Fig. 1.

2 PID Controller Block Diagram 2

Fig. 1.3 (a) Pressure Measurement Process 4
Fig. 1.3 (b) Modes of Pressure Measurement 5
Fig. 1.3.2 Wheatstone bridge configuration and piezoresistor placement 6
Fig. 1.3.4 Calculation of linearity 9
Fig. 1.5 Radial stress distribution 13
Fig. 3.1 Block Diagram of Real Time system for Controlling of Pressure and Temp
erature in Steam Boiler 19
Fig. 3.5 Flow Chart 23
Fig. 3.6 (a) Steam Boiler 24
Fig. 3.6 (b) Microcontroller and Switching Board 24
Fig. 3.8.1 Experimental setup for signal conditioning 27
Fig. 3.9 (a) ZSC31050 Evaluation Kit 28
Fig. 3.9 (b) ZSC31050 SSC Evaluation Board 29
Fig. 3.9 (c) Main Window of the Evaluation Software 30
Fig. 3.9 (d) Displaying the Result of the Coefficient Calculation 33
Fig. 4.2 (a) Pin Discription of MSP430G2553 35
Fig. 4.2 (b) Functional Block Diagram of MSP430G2553 35
Fig. 5.1.1 (a) Pressure Measurement Process 39
Fig. 5.1.1 (b) CST PTE5000 Pressure Sensor 40
Fig. 5.1.1 (c) CST PTE5000 Pressure Sensor 40
Fig. 5.1.2 (a) Thermocouple operation 41
Fig. 5.1.2 (b) K- Type thermocouple 41
Fig. 5.1.2 (c) LM35 Symbol 42
Fig. 5.1.5 Electric heater steam boiler or stainless steel sealed vessel 46
Fig. 5.1.7 Schematic of 16x2 LCD Display 49
Fig. 5.1.8 (a): Triac and Symbol 50
Fig. 5.1.8 (b) schematic of Optotriac MOC3041 50
Fig. 6.1 (a) Drilling hole for water inlet valve 53
Fig. 6.1 (b) Preparing for welding 53
Fig. 6.1 (c) Welding collers to fix valves 53
Fig. 6.1 (d) welding coller to fix the pressure sensor 53
Fig. 6.2 (a) Filling water into steam boiler 55
Fig. 6.2 (b) Steam boiler with sensors 55
Fig. 6.2 (c) Experimental set up for checking the characteristics of steam boile
r 55
Fig. 6.3 Characteristic Graph of CST Pressure sensor PTE5000 58
Fig. 6.4 Characteristic Graph of BEL pressure sensor 59
Fig. 6.5 (a) Test setup for pressure sensor characterization 60
Fig. 6.5 (b) Photography of experimental set up 60
Fig. 6.6.1 Software window for calibration of sensor 62
Fig. 6.7 Real time control system for project to control the steam boiler parame
ters 64
Fig. 6.8 (a) The Project Controller Board 65
Fig. 6.8(b) Indicates the output Pressure of 0.1 bar and temperature of 111C 65
Fig. 6.8 (c) Indicates the output pressure of 1.5 bar and temperature of 118C 65