Ozone depletion
landslides
Deforestation
Eutrophication
Air Water
Pollution
Thermal Sound
Species extinction
Deforestation
The act of clearing of the
forest by cutting down trees
for its valuable timber, and
for building of roads, houses,
industrial estate and so on.
Soil Erosion / Landslide
SOIL EROSION
Water Pollution
The sources of water pollution:
Effluent from industrial and domestic
sources.
Agricultural waste.
Discharge of untreated sewage.
Leaching of heavy metals from
underground lead pipes.
Oil spills in the sea.
Water
Pollution
Eutrophication
Enrichment of an aquatic system
with organic material or inorganic
nutrients, causing an excessive
growth of aquatic plant life
Eutrophication
Leaching of inorganic fertilisers / input of untreated sewage / run off
animal waste
Increase in mineral nutrients into bodies of water
Algae bloom (rapid growth of algae)
Death of other aquatic photosynthetic plants and algae
Decomposition by bacteria (rapid growth of bacteria)
Bacteria use up oxygen
Aquatic organisms die
Restricts the penetration of light into the water
BOD level increase
B.O.D.
(Biochemical Oxygen Demand)
Refers to amount of oxygen consumed by
aquatic organisms per litre of water.
B.O.D. water pollution
Air Pollution
Pollutants Sources Effects
Carbon monoxide
(CO)
Incomplete
combustion of
fossil fuels
Combines with haemoglobin to form
carboxyhaemoglobin which reduce the capacity of
the blood to transport oxygen, causes dizzines and
headache, slow down the brain.
Sulphur dioxide (SO
2
) Factories
Irritates and damages the lining of eyes, air
passages and lungs, cause acid rain that may cause
skin diseases.
Oxides of nitrogen
Factories

Damages tissues of lung (bronchitis), irritate the
eyes, lower the body defence against flu, acid rain.
Dust , dirt, smoke,
soot and haze
Factories,
exhaust
Irritates the eyes, cause conjunctivitis, asthma and
bronchitis
Lead Car exhaust
Disrupt the ability of body to produce new cells,
cause retardation of brain in children.
Carbon dioxide (CO
2
)
combustion of
fossil fuels
Causes emphysema
API
A system adopted by Malaysia
Government to indicate the level
of air pollution based on its
health impact
API
(Air Pollution Index)
Descriptor
0 50 Good
51 100 Moderate
101 200 Unhealthy
201 300 Very unhealthy
> 300 Hazardous
Air Pollution
ACID rain
Sulphur dioxide (SO
2
)
Oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO
2
)
Combine with water vapour in the
atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and
nitric acid respectively.
They fall back on earth as acid rain.
Caused by:
Noise Pollution
When the noise of the surroundings
become excessive and disturbs the
comfort of living.
Sources:
aeroplane, trains, construction works
wheels and factory machines,
vehicles along the roads.
Noise
intensity of
daily human
activities
Carbon dioxide (60%)
Methane (15 - 30%)
Nitrous oxide (15%)
CFC (12%)
Global temperature increase parallels the increase
in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
The Thinning of The Ozone Layer
mainly due to the increasing levels of chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC) in the atmosphere
CFC uses as coolants in air conditionals and
refrigerators, as propellants in aerosol cans
and as foaming agents in making Styrofoam
packaging
O
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D
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P
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Effects of Ozone Depletion
Proper management of development activities and the ecosystem
Implementation of laws
Use of technology
Education on the management of resources
Preservation and conservation of soil, water,
forests and mangrove swamps.
Practice of biological control
Use of renewable energy
Efficient use of energy