Julieta JanJGava

zogierTi Tandebulis dialeqturi formisaTvis

Sio aragvispirelis prozaSi
Sio aragvispirelma (dedabriSvilma), qarTuli klasikuri mwerlobis tradiciebze
daKrdnobiT da gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis literaturuli miGwevebis gaTvaliswi-
nebiT, TvalsaCinod gaamdidra qarTuli beletristika. `patara Temis" didostats hqon-
da iSviaTi niyi movlenaTa usazGvro zGvidan amoerCia ubralo detali, aekinZa sainte-
reso masalad, eqcia Grma fsiqologiur dramad da Kvelaferi es gamoexata Zlieri fsi-
qologiuri novelisa da etiudis saxiT. Sio aragvispireli ara marto Tavisi aqtualu-
ri TematikiT, formiTac axali movlena iKo qarTul prozaSi. magram `mwerlis Semoqme-
debis sruli da Kovelmxrivi dafaseba mxolod maSin aris SesaZlebeli,... Tu Seswav-
lilia misi ena, ena, romelic saSualebaa naazrevis da nagrZnobis gadmosacemad, ena, ro-
gorc garegani gamoxatuleba mwerlis Sinagani garsisa" (a. SaniZe, 1968, 134). ama Tu im
mwerlis enobriv qsovilze dakvirveba, misi morfologiur-sintaqsuri Tu stilistikur
TaviseburebaTa Seswavla ucilobelicaa da sayiroc, radgan mxatvruli teqstis ena mdi-
dar masalas gvawvdis aGweriTi gramatikisaTvis; amasTanave fotografiulad warmogvid-
gens qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebis istorias, mis urTierTobas cocxal ki-
loebTan. swored amitom mwerlis enisa da stilis Seswavla kvlavac qarTuli enaTmec-
nierebis aqtualur sakiTxTa wreSia moqceuli.
mwerlis ena, farTo gagebiT, saliteraturo ena _ ganStoebaa saerTo enisa, romel-
sac qmnis individi da ara xalxi. aqve unda gvaxsovdes, rom literaturuli ena Kovel-
Tvis rodi emTxveva mxatvruli nawarmoebis enas, radgan mwerali, zog SemTxvevaSi, Tavis
mizandasaxulobiT _ Seqmnas gadmocemuli azris Sesabamisi ganwKoba da koloriti _
arcTu iSviaTad literaturuli enis gareT dgas, rac garkveul stilistikur elfers
aniyebs mis nawarmoebebs. mwerlis stilis individualobis ganmapirobebel faqtorTa
Soris arsebiTi roli eniyeba dialeqtizmebs (rac gamoCnda kidec Sio aragvispirelis
enis formoblivi elementebis aGwerisas).
Sio aragvispirelis Tanamedrove saliteraturo enaSi mkacrad unificirebul, nor-
malizebul formaTa gverdiT TvalsaCinoa dialeqtur Tu arqaul formaTa siyrele.
ufro metic, im periodis mweralTa nawerebSi, kerZod personajTa metKvelebaSi, Znelde-
ba enisa da dialeqtis, dialeqtebisa da kilokavebis gamiJvna.
miuxedavad imisa, rom lingvisturi geografia (venkeri, vredehaagi, jilieroni...) Se-
uZleblad miiCnevs dialeqtTa Soris sademarkacio xazis gavlebas, lingvistika dGis
wesrigidan mainc ar xsnis sakiTxs maTi mecnieruli gamiJvnis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. sa-
Suria `dialeqtTa Soris gardamaval zonaTa viTarebis Seswavla (vTqvaT: qarTlurisa
da mTiuluris,... da a.S." (arn. Ciqobava, 1980,7). v. Tofuria sagangebod exeba gardamaval
enobriv erTeulTa urTierTgavlenas qarTuli enis dialeqtebis mixedviT da wers: `na-
rev dialeqtad miiCneva aragvis xeobis qarTluri da mTiulur-gudamaKruli ananuris
zonaSi..." (v. Tofuria, 1965, 114).
Sio aragvispirelis enaze muSaobisas gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom mis nawereb-
Si warmodgenili aGmosavleT saqarTvelos baris qarTluli dialeqtisa da misi mSob-
liuri kilokavisaTvis (mTiulur-gudamaKruli) damaxasiaTebeli fonematur-gramatikuli
inovaciebi Tu enobrivi danaSrevebi Tavisuflad Tavsdeba aragvispireuliseuli epoqis
saliteraturo enis normebsa da qarTuli kiloebis CarCoSi, rac Tavis mxriv, safuZ-
vels iZleva vimsJeloT mwerlis enis mTel rig TaviseburebaTa Sesaxeb. kerZod, Sevexe-
2 zogierTi Tandebulis dialeqturi formisaTvis Sio aragvispirelis prozaSi

biT zogierTi Tandebulis dialeqtur (Tu arqaul) formas S. aragvispirelis prozaSi.

saanalizod aGebuli mwerlis enaze dakvirveba cxadKofs, rom mis TxzulebebSi SeirCeva
ara marto Zveli da axali qarTulis formaTa paraleluri xmareba da gardamaval for-
maTa simravle Tandebulian brunvebSi, aramed maTi dialeqtur (da arqaul) variantTa
gamoKenebis SemTxvevebi.
saenaTmecniero literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom `Tandebuli hqvia damoukidebeli
mniSvnelobis uqonel sitKvas an bgeraTa kompleqss, romelic daerTvis saxelis ama Tu
im brunvis formas, rom aGniSnos mdebareoba, mimarTuleba, daniSnuleba, an sxva raime
damokidebuleba dasaxelebul saganTan" (a. SaniZe, 1973, 598). Tanamedrove qarTuli enis
Tandebulebi warsulSi srulmniSvnelovani sitKvebi iKo, magram droTa ganmavlobaSi
maT dakarges odindeli saxe da, mniSvnelobis uqonel formantebad qceulni, Seezardnen
saxelebs. ucvleli darCa maT (e.i. TandebulTa _ J.J.) mier saxelis brunvaSi marTvis
unari.
amJerad KuradGebas SevaCerebT Sio aragvispirelis prozaSi dadasturebul mxolod
zogierTi Tandebulis dialeqtur formaze: zeda (-zed, -ze); -Tvisº-Tvin); -Tviº-Tvin); -
ganº-idgan); -dam; mdisºmdin.
1. zeda (zedac, zedaca) Zvel qarTulSi calke mdgomi Tandebuli iKo, daerToda
micemiTis gavrcobil formasa da naTesaobiT brunvas; saSual qarTulad wodebul li-
teraturul ZeglebSi `zeda~ Tandebulis naTesaobiTTan xmarebis TiTo-orola SemTxve-
vaGa gvaqvs (a. martirosovi, 1946, 215). saxels SerwKmuli _ `zeda~ Zveli qarTulidan
saSual qarTulSic gadmovida (a. martirosovi, 1946, 213).
`-zed~ daboloebiani forma gamartivebuli saxezea zeda Tandebulisa, romelic upi-
ratesad saxelTan aris SerwKmuli. zogJer igi gavrcobili saxiTac gvxvdeba, e.i. for-
moblivad emTxveva calke mdgoms, magram SerwKmulia.
amrigad, Zvel qarTulSi gamoKenebuli zeda(zedac, zedaca) da `zed~ Jer kidev ga-
suli saukunis dasawKisSi arqaul formad gvevlineba. Semdeg igi iGebs -ze formas, ro-
melic saxels daerTvis uSualod fuZeze (e.i. brunvis niSani dakargulia) da marTavs
mas micemiT brunvaSi.
Sio aragvispirelTan zeda Tandebuli warmodgenilia rogorc Tavisi Zveli, arqau-
li saxiT, ise c(a) nawilakis darTviT. magaliTad: `dideba maGalTa Sina GmerTsa da qve-
Kanasa zeda mSvidoba da kacTa Soris saTnoeba~ (personajis metKveleba, Semdgom
davimowmebT. p.m. II, 97.21); `pativi eci mamasa Sensa da dedasa Sensa, raTa dGegrZeli
iKo qveKanasa zeda-o" (p.m. II, 510,17); `varskvlav Suqzeda Kulia sayurisi vican..." (p.m.,
II, 583,6); `diGmis Tavzeda mefe Teimurazs veaxeli" (p.m., II, 569,24); `ai, solomon ba-
tonma raGazedac ifrina maSoi" (p.m., II, 512.9-10).
-zed: `Kvelas naGvliani saxe gvqonda, Kvelas gulzed lodiviT raGac dagvawva" (av-
toris metKveleba, Semdgom. a.m., 1,11,7); dauZaxa ilikom wina uremzed mJdoms (a.m.,
1.3.14); `turniurzed uCvenebs" (a.m., II, 512.15).
marTalia, Sio aragvispirelis nawerebSi zeda zed ze Tandebulis xmarebis samive Se-
mTxveva dasturdeba, magram zeda, zedac, zed Tandebuliani saxelebi -ze daboloebian
leqsikur erTeulebTan SedarebiT ufro mokrZalebulad gamoiKureba.
2. -Tvis Tandebuli miGebulia Tav sitKvis naTesaobiTi brunvis formisagan: Tav-
is→Tvis. igi daerTvis naTesaobiTis gavrcobilsa da gauvrcobel formebs da aGniSnavs
sagnis daniSnulebas, mizans, samoqmedo sagans.
dialeqtebSi Tvis paralelurad identuri mniSvnelobiT ixmareba -TvinºTvina bolo-
kiduri xmovnis nazalizaciiT) variantebi. gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom `Tvin"-Si `in"
eweva `is"-is magivrobas, e.i. naTesaobiTis meore daboloebaa `in". Tavis-Tvin, dGemdis-
dGemdin, mermis-mermindeli, xvalis-xvalindeli, dGeis-dGeindeli. `in~ meoreulia, rac
dadasturebulia `Tvis" Tandebulis mesame variantiT `Tvisin" (b. JorbenaZe, 1989, 282).
 zogierTi Tandebulis dialeqturi formisaTvis Sio aragvispirelis prozaSi 3

Sio aragvispirelTan TvinºTvina Tandebuli gvxvdeba rogorc ubralo damatebis, ise

garemoebis mniSvnelobiT, mxolod personajTa metKvelebaSi. magaliTad: `CvenTvinac kar-
gi iKo, Seni yirime..." (p.m., 1.85,19); SenTvinacaa, ai boxCaSi gamokrulia..." (p.m., II, 64.3).
`-Tvin" damaxasiaTebelia qvemoimeruli kilosa da nawilobriv guruli dialeqtisa-
Tvis (q. ZoweniZe, 1973, 50; b. JorbenaZe, 1989, 301).
3. -gan Tandebuli axal qarTulSi upiratesad moqmedebiTi brunvis formasTan gaba-
tonda. igi aGniSnavs moqmedebis sawKis punqts drosa da sivrceSi da miugebs kiTxvaze
saidan? ra droidan? Sio aragvispirelTan -gan Tandebuli moqmedebiT brunvaSi Tanamed-
rove saliteraturo enaSi miGebuli formiT gvxvdeba, magram xSiria idgan daboloebac.
dialeqtSi Semonaxuli aseTi arqauli formebi sakmaodaa mwerlis nawerebSi. magaliTad:
`da am gulis siGrmidgan amomCqefars glexTa cxovrebis vaebas andobs mxolod Tavis sa-
qonels" (a.m., 1.3.33); `mzemac mTis wveridgan Tavi amohKo" (a.m., 1.8.31); `kijiniTa da
sxaltebis qneviT erTis namklidgan meoreSi gadavrbodiT" (a.m. 1.9.24).
4. S. aragvispirelis prozaSi -gan Tandebulis paralelurad moqmedebiT brunvasTan
xSir SemTxvevaSi gamoiKeneba -dam varianti. es ukanaskneli miGebulia daGma zmnisarTisa-
gan, romelmac gamartivebis procesSi ramdenime safexuri gaiara: daGmaºdaGme→da-
me→dama→dam.
arn. Ciqobava wers: `saxlidam, soflidam mas SemdegGa SeiZleba migveGo, rac
saxlidan, soflidan _ saxeobas miaGwia movlenebis ganviTarebam, e. i. istoriulad
saxlidam, soflidam ar SeiZleba uswrebdes saxlidan, soflidan tips, is mas unda
mosdevdes. namdvilad ki -am _ tipi gacilebiT ufro adre Cndeba, vinem is -an,
romlisaganac miGebulad es _ am miaCniaT (arn. Ciqobava, 19, 55).
Tanamedrove qarTul lingvistikaSi arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazreba -dan//-idan
variantTan dakavSirebiT. b. gigineiSvili Tvlis, rom igi miGebulia moqmedebiT brunvaze
darTuli `gamo~ Tandebulisagan Semdegi safexurebis gavliT -
iT+gamo>idgamo>idgam>idam.
-dam Tandebuliani formebi saliteraturo qarTulSi Jer kidev XVII_XVIII saukuneebSi gvxvdeba,
xolo XIX saukuneSi kidev ufro vrceldeba misi xmareba aGmosavleT saqarTvelodan gamosul
mweralTa nawerebSi, radgan -dam daboloeba damaxasiaTebelia qarTlurisa da kaxurisaTvis,
dasturdeba mTiulurSic (arn. Ciqobava), xolo rac Seexeba -idam formebs misi gamoKenebis sixSire
sakmaod maGalia centralur da Crdilo qarTlSi. amitom savsebiT bunebrivia sasaubro metKvelebidan
misi samwerlo enaSi moxvedra.
miuxedavad imisa, rom -dam Tandebuli Sio aragvispirelis epoqis saliteraturo enis
damaxasiaTebelia, avtors igi kiloebidan unda hqondes SeTvisebuli. mis prozaSi SeiniSneba aramarto
-idam daboloeba, aramed -idan formac. TumcaGa avtori upiratesobas `idam~ variants aniyebs.
davimowmebT magaliTebs:
-idan: `am dros wminda-wKlis xevis mxridan Semodis Sio Tavadi~ (a. m., II, 572.9); `mware
Gimili tuCidan ar Sordeba~ (a. m. II, 574, 34); `Jididan amoiGebs abreSumis xelsaxocs~ (a. m.
II, 494. 10).
-dam: `es oxera, sanam batoni Camova soflidam, sul muqTad unda eKaros~ (a. m. II, 503, 7);
`nametnavad Tqveni qali cidam Camosul angelozs hgavs~ (p. m. II, 532. II); `magram am dros givi
gamovida saxlidam...~ (p. m. II, 499. 29).
5. Tanamedrove saliteraturo qarTulSi viTarebiTi brunvis formas miwevniTis
gadmosacemad erTvis Tandebuli mdeºmdis. `uTuod mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom -mde(an
-mdis) Tandebuli ukve Zvel qarTulSi gavlenas axdens brunvis daboloebaze: ad-mde
Jgufis or d-s mxolod m hKofs, romelsac ar Seswevs Zala pirveli maTganis dasacavad
da Sedegad viGebT gamartivebul saxes. -amde an -mdis, sadac ukve waSlilia zGvari
brunvis niSansa da Tandebuls Soris" (martirosovi, 1994, 461).
msgavsi SemTxvevebi xSirad gvxvdeba Sio aragvispirelis enaSic. magaliTad: `Zlivs,
4 zogierTi Tandebulis dialeqturi formisaTvis Sio aragvispirelis prozaSi

rogorc iqna aibGotnen sanaTuramde da agreTve SiggniT Zlivs CaibGotnen" (a.m. 1,61,2);
samxrobamde erTxelac ar SemouZaxnia `orovela" da xarebsac ise muKaiTad ar ekidebo-
da, rogorc winad, (a.m., II, 204,5); `ninikas mTamdis Jer kidev didi manZili gvqonda" (a.m.
1,67.3); `ufalo, Seni gverideba, Torem aqnobamdis davtovebdiT!" (p.m., II, 195, 21). ver
vitKviT, rom sitKvebSi _ sanaTuramde", `samxrobamde", `mTamdis", `aqnobamdis" a brunvis
niSania, -mdeº-mdis _ Tandebuli, radgan a brunvis niSnis mqone saxeli Cven ar gvxvdeba.
amitom dGes -amdeº-amdis mTlianad brunvis niSania (normebi, 1970, 154).
-amdeº-amdis paralelurad saSual qarTulSi arsebobda mdin, mdisi, mdisin formebi,
rac dialeqturia. aGniSnul Tandebuliani variantebi Tumca sporadulad, magram mainc
dasturdeba S. aragvispirelis prozaSi. magaliTad: aqnobamdin sada xar, kaco! (p.m. 1,
147,18); `...vidremdin qitua xmis amoGebas moaxerxebda, iseni ukve miimalebodnen..." (a.m.
1,190,29); `Semodis alaverda-xani TaviTfexebamdisin SeiaraGebuli". (p.m., II, 461, 36).
dasasrul, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom piradad Sio aragvispirelis da mis personajTa me-
tKvelebaSi SeiniSneba ori kilos inovaciebi: erTi rigi dialeqtizmebisa (mTiulur-gu-
damaKruli) avtors siKrmidanve aqvs SeTvisebuli mSobliuri kilodan da misTvis buneb-
rivia, meore rig dialeqtizmebs ki wamroadgens qarTulis sxva kiloze (qarTluri, kaxu-
ri) molaparake personajis metKvelebidan aGebuli masala. zemoT warmodgenili zogier-
Ti Tandebulis fonetikur-morfologiuri cvlileba erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSania
mwerlis enisa. isini Tavisi dialeqturi Tu arqauli gaformebiT bunebrivad arian Se-
rwKmuli ambis gadmosacemad gamoKenebul enobriv qsovilTan da emsaxurebian gadmocemu-
li Sinaarsis sinamdviled warmodgenas, nawarmoebTa Sinaarsisa da enis mizandasaxul
erTianobas, saTanado kuTxisa Tu epoqis realurad asaxvas.

gamoKenebuli literatura
Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis normebi, I, Tb., 1970.
T o f u r i a v., gardamavali dialeqtis sakiTxisaTvis svanurSi kiloebis monacemebis
mixedviT, Tsu Sromebi, Tb., 1965.
m a r t i r o s o v i aram. Tandebuli qarTulSi, ike, I, Tb., 1946.
S a n i Z e a., qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebi, I, Tb., 1973.
S a n i Z e a., baraTaSvilis ena, macne, qarTuli enisa da literaturis seria, Tb.,
1968.
S a n i Z e a., mde Tandebulis genezisisaTvis, Txz., t.II, Tb. 1981.
C i q o b a v a arn., qarTuli dialeqtologia da misi sazrunavi, II respublikuri dia-
leqtologiuri samecniero sesia, Tb., 1980.
C i q o b a v a arn., erTi ucnobi Tandebulis Sesaxeb qarTulSi, enimkis moambe, 1937.
Z o w e n i Z e q., zemoimeruli kilokavi, 1973.
J o r b e n a Z e b., qarTuli dialeqtologia, 1989.
a r a g v i s p i r e l i S., Txz. krebuli or tomad, Tb., 1947.
 zogierTi Tandebulis dialeqturi formisaTvis Sio aragvispirelis prozaSi 5

. Janjghava

Towards the Dialectal Form of Some Postpositions

in the Prose of Shio Aragvispireli
Summary
In Shio Aragvispireli’s language the typical material taken from his native dialect (Mtiulur-
Gudamaqruli), also material taken from another Georgian dialects (Kartlian-Kakhetian) has been observed.
Our aim is to show the dialect forms of some postpositions in Shio Aragvispireli’s prose. For example:
"ze" (on, above; shows place, location); "tvis//tvin" (for, show aim for what (whom) you do smth., object of
an action);"gan" and "dan" (from, answers the question where from? since what time? Instrumental case):
"mde//mdis" (till//untill, show the final point in time and space).
Phonetical and morphological changes in postpositions are one of the characteristic features of the
writer’s style.