U

1
G
-
-
+
U
3
U
2
D
A1
A
A2
V
Hnh 1
Th nghim vt l 1
BI 4. KHO ST CHUYN NG CA ELECTRON TRONG IN TRNG
XC NH IN TCH RI!NG "#$ CA ELECTRON
I. %&C CH ' Y!U C(U
%)* +,*-.
- Xc nh in tch ring e/m ca electron theo phng php manhtrn
Y/0 *10.
- Hi !c c "# l$ th%&t ca phng php o'
- Xc nh !c in tch ring e/m'
II. C2 S3 L4 THUY5T
Theo thuyt lng t, ng%n t( g)m cc electron ch%n *ng +anh h,t nh-n' .*t electron c/
0h1i l!ng m ch%n *ng +anh h,t nh-n2 "3 c/ mmen *ng l!ng

L
' .4t 0hc electron mang in
tch -m -e ch%n *ng +anh h,t nh-n t,o th5nh 67ng in c/ mmen t8

ng!c chi9 :5 t; l :<i

L
=

> -

L
m
e
?
@,i l!ng =
m
e
?
gAi l5 t s t- c ca electron 2 l5 m*t hBng "1 +an trAng trong :Ct l$ ng%n
t(2 c7n t; "1 e/m !c gAi l5 !in tch "i#ng ca electron2 n : o l5 D/0g'
D/ th Ec nh !in tch "i#ng ca electron nhF G* thi&t G th nghim G1 tr theo " )
hnh12 g)m = m*t Hn manhtrn . 4t # Gn trong 1ng 6-% 6In J 2 :5 cc ng)n in cng cKp
cho Hn :5 c*n 6-% ho,t *ng'
$%n m&nh#t"'n . l5 m*t G/ng th; tinh Gn trong c/ * ch-n 0hng cao L1M
-N
1M
-O
mmHgP
:5 c/ Ga in cQc = catt R 2 l<i S :5 ant T'
DU Ga in cQc n5% 9 c/ 6,ng 1ng trV2 c/ Fng 0nh 0hc nha2 4t )ng trVc :<i nha'
Wrong cXng l5 Dat1t c/ Gn 0nh ch8ng 1mm' Yn trong Dat1t c/ "!i 1t2 a 67ng in lK% t8
ng)n () 1t n/ng cat1t l5m cho ca t1t pht E, ra electron' Z<i S g)m cc :7ng 6-% 6In n1i
:<i nha th5nh m*t 1ng trV tha Gao +anh cat1t' [go5i cXng l5 an1t T 2 l5 m*t trV 0im lo,i 0n 2
c/ 0hoUng cch &n l<i GBng 6'
\]
[g)n in
(
\
4t gi^a S :5 R t,o ra m*t
in trFng l5m t_ng t1c cc electron nhit pht
ra t8 catt R' Jo l<i tha2 nn cc electron n5%
ch%n *ng lAt +a l<i S &n g4p :5 Gm :5o
ant T2 t,o ra 67ng ant
*
?
2 o GBng miliampe0&
T? '
@*ng n_ng ca electron 0hi Ga% t<i l<i S
GBng cng ca lQc in trFng gi^a catt R :5
l<i S =
Th nghim vt l 1

mv
2
2
>
e U
L1P
:<i U l5 hi in th& gi^a catt R :5 l<i S o GBng :n0& `2 c7n
e
:5
m
l5 * l<n ca
in tch :5 0h1i l!ng ca electron2
v
l5 :Cn t1c ca electron 0hi Ga% t<i l<i S' ` ant T !c
n1i :<i l<i S GBng m*t 6-% 6In c/ in tr# rKt nha2 nn hi in th& gi^a chbng coi nh GBng
0hng' clectron Eem nh ch%n *ng thdng 9 gi^a l<i S :5 an1t2 :<i :Cn t1c 0hng ei :
t,o ra 67ng in cFng *
*
?
ch,% +a miliampe0& T? ' W8 L1P2 ta "% ra =

v
>
m
eU 2
L?P
[1i 1ng 6-% "lnit J :<i ng)n in f1' J7ng in ch,% +a 1ng 6-% c/ cFng * *1 "3
t,o ra trong 1ng m*t t8 trFng c/ cUm gng t8
B

h<ng 6Ac theo trVc ca Hn manhtrn . :5

:ng g/c :<i :Cn t1c v

ca electron' W8 trFng
B

tc 6Vng ln electron m*t lQc - gAi l5 lQc

Zoren
L
F

2 c/ gi tr GBng =
B v . e F
L

=
`
B

h<ng :ng g/c :<i v

2 nn lQc
L
F

c/ * l<n GBng =
B . v . e F
L
= L\P
ZQc Zoren
L
F

2 h<ng :ng g/c :<i :Cn t1c v

2 /ng :ai tr7 lQc h<ng t-m c/ tc 6Vng l5m cho

electron 0hi Ga% +a l<i S phUi ch%n *ng theo +h ,o tr7n Gn 0nh R Ec nh G#i i 0in =
F e v B
mv
R
L
= = . .
2
LiP
DUm gng t8
B

trong l7ng ca 1ng 6-% t; l :<i cFng * 67ng in *1 ch,% +a 1ng :5 !c

tnh GBng cng thgc =

M 1
' ' ' + n * =
L jP
:<i
M
> i '1M
-N
,-m l5 hBng "1 t8 2 n

l5 "1 :7ng 6-% trn m*t n : 65i ca 1ng 6-%2 l5 h "1
t; l phV th*c :5o cK t,o ca 1ng 6-% 6In J '
"ao cho Gn 0nh k ca +l ,o tr7n ca electron giUm 6mn2 &n 0hi *1 . * th ,t gi tr k > 6/?2 L
d=
l5 0hoUng cch gi^a ant T :5 l<i S LHnh ?P P' Zbc /2 cc electron 0hng t<i !c ant T2
cFng * 67ng ant *) ch,% +a miliampe0& /) "3 giUm &n gi tr *) >M
\N
Y>Y1
Y< Y1
Y>Y1
Y>M
T
S
Wheo LiP :5 LjP 2 cUm gng t8 Btrong l7ng 1ng 6-% J
t; l thCn :<i cFng * 67ng in *1 ch,% +a 1ng2
c7n Gn 0nh k ca +l ,o tr7n ca electron t; l
nghch :<i cUm gng t8 Y' ` :C%2 ta c/ th t_ng 6mn
cFng * 67ng in *1 t_ng 6mn cUm gng t8 Y2
Th nghim vt l 1
Wha% L?P :5 LjP :5o LiP 2 ta tm !c =

e
m

=
2 8
1
2 2 2
0
2 2
1
2 2
U
B R
U
n I d
=

L]P
Wrong th nghim n5% =
-nng 6-% c/ mCt * :7ng 6-% n> ]MMM :/m2 h "1 a > M'j'
-@Hn .anhtron c/ 6 > ?2Njmm 2 @in p gia t1c gi^a l<i :5 cat1t !c thi&t lCp f> ]`2 o G#i
`on 0& `'
YBng cch Ec nh cFng * 67ng in t8 ho c*n 6-% *1 . * 0hi 67ng ant *) trit ti2 ta
tnh !c !in tch "i#ng e-m ca electron theo cng thgc L]P'
01ch 21c !3nh * nh "a = Wheo trn2 0hi cUm gng t8 Y gng :<i cFng * 67ng in * th cc
electron 0hng t<i !c ant T :5 67ng ant
*
?
M =
' [h :C%2 ta cho cmn theo 6pi + trnh giUm
6mn ca 67ng in
*
?

trn miliampe0& T? 0hi t_ng 6mn 67ng in *1 trn ampe0& T12 cho t<i 0hi
qa > M ' [hng : cc electron nhit pht ra t8 catt R c/ :Cn t1c 0hc nha2 nn m*t "1 t electron
c/ :Cn t1c l<n :In c/ th Ga% t<i ant T nga% cU 0hi *1 . * = 67ng in
*
?
0hng ho5n to5n trit
ti '
@) th

Gi 6irn "Q phV th*c ca 67ng in
*
?
:5o 67ng in
*
c/ 6,ng m*t Fng cong
nh hnh \2 o,n 61c nhKt aG ca n/ gng :<i trFng h!p a "1 electron 0hng t<i !c ant T =
Wi&p t%&n ca Fng cong n5% trn o,n aG "3 cst trVc ho5nh t,i im c/ cFng * 67ng in *1
. * '
III. 6&NG C& TH NGHI% .
1' [g)n in m*t chi9 f1 > M-]`/jT2 cKp in cho c*n 6-% tlni6'
?' [g)n in m*t chi9 f? > M-]` M'\T2 cKp in cho "!i 1t Hn .agnetron'
\' [g)n in m*t chi9 f\ > M-1?` / M'1T2 cKp in cho l<i Hn .agnetron
i' Tmpe 0& T1 c/ hai thang o M-?'j :5 M-j T'
j' Tmpe 0& T? c/ hai thang o M-1 mT :5 M-j mT 6Xng o 67ng anot'
]' `n 0& ` thang o M-1M`'
N' @Hn manhtrn LmagnetronP'
O' nng 6-% 6In 6Xng t,o ra t8 trFng'
u' Y* 6-% 6In 6Xng n1i m,ch in Lu 6-%P '
\O
Th nghim vt l 1
I7. TR8NH T9 TH NGHI%.
:. C-0;< => =? @-, <A-BC$ %C D EF.::
aP Dha csm phch lK% in ca G* .D-uj'11 :5o ng)n v ??M` ' wan "t m4t m% trn hnh i'
GP JXng cc 6-% 6In n1i m,ch in trn m4t m% .D-uj'11 theo " ) hnh 1 =
- [1i "!i nng xx :5o ng)n m*t chi9 f? L M-]`/ M2jTP
- [1i miliampe0& T? gi^a cQc l<i S :5 ant T ca Hn manhtrn . 2 n1i :n0& ` gi^a l<i S
:5 catt R ca Hn manhtrn . :<i ng)n m*t chi9 f\ L M -1?` /1MMmT P
- .sc n1i ti&p 1ng 6-% 6In J :5 ampe0& T1 :<i ng)n m*t chi9 f1 L M-]` / jT P
- S,t cc nbm ch%n m,ch 4t bng = :n0& ` # thang o 1M`2 ampe0& T1 # thang o
?'jT 2 miliampe0& T? # thang o 1mT '
- `4n nbm Eoa% ca cc ng)n in m*t chi9 f1 2 f? 2 f\ :9 : tr M'
- @4t cc cngtsc R1 2 R? 2 R\ # tr,ng thi ngst m,ch '
:. K-GH IJ@ IK L-) @-0?* *MN OP<A +BC< N<Q@ IR STH OP<A +BC< I: *-UV W0N X<A OYV I/Z/<QB@
aP YKm cc cngtsc R 2 R1 2 R? = cc Hn ZcJ pht "ng2 Go hi cc ng)n f1 2 f? 2 f\ y
"zn "5ng ho,t *ng'
GP `4n nbm Eoa% ca ng)n f\ thi&t lCp hi th& gia t1c electron gi^a l<i S :5 0att RLo
GBng :n0& `P ,t gi tr f > ]`2 :5 gi^ 0hng ei gi tr n5% trong "1t + trnh o'
cP `4n nbm Eoa% ca ng)n f? &n : tr gi^a ?-\ trn :,ch "12 cng cKp in p 1t t/c nng
n/ng cat1t Hn manhtrn' ta \j phbt2 67ng an1t *) EKt hin2 cho trn miliampe0& T? ' Rhi
0hi f? c/ gi tr 0hng ei :5 GBng ]`2 67ng an1t *) cho phV th*c nhit * cat1t' Rh{o i9 chonh
nbm Eoa% ng)n 1t t/c f? thCt tinh t& "ao cho *) ,t gi tr 0hoUng M'O -1mT2 0hi Hn
.anhtrn ,t tr,ng thi c-n GBng nhit' @Ac :5 ghi gi tr ca
*
?
:5o GUng 1 L chb $ 0hi q? ,t
gi tr 0hoUng M'imT | M']mT th cho t_ng 6mn f? thCt chCm n& 0hng 67ng q? "3 t_ng rKt nhanh
:5 :!t + thang oP'
6P K-[B +?<A *-\]<A @^_<- $JV @,<-. Wrong thanh }S@N^@` chAn }a^HA^N$` :5 chAn bCNIIV
LN=`c <-dL +eL *-0?@ STH UA:c *-f< g D:7
Wrong c(a "e bB<L0@ I"@@B<A` chAn bAS"^NAO 7NZ0I"`c bZ"h@`.
Wrong c(a "e %"NIB<A LN^N$"@"I chAn b%N<0NZ`.
N-dL +eL *-0?@ STH UB:c *-f< g D:g7
\u
U
1
G
-
-
+
U
3
U
2
D
A1
A
A2
V
Hnh 1
T
Y
Th nghim vt l 1
Wrong c(a "e bB<L0@ I"@@B<A` chAn bAS"^NAO 7NZ0I"`c bZ"h@`.
Wrong c(a "e %"NIB<A LN^N$"@"I chAn b%N<0NZ`.
D5i 4t cc trVc tAa *2 # -% ho5nh * Gi th q1 ca 1ng 6-%2 tng * Gi th q? ca 67ng TS'
.1n c5i 4t trVc tAa * th trong ca "e bI"@@B<A` *-f< bLN^N$"@"^ iH^$0ZN iiT`
* Khai bo cng dng in I::
C-f< b<"j W0N<@B@V`
Wrong h*p bI"Z"*@ W0N<@B@V~ i9n :5o tn ,i l!ng m<i }q1~
DhAn }hH^$0ZN` i9n cng thgc cho m1i lin h ,i l!ng m<i :<i cc ,i l!ng c=
?fY1/\']
Wrong }"%mGol~ q1= fnit= T xrom= M Wo= \ Jecimal place"= \
Khai bo cng dng in I2
DhAn }<"j W0N<@B@V`
Wrong h*p }I"Z"*@ W0N<@B@V` i9n :5o tn ,i l!ng m<i }q?~
DhAn bhH^$0ZN~ i9n cng thgc cho m1i lin h ,i l!ng m<i :<i cc ,i l!ng c=
UA:#g.4Fk:
Wrong }"%mGol~ q?= fnit= mT xrom= M Wo= 1'j Jecimal place"= \
*Chn hin th th I1 I2
Wrong }I"@@B<A` chAn OBILZNV`
DhAn }<"j OBILZNV`
Wrong h*p bI"Z"*@ OBILZNV` ghi tn ) th q1 | q?
Wrong X | TEi" chAn I: :5 | TEi" chAn IR
eP YKm xu ghi gi tr gng :<i q1 > M2 "a / :4n t8 t8 nbm Eoa% ca ng)n f1 t_ng 6mn
cFng * 67ng in * Lo GBng ampe0& T1P ch,% +a 1ng 6-% t,o t8 trFng J2 :<i mi lmn 6ch
ch%n cFng * "ng q1 l5 M'1T :5 GKm xu' ta 0hi :3 Eong ) th th 6Xng phmn m9m m% tnh
xit ) th nh "a= nhKp phUi ch*t2 trn m5n hnh hin ra m*t men *ng cho ta cc cng cV
c/ "zn2 chAn biB@ h0<*@BH<~2 chAn b ="I@ ' hB@ I@^NBA-@ ZB<"~ gi^ :5 6i ch*t :5o : tr m tin m5
67ng q? Gst m giUm *t ng*t :5 6i cho &n im h&t giUm *t ng*t2 tm im cst trVc ho5nh q1'
Shi gi tr im cst trVc ho5nh trn ) th2 tha% :5o cng thgc tnh e/m'
Shi cc gi tr tng gng ca cc cFng * 67ng in * :5
*
?
:5o GUng 1 cho t<i 0hi cFng *
67ng in * >?'jT2 th 0&t thbc ph{p o2 :4n nga% cc nbm Eoa% ca ng)n f12 f? 2f\ theo bng
thg tQ n5% :9 : tr M' ta /2 GKm cc 0ho R12 R?2 R tst m% '
P Shi cc "1 li "a -% :5o GUng 1 =
- DKp chnh Ec

` :5 gi tr cQc ,i fm

trn thang o ca :n0 ` '
- DKp chnh Ec
1T :5 gi tr cQc ,i q1m trn thang o ca ampe0& T1 '
- DKp chnh Ec
?T :5 gi tr cQc ,i q?m trn thang o ca miliampe0& T? '
- H "1

2 "1 :7ng 6-% trn n : 65i n ca 1ng 6-% 6In J'

- RhoUng cch d gi^a ant T :5 l<i S ca Hn manhtrn . '
I7. ClU HmI KI% TRA
1' [ nh nghla :5 n : o in tch ring ca electron '
iM
Th nghim vt l 1
?' Wrnh G5% phng php Ec nh in tch ring ca electron GBng phng php manhtrn =
aP `3 " ) m,ch in :5 m tU cK t,o ca Hn manhtrn
GP SiUi thch rp ch%n *ng ca electron nhit pht ra t8 catt !c nng n/ng trong Hn
manhtrn 6o tc 6Vng ca in trFng :5 t8 trFng trong m,ch in'
\' Wrong " ) m,ch in th nghim trn hnh 12 t,i "ao phUi msc cQc -m LP ca miliampe0& T?
:5o ant T :5 cQc 6ng LP ca n/ :5o l<i S ca Hn manhetron
i' W,i "ao phUi gi^ gi tr ca hi in th& ca ng)n in () :5 f\ 0hng tha% ei trong "1t
thFi gian ti&n h5nh th nghim
j' [/i rp cch Ec nh gi tr cFng * 67ng in
*
1
trong 1ng 6-% "lnit gng :<i cFng * 67ng
ant trit ti
L P *
?
M =
theo phng php n*i "% GBng ) th trn hnh \' SiUi thch t,i "ao
i1
Th nghim vt l 1
BO CO TH NGHI%
XC NH IN TCH RI!NG CA ELECTRON
BnNG aH2NG aHa %ANH!TRoN p %AGNETRONP
Xc nhCn ca th5% gio
WrFng ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Z<p '''''''''''''''''''We '''''''''''''''''''''
HA tn '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
*4 560 $70, T,7 89,*:5

qq' RW wf WH [SHq.
Hi in th& giy l<i S :5 0att R = U V = 6
* / L P
M M'1 M'? M'\ M'i M'j M'] M'N M'O M'u
I
2
( ) mA
* / L P
1'M 1'1 1'? 1'\ 1'i 1'j 1'] 1'N 1'O 1'u
I
2
( ) mA
* / L P
?2M ?'1 ?'? ?'\ ?'i ?'j
I
2
( ) mA
:. XJ* +><- +BC< @,*- ^B/<A *MN "Z"*@^H< m e X / =
i?
Th nghim vt l 1
7q +r @->
* ; *
?
= L P
a' D_n cg :5o ) th
* ; *
?
= L P
2 Ec nh gi tr cFng * 67ng in *1 =
*
1
=
'''''''''''''' LTP
G' Wnh gi tr ca in tch ring=
X >
e
m
>
8
2
0
2 2
1
2 2
U
n I d
>''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' > '' ''''L0-<gP
R. SH IJ<- ABJ @^> +H X
e
m
= SsB ABJ @^> Zt @-0Vu@
X
e
m
lt
lt
=

Dho Gi&t X
lt
=

1 ]M 1M
u 1M 1M
1N ] 1M
1u
\1
1M
2
2
2 / 0 <g 2 tnh * lch to 1i theo cng thgc =

*
=

=
X X
X
lt
lt
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
=
'''''''''''''''''''''
i\