B MN SINH HC- DI TRUYN Y HC

Bi ging
QU TRNH PHT TRIN HU PHI
NG VT A BO

NI DUNG
1. C IM QU TRNH PHT TRIN HU PHI
2.CC KIU PHT TRIN HU PHI.
2.1 Pht trin trc tip.
2.2 Pht trin gin tip.
3.CC THI K PHT TRIN HU PHI.
3.1 Thi k sinh trng.
3.2 Thi k trng thnh.
3.3 Thi k gi v cht t nhin.
4. CC YU T NH HNG QU TRNH PHT TRIN C TH.
4.1 Cc yu t bn trong c th.
4.2 Cc yu t bn ngoi.
NI DUNG
1. C IM QU TRNH PHT TRIN HU PHI
2.CC KIU PHT TRIN HU PHI.
2.1 Pht trin trc tip.
2.2 Pht trin gin tip.
3.CC THI K PHT TRIN HU PHI.
3.1 Thi k sinh trng.
3.2 Thi k trng thnh.
3.3 Thi k gi v cht t nhin.
4. CC YU T NH HNG QU TRNH PHT TRIN C TH.
4.1 Cc yu t bn trong c th.
4.2 Cc yu t bn ngoi.
1. C IM QU TRNH PHT TRIN HU PHI
Giai on t khi sinh vt non ra i cho n khi c
th gi v cht t nhin
Cc sinh vt tip tc ln ln v hon thin cc c
quan ca mnh lm cho c th sinh vt t c
nhng c im c trng ca loi v hnh dng,
kch thc bn ngoi cng nh bn trong c th.
Sinh vt tin hnh cc hot ng sinh sn, cho ra
con chu ri gi v cht t nhin.
NI DUNG
1. C IM QU TRNH PHT TRIN HU PHI
2.CC KIU PHT TRIN HU PHI.
2.1 Pht trin trc tip.
2.2 Pht trin gin tip.
3.CC THI K PHT TRIN HU PHI.
3.1 Thi k sinh trng.
3.2 Thi k trng thnh.
3.3 Thi k gi v cht t nhin.
4. CC YU T NH HNG QU TRNH PHT TRIN C TH.
4.1 Cc yu t bn trong c th.
4.2 Cc yu t bn ngoi.
2. CC KIU PHT TRIN HU PHI
Cn c s khc bit trong bin i con non thnh con trng thnh ngi
ta phn bit 2 kiu pht trin: Pht trin trc tip v pht trin gin tip.

S pht trin trc tip (Pht trin khng qua bin thi).
Con non sinh ra ging vi con trng thnh c v hnh dng ngoi v
cu to trong, ch khc v trng lng v kch thc. con non din ra
s tng khi lng v kch thc cc c quan, ng thi hon thin
cc c quan sinh sn tr thnh con trng thnh.
Hnh thc pht trin kiu ny c nhiu ng vt nh nhn, cn trng
khng cnh, c lng tim, c, b st, chim , ng vt c
Pht trin gin tip (pht trin
khng qua bin thi )
Bin thi hon ton. Con non mi n
(u trng) khc bit vi con trng
thnh v hnh dng, kch thc bn
ngoi v cu to bn trong cng
nh mi trng sng. u trng phi
tri qua mt hoc nhiu ln bin i
v mt cht lng tr thnh con
trng thnh.
Bin thi khng hon ton.
Mt s chn khp nh chu chu,
tm , ve su th giai on u trng
ging con trng thnh nhng
tr thnh trng thnh chng phi
tri qua nhiu ln lt xc.

Tuy phn bit 2 kiu pht trin
song khng phi l tuyt i
V d s pht trin c bin thi bm
Trng n thnh su non( su l giai
on tch ly dinh dng cn thit
cho s bin thi). Su non n thnh
nhng nm trong kn, y l giai
on xy ra cc bin i su sc
ti to c th , nhng lt xc tr
thnh con trng thnh, bm
trng thnh trng duy tr th
h ca loi.

S pht trin c bin thi gip sinh
vt thch nghi duy tr s tn ti
i vi iu kin mi trng
sng.V d : su bm c b hm
thch nghi n l cy, bm trng
thnh c b vi thch nghi ht mt.
NI DUNG
1. C IM QU TRNH PHT TRIN HU PHI
2.CC KIU PHT TRIN HU PHI.
2.1 Pht trin trc tip.
2.2 Pht trin gin tip.
3.CC THI K PHT TRIN HU PHI.
3.1 Thi k sinh trng.
3.2 Thi k trng thnh.
3.3 Thi k gi v cht t nhin.
4. CC YU T NH HNG QU TRNH PHT TRIN C TH.
4.1 Cc yu t bn trong c th.
4.2 Cc yu t bn ngoi.
3. CC THI K PHT TRIN HU PHI
3.1 Thi k sinh trng
c im:
Thi k sinh trng tnh t khi sinh vt ra i n khi sinh vt
ngng ln v bt u chn sinh dc ( c kh nng sinh sn).
Trao i cht: Tc ng ho din ra mnh hn d ho, lm cho c
th ln ln v khi lng v kch thc, mang tnh c trng cho loi
Cn c vo thi gian sinh trng m ngi ta chia 2 nhm:
Nhm sinh trng c gii hn: Gm nhng sinh vt ch ln ln trong
mt thi gian nht nh ca i sng c th. Sau khi t c kch
thc c trng ca loi, th c th chng ngng ln.
V d: chim v cc ng vt c v
Nhm sinh trng khng c gii hn (sinh trng sut i):s ln
ln ca c th sinh vt din ra trong sut thi gian sng ca c th.
V d: Mt s cy g lu nm
Mt s loi c: C mng
3. CC THI K PHT TRIN HU PHI
3.1 Thi k sinh trng
Qui lut sinh trng:
Quy lut sinh trng theo tui: Tui cng cao cng sinh trng cng gim.
Cng sinh trng t ti gi tr cc i nhng ngy sinh vt mi ra i.
V d: chut bch:
10-12 ngy sau , trng lng c th tng 5%/ngy.
17-18 ngy sau , trng lng c th tng 4%/ngy.
>45 ngy sau , trng lng c th tng 1%/ngy.
Quy lut sinh trng theo mc tin ho ca sinh vt.
C th sinh vt c mc t chc tin ho thp th tc sinh
trng nhanh hn c th c mc t chc tin ho cao.
V d: sinh vt n bo c tc sinh trng cao nht.
Rui gim: tc sinh trng cc i l 3000/ngy
m..
ngi, kh tc sinh trng cc i l 0.007-
0.0013/ngy m.
Quy lut sinh trng theo chu k.
S lun phin mt cch c quy lut gia thi k sinh trng vi
k ngh gi l sinh trng c chu k..Ngi ta chia cc kiu chu
k sinh trng nh sau:
3. CC THI K PHT TRIN HU PHI
3.1 Thi k sinh trng
Qui lut sinh trng:
Quy lut sinh trng theo tui:.
Quy lut sinh trng theo mc tin ho ca sinh vt..
Quy lut sinh trng theo chu k.
S lun phin mt cch c quy lut gia thi k sinh trng
vi k ngh gi l sinh trng c chu k..Ngi ta chia cc
kiu chu k sinh trng nh sau:
Chu k ma: Ph thuc vo ma trong nm, ma no kh
hu thun li, thc n di do, sinh vt s pht trin mnh
Chu k ngy m: ph thuc vo iu kin chiu sng
bi vy mt s thc vt sinh trng mnh vo ban m,
chm li vo ban ngy
Chu k lt xc: Sau mi ln lt xc, th kch thc con
vt tng gp 2 ln, s sinh trng ngng li n ln lt xc
tip theo. Hin tng ny c tnh cht quy lut gp sinh
vt cc ngnh chn khp, b st.
3. CC THI K PHT TRIN HU PHI
3.2 Thi k trng thnh
L thi k sinh vt bt u c kh nng hot ng sinh
dc c hiu qu, s sinh sn din ra to cc th h mi
duy tr s tn ti ca loi.
Cc c quan trong c th pht trin hon chnh. Qu
trnh ng ha v d ha din ra mnh m.Ty nhm sinh
vt m thi k trng thnh c th di hay ngn khc
nhau.
V d: nhn hay con gh c ch hot ng sinh dc mt
ln ri cht,ng vt ph du thi k trng thnh mt vi
ngy, ng vt c v ko di nhiu nm
3. CC THI K PHT TRIN HU PHI
3.3 Thi k gi v cht t nhin
Thi k gi
Khi nim: L thi k c cc bin i dn ti lm gim thp hn
kh nng hot ng mi mt ca c th trng thnh ( cn gi
l s lo ha)
c im :
c im c trng ca thi k ny l s gim st hot ng sinh
dc hoc mt hn kh nng hot ng sinh dc.
Cc c quan c s gim st kh nng hot ng so vi giai on
trng thnh
Trao i cht: qu trnh d ho mnh hn qu trnh ng ho.
Cc biu hin: gim trng lng c xng, ct sng mt tnh mm
do,gim lng nc trong c th-> da nhn nheo, cc mch mu
mt tnh n hi.
H thn kinh: gim s lng t bo thn kinh, phn x chm..., mt
m, chn chm, tr nh gim, sc khng yu, d b nhim bnh.
Nguyn nhn:
3. CC THI K PHT TRIN HU PHI
3.3 Thi k gi v cht t nhin
Thi k cht
Cht l thi k kt thc i sng c th (kt thc cu qu trnh
pht trin c th), n cng l 1 quy lut c tnh tt yu
ng vt bc cao phn bit 2 hnh thc cht.
Cht lm sng:
Ngng tim, ngng h hp.
Mt ht phn x bo v
Nhng trao i cht cc m, c quan vn cn. Bi vy, cht
lm sng c th hi phc c s sng.
Cht sinh vt
+. Ngng tim, ngng h hp.
+. Mt ht phn x bo v.
+. Trao i cht cc m v c quan ngng hn. Nn khng c
kh nng phc hi s sng.
Thi gian cht ti cc m, c quan khc nhau l khc nhau: T bo
thn kinh sau 5 pht, nhu m gan sau 40 pht, tim sau 24 gi.
3. CC THI K PHT TRIN HU PHI
3.3 Thi k gi v cht t nhin
Thi k cht
Cht l thi k kt thc i sng c th (kt thc cu qu trnh
pht trin c th), n cng l 1 quy lut c tnh tt yu
ng vt bc cao phn bit 2 hnh thc cht.
Cht lm sng:
Ngng tim, ngng h hp.
Mt ht phn x bo v
Nhng trao i cht cc m, c quan vn cn. Bi vy, cht
lm sng c th hi phc c s sng.
Cht sinh vt
+. Ngng tim, ngng h hp.
+. Mt ht phn x bo v.
+. Trao i cht cc m v c quan ngng hn. Nn khng c
kh nng phc hi s sng.
Thi gian cht ti cc m, c quan khc nhau l khc nhau: T bo
thn kinh sau 5 pht, nhu m gan sau 40 pht, tim sau 24 gi.
3. CC THI K PHT TRIN HU PHI
3.3 Thi k gi v cht t nhin
Thi k cht
Cht l thi k kt thc i sng c th (kt thc cu qu trnh
pht trin c th), n cng l 1 quy lut c tnh tt yu
ng vt bc cao phn bit 2 hnh thc cht.
Cht lm sng:
Ngng tim, ngng h hp.
Mt ht phn x bo v
Nhng trao i cht cc m, c quan vn cn. Bi vy, cht
lm sng c th hi phc c s sng.
Cht sinh vt
+. Ngng tim, ngng h hp.
+. Mt ht phn x bo v.
+. Trao i cht cc m v c quan ngng hn. Nn khng c
kh nng phc hi s sng.
Thi gian cht ti cc m, c quan khc nhau l khc nhau: T bo
thn kinh sau 5 pht, nhu m gan sau 40 pht, tim sau 24 gi.
4. Cc yu t nh hng s pht trin c th
4.1 Cc yu t bn trong
Tnh di truyn
- H thng gen iu khin s sinh trng v pht trin ca ng vt.
- Mi c th ng vt u c c im sinh trng v pht trin c trng
cho loi v do tnh di truyn quyt nh.
Gii tnh
Trong cng mt loi, s pht trin ca con c v con ci khc nhau.
Thng con ci c tc ln nhanh hn v sng lu hn.
Cc hoocmon
-Hoocmon sinh trng c tit ra t thy trc tuyn yn c tc dng
tng cng qu trnh tng hp Pr do tng cng qu trnh sinh trng
ca c th.
- Tyroxin lm tng cng tc chuyn ha-> tng cng sinh trng.
- Hoocmon iu ha s bin thi: ty theo mc tc ng ca cc
hoocmon iu ha bin thi m cn trng bin thi kiu hon ton hay
khng hon ton.
- iu ha s to thnh cc tnh trng sinh dc th cp
4. Cc yu t nh hng s pht trin c th
4.1 Cc yu t bn ngoi
Yu t thc n
Thc n l yu t quan trng gy nh hng n tc sinh trng
v pht trin ca ng vt qua cc giai on.
Yu t mi trng
Cc yu t mi trng nh nc, mui khong, nh sng, nhit ,
khng kh... u gy nh hng n s pht trin ca sinh vt.
V d: Nng nc ch c th pht trin trong mi trng nc. C r
phi sinh trng nhanh nht nhit 30, nu nhit xung qu 18
th chng ngng ln v ngng .Cc cht c hi lm sai lch s
pht trin.