Eia Du An Quan Ly Thien Tai PDF

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
B NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN (MARD)

BAN QUN L TRUNG NG CC D N THY LI (CPO)

D N QUN L THIN TAI VIT NAM (WB5)

Bo co - nh gi mi trng (M)

TRNG I HC THY LI
CNG TY T VN V CHUYN GIAO CNG NGH

Thng 3 - 2012
nh gi mi trng
D n Qun l thin tai Vit Nam

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MC LC
TM TT .1
CHNG I: GII THIU .............................................................................................. 5
1.1. Mc tiu ca M ............................................................................................................. 6
1.2. Phm vi v nhim v ca M.......................................................................................... 7
1.3. Phng php tip cn v ni dung ca bo co ............................................................... 7
CHNG 2. M T TM TT D N ...................................................................... 9
2.1. Mc tiu v cc hp phn ca D n ............................................................................... 9
2.2. Vng d n v cc hot ng chnh ............................................................................... 19
CHNG 3. KHUNG PHP L, CHNH SCH V TH CH .............................. 24
2.1. Chnh sch an ton ca Ngn hng Th gii ................................................................. 24
2.2. Khung php l v qun l mi trng v thin tai ca Vit Nam ................................. 26
2.3. T chc th ch hin hnh. ............................................................................................ 28
CHNG 4. MI TRNG NN VNG D N ................................................... 30
4.1. Cch tip cn phn vng v nh gi mi trng .......................................................... 32
4.2. Mi trng nn vng d n ........................................................................................... 32
4.3. Tnh hnh thin tai v kh nng ng ph ....................................................................... 38
CHNG 5. NH GI MI TRNG .................................................................. 41
5.1 Cc tc ng tch cc ...................................................................................................... 41
5.2. Nhn din cc tc ng tiu cc .................................................................................... 45
5.3 nh gi tc ng mi trng giai on chun b v thi cng ....................................... 50
5.4 nh gi tc ng mi trng giai on vn hnh ......................................................... 57
5.5. Phn tch phng n la chn ........................................................................................ 58
CHNG 6. XUT CC BIN PHP GIM THIU ........................................ 66
6.1. Mc tiu v phm vi p dng ......................................................................................... 66
6.2. Khung chnh sch an ton p ....................................................................................... 67
6.3. T chc thc hin v gim st ....................................................................................... 68
CHNG 7. THAM VN TRONG QU TRNH THC HIN BO CO MI
TRNG VNG .......................................................................................................... 74
7.1. Mc tiu v phng php tham vn cng ng ............................................................. 74
7.2. Xc nh cc nhm ngi b nh hng ........................................................................ 74
7.3. Phng php v k thut tin hnh tham vn ............................................................... 75
7.4. Kt qu tham tham vn .................................................................................................. 75
CC PH LC
Ph lc 1: Danh mc d n v v tr d n
Ph lc 2: Chnh sch v th ch ca Vit Nam
Ph lc 3: Mi trng nn cc lu vc sng
Ph lc 4: Tnh hnh thin tai cc lu vc sng
Ph lc 5: Kt qu sng lc cc tc ng tiu cc ca cc TDA
Ph lc 6: Tham vn cng ng
Ph lc 7: nh thc a v tham vn cng ng
nh gi mi trng

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DANH MC BNG BIU, HNH V
Bng 2.1: Danh mc cc hot ng xy dng thuc hp phn 3 ............................................. 20
Bng 2.2. Tng hp s lng cc cng trnh do tnh xut cho hp phn 4 ........................ 21
Bng 2.3. Tng hp s lng cc TDA xut cho hp phn 4 theo lu vc sng ................ 21
Bng 2.4. Ni dung u t xy dng ch yu ca cc TDA thuc HP4 theo cc nhm .......... 22
Bng 2.5: Danh mc cc TDA xut thc hin nm u (5 tnh, 5 lu vc sng) ................ 23
Bng 3.1. Cc chnh sch an ton mi trng ca WB lin quan n d n ........................... 24
Hnh 2.1. S h thng qun l mi trng .......................................................................... 29
Hnh 4.2. V tr cc vn quc gia v khu bo tn ln trong vng d n ................................ 35
Hnh 4.3. Mt dn s mt s lu vc sng trong khu vc d n ......................................... 36
Hnh 4.4. C cu kinh t mt s lu vc sng trong khu vc d n ........................................ 37
Bng 5.1. Xc nh cc tc ng tiu cc tim n .................................................................... 45
Bng 5.2 Tc ng lin quan n thu hi t v ti nh c ca cc TDA nm u .............. 47
Bng 5.3: Phn tch so sch cc phng n c v khng c D n ......................................... 60
Bng 6.1. Hng dn sng lc mi trng v cc hnh ng tng ng cho cc TDA hp
phn 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 70
Bng 7.1. Tham vn cng ng trong qu trnh chun b M v KQMX ............................... 74
nh gi mi trng

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DANH MC CH VIT TT

B NN&PTNT B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
B TN&MT B ti nguyn v Mi trng
BQDT Ban qun l d n tnh
BQDTW Ban qun l d n Trung ng
BQM B quy tc mi trng
BQMX Ban qun l mi trng, x hi
CPO Ban qun l cc d n thy li trung ng thuc B
NN&PTNT
TM nh gi tc ng mi trng
M nh gi mi trng
KCA Khung Chnh sch an ton p
KCDT Khung chnh sch dn tc thiu s
KCT Khung chnh sch ti nh c
KHT K hoch hnh ng ti nh c
KPDT K hoch pht trin dn tc thiu s
KQM K hoch qun l mi trng
KQMX Khung qun l mi trng v x hi
KQMC K hoch qun l mi trng chi tit theo hp ng
GoV Chnh ph Vit Nam
OP Chnh sch vn hnh ca WB
UBND y ban nhn dn
QCVN Quy chun k thut quc gia
QRTC Qun l ri ro thin tai da vo cng ng
S TN&MT S ti nguyn v Mi trng
S NN&PTNT S Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn
TCVN Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam
TDA Tiu d n
TGT T vn gim st thi cng
TGM T vn gim st mi trng
WB Ngn Hng th gii

nh gi mi trng

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TM TT

D n Qun l thin tai Vit Nam (gi tt l WB5 hay D n) l mt trong nhng d
n do Chnh ph u t nhm h tr vic thc hin Chin lc quc gia phng, chng v
gim nh thin tai ti nm 2020. Mt phn kinh ph ca d n c cp t khon vay Ngn
hng Th gii v d n s c thc hin ti 10 tnh min Trung Vit Nam, bao gm Thanh
Ha, Ngh An, H Tnh, Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Nng, Qung Nam, Qung Ngi, Bnh
nh v Ninh Thun.
Cc mc tiu ca D n bao gm: (i) Tng cng kh nng ca cc c quan qun l ri ro
thin tai ca quc gia, ca tnh v ca a phng ci thin vic lp k hoch v gim thiu cc
ri ro; (ii) Ci thin h thng d bo thi tit v cnh bo sm; (iii) Xy dng nng lc cho cc
cp thn x h tr xy dng K hoch thn an ton v x an ton; (iv) gim thiu ri ro thin
tai cc vng u tin cap thng qua vic b tr cc bin php cng trnh hiu qu v u t xy
dng h tng c s quy m nh v va; (v) nng cao nng lc qun l v thc thi D n, qun l
mi trng, x hi trong cng tc qun l thin tai tng hp.
Mc ch ca nh gi Mi trng (M): Tun th theo ng chnh sch an ton
(OP/BP 4.01) ca WB, phn nh gi mi trng ca D n Qun l thin tai Vit Nam (VN-
Haz/WB5) c thc hin nhm xem xt cc vn v tc ng mi trng lin quan n d
n theo tip cn lu vc sng. M c bit ch n cc tc ng tch ly tim n ca nhiu
hot ng cng lc. M trnh by cc kha cnh chnh sch, th ch lin quan n qun l
mi trng v ri ro thin tai, nh gi cc tc ng tim n, c tc ng tch cc v tiu cc,
cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc, bao gm c phn cht cht vic qun l mi
trng trong qu trnh thit k D n.
Lut php Quc gia v nh gi mi trng: Lut Bo v Mi trng (2005) a ra
cc quy nh v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo
v mi trng i vi cc hot ng pht trin. Vic lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi
trng c tin hnh ng thi vi qu trnh lp d n u t (bo co nghin cu kh thi).
Chnh sch an ton ca Ngn hng Th gii: D n c xp vo nhm B v WB s
ph duyt cc bin php gim thiu. D n phi p ng cc Chnh sch an ton ca Ngn
hng Th gii, bao gm: OP 4.01 nh gi Mi trng; OP 4.11 Vn ha vt th; OP 4.10
Ti nh c bt buc; OP 4.12 Ngi bn a/Dn tc thiu s; OP 4.37 An ton p; cng
nh p ng c Chnh sch v tip cn thng tin ca ngn hng th gii. D n khng nh
hng n cc khu bo tn quc gia, khu c tr t nhin, rng.
Mi trng nn vng d n: Cc iu kin mi trng hin ti ca vng d n c
nh gi theo cc lu vc sng. Cc lu vc sng trong vng d n bao gm lu vc sng
M, lu vc sng C, lu vc sng V Gia Thu Bn, lu vc sng Tr Khc V Tr
Bng, lu vc sng Gianh, lu vc sng Kone. Hu ht cc sng u ngn v dc, nc tp
trung nhanh, cc ca sng d b bi lp. Khu vc d n nm trong vng nhit i gi ma vi
nhit trung bnh 27
o
C v c chia ra lm hai khu vc chnh l Bc Trung B v Duyn
Hi Nam Trung B. S bin i kh hu lm cho khng kh lnh gim r rt, bo xut hin
nhiu hn, mc nc bin tng lm gia tng nhim mn trn ton vng d n. Cht lng
nh gi mi trng

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khng kh nhn chung cn tt tr mt s khu th c nng bi v ting n tng i cao.
Trn ton vng d n, ngun nc ngm c cht lng tng i tt, c th dng lm ngun
nc phc v cho cp nc sinh hot. Tuy nhin, mt s khu vc, ngun nc ngm c
hm lng st v mangan cao hoc b nhim mn. Cht lng nc mt kh tt tr hm lng
cht rn l lng cao do xi l b sng, tuy nhin cht lng nc b gim st nghim trng trong
v sau khi c ma to hoc bo. Cht lng t ton vng nhn chung cn tt. H ng thc vt
trn cn ch yu l h thng rng nguyn sinh. H ng thc vt nc ngt khng c nhiu
c trng, tuy nhin vi b bin di, 23 ca sng, nhiu m ph, thm lc a rng nhiu ti
nguyn, ti nguyn bin rt phong ph. Trong vng d n c nhiu khu vn quc gia, khu
bo tn d tr ti nguyn thin nhin v c gi tr a dng sinh hc cao.
Trong vng d n, mt dn s ti hu ht cc lu vc sng u thp hn mt trung
bnh ca c nc, tr lu vc sng Tr Khc v lu vc sng Kone. Tt c cc lu vc sng
u c dn s nng thn chim hn 70% tng dn s lu vc. Trong vng d n t nng
nghip chim khong 70%, cn li l t phi nng nghip (chim khong 10%) v t cha s
dng (20%). Din tch t nng lm nghip v t cha s dng gim do chuyn i mc ch
s dng t sang xy dng cc cng trnh giao thng, thy li, thy in, th v nh my, x
nghip. C s h tng ca vng d n cn thp km, c bit l h thng ng giao thng
nng thn cha p ng c yu cu giao thng, cu h, cu nn khi c ma ln hoc ngp
lt. Kinh t vng vn trong tnh trng kh khn v cc ngun ti nguyn bin ang b khai
thc qu mc.
Khu vc vng d n thng xy ra hu ht cc loi hnh ri ro thin tai xut hin
Vit Nam, trong ph bin nht l l lt, bo, nng nng L lt, ngp ng min Trung
thng xy ra ng thi trn nhiu tnh, c khi bao trm c min vi mc rt ln, l lt
xy ra nhiu hn, c lit hn gy thit hi ln c ngi v ca, lm nhim mi trng t,
nc. L qut xy ra thng ngun cc sng ti H Tnh, Qung Bnh, Qung Nam,
Nng, Qung Ngi. Bo, p thp nhit i ang din bin nhiu hn v c lit hn. Theo s
liu thng k 10 nm, t nm 1981-1991, cc cn bo trc tip b vo cc tnh min Trung
chim 65% thng s cn bo b vo Vit Nam.
Cc tc ng tch cc: Kt qu nh gi cho thy D n s mang li nhng li ch
thit thc cho quc gia v cho cng ng. C th l: (i) Gim thit hi v ngi v ti sn
thng qua vic bo v khong 900.000 ngi (hn 210.000 h) trong c 5 nhm DTTS:
Mng, Thi, K Tu, Hr v Chm, v gn 50 ngn hecta t sn xut khng phi chu l lt
v hn hn hng nm; (ii) to iu kin pht trin kinh t - x hi v ci thin cuc sng cho
ngi dn vng d n; (iii) nng cao nhn thc cng ng v nng lc qun l ri ro thin tai
ca cc cp; v (v) ci to cht lng mi trng sng. Vic h tr k thut v ti chnh theo
cc hot ng ca hp phn 1, 2, 3 ca D n s tip tc tng cng chnh sch v nng lc
th ch cho cc c quan chnh cp Trung ng v a phng cng nh nng lc ca cng
ng ng ph vi cc ri ro thin tai.
Cc tc ng tiu cc: Cc tc ng tiu cc ca D n ch yu do cc hot ng thi
cng thc hin hp phn 4, bao gm: (i) Thu hi t v ti nh c i vi ngi dn a
phng, trong c ngi DTTS; (ii) Gii phng mt bng v thi cng lm suy gim cht
lng mi trng chng hn nh cht lng nc xung cp, bi, nhim khng kh, ting
nh gi mi trng

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n, tng ri ro v an ton giao thng v mt giao thng do cn tr giao thng v do cc
hot ng xy dng; cc vn x hi nh nguy c i vi sc khe cng ng, xung t v
x hi hoc cn tr cng vic kinh doanh v cc hot ng kinh t ca a phng Tuy
nhin, tt c cc tc ng ny c nh gi mc nh n trung bnh, mang tnh tm
thi, cc b v c th gim thiu c thng qua cc hot ng thi cng hp l cng vi s
gim st cht ch ca cc k s hin trng v mi lin h cht ch vi chnh quyn, cng
ng dn c a phng. gim thiu nhng tc ng ny, b Quy tc mi trng c
xy dng v s c ghi trong cc ti liu u thu v hp ng thi cng cc TDA hp phn
4. Ri ro lin quan n bom mn cha n c nhn din nhiu tiu d n. Ri ro ny c
nh gi mc trung bnh v c th gim thiu thng qua vic kim tra v tho d bom
mn (nu c). Trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n, ri ro do cc cng trnh khng c thit
k hoc qun l thch hp c th xy ra. Ri ro ny cng c nh gi l nh v c th gim
thiu thng qua tham vn cc bn lin quan v cc hot ng nng cao nng lc c trin
khai hp phn 1, 2, v 3. Ri ro lin quan n xi l b bin c th c gim thiu thng
qua vic thit k cc cng trnh ca sng mt cch thch hp v tham vn chnh quyn a
phng cng nh cng ng xung quanh. Cc kt qu ca nh gi Tc ng Mi trng ch
ra rng D n s khng gy tc ng n cc cu trc vn ha vt th, di tch lch s v cc
khu bo tn thin nhin v a dng sinh hc.
Cc tc ng tiu cc ca cc hot ng thuc hp phn 1, 2, 3 ch gii hn nhng
hot ng lin quan n cng trnh nh nh ci to hoc xy mi phng lm vic, nh trnh
tr bo cng ng, ng hoc cu nh, trng hc di dn trong trng hp khn cp. Cc
tc ng tiu cc c nh gi l rt nh v c th gim thiu thng qua qu trnh thit k v
p dng cc bin php thi cng thch hp. Mt b Quy tc mi trng n gim c xy
dng v s c km theo trong cc ti liu u thu v hp ng thi cng cho cc tiu d n
hp phn 3
Khung qun l mi trng x hi (KQMX): Da vo cc tiu d n c trin khai
theo cc giai on khc nhau, mt KQMX c xy dng nhm m bo rng cc TDA v
cc hot ng c ti tr theo d n ny s khng c cc tc ng tiu cc n mi trng
v cng ng a phng ng thi cc tc ng s c gim thiu thch ng ph hp vi
cc chnh sch ca WB. KQMX s m t cc tiu ch sng lc an ton v nhn din cc tc
ng; cc nguyn tc c bn xy dng cc bin php gim thiu; cc yu cu ph chun an
ton ca WB; v qu trnh thc hin, kim tra, gim st v bo co. KQMX cng a ra
nhng hng dn chun b KQM cho cc tiu d n, bao gm c nhng hnh ng h tr
cho qu trnh trin khai KQM, sp xp th ch, o to an ton v nng cao nng lc, phn b
ngun vn v cc ngun ti chnh khc. i vi cc TDA lin quan n an ton p, Khung
chnh sch an ton p (KCA) c chun b, trong c hng dn chun b bo co an
ton p i vi p ln v Bo co kim tra an ton p i vi p nh.
T chc thc hin. Chnh ph giao cho B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn
(B NN&PTNT) l c quan chu trch nhim chung trong vic chun b v trin khai d n.
Ban Qun l D n Trung ng do B NN&PTNT thnh lp c trch nhim chung trong vic
trin khai d n s chun b KQMX, KCT, KCDT. Vic thc hin d n s giao cho BQDT
cp tnh, bao gm c vic thc hin cc ti liu an ton (KQM, BA, BKA, KHT v
nh gi mi trng

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KPDT). BQDT s chu trch nhim phi hp vi Ban Qun l trung ng (BQDTW), Ban
Ti inh c huyn v cc n v qun l mi trng a phng trong cng tc gim st ni
b thng xuyn vic thc thi tt c cc vn bn an ton. BQDTW s theo di v gim st
qu trnh thc hin t nht mi nm mt ln v bo co kt qu gim st cho Ngn hng Th
gii theo nh k hng nm.
Tham vn Cng ng: Theo ng yu cu v tham vn v cng khai thng tin ca
Ngn hng Th gii, vic tham vn v cng khai thng tin c thc hin trong qu trnh
chun b M v KQMX. Hai t tham vn c tin hnh trong thng 6-7 nm 2011 v
thng 9 nm 2011. i tng tham vn bao gm cc h nng dn, ng dn chu tc ng trc
tip hoc gin tip ca d n, chnh quyn a phng, cc c quan qun l nh nc cp
trung ng v a phng, cc t chc phi chnh ph, cc t chc dn s ... Cc yu cu cng
nh nguyn vng ca cc bn lin quan u c cn nhc, xem xt trong qu trnh chun b
cc ti liu an ton. Hu ht cc tnh v cng ng thuc vng d n u by t nhit tnh ng
h d n v mong mun d n c sm thc hin.

nh gi mi trng

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CHNG I: GII THIU
Vit Nam l mt nc thng xuyn b nh hng ca bo, l, l qut, lt, st l t,
xm nhp mn, hn hn v chy rng. Thng 11/2007, Chnh ph Vit Nam ph chun
Chin lc quc gia phng, chng v gim nh thin tai ti nm 2020, trong ra
c cc mc tiu chnh v qun l ri ro thin tai. Cc nhu cu u t, bao gm u t v
c s h tng v tng cng nng lc th ch c xem xt. Thng 10/2009, Chnh ph
ch o trin khai thc hin chin lc nu trn, theo , Ban Ch huy Phng chng Lt
bo Trung ng, thuc B NN&PTNT l u mi thc hin chin lc ny. Cc BCH
PCLB tnh v a phng trc thuc chu trch nhim qun l ri ro thin tai a ngnh.
Thng qua d n Qun l ri ro thin tai (WB4), Ngn hng Th gii (WB) h tr
qun l ri ro thin tai v qun l ti nguyn nc. D n WB4 c thc hin t thng
5/2006 v d kin hon thnh vo thng 6/2011. D n h tr u t c s h tng gim
nh ri ro thin tai, gm vic xy dng cc cng trnh tr bo cho tu thuyn, xy dng
bin, v.v., h tr ti thit sau thin tai ti 8 tnh b nh hng bo nm 2007 v 2008, thc hin
cng tc qun l ri ro thin tai da vo cng ng ti 30 x, h tr k thut nh gi thit hi
do thin tai gy ra, lp k hoch ngn sch c lin quan ti qun l ri ro thin tai v cc lnh
vc khc. Bn cnh , WB h tr cc c quan ca Chnh ph v k nng, phng php
lun phn tch v cc ni dung v qun l ri ro thin tai theo Chng trnh ton cu v gim
nh v khi phc thit hi do thin tai, nghin cu cc phng n ti chnh lin quan n ri
ro thin tai, tng cng nhn thc cho cng ng v ri ro thin tai v nh gi ri ro thin tai
cc tnh la chn.
Da vo kinh nghim u t qun l ri ro thin tai gn y, c bit l d n WB4.
B Nng nghip & PTNT, i din cho chnh ph Vit Nam v Ngn hng th gii (WB)
tin hnh xy dng d n tip theo nhm qun l thin tai. Tn gi D n l: Qun l thin tai
Vit Nam (VN-Haz/WB5 gi tt l WB5). D n WB5 s p dng nhng bi hc t cc d
n khc, ng thi gii thiu nhng vn gim thiu ri ro m trc cha c s dng
cng mt cp quy m chng hn nh h thng cnh bo v qun l ri ro thin tai da
vo cng ng (QRTC). D n WB5 s c trin khai thc hin trn a bn 10 tnh ven
bin thuc min Trung, ni chu nh hng nhiu nht ca bo, l. Cc tnh tham gia vo d
n bao gm cc tnh Thanh Ha, Ngh An, H Tnh, Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Nng,
Qung Nam, Qung Ngi, Bnh nh v Ninh Thun.
Ban Qun l Trung ng cc d n Thy li (CPO) thuc BNN&PTNT c giao
trch nhim chun b d n. D n bao gm 5 hp phn, vi tng chi ph d kin ca d
n l 150 triu USD, c th: Hp phn 1: Tng cng th ch, h thng thng tin v lp k
hoch qun l ri ro thin tai - 7 triu USD; Hp phn 2: Tng cng h thng d bo kh
tng thy vn v cnh bo sm thin tai - 30 triu USD; Hp phn 3: Qun l thin tai
da vo cng ng 22 triu USD; Hp phn 4: H tr u t gim thiu ri ro thin tai
cho cc TDA u tin 104,7 USD; Hp phn 5: Qun l d n - 3.8 triu USD.
Theo cc yu cu v bo v mi trng, theo cc quy nh ca lut php Vit Nam
lin quan n nh gi tc ng mi trng, trc khi d n c ph duyt cn c cc nh
gi v mi trng cho ton d n. Bn cnh , c c hi nhn c h tr t WB, d n
nh gi mi trng

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phi m bo rng khng gy nh hng, tc ng xu ti con ngi, x hi v mi trng t
nhin. D n phi p ng cc Chnh sch an ton ca Ngn hng Th gii, bao gm: OP 4.01
nh gi Mi trng; OP4.04 Mi trng sng t nhin; OP 4.36 Rng; OP 4.11 Vn ha vt
th; OP 4.10 Ngi bn a/Dn tc thiu s; OP 4.12 Ti nh c khng t nguyn; OP 4.37
An ton p; cng nh p ng c Chnh sch v tip cn thng tin ca ngn hng th gii.
p ng c yu cu v mi trng ca nh nc Vit Nam v Ngn hng th
gii, cc cng vic cn c thc hin, bao gm: nh gi mi trng vng (M); xut
khung qun l mi trng x hi (KQMX); Xy dng B quy tc chun thc hnh mi
trng (BQM) cho cc tiu d n thuc HP 3 v HP 4; Khung chnh sch ti nh c (KCT);
Khung chnh sch dn tc thiu s (KCDT); K hoch hnh ng Ti nh c (KHT); K
hoch pht trin cc dn tc thiu s (KPDT); nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) v K
hoch qun l mi trng (KQM) ca cc tiu d n nm u. Cng ty t vn v chuyn giao
cng ngh trng i hc Thy li c giao nhim v nh gi mi trng vng (M);
xut khung qun l mi trng x hi (KQMX) cho ton b d n cng nh xy dng B quy
tc mi trng (BQM) cho cc tiu d n thuc HP3 v HP4.
Cng vic c bt u thc hin t 1/6/2011 v kt thc vo 30/9/2011, gm cc ni
dung chnh sau: Tho lun & thng nht phng php lun v k hoch cng tc chi tit; Xy
dng cng bo co M v KQMX; Thu thp ti liu, vn bn c lin quan n dch v t
vn; Nghin cu cc ti liu, cc thuyt minh hin c ca cc tiu d n, phc v m t d n:
M t khi lng v cc hng mc cng trnh v vng a l/lu vc sng thuc d n, qui
m u t, ch d n ca cc u t d n; M t hin trng kinh t -x hi v mi trng ca
vng D n; Phn loi cc cc tiu d n, cc cng trnh theo vng/lu vc, theo ri ro/tc
ng mi trng/x hi, vv; nh gi s b cc vn mi trng tim tng t cc tiu d
n. Chun b cng tc thc a, chun b ni dung thc a, gm: Ni dung kho st thc a,
Ni dung tham vn cng ng, C quan cn n lm vic, Danh mc ti liu cn thu thp;
iu tra kho st thc a cc vng d n ti 10 tnh, c bit cc vng d n in hnh. Thu thp
ti liu. Tham vn cng ng v hin trng ti nguyn mi trng, pht trin kinh t x hi
ca cc x, cc tc ng mi trng tim tng trong cc vng d n; Tin hnh nh gi mi
trng vng (M), xut khung qun l mi trng x hi (KQMX); Xy dng B quy tc
chun thc hnh mi trng (BQM) cho cc tiu d n thuc HP3 v HP4; Tham vn cng
ng ly kin phn hi; B sung v hon chnh bo co cui cng.
1.1. Mc tiu ca M
Mc tiu chnh ca M l xc nh cc tc ng tim tng ca d n nhm m bo cc
tc ng tiu cc tim tng c gim thiu ng k ti mc c th chp nhn v to c hi
tng cng cc tc ng tch cc ca d n. M c thc hin nhm to c hi cho cng ng
tham gia vo d n. M l c s a ra quyt nh u t. M c p dng trong giai
on u ca quy hoch pht trin, trc khi a ra cc quyt nh v cc d n c th c
xut. M cho php nh gi ton din v vn mi trng trong vng, v c th c s
dng thit lp cc chnh sch pht trin mi trng. M l mt cng c kim tra cc vn
v tc ng mi trng lin h vi mt chin lc, chnh sch, k hoch, hoc chng trnh c
th, hoc vi cc d n cho mt vng c th, nh gi v so snh cc tc ng vi cc phng
n thay th khc nhau, nh gi v kha cnh php l v th ch lin quan n cc vn v cc
tc ng; xut cc bin php tng cng qun l mi trng trong khu vc.
nh gi mi trng

7
1.2. Phm vi v nhim v ca M
- Phm vi: T vn tin hnh cc cng vic cn thit xy dng bo co nh gi mi trng
vng cho cc tiu d n. Bo co ny s gm cc ni dung chnh sau: M t cc qui nh php
l v mi trng ca Chnh ph v cc yu cu v chnh sch an ton ca Ngn hng Th gii
(WB) i vi d n; M t cc hin trng mi trng vng d n, s dng phng php tip
cn lu vc sng, nhng ni c th; Tin hnh nh gi s b tc ng mi trng tim n
ca d n theo cc hng mc u t ca d n gy ra; Tin hnh nh gi mi trng vng
(M); Thit lp Khung qun l mi trng x hi ca D n (KQMX); Kt qu tham vn cc
bn lin quan v k hoch ph bin thng tin M v KQMX.
- Nhim v: Nhim v ca t vn c th nh sau:
Nhim v 1: M t khung chnh sch, php lut v th ch v qun l mi trng v
qun l thin tai trong d n:
Nhim v 2: M t k hoch pht trin v cc d n lin quan
Nhim v 3: M t hin trng kinh t -x hi v mi trng ca vng D n
Nhim v 4: D bo tc ng mi trng tim n
Nhim v 5: Phn tch cc phng n
Nhim v 6: a ra cc khuyn ngh v chin lc hnh ng/chin lc mi trng
khu vc
Nhim v 7: Thit lp bo co nh gi mi trng vng
Nhim v 8: Thit lp Khung qun l mi trng x hi (KQMX)
Nhim v 9: Tham vn cng ng v phi hp vi t vn lp bo co nghin cu kh thi
(FS) ca d n
1.3. Phng php tip cn v ni dung ca bo co
- Nghin cu ni nghip, nghin cu, m t cc vn bn c lin quan n dch v t vn
(cc hng dn mi trng lin quan t cc ngnh, lnh vc lin quan thuc phm vi
d n; Bi cnh lin quan v cc quy nh v php ch v mi trng; Khung php
ch v t chc tin hnh nh gi v qun l mi trng trong khun kh phm vi
d n; Cc yu cu v chnh sch an ton ca Ngn hng th gii i vi d n; khung
chnh sch v t chc th ch v qun l mi trng v qun l thin tai trong d n)
- nh gi s b cc vn mi trng tim tng t cc tiu d n (cn nhc kho st
mu), Phn loi cc cc tiu d n, cc cng trnh theo vng/lu vc, theo ri ro/tc
ng mi trng/x hi, vv; nh gi la chn cc vng nghin cu vi cc tiu d n
in hnh, tin hnh thc hin nh gi mi trng vng (M) v khung qun l mi
trng x hi (KQMX);
- iu tra kho st thc a, phc v nh gi mi trng vng (M) v thit lp khung
qun l mi trng x hi (KQMX).
- S dng ma trn mi trng v Bn lit k cho mi nhm h tr qu trnh lp k
hoch nhm gim thiu ri ro mi trng v ti a ho li ch mi trng; xut ni
dung khung qun l mi trng x hi (ch ra cc tnh hung tim tng cn thit) kt
nh gi mi trng

8
hp vi cc bin php ph hp gim tc ng tiu cc/tng tc ng tch cc v,
cc yu cu gim st (nu cn).
- S dng cc ti liu hin c, cc thuyt minh d n (ca cc tiu d n) trong nh gi
mi trng vng v xy dng khung qun l mi trng x hi. Thu thp thng tin c
lin quan n dch v t vn t cc ban ngnh, cc i tc c lin quan, t cp trung
ng n a phng.
- S dng phng php t vn chuyn gia trong cc cng on thc hin dch v t vn,
c th: xy dng phng php lun, lp k hoch cng tc chi tit; D on cc vn
mi trng tim tng t cc tiu d n (cn nhc kho st mu), nh gi la chn cc
vng nghin cu vi cc tiu d n in hnh, phn loi d n, vv; lp bo co M v
KQMX; gp d tho bo co; vv.
- p dng phng php iu tra nh tnh/tham vn cng ng cc cp: Cp trung ng
(B TN&MT, b NN&PTNT); Cp tnh (Cc S ban ngnh c lin quan thuc cc
tnh trong vng nghin cu); Cp huyn (UBND/cc phng ban lin quan ca cc
huyn c tiu d n nm trong vng nghin cu in hnh); Cp x (Cc x in hnh
l i tng hng li hoc chu tc ng ca d n)
- m bo cc bo co c xy dng l ph hp vi khung th ch ca ngnh v p
ng cc chnh sch an ton ca Ngn hng th gii.
Cu trc ca bo co: Do cc bo co KQMX v KCA c chun b c lp nn
bo co ny ch m t tm tt cc im chnh ca cc bo co trn. Ni dung chi tit v qun
l an ton mi trng v an ton p s c trnh by trong KQMX v KCA. Cc ti liu
khc v an ton x hi nh nh gi x hi, Khung chnh sch ti nh c, Khung chnh sch
dn tc thiu s cng c chun b thnh cc ti liu c lp. Bo co nh gi Mi trng
gm 7 chng v 7 ph lc nh sau:
Chng 1
Chng 2
Chng 3
Chng 4
Chng 5
Chng 6
Chng 7
Gii thiu
M t tm tt d n
Khung php l ca Vit Nam v Ngn hng th gii
Mi trng nn vng d n
nh gi tc ng mi trng
Cc bin php gim thiu
Tham vn cng ng
Ph lc 1: Bn cc lu vc sng v v tr d n
Ph lc 2: Chnh sch v th ch ca Vit Nam
Ph lc 3: Mi trng nn cc lu vc sng
Ph lc 4: Tnh hnh thin tai cc lu vc sng
Ph lc 5: Kt qu sng lc cc tc ng tiu cc ca cc TDA
Ph lc 6: Tham vn cng ng
Ph lc 7: nh thc a v tham vn cng ng
nh gi mi trng

9
CHNG 2. M T TM TT D N
Chng ny trnh by cc mc tiu v hp phn ca D n, bao gm c vng d n v
cc tiu d n (TDA) xut. V tr ca cc TDA c trnh by trong Ph lc 1.

2.1. Mc tiu v cc hp phn ca D n
- Mc tiu: Mc tiu chnh ca D n l h tr vic thc hin Chin lc quc gia
phng, chng v gim nh thin tai n nm 2020 gim thit hi v ngi v ca do thin
tai ti mt s lu vc chnh c la chn ti min Trung Vit Nam thng qua mt s hot
ng u t v tng cng nng lc.
t c cc mc tiu nu trn, thit k d n s dng cch tip cn lu vc
sng, tp trung u t vo nhng lu vc sng chnh, lng ghp cc hp phn trnh nhng
n lc nh l, s dng cc bin php cng trnh v phi cng trnh nhm gim tnh d tn
thng i vi him ha thin nhin. D n c thit k gm 5 hp phn:
Hp phn 1: Tng cng th ch, h thng thng tin v lp k hoch qun l ri ro thin
tai (7 triu USD)
Mc tiu c th ca Hp phn 1 l tng cng nng lc th ch v k thut cc cp
trung ng v a phng v qun l ri ro thin tai (QRT) nhm t c hiu qu cao hn
trong vic chun b ng ph v gim thiu ri ro, t hn ch thit hi c th xy ra v
ngi v ti sn cng nh cc cn tr i vi hot ng kinh t. Cng tc tng cng nng
lc th ch s c thc hin ph hp vi cc u tin vch ra trong Chin lc quc gia v
Phng, Chng v Gim nh Thin tai n nm 2020 v K hoch hnh ng Quc gia v d
lut QRT - nhng ti liu ng vai tr nn tng cho phng php tip cn ca Chnh ph
trong cng tc QRT cng nh tm nhn th ch ca B NN&PTNT n nm 2020.
Hp phn ny s tp trung vo cc c ch th ch lin quan cc cp quc gia, cp
tnh v a phng, cng nh cp khu vc i vi cc dch v kh tng thy vn. Cc c
quan QRT 10 tnh min Trung Vit Nam (Thanh Ha, Ngh An, H Tnh, Qung Bnh,
Qung Tr, Nng, Qung Nam, Qung Ngi, Bnh nh v Ninh Thun) s nm trong
phm vi ca hp phn ny v c tp trung tip cn bng phng php lu vc sng.
Hp phn mt s bao gm ba tiu hp phn: (i) Tng cng nng lc cc c quan
QRT, (ii) Ci thin h thng thng tin QRT, v (iii) H tr tch hp QRT vo cng tc lp k
hoch Lu vc sng.
Trong tiu hp phn th nht, "Tng cng nng lc cc c quan QRT", d n s
cung cp h tr cn thit trin khai "Din n quc gia v Phng chng, ng ph, gim
nh ri ro thin tai v Thch ng vi bin i kh hu". Hot ng ny nhm mc ch h tr
cho cc cuc hp phi hp lin b, i thoi chnh sch v cc c ch chia s kin thc gia
cc b ngnh thuc chnh ph, cc i tc pht trin, cc c quan hc thut, cc t chc
NGO v khu vc t nhn. Mt trong nhng kt qu u ra ca hot ng ny l thit lp mt
cng thng tin in t trc tuyn nhm chia s kin thc v QRT v Thch ng vi bin i
nh gi mi trng

10
kh hu (TBK) cp quc gia. Tiu hp phn ny cng s nh gi li v cp nht cc m
QRT, cc tiu chun v s tay k thut ch yu phc v i ng cn b cp tnh. H tr k
thut s c cung cp cho nghin cu v tnh kh thi ca c ch cp vn cho cng tc QRT
dnh cho cc cng ng d b tn thng.
Tiu hp phn ny cng s h tr thnh lp 8 Trung tm Phng chng v Gim thiu
Ri ro Thin tai cp tnh (PDMC) ti cc tnh thuc d n (tr Qung Ngi v Nng c
cc trung tm ny). Hot ng ny s bao gm vic xy mi hoc ci to cc tin nghi vn
phng v cc thit b c bn. Trc khi thnh lp cc PDMC, mt nghin cu chi tit v hiu
qu hot ng ca cc trung tm hin c v vn phng thng trc ca Ban Phng chng Lt
bo (PCLB) s c tin hnh nhm tm kim m hnh hp l nht cho Trung tm. Cc kinh
nghim v bi hc rt ra t hot ng ca cc Trung tm hin ti v phng php tip cn
lu vc sng c p dng trong d n s c xem xt trong qu trnh thnh lp cc Trung
tm Phng chng v Gim nh Ri ro thin tai tm tnh d n.
Tiu hp phn ny s tng cng nng lc k thut v QRT cho cc c quan nh nc
cc cp. iu ny i hi cp nht bo co nh gi nhu cu o to tp hun ca cc c
quan cp trung ng v cp tnh tham gia cng tc QRT - c thc hin trong khun kh
D n QRT do WB ti tr, hin ang trong qu trnh trin khai, v chng trnh o to tip
theo nn bao qut tt c cc kha cnh ca cng tc QRT nh ri ro, nh gi tnh d b tn
thng, qu trnh chun b, tm kim cu nn v ng ph. Trung tm phng chng v gim
nh ri ro thin tai quc gia (DMC), c nhim v t chc tp hun v QRTC cho cn b cp
tnh v huyn, s c h tr k thut ci thin ni dung tp hun. Chuyn mn k thut
v QRTC s c tng cng cp tnh v cc cp thp hn theo phng php tip cn
"Tp hun cho ging vin ngun" (ToT), mt cng ty t vn a phng c kinh nghim s
c thu tin hnh cc bui tp hun. Trung tm DCM Quc gia s c trch nhim gim
st, cung cp hng dn k thut v theo di cc hot ng tp hun ny.
Chng trnh o to QRTC s tch hp cc hot ng pht trin nng lc hin nay
ang trin khai lin quan n cng tc Thch ng da vo Cng ng. Hot ng ny s lin
quan cht ch n Hp phn 3 (Qun l Ri ro Thin tai da vo Cng ng), v tp hun
ToT s c tin hnh c 10 tnh d n. Tp hun ToT s dnh cho i tng cn b cp
tnh, sau khi c tp hun, nhng cn b ny s tham gia cng cc chuyn gia khc t chc
cc hot ng tp hun tng t cho cc cn b c la chn ca cp huyn v x. Cc hot
ng tp hun QRTC d kin s c t chc ti tt c 28 huyn c la chn trong hp
phn 3.
Tiu hp phn th hai, Ci thin h thng thng tin QRT, s h tr pht trin c s
d liu QRT, cc cng c phn tch, v cc h thng thng tin an ton p/h cha. Vic
tng cng cc H thng C s d liu v Thng tin QRT bao gm cp nht v b sung cc
ch s nh cc mi him ha, tnh d b tn thng, cc ri ro, cc nhm sinh k, d liu v
thit hi, thng tin kinh t - x hi v cc can thip sau thin tai. Cc quy trnh thu thp thng
tin hin ti ca B NN&PTNT s c ci thin v kt ni vi cc h thng thng tin
xut. Thm vo , cc kt ni cng s c thit lp n c s d liu kinh t - x hi hin
nh gi mi trng

11
ti ca Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam (TCTK). Tnh tng tc ca cc c s d liu d kin
cng s c ci thin thng qua vic tng cng cc quy trnh cht vn v kim tra cht
lng. Hot ng ny s gip hi ha ha tt c cc c s d liu QRT hin c v gip cc
c quan tham gia cng tc QRT c tip cn vi cc thng tin ny.
Hin ti, cc c quan cp tnh cha c quyn truy cp c s d liu v cc p/h
cha quy m nh do B NN&PTNT qun l. C t nht ba cp qun l khc nhau i vi
cc h cha (cp tnh, huyn v x), v vic thiu s phi hp v trao i thng tin v
ang lm suy yu hot ng vn hnh cc h cha v phng chng thin tai. Qu trnh phi
hp v chia s thng tin c ci thin c th s thc y hiu qu qun l cc h cha v
bo v sinh mng cng nh ti sn sinh k ca ngi dn. D n s h tr thc hin: (i)
Lp danh sch lit k cc h cha quy m va v nh ang hot ng, cng cc tiu chun
an ton v quy trnh vn hnh ca mi h cha; (ii) pht trin mt chng trnh phn mm
c th p dng cp quc gia v cp tnh; (iii) xy dng cc hng dn vn hnh an
ton p/h cha va v nh ti 10 tnh, v (iv) mt chng trnh tp hun v cch s dng
c s d liu, phn mm v cc hng dn vn hnh an ton h cha va v nh dnh cho
cn b cp tnh v huyn.
Tiu hp phn th ba, H tr tch hp QRT vo cng tc Lp k hoch Lu vc
sng, s gip kt hp cng tc QRT vo cng tc qun l lu vc sng. C th, tiu hp
phn ny s h tr: (a) thu thp v phn tch cc thng tin ca cc lu vc v QRT (c bit
l cc trn l, hn hn v cc thin tai khc lu vc sng), (b) phn tch cc tc ng thay
i kh hu, (c) xc nh cc khu vc d b tn thng, v cc bin php cng trnh v phi
cng trnh c th thc hin gim thiu ri ro thin tai. Tiu hp phn ny s bao gm tt
c cc lu vc sng ti 10 tnh d n c h tr, v s c tin hnh theo hai giai on:
mt giai on nghin cu v giai on tin hnh lp d n lu vc sng.
Giai on nghin cu s nh gi cc vn QRT chnh ca cc lu vc sng (chng
hn nh mi trng xung cp, xi mn t, hn hn, l t, bi lng, qun l cht thi rn,
cht lng nc, tc ng ca l lt); cc tc ng bin i kh hu i vi cc lu vc sng
chnh; lp bn l kt hp vi bn hin ti v cc mi him ha v tnh d b tn thng
c lp trong d n QRT s dng cc b d liu mi; mt nghin cu v th ch; v lp
danh sch cc k hoch hin ti (v s dng t, cc k hoch QRT cp tnh, nng nghip,
giao thng vn ti). K hoch lu vc sng ny sau s c lp, bao gm c mt bn
phn vng ri ro theo lu vc v c s kt hp a ngnh, s dng H thng tin a l (GIS).
Hin ti, c 9 trong 10 tnh chun b k hoch QRT tng hp trong khun kh d
n QRT do Ngn hng ti tr. Cng lc, Chng trnh Mc tiu Quc gia v Thay i Kh
hu cng yu cu cc tnh chun b k hoch thch ng vi thay i kh hu. Do cc hot
ng trong khun kh QRT v TBK c s tng ng nht nh, v vic xc tin hai d n
tng t nhau c th gy thm phc tp cho chnh quyn cp tnh nn cn thit phi tch hp
cng tc TBK vo cc k hoch hnh ng QRT nhm gii quyt cc u tin ngn hn,
nhng cng lc vi tm nhn di hn. Hot ng ny s thc y mt k hoch hnh ng
chung cho c TBK v QRT ti ba tnh th im da trn cc bi hc v kinh nghim t cc
nh gi mi trng

12
hot ng lp k hoch QRT tng hp v thc y lng ghp cc u tin QRT/TBK vo cc
k hoch pht trin vng/tnh.
Cui cng, tiu hp phn ny s cung cp tp hun v cch s dng cc m hnh thy
hc v cc cng c GIS cho cc cn b cp tnh v s c lin kt cht ch vi Hp phn 2
ca d n. Hot ng ny s khuyn khch s dng cc d liu sn c v s dng t, cc
bn phn vng mc d b tn thng v ri ro t d n QRT kt hp vi cc hnh nh
v tinh chun b lp bn l cho tm lu vc sng (sng M, sng C, Vu Gia - Thu
Bn, Tr Khc - Tr Bng, sng Kn - H Thanh, Thch Hn, sng Gianh, sng Ci - Phan
Rang). Nhng bn l ny s ng gp vo vic chun b cc k hoch lu vc sng v cc
k hoch hnh ng chung i vi QRT v TBK m t trn. Cc chuyn gia k thut t
Chi cc Thy li v Phng chng lt bo thuc cc S NN&PTNT, Tng cc Thy li trc
thuc B NN&PTNT, v Khoa Thy vn ca Trng H Thy li s c tp hun v m
hnh ha v s dng cc bn v sinh v GIS.
Hp phn 2: Tng cng h thng d bo thi tit v cnh bo sm thin tai (30 triu USD).
Mc tiu c th ca Hp phn 2 l tng cng h thng d bo thi tit v cnh bo
sm thin tai tt c cc cp v ci thin cung cp cc sn phm v dch v cnh bo sm
ph hp vi tng a phng. Hp phn ny bao gm hai tiu hp phn: (i) Thit k v trin
khai h thng d bo kh tng thy vn v cnh bo sm cp quc gia; v (ii) Tng cng c
s h tng kh tng thy vn v cc h thng cnh bo sm ton trnh (End-to-End) v cc
dch v kh tng thy vn cp vng v cp tnh.
Tiu hp phn 2.1: H tr K thut xy dng v trin khai h thng Kh tng
thy vn tng hp Quc gia (5 triu USD). Tiu hp phn ny s cung cp h tr k thut
cho vic thit k mt h thng tng hp cp quc gia v cung cp hng dn chung v h tr
trin khai h thng. Vic ny s bao gm chun b cc k hoch trin khai kh tng thy vn
cho ton quc v khu vc min trung, thit k h thng truyn thng ton quc; nh ngha
cc Khi nim v Vn hnh, chng trnh phn mm v cc m hnh cng cc hng dn k
thut v c im ca cc cng c, kin trc my tnh; m bo tnh tng hp ca cc mng
li quan st v cung cp h tr cho vic xy dng v th nghim mt m hnh kinh doanh
Kh tng thy vn c tnh bn vng.
Tiu hp phn ny s bao gm h tr k thut cho vic bo dng v duy tr hot
ng ca phn cng v phn mm v cc h thng d bo thi tit v cnh bo sm theo cc
Khi nim v Vn hnh. Cng tc tng cng cp quc gia s m bo tch hp hiu qu hn
cc ci tin mi (h tng c s cho quan st kh tng thy vn, d bo v truyn thng) c
xut cho bn trung tm kh tng thy vn cp khu vc (bc trung b, trung trung b, nam
trung b v min nam) trong khun kh Tiu hp phn 2.2. Tiu hp phn ny s li ko s
hp lc v trnh chng cho t chng trnh u t xut ca B TN&MT s dng vn Nh
nc v cc chng trnh khc s dng vn ca cc nh ti tr nh Chng trnh ODA ca
giai on I v II, USAID, T chc Hp tc Quc t Nht Bn (JICA), y hi sng Mekong -
HYCOS...
nh gi mi trng

13
Tiu hp phn ny s h tr pht trin mt chin lc tp hun tng th v nng cao
nng lc k thut cp quc gia, cp khu vc v cp tnh nhm duy tr cc phn cng v phn
mm cn thit v s dng cc m hnh thi tit v thy vn nhm phn tch cc kt qu u ra
ca m hnh (phng php chi tit ha), chun b cc sn phm d bo v thng tin cnh bo
sm c cht lng. Cc chng trnh pht trin nng lc s bao gm tp hun v quan trc hn
hn, d bo nc dng do bo, d bo kh hu theo ma v cc dch v kh hu. Ci thin cc
m hnh d bo v cc phn mm khc bao gm m hnh D bo thi tit s tr (NWP) phi thy
tnh c phn gii cao, c s d liu a hnh v s dng t, m hnh d bo thi tit t hp
a quy m i vi d bo hn ngn, cc m hnh thy vn v thy lc i vi d bo l v cnh
bo l qut, tch hp d liu radar (sn c) vo cc m hnh thy lc v pht trin cc k thut
d bo nh lng ma da trn radar, hin th trc quan v h thng phn tch.
S tng tc vi ngi dng v chia s s liu v thng tin kh hu s c tng
cng thng qua vic thnh lp din n trin vng kh hu quc gia (lin kt vi Din n
quc gia c h tr trong Hp phn 1) v cc nn giao din ngi dng. Tiu hp phn ny
bao gm cc chuyn tham quan hc tp kinh nghim v tp hun cm tay ch vic cho cc cn
b qun l.
Tiu hp phn 2.2. Tng cng c s h tng kh tng thy vn v cc h thng
cnh bo sm ton trnh (EWS) v cc dch v kh tng thy vn (25 triu USD). Tiu hp
phn ny s h tr thnh lp cc h thng cnh bo sm i vi nhiu loi ri ro khc nhau, bao
gm vic lp t cc mng li quan st v cc h thng truyn thng kh tng thy vn t
ng thng qua cung cp thit b v tp hun. Tiu hp phn ny cng s ci thin lin kt gia
cc dch v cp tnh v cng ng, tng cng cc h thng cnh bo sm ton trnh.
Cc u tin chnh cn gii quyt gm c: (i) hin i ha c s h tng theo di v
truyn ti d liu; (ii) tng cng c s h tng h thng d bo v cnh bo sm; v (iii) ci
thin cc sn phm v dch v kh tng thy vn v thng tin lin lc gia cc c quan cung
cp dch v v ngi dng, bao gm cc c quan cp tnh, huyn v a phng v cng
ng. Vic lp t h thng my tnh, m hnh (d bo thi tit v l lt) v cc cng c phn
tch d bo nh bn GIS nhm cung cp cc d bo theo a bn c th trong khong thi
gian rt ngn cng s c a vo tiu hp phn ny. Tp hun cho ngi s dng v phn
tch cc sn phm cnh bo sm s c t chc cho cn b cc s, cn b cp huyn v cc
cng ng h tr qu trnh ra quyt nh. Bn trung tm Kh tng thy vn cp vng
(min nam, bc trung b, trung trung b v nam trung b) bao qut khu vc min trung s
c a vo tiu hp phn ny. TDA ny s c trin khai theo hai giai on nh sau: (a)
Giai on 1 (khu vc min nam) hon thin cc hot ng do D n QRT khi xng, v
(b) Giai on 2 (cp quc gia v khu vc min trung). 1
Cc hng mc u t ch yu bao gm hin i ha v nng cp cc trm kh tng
hin ti thnh cc trm thi tit t ng, nng cp ln thnh cc h thng trm o ma t ng

1
u tin (i) v hin i ha c s h tng theo di v truyn ti d liu s khng c a vo i vi khu
vc trung trung b do c thc hin trong H tr ODA i vi Trung tm Kh tng thy vn ca khu vc
ny.
nh gi mi trng

14
SMS, cc trm o mc nc v lng ma t ng, cc thit b o tng hp lu lng nc,
lng cn l lng, mc nc v lng ma, v tu o lu lng v tc dng chy. Cc
hng mc u t cp quc gia bao gm nng cp h tng c s Cng ngh Thng tin - Truyn
thng v cc cm My tnh hiu nng cao (HPC). Tiu hp phn ny cng bao gm nng cp
h thng thng tin lin lc nhm kt ni cc trung tm cp tnh v cp vng vi trung tm
quc gia v thit lp mt mng LAN v cc mng truyn thng khc ti ba trung tm cp
vng, cng vi cc h thng sao lu d liu d phng m bo hn. Tnh trng ca cc h
cha ln v quan trng theo thi gian thc cng s c a vo mng thng tin LAN nhm
pht trin cc dch v d bo l. Vic nng cp cc thit b v mng li s c phi hp
cht ch vi cc hot ng ODA trnh tnh trng chng cho c th xy ra.
H thng ton trnh (End-to-End) bao gm ci thin sn phm v dch v cng nh
qu trnh thng tin lin lc gia cc nh cung cp dch v kh tng thy vn v ngi s
dng dch v, bao gm cc c quan cp tnh, huyn, a phng v cc cng ng. Cc cng
c phn tch d bo nh bn GIS nhm cung cp cc d bo theo a bn c th trong
khong thi gian rt ngn cng s c a vo tiu hp phn ny. Mt chui cc sn phm
da trn nhu cu ngi dng trong cc lnh vc nh nng nghip, du lch, nng lng, vn ti
v qun l thy li s c pht trin. Tp hun cho ngi s dng v phn tch cc sn phm
cnh bo sm s c t chc cho cn b cc s, cn b cp huyn v cc cng ng h
tr qu trnh ra quyt nh.
i vi trung tm kh tng thy vn khu vc min Nam: Tiu hp phn ny s bao
gm h tr nng cp cc cng c quan trc kh tng v thy vn cc sng chnh ca h thng
sng Mekong, gm thit k v thit lp mng li thy vn t ng v thit lp cc quy trnh
vn hnh. Qu trnh t ng ha s bao gm cc trm thi tit t ng, cc thit b o lng lu
lng dng chy sng, o lng cn l lng, my o su bng m thanh, thit b ghi chp
mc nc t ng v cc ct o mc nc l, v kim tra v nh gi mc nguy him/bo ng
l. Cc chng trnh tp hun lin quan n m hnh ha thi tit v l lt c a vo tiu
hp phn 2.1. Tiu hp phn ny cng s gp phn hon thin xy dng cc vn phng tr s
cho cc trung tm cp tnh v cc h thng cnh bo sm khc. Cc hot ng tp hun v pht
trin nng lc bao gm vn hnh v bo dng cc trm thi tit t ng, bo dng cc thit
b o mc nc v lng ma, thit b o lu lng dng chy v su.
Hp phn 3: Qun l thin tai da vo cng ng ( 22 triu USD).
Hp phn ny s da trn cc kinh nghim th im thnh cng trong cng tc phng
chng thin tai da vo cng ng, bao gm lp k hoch cp x an ton hn v thc v
QRT, t d n QRT hin ti do Ngn hng ti tr. Tiu hp phn ny cng s a ra cc c
im mi v thit k, bao gm cc tip cn lu vc sng, tip cn theo cm, H thng Thng
tin qun l (MIS) tng tc trong cc x s bo co bng in thoi di ng v c s hp
tc gia chnh quyn x v khu vc t nhn.
Mc tiu ca hp phn ny l h tr trin khai Chin lc quc gia v QRTC (Quyt
nh 1002/QD-TTg). Kt qu ca hp phn ny l khong 100 x s c chun b tt hn
ng ph vi cc s kin thin tai.
nh gi mi trng

15
Vic la chn cc x s c tin hnh s dng mt phng php tip cn phn cm -
phng php ny s m bo cc x c chn l nhng x c hng li t cc hng mc
u t h tng c s quy m ln trong Hp phn 4. S kt hp ny, theo phng php tip
cn lu vc sng, s ti a ha v duy tr tt hn cc tc ng ca cc hot ng u t QLT
quy m ln, cng nh s tham gia ca cp x. Trong khun kh Giai on 1 ca cc hot
ng u t QRT, 20 x c xc nh nhn h tr (xem Bng 1). Vic xc nh cc x
cn li s c tin hnh sau giai on khi ng d n. Mc tiu nu trn s c thc hin
thng qua hai tiu hp phn sau: (i) Tng cng nng lc th ch cp x v (ii) u t QRTC.
Bng 1. Danh sch cc x c xut nhn h tr t cc hot ng QRTC giai on 1
Stt Tnh Huyn X Lu vc sng
1 Thanh Ha Yn nh Yn Thnh Sng M
2 inh Ha Sng M
3 nh Thnh Sng M
4 nh Cng Sng M
5 nh Bnh Sng M
6 nh Tng Sng M
7 Yn Tm Sng M
8 Yn Giang Sng M
9 Thiu Ha Thiu Thnh Sng M
10 Th Xun Xun Vinh Sng M
11 H Tnh Cm Xuyn Cm Phc Sng Rc
12
Cm Long/th
trn Thin
Cm
Sng Rc
13 Cm Nhng Sng Rc
14 Cm Thnh Sng Rc
15 Qung Nam Duy Xuyn Duy Ph Sng Thu Bn
16 Duy Thu Sng Thu Bn
17 Duy Tn Sng Thu Bn
18 Duy Ha Sng Thu Bn
19 Bnh nh Tuy Phc Phc Ha Sng Kn
20 Phc Hip Sng Kn
21 Phc Quang Sng Kn
22 Phc Lc Sng Kn
23 Phc Thun Sng H Thanh
24 An Nhn Nhn An Sng Kn
25 Nhn Phong Sng Kn
26 Nhn Hu Sng Kn
27 Nhn Khnh Sng H Thanh
28 Nhn Hng Sng H Thanh
Tng cng Nng lc th ch cp x (2 triu USD) Tiu hp phn ny nhm mc ch
xy dng nng lc cho cc bn hu quan v c quan tham gia cp x trong vic lp k hoch
v tham gia vo mt chui cc hot ng gim thiu ri ro rng ln, bao gm cc hot ng
trc, trong v sau thin tai. Bnh ng gii v lng ghp gii s c m bo xuyn sut
nh gi mi trng

16
cc hot ng xy dng nng lc ny, cng nh trng tm hng vo cc nhm d b tn
thng. Cc hot ng chnh bao gm:
Tng cng quy trnh qun l ri ro lt bo cp x. Hot ng ny s gip cc c quan
cp x lp k hoch qun l ri ro lt bo cp x hng nm.

K hoch ny s ci thin
h thng cnh bo sm v h tr Ban PCLB x v cc c quan i tc hiu c trch
nhim ca mnh trong cc hot ng trc v sau thin tai.
2

Tp hun cho cc cn b lnh o ca cc c quan cp x. D n s tp hun nng
cao nng lc cho cc Ban PCLB, cn b QRTC cng nh cc bn hu quan v cc c
quan cp x khc (xem chi tit ti Ph lc 1)
Xy dng cc Din n h tr lin x. Hot ng ny s xy dng mt din n h tr
lin tnh ni lnh o cc Ban PCLB v cc c quan t chc cp x thc hin cc
chuyn thm trao i nhm lp k hoch phi hp thc hin cc hot ng trc v sau
thin tai, bao gm cc hot ng s tn chung, dn dp sau thin tai v cc hot ng
vin tr.
Lp k hoch Phc hi sau thin tai cho Cng ng Mi x tham gia s: (i) xc nh
mc d b tn thng ca mnh thng qua nh gi ri ro c s tham gia; (ii) lp v
cp nht cc k hoch PCLB cp x hng nm da trn nh gi ri ro; v (iii) tch hp
cc k hoch PCLB ny vo cc k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca x.
Hp tc gia chnh quyn x - khu vc t nhn. D n hng ti xy dng mi quan
h cng tc doanh nghip - cng ng nhm tng cng kh nng hi phc ca x sau
thin tai v t h tr cc mc tiu pht trin ca Chnh ph trong khun kh
Chng trnh Quc gia v QRTC v Chng trnh Quc gia v Pht trin Nng Thn
mi, c hai Chng trnh ny u nu bt s tham gia ca khu vc t nhn vi vai tr
l mt yu t khng th thiu i vi vic trin khai thnh cng Chng trnh.
Cc hng mc u t QRTC (18 triu USD) Tiu hp phn ny s ti tr cho cc
hot ng QRTC c xc nh trong cc K hoch PCLB cp x hng nm c cp
nht. Cc bin php gim nh ri ro s bao gm cc bin php cng trnh v phi cng trnh
c xc nh thng qua nh gi tnh d b tn thng v Nng lc (VCA) v k hoch
hng nm v PCLB cp x, v da trn nhu cu ca cc cng ng a phng, trong c
i din ca cc nhm d b tn thng nht trn a bn x.
Cc bin php phi cng trnh Cc hot ng s bao gm din tp s tn, nng cao nhn
thc cng ng, cc h thng thng tin truyn thng/cnh bo sm, cung cp cc thit b
nh nh tu thuyn c nh, bm, v cc b dng c s cu. Sau cc hot ng l cc hi
tho c s tham gia nhm nh gi kt qu v ghi li cc bi hc kinh nghim vo k
hoch hng nm v PCLB cp x.

2
Hot ng ny s da trn cc ti liu hng dn sn c, v d nh S tay PCLB, bn phng chm ti
ch v Hng dn ng ph khn cp v phc hi sm ca Trung tm PCLB.
nh gi mi trng

17
Cc bin php cng trnh: D n s h tr cc x c la chn trong vic xy dng
cc bin php cng trnh quy m nh nhm ng ph thin tai, bao gm cc nh cng
ng phng trnh thin tai, cu ng s tn, phc hi b sng, h lng, cng nh ti
trng rng v cc cng trnh khc do cc x xc nh. D n cng s cung cp h tr
trong vic lp k hoch v thit k i vi cc bin php phng chng thin tai ni trn,
v lp k hoch qun l, vn hnh v bo dng mi cng trnh sau khi xy dng.
UBND x s chu trch nhim gim st v bo co tin v cht lng xy dng, cng
nh xy dng v trin khai cc hng dn v vn hnh v bo dng.
Gim st v nh gi K hoch hng nm v PCLB cp x L mt phn trong
Khung GS&G ton d n, d n s thit lp mt h thng gim st QRTC va c s tham
gia va s dng mt h thng Thng tin qun l trn nn tng web cp quc gia v cc cp
thp hn. H thng ny s ghi li qu trnh thc hin ca mi x gn nh trong thi gian
thc. Cc thng tin chnh v tnh trng trin khai d n s c sn i vi nhng ngi dng
c thm quyn truy cp ti cp quc gia v cp tnh.
Hp phn 4: u t gim thiu ri ro thin tai cho cc TDA u tin (104.7 triu USD).
Mt phng php tip cn lu vc sng s c s dng xc nh v sp xp cc
hng mc QRT (TDA) theo th t u tin trong phm v bn lu vc sng min Trung. Cc
bin php cng trnh s gim thiu ri ro do bo, l, l t v hn hn, bao gm /k sng v
bin, cng an ton, cu ng cu nn v h cha. Chin lc ca Chnh ph i vi cc h
cha trong mc tiu QRT s ch yu tp trng vo vic khi phc cc p v h cha hin
tiv ci thin an ton p/h cha. Vic khi phc s bao gm cc bin php nh h thp
v/hoc m rng cc cu trn hin ti, p b sung cng ln cht hn p chnh v cc cng
trnh ph, chng mi mt, pht va gia c, lp t thit b quan trc an ton, v.v...
Da trn k hoch QRT tng hp xy dng trong D n QRT ang trin khai vi
s ti tr ca NHTG ti tt c 12 tnh s dng cng ngh m hnh thy lc th im ti ba tnh
Thanh Ha, Qung Tr v Qung Nam. Cc k hoch ny cung cp mt s hng mc u t
c s h tng u tin trong bi cnh QRT v TBK phc v cc li ch di hn. Cc k hoch
ny c xem xt v ph duyt bi B NN&PTNT v c chnh quyn tnh ph duyt.
Cc bi hc kinh nghim t d n QRT hin ang trin khai vi s ti tr ca NHTG
cho thy mt hng mc u t c gi tr khong 12 triu USD c tc dng bo v 12 x vi dn
s 64.000 ngi v 5271 hecta t. Mt hng mc u t an ton p vi ngn sch 6 triu
USD c tc dng bo v 8 x vng h lu vi s dn 80.960 ngi v khong 4500 hecta t
nng nghip. Tng t, mt s vn tr gi 2,5 triu USD xy dng mt cng an ton ti mt
trong cc tnh Duyn hi min Trung gip bo v 1500 tu nh c nh s tn trong ma bo
l nm ngoi v nm nay. iu ny chng t cc hng mc u t c s h tng u tin c vai
tr quyt nh trong vic bo v cc ti sn sinh k v kinh t ca ngi dn a phng sinh
sng ti cc khu vc thng xuyn b nh hng bi thin tai. iu ny cng c xc nhn
trong Chin lc ca Chnh ph v Phng chng v Gim nh ri ro thin tai.
Cc hng mc u t Giai on 1: Cc hng mc ny s bao gm cc cng trnh u
tin cao ghi r trong cc k hoch QRT tng hp c ph duyt, v l cc cng trnh
nh gi mi trng

18
c chun b sm nht v mt k thut, kinh t/ti chnh v cc kha cnh an ton x hi. Ti
a hai "Tiu d n" nh vy s c trin khai ti mi tnh trong thi gian hai nm u ca d
n, ty thuc vo mc chun b sn sng ca cc TDA. u tin ln hn s dnh cho cc
TDA c tch hp phng php tip cn lu vc sng v c cc hng mc u t b sung di
khun kh cc hp phn khc tp trung quanh khu vc . Sau TDA c xc nhn sn
sng a vo Giai on 1, tri rng phm vi 5 tnh, bao gm bn TDA nng cp k, mt
TDA nng cp cu v ng cu h cu nn, v mt TDA nng cp h cha. C th:
(i) 42km thuc mt nhnh sng thuc lu vc sng M trn a bn tnh Thanh Ha
(ii) 7km k bo v sng v 3km ng cu h cu nn v 100m cu thuc lu vc sng
C, tnh Ngh An (2 TDA)
(iii)Nng cp 11,5km Phc-Long-Nhng thuc tnh H Tnh, chun b bi d n QRT
hin ti.
(iv) Nng cp an ton p ti lu vc sng Vu Gia - Thu Bn, tnh Qung Nam.
(v) 4km k sng chng xi mn thuc lu vc sng Kn tnh Bnh nh.
Cc hng mc u t Giai on 2: Cc hng mc ny s bao gm cc cng trnh u tin cao
khc i hi cng tc chun b chi tit hn sau khi d n khi ng, v cng vi cc hng mc
Giai on 1 c chi ph thp hn mc chi ph trn nu trn. Cc tnh s thc hin cng tc thit k
chi tit v k thut, x hi, mi trng v kinh t trong thi gian nm th 1 v 2 v np ln B
NN&PTNT xin ph duyt v np ln NHTG xin kin "khng phn i" trin khai cc
hng mc ny vo cc nm th 3, 4 v 5. 28 TDA khc c a vo danh sch ngn u t
trong Giai on 2, bao gm 11 TDA ci to k v p trn, 3 TDA cu/ng, 2 TDA cng tr
bo v 9 TDA h cha. Cc cng trnh cng s bao gm mt s hot ng no vt ct bin, xy
dng cc cng trnh chn sng, h thng phao v neo u cho cc tu nh c tr bo. Cc
cng trnh h cha ch yu s bao gm cc cng vic ci to nh cp trn. Chi tit cc
hng mc u t Giai on 2 do cc tnh xut c trnh by ti Ph lc 2.
Hp phn 5: H tr thc hin v qun l d n (3,8 triu USD)
Mc tiu ca Hp phn ny l m bo cng tc phi hp, ti chnh v mua sm d n
c thc hin mt cch hiu qu, cng nh m bo cng tc bo co v c rt kinh
nghim c din ra kp thi. Hp phn ny cung cp h tr ti chnh cho cc c quan thc
hin thuc B NN&PTNT v B TN&MT chu trch nhim phi hp, qun l ti chnh v
mua sm ca d n, cng nh m bo s tun th i vi cc chnh sch an ton v tn dng
lin quan. Hp phn ny s cung cp chi ph iu hnh gia tng cho cc c quan thc hin
tt c cc cp trong vic qun l thc hin d n.
Cng tc tng cng nng lc thc hin ca c cp quc gia v cp tnh s bao gm ci to
vn phng, cung cp tin nghi thit b v phng tin i li, gim st c lp i vi s tun th
cc chnh sch tn dng v an ton, kim ton v kim sot ni b, cc chi ph iu hnh, v tp
hun nng cao nng lc. Hp phn ny cng s h tr thit lp mt h thng GS&G hiu qu
dnh cho d n ni ring v c th p dng c i vi lnh vc QRT ni chung, bao gm cng
nh gi mi trng

19
tc theo di thc hin Chin lc quc gia v QRT. H thng s gim st hiu qu thc hin ca
cc i tc d n cp trung ng v a phng cng nh vic t c cc sn phm ca d n
vch ra trong Khung kt qu v thit k GS&G chi tit. Mt nh gi c lp ban u v
cui cng cng s c ti tr trong hp phn ny.
Thit k chi tit i vi h thng GS&G s c chun b vi s h tr k thut ca
cc chuyn gia quc t trong vng su thng u trin khai d n. Ti tr s c cung cp
cho mt nh gi c lp ban u tin hnh trong khong thi gian gia qu trnh thm nh
hiu qu d n v nh gi cui cng thc hin vo nm th 5. Chi ph d kin bao gm
ng gp t pha Chnh ph, chng hn nh nhn vin, vn phng, v cc tin nghi c cp
trung ng v cp tnh.
2.2. Vng d n v cc hot ng chnh
2.2.1. Vng d n
Vng d n bao gm 10 tnh min Trung Vit Nam, tp trung ch yu vo mt s lu vc
sng ln, l vng nh hng thin tai nghim trng nht Vit Nam, gm cc lu vc sng: M; C;
Vu Gia Thu Bn; Tr Khc Tr Bng, tri rng cc tnh Thanh Ha, Ngh An, H Tnh, Nng,
Qung Nam, Qung Ngi. Bn cnh ,
cn c lu vc sng Giang, Nht L,
Thch Hn, Kone, v sng Dinh thuc cc
tnh Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Bnh nh
v Ninh Thun cng c xut tham
gia d n. Bn 10 tnh vng d n c
th hin trn Hnh 2.1.
2.2.2. Cc hot ng ca hp phn 1,
2, 3
Hu ht cc hot ng ca hp
phn 1, 2 s lin quan n h tr k
thut v nng cao nng lc vi mc
ch tng cng kh nng lp k hoch
v d bo ri ro thin tai cp Trung
ng v a phng. Ngoi ra, cc hp
phn ny c lin quan n vic mua
sm thit b, nng cp vn phng v
xy dng mt s trm o c kh tng
thy vn.
Cc hot ng thuc HP 3 nhm
thc hin Chng trnh qun l ri ro
thin tai da vo cng ng (QRTC).
Cc hot ng ca hp phn ny trin
khai trn 10 tnh, bao gm cc hot
ng nh: H tr thnh lp v hot
Hnh 2.1
22.1
nh gi mi trng

20
ng ca cc Trung tm Phng chng v gim thiu ri ro thin tai cp tnh, cp huyn, cp x;
Cc hot ng v tp hun, o to, truyn thng, nng cao nhn thc v tng cng nng lc
phng trnh thin tai cho cng ng cho cc x la chn thuc cc tnh; Xy dng, nng cp
cc Trung tm phng chng v gim thiu ri ro, xy dng nh kho, xy dng nh cng ng
phng trnh thin tai Cc hot ng ca hp phn 3 c trnh by trong Bng 2.1.
Bng 2.1: Danh mc cc hot ng xy dng thuc hp phn 3
TT Cc hot ng
HP 3.1 Tng cng nng lc thc hin QRTC cp x
A K hoch ng ph cng ng
1 Chun b v nh gi ri ro cng ng
2 Ci tin K hoch phng chng lt bo hng nm ca x
3 Lng ghp phng chng lt bo hng nm vo k hoch pht trin KTXH ca a phng
4 K hoch ng ph cng ng
B Nng cao nng lc v th ch cp x
1 Pht trin k nng cho cn b QRTC
2 QRTC, nh gi ri ro v k hoch an ton lng x
3 Thm quan, chia s kinh nghim
4 o to v qun l v gim st
5 Phi hp thc hin phng chng lt bo gia cc x
6 Cc hot ng sau o to cho UBND x v/ hoc cn b QRTC v cp chng ch
HP 3.2 u t bin php phi cng trnh cho CBDRM
C u t bin php phi cng trnh cho CBDRM
1 Hot ng nng cao k nng cng ng phng chng v gim nh thin tai
2 Pht trin ti liu k thut (phc v CBDRM v phng chng lt bo ca x )
3 Hot ng nng cao nhn thc cng ng
4 Hot ng nng cao nhn thc v k nng v QRTC trong nh trng
5 Pht trin h thng loa truyn thanh v thit b truyn tin h tr cng tc PCLB
6 Hng dn v thit k xy dng nh an ton
7
o to cho nhm cc t chc x hi- tnh nguyn vin, xung kch cng ng (s cu, cu
h, cu nn, s dng cc thit b cu h, cu nn)
8
H tr thit b cho ng ph khn cp (thuyn b, o phao, ng phc i cu tr, my pht
in, thuc,)
D u t bin php cng trnh cho CBDRM
1 Xy dng cng trnh quy m nh phc v CBDRM (nh trnh tr a chc nng v ng di dn,)

2.2.3. Cc tiu d n thuc HP4
Cc tiu d n (TDA) thuc HP4 l cc bin php cng trnh c xut trong K
hoch thc hin Chin lc Quc gia phng nga, ng ph v Gim thiu Ri ro Thin
tai n nm 2020, cc TDA c la chn theo cc tiu ch la chn c ph duyt v
c thc hin thnh cng. Cc tiu ch la chn bao gm: (i) TDA ph hp vi Chin
lc quc gia th 2 v K hoch hnh ng v Qun l v gim nh thin tai Vit Nam giai
on 2010 2020; (ii) TDA thuc chin lc/k hoch qun l ri ro thin tai; (iii) TDA
chng minh r cc li ch t qun l ri ro thin tai; (iv) TDA cha c ti tr theo cc
nh gi mi trng

21
chng trnh ca Chnh ph v nh ti tr. Cc TDA u t qun l ri ro thin tai c thc
hin lng ghp vi k hoch pht trin kinh t x hi v qun l ri ro thin tai tng hp cp
tnh. Tng cng c 34 TDA c la chn a vo danh mc cc TDA xut trong HP 4,
d n WB5 (Ph lc 1). Tng hp s lng cc TDA do cc tnh xut c trnh by trong
Bng 2.2 v phn loi theo lu vc sng c trnh by trong Bng 2.3.
Bng 2.2. Tng hp s lng cc cng trnh do tnh xut cho hp phn 4
Tnh
Thanh
Ha
Ngh
An
H
Tnh
Qung
Bnh
Qung
Tr

Nng
Qung
Nam
Qung
Ngi
Bnh
nh
Ninh
Thun
Tng
s
S
lng
1 9 2 1 6 4 6 2 2 1 34
Bng 2.3. Tng hp s lng cc TDA xut cho hp phn 4 theo lu vc sng
Lu vc
sng
Cu
Chy
C
Nht
L
H
Vng-
Rc
Gianh
Thch
Hn
Vu
Gia-
Thu
Bn
V Kone Dinh
Tng
cng
S lng 1 9 1 1 1 6 10 2 2 1 34
Cc TDA hp phn 4 c chia nhm theo ni dung u t v cc hng mc xy
dng chnh, bao gm cc nhm: (1) Nhm TDA nng cp, tu sa , k; (2) Nhm TDA
nng cp, gia c p, cng trnh u mi, h cha; (3) Nhm TDA nng cp, xy dng mi
ng cu h, cu nn; (4) Nhm TDA ca sng, bao gm no vt ca sng v nng cp
cng/khu neo u trnh tr bo. Tng hp s lng loi hnh cc cng trnh cn u t v
ni dung u t xy dng ch yu ca cc TDA thuc HP4 theo cc nhm c th hin
trong Bng 2.3. Su TDA c ngh thc hin nm u c trnh by trong Bng 2.4. V
tr cc TDA c th hin trong cc bn lu vc sng Ph lc 1.
nh gi mi trng

22
Bng 2.4. Ni dung u t xy dng ch yu ca cc TDA thuc HP4 theo cc nhm
Nhm TDA S
lng
Cc hng mc xy dng
(1) Nhm tiu d
n nng cp, tu
sa k
14 Cc TDA : p t tn cao, m rng mt ct; Gia c nh
(kt hp lm ng giao thng); Lm tng chn sng trn
nh ; K bo v mi ; Xy dng cc cng di ; Xy
dng cc nh qun l, phng chng lt bo trn ; Xy dng
cc tuyn ng ngang phc v cng tc cu h, cu nn;
Xy dng trm bm tiu ra sng;
Cc TDA k: Gia c b sng ch yu bng k mi (kt cu
hc hoc r xp trong cc h khung ging b tng ct
thp (p hoc o t to mi thit k ri mi gia c); Lm
tng chn sng trn nh k bng b tng ct thp; Lm
ng qun l vn hnh, kt hp giao thng trn nh k;
Xy dng cc cng tiu thot nc ra sng.
Nhm tiu d n
nng cp ng
cu h, cu nn
5 p t m rng mt ct ngang ng hin trng; Cng ha
mt ng m bo cng tc cu h; Xy dng cc cng
qua ng; Xy dng cu giao thng kt hp trn;
Nhm tiu d n
nng cp h cha
12 p t tn cao, m rng mt ct ngang p t; Gia c mt
p (kt hp ng giao thng, qun l vn hnh h cha);
Xy tng chn sng trn nh p; Gia c mi thng lu,
trng c mi h lu; B sung hoc sa cha cc thit b tiu
thot nc; Lm mi hoc sa cha, nng cp trn x l;
Lm mi hoc sa cha, nng cp cng ly nc; Xy dng
nh qun l u mi; Xy dng mi ng qun l, vn
hnh; Sa cha, nng cp knh ti;
Nhm ny bao gm c TDA Ci to, nng kh nng thot l
p dng An Trch
Nhm tiu d
cng trnh ca
sng (no vt ca
sng, nng cp
cng / khu neo u
trnh tr bo)
3 p t m rng mt ct ngang ng hin trng; Cng ha
mt ng m bo cng tc cu h; Xy dng cc cng
qua ng; Xy dng cu giao thng kt hp trn.
Tng cng 34

nh gi mi trng

23
Bng 2.5: Danh mc cc TDA xut thc hin nm u (5 tnh, 5 lu vc sng)
TT Tn tiu d n LVS/Tnh Ni dung u t
1
Tu b, nng cp v x l cc
im trng yu t sng Cu
Chy (on t K0-K42).
Sng
M/Thanh
Ha
Nng cp tuyn di 42km, k
chng st l cc v tr xung yu; Sa
cha, nng cp v lm mi cc cng
trnh trn tuyn; Xy dng cc tuyn
ng ngang cu h, cu nn.
2
Cu kt hp trn ni ng cu
h ca nn x Nghi Thi huyn
Nghi Lc v x Hng Ha thnh
ph Vinh
Sng C
65m cu kt hp trn v 1km ng
v 1 cng thot nc vi B=7,5m
3
Nng cp tuyn Lng Yn
Khai, Thanh Chng
Sng C
Tn cao, m rng, cng ha mt
2,87km
4
- -
, huyn Cm Xuyn
Sng Ro
Ci Sng
Rc
8,974km
5
Sa cha nng cp h cha
nc Thch Bn, huyn Duy
Xuyn
Sng Thu
Bn
Sa cha, nng cp p chnh, trn,
ca ly nc, nh v ng qun l
6
Nng cp k chng xi l b
sng Kone m bo an ton,
huyn An Nhn v Tuy Phc
Sng
Kone
Gm 1.2 km k Thng Cng, x
Nhn Phc, 1,5km k song Ngho x
Nhn Hu, 1.8km k on Tm Dn
Tn Dng x Nhn An; 1.3 km k
on h lu cu B Di x Phc Lc
nh gi mi trng

24
CHNG 3. KHUNG PHP L, CHNH SCH V TH CH

Phn ny trnh by rt tm tt cc chnh sch an ton ca WB cng nh cc chnh
sch, th ch, php lut ca Vit Nam v qun l mi trng v thin tai. Chi tit ca phn
ny c trnh by trong Ph lc 2
2.1. Chnh sch an ton ca Ngn hng Th gii
Cc quy nh v bo v mi trng ca WB c a ra di dng cc chnh sch tc
nghip (OPs), bao gm 10 chnh sch. Di dy l bng tm tt cc chnh sch ca WB c
lin quan n d n:
Bng 3.1. Cc chnh sch an ton mi trng ca WB lin quan n d n
Chnh sch Mc tiu
OP/BP 4.01
nh gi mi
trng
m bo cc d n u t c tnh bn vng v m bo v mt mi
trng - x hi.
Cung cp cho nhng ngi ra quyt nh cc thng tin v cc tc ng
mi trng - x hi tim n lin quan n d n.
Tng cng tnh minh bch v s tham gia ca cc cng ng b nh
hng trong qu trnh ra quyt nh.
OP/BP 4.11
Ti sn vn
ha vt th
Chnh sch ny nhm mc ch ngn nga hoc gim thiu cc tc ng
tiu cc i vi cc ti sn vn ha ng vai tr quan trng, l ngun
thng tin lch s v khoa hc qu gi, l ngun ti sn cho pht trin kinh
t x hi, v l mt phn khng th thiu trong bn sc v tp qun vn
ha dn tc, bao gm m m v cc khu ngha a. Chnh sch ny cung
cp cc hng dn nhm m bo: (a) Cc ti sn vn ha vt th c
nhn din v c bo v trong d n, v (b) Cc quy nh php lut
trong nc v Bo v Ti sn Vn ha Vt th phi c tun th mt
cch y .
OP/BP 4.10
Ngi bn
a/Dn tc
thiu s
Nhm m bo cho ngi bn a (hoc cc dn tc thiu s): (a) Nhn
c s tn trng mt cch y v phm gi, quyn con ngi, v
bn sc vn ha; (b) Khng b nh hng bi cc tc ng xu trong
qu trnh pht trin; (c) c hng cc li ch kinh t - x hi ph hp
v mt vn ha; v (d) c hng li thng qua cc qu trnh tham
vn v tham gia.
OP/BP 4.12
Ti nh c
bt buc

Nhm m bo cc chnh sch sau s c p dng: (a) Trnh hoc gim
thiu ti nh c bt buc v nhng nh hng ti hot ng kinh t,
trong c vic mt ngun sinh k.; (b) Cung cp cc th tc n b
minh bch trong qu trnh thu hi bt buc t v cc ti sn khc; (c)
Cung cp y cc ngun lc u t to c hi cho nhng ngi dn
ti nh c c hng li ch t d n (thc hin thng qua K hoch
Hnh ng Ti nh c); (d) Khi phc v ci thin mc sng ca nhng
ngi b nh hng bi d n; v (e) Thc hin n b mt cch y ,
nhanh chng v hiu qu mc gi thay th i vi cc ti sn b mt
mt trc tip do d n. Vic lp k hoch Ti nh c v cc bin php
gim thiu phi c thc hin trn c s c s tham vn vi cc cng
ng b nh hng v bng cc phng php tip cn c s tham gia.
OP/BP 4.37 Nhm m bo cc vn an ton p c quan tm mt cch y ,
nh gi mi trng

25
An ton p c bit i vi cc cng trnh p cao v/hoc ri ro cao; Chnh sch
ny p dng i vi cc con p xy mi, p hin c v/hoc ang c
xy dng lin quan n cc c s h tng s c WB ti tr.
OP/BP 7.50
Cc d n
nm trn
ng thy
Quc t
Nhm m bo cc d n s khng nh hng n vic s dng hiu qu
v bo v cc ng thy quc t, cng nh khng nh hng ti mi
quan h gia Ngn hng vi bn vay vn v gia cc nc c chung
ng thy .
Tun th theo ng cc chnh sch an ton ca Ngn hng Th gii, cc ti liu an
ton sau y c chun b cho d n:
- nh gi Mi trng (M) tng th ca d n, bao gm cc K hoch qun l mi
trng (KQM) ca cc TDA nm u, v c th c cc TDA cc nm tip theo. Mt
nh gi x hi cng c tin hnh cho D n.
- Khung Qun l Mi trng v X hi (KQMX) cho cc TDA giai on 2, bao gm
mt b Nguyn tc Mi trng Thc tin (ECOP) theo tiu chun p dng cho cc
cng trnh s c trin khai xy dng trong Hp phn 4, cc hot ng lin quan n
an ton p v cc TDA lin quan n no vt v nng cp cng c, v mt b ECOP
n gin p dng cho cc hot ng thuc Hp phn 2 v 3 c lin quan n xy dng
cng trnh. KQMX c chun b ring thnh mt vn bn c lp.
- Khung Chnh sch An ton p (KCA) nu ln cc yu cu v chnh sch nhm m
bo an ton p c khi phc v/hoc nng cp, bao gm mt hng dn k thut
cho vic lp Bo co An ton p (BA) v mt Mc lc mu. BA s c p dng
i vi tt c cc TDA lin quan n p. BA c chun b ring thnh mt vn
bn c lp.
- Khung Chnh sch Dn tc Thiu s (KCDT) v Khung Chnh sch Ti nh c
(KCT) lm r cc nguyn tc ti nh c, c cu t chc thc hin v thit k cc tiu
chun p dng i vi cc TDA. KCDT v KCT c chun b ring thnh cc vn
bn c lp. Vic di di m m s c thc hin trn nguyn tc gi thay th v tun
th cc tp qun vn ha a phng, c xem xt n cc c im th hiu vn ha
in hnh ca tng nhm dn tc nh cp trong K hoch Hnh ng Ti nh
c (KHT) v K hoch Pht trin Dn tc Thiu s (KPDT).
- Trong qu trnh chun b M v KQMX, hai cuc tham vn cng ng c thc
hin: t mt vo thng 5-thng 6/2001 v t th hai vo thng 9/2011. i tng
tham gia vo cc cuc tham vn ny gm c cc h nng dn v ng dn trc tip hoc
gin tip b nh hng bi d n, chnh quyn a phng, cc c quan nh nc cp
trung ng v a phng, cc t chc NGO, cc t chc x hi dn s, v.v... Li ch
ca cc bn lin quan c tnh n trong qu trnh chun b cc ti liu an ton.
Ngoi cc ti liu an ton trn, mi TDA s phi chun b k hoch hnh ng ti nh
c (KHT) nu c lin quan n thu hi t v ti nh c, k hoch pht trin dn tc thiu s
(KPDT) nu c lin quan n ngi dn tc thiu s v k hoch qun l mi trng (KQM).
nh gi mi trng

26
Theo ng yu cu v tham vn v cng khai thng tin ca WB, vic tham vn v
cng khai thng tin trong qu trnh chun b cc ti liu an ton ca d n c thc hin.
i vi bo co nh gi mi trng vng v Khung qun l mi trng v x hi, hai t
tham vn c tin hnh trong thng 6-7 nm 2011 v thng 9 nm 2011. i tng tham
vn bao gm cc h nng dn, ng dn chu tc ng trc tip hoc gin tip ca d n, chnh
quyn a phng, cc c quan qun l nh nc cp trung ng v a phng, cc t chc
phi chnh ph, cc t chc dn s ... Cc yu cu cng nh nguyn vng ca cc bn lin
quan u c cn nhc, xem xt trong qu trnh chun b cc ti liu an ton.
2.2. Khung php l v qun l mi trng v thin tai ca Vit Nam
Lut Bo v Mi trng (2005) quy nh cc vn lin quan n nh gi mi
trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng i vi cc
hot ng pht trin. Vic lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c tin hnh ng thi
vi qu trnh lp d n u t (bo co nghin cu kh thi). Thi im lp, trnh thm nh v
ph duyt bo co c quy nh chi tit trong Khon 2 iu 13 Ngh nh 21/2011/N-CP.
Cng tc sng lc mi trng (loi nh gi mi trng i vi d n) c thc hin theo
danh mc cc loi d n trong Phc lc 1 v Ph lc 2 ca Ngh nh 29/2011/N-CP.
nh gi tc ng mi trng. Trong chng 3 ca Ngh nh s 29/2011/N-CP, t
iu 12 n iu 28 quy nh c th vic lp, thm nh v ph duyt bo co nh gi tc
ng mi trng v vic thc hin cc cng trnh v bin php bo v mi trng trc khi
d n vn hnh chnh thc v giai on vn hnh ca d n. Theo Ngh nh ny, cc TDA
trong d n VN-Haz phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng bao gm: (1) cc TDA
xy dng ng t cp IV, V c chiu di t 100 km tr ln, (2) cc TDA xy dng cu
ng b c chiu di 200 m tr ln (khng k ng dn); (3) cc TDA xy dng cng c,
bn c tip nhn tip nhn khi lng c nhp cng l 50 tn/ngy tr ln, (4) cc TDA xy
dng h cha nc c dung tch 100.000m
3
tr ln, (5) cc TDA , k b sng, b bin c
chiu di t 1000m tr ln.
Cam kt bo v mi trng. Chng 4 ca Ngh nh s 29/2011/N-CP, t iu 29
n iu 36 xc nh r i tng phi lp, ng k bn cam kt bo v mi trng; ni
dung, h s, thi im, t chc ng k bn cam kt bo v mi trng v trch nhim ca
ch d n v c quan nh nc ng k bn cam kt bo v mi trng. Theo Ngh nh ny,
cc TDA trong d n VN-Haz phi lp cam kt bo v mi trng bao gm l cc TDA c
cc hot ng xy dng di mc quy nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng trn.
K hoch qun l mi trng. Vit Nam cha c yu cu c th ch d n phi chun
b mt KQM, tuy vy Chnh ph yu cu bo co nh gi mi trng phi: (1) C mt phn
m t r rng v cc bin php k thut v qun l gii quyt cc tc ng tiu cc (cc d
n phi lp bo co TM chi tit); hoc (2) M t cc bin php gim thiu nhim, cc
chng trnh gim st mi trng (quan trc mi trng) v cam kt thc hin cc tiu chun
mi trng (cc d n ng k cam kt bo v mi trng).
Qun l thin tai. Ngy 16/7/2007, Chnh ph ph duyt Chin lc quc gia
phng, chng v gim nh thin tai n nm 2020. Theo , B NN&PTNT l c quan
nh gi mi trng

27
thng trc, phi hp vi cc c quan khc lin quan c trch nhim gip Chnh ph trong
vic thc hin qun l nh nc i vi lnh vc ny. Mc tiu chung ca chin lc l huy
ng mi ngun lc thc hin c hiu qu cng tc phng, chng v gim nh thin tai n
nm 2020 nhm gim n mc ti a thit hi v ngi v ti sn, hn ch s ph hoi ti
nguyn thin nhin, mi trng v di sn vn ha, gp phn quan trng bo m pht trin
bn vng t nc. thc hin mc tiu trn, cc nhim v v gii php t ra l: (1) Xy
dng, hon thin h thng php lut v c ch chnh sch; (2) Hon thin t chc; (3) X hi
ha v pht trin ngun lc; (4) Ngun ti chnh; (5) Nng cao nhn thc cng ng; (6)
Cng c h thng iu v h p; (7) Nng cao nng lc cu h, cu nn; (8) y mnh
hp tc v hi nhp quc t. i vi vng d n, nhim v v gii php phng chng v gim
nh thin tai nh sau:
(i) Vng Bc Trung B: thc hin phng, chng l trit ng thi ch ng phng
chng bo, tng cng kh nng chng l cho h thng sng, thc hin ng b cc ni
dung: lp quy hoch phng, chng l cho cc h thng sng, r sot, iu chnh quy hoch h
thng , lm c s cho cng tc tu b, qun l, bo v h thng , ci to v nng cp cng
trnh di , x l nhng khu vc nn yu, cng ha mt kt hp giao thng nng thn...
(ii) i vi vng duyn hi min Trung v min ng Nam B, phng chm phng,
chng v gim nh thin tai l Ch ng phng, trnh, thch nghi php trin, tp trung vo
cc nhim v v gii php nh quy hoch dn c, khu cng nghip, khu du lch ... m bo
chng ngp v tiu thot l, chuyn i c cu cy trng, vt nui, cng c iu, xy dng
h cha, tng cng trng rng, xy dng cng trnh chng st l b sng, b bin, xy dng
cc khu neo u tu thuyn, nng cp v pht trin cc trm thng tin ph v cnh bo bo.
Cc khung php l khc: ngoi cc khung php l quan trng trn, cc khung php
l c lin quan n d n l (xem thm Ph lc 2):
- Lnh vc xy dng: Lut Xy dng (s 16/2003/QH11), Ngh nh s 12/2009/ND-
CP ngy 10/2/2009 v qun l cc d n u t v xy dng, Ngh nh s 209/2004/ND-CP
ngy 16/12/2004 v qun l cht lng cc d n xy dng...
- Lnh vc thu hi t v ti nh c: Lut t ai (s 13/2003/QH11) ngy
26/11/2003, Ngh nh s 197/2004/ND-CP v n b, h tr v ti nh c khi nh nc thu
hi t, Thng t 116/2004/TT-BTC ngy 07/12/2004 ca B Ti Chnh hng dn thc hin
Ngh nh 197/2004/N-CP ca Chnh ph....
- Lnh vc qun l thin tai: Lut iu s 79/2006/QH11 ngy 29/11/2006, Php
lnh bo v v khai thc cc cng trnh thy li s 32/2001/PL-UBTVQH10 ngy
04/04/2001, Ngh nh quy nh chi tit vic thi hnh Php lnh phng chng lt bo s
08/2006/N-CP ngy 16/01/2006 ...
- Lnh vc an ton p: Ngh nh s 72/2007/N-CP v qun l an ton p quy
nh chi tit v thi cng, xy dng, qun l p. Theo ngh nh ny p ln l p c chiu
cao tnh t mt nn n nh p bng hoc ln hn 15m hoc p ca h cha nc c quy
m dung tch bng hoc ln hn 3.000.000 m
3
(ba triu mt khi). p nh l p c chiu
nh gi mi trng

28
cao tnh t mt nn n nh nh hn 15m v to h cha nc c dung tch tr nh hn
3.000.000 m
3
(ba triu mt khi). Bo m an ton p l u tin cao nht trong xy dng,
qun l, khai thc v bo v h cha nc. Cng tc qun l an ton p phi c thc hin
thng xuyn, lin tc trong qu trnh xy dng v qun l khai thc h cha nc. Cn c
quy nh ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn, B Cng nghip v cc c quan nh
nc c thm quyn, ch p phi t chc n v qun l p c nng lc qun l, vn
hnh, duy tu, bo dng v bo v p theo quy nh. B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng
thn chu trch nhim trc Chnh ph thc hin qun l nh nc v an ton p. B Cng
nghip ch tr, phi hp vi cc B, ngnh, a phng lin quan thm nh, ph duyt hoc
trnh Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Quy trnh vn hnh h cha thu in. UBND cp tnh
thc hin qun l nh nc v an ton p trn a bn. UBND cc tnh giao cho S NN &
PTNT thi hnh chc nng ny
- Cc lnh vc c lin quan khc: Lut Bo v v Pht trin rng s 29/2004/QH11,
lut Lao ng ngy 23/6/1994, lut Di sn vn ha s 28/2001/QH10, lut Ti nguyn nc
8/1998/QH10
- Cc Quy chun Vit Nam: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc ung
QCVN01:2009/BYT; Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc sinh hot
QCVN02:2009/BYT; Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt
QCVN08:2008/BTNMT; Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc ngm
QCVN09:2008/BTNMT; Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc bin ven b
QCVN10:2008/BTNMT; Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng khng kh xung quanh
QCVN05:2009/BTNMT; Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht c hi trong khng kh xung
quanh QCVN06:2009/BTNMT.
2.3. T chc th ch hin hnh.
2.3.1. T chc th ch hin hnh qun l mi trng.
Theo chng 8 ca Lut Bo v Mi trng, cc c quan qun l nh nc mi
trng cp trung ng hoc c lin quan n mi trng bao gm: B Ti nguyn v Mi
trng, B K hoch v u t, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn, B Cng thng,
B Xy dng, B giao thng vn ti, B Y t, B Quc phng, B Cng an v c quan ngang
b, c quan thuc Chnh ph khc C quan qun l nh nc v mi trng a phng bao
gm UBND cp tnh (S Ti nguyn v Mi trng, Chi cc Bo v mi trng), UBND cp
huyn (Phng Ti nguyn v Mi trng), UBND cp x (cn b a chnh), b phn chuyn
mn v BVMT trong cc doanh nghip nh nc v cc khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, etc.
Chc nng v nhim v ca cc c quan ny c trnh by chi tit trong Ph lc 2. S h
thng qun l mi trng ca Vit Nam c trnh by trong Hnh 2.1.
nh gi mi trng

29

Hnh 3.1. S h thng qun l mi trng
2.3.2. T chc th ch hin hnh qun l thin tai
B NN&PTNT c vai tr chnh trong qun l thin tai ti Vit Nam. y ban Phng
chng lt bo Trung ng l n v chu trch nhim ban hnh tt c cc chnh sch qun l
ri ro thin tai v bin php gim thiu. Trng ban Phng chng lt bo Trung ng l B
trng b NN&PTNT. Thnh vin l cc i din t cc Vn phng Chnh ph, B Quc
phng v cc n v lin quan khc. Vn phng ca y ban nm ti Cc iu v Phng
chng lt bo thuc Tng cc Thy Li ca B NN&PTNT.
cp tnh, c quan iu phi chnh v qun l thin tai l Ban ch huy Phng chng
lt bo v tm kim cu nn v c vn phng ti Chi cc Thy Li hoc Chi cc Qun l
iu v Phng chng lt bo trc thuc S NN&PTNT. UBND tnh c nhim v ban hnh
cc vn bn ca tnh. S phi hp gia cc UBND cc tnh trong mt lu vc sng hoc
ang c hnh thnh.
Trung tm Phng trnh v Gim nh thin tai thuc Tng cc Thy li c thnh lp
t nm 2010 - ti Quyt nh s 03/2010/Q-TTg ngy 25/1/2010 ca Th tng Chnh Ph.
Trung tm c nhim v chnh l cng Cc iu v Phng chng lt bo m nhim hot
ng ca Vn phng thng trc Ban Ch o Phng chng lt bo trung ng, tham mu
nh gi mi trng

30
Ban Ch o Phng chng lt bo trung ng thc hin cc chc nng ti Quyt nh s
14/2010/N-CP ngy 27/2/2010 ca Th tng Chnh ph. Trung tm h tr tham mu cho
Tng cc Thy li thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc v gim nh thin tai v thch ng
bin i kh hu. Trung tm thit lp v qun l c s d liu v h thng thng tin phng,
chng v gim nh thin tai, thch ng vi bin i kh hu v thng tin v cc h cha ln v
cng trnh thu li, iu phc v cng tc iu hnh phng, chng v gim nh thin tai
ca Ban Ch o Phng chng lt, bo Trung ng;
Trung tm Kh tng Thy vn Quc gia l n v trc thuc B Ti nguyn v Mi
trng, c nhim v thng xuyn theo di, tng hp v tnh hnh din bin thi tit, thu vn
trong phm vi c nc v cc khu vc c lin quan, c bit l bo, p thp nhit i, l lt,
cc hin tng kh tng thu vn nguy him khc, thc hin nghip v d bo kh tng
thu vn v pht cc bn tin d bo, cnh bo, thng bo thi tit, thu vn theo quy nh,
phc v phng chng thin tai, pht trin kinh t - x hi v m bo an ninh quc phng.
Trung tm cung cp cc thng tin kh tng thy vn cho cc thit k k thut cc c s h
tng phng chng lt bo v cc cnh bo bo cho cng ng. cp quc gia, Trung tm Kh
tng Thy vn Quc gia c mt trung tm d liu, mt trung tm d bo kh tng thy vn
Trung ng, 9 trung tm kh tng thy vn vng v mt s trung tm d bo thy vn ca
tnh. Qu trnh trao i thng tin v kh tng, thy vn cp tnh v huyn thng khng y
do thiu cc mi lin kt cn thit.
CHNG 4. MI TRNG NN VNG D N
Do tip cn nh gi theo lu vc sng c s dng xc nh v la chn cc
TDA c u t nn chng ny trnh by cc vn mi trng nn v tnh hnh thin tai
ca vng d n theo cc lu vc sng. Thng tin chi tit v cc lu vc sng c trnh by
trong Ph lc 3 v 4. Cc lu vc sng c trnh by trong Hnh 4.1.
nh gi mi trng

31
Hnh 4.1. Bn cc lu vc sng thuc vng d n WB5
nh gi mi trng

32
4.1. Cch tip cn phn vng v nh gi mi trng
Trong cc hp phn ca d n, HP4 tp trung h tr u t xy dng cc cng trnh
nhm gim nh cc ri ro do thin tai (l, lt, bo) cc vng u tin cao, nh cc cng trnh
nng cp, xy mi k; nng cp, gia c p, cng trnh u mi, h cha; nng cp, xy
dng mi ng cu h, cu nn; no vt ca sng v nng cp cng/khu neo u trnh tr
bo; nng cp, m rng kh nng thot l p dng. Cc cng trnh thuc HP4 c gn lin
vi cc dng sng, h thng sng. Phng php tip cn theo lu vc sng ang c s
dng Vit Nam trong qun l tng hp ti nguyn nc cng nh nh gi cc tc ng.
Trong phm vi d n, phng php tip cn theo lu vc sng c s dng trong vic phn
tch la chn cc TDA u tin u t. Phng php tip cn theo lu vc sng cng c s
dng trong nh gi, phn tch cc din bin mi trng, tnh hnh thin tai v kh nng ng
ph. Cc ni dung nh gi, tng hp phn tch c thc hin i vi cc lu vc sng ln
thuc phm vi d n, bao gm: sng M, sng C, sng Vu Gia Thu Bn, sng Tr Bng
Tr Khc V. Cc lu vc sng nh c cc TDA, cng trnh thuc d n cng c xem xt
nh gi, bao gm: sng Rc (H Tnh), sng Gianh (Qung Bnh), sng Thch Hn (Qung
Tr), sng Kone H Thanh La Tinh (Bnh nh), sng Dinh (Ninh Thun). Ton vng d
n thuc a bn 10 tnh c phn chia theo lu vc sng c th hin trn Hnh 4.1.
4.2. Mi trng nn vng d n
4.2.1. iu kin mi trng t nhin
V tr a l: Vng d n nm trn a bn 10 tnh duyn hi min trung Thanh Ha,
Ngh An, H Tnh, Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Nng, Qung Nam, Qung Ngi, Bnh nh
v Ninh Thun. Phm vi d n c xc nh nh sau: Pha ng gii hn bi bin ng,
pha Bc tip gip vi cc tnh Ninh Bnh, Ha Bnh v Sn La, pha Nam tip gip vi cc
tnh Lm ng v Bnh Thun, pha Ty gii hn bi bin gii Vit Nam Lo.
c im a hnh khu vc: Cc tnh duyn hi mi
, tri di t Thanh Ha n Ninh Thun vi
khong hn 1.000km b bi u nhnh ni Tr
n bin nn a hnh dc, ng bng rt hp. Phn ng bng b chia lm ba di, gip
bin l cn ct, m ph, vng vnh, gia l vng thp trng, trong cng l vng ng bng
bi t. c im a hnh ny l tng thm hu qu ca thin tai (c bit l l lt). Khi c l
lt s gy hu qu nghim trng, c bit l hin tng l v nhanh (do a hnh i ni v
sng ngn, dc), rt chm (do a hnh thp, trng gia v c s h tng tiu thot l nh,
l) v l qut ti vng ni.
Kh hu: Khu vc nm trong vng nhit i gi ma, nhit trung bnh 27
o
C. Kh hu
Trung B c chia ra lm hai khu vc chnh l Bc Trung B v Duyn Hi Nam Trung B.
Khu vc Bc Trung B (bao gm ton b pha Bc o Hi Vn). Vo ma ng, do gi ma thi
theo hng ng Bc mang theo hi nc t bin vo nn ton khu vc chu nh hng ca thi
tit lnh km theo ma. y l im khc bit vi thi tit kh hanh vo ma ng vng Bc B.
n ma h khng cn hi nc t bin vo nhng c thm gi ma Ty Nam (cn gi l gi
Lo) thi ngc ln gy nn thi tit kh nng, vo thi im ny nhit ngy c th ln ti
nh gi mi trng

33
trn 40
0
C, trong khi m khng kh li rt thp. Vng Duyn hi Nam Trung B (bao
gm khu vc ng bng ven bin Nam Trung B thuc pha Nam o Hi Vn). Gi ma
ng Bc khi thi n y thng suy yu i do b chn li bi dy Bch M. V vy khi v
ma h khi xut hin gi ma Ty Nam thi mnh t vnh Thi Lan v trn qua dy ni
Trng Sn s gy ra thi tit kh nng cho ton b khu vc. c im ni bt ca kh hu
Trung B l c ma ma v ma kh khng cng xy ra vo mt thi k trong nm ca hai
vng kh hu Bc B v Nam B.
* T Thanh Ha n Qung Tr: Ma ma tp trung t thng IX n thng XI, chim
80% tng lng ma c nm, nn thng gy l lt trn din rng. Ma kh t thng XII ko
di n thng VIII nm sau, trng vi ma kh hanh nng gt gn vi gi Ty Nam kh nng,
lng bc hi ln (960 - 1.200mm/ nm) nn thng xuyn gy hn hn, ct bay lp ng
rung, t th c v gy suy thoi t.
* T Nng - Bnh nh: Ma ma bt u t thng V kt thc vo thng XII.
* T Quy Nhn Ninh Thun: Ma ma lch hn v ma ng: bt u vo thng IX
v kt thc vo cui thng XII.
* Khu vc Ninh Thun l khu vc chu nh hng nhiu nht ca El Nino, vi s
thng thm ht lng ma thng ln hn so vi cc khu vc khc. S bin i kh hu lm
cho khng kh lnh gim r rt, bo xut hin nhiu hn, mc nc bin tng lm gia tng
nhim mn trn ton vng d n.
iu kin thy vn: Vng d n c h thng sng dy c, c cc sng ln v va nh
sng M Thanh Ha, sng C Ngh An, sng Gianh Qung Bnh, sng Thch Hn Qung
Tr, sng Vu Gia Nng, sng Thu Bn Qung Nam, sng Tr Khc Qung Ngi. Cc
sng c c im ngn v dc, nc tp trung nhanh, cc ca sng d b bi lp lm cn tr vic
thot l cho vng ng bng nn thng xy ra l lt. Cc sng ch yu bt ngun t lnh th
Vit Nam, tr h thng sng C (Ngh An) bt ngun t Lo. Ch thy vn ca sng min
Trung b chi phi bi thy triu bin ng. Trong vng, c rt nhiu cng trnh thy li, v cc h
thng knh c c nhim v rt quan trng l cp nc, tiu nc v giao thng thy trong vng.
Ngun nc sng ang b khai thc qu mc nn gim v lng (hin ang khai thc 50% lng
dng chy), c bit ti Ninh Thun (khai thc ti 79-80% dng chy). Trn ton vng d n
thng xuyn xy ra thiu nc ma kh, l lt ma ma.
Ngun khong sn: C ti nguyn khong sn a dng, chim khong 60% tr lng
qung st, 80% thic, 100% Cronit, 40% vi ca c nc.
Bi lng v xi l b sng: Tnh trng st l b sng, b bin, bi lp dng sng xy
ra hu ht cc sng lm cho hm lng cht rn l lng (TSS) ca cc sng kh cao
Cht lng khng kh nhn chung cn tt tr mt s khu th c nng bi v
ting n tng i cao.
Cht lng nc ngm: trn ton vng d n, nc ngm c cht lng tng i
tt, c th dng lm ngun nc phc v cho cp nc sinh hot. Mt s khu vc ngun nc
ngm c hm lng st v mangan cao hoc b nhim mn.
nh gi mi trng

34
Cht lng nc mt: Trong iu kin bnh thng cht lng nc mt kh tt tr hm
lng cht rn l lng cao do xi l b sng, tuy nhin cht lng nc b gim st nghim trng
trong v sau khi c ma to hoc bo. Nc l cun theo v ha tan cht bn tch t t nhng bi
thu gom, tp kt v x l cht thi, h thng thot nc b ph hy, phn, rc t cc nh v sinh,
h thng cng rnh Cc cht nhim hu c, vi sinh vt gy bnh rt cao, c nc ma, l
lan truyn trn vng din tch rng. V ma kh, mc nc sng h h thp, lu lng dng chy
nh gy nn tnh trng nc b nhim hoc hin tng xm nhp mn. Cht lng nc sng
M tng i tt, ngoi tr hm lng TSS cao vo ma ma, xm nhp mn vo ma kh. Cht
lng nc sng C t loi B theo QCVN v cht lng nc mt v b xm nhp mn vo ma
kh. Cht lng nc sng Vu Gia Thu Bn c hu ht cc ch s nh hn gii hn cho php
ca ngun nc loi A, tr hm lng TSS v Coliform vt qu. Sng Tr Khc V - Tr
Bng c cht lng nc tng i tt, ngoi tr mt vi im quan trc c ch s BOD v COD
vt qu gii hn i vi ngun nc loi A theo QCVN v cht lng nc mt.
Cht lng t: Cht lng t ton vng nhn chung cn tt, tuy c mt s im
ng lu nh sau: C im nng v nhim dioxin ti sn bay Nng, hm lng dioxin
trong t vt qu 1.000 ppt TEQ, vi tng din tch ln nhim ln n 88.000m
2
. Ti sn
bay Ph Ct (Quy Nhn), din tch t b nhim dioxin khong 4.000 m
2
v tp trung trong
sn bay. Ngoi ra c hin tng nhim t do cht c ho hc trong chin tranh li
Cam L, ng H, Khe Sanh v Qung Tr Bn cnh cn c hin tng suy thoi t do
ph rng u ngun, hoang mc ha do tnh trng ct bay, ct nhy t Qung Bnh n Bnh
Thun, t nhim mn, khai hoang ln bin, xa cc di rng ngp mn thnh ao h nui
trng thu sn v p ngn mn, hin tng nhim t do d lng ho cht s dng
trong nng nghip.
4.2.2. Mi trng sinh thi
H ng thc vt trn cn: Ch yu l h thng rng nguyn sinh thuc dy Trng
Sn. Trong nhiu nm gn y, do khai thc rng u ngun bt h t s ni
nh akrng (Qung Tr
c y. Rng b mt do lm tc khai thc tri php, chy rng, xy dng
thu in, ln vo rng phng h ven bin khai thc tn thu khong sn Titan; ph rng
lm nng ry v trng cy lm nghip v.v H sinh thi t ngp nc, rng ngp mn ven
bin, i ven b tip tc b suy thoi do pht trin nui thu sn khng theo quy hoch.
H ng thc vt thy sinh: H ng thc vt nc ngt khng c nhiu c trng,
tuy nhin vi khong khong 670 km b bin, 23 ca sng, nhiu m ph, thm lc a rng
nhiu ti nguyn, ti nguyn bin rt phong ph (tr lng c khong 620.000 tn, tm 2750
tn, mc 5000 tn. Tuy nhin ti nguyn bin ang b khai thc qu mc.
Cc vn quc gia, khu bo tn: Trong vng d n c nhiu khu vn quc gia, khu
bo tn d tr ti nguyn thin nhin v c gi tr a dng sinh hc cao, nh: Vn quc gia
Bn En (Thanh Ha), Vn quc gia P Mt (Ngh An), Vn quc gia V Quang (H
Tnh), khu bo tn thin nhin Khe Nt, vn quc gia Phong Nha - K Bng (Qung Bnh),
khu bo tn bin C Lao Chm, Khu bo tn thin nhin B N - Ni Cha, Sn Tr (
nh gi mi trng

35
Nng)... Nhiu khu bo tn ang c xut thnh lp nh khu bo tn bin Quy Nhn; khu
bo tn trn lu vc sng Vu Gia Thu Bn vi mc tiu l bo v ng di c ca c Mi,
c Chnh bng v.v... V tr cc vn quc gia v khu bo tn ln c th hin trn Hnh 4.2
v trn cc bn lu vc sng Ph lc 1.

Hnh 4.2. V tr cc vn quc gia v khu bo tn ln trong vng d n
nh gi mi trng

36
4.2.3. iu kin kinh t - x hi
Kinh t min Trung vi s tp trung l cc vng kinh t trng im, c nhiu li th
v v tr chin lc, bao gm ngun nhn lc, 17 cng bin, 15 khu kinh t, 22 khu cng
nghip, 2 khu ch xut, 8 sn bay, 2 xa l xuyn Vit, hnh lang kinh t ng Ty v nhng
d n hng chc t USD. Tuy nhin, hin nay cc tim nng sn c vn cha pht huy
c li th kinh t vng min ni chung khi cc tnh, thnh u c nhng u th nhng cha
c quy hoch tng th, ang cn tn ti s pht trin lao ng sn xut manh mn, t pht.
Cc cng bin nc su Chn My, Nng, K H v Dung Qut khng c hot ng ht
cng sut ti a. Cc khu cng nghip - ch xut ang trong tnh trng thiu vng cc doanh
nghip trong v ngoi nc tr trng v quan tm u t. Trong khu vc c d n cng bin
nc su v Khu cng nghip Dung Qut ra i vng kinh t trng im ko di t Lin
Chiu (Qung Nam - Nng) n Dung Qut (Qung Ngi), hnh thnh trc pht trin cng
nghip v du lch dc theo vng duyn hi t Nng n Dung Qut cng vi chui th
ang pht trin tri di theo b bin, gm Hu, Nng, Hi An, Tam K, Qung Ngi, Quy
Nhn v cc khu kinh t ln nh Chn My - Lng C, Chu Lai, Dung Qut, Nhn Hi.
Ngoi ra cn c cc d n cng bin nc su v Khu cng nghip thng mi - du lch v
dch v Chn My v d n cng bin nc su v Khu kinh t Nhn Hi dn n s m rng
vng kinh t trng im v pha Nam n Bnh nh.

Dn s: Vit Nam c c cu dn s tr, tc tng dn s cao, gy p lc ln ti nguyn
v mi trng a phng. t nng nghip ngy cng thu hp bi tc th ha, rng b cht
ph, khai thc g, tng s thoi ha t, tng nh hng ca bo lt, l qut Nhng ngi b
nh hng trc tip bi s suy thoi ti nguyn mi trng l nhng ngi ngho nht v t c
kh nng thay i sinh k hoc li sng i ph vi suy thoi mi trng. Dn s trong khu
vc d n l khong 20 triu ngi (Theo nin gim thng k n nm 2006). Mt dn s ca
Vit Nam (Nm 2005) l 242 ngi/km
2
. Mt dn s ca hu ht cc lu vc sng trong khu
vc d n nh hn mc trung bnh ca c nc, ngoi tr lu vc sng Tr Khc v sng Kone.
Tt c cc lu vc sng c dn c nng thn chim hn 70% tng dn s. Mt dn s ca mt
s lu vc sng chnh trong khu vc d n c th hin trn Hnh 4.3.

Hnh 4.3. Mt dn s mt s lu vc sng trong khu vc d n
nh gi mi trng

37
S dng t: Trong vng d n t nng lm nghip chim 68,2%, cn li l t phi
nng nghip (chim khong 8,3%) v t cha s dng (23,5%), din tch t nng lm
nghip v t cha s dng gim do chuyn i mc ch s dng t sang xy dng cc cng
trnh giao thng, thy li, thy in, th v nh my, x nghip.
C s h tng: Ti cc thnh ph, th trn, c s h tng kh tt. Ti cc vng nng
thn, c s h tng cn thp km, c bit l h thng ng giao thng nng thn cha p
ng c yu cu giao thng, cu h, cu nn khi c ma ln hoc ngp lt. Cng trnh cng
cng cp x kh nh, l.
Hin trng v c cu kinh t: Nn kinh t trong khu vc d n tng trng mc
kh, t 8,4%/nm; ngnh nng lm- thu sn tng 5,29%/nm, tuy nhin, n nay vn l
vng kinh t cn nhiu kh khn, ngnh nng, lm nghip, thu sn vn chim t trng ln
(37,8%) vi 80% ngi dn sng bng ngh sn xut nng nghip. Lao ng nng thn thiu
vic lm, thu nhp thp, i sng kh khn. C cu kinh t ca mt s lu vc sng chnh
c th hin trn Hnh 4.4.

Hnh 4.4. C cu kinh t mt s lu vc sng trong khu vc d n
Nng nghip v thy canh: Loi hnh nng nghip ch yu l trng la, cy hoa
ma, nui trng v nh bt thy sn, ph thuc ch yu vo thin nhin nn thng xy ra
mt ma hoc nhng thit hi ng k nu c l lt, ma bo
H thng thy li: Cc lu vc sng trong khu vc d n u c h sng thy li lm
nhim v ti tiu cho nng nghip, to ngun cp nc cho sinh hot v cng nghip, tiu
thot l Tuy nhin hu ht cc h thng mc va v nh, cha p ng c yu cu, rt
nhiu cng trnh thy li c xy dng t lu, hin ang h hng, xung cp, cn thit c
u t, ci to nng cp.
Cc nhm Dn tc thiu s: Trong vng d n c 25 dn tc thiu s, nh dn tc
Thi, Mng, Ty, Mng, Bru, Vn Kiu sng Trng Sn, ngi Chm Nng n
Ninh Thun. Cc nhm DTTS phn b khng u t ng sang ty. Ngi Kinh sinh sng
ch yu ng bng ven bin.
nh gi mi trng

38
Di sn vn ha v t nhin: Vng d n c mt s di sn vn ha v t nhin ln
nh di sn th gii Vn quc gia Phong Nha-K Bng, di tch Thnh a M Sn, ph c
Hi An. V tr cc di sn vn ha v t nhin c th hin trn Hnh 4.5.

Hnh 4.5. Cc di sn vn ha v t nhin trong vng d n
Y t cng ng: Y t nng thn thuc cc tnh thuc vng d n cha c trang b
tt. Dch bnh v nhim mi trng thng xy ra sau l lt do nh v sinh nng thn cn
lc hu. Trong v sau khi c l lt hoc ma bo, nc l cun theo cht thi t cc nh v
sinh gy dch bnh v nhim mi trng. T nm 2004 n nay, dch bnh gia sc, gia cm
hu nh nm no cng xy ra.

4.3. Tnh hnh thin tai v kh nng ng ph
4.3.1. Tnh hnh thin tai
Khu vc min Trung, thuc vng d n thng xy ra hu ht cc loi hnh ri ro
thin tai xut hin Vit Nam, trong ph bin nht l l lt, bo, nng nng L lt,
ngp ng min Trung thng xy ra ng thi trn nhiu tnh, c khi bao trm c min vi
nh gi mi trng

39
mc rt ln (1999, 2003, 2009, 2010), l lt xy ra nhiu hn, c lit hn gy thit hi ln
c ngi v ca, lm nhim mi trng t, nc. L qut xy ra thng ngun cc sng
ti H Tnh, Qung Bnh, Qung Nam, Nng, Qung Ngi. Bo, p thp nhit i ang
din bin nhiu hn v c lit hn. Theo s liu thng k 10 nm, t nm 1981-1991
2
, cc cn
bo trc tip b vo cc tnh min Trung chim 65% thng s cn bo b vo Vit
Nam. Nng nng thng xut hin cc vng thp nh vng ng bng ven bin v trong
cc thung lng sng. Trong cc thung lng sng, nng nng thng xy ra mnh hn c v s
ngy cng nh cng . Chi tit v tnh hnh thin tai v kh nng ng ph ca cc lu vc
sng, cc tnh trong vng d n c trnh by chi tit trong Ph lc 3.
4.3.2. Kh nng ng ph
T chc th ch:
Nhm ng ph vi tnh hnh ri ro thin tai ngy cng phc tp, kh lng v m
bo thng nht vic thc hin phng chng lt bo v tm kim cu nn, gim thiu hu qu
ca thin tai cc cp, hu ht cc tnh trong vng d n u thnh lp Ban ch huy phng
chng lt bo v tm kim cu nn. Cc ban ny hot ng di s ch o ca UBND tnh v
mt s n v c chc nng trong vng. Ban ch huy phng chng lt bo v tm kim cu
nn c trch nhim cung cp cc hng dn cho cc cp thp hn, kim tra v iu chnh tt
c cc k hoch lin quan n lt bo v tm kim cu nn, m bo tnh linh hot v mm
do gia cc ngun lc cho cc cng tc ny. K hoch hnh ng ng ph lt bo thng
chia lm 3 giai on: Chun b trc ma lt, bo, ng ph vi lt bo v cc hot ng khc
phc hu qu thin tai. Tuy nhin, nng lc ca cc n v ny vn cn yu do thiu kinh
nghim v ti chnh.
C s h tng v thit b
Hin ti, cc c s h tng quan trng ca cc tnh v cc lu vc sng bao gm: h
thng ti, tiu, h p, trm bm, , k sng, bin, khu neo u tu thuyn, trm kh tng,
thy vn, mng li thng tin, d bo thi tit. Hu ht cc c s h tng ny hu c, lc hu
hoc khng hon chnh.
Lu vc sng M. Ton lu vc c hn 800 h, p ln nh trong 24 h quan trng
cp tnh v quc gia; 1.008 km sng, bin; 881 cng; 181 k bo v cng trnh. Khu vc
c 3 khu neo u tu thuyn trnh tr bo l Lch Hi, Lch Trng, Lch Bng. Khu vc c
7 trm kh tng, hi vn v mi trng chuyn o c quan trc cc yu t kh hu, kh
tng, 16 trm thu vn chuyn o c mc nc, lu lng, lng ma, nhit nc v
cht lng cht l lng, 14 im o ma trong nhn dn, chuyn o c nhng ni khng
c trm KTTV c bn.
Lu vc sng C. Ton lu vc c 1.214 h cha ln nh, mt s h nh Vc Mu
(dung tch 62,5 triu m
3
), H V Rng (18,6 triu m
3
), H Khe (15,4 triu m
3
), H Bn V
(2.690 triu m
3
); 427 p dng nc cho vng ni; 586,6 km sng, ni ng v bin.
Trn lu vc sng C c 17 trm kh tng v 11 trm thu vn chuyn o c cc yu t nh
nh gi mi trng

40
ma, bc hi, nhit , l, hu ht cc trm c thnh lp t trc nm 1957 v cng c
mt s trm dng o c.
Lu vc sng Thu Bn. Hin nay lu vc sng Thu Bn xy dng nhiu h cha
nc. Cc H cha nc c dung tch ln hn 10 triu m
3
gm c: ng Ngh (17,2 triu
m
3
), Ha Trung (10 triu m
3
), Ph Ninh (344 triu m
3
), Khe Tn (30 triu m
3
), Vinh Trinh
(19,3 triu m
3
), A Vng (266,5 triu m
3
), a Mi 4 (152 triu m
3
) v Sng Tranh 2 (212,3
triu m
3
). Mt s khu neo u tu thuyn c xy dng nh C Lao Chm ( Qung Nam),
Hng Triu ( Qung Nam), Th Quang ( Nng). Trong lu vc c 2 trm o cc yu t
kh tng: mt trm o i din cho vng ng bng l trm Nng, mt trm i din cho
vng min ni l trm Tr My v 18 trm o ma. Trn h thng sng V Gia -Thu Bn c 8
trm o thu vn, trong c 2 trm o dng chy v mc nc, 2 trm o mc nc vng
trung lu sng Thu Bn v sng Vu Gia, 4 trm o mc nc h lu vng nh hng triu.
Lu vc sng Vu Gia V - Thu Bn. Phn ln din tch lu vc thuc a phn tnh
Qung Ngi. Tnh Qung Ngi xy dng c mt s cng trnh h tng c s phng chng
thin tai gm: Cc Trung tm Phng trnh v Gim nh thin tai tnh v 03 huyn; h cha nc;
trm bm; p dng nc; k sng; k bin; ngn mn; khu neo u tu thuyn; cng c; cc
trm kh tng thy vn v mng li thng tin d bo thi tit. Tnh n nm 2009, iu,
cng trnh ngn mn c kin c trn a bn tnh Qung Ngi l 10,95 km sng; 25 km
ca sng; 03 p ngn mn; 16.061,9 m k lt mi v 54 m hn. Cng trnh cng neo u tu
thuyn bao gm: Cng Dung Qut, Cng Sa K, Cng Tnh Ho, Cng L Sn, Cng M ,
Cng Sa Hunh. Trn lu vc hin nay c 3 trm thu vn c bn, 3 trm thu vn chuyn dung,
7 trm o ma, 3 trm kh tng v 94 mc bo l.
Lu vc sng H Vng v sng Rc (H Tnh). Ton tnh H Tnh c 32 tuyn vi
chiu di 316 km, trong c 01 tuyn sng chnh cp II ( La Giang di 19,2km) v 31
tuyn sng cp IV v cp V vi chiu di 297 km. Nhn chung h thng iu cn nh,
cao trnh thp, kh nng chng vi thin tai bo, l cn nhiu bt cp. H p c 345 ci
vi tng dung tch 762 triu m3 v 48 p dng. Phn ln cc h, p c u t xy dng
t nhng nm 1980 v trc nn cng trnh hu ht b xung cp. Trong nhng nm qua
Chnh Ph v cc t chc Quc t tng bc u t sa cha, nng cp. Tuy nhin, do
ngun kinh ph c hn nn vic u t cha hon chnh vn cn nhiu cng trnh ang trong
tnh trng h hng xung cp trm trng nguy c xy ra s c bt c lc no khi c ma l.

nh gi mi trng

41
CHNG 5. NH GI MI TRNG
Chng ny trnh by kt qu nh gi cc tc ng tim n ca D n i vi vic
qun l lu vc sng cng nh cc tiu lu vc sng. Nh cp trong Chng 2, cc
hot ng xut trong cc hp phn 1, 2, 3 ch gii hn vic h tr k thut, tng cng
nng lc v cc u t cho cc cng trnh nh nh ci to hoc xy dng vn phng, nh ,
trm kh tng, thy vn v cc c s h tng cng ng nh. Cc TDA thc hin hp phn
4 s lin quan n 4 dng cng trnh: (1) sa cha v nng cp , k; (2) sa cha v nng
cp h, p; (3) sa cha v nng cp ng cu h; (4) no vt ca sng v sa cha, nng
cp cc khu neo u trnh tr bo. Cc TDA s c la chn theo theo tip cn lu vc sng
cng vi vic u t theo nhm tng cng hiu qu u t. V vy, cc nh gi tp trung
vo cc tc ng tim n ca D n n cc chnh sch v k hoch lin quan n thin tai v
qun l ti nguyn nc trong bi cnh qun l tng hp lu vc sng cng nh n mi
trng t nhin (t, nc, khng kh, sinh vt), mi trng kinh t - x hi.
5.1 Cc tc ng tch cc
5.1.2 Cc li ch chung
Trong nhng nm gn y cng vi s bin i kh hu ton cu, thi tit v cc
hin tng thu vn nc ta ni chung v khu vc min Trung ni ring ngy cng bin
ng phc tp hn, khng theo quy lut truyn thng (ma ma bo c xu th xut hin sm
v kt thc mun hn). Thin tai nghim trng vi nhng biu hin bt thng xy ra ngy
cng nhiu hn v c cng mnh hn. Bo v l lt hng nm, c bit l nhng nm
1998, 1999, 2005, 2009 ti khu vc min Trung gy nh hng ln n tnh mng v ti
sn ca nhn dn v Nh nc. Nhm hn ch nhng tc ng ny, mt s chnh sch, k
hoch, khung th ch c thit lp (xem Chng 3 v Ph lc 2). WB v cc nh ti tr
khc h tr k thut v ngun lc ti chnh thc hin cc chnh sch, k hoch . Do
vy, D n WB5 c tc ng tch tng cng nng lc cc cp trong vic phng chng v
gim nh thin tai. C th, d n c nhng li ch chung sau y:
- Tng cng kh nng qun l ri ro thin tai cp quc gia, cp tnh v a phng
ci thin vic lp k hoch v gim thiu cc ri ro, do gim tn tht v ngi, gim
h hng v ti sn v gim s gin on ca cc hot ng kinh t.
- Ci thin h thng d bo thi tit v cnh bo sm thu thp, x l v ph bin
thng tin, to cho mi ngi dn c th trin khai hnh ng kp thi v hiu qu hn, nhm
gim nh cc thit hi thin tai v p ng c cc iu kin thi tit mt cch hiu qu hn.
- Cng c cc cng trnh lm gim ri ro thin tai ti cc vng u tin.
- Nng cao nng lc qun l v thc thi d n, qun l mi trng, x hi trong cng
tc qun l thin tai tng hp.
Da vo cc ni dung v phm vi u t d n m t trong Chng 2, c th thy rng
D n WB5 hon ton ph hp vi cc mc tiu trong Chin lc Quc gia v phng chng
v gim nh thin tai n nm 2020, Chin lc quc gia v bo v mi trng n nm 2010
nh gi mi trng

42
v tm nhn n nm 2020 v cc quy hoch vng min Trung (Ph lc 4). Cc li ch quan
trng ca D n c lm r trong phn sau y v c minh ha bng nhng dn chng c
th trong cc hp thng tin km theo.
5.1.2 Gim nh thit hi v ngi v ti sn
Gim nh thit hi v ngi v ti sn cho khu vc min Trung v c bit l cc x,
huyn dc theo cc lu vc sng l mt trong nhng tc ng tch cc ni bt ca d n.
Theo bo co ca cc tnh trong vng d n, hu ht cc c s h tng phng chng lt bo u
kh yu km. y l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh gy gia tng thit hi v ngi v ti
sn i cho cc tnh vng d n. Cc tiu d n ca d n WB5 s tp trung khc phc nhng
yu km ny, thng qua cc hot ng nng cp, sa cha cc tuyn ng cu h cu nn vn
khng p ng c yu cu khi c l, tng an ton ca cc h cha, nng cp cc khu neo
u tu thuyn trnh tr bo Theo bo co KCT, d n s bo v khong 900.000 ngi (hn
210.000 h), trong c 5 nhm dn tc thiu s: Mng, Thi, C Tu, Hre v Chm.
Qu trnh tham vn cng ng cho thy nhm ngi chu nh hng ln nht t ri ro
thin tai l tr em, ph n, ngi gi, cc nhm dn tc thiu s v nhng ngi ngho. y
l nhm ngi ngi d b tn thng c hng li nhiu nht t d n. Nhm ngi ny
by t nguyn vng tha thit c h tr gim nh thit hi v ngi v ca do thin tai
gy ra i vi h do cuc sng ca h vn rt kh khn. Nh vy, d n s p ng nhu
cu cp thit trong vic phng chng v gim nh thin tai, m bo an ton v ngi v ti
sn cho cng ng. V th d n nhn c s ng h rng ri ca nhn dn v chnh
quyn cc a phng. D n cng s to lng tin ca ngi dn i vi ng v Nh nc,
to tinh thn an tm sn xut v n nh cuc sng.
Ri ro l lt v tc ng tch cc ca tiu d n Nng cp tuyn Lng Yn Khai,
huyn Thanh Chng i vi x Thanh Lng, huyn Thanh Chng tnh Ngh An
- y l x chu nh hng thng xuyn ca ngp lt, tuyn hin c ch sc phng
nga l tiu mn, c 9-10 nm li c l lch s, ngp n nc nh. Khi b lt do l tiu
mn, 5 xm b chia ct hon ton, phi i li bng thuyn nan, nh hng n hc tp ca
hc sinh v cuc sng ca ngi dn, ngp 100% t canh tc nng nghip. Cc nm 2007
-2010 u c thit hi v ngi do lt lt, trong s hu ht l hc sinh.
- X c nhng bin php ng ph vi ri ro thin tai nh tuyn truyn cho ngi dn
ch ng phng trnh l, c h thng truyn thanh thng bo cho ngi dn vng trng khi
c l, ngp lt, vn ng ngi dn lm b, thuyn Tuy nhin cc bin php ny thng
khng a li hiu qu cao a hnh thp trng, tuyn ng lin xm, lin x nh nn dn
thng xuyn ri vo b ng khi c ngp lt.
- Nhm ngi hng li l ton b b con cc xm min ni ni cha ma lt, cha
nng hn. Nhm ngi b nh hng khng c (theo kin ca UBND x, nu cn
thm t, dn sn sng hin t lm ng, lm ).
- a phng hon ton ng h d n, khng c yu cu bi thng, n b do d n s
to iu kin thun li hn cho giao thng trong khi b ngp lt, c bit l cc x min
ni, gim thit hi v ngi v ca, bo v ma mng, cc em nh khng phi chu ri ro
nh cht do l lt, hc sinh khng phi ngh hc ngy l
UBND x Thanh Lng (20/6/2011)
nh gi mi trng

43
K chng xi l sng V l nguyn vng v yu cu cp thit ca ngi dn a
phng.
Trong nhng nm gn y b sng V on t sui Cu Lim (Hnh Tn ng) n Ca L
(c Li) thng xuyn b st l mi khi c l xy ra, tc xi l din ra ngy cng
mnh.Vic xi l lm thay i hnh thi sng nhiu on, c bit vic xi l b sng
gy mt rt nhiu t canh tc, t , e da trc tip n an ton dn sinh, c s h tng (
ng giao thng, trng hc...) . Nhiu h gia nh mt nh ca, mt s khu dn c
thng xuyn phi di di trnh l, nhiu vng t sn xut b thu hp.
Chi cc Thy Li Qung Ngi, 7/2011
X Ngha Hip l mt trong nhng x chu nh hng ln nht t vic xi l b sng V.
Mi nm xi t 5-10m, c bit c nhng on xi 20 m. Tnh hnh xi l b sng em li
rt nhiu bc xc cho ngi dn nn a phng mong mun c u t nng cp tuyn
, m bo an ton dn sinh trc thin tai v gi t sinh hot cho ngi dn ven sng.
Vic n b ca d n ch yu l hoa mu ca ngi dn. Mt s h dn sn sng hin t
thc hin d n.
UBND x Ngha Hip, huyn T Ngha, tnh Bnh nh, 7/2011

5.1.3. To iu kin pht trin kinh t x hi
Mt trong nhng tc ng tch cc quan trng na ca d n WB5 l to iu kin
thun li hn trong vic pht trin kinh t - x hi khu vc min Trung, c bit l khu vc
thp, trng ven sng hoc ca sng. Theo bo co nh gi x hi ca d n WB5, d n bo
v khong gn 50 ngn hecta t sn xut khng phi chu l lt v hn hn hng nm. Nhm
tiu d n nng cp , k, h cha s c tc ng gi t hoc tng din tch v nng sut sn
xut nng nghip, tng thu nhp v c hi sinh k, khi phc nhanh hn sn xut v i sng
trong khu vc b nh hng thin tai. Nhm tiu d n nng cp ng cu h cu nn s tng
cng hot ng giao thng phc v cu h cu nn v hot ng giao thng gia x, huyn.
Nhm tiu d n nng cp khu neo u trnh tr bo s gp phn lm tng nng sut nh bt
thy hi sn v cng y mnh hot ng giao thng gia cc tnh. Ngoi ra qu trnh nng
cp cc c s h tng phng chng thin tai c th to thm nhiu vic lm cho lao ng ph
thng vng d n, gp phn gim ngho v tng thm kh nng hi phc sinh k sau thin tai
xy ra trong nhng nm qua. Vic pht trin kinh t x hi li c tc ng tng cng nng lc
v vt lc chng chu cng nh hi phc sau thin tai ca cng ng. ng thi, c s h tng
vng d n s c bo v v to iu kin thun li cho mi trng u t.
Tc ng tch cc ca tiu d n Sa cha, nng cp h cha nc Thch Bn, x Duy
Ph, huyn Duy Xuyn, tnh Qung Nam
H cha nc Thch Bn c xy dng t nm 1984 v hon thnh vo nm 1985, trn c
s nng cp, m rng quy m ti t cng trnh c ca ngi Php li. Theo thit k cng
trnh c nhim v ti nc 890 ha t sn xut nng nghip ca 03 x Duy Ph, Duy Tn v
Duy Thu. Hin nay, cng trnh ch phc v ti cho 740ha (t 83% thit k) v ang b
nh gi mi trng

44
xung cp. Vic sa cha nng cp h cha nc Thch Bn l rt cn thit nhm m bo
an ton cho cng trnh v lu di, trnh khi nhng nguy c c th xy ra cho cc hng mc
chnh ca cng trnh; m bo vn an ton phng l cho tnh mng v ti sn ca nhn dn
vng h lu cng trnh; m bo vic cung cp nc ti ch ng cho ton b din tch
vng hng li, nng cao nng sut cy trng, qua nng cao mc sng ca nhn dn trong
vng, m bo v vn an ninh lng thc; khai thc ton din c din tch t canh tc,
chng trnh trng lng ph v hoang ha t sn xut nng nghip; ci to mi trng cho
vng lng h cng nh vng d n, gp phn to cnh quan xanh cho mi trng; nng cao
nng sut v quy m ngnh nui trng thy sn, kt hp du lch sinh thi, em li s pht
trin bn vng; gp phn to iu kin giao thng nng thn cho vic pht trin kinh t, nht
l vo nhng ma ma l.
Bo co xut tiu d n tham gia d n WB5 ca thnh ph Nng

5.1.3 Nng cao nhn thc ca cng ng v nng lc qun l ri ro ca cc cp
Kt qu iu tra, tham vn cho thy mt s a phng cn kh b ng trong cng tc
phng chng l lt, c bit l ti cp lng, x. Cc nhn thc v ri ro thin tai cng cha tt
v cng tc tuyn truyn v phng, chng lt bo cha c quan tm ng mc.
Hin trng nhn thc ca cng ng v nng lc qun l thin tai.
Cng tc tuyn truyn, gio dc, nng cao thc ca cng ng dn c trong cng tc
phng, chng lt bo cha c quan tm ng mc nn thc ca mt s b phn cn b
v nhn dn v thin tai v cng tc phng trnh cha cao; k nng ng ph vi thin tai cn
nhiu hn ch, do xy ra nhng thit hi, mt mt khng ng c v ngi v ti sn.
Bo co tng kt cng tc PCBL nm 2010 huyn Lc h, H Tnh

Thng qua cc hot ng ca mnh, d n WB5 s gip nhn dn cc tnh nng cao
nhn thc v cc ri ro thin tai cng nh nng lc qun l ri ro da vo cng ng. Vic
nng cao nhn thc cng ng v phng chng thin tai s gip cho ngi dn v cng ng
thay i thi v hnh vi trong vic ng ph vi bin i kh hu, c bit l vi mi
trng. C th l, thay i thi , hnh vi trong vic s dng v bo v ti nguyn rng (u
ngun v phng h), ti nguyn nc, bo v iu, k, p; ch ng ng ph vi thin tai;
huy ng ni lc, cu h v gip ln nhau trong thin tai v trong ti thit sau thin tai
5.1.4. Ci thin v nng cao cht lng mi trng sng
Do c im cc sng min Trung l ngn v dc nn trong ma l, dng chy sng
kh ln lm cho tnh trng xi l b sng xy ra thng xuyn hn. iu ny c th d
dng nhn ra ti cc lu vc sng min Trung nh sng Cu Chy (on chy qua huyn Yn
nh Thanh Ha), sng C (khu vc huyn Anh Sn Ngh An), sng Thu Bn (khu vc
huyn Duy Xuyn Qung Nam), sng Kone (on chy qua huyn An Nhn v Tuy
Phc), sng Dinh (on chy qua thnh ph Phan Rang Ninh Thun, Qu trnh xi l b
sng lm cho hm lng cht rn l lng trong nc sng tng ln v nh hng kh nhiu
n cht lng nc sinh hot ca ngi dn ven sng. y cng l phn nh ca nhiu Chi
nh gi mi trng

45
cc Bo v Mi trng cc tnh tham gia d n. Nhm tiu d n nng cp k s lm hn
ch qu trnh xi l b sng, t ci thin cht lng nc sng, c bit vi thng s cht
rn l lng.
Cc hot ng ca d n WB5 s lm hn ch tnh trng ngp lt hin ang xy ra
hng nm ti cc tnh min Trung hay nhng thit hi do m, chm thuyn ti cc khu vc
ca sng. iu ny s c tc ng tch cc lm gim tnh trng suy gim cht lng mi
trng sau l bo v tng cht lng mi trng sng ca ngi dn.
Tnh hnh ri ro thin tai v tc ng tch cc ca d n WB5 i vi H Tnh
- Ri ro thin tai i vi H Tnh ch yu l bo, l. Thit hi do bo l hng nm kh ln, v d
nh nm 2007, thit hi do l, bo i vi huyn Hng Kh l lm 29 ngi cht, 44 ngi b
thng, tng thit hi v ti sn l 1.001 t ng. L lch s nm 2010 lm 54 ngi cht v
c tnh tng thit hi l 6.400 t ng. Ngoi thit hi v ngi v ti sn, l bo cn gy ra
nhng thit hi rt ln v mi trng.
- D n WB5 s gip cho H Tnh nng cao nng lc phng chng bo l, gim thit hi v
ngi v ti sn, c bit gim thit hi v sc khe con ngi v cht lng mi trng do
sau ngp lt, nc sinh hot ca ngi dn thng b nhim, dch bnh gia tng (nh au
mt , da liu, ph, tiu chy), cnh quan mi trng gim st nghim trng (rc thi, bn
ly, xc ng vt, thc vt, tu m ), mi hi thi khp ni
Chi cc Qun l iu v PCBL H Tnh, 21/6/2011

5.2. Nhn din cc tc ng tiu cc
5.2.1 Loi hnh v phm vi ca cc tc ng tiu cc
Cc tc ng tiu cc tim n ca D n ch yu gy ra do thu hi t, ti nh c v
hot ng thi cng xy dng ca hp phn 4. Loi hnh v phm vi ca cc tc ng tiu cc
tim n ca d n c tm tt trong bng sau y. Nhng tc ng ny c phn tch
cc mc 5.2.2 n 5.2.6 v cc phn 5.3 - 5.4. Ph lc 5 tm tt kt qu sng lc mi trng
cho cc TDA xut. Phn 5.5 a ra so snh trong trng hp c v khng c d n.
Bng 5.1. Xc nh cc tc ng tiu cc tim n
STT Tc ng tiu cc Phm vi Gii thch
1 Thu hi t v ti
nh c i vi
ngi dn a
phng, trong
c ngi DTTS
Trung bnh
Tm thi
Cc b
C th n b
v gim thiu
Cc cng trnh ca d n cn phi m bo
trnh hoc gim thiu vic thu hi t v ti
nh c, cc hng mc u t ch yu l
kin c ha, nng cp v ci to cc cng
trnh hin ti, khng phi l xy dng mi.
Do , tc ng tiu cc ny c d on
l khng ln.
2 Tc ng n nhm
ngi dn tc thiu
s, ngi bn a
Nh
Tm thi
Cc b
C th n b
Trong vng d n c khong 25 nhm
ngi dn tc thiu s. Tuy nhin, D n
ch nh hng n mt s ngi thuc 5
nhm ngi dn tc thiu s l Chm, Thi,
nh gi mi trng

46
v gim thiu C Tu, Hre
3 Tc ng i vi
cc ti sn vn ha
vt th
Nh
Tm thi
Cc b
C th gim
thiu
Cc TDA xut c a im cch xa cc
khu di tch lch s hoc kho c, v do
khng nh hng n cc ti nguyn vn
ha vt th c cng nhn.
Tuy nhin, 1 s vn ha vt th quan trng
c th c pht hin trong qu trnh thi
cng TDA. Mt s cng trnh m m phi
di di khi cc khu vc thi cng.
4 Tc ng n mi
trng sng t
nhin v.hoc rng
Khng c tc
ng xu
Cc TDA xut cch kh xa cc khu vc
ny
6) 5 7) Ri ro bom mn
cha n
Nh
Tm thi
Cc b
C th gim
thiu
Mt s khu vc TDA pht hin nguy c
bom mn cha n
6 Suy gim cht
lng mi trng
v cc vn x
hi
Trung bnh
Tm thi
Cc b
C th gim
thiu
Cc hot ng thi cng c th gy nhim
khng kh v/hoc ngun nc, ting n,
xi mn t
Cc hot ng thi cng c th gy ra cc
nguy c v sc khe cng ng, xung t
v x hi hoc cn tr cng vic kinh doanh
v cc hot ng kinh t ca a phng,
7 C th gy suy
gim cht lng
t, nc do hot
ng no vt v
bn no vt
Trung bnh
Tm thi
Cc b
C th gim
thiu
Ba TDA lin quan n no vt. Cc hot
ng ca ba TDA ny s tc ng n cht
lng t, nc do no vt v bn no
vt trong qu trnh thi cng
8 Ri ro lin quan
n an ton p
hoc /k trong
qu trnh vn hnh
Nh v c th
gim thiu
Vic m rng/xy mi p trn c th gy
ngp h lu. Cn thit cnh bo cho dn
sng pha h lu p.
Mc d nguy c mt an ton p, , k l
nh nhng nu nguy c ny xy ra th hu
qu rt ln v lin quan n tnh mng ngi
dn v ti sn
9 Nguy c v xung
t v s dng t,
nc
Rt nh v c
th gim thiu
Hu ht cc TDA khng lin quan n vn
hnh ca cng
10 Nguy c xi l b
bin v/hoc vn
cht lng nc
xung quanh khu
vc TDA trong qu
trnh vn hnh
Nh v c th
gim thiu
C 3 TDA lin quan n no vt v xy
dng chn sng v k bo v b ca
sng. Do vy s c nguy c xi l b bin
v/hoc vn cht lng nc xung quanh
khu vc TDA trong qu trnh vn hnh
5.2.2 Cc tc ng tiu cc do thu hi t v ti nh c
Trong giai on chun b d n, kh c th c tnh c s ngi cn ti nh c v
din tch t thu hi do thit k k thut ca d n cha c lp v mt s TDA cha c
nh gi mi trng

47
xc nh mt cch c th. Tuy nhin, cc cng trnh ca d n bt buc phi m bo trnh
hoc gim thiu vic thu hi t v ti nh c, v cc hng mc u t ch yu l kin c
ha, nng cp v ci to cc cng trnh iu, h p hin ti ang b xung cp, khng phi
l xy dng mi. Do , cc tc ng t vic thu hi t v ti nh c ca d n s c
gim thiu mt cch ng k.
Cc kt qu nh gi tc ng x hi ch ra rng d n s tc ng n ba nhm ngi
b nh hng chnh, bao gm nhm ngi lm nng (chim a s, hn 80% tng cc nhm
ngi b nh hng), nhm kinh doanh v dch v, v nhm lm cng n lng trong cc c
quan qun l, cng ty v nh my. Trong s ba nhm ny, sinh k v thu nhp ca cc nhm
lm nng v kinh doanh s b nh hng do mt phn t sn xut s b thu hi hoc cng
vic kinh doanh s b ngng tr trong qu trnh xy dng. Nhm lm cng n lng s khng
chu cc tc ng ny. Cc nhm ngi b nh hng s c n b.
Mc d vic tin hnh d n c th nh hng n mt s h gia nh nhng hu ht
nhng trng hp lin quan n bi thng n thu hi t hn l ti nh c. Tc ng lin
quan n thu hi t v ti nh c ca cc TDA nm u c trnh by trong Bng 5.2. Su
TDA nm u lin quan n thu hi t ca 1.284 h gia nh, tuy nhin ch c 1 h s ti
nh c n khu vc mi v 3 h s phi c di di ti a im khc nhng vn thuc phm
vi khu vc dn c c. Nn ch rng nhiu ngi dn b nh hng tnh nguyn hin t cho
d n nh ngi dn x Yn nh tnh Thanh Ha, x Thanh Lng tnh Ngh An, x c
Li Qung Ngi, x Phc Lc tnh Bnh nh, S c hng ngn hc-ta t tm thi b
thu hi dnh cho cc cng trng thi cng. Tc ng ca vic thu hi t tm thi c th
c gim thiu bng cch khi phc cnh quan li nh c sau khi kt thc vic s dng.
Bng 5.2 Tc ng lin quan n thu hi t v ti nh c ca cc TDA nm u
Tng s h b
nh hng
Din tch
t thu hi
vnh vin
(m2)
Din tch
t thu hi
tm thi
(m2)
S m m
di chuyn
Ghi ch
I. Thanh Ha
1. Tu b, nng cp v x l
cc im trng yu t sng
Cu Chy (on t K0-K42).
697 h vnh
vin + 84 h
+ 07 UBND
tm thi
147,337 537,673 3
42,000 m
; 11 x,
1 huyn
II. Ngh An
2. Cu kt hp trn ni ng
cu h ca nn x Nghi Thi
huyn Nghi Lc v x Hng
Ha thnh ph Vinh
5 h tm thi 0 200 0
1,020 m; 2
x, 2
districts
3. Nng cp tuyn Lng
Yn Khai, Thanh Chng
83 h vnh
vin
13,300 0 1
2,870 m
; 2 x ti
1 huyn
III. H Tnh
- 335 h vnh 91,402 0 0 11,410 m;
nh gi mi trng

48
- , huyn Cm
Xuyn
vin 4 x trong
1 huyn
VII. Qung Nam
5. Sa cha nng cp h cha
nc Thch Bn, huyn Duy
Xuyn
7 h tm thi 0 20,000 0
1 x
X. Bnh nh
6. Nng cp k chng xi l
b sng Kone m bo an
ton, huyn An Nhn v Tuy
Phc
73 (c 10 h
va nh
hng vnh
vin va tm
thi)
9,156 1,037 18
5,800 m; 4
x ti 2
huyn
Tng cng 1,294 h
(1,188 h
vnh vin +
106 h + 7
UBND BAH
tm thi)
261,195 558,910 22

5.2.3. Cc tc ng tiu cc i vi ngi dn tc thiu s
D n s thu hi t ca mt s h gia nh, trong c ngi dn tc thiu s thuc
cc nhm ngi Mng Thanh Ha, Thi Thanh Ha v Ngh An, Chm Ninh Thun,
v Hr Qung Ngi. Tuy nhin, cc tc ng ny c nh gi l nh, cc b, tm thi do
cc yu cu cht ch v la chn cc cng trnh v gii php k thut ca D n, v d nh
phi gim ti a vic thu hi t v ti sn ca ngi dn a phng. Theo bo co KHT ca
cc TDA nm u, c khong 1.284 h gia nh (vi khong 5.525 ngi) b nh hng t
D n (Bng 5.2) nhng ch mt s t ngi trong s h l ngi dn tc thiu s.
5.2.4. Cc tc ng tiu cc i vi vn ha vt th
Cc ti sn vn ha vt th c nh ngha l cc vt th di di hoc khng di di,
cc a im, kt cu, nhm kt cu v nhng c im t nhin v cnh quan t nhin c gi
tr v kho c, sinh vt c, lch s, kin trc, tn gio, thm m hoc gi tr vn ho khc. Cc
ti sn vn ha vt th c th nm khu vc nng thn hoc thnh th, v c th trn hoc
di mt t, hoc di nc.
Trong khu vc d n c 8 khu vc vn ha vt th. Tuy nhin, hu ht cc TDA xut
u c a im cch kh xa cc khu vc ny (xem Ph lc 5, bng 5.2). Ch mt TDA Thanh
Ha l c a im gn n B Triu, cch 1km. TDA ny nhm sa cha cc im yu ca tuyn
ai hin ti. Do , c th xem cc tc ng ca TDA ny n n B Triu l khng ng k.
Nn ch rng, mc d d n c nh gi l khng nh hng n cc ti sn vn
ha vt th c cng nhn, cc ti sn vn ha vt th quan trng v cha c khi phc c
th s c pht hin trong qu trnh xy dng TDA. Mt s cng trnh m m c th phi di
nh gi mi trng

49
di khi cc khu vc thi cng, chng hn nh trong TDA Tu b, nng cp v x l cc im
trng yu t sng Cu Chy (on t K0-K42). Tnh Thanh Ha.
Vic di di m m s c thc hin bi cc h gia nh c m m b nh hng (theo
thng l Vit Nam). Cc nghi l di di m m c th c nhng nt khc bit trong nhm
ngi Kinh v cc nhm dn tc thiu s. Cc h b nh hng s c thanh ton tin n b
thc hin di di m m ca gia nh. Thanh ton chi ph di di m m bao gm chi ph
o, di m, chn ct li, mua t chn ct (nu c), v tt c cc chi ph hp l khc lin
quan n cc nghi l cn thit theo phong tc a phng. Nghi thc a phng c ngha l
vic di di m m s c thc hin theo phong tc vn ha bn a, trong c tnh n cc
tp tc vn ha in hnh cho tng nhm dn tc. Khi m m ca ngi dn tc thiu s b
nh hng, cc nghi l di di m m c p dng s c ghi li trong K hoch Pht trin
Dn tc Thiu s (EMDP) tng ng, trn c s tham vn vi cc nhm dn tc thiu s b
nh hng trong qu trnh thc hin d n. Trong trng hp cc khu ngha a thuc s hu
tp th ca ngi dn tc thiu s b nh hng, qu trnh tham vn cc nhm b nh hng s
c thc hin mt cch hp l trong qu trnh nh gi x hi ca tiu d n tng ng
nhm tm ra cc gii php c th chp nhn c i vi cc nhm dn tc thiu s. Vic di
di m m s c tin hnh theo ng nguyn vng ca cc h gia nh b nh hng trc
khi bt u qu trnh xy dng.
5.2.5. Cc tc ng tiu cc i vi mi trng sng t nhin v/hoc rng
Trong khu vc d n c 10 khu bo tn thin nhin, khu vc c bo v hoc rng
phng h. Tuy nhin, hu ht cc TDA u khng nm gn cc khu vc ny (xem Ph lc 3
v Ph lc 5, bng 5.2). V tr nhng khu vc ny c cp Chng 4 v nhng thng
tin chi tit c trnh by Ph lc 3
TDA Sa cha nng cp an ton h cha nc Chn Sn, huyn i Lc, tnh
Qung nam v Nng cp m bo an ton cho cm 4 h cha: Trc ng, H Cau, Hc
Kh, Trng Loan, TP Nng nm cch Vn quc gia B N Ni Cha ln lt 0.5km
v 1km. Tuy nhin, tt c cc h cha u ch c quy m nh vi dung tch t 300.000m
3
n
2.000.000 m
3
. Do quy m thi cng nh nn c th xem vic thc hin hai TDA ny s khng
gy ra cc tc ng ln n Vng quc gia B N Ni Cha, tng t nh TDA Nng
cp, sa cha cu vt l thuc cm ng CHCN khu ng Tuy Phc - An Nhn - Ph
Ct, Bnh nh cch m ly Thi Ni 1km.
Do , c th d on rng D n s khng gy ra tc ng tiu cc no n mi
trng sng t nhin v/hoc rng.
5.2.6. Cc tc ng tiu cc tch ly ca d n
Nh nhn din trn, d n s khng tc ng n cc khu bo tn, rng t nhin v
cc khu vc c ti nguyn vn ha vt th. Tc ng t qu trnh thu hi t v ti nh c c
mc trung bnh. Tc ng tiu cc lm suy gim cht lng mi trng trong giai on thi
cng c nh gi mc trung bnh v c th gim thiu bng nhng bin php qun l
thch hp. Ngoi ra, trong khu vc ca thc hin cc TDA khng c mt d n hay hot ng
nh gi mi trng

50
thi cng no khc c nh hng ln n mi trng. Do vy, c th thy rng tc ng tiu
cc tch ly ca D n khng ng k. Tuy nhin, hai vn sau y cn c ch :
(i) i sng ca cc h ti nh c khng n nh sau khi thc hin d n: khi phi
chuyn n nhng ni mi, cc h ti nh c phi bt u mt cuc sng mi hon
ton v c th xa l vi h. Cc h ti nh c c th khng thch nghi v ha nhp vo vi
cng ng mi hoc mi trng sng, iu kin sng mi (y t, gio dc, cp thot nc,
giao thng). Kh nhiu h dn ti nh c l h ngho v c th c ngi dn tc thiu
s. Nu cc chng trnh v k hoch ti nh c khng hiu qu hoc khng y , cuc
sng ca ngi dn ti c s dn tr nn kh khn hoc ngho i hn trc v s chu
thit hi nhiu hn nu c thin tai xy ra. V nhu cu cuc sng, nhng ngi ny c th
s ph rng hoc cc khu bo tn, xm ln hnh lang an ton k trng cy, thu lm
ng, thc vt Cui cng ri ro thin tai li xy ra vi h v cc nhm cuc ng khc.
Tuy vy, tc ng tch ly ny ch l rt nh v s h ti nh c ca d n khng nhiu.
(ii) Suy gim mi trng t nhin ven bin: Tc ng tiu cc tch ly ny ch xy ra vi
3 tiu d n nng cp cng/khu neo u trnh tr bo. Trong qu trnh vn hnh tiu d
n, lng tu thuyn ra vo qua cng/khu neo u nhiu hn trc. Cht lng nc vng
ca sng s c nguy c suy gim do b c ha, nhim do du r r hoc cht thi (rn
v lng) t tu thuyn, t khu hu cn ngh c Kt qu l h sinh thi ca sng s b
nh hng trc tip v sau l h sinh thi ven bin. Cn ch rng h sinh thi ven
bin (rng ngp mn, san h, c bin) l nhng cng trnh mm c tc ng chn sng,
gi bo nh hng trc tip n cc vng t ven bin. Khi cc h sinh thi ny mt i,
tc ng ca gi, bo n khu vc ca sng, ven bin s tng ln gp bi v thit hi s
ln hn. C ba ca sng c tiu d n WB5, bao gm sng C, sng Nht L v sng V
u c h sinh thi rng ngp mn. Tc ng ny c coi l rt nh nu cc chng trnh
qun l mi trng ca cc tiu d n c thc hin mt cch hiu qu.
5.3 nh gi tc ng mi trng giai on chun b v thi cng
Phn ny phn tch cc loi hnh v tnh cht ca cc tc ng tiu cc n mi trng
t nhin v sinh thi theo bn loi hnh TDA v cc thng tin trong thit k kh thi ca cc
TDA nm u. Kt qu phn tch trong phn ny cho thy rng cc tc ng trong qu trnh
gii phng mt bng v thi cng cc TDA xut c mc nh n trung bnh, cc b, tm
thi v c th gim thiu thng qua vic qun l, gim st cht ch cc nh thu v thc hin
tt cc bin php gim thiu trong Chng 6
5.3.1. Nhm TDA nng cp k
Hot ng gii phng mt bng
Trong qu trnh gii phng mt bng ca cc tiu d n xy dng nng cp , k, s
c mt s cng trnh nm st tuyn nng cp, tuyn k st l s b di di (3 nh dn b di
di trong TDA Nng cp Phc Long Nhng tnh H Tnh), mt s din tch hoa mu, cy
ci nm st cc tuyn s b gii phng (khong 118.119m
2
t nng nghip v 418m
2
t
vn b thu hi khi trin khai tiu d n nng cp tuyn T Cu Chy, tnh Thanh Ha;
nh gi mi trng

51
59.488m
2
din tch t nng nghip b nh hng v 13.798m
2
t vn b gii phng khi
nng cp tuyn Lng Yn Khai, tnh Ngh An v.v..).
Hot ng ph d cng trnh, ph d b k c, ph d nh tm v.v.. s lm pht sinh
rc thi, tranh tre, tn c v cc cht bn, bn t, cng nh lm pht sinh mi u tp,
nc thi. Hot ng cht ph thm thc vt (tre, keo; ma; bch n, x c,...) s lm pht
sinh cc loi cht thi rn, thn, cnh, l cy. Tuy nhin, lng g, cnh cy, l cy pht sinh
s c ngi dn tn dng lm nhin liu un nu v xy dng. V vy, mc tc ng do
hot ng gii phng mt bng phc v cc tiu d n nng cp , k c nh gi l
khng ln nhng phi c k hoch c th gim thiu.
Tc ng ti mi trng khng kh
Hot ng o p nng cp cc tuyn (hn 1 triu m
3
t o p cho tiu d n
T Cu Chy, tnh Thanh Ha; 186.314,98 m
3
t p cc loi cho tiu d n nng cp
Lng Yn Khai, Ngh An) s lm pht sinh mt lng bi ng k (theo WHO, h s pht
sinh bi l 0,1-1 g/m
3
), tc ng lm suy gim cht lng mi trng khng kh.
Hot ng ca cc phng tin vn chuyn t ct, nguyn vt liu xy dng, hot
ng ca cc loi my mc thi cng trn cng trng v.v.. s lm pht sinh cc loi kh thi
vo mi trng khng kh. Ti lng kh pht thi ty thuc vo s lng phng tin thi
cng, loi my mc v phng thc thi cng. Phm vi tc ng dc cc tuyn ng vn
chuyn v dc tuyn , k thi cng nng cp.
Tc ng ti mi trng nc
Hot ng o p t ct, gia c cc tuyn v xy dng cc tuyn k sng s c tc ng
ti cht lng nc sng, lm tng c nc sng ti cc on thi cng, c bit l vo
ma ma, t b st l xung lng sng ln.
Hot ng vn chuyn t o p, nguyn vt liu xy dng s lm ri vi t ct
trn mt ng. Cc kho bi cha nguyn vt liu xy dng v cc hot ng thi cng trn
cng trng cng lm pht sinh mt s loi cht thi rn, du m thi. Cc loi cht thi ny
c th b cun theo nc ma chy trn, chy xung cc thy vc ln cn, lm tng c,
tc ng ti h sinh thi thy sinh.
Nc thi sinh hot, nc thi t cc nh v sinh t cc khu ln tri ca cng nhn thi
cng cng l ngun tc ng ti mi trng nc nu khng c x l s b trc khi thi
ra mi trng tip nhn.
Cc tc ng ca m v h khai thc t
Cc m khai thc t s c dng cung cp vt liu cho hot ng xy dng
ca cc tiu d n. Do cc m khai thc thng mi ny c chnh quyn a phng cp
php v phi tun th cc quy nh v bo v mi trng ca chnh ph nn cc tc ng ca
chng gy ra i vi mi trng d kin l khng ln.
Cc tiu d n nng cp k s bao gm vic m cc h khai thc t mi
phc v cng tc xy dng, chng hn nh hot ng p k. iu ny s gy ra cc tc
ng i vi mi trng, gm c: mt lp t b mt gy nh hng ti t sn xut, nn t
nh gi mi trng

52
khng n nh do o p khng ng cch, gy l t hoc xi mn; thi bn t ra cc
ng nc, rung, cng thot nc, v cc knh mng ti tiu; ting n v chn ng; kh
thi gy nh hng ti sc khe; gy xo trn hoc thit hi ti cc ti sn vn ha vt th;
thit hi i vi t nng nghip v thm thc vt bn a; nh hng ti cnh quan. Cc bin
php gim thiu lin quan trong qu trnh xy dng v vn hnh cng nh cc yu cu v
cng b thng tin ca cc m v h khai thc t ny c th c thc hin bng cch p
dng cc bin php gim thiu trnh by trong cc Quy tc Mi trng Thc tin (ECOP)
(Ph lc 1, Mc V, 5.4)
Tc ng ti h sinh thi
Trong qu trnh nng cp cc tuyn v xy dng cc tuyn k trn sng s c cc
hot ng nh o bt t, th bao ti ct, r xung sng v.v.., lm nhim mi trng
nc sng, tc ng ti ng vt y sng. Tuy nhin, tc ng ny ch tn ti trong thi gian
ng n h n h sinh thi thy sinh.
Tc ng ti tnh hnh kinh t, x hi
S c mt ca cc tiu d n nng cp , k s thc y cc hot ng dch v a
phng, tng nhu cu v lng thc v thc phm, ko theo s tng gi cc mt hang ti
a phng.
Mt s cc tuyn c khi lng thi cng ln s i hi vic tp trung mt s
lng ln lao ng t ni khc ti, to nguy c gy xung t gia lc lng cng nhn v
ngi dn a phng.
Tc ng ti tnh hnh giao thng
Giao thng b: Hot ng vn chuyn t , nguyn vt liu phc v thi cng bng
ng b s lm gia tng mt phng tin v tng nguy c xy ra tai nn giao thng trn
cc tuyn ng vn chuyn. Ngoi ra, cc loi xe vn chuyn c trng ti ln cng s lm h
hng cc tuyn ng lin thn, lin x, nh hng ti hot ng i li ca ngi dn.
Giao thng thy: Vic tp trung cc phng tin phao, b, thuyn trn sng phc v
cng tc lm chn , chn k s chim dng tm thi mt din tch mt nc sng, lm thu
hp chiu rng ca tuyn vn ti sng, gy cn tr cho lu thng ca thuyn b. Tuy nhin,
tc ng ny ch xy ra giai on u thi k thi cng cc tuyn , k.
5.3.2. Nhm TDA nng cp p, h cha
Cc tiu d n ci to, nng cp h cha ch yu l nng cp, m bo an ton cho
cm cng trnh u mi (p t, trn x l, cng ly nc,). Din tch mt bng phi gii
phng l khng ln, ch c mt s t din tch cy lm nghip nh v cy bi; ao nui trng
thu sn gn tuyn p t, din tch nh trng cy nng nghip ca mt s h dn. Hot
ng gii phng mt bng ch yu l san lp, pht quang mt s din tch cy trng nh, tc
ng ch yu do nc ma chy trn, ko theo t , rc thi tc ng ti mi trng nc
thu vc ln cn v h cha.
nh gi mi trng

53
Tuy nhin, qu trnh thi cng s cn mt din tch cho khu tp kt my mc, thit
b, khu ln tri cho cng nhn. Din tch t b chim dng s c dn sch chun b
mt bng thi cng. Mt lng nh kh thi pht sinh t cc phng tin san i, san lp to
mt bng.
Trong hot ng thi cng, cc thit b nh: my m t, my ng cc, my i, xe ti
c ln... u c s dng. Hot ng ca cc loi my mc ny s thi vo khng kh mt
lng kh thi. Tu thuc vo c tnh ca tng thit b v phng thc vn chuyn, vn hnh
m mc pht thi khc nhau.
Hot ng vn chuyn nguyn vt liu cho hot ng gia c p l ngun tc ng
chnh ti mi trng khng kh. Da theo d kin ngun nguyn vt liu xy dng m ch
yu l t dng p p ca cc tiu d n, lng nguyn vt liu ny mt phn c khai
thc ti ch, mt phn khc c vn chuyn t ni khc n bng ng b. Cc phng
tin vn ti b vn chuyn t ct t bi vt liu, i trong trong bn knh di 15 km. V vy,
phm vi tc ng l dc theo tuyn ng vn chuyn. Tuy nhin, do cc khu vc h cha
u nm cc khu vc xa khu dn c nn tc ng do nhim bi v kh thi ti cc ngi
dn khu vc c gim thiu ng k.
Tc ng ti mi trng nc
Trong qu trnh thi cng s pht sinh cc loi nc thi nh nc thi sinh hot, nc
thi xy dng. Ngoi ra, nc ma chy trn cng s cun theo t v cc cht bn trn b
mt chy xung, nh hng n cht lng nc mt cc thy vc ln cn. Lng cht
nhim trong nc thi chy vo cc h cha s tc ng khng ng k ti cht lng nc
h do cc h c dung tch ln nn nng cc cht c trong nc thi b pha long. Tuy
nhin, hot ng p t gia c chn p, thn p s tc ng cc b ti cht lng mi
trng nc vng h cha khu vc gn vi p. t b ri s b cun tri xung h, lm
tng c, tng hm lng cc cht rn l lng trong nc.
Tc ng ti h sinh thi
Hot ng ca my mc, thit b, phng tin thi cng s lm pht sinh ting n, nh
hng ti hot ng v tp tnh sinh hot ca cc loi ng vt sinh sng gn khu vc cng
trnh. Cc loi th ln c vng hot ng rng, di chuyn nhanh, phn ng nhy cm vi cc
tc ng quy nhiu, phn b gn khu vc cng trng s di chuyn n nhng khu rng xa,
yn tnh trn ni cao sinh sng. Cc loi sng gn khu vc dn c nh cc loi nai, hong,
ln rng, lc u chng s di chuyn ra xa khu vc cng trnh, thng tm n nhng vng
ni thp vng v sinh sng ri sau chng quay tr li nhng vt rng, nng ry gn cng
trnh hot ng kim n. Nhng loi th nh, chim, b st ch di chuyn khi khu vc ngp
nc hoc tn ra khu vc cch cng trnh khng xa sinh sng.
Ngoi ra, phc v nhu cu sinh hot cho cng nhn thi cng, cc dch v kinh
doanh trong c dch v n ung s pht trin v khng th trnh khi kinh doanh cc mn
n c sn t cc loi th rng. Th trng tiu th cc sn phm hot ng, ng vt hoang
d s m rng hn s khuyn khch ngi dn trong khu vc vo sn bn cc loi ng vt
nh gi mi trng

54
rng p ng nhu cu s dng. Tuy nhin, ch thu xy dng cn c bin php gio dc
thc bo v rng ca cng nhn tham gia thi cng.
Tc ng ti tnh hnh kinh t, x hi
Trong qu trnh xy dng nng cp cc cng trnh ca h, n v thi cng c th tin
hnh cng tc chn dng nc chy xung h lu. iu s dn n vic mt nc tm thi
cho cc vng canh tc pha h lu, nh hng n sinh hot v sn xut ca ngi dn vng
hng li.
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng, s c mt s cc cng nhn cc vng khc n.
iu ny c th s tc ng n iu kin sinh hot hng ngy ca ngi dn a phng.
Mt lng ngi t a phng khc n sinh sng c th lm tng gi c sinh hot do tng
mc tiu th hng ha v cc nhu yu phm. Ngoi ra, cng c th xut hin cc xung t do
s khc nhau gia li sng v vn ha ca cng nhn t cc vng khc nhau n vi ngi
dn a phng. Bn cnh , s tp trung dn c s dn n s pht trin hot ng kinh
doanh, gii tr v c th dn ti cc t nn x hi nh c bc, ma ty, mi dm Tuy nhin,
do cc cng trnh nng cp h cha u c quy m nh, lng cng nhn n thi cng khng
qu ln nn c th nh gi v tng th th cc tc ng tiu cc ca cc tiu d n ny ln
cng ng dn c ln cn l khng ln, cn mt tch cc l to ra mc tiu dng ln, dn ti
thc y cc hot ng dch v khc v s lu thng hng ho ti a phng s tng ln. Do
, s phn no ci thin i sng, to iu kin cho kinh t- x hi khu vc pht trin.
5.3.3. Nhm nng cp ng cu h cu nn
Cc tc ng tiu cc ch yu trong hot ng gii phng mt bng tiu d n nng
cp ng cu h, cu nn bao gm cc tc ng do phi gii phng mt s din tch t
nng nghip (trng la, trng hoa mu) ca mt s h dn hai bn tuyn ng. Ngoi vic
to ra mt lng cht thi sinh hc (cy xanh), hot ng ny cn lm thay i mt phn cnh
quan t nhin trong khu vc (t c cy ci tr thnh t trng). Hot ng chun b mt bng
cng s bc i lp b mt, d gy xi mn do mt lp ph bo v, cht bn cun theo nc
ma chy trn v.v Tuy nhin, phm vi cc tc ng ny mang tnh cc b, tm thi.
Hot ng o p nn ng, san lp to mt bng, ti cc vng trng thp th cn
hot ng p t v tn nn v.v c nguy c lm pht sinh mt lng bi tng i ln.
nhim bi c nguy c tc ng ti cht lng khng kh. Tc ng ny s c cng hng
nu gp gi hoc ti nhng thi im hanh kh, bi s pht sinh nhiu v pht tn i xa nh
hng ti khu dn c ln cn, nh hng ti h sinh thi trong khu vc, c bit l bi nm
trn tn l nh hng ti qu trnh quang hp ca cy.
Vic vn hnh cc thit b my mc thi cng cng gy tc ng ti cht lng mi
trng khng kh do cc loi phng tin ny s dng xng hoc du DO lm nhin liu, to
ra cc loi kh thi t qu trnh t nh bi, CO, SO
2
, NO
2
, tng hydrocacbon (THC). Cc
cht ny c c tnh cao hn so vi bi mt t v c tc ng tiu cc ln sc khe cng
nhn thi cng trn cng trng v khu vc dn c gn khu vc thi cng. Qu trnh bc d
nh gi mi trng

55
nguyn vt liu xy dng (, ct, xi mng...) ti khu cha vt liu s gy ra nhim bi, c
bit l vo thi im c gi mnh.
i tng chu tc ng do bi, kh thi v ting n pht sinh t hot ng thi cng
tuyn ng l cng nhn thi cng, ngi dn tham gia giao thng v mt s h dn sng
xung quanh khu vc thi cng dc tuyn ng. Cc khu vc c mc nhim mi trng
khng kh ln l hai bn tuyn ng thi cng (phm vi tc ng trong bn knh 50m).
Tc ng ti mi trng nc
Trong giai on thi cng tuyn ng, ngun nc thi pht sinh ch yu l t nc
thi do hot ng thi cng tuyn ng v cc hng mc ph tr khc, nc thi sinh hot ca
cng nhn xy dng v nc ma chy trn. nhim vi sinh gy ra bi rc thi v nc thi
sinh hot t cc ln tri ca cng nhn thi cng hoc do s bin i ca dng chy do s xut
hin ca tuyn ng lm cho nc thi t cc khu dn c ln cn tt c u c thot
xung ngun nc gy nhim hu c v nhim vi sinh cho h thng nc mt.
Vic tp trung nguyn vt liu, my mc ti cc im tp kt cng s dn n vic cc
cht thi nguy hi t thit b my mc nh du, m,... thi ra sau theo nc ma trn chy
xung cc thy vc tip nhn gy nhim du m i vi ngun nc mt.
Do phm vi thi cng nh v s lng cng nhn thi cng t nn thy rng tc ng ny
l nh v c th gim thiu.
An ton giao thng v an ton lao ng
Qu trnh thi cng xy dng, nng cp cc tuyn ng cu h cu nn s s dng
nhiu loi phng tin giao thng c trng ti ln. Hot ng vn chuyn ny khng nhng
tng mt giao thng trn cc tuyn ng dn vo khu vc thi cng m cn c th gy nguy
him cho nhng ngi tham gia giao thng v dn c ven ng do bi, n v tai nn giao
thng. Ngoi ra, vic vn chuyn ca cc loi xe ny cn gy ra tnh trng ph hu cc tuyn
ng ny.
Trong qu trnh thi cng, hot ng ca cc my mc, thit b xy dng c th dn ti
tai nn lao ng ti khu vc thi cng nu ngi s dng v cng nhn ti cng trng khng
c hng dn v an ton v khng c trang thit b bo h lao ng ph hp.
5.3.4. Nhm no vt ca sng v nng cp cng trnh tr bo
Do c im ca cc TDA no vt ca sng nng cp cng v khu neo u trnh tr
bo l nm vng ca sng, ca bin, nm tng i xa so vi vng dn c sinh sng nn
cng tc gii phng mt bng khng ln, ch yu l pht quang mt s loi cy do ngi dn
t trng trn phn t bi bi. Tuy nhin, tc ng tiu cc khc trong giai on chun b ca
cc TDA no vt ca sng nng cp cng v khu neo u trnh tr bo l hot ng iu tra
kho st a cht, a hnh, khoan thm d. Hot ng ny cng s to nguy c gy nhim
mi trng khng kh, mi trng nc vng ca sng v ven bin v.v Cc tc ng ny
c nh gi l nh v c th gim thiu.
nh gi mi trng

56
Bn ct no vt c thc hin bng phng php ht bn. Bn ct c thi ln bi
thi bn ct qua ng ng hoc dng phng tin vn chuyn v bi thi. Hot ng ny
s lm pht tn bi v kh thi ra mi trng khng kh xung quanh. Ngun pht sinh ch yu
l do kh thi t phng tin no vt (NO
x
, CO, CO
2
, HC) v bn ct no vt gp gi v
khng kh kh s lm pht tn bi ct ra mi trng khng kh xung quanh. Tuy nhin, xung
quanh khu vc no vt l xa khu dn c (khong cch t khu no vt cng M ti khu dn
c gn nht l 800m), kh nng ng ha cht nhim l cao, do vy s t gy nh hng n
khu dn c khu vc. Cc yu t kh thi ny tc ng ch yu n cng nhn trc tip lao
ng mang tnh cc b v khng gian v tm thi trong thi gian xy dng, ch cn c cc
bin php gim thiu n gin.
Trong qu trnh thi bn ct y ln bi san lp cng s lm pht tn mt s loi kh
thi gy mi kh chu nh CH
4,
H
2
S t trm tch phn hy v xc sinh vt bin cht phn hy.
Tuy nhin, quanh khu vc cc bi thi bn ct, dn c tp trung tha tht. V vy, bi v kh
thi s b lng ng hoc pht tn nhanh chng ra mi trng khng kh v mc tc ng do
nhim mi trng khng kh ti ngi dn khu vc c nh gi l khng ln. Ngoi ra,
thnh phn trm tch y ch yu l ct si, v s, v c hn (vng ca St, H Tnh) v.v.... Do
vy, cc cht c kh nh CH
4,
H
2
S do phn hy vt liu no vt pht sinh l khng ln, t gy
mi kh chu. Ngoi ra, mc tc ng do mi s c gim thiu do vic pht tn nhanh vo
mt khng gian rng khu vc ca bin.
Tc ng ti mi trng nc
Hot ng no vt s lm nhim mi trng nc mt do vic lm xo trn cc lp
trm tch bn ct y, gia tng c v nng cc cht l lng trong mi trng nc ca
sng, ca bin. Ngoi ra, hot ng vn chuyn vt liu no vt v khu vc san lp v hot
ng vt liu no vt cng c nguy c gy nhim mi trng nc bin nh vic lm r
r vt liu no vt trong qu trnh vn chuyn; nc thi t vt liu no vt chy xung bin
trong qu trnh phun v vt liu no vt ln khu vc san lp; vic v b k bo v khu san
lp c th lm nc bn ct r r ra mi trng xung quanh v.v
Bi lng v xi l b bin
Hot ng no vt vng neo u khu trnh tr bo trong giai on thi cng xy dng s to
nguy c gy xi l b bin. Nguyn nhn ca hin tng xi l l do cc hot ng: (i) hot
ng no vt lm mt mt din tch bn ct, (ii) hot ng ca tu thuyn thng xuyn ra
vo khu vc thi cng gy sng ln; (iii) thm thc vt khu vc san lp b pht quang khng
cn kh nng gi t.
Tc ng ti hot ng nh bt hi sn
Hot ng no vt vng neo u, hot ng vn chuyn vt liu no vt bng ng
bin l cc hot ng c tc ng ti vic nh bt hi sn ca ngi dn. Tuy nhin, theo
kho st, khng c nhiu ng dn tham gia nh bt hi sn trong khu vc cng M , Qung
Ngi; ca sng Nht L, Qung Bnh; hay khu vc ca St, H Tnh, m ch yu ch c tu
thuyn neo u.
nh gi mi trng

57
Tc ng ti hot ng giao thng thy, giao thng b
Mt trong nhng vn pht sinh trong qu trnh no vt, thi cng xy dng cc hng
mc cng trnh ca cc tiu d n l gia tng lng giao thng trong khu vc. C hai loi hnh
hot ng giao thng l (1) giao thng ng b phc v cho cng tc xy dng cc hng
mc trn t lin (2) giao thng bng ng bin (l ch yu) vn chuyn cc loi nguyn vt
liu xy dng (, ct, xi mng), vn chuyn vt liu no vt, hot ng i li ca cc tu no
vt v lp t h thng bin bo tn hiu giao thng bin.
Hot ng giao thng ng b ch yu phc v cho vic vn chuyn vt liu xy
dng. Tuy nhin, theo kho st, lu lng giao thng hin nay trn tuyn ng vo cc khu
vc ca bin l khng ln. V vy, mc nh hng ti hot ng giao thng b t cc tiu
d n c hn ch.
Hot ng no vt, thi cng hng mc trn bin tc ng ng k ti tnh hnh giao
thng thy khu vc ca bin. Cc khu vc ca bin hin ang l khu vc c lu lng tu
thuyn ra vo trnh tr bo kh cao. V vy, vi vic gia tng lng tu thuyn phc v cho
hot ng no vt, xy dng hng mc cng trnh k chn sng s to nguy c i vi vn
v an ton giao thng trn bin khu vc. Ngoi ra, hot ng thi cng no vt, xy dng k
chn sng s c tc ng ti hot ng neo u ca tu thuyn khi vo trnh tr bo ca
ngi dn trong thi gian trin khai thi cng.
5.3.5. Cc cng trnh nh thuc hp phn 3
Cc hot ng ca Hp phn 3 s ch gii hn nhng cng trnh rt nh nh xy
dng hoc sa cha nh cng ng, nh kho, vn phng hoc trng hc vi mc ch s tn
dn trong trng hp cn cp. Mt vi tc ng tiu cc c th xy ra nh (i) xo trn cc khu
c tr t nhin hoc cng ng xung quanh do gii phng mt bng thi cng, (ii) ting n,
rung ng, bi, cn tr giao thng, cht thi trong qu trnh thi cng. Cc tc ng ca cc
hot ng ny c nh gi l rt nh v c th gim thiu.
5.4 nh gi tc ng mi trng giai on vn hnh
Tc ng chung trong giai on vn hnh ca D n l rt tch cc, tuy nhin c th
c mt s ri ro lin quan n an ton p, , k, xung t v s dng t, nc, xi l b
bin v vn cht lng nc trong thi im cc hn. Nhng ri ro trong qu trnh vn
hnh c phn tch sau y
Ri ro v p, , k: Trong cc TDA xut c 7 p ln theo tiu ch ca WB v
nhiu p nh cng vi , k. Tt c cc TDA lin quan n p, , k u c tp trung
nng cp hoc sa cha nng cao an ton ca cng trnh. Tuy nhin ri ro v p, ,
k vn c th xy ra trong qu trnh hot ng do: (1) nng lc thit k, thi cng v vn hnh
yu km, (2) thiu ngun ti chnh v (3) gim st vn hnh v kim tra an ton p khng
y . Kh nng xy ra ri ro ny c cho l kh thp nhng s li nhng hu qu kh
lng nu xy ra, c bit trong nhng iu kin cc hn.
Xung t trong s dng t, nc. Nguy c ny c th xy ra trong qu trnh vn
hnh D n nu nh cc ca van h cha sau khi c nng cp khng c vn hnh thch
nh gi mi trng

58
hp dn n ngp lt v nh hng n sinh hot v sn xut vng h du. Nguy c ny cng
c th xy ra i vi TDA nng cp . Khi h thng mt bn sng c nng cao trnh v
kin c ha, nc l s trn sang b kia sng gy ngp lt nng n hn v pht sinh nhng tc
ng tiu cc cho ngi dn v mi trng. Trng hp ny c th thy trong TDA Nng
cp b bc sng Dinh tnh Ninh Thun.

Nguy c xi l v vn cht lng nc vng ven bin: Trong hp phn 4 c 3 TDA lin
quan n no vt v xy dng p chn sng, k b sng khu vc ca sng. Cc cng trnh
ny c th cn tr dng chy, vn chuyn bn ct dc b v t sng ra bin. Do vy cc TDA
ny c th gy ra xi l hoc nh hng n cc li ch s dng vng ca sng, ven bin (v
d nh vng nui trng thy, hi sn, bi bin). Cng cn ch rng trong qu trnh hot
ng ca TDA, lng ln tu, thuyn ra vo cng ln hn t lm e da n cht lng
nc vng ca sng ven bin do gia tng c, d r du v cht thi (rn v lng) t tu
thuyn v cc khu hu cn ngh c. Bn cnh , s gia tng hot ng tu thuyn cn nh
hng n cc h sinh thi vng ca sng (rng ngp mn, san h, c bin). trnh nhng
tc ng ny, cn phi c mt nghin cu s b v iu kin mi trng, sinh thi v kh
nng xi l vng ca sng, ven bin trong qu trnh chun b KQM ca TDA xc nh cc
tc ng tiu cc v cc bin php gim thiu thch hp.
5.5. Phn tch phng n la chn
Cc TDA xut trong hp phn 4 s thc hin i vi nhng h, p, , k, ng, khu
neo u c nn phn ny khng phn tch phng n la chn a im xy dng. Tuy
TDA Nng cp b bc sng Dinh tnh Ninh Thun v cc mi quan tm ca a
phng
- Tuyn b bc sng Dinh (11.5km) c nhim v rt quan trng l bo v thnh ph
Phan Rang trung tm kinh t, chnh tr, x hi ca tnh Ninh Thun. Hin ti, mt s
on kh thp nn nc l trn qua gy ngp lt cho mt s phng ca thnh
ph. Ngp lt cng xy ra b bn nam ca sng. Khi tuyn c nng cp, bao
gm vic m rng, nn tuyn v nng cao trnh tuyn , nc l s khng trn vo
thnh ph nh trc. Kt qu l tnh trng ngp lt s nghim trng hn i vi b bn
nam. Huyn v x bn b nam c nhng yu cu nh sau:
Huyn Ninh Phc ngh:
- C phng n k thut gim thiu ti a xm thc t bn b nam sng Dinh v
phng n tiu thot l, trnh l;
- Cc x An Hi, An Phc, Phc Thun c tham gia hp phn 3 d n WB5.
X Phc Thun:
- Cn c phng n hi ha c hai bn b sng Dinh, ti u ha li ch, hn ch ti a
thit hi, nh hng n dn sinh, c bit l dn c b nam sng Dinh (x Phc
Thun c 18.000 dn, x An Hi c 12.000 dn v 1500 ha t nng nghip).
Ninh Thun, 6/7/2011

nh gi mi trng

59
nhin, phn sau y s phn tch phng n c v khng c D n so snh cc tc ng
n iu kin kinh t x hi, iu kin t nhin v nng lc th ch lin quan n ri ro thin
tai. Kt qu phn tch c trnh by trong Bng 5.3.
nh gi mi trng

60
Bng 5.3 Phn tch so sch cc phng n c v khng c D n
Yu t
Khng c d n C d n
Mc

tc
ng

Kinh t -
x hi
- Nguy c mt an ton trong ma
ma l i vi ngi dn v c s
h tng trong vng cng nh hot
ng sn xut nng nghip
- Din tch t sn xut nng nghip
thng xuyn khng thay i
- Phng trnh, gim thiu thit hi do
thin tai bo, l lt, st l b; bo v c
s h tng, cc c quan, trng hc, c
s y t v cc ngnh sn xut trong vng
- Tng din tch t sn xut nng
nghip do tng din tch ti nh mt
s TDA nng cp, gia c h p.
+++
- Vic trin khai, u t vo cc
hot ng pht trin kinh t trong
vng b hn ch do l lt hng
nm
- m bo an ton cho cc hot ng
u t pht trin kinh t, gp phn
thc y pht trin kinh t, x hi v
to cnh quan mi trng vng d n.
+
- Giao thng nng thn trong ma
ma l b hn ch, gy cn tr
hot ng cu h cu nn; cn tr
hot ng sinh hot ca nhn dn;
cn tr hot ng pht trin kinh
t x hi.
- Cc tuyn ng cu h cu
nn, cc tuyn cha c nng
cp lm cho giao thng i li ca
ngi dn khu vc gp nhiu kh
khn.
- Giao thng nng thn thun li do c
th kt hp lm ng dn sinh p
ng nhu cu giao thng nng thn ca
a phng;
- Vic i li, sn xut ca nhn dn
trong ma ma l kh khn hn
trc.
- Vo ma ma l, tuyn nng cp
v tuyn ng cu h cu nn cng
s l tuyn kt hp kim tra , cc
cng trnh phng l v.v
+++
- Cc h dn sinh sng v sn xut
n nh trong iu kin bnh
thng.

- Hot ng thu hi t, gii phng
mt bng; hot ng thi cng xy
dng, tp trung cng nhn v.v s
lm xo trn cc hot ng kinh t, x
hi a phng.
---

- Mt s vng dn c ven sng s b
mt t v sn xut st l b sng.
- m bo gi t v sn xut ven
sng vng TDA khng tip tc b xi
l mt t.
++
Mi
trng
t nhin

- Cc tai bin do thin tai tip tc
xy ra nh: cc tuyn tip tc
b v, nc trn trong ma ma
l; cc tuyn k s c nhiu im
b st l, xm ln; cc cng trnh
h cha khng m bo an ton
trong ma ma l v.v...
- Cc tai bin do thin tai c gim
thiu: cc tuyn , k khng b st l,
xm ln; cc cng trnh h cha m
bo tch tr nc v an ton trong ma
ma l; cc cng tiu c th iu tit
l hiu qu v.v...
+++
nh gi mi trng

61
Yu t
Khng c d n C d n
Mc

tc
ng

- Trong iu kin ma l v bin
i kh hu c th c nguy c
ngp lt do khng iu tit c
l; v ; st l b sng v.v gy
l lt trn din rng, ng thi l
ngun pht sinh v pht tn cht
nhim, dch bnh
- Gim thiu nguy c ngp lt; gim
thiu ngun pht sinh nhim do ngp
lt; hn ch dch bnh do ngp lt gy
ra nh bnh t, st, thng hn,
Hn ch s pht trin ca cc loi cn
trng v k sinh trng c hi.
+++

- Qu t ven , ven sng cc khu
vc c nguy c st l c th b st
l hng nm trong ma ma l. t
nng nghip c th b nh hng
khng canh tc c.
- Cc cng trnh nng cp , k sng
bo v chng st l v.v s gp phn
n nh qu t ca nhn dn, lm
tng gi tr s dng t ca mt s khu
vc t nm bn trong khu vc bo v.

+++

Cc hot ng kinh t pht trin
bnh thng
- Thc y pht trin kinh t, dch v
a phng do s dng nguyn vt liu
v lao ng ca a phng.
+

Mt s vng thiu nc ti vo
ma kh; mc nc ngm ang
dn b h thp do khai thc qu
mc m khng c ngun cung cp
Hot ng nng cp cc h cha s
m bo ngun cung cp nc ti
tiu nng nghip cho vng h du; l
ngun cung cp nc cho tng nc
ngm khu vc xung quanh.
+

- Mt giao thng ph hp vi
mt dn c v sn xut trong
vng.
- Mt giao thng trn cc tuyn vn
chuyn tng cao; Hot ng chuyn ch
vt liu cng knh d gy tai nn trn
ng vn chuyn, nht l khi i qua
nhng on ng c mt giao thng
tng i cao hoc gn trng hc.
-

- Thm thc vt hin hu c th
gim bt iu kin nng bc trong
ma h cng nh iu ha vi kh
hu.
- Mt s TDA c hot ng cht b cy
xanh lm ng thi cng, m rng mt
, mt bng xy dng cng trnh v.v
--

- Cc cng trnh khng b ph d
v tn ti trong iu kin bnh
thng. Khng c ngun nhim
pht sinh t hot ng thi cng
cng trnh.
Hot ng thi cng xy dng cc hng
mc cng trnh s to ra cc cht
nhim, kh thi, rc thi xy dng, rc
thi sinh hot, nc v.v gy nhim
mi trng t, nc, khng kh khu
vc trin khai d n.
---

nh gi mi trng

62
Yu t
Khng c d n C d n
Mc

tc
ng
Chnh
sch v
nng lc
th ch
ng ph
vi thin
tai
- Thc hin hn ch cc chnh
sch v k hoch ca Chnh ph
do hn ch v ti chnh v nng
lc ca cc n v lin quan
- Nng lc v k thut d bo thi
tit hn ch

- H tr thc hin hoc/v tng cng
cc chnh sch, k hoch ca Chnh
ph lin quan n thin tai.

- Thit lp mt s trm kh tng thy
vn cng vi vic tng cng nng lc
s y mnh kh nng d bo lt, bo
+++
- Hn ch v kin thc v nng lc
ca cng ng ng ph vi thin
tai, c bit l trong nhng iu
kin khn cp hoc hot ng tm
kim cu nn
- Nng cao kin thc v nng lc ca
cng ng ng ph vi thin tai, gim
thit hi v ngi v ca +
Ch : +++ Tc ng tch cc ch yu ca d n; --- Tc ng tiu cc ch yu ca d n

Nhn xt chung:
Hot ng thi cng xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh cng s to ra cc cht nhim,
kh thi, rc thi xy dng, rc thi sinh hot, nc v.v gy nhim mi trng t, nc,
khng kh khu vc trin khai d n, nhiu cng trnh thy li ca d n s lm tng din tch
t canh tc nng nghip, tng v... dn n lm tng kh nng s dng phn bn, thuc tr
su... iu ny s lm tng nguy c nhim mi trng nc v t, gy nh hng n mi
trng sinh thi khu vc d n.
Tuy nhin, vic trin khai u t xy dng cc cng trnh nng cp cc tuyn ; k
bo v b; nng cp m bo an ton h cha; no vt ca sng, nng cp cc cng trnh tr
bo; xy dng c s h tng phc v phng chng l lt v.v... thc s l cn thit bo v
con ngi, sinh k v ti sn ca nhn dn. Cc con bin, sng bo v con ngi, ng
rung khi bo v l lt. Nhng con ng cu nn phng khi nc dng c lp cc a
phng. Nhng h cha nc va ngn l, va chng hn, va tr nc ngt, cung cp nc
sinh hot. Cc c s y t, trng hc va cung cp cc dch v x hi c bn, va c th l c
s trnh tr bo lt cng cng, bo m cung cp dch v bo v con ngi khi thin tai bo
lt xy ra. Nh ca ca dn c v nh cng ng kin c c th l ni trnh tr bo l ca
cng ng nhn dn a phng.
nh gi mi trng

63
Bng 5.4. Cc tc ng tiu cc ca TDA nm u thuc Hp phn 4
Giai on T nhin Sinh hc X hi Khc Ch
Khn
g kh,
ting
n,
rung
ng
t,
nc
Cht
thi
rn
Rng,
sinh
c t
nhin
C v
cc loi
thy
sinh
khc
Thu
hi
t v
ti
nh
c
Dn
tc
thiu
s
Vn
ha vt
th
Xo
trn
cuc
sng
cng
ng
Ngp
lt cc
b, an
ton
giao
thng
Cc
tc
ng
ngoi
khu
vc
thi
cng
Tiu d n 1: Tu b, nng cp v x l cc im trng yu t sng Cu Chy (on t K0-K42), Yn nh, Thanh Ha. (240 t ng); Hng mc u t: Nng
cp tuyn di 42km, k chng st l cc v tr xung yu; Sa cha, nng cp v lm mi cc cng trnh trn tuyn; Xy dng cc tuyn ng ngang cu h, cu
nn.
Tm tt TDA & cc vn chnh: [Bo v ti sn v cuc sng ca 130,000 ngi; bo v 10,000 ha t nng nghip v m bo an ton cho cc cng trnh c s
h tng; xy dng ng cu h y mnh pht trin kinh t x hi cho 25 x thuc huyn Yn nh]; [781 h b nh hng, trong 18 h mt hn 20% t
nng nghip; 04 H phi di chuyn m m; 43 h thuc nhm b tn thng (18 h ngho)]; [1 t m3 t o p; bi v ting n trong giai on thi cng]
Trc khi thi
cng
N N N K N L TB N TB N N - Cn m bo rng BQM c thc hin
hiu qu v tham vn cht ch vi cng
ng a phng Thi cng TB TB TB K N K K N TB TB TB
Hot ng K K K K K K K K TB N K - Cn m bo qu trnh vn hnh v bo
dng hiu qu. Xy dng nng lc ca
cng ng ti vng c nguy c ri ro cao
thng qua hot ng ca Hp phn 3
Tiu d n 2: Nng cp tuyn Lng Yn Khai, Thanh Chng, Ngh An (45T ng): Hng mc u t: Tn cao, m rng, cng ha mt 2,87km
Tm tt TDA & cc vn chnh: [Bo v ti sn v cuc sng ca 10.756 ngi v n nh sn xut cho 651.8 ha t nng nghip]; [83 h b nh hng, 80 H
mt t nng nghip v, 03 H mt t vn lin k t , t b nh hng l 13.300 m2];[ 186,314.98 m3 t o p; bi v ting n trong giai on thi cng]
nh gi mi trng

64
Trc khi thi
cng
Tiu d n 3: Cu kt hp trn ni ng cu h ca nn x Nghi Thi huyn Nghi Lc v x Hng Ha thnh ph Vinh (Ngh An) (27T ng);
Hng mc u t 65m cu kt hp trn v 1km ng v 1 cng thot nc vi B=7,5m
Tm tt TDA & cc vn chnh: [y mnh pht trin kinh t v gim i ngho cho 13,709 ngi x Hng Ha v Nghi Thi thng qua vic nng cao kh nng
tip cn cc trung tm chnh tr, thng mi, y t, gio dc v cc dch v x hi, gim thi gian v chi ph vn chuyn cc sn phm nng nghip];[5 h b nh
hng, khi lng t o p l 957,940 m3, no vt 687m3, bi v ting n trong giai on thi cng].
Trc khi thi
cng
Tiu d - - , huyn Cm Xuyn, H Tnh (180 T ng); Hng mc
8,974km
Tm tt TDA & cc vn chnh: [Phng chng v gim thit hi do bo, p thp nhit i, nc dng xy ra thng xuyn v nh hng trc tip n 19.728
ngi v 2471ha t ti th trn Thin Cm, x Cm Phc, Cm Nhng v nh hng gin tip n 12.450 ngi v 1.345ha t ti th trn Cm Xuyn v x
CmXuyn]; [335 h b nh hng, 125 h b mt t nng nghip v 119 mt t vn, 22 mt t nui trng thy sn v 44 h mt t ]; [khi lng t o
p l 90,000 m3; bi v ting n trong giai on thi cng]
Trc khi thi
cng
Tiu d n 5: Sa cha nng cp h cha nc Thch Bn, huyn Duy Xuyn (Qung Nam) (86T ng); Hng mc u t: Sa cha, nng cp p chnh, trn,
nh gi mi trng

65
Tm tt TDA & cc vn chnh:[ Gim tn thng do cc yu t t nhin nh ngp lt, l, xi l, bo v hn 10.000 ngi ti 2 x (Duy Ph, Duy Thu), bo v
c s h tng nh nh dn, bnh vin, bu in, ch, nh tr, trng tiu hc, trung hc, h thng giao thng nng thn v trm in]; [07 H ti x Duy Thu mt
20.000 m
2
t lm nghip tm thi]; [150,000 m3 t, 1,748.05 m3 , 11,271.84 m3 ct si,bi, ting n v nhim nc]
Trc khi thi
cng
Tiu d n 6: Nng cp k chng xi l b sng Kone m bo an ton, huyn An Nhn v Tuy Phc (Bnh nh) (47T ng); Hng mc u t gm: 1,2 km k
on Thng Cng, x Nhn Phc; 1,5km k on Sng Ngho, x Nhn Hu; 1,8Km k on Tm Dn - Tn Dng - x Nhn An; 1,3km k on h lu ca cu
B Di, x Phc Lc
Tm tt TDA & cc vn chnh: [Nng cp kh nng chng l v ngp lt cho h thng sng Kone nhm bo v trc tip cho ngi, nh ca v ti sn ca
49.183 ngi (8.197 h) ti 3 x Nhn An, Nhn Hu, Nhn Phc (Huyn An Nhn) v Phc Lc (Huyn Tuy Phc)]; [nh hng n 73 H v 3 phng, bao
gm: 16 H thuc x Phc Lc, 13 H ti Nhn An, 27 H ti Nhn Phc v 17 H thuc x Nhn Hu]; [45,092 m3 t o v 66,673 m3 t p; Bi, ting n,
nhim nc]
Trc khi thi
cng
Ghi ch: Cc tiu ch dng nh gi tc ng: Khng (K) khng tc ng; Nh (N) cng trnh nh, tc ng t, cc b, tm thi, c th o ngc; Trung
bnh (TB) cng trnh nh ti vng b bin hoc khu vc nhy cm hoc cng trnh c quy m va phi v c tc ng mc trung bnh, hu ht cc tc ng
ny c th o ngc, gim thiu, c tnh cc b v tm thi; Ln (L) cng trnh c quy m va phi ti vng b bin hoc khu vc nhy cm, cng trnh c quy m
ln v c tc ng ng k (c v mi trng v x hi) m mt s tc ng ny khng th o ngc hoc phi c n b. Cc tc ng TB v L cn phi thc hin
cc bin php gim thiu, chng trnh quan trc mi trng v nng cao nng lc qun l an ton.

nh gi mi trng

66
CHNG 6. XUT CC BIN PHP GIM THIU
Chng ny trnh by cc bin php gim thiu nhng tc ng tiu cc ca D n da
trn nhng nh gi c phn tch trong Chng 5. Da vo cc TDA v cc hot ng s
c thc hin trong tng giai on ca D n, Khung qun l mi trng v x hi (KQMX)
c xy dng thnh mt ti liu c lp ph hp vi yu cu ca chnh sch OP/Bp 4.01 v nh
gi tc ng mi trng ca WB. KQMX s c p dng cho tt c cc TDA c ti tr trong
D n ny. Khung chnh sch an ton p (KCA) cng c xy dng thnh mt ti liu c lp
ph hp vi chnh sch OP/BP 4.37 v an ton p ca WB. KCA s c p dng cho tt c
cc TDA lin quan n h/p KQMX c mi lin h cht ch vi cc ti liu khc ca d n, c
th l Khung chnh sch dn tc thiu s (KCDT), Khung chnh sch ti nh c (KCT), Khung
chnh sch an ton p (KCA) cng nh k hoch hnh ng ti nh c (KHT), k hoch pht
trin dn tc thiu s (KPDT), k hoch qun l mi trng (KQM), bo co an ton p ca cc
TDA. Phn 6.1 v 6.2 tm tt mc tiu v nhng ni dung chnh ca KQMX v KCA. Phn 6.3
l t chc thc hin v gim st cc bin php gim thiu, bao gm c nhu cu o to an ton v
ngn sch.
6.1. Mc tiu v phm vi p dng
Mc tiu chnh ca KQMX l m bo cc TDA v cc hot ng c ti tr trong D
n ny khng to ra nhng tc ng bt li cho mi trng, cng ng dn c a phng v cc
tc ng ko theo, nhng tc ng khng th trnh khi s c gim thiu thch hp theo nhng
chnh sch an ton ca WB. Do cc hot ng ca cc hp phn 1, 2, 3 khc vi cc TDA hp
phn 4, khung qun l mi trng x hi s bao gm 2 phn: (a) KQMX p dng c cc TDA hp
phn 4, trong c mt b quy tc mi trng (BQM) km theo cc ti liu u thu v hp ng
thi cng, (b) cc bin php gim thiu cho cc hot ng lin quan n cc cng trnh dn dng,
trong c mt BQM n gin. Qu trnh qun l mi trng x hi cho cc TDA c tm tt
trong phn 6.1.1 v cc bin php gim thiu cho cc hot ng khc ca D n c tm tt
trong phn 6.1.2.
6.1.1. Qu trnh qun l mi trng - x hi
Qu trnh l mi trng x hi s bao gm cc phn sau y: (1) Sng lc thch hp, (2)
Sng lc k thut v nhn din cc tc ng chnh, cc ti liu km theo, (3) Xy dng cc bin
php gim thiu v tham vn cng ng, (4) Cng b thng tin v ph duyt ca WB, (5) Thc
hin, gim st, quan trc v bo co (Hnh 6.1). Cc tiu d n nm u tri qua cc bc 1 v
2. Cc k hoch gim thiu chi tit (KQM, KHT, KPDT) ca cc tiu d n ny c chun b v
np cho WB cng b thng tin v ph duyt. Qu trnh sng lc an ton, nh gi tc ng v
chun b cc KQM, KHT, KPDT cho cc tiu d n cc nm tip theo s c thc hin trong qu
trnh trin khai d n v cc ti liu an ton s np cho WB thng qua trc khi cc tiu d n
c ph duyt v cho php thc hin.
Cc ni dung chnh ca qu trnh l mi trng x hi nh sau:
nh gi mi trng

67
Sng lc an ton: Hnh 6.1 v Bng 6.1 a ra nhng tiu ch quan trng v cc cng vic
phi thc hin trong qu trnh qun l mi trng x hi. Cc TDA phi tun th cc quy nh v
TM. Nhng hot ng lin quan n thu hi t, ti nh c, chnh sch vi ngi dn tc thiu
s theo ng KCT v KCDT.
KQM: Tt c cc TDA phi chun b KQM theo ng nhng hng dn k thut trong
KQMX. KQM s bao gm BQM, chng trnh quan trc mi trng, o to an ton v sp xp
th ch cng vi kinh ph thc hin. Cc TDA lin quan n nng cp hoc sa cha p phi
tun th ng KCA, chun b bo co an ton p hoc bo co kim tra an ton p v cc bo
co ny c coi l mt phn ca KQM. Cc TDA lin quan n no vt ca sng v xy dng
cc cng trnh ca sng cn phi c mt nghin cu s b v iu kin mi trng, sinh thi v
kh nng xi l vng ca sng, ven bin trong qu trnh chun b KQM ca TDA xc nh cc
tc ng tiu cc v cc bin php gim thiu thch hp.
BQM: Ti liu ny l ph lc ca bo co KQMX v c km theo cc ti liu u thu
v hp ng thi cng cc TDA hp phn 4. Ti liu ny a ra cc quy nh chung cng nh vai
tr, trch nhim ca nh thu, ch d n, t vn gim st thi cng v/hoc k s hin trng. Nh
thu phi thc hin mt s hnh ng c th trong hai phn sau:
- Cc quy nh chung, trong c iu khon v th tc gii quyt tnh hung tnh c
pht hin vn ha vt th;
- Qun l thi cng, bao gm nhng quy nh chung v qun l cng trng v hot ng
thi cng, qun l cht lng mi trng, qun l ln tri cng nhn, qun l cc m t, , qun
l no vt v gim st cc tc ng tim n.
6.1.2. Cc bin php gim thiu cc hot ng khc ca D n
BQM n gin. gim thiu nhng tc ng tiu cc ca cc hot ng dn dng dn
dng thc hin theo cc hp phn 1, 2, 3 ca D n, mt BQM n gin c xy dng v bao
gm nhng phn sau: (1) cc iu khon chung, (2) th tc gii quyt tnh hung bt thng v
(3) cc bin php gi gn v sinh mi trng. Qu trnh lp k hoch v nng cao nng lc c
thc hin theo cc hp phn 1, 2, 3 ca D n cn c gng lng ghp cc vn an ton mi
trng v x hi.
6.2. Khung chnh sch an ton p
Cc TDA lin quan n nng cp hoc sa cha p phi lp Bo co an ton p i vi
p ln v p c chiu cao nguy him (xem nh ngha trong KCA) hoc Bo co kim tra an
ton p i vi p nh. Cc tiu ch phn loi p cng vi nhng hnh ng tng ng
chun b, kim tra v gim st c trnh by trong KCA. Cc TDA lin quan n p ln v
p c chiu cao nguy him cn phi c s tham gia ca chuyn gia hoc nhm chuyn gia an
toan p.
nh gi mi trng

68
6.3. T chc thc hin v gim st
6.3.1. Trch nhim ca cc n v
Vic t chc thc hin v gim st cc bin php gim thiu xut s theo ng s
sp xp t chc thc hin D n. cp d n, BQDTW vi trch nhim qun l chung v gim
st hot ng ca cc TDA s gim st, kim tra nh k vic thc hin an ton v trnh by kt
qu kim tra, gim st trong bo co tin d n. BQDTW s thnh lp Ban Mi trng v X
hi (BQMX) v thu t vn qun l mi trng h tr BQDTW thc hin nhim v ny.
i vi cc hot ng ca hp phn 1, 2, 3, cc n v chu trch nhim thc thi cc hot
ng ny s phi (a) m bo rng BQM n gin c p dng trong cc ti liu u thu v hp
ng thi cng v c Nh thu thc hin hiu qu, (b) lng ghp cc kin thc v cc mi quan
tm v an ton vo qu trnh lp k hoch v nng cao nng lc v (c) trnh by kt qu thc hin
an ton trong bo co tin thc hin d n
i vi cc TDA hp phn 4, BQDT thuc S NN&PTNT c trch nhim thc hin cc
bin php gim thiu, c bit l nhng bin php lin quan n nh thu. Trong qu trnh thi
cng, BQDT phi lin h thng xuyn vi chnh quyn v cng ng a phng vi s h tr
ca TGT hoc/v mt k s hin trng, ng thi gii quyt ngay nhng phn nh hoc nhng
vn pht sinh lin quan n ngi dn. S TN&MT tnh, UBND cc cp, i din ca cc t
chc x hi v/hoc cng ng l nhng n v tham gia vo qu trnh thc hin v gim st cc
bin php an ton.
Nh thu c trch nhim thc hin cc bin php gim thiu v chi ph gim thiu l mt
phn ca gi tr hp ng. TGT s h tr BQDT kim tra v gim st vic thc hin cc bin php
gim thiu ca nh thu hng ngy. Trch nhim ny s c ghi r trong chc nng v nhim v
ca TGT.
6.3.2. Bo co
Cc bo co tin ca d n v tiu d n phi bao gm kt qu thc hin an ton.
BQDT s bo co vic thc hin an ton ca mnh vi BQDTW vi s h tr ca TGT. cp d
n, BQDTW, vi s h tr ca TGM, bo co 2 ln/nm vi WB vic thc hin an ton trong bo
co tin d n v vic tun th KQMX cng nh yu cu ca cc ti liu mi trng khc.
6.3.3. o to an ton v nng cao nng lc
Mc d hu ht cc tnh tham gia d n u tng tham gia thc hin cc d n lin quan
n cc chnh sch an ton ca WB thng qua cc d n m WB ti tr, tuy nhin kin thc v
kinh nghim v cc yu cu an ton ca WB v cc vn mi trng v x hi cn hn ch. Mc
d cc bin php gim thiu chnh l cc bin php k thut hp l, vic o to an ton cn tp
trung nng cao kin thc v (a) cc chnh sch an ton v cc th tc thc hin cc cng c an
ton (KHT/KCT, KPDT/KCDT, KQM/KQMX, KCA) c xy dng cho d n v TDA, (b)
nh gi mi trng

69
o to chuyn su v kim tra v gim st cc nh thu, bao gm cc hnh thc thc hin v bo
co, v (c) cc kin thc chung v cc bin php thi cng hp l lm gim nhng tc ng tiu
cc n mi trng v cc vn an ton khc.
Da vo s lng, tnh cht v v tr ca TDA, c th tin hnh t nht 4 t o to trong
3 nm u ca d n. t o to u tin s tp trung vo cc kin thc, chnh sch, th tc lin
quan n thu hi t, ti nh c, dn tc thiu s v cc lnh vc x hi khc m bo cho
KHT c th thc hin hiu qu trc khi tin hnh thi cng. Cc cn b d n ch cht chu trch
nhim thc hin cc hot ng trn cn tham gia o to. o to k nng gim st nh thu cn
c tin hnh t nht 1 thng trc khi thi cng. Cc cn b ca BQDT, TGT, cc i din ca t
chc a phng, cng ng a phng v/hoc cc t chc x hi cn phi tham gia kha o
to ny.
6.3.4. Phn b ngn sch
h tr cho vic thc hin cc bin php an ton, ngn sch ca D n s c phn b
cho cc hot ng nh sau:

Cc nghin cu kh thi v cc ti liu an ton cho TDA cc nm tip theo;
Thit k chi tit v gim st xy dng, bao gm nhng bin php gim thiu c
xut trong KQM;
KQM v quan trc mi trng;
Quan trc an ton x hi, c bit l KHT v KPDT;
Thu hi t.

nh gi mi trng

70
(Bc 1)
BQDTW sng lc thch hp loi b cc TDA
thuc nhm A
TDA lin quan n thi cng
cng trnh c cc tc ng tiu
cc n mi trng v cng
ng, bao gm c ri ro bom
mn

(Bc 2)
Thng qua: BQDT xc nh cc tc ng tiu cc (mi trng v x hi), cc
bin php gim thiu hoc cng vic tip theo bng cch s dng bng danh
mc kim tra hoc tho lun kt qu vi chnh quyn a phng hoc cng
ng p dng cc tiu ch trong bng 6.1
(Bc 3 v 4)
BQDT lp KQM theo ng KQMX,
bao gm BQM, bo co an ton p
v/hoc k hoch quan trc mi trng;
KQM phi c WB ph duyt. Tham
vn cng ng phi c thc hin
trong khi lp KQM. Nu c ri ro v
bom mn, KQM phi c cc bin php
gim thiu ri ro ny
TDA c cc tc ng nh
Chun b CBM hoc TM
theo quy nh Chnh ph
(Bc 2)
Tht bi: Loi b
TDA xut
TDA c lin quan
n ngi bn x/
ngi dn tc
TDA c thu hi
t, ti nh c v/
hoc n b
(Bc 3 v 4)
BQDT lp
TM/CBM v
m bo rng
TM/CBM
c ph duyt.
Sau thng
bo cho WB
(Bc 3 v 4)
BQDT lp
KHT ph hp
vi KCT
(Bc 3 v 4)
BQDT lp
KPDT ph hp
vi KCDT

(Bc 5)
BQDT theo di v gim st vic thc hin an ton thng qua k s gim st thi cng hoc k s gim
st mi trng (c bit l vic thc hin ca nh thu), bo co kt qu nh k ti BQDTW; Vic
cng b thng tin phi c tin hnh nh k

BQDTW gim st / bo co vic thc hin an ton trong bo co tin d n, WB s nh k xem xt
v theo di kt qu bo co

Hnh 6.1. Qu trnh sng lc an ton v nh gi tc ng mi trng, x hi
nh gi mi trng

71
Bng 6.1. Hng dn sng lc mi trng v cc hnh ng tng ng cho cc TDA hp
phn 4
Cc tc ng tiu
cc tim n
Cc bin php gim thiu Ti liu yu cu Ghi ch
(1) Mt t hoc
ti nguyn tm
thi hoc vnh vin
ca h gia nh
- Xc nh quy m v tnh cht ca t
cn thu hi cho d n, ch s hu t v
cc vn lin quan. Phn loi i tng b
nh hng, nh gi t, ti sn.
- Lp k hoch hnh ng ti nh c
(KHT) c a ra phng n n b hoc
h tr theo Khung chnh sch ti nh c
(KCT)
K hoch hnh
ng ti nh c
(KHT)
Cn c s tham vn
kin ca WB
trc v sau khi lp
KHT
3) (2) C kh nng
nh hng n cc
nhm dn tc thiu
s
- Thc hin nh gi tc ng x hi v
lp k hoch pht trin dn tc thiu s
(KPDT) theo hng dn ti cc Khung
Chnh sch dn tc thiu s (KCDP).
- D n s h tr nng cao nhn thc cho
nhm ngi b nh hng bng ngn ng
dn tc thiu s v cc c ch khiu ni
n b v nng cao nng lc cho nhng
ngi lm vic lin quan n khiu ni n
b, k c x l hoc lm trung gian ha
gii gia c nhn v / hoc cc nhm dn
tc thiu s, ghi chp, lp bo co v gim
st cc quyt nh
K hoch pht
trin dn tc thiu
s (KPDT)
Cn c s tham vn
kin ca WB
trc v sau khi lp
KHT
(3) C th nh
hng n vn ha
vt th cha xc
nh trong qu
trnh o p v di
di m m
- Mt s TDA c lin quan n di chuyn
m m. Nu trng hp ny xy ra, cn
theo ng hng dn trong Khung chnh
sch ti nh c (KCT)
- BQM phi c mt iu khon v x l
tnh hung tm thy vn ha vt th
K hoch hnh
ng ti nh c
(KHT)
K hoch qun l
mi trng
(KQM)
Cn ch r cc th
tc v cng vic
cn thc hin trong
KCT trong trng
hp gp phi m
m
Nh thu phi tun
th BQM khi tm
thy vn ha vt th
8) (4) Lin quan n
nguy c bom mn
cha n
- Nu xc nh c nguy c c bom
mn trong khu vc d n giai on thit
k kh thi, cn phi cp vn ny
trong K hoch qun l mi trng
(KQM).
- Th tc gii quyt c th bao gm: lin
K hoch qun l
mi trng
(KQM)
BQDT phi c
trch nhim lin h
vi cc n v c
lin quan v phi
m bo an ton
cho khu vc d n
nh gi mi trng

72
h vi c quan c trch nhim v phi
tho g bom mn trc khi thi cng. TDA
c th phi np giy chng nhn tho
g bom mn trc khi gii phng mt
bng v tin hnh thi cng
(5) Cc hot ng
thi cng gy ra
ting n, nhim
ngun nc,
khng kh, t, cc
nguy c sc khe
cng cng, lm
nh hng n cc
hot ng dn sinh
thng nht hoc
tc ng n s
dng nc h
lu.
- Chun b K hoch qun l mi trng
(KQM) bao gm cc bin php gim thiu
v gim st trong qu trnh xy dng (c
p dng BQM) v vn hnh, bao gm c
vic duy tr tham vn cht ch vi cng
ng a phng.
- BQM s c ghi trong cc ti liu u
thu v c gim st cht ch bi cc k
s hin trng hoc t vn gim st thi
cng. BQM c mt iu khon c th v
tnh c pht hin ti sn vn ha.

K hoch qun l
mi trng
(KQM)
BQDT phi m
bo cc bin php
gim thiu c
ghi trong hp ng.
Vic thc hin
gim st an ton
c ghi r rng
trong ni dung cng
vic (TOR) ca cc
k s gim st
(6) Lm suy gim
cht lng t,
nc do thi
cht no vt trong
qu trnh thi cng
- Cn chun b K hoch x l bn thi
no vt tng quan trong qu trnh lp K
hoch qun l mi trng (KQM) hoc
thit k k thut. Vic tun th k hoch
no K hoch x l bn thi no vt phi
c ghi trong BQM
K hoch qun l
mi trng
(KQM)
Hng dn c th
c trnh by
trong Ph lc 3
(8) Ri ro an ton
p
- p dng KCA v ghi r cc bin php
gim thiu trong KQM; i vi nhng
p ln v p c chiu cao nguy him,
TDA phi lp bo co an ton p nh
nu trong KCA
- Cc nhm cng ng c nguy c ri ro
cao phi c xc nh v c nng cao
nng lc theo nhng hot ng ca Hp
phn 3.
K hoch qun l
mi trng
(KQM)/ Bo co
an ton p
BQDT/BQDTW
phi m bo chc
chn rng nguy c
ny c xy ra
khng
(8) C th gy mu
thun trong vic s
dng nc/t do
an ton ca
hoc hoc ng
ca cng
- Cn phi xc nh vng/nhm cng
ng c kh nng chu nh hng ca ri
ro ny v h phi c nng cao nng lc
theo nhng hot ng ca Hp phn 3
K hoch qun l
mi trng
(KQM)
BQDT/BQDTW
phi m bo chc
chn rng nguy c
ny c xy ra
khng
(9) C th gy xi
l b bin xung
quanh trong qu
- Tin hnh nh gi kh nng xi l
vng b bin gn khu vc TDA v nhn
din cc vng/ nhm ngi b nh hng.
K hoch qun l
mi trng
BQDT/BQDTW
phi m bo chc
chn rng nguy c
nh gi mi trng

73
trnh hot ng Nhng nhm ngi ny s c c
nng cao nng lc theo nhng hot ng
ca Hp phn 3
(KQM) ny c xy ra
khng
nh gi mi trng

74
CHNG 7. THAM VN TRONG QU TRNH THC HIN BO CO MI TRNG
VNG
7.1. Mc tiu v phng php tham vn cng ng
Mc ch ca qu trnh tham vn cng ng l m bo cho cc bn b nh hng c
tham gia vo qu trnh ra quyt nh v thc hin d n, nng cao s hiu bit ca cng ng v
d n cng nh cc tc ng ca d n n cuc sng ca cng ng . S ng gp ca cng
ng lin quan s m bo rng d n p ng c nhu cu ca cng ng v v kh nng em
li li ch cho cng ng.
Trong qu trnh chun b M v KQMX, qu trnh tham vn cng ng c t chc
thnh hai giai on nh c trnh by trong bng 7.1.
Bng 7.1. Tham vn cng ng trong qu trnh chun b M v KQMX
Giai on Mc tiu Phng php
Xc nh phm vi
(tham vn ln 1)
Xc nh cc bn lin quan chnh
Gii thiu d n
Xc nh cc yu t mi trng nn
Tm hiu s b cc tc ng ca d
n v bin php gim thiu
T chc cc cuc hp vi cc
bn lin quan nh UBND x,
huyn, s NN&PTNT, s
TN&MT, NGO, hi nng dn,
hi ph n, mt s ngi b
nh hng
Bng cu hi phng vn
Hon thnh d tho
M v KQMX
(tham vn ln 2)
Tho lun v ly kin phn hi v
ni dung v kt qu M v KQMX
T chc cc cuc hp vi cc
bn lin quan nh UBND x,
huyn, s NN&PTNT, s
TN&MT NGOs, hi nng dn,
hi ph n, mt s ngi b
nh hng
Gi bo co M v KQMX
n cc bn lin quan v xin
kin phn hi
7.2. Xc nh cc nhm ngi b nh hng
Trong d n VN-Haz, cc bn c lin quan c xc nh bao gm cc nhm ngi sau:
- Nhng ngi b nh hng trc tip: l cng ng dn c hin ang sinh sng trong khu
vc TDA, chu tc ng trc tip t cc hot ng ca d n, bao gm cc h nng dn,
nhm dn tc thiu s sng ven , k, h cha, ng cu h cu nn, cc ng dn
- Nhng ngi nh hng gin tip: l mt s cng ng dn c sng cc x, huyn
quanh khu vc TDA hoc bn kia sng trong trng hp nng cp , k sng, cc h
sng h lu sng, cc ng dn ca cc huyn, tnh bn cnh khu vc TDA
nh gi mi trng

75
- Cc c quan qun l Nh nc: bao gm B NN&PTNT, B TN&MT, B KH&T, cc
s NN&PTNT, s TN&MT
- Cc t chc v c nhn khc: bao gm cc t chc phi chnh ph cp quc gia v cp
vng, cc t chc dn s cp vng.
7.3. Phng php v k thut tin hnh tham vn
Nh tm tt trong bng 7.1, phng php v k thut s dng qu trnh tham vn xc
nh phm vi (tham vn ln 1) l t chc cc cuc hp vi cc bn lin quan nh chnh quyn a
phng (UBND huyn, x c TDA v lin quan n TDA), cc c quan qun l nh nc (cc s
NN&PTNT, s TN&MT) NGOs (hi nng dn, hi ph n, cc NGOs khc), mt s ngi b
nh hng. Bn cnh , to iu kin cho ngi dn c tham gia trnh by kin, nguyn
vng ca mnh, tham vn di dng bng cu hi phng vn iu tra c thc hin. Hai bng
cu hi c a ra, bao gm bng cu hi v hin trng mi trng nn v bng cu hi v tnh
hnh, hu qu ca thin tai, trong c trnh by nguyn vng v yu cu ca n v hoc ngi
dn c phng vn v d n. Cc a phng la chn thc hin tham vn cng ng l nhng
a phng c lin quan trc tip n d n, c bit quan tm cc x c hng li v cc x b
nh hng bi d n. Tham vn ln 1 c thc hin trong thng 6 v thng 7 nm 2011, vi tng
s cuc tham vn l 41 cuc, c bin bn km theo.
Trong ln tham vn v d tho bo co M v KQMX (tham vn ln 2), ngoi cc phng
php v k thut s dng trong ln tham vn th nht, mt phng php tham vn khc c
s dng l gi cc bo co M v KQMX trc tip hoc qua ng cng vn n cc bn lin
quan v xin kin phn hi bng vn bn. Tham vn cng ng ln hai c thc hin trong
thng 9, vi tng s cuc tham vn l 36 cuc, c bin bn km theo.
Danh sch cc t chc, c nhn tham gia tham vn cng ng ln 1 v ln 2 c trnh by
trong Bng 6.2 Ph lc 6.
7.4. Kt qu tham tham vn
Sau y l tng hp cc kin thu thp c trong t tham vn u tin
- Hu ht cc tnh v nhn dn trong vng d n ng h nhit tnh vic thc hin d n v nh
hng t thin tai n khu vc ny l rt ln, gy nhiu thit hi cho ngi dn v nh hng
n tc pht trin chung ca nhiu tnh, huyn, x. Do vy y l s bc xc v l mi
quan tm hng u ca cc tnh min Trung. Nhn dn trong vng d n u mong mun d
n sm trin khai.
- Cc tnh s to nhng iu kin thun li v h tr ti a cho d n, c bit l i vi vn
thu hi t phc v d n thng qua qu trnh gii phng mt bng v xy dng cc hng mc
cng trnh.c kh nng gy ra tc ng xu n mi trng v x hi;
- Nhm ngi hng li t d n ch yu l b con nng dn, ng dn trong c kh nhiu h
ngho v mt s nhm dn tc thiu s. Nhm ngi b nh hng t d n khng nhiu, a
s u ng h d n, nhiu h dn t nguyn hin t hoc khng yu cu n b hoa mu,
nh ca
nh gi mi trng

76
- Cc tiu d n ch yu l nng cp v ci to cc cng trnh hin c b xung cp hoc
khng kh nng phng trnh thin tai do vy cc tc ng tiu cc ca d n khng nhiu
xy ra trong qu trnh thi cng l ch yu v c th gim thiu bng cc bin php hp l.
Sau y l tng hp cc kin thu thp c trong t tham vn ln 2:
- Hu ht chnh quyn cc tnh v nhn dn a phng ng thc hin d n, tuy nhin yu
cu xy dng nhanh, hn ch tr hon, ko di thi gian, yu cu m bo s trong sch cho
mi trng v ng nhim v, m bo cht lng cng vic;
- ng vi ni dung hai bo co nh gi mi trng vng, Khung qun l mi trng x hi
v cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng nu trong bo co;
- ngh nh u t cam kt thc hin nghim tc vic gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc m d
n mang li nh qun l mi trng, quan trc cht lng mi trng
- gim thiu nhng tc ng n cng ng v hot ng sng ca ngi dn, cc hp phn
ca d n phi tin hnh nhanh v hon thnh tng cng on, hn ch xy dng t khng
quy c;
- Yu cu nh thu thc hin theo ng cam kt vic gim thiu nhng nh hng ca vic thc
hin d n nh qun l cht lng mi trng, quan trc mi trng;
- Mt s a phng xut nn c cc chnh sch x pht hoc thm ch n phng chm dt
hp ng vi ch thu nu khng thc hin theo ng cam kt. c bit, h thng quan trc
mi trng cn thc hin y v nh k ph hp vi chng trnh bo v mi trng.
- Chnh quyn a phng v i din ngi dn ca x s cng nhau hp tc chia s nhng vn
pht sinh trong qu trnh thc hin d n.

nh gi mi trng
D n qun l thin tai Vit Nam
67

PH LC 1
DANH MC D N V V TR D N XUT
Ph lc 1 trnh by danh mc cc d n xut thc hin thuc Hp phn 4 cho giai on 1 v
giai on 2 v bn v tr d n theo cc lu vc sng: Sng M, C, H Vng-Rc, Gianh-Nht L, Vu
Gia Thu Bn, Tr Khc V, Kone H Thanh, Dinh.

Bng 1.1.
TT
1 Thanh Ha Tu b, nng cp v x l cc im trng yu t sng Cu Chy (on t
K0-K42).
2 Ngh An Nng cp tuyn Lng Yn Khai, Thanh Chng
3 Ngh An Cu kt hp trn ni ng cu h ca nn x Nghi Thi huyn Nghi Lc v
x Hng Ha thnh ph Vinh
4 H Tnh - - , huyn Cm Xuyn
5 Qung Nam Sa cha nng cp h cha nc Thch Bn, huyn Duy Xuyn
6 Bnh nh Nng cp k chng xi l b sng Kone m bo an ton, huyn An Nhn v
Tuy Phc

Bng 1. m nng cho giai on hai
TT
1 Ngh An Sa cha nng cp m bo an ton cho cm h cha nc: Bn Mung,
Ch Quan, Xp Thp, Khe Lau, Khe Lng v Lch Bi
2 Ngh An ng CHCN cho huyn Hng Nguyn (gm Hng Lam, Hng Nhn,
Hng Xun v Hng Chu)
3 Ngh An K bo v b sng C on qua x nh Sn, huyn Anh Sn
4 Ngh An K bo v b Sng C on qua x Lnh Sn, huyn Anh Sn.
5 Ngh An ng CHCN thuc huyn Lng (gm x Thi Sn, Minh Sn)
nh gi mi trng
68
TT
6 Ngh An Ci to, nng cp sng Vch Bc, phng chng lt bo v gim nh
thin tai.
7 Ngh An ng CHCN ni vi ng Quc gia 46 i Thanh Lng - Nam Hng
8 H Tnh No vt, chnh tr lung vo Cng trnh tr bo Ca St - Lc H:
9 Qung Bnh Khu neo u trnh tr bo cho tu c sng Nht L
10 Qung Tr Nng cp h thng H Triu Thng 1, 2
11 Qung Tr Sa cha, nng cp cm cng trnh Thy li Vit Yn - Vnh Phc
12 Qung Tr Nng cp h cha nc Phc Mn, x Hi L
13 Qung Tr K chng xi l khn cp b sng Ni Cu, x Triu ng, huyn Triu Phong
14 Qung Tr K bo v x Triu , huyn Triu Phong
15 Qung Tr K chng xi l khn cp cho x Triu Ti, huyn Triu Phong
16 Nng Nng cp m bo an ton cho h cha nc Ha Trung
17 Nng Nng cp m rng kh nng thot l p dng An Trch
18 Nng Nng cp m bo an ton cho cm 4 h cha: Trc ng, H Cau, Hc
Kh, Trng Loan
19 Nng Nng cp m bo an ton cho 2 h cha nc nh: ng Tro v H
Thung
20 Qung Nam Sa cha nng cp H cha nc Khe Tn, huyn i Lc
21 Qung Nam Xy dng k chng xi l b sng Thu Bn khu vc Ph a, x Duy Thu,
huyn Duy Xuyn
22 Qung Nam Sa cha nng cp h cha nc Chn Sn, huyn i Lc
23 Qung Nam Xy dng k sng thn Tn Bnh, x in Trung, huyn in Bn
24 Qung Nam Xy dng k chng st l t cho sng Bu Su, ti khu vc h lu p
dng Bu Nt, huyn in Bn
25 Qung Ngi p c Li
26 Qung Ngi Cng neo tr tu thuyn v ca bin M (Giai on 2)
27 Bnh nh Nng cp, sa cha cu vt l thuc cm ng CHCN khu ng Tuy
Phc - An Nhn - Ph Ct
28 Ninh Thun Nng cp b Bc sng Dinh
nh gi mi trng
69

Hnh 1.1. Bn mi trng nn v v tr d n lu vc sng M
nh gi mi trng
70

Hnh 1.2. Bn mi trng nn v v tr d n lu vc sng C
nh gi mi trng
71
Hnh 1.3. Bn mi trng nn v v tr d n lu vc sng H Vng - Rc
nh gi mi trng
72
Hnh 1.4. Bn mi trng nn v v tr d n lu vc sng Giang Nht L
nh gi mi trng
73
Hnh 1.5. Bn mi trng nn v v tr d n lu vc sng Bn Hi Thch Hn
nh gi mi trng
74
Hnh 1.6. Bn mi trng nn v v tr d n lu vc sng Vu Gia Thu Bn
nh gi mi trng
75

Hnh 1.7. Bn mi trng nn v v tr d n lu vc sng Tr Khc V
nh gi mi trng
76
Hnh 2.8. WB 5 Sub-Projects and Environmental Background in the Kone river basin

Hnh 1.8. Bn mi trng nn v v tr d n lu vc sng Kone
nh gi mi trng
77

Hnh 1.9. Bn mi trng nn v v tr d n lu vc sng Dinh

nh gi mi trng
78
PH LC 2
CHNH SCH V TH CH

Ph lc 2 cung cp thm thng tin v cc chnh sch quc gia c lin quan n phng
chng v gim nh thin tai, vai tr v trch nhim ca cc c quan qun l mi trng.
2.1. Chnh sch quc gia v qun l thin tai v mi trng
(a) Chin lc quc gia phng, chng v gim nh thin tai n nm 2020
Chin lc quc gia phng, chng v gim nh thin tai n nm 2020 c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt
ngy 16/7/2007. Mc tiu chung ca chin lc l: Huy ng mi ngun lc thc hin c hiu qu cng tc
phng, chng v gim nh thin tai t nay n nm 2020 nhm gim n mc thp nht thit hi v ngi v ti
sn, hn ch s ph hoi ti nguyn thin nhin, mi trng v di sn vn ho, gp phn quan trng bo m
pht trin bn vng ca t nc, bo m quc phng, an ninh. Mc tiu c th bao gm:
Nng cao nng lc d bo bo, l, hn hn, xm nhp mn, bo tin ng t, cnh bo sng
thn v cc hin tng kh tng, thu vn nguy him.
Bo m cc quy hoch pht trin, quy chun xy dng kt cu h tng kinh t x hi v
khu dn c trong vng thng xuyn b thin tai ph hp vi tiu chun phng, chng bo,
l, thin tai ca tng vng; gn kt quy hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi v cc quy hoch
ngnh vi chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch phng, chng v gim nh thin tai pht
trin bn vng.
m bo 100% cn b chnh quyn a phng cc cp trc tip lm cng tc phng,
chng thin tai c tp hun, nng cao nng lc v trnh v cng tc phng, chng v
gim nh thin tai; trn 70% s dn cc x thuc vng thng xuyn b thin tai c ph
bin kin thc v phng, chng lt bo v gim nh thin tai.
Hon thnh vic di di, sp xp v n nh i sng nhn dn vng thng xuyn xy ra
thin tai theo quy hoch c c quan nh nc c thm quyn ph duyt. Trc mt t
nay n nm 2010, phn u c bn hon thnh vic di di dn ra khi cc khu vc c
nguy c cao xy ra l qut, st l t v cc vng nguy him n ni an ton.
Ch o phi hp v hip ng cht ch gia cc lc lng tm kim cu nn ch ng
ng ph khi c tnh hung cp bch xy ra; bo m vic u t xy dng c s vt cht k
thut, mua sm trang thit b v pht trin ngun nhn lc phc v tm kim cu nn theo
ni dung n quy hoch tng th lnh vc tm kim cu nn n nm 2015, tm nhn n
nm 2020 c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt ti Quyt nh s 46/2006/Q-TTg
ngy 28 thng 02 nm 2006.
Bo m an ton cho h thng iu cc tnh t H Tnh tr ra; nng cao mc chng l
ca h thng cc vng duyn hi Trung B, Ty Nguyn v ng Nam B; hon thnh
cng c, nng cp h thng bin trong c nc bo v dn c, pht trin kinh t bin,
bo m an ninh, quc phng vng ven bin.
nh gi mi trng
79
Bo m an ton cho cc h cha, c bit l cc h cha nc ln, cc h cha c khu
dn c ng c hoc c s chnh tr, kinh t, vn ho, cng trnh quc phng, an ninh
quan trng h du.
Hon thnh 100% vic xy dng cc khu neo u tu, thuyn trnh tr bo theo quy hoch
c c quan nh nc c thm quyn ph duyt;
Hon thin h thng thng tin lin lc ngh c; 100% tu, thuyn nh bt xa b c thit b
thng tin lin lc; k hip c cu h, cu nn trn bin vi cc nc v vng lnh th trong
khu vc.
(b) Chin lc Bo v Mi trng Quc gia n nm 2010 v nh hng n nm 2020
Chin lc Bo v Mi trng Quc gia n nm 2010 v nh hng n nm 2020 c Th
tng chnh ph ph duyt ngy 2/12/2003 vi nh hng n nm 2020 l: Ngn chn v c
bn mc gia tng nhim, phc hi suy thoi v nng cao cht lng mi trng, bo m pht
trin bn vng t nc; bo m cho mi ngi dn u c sng trong mi trng c cht
lng tt v khng kh, t, nc, cnh quan v cc nhn t mi trng t nhin khc t chun
mc do Nh nc quy nh. Mc tiu ca chin lc n nm 2010 l: Hn ch mc gia tng
nhim, khc phc tnh trng suy thoi v ci thin cht lng mi trng; gii quyt mt bc c
bn tnh trng suy thoi mi trng cc khu cng nghip, cc khu dn c ng c cc thnh
ph ln v mt s vng nng thn; ci to v x l nhim mi trng trn cc dng sng, h ao,
knh mng. Nng cao kh nng phng trnh v hn ch tc ng xu ca thin tai, ca s bin
ng kh hu bt li i vi mi trng; ng cu v khc phc c hiu qu s c nhim mi
trng do thin tai gy ra. Khai thc v s dng hp l cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin, bo m
cn bng sinh thi mc cao, bo tn thin nhin v gi gn a dnh sinh hc. Ch ng thc hin
v p ng cc yu cu v mi trng trong hi nhp kinh t quc t, hn ch cc nh hng xu
ca qu trnh ton cu ho tc ng n mi trng trong nc nhm thc y tng trng kinh t,
nng cao cht lng cuc sng ca nhn dn, bo m pht trin bn vng t nc.
(c) Quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t x hi di ven bin min Trung n nm 2020
Quy hoch pht trin kinh t-x hi di ven bin min Trung n nm 2020 c Th tng chnh ph ph
duyt ngy 9/5/2008. Theo : Ngun vn huy ng u t nhm tp trung xy dng c s h tng cng
bin; cc khu, im du lch; cc khu kinh t, khu cng nghip; h thng giao thng, thy li, bu chnh-vin
thng v cng ngh thng tin; pht trin li in, c s h tng nng thn, kt cu h tng th; cng
nghip lc ha du, cng nghip ng tu... cho cc tnh di ven bin min Trung t Thanh Ha n Ninh
Thun; Tin hnh quy hoch, sp xp v ti nh c, h tr xy dng cng trnh nh cho hng chc nghn
h dn t Thanh Ha - Ph Yn thng xuyn b ngp lt sc chng chi vi bo, l; Ngoi ra, k hoch
nng cp h tng k thut nh thy li, h cha, k bo v chng st l ti khu dn c min ni, ven
sng; no vt chnh tr cc dng sng, ca sng b bi lp... cng c xut thc hin trong quy hoch.
(d) Quy hoch thy li cp vng, tnh
Cc quy hoch thy li ti vng d n gm c: Cc quy hoch thy li cp tnh, cc quy hoch thy li
trong iu kin bin i kh hu nc bin dng cho vng Nam Trung B v Bc Trung B.
nh gi mi trng
80
Cc quy hoch thy li cp tnh vi mc tiu: m bo s pht trin v s dng c hiu
qu ti nguyn nc, p ng nhu cu cp nc cho pht trin Nng nghip, nng thn v kt hp
phc v pht trin cc ngnh kinh t x hi ca tnh trong giai on 2011-2020, nhm xo i
gim ngho, nng cao i sng nhn dn, cng c quc phng an ninh v trt t an ton x hi.
Cc nhim v ca quy hoch bao gm: Gii quyt nc ch ng cp cho la, mu v cy cng
nghip v pht trin chn nui; nh hng cng tc phng chng l v gim nh thin tai; nh
hng cp nc cho cc ngnh kinh t: Pht trin Thu sn,Cp nc cho dn sinh, cp nc phc
v cc ngnh kinh t khc; nh hng cp nc pht trin Thu in nh; nh gi tc ng v
cc hot ng c nh hng n mi trng v cht lng nc t d bo trong tng lai, trng tm l
cc khu vc trng im.
Quy hoch thy li trong iu kin bin i kh hu nc bin dng cho vng Nam Trung
B v Bc Trung B vi mc tiu l: Trn c s kch bn bin i kh hu, nc bin dng i vi khu
vc, xut cc gii php tng th v thy li, ch ng phng, chng v gim nh thit hi do thin tai
gy ra, bo m pht trin bn vng v s dng c hiu qu ti nguyn nc cc lu vc sng. Nghin
cu xy dng cc cng trnh trn ca sng hn ch nh hng ca xm nhp mn, tiu thot nc...
p ng yu cu pht trin kinh t - x hi, nng cao i sng nhn dn trong vng d n. C th: nh
gi mc nh hng ca BKH NBD i vi vng Nam Trung B, Bc Trung B: Ngp ng, cp
nc, chng l, xm nhp mn; xut cc gii php tng th thy li thch ng vi BKH NBD,
ch ng phng, chng v gim nh thit hi do thin tai gy ra. Nhm m bo pht trin bn vng s
dng c hiu qu ti nguyn nc vng p ng cc nhu cu pht trin KTXH; Nghin cu XD cc cng
trnh trn ca sng hn ch nh hng ca xm nhp mn, tiu thot nc cho vng ven bin thch
ng vi BKH NBD; Lm c s xy dng k hoch thc hin chin lc pht trin thy li n
nm 2020, 2030 v nh hng n nm 2050 nhm p ng yu cu pht trin kinh t x hi, nng cao
i sng nhn dn trong vng d n.
() Quy hoch phng chng l v gim nh thin tai
Quy hoch phng chng l v gim nh thin tai cho cc lu vc sng trong vng d n c
thc hin trong nhng nm va qua. Mc tiu ca Quy hoch phng l cho lu vc sng bao gm:
m bo an ton tnh mng v ti sn ca nhn dn nm trong vng c bo v khng b nh
hng ca l v nhn dn sng trong vng thng xuyn b l e do; Ch ng phng chng
c cc trn l nh hn hoc bng l theo tn sut thit k. Vi cc trn l bt thng ln hn tn
sut thit k phi m bo an ton cho cng trnh chng l; Khng v gy thm ho v l.
Nhim v ca quy hoch phng chng l bao gm: Xc nh mc m bo phng chng l; Xc
nh c mc nc v lu lng l thit k cho tng on sng. Xc nh r mc nc bo ng
theo cc cp trn cc on sng phc v cho cng tc phng chng l; Xc nh v chn
phng n phng chng l cho h thng sng, bao gm gii php phi cng trnh v gii php cng
trnh phng chng l i vi tng tuyn sng trong h thng sng M. Cc gii php ny c
tnh cht kh thi v phi ni tnh cht l ca tng sng; Quy hoch chng l ph hp vi quy
hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca tnh, ph hp vi quy hoch s dng t ng thi n cng s
l cn c a phng hon chnh cc quy hoch chuyn ngnh khc c lin quan ti l cho ph
hp vi kh nng u t chng l theo tng giai on.
Cc gii php p dng bao gm gii php cng trnh v phi cng trnh. Gii php cng trnh
bao gm: Xy dng, cng c cc tuyn kt hp vi xy dng cc h cha thng ngun
nh gi mi trng
81
ct gim l cho h du. Hon chnh h thng , b bao, cc cng tiu ni vng c vn hnh
khng cho l ngoi lai trn sng xm nhp vo ni vng m bo chng c l bo v sn xut.
Gii php phi cng trnh bao gm: Tng cng nng lc cnh bo v d bo l; tng cng nng
lc cc i qun l iu; tuyn truyn gio dc cng ng; trng rng v bo v rng; trng cy
chn sng bo v ; xy dng cc chng trnh nghin cu; nng cao an ton h p; nng cao kh
nng qun l; xy dng cc tuyn ng trnh l; di dn trong vng b nh hng bi l lt
2.2. Chc nng nhim v ca cc c quan qun l mi trng
Phn ny tm tt cc t chc th ch v qun l mi trng hin nay v nh gi tc ng
mi trng, c trnh by trong chng 8, lut bo v mi trng, bao gm:
(a) Chc nng nhim v ca cc c quan qun l mi trng cp trung ng:
1) Chnh ph: Theo quy nh ti iu 11 Lut Bo v mi trng nm 2005 th Chnh
ph thng nht qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng trong phm vi c nc.
2) B Ti nguyn v Mi trng: Thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc trong cc
lnh vc: t ai; Ti nguyn nc; Ti nguyn khong sn, a cht;Mi trng;
Kh tng, thu vn; o c, bn ; Qun l tng hp v thng nht v bin v hi
o; Qun l nh nc cc dch v cng trong cc lnh vc thuc phm vi qun l
ca B.
3) Tng cc Mi trng: Thc hin chc nng tham mu, gip B trng B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng qun l nh nc v mi trng v thc hin cc dch v cng theo quy
nh ca php lut. Tng cc Mi trng c giao 18 nhim v v quyn hn, trong c
nhng nhim v chuyn mn c th nh: Kim sot nhim; qun l cht thi v ci thin
mi trng; bo tn a dng sinh hc; bo v mi trng lu vc sng, vng ven bin; thm
nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng; quan trc v thng tin mi trng...
4) Cc b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph:
B K hoch v u t: ch tr phi hp vi b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc
Chnh ph v U ban nhn cp tnh bo m yu cu bo v mi trng trong chin lc, quy
hoch tng th v k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca c nc, vng v d n, cng trnh
quan trng thuc thm quyn quyt nh ca Quc hi, Chnh ph, Th tng Chnh ph.
B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn: ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi
trng, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan v U ban nhn dn cp
tnh ch o, hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy
nh khc ca php lut c lin quan i vi sn xut, nhp khu, s dng ha cht, thuc bo
v thc vt, phn bn, cht thi trong nng nghip; i vi qun l ging cy trng, ging vt
nui bin i gen v sn phm ca chng; i vi cc h thng iu, thy li, khu bo tn
rng v nc sch phc v cho sinh hot nng thn.
B Cng thng: ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, b, c quan
ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan v U ban nhn dn cp tnh ch o, hng
dn, kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut
nh gi mi trng
82
c lin quan i vi lnh vc cng nghip; x l cc c s cng nghip gy nhim mi trng
nghim trng thuc thm quyn qun l; ch o pht trin ngnh cng nghip mi trng.
B Thy sn (nay c st nhp vo B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn: ch
tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph
c lin quan v U ban nhn dn cp tnh ch o, hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin php
lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan i vi lnh vc hot
ng nui trng, khai thc, ch bin thy sn; sinh vt thy sn bin i gen v sn phm ca
chng; cc khu bo tn bin.
B Xy dng: ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn Mi trng, b, c quan ngang b,
c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan v U ban nhn dn cc cp tnh ch o, hng dn,
kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c
lin quan i vi cc hot ng xy dng kt cu h tng cp nc, thot nc, x l cht thi
rn v nc thi th, khu sn xut dch v tp trung, c s sn xut vt liu xy dng, lng
ngh v khu dn c nng thn tp trung.
B giao thng vn ti: ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, b, c quan
ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan v U ban nhn dn cp tnh ch o, hng
dn, kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c
lin quan i vi hot ng xy dng kt cu h tng giao thng v hot ng giao thng vn ti.
B Y t: ch o, hng dn, kim tra vic qun l cht thi rn y t; cng tc bo v
mi trng trong cc c s y t, v sinh an ton thc phm v hot ng mai tng.
B Quc phng, B Cng an: huy ng lc lng ng ph, khc phc s c mi
trng; ch o, hng dn, kim tra, thanh tra cng tc bo v mi trng trong lc lng v
trang thuc thm quyn qun l.
Cc b khc, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph: thc hin cc nhim v
theo quy nh v phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ch o, hng dn, kim tra vic
thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng thuc phm vi qun l ca mnh.
5) V mi trng hoc V Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng: Gip B trng
cc B trong vic tham mu, trnh B trng ban hnh v t chc thc hin cc vn bn
php lut, chng trnh, k hoch, d n, n v bo v mi trng trong ngnh, lnh
vc c phn cng qun l. Phng/ Ban mi trng cc Tng cc, cc trc thuc:
tham mu, gip Cc trng, Tng cc trng v bo v mi trng i vi mt s Cc,
Tng cc trc thuc B, c quan ngang B p ng cc yu cu c th.

(b) Chc nng ca cc C quan qun l nh nc v mi trng a phng:

1) UBND cp tnh: C trch nhim thc hin qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng ti
a phng nh sau:
- Ban hnh theo thm quyn quy nh, c ch, chnh sch, chng trnh, k hoch v bo v
mi trng.
nh gi mi trng
83
- Ch o, t chc thc hin chin lc, chng trnh, k hoch v nhim v v bo v mi
trng.
- Ch o xy dng, qun l h thng quan trc mi trng ca a phng.
- Ch o nh k t chc nh gi hin trng mi trng
- T chc thm nh, ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng thuc thm quyn.
- Tuyn truyn, gio dc php lut v bo v mi trng.
- Ch o cng tc kim tra, thanh tra, x l vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng; gii
quyt tranh chp, khiu ni, t co, kin ngh v mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut v
khiu ni, t co v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan; phi hp vi U ban
nhn dn cp tnh lin quan gii quyt cc vn mi trng lin tnh.

2) S Ti nguyn v Mi trng: Gip U ban nhn dn cp tnh thc hin cc nhim v,
quyn hn qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng trn a bn tnh nh sau:
- T chc nh gi hin trng mi trng ti a phng theo nh k; iu tra, xc nh khu
vc mi trng b nhim, lp danh sch cc c s gy nhim mi trng, gy nhim
mi trng nghim trng trn a bn v nh k bo co U ban nhn dn cp tnh, B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut; kim tra vic thc hin cc bin php
khc phc nhim mi trng ca cc c s .
- Ch tr hoc phi hp vi cc c quan c lin quan xy dng, t chc thc hin k hoch
huy ng cc ngun lc nhm ng ph, khc phc nhim mi trng do cc s c mi
trng gy ra theo phn cng ca U ban nhn dn cp tnh.
- Thc hin vic cp, gia hn v thu hi giy php i vi ch ngun thi, ch thu gom, vn
chuyn, x l cht thi rn nguy hi theo quy nh ca php lut; hng dn, kim tra, cp
giy xc nhn iu kin nhp khu ph liu theo thm quyn.
- T chc thm nh bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc, bo co nh gi tc ng mi
trng, n bo v mi trng, cc d n thit lp cc khu bo tn thin nhin, a dng
sinh hc thuc thm quyn ph duyt ca U ban nhn dn cp tnh; hng dn, kim tra
vic thc hin sau khi c ph duyt.
- Ch tr, phi hp t chc thc hin chng trnh, n bo v, khc phc, ci to cnh
quan mi trng lin ngnh, bo tn v pht trin bn vng cc vng t ngp nc (nu
c) theo phn cng ca U ban nhn dn cp tnh.
- Hng dn xy dng v t chc, qun l h thng quan trc mi trng theo quy nh ca
php lut; thng k, lu tr s liu v mi trng ti a phng.
- T chc thc hin cc hot ng truyn thng bo v mi trng thuc chc nng ca S.
- T chc vic thu ph thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng, ph bo v mi
trng i vi cht thi theo quy nh ca php lut.
- Tng hp d ton chi s nghip bo v mi trng ca cc c quan, n v thuc a
phng v phi hp vi S Ti chnh bo co U ban nhn dn cp tnh trnh Hi ng
nhn dn cng cp.

3) Chi cc Bo v mi trng: Chi cc c chc nng tham mu cho Gim c S Ti
nguyn v mi trng ban hnh theo thm quyn hoc trnh cp c thm quyn ban
nh gi mi trng
84
hnh, ph duyt cc vn bn php lut, chng trnh, k hoch, d n, n v bo v
mi trng ti tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng v t chc thc hin cc vn bn
php lut, chng trnh, k hoch, d n, n v bo v mi trng do cc c quan
Nh nc Trung ng, U ban nhn dn cp tnh, Gim c S Ti nguyn v Mi
trng ph duyt hoc ban hnh.

4) U ban nhn dn cp huyn: UBND cp huyn c trch nhim thc hin qun l nh
nc v bo v mi trng ti a phng nh sau:
- Ban hnh theo thm quyn quy nh, c ch, chnh sch, chng trnh, k hoch v bo
v mi trng;
- Ch o, t chc thc hin chin lc, chng trnh, k hoch v nhim v v bo v
mi trng;
- T chc ng k v kim tra vic thc hin cam kt bo v mi trng;
- Tuyn truyn, gio dc php lut v bo v mi trng;
- Ch o cng tc kim tra, thanh tra, x l vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng; gii
quyt tranh chp, khiu ni, t co, kin ngh v bo v mi trng;
- Phi hp vi U ban nhn dn cp huyn c lin quan gii quyt cc vn mi trng
lin huyn;
- Thc hin cc nhim v qun l Nh nc v bo v mi trng theo y quyn ca c
quan qun l Nh nc v bo v mi trng cp tnh;
- Ch o cng tc qun l Nh nc v bo v mi trng ca UBND cp x.

5) Phng Ti nguyn v Mi trng: Phng Ti nguyn v Mi trng gip UBND cp
huyn thc hin cc nhim v, quyn hn qun l Nh nc v bo v mi trng trn
a bn cp huyn. C th: t chc ng k, xc nhn v kim tra thc hin cam kt bo
v mi trng v n bo v mi trng trn a bn; lp bo co hin trng mi
trng theo nh k; xut cc gii php x l nhim mi trng lng ngh, cc
cm cng nghip, khu du lch trn a bn; hng dn U ban nhn dn cp x quy
nh v hot ng v to iu kin t chc t qun v bo v mi trng hot ng
c hiu qu.

6) UBND cp x: UBND cp x c trch nhim thc hin qun l nh nc v bo
v mi trng ti a phng.

7) Cn b a chnh Xy dng: Gip UBND cp x thc hin chc nng qun l
nh nc v mi trng

8) B phn chuyn mn v BVMT trong cc doanh nghip nh nc v cc khu
cng nghip, khu ch xut, vv.
nh gi mi trng

85
PH LC 3
MI TRNG NN CC LU VC SNG

3.1. Mi trng nn lu vc sng M
Lu vc sng M nm sn pha ng ca dy Trng Sn thuc cc Bc ca Trung B, Trung Lo v Ty
bc Bc B. Lu vc nm v tr a l t 22
0
3733 n 22
0
3733 v Bc v 103
0
0510 n 106
0
0510
kinh ng. Dng chnh sng M bt ngun t sn pha nam dy Pu Hui Long Tun Gio thuc tnh
in Bin, chy theo hng ty bc - ng nam qua Sn La, Sm Na (Lo), Ho Bnh, Thanh Ho ri ra
bin ti 3 ca: ca Sung, ca Lch Trng v ca Hi. Sng M l sng ln, c din tch lu vc ng th 5
Vit Nam sau cc sng M Kng, sng Hng _ Thi bnh, sng ng Nai v sng C. Tng din tch ton lu
vc l 28.400 km
2
trong , din tch thuc lnh th Vit Nam l 17.720 km
2
chim 62% tng din tch ton lu
vc, ti Lo l 10.680 km
2
chim 38% din tch lu vc. Bn lu vc sng M xem Hnh 1.1 (Ph lc 1).
Ma: Lng ma bnh qun nm phn thng ngun khong 1.200-1.700 mm/nm, phn trung lu khong
1.500-1.600 mm/nm, vng thng ngun sng Chu 2.000-2.200 mm/nm, vng ng bng h du 1.600-
1.800 mm/nm. Ma ma thng ngun t thng V n thng X. Ma ma vng sng Chu t cui thng VIII
n u thng XI.
Dng chy: Dng chy trn sng bin i mnh theo thi gian v khng gian. Lng dng chy thng, nm
trung bnh nhiu nm ti mt s trm thu vn.
Nhn chung, s phn phi dng chy trong nm ca sng va v ln u c dng 1 nh vi nh cao nht
xut hin vo thng IX hay thng VIII; ring i vi cc sng nh lu vc sng Chu th dng phn phi c 2
nh, trong nh ph xut hin vo thng V hay VI.
Mc thay i dng chy trong nm ti Cm Thy kh ln. Lu lng dng chy thng IV (111m
3
/s)
ch bng 1/3 lu lng bnh qun nm (334 m
3
/s) v bng 1/7 lu lng bnh qun thng ln nht (thng
VIII). S liu thng k cho thy dng chy l ln nht quan trc c ti Ca t, Xun Khnh v Cm Thy ln
hn dng chy kit nh nht ti cng v tr quan trc l 442,1713 v 258 ln. Thi gian xut hin l thay i theo
tng v tr. T thng VI n thng X trn sng M, t thnh VI n thng XI trn thng ngun sng Chu v
t thng VII n thng XI trn h du sng Chu. Tng lng dng chy ma l chim 65-80% tng lng
dng chy nm. Hng nm, sng M ti ra bin mt lng nc 18 t m
3
/nm. Dng chy phn b khng
u. Vo ma kh, tng lng dng chy ch c 4,76 t m
3
, tng ng vi 26% dng chy nm. Trong khi
4 thng ma l tng lng dng chy chim ti 74% tng lng dng chy nm. Tng lng nc bnh
qun u ngi trn lu vc sng M l hn 4.100 m
3
/ngi cao hn mc y (4.000m
3
/nm) khng nhiu
tuy nhin nu xt ti yu t trn sng M c 22% dng chy t nc ngoi chy vo th ch tiu trn gim i
nhiu v vo ma kit tng lng nc bnh qun u ngi trn lu vc sng M l 1.080 m
3
. So vi cc lu
vc sng c tng lng nc bnh qun u ngi ln nht ca Vit Nam (sng Cu Long) v lu vc sng
tng lng nc bnh qun theo u ngi nh nht (sng ng Nai), tng lng nc bnh qun u ngi
ca sng M tng ng l 6,7 ln v 1,46 ln.
nh gi mi trng

86
Dng chy ma kit: Dng chy ma kit chim 26% tng lng dng chy nm.
Dng chy ma l: Ma l xut hin khng ng thi trong h thng sng: thng VI-X lu vc sng M,
VI-IX thng lu sng Chu, VIII-XI trung v h lu pha hu ngn sng Chu. Lng dng chy ma l
chim khong 65-80% lng dng chy ton nm. Lu lng nh l ln nht trong chui nm quan trc ti 3
trm thu vn trn h thng sng M.
S liu thng k cho thy dng chy l ln nht quan trc c ti Ca t, Xun Khnh v Cm
Thy ln hn dng chy kit nh nht ti cng v tr quan trc l 442, 1713 v 258 ln.
Xm nhp mn: Xm nhp mn b nh hng bi triu v dng chy trn sng. Trong ma kit mn xm
nhp h du sng Ln ti 20-25 km tnh t ca sng. Sng Ln xm nhp mn ln n Yn n, sng Cn ln
ti M Quan Trang v sng M ln ti ng ba Tun. Ton b sng Lch Trng trong ma kit u b mn.
Mn trn sng M ti Hm Rng khi nh triu ln mn ln ti 6%o trong 2-3 gi, ti ng ba Tun mn ln
n 0,1%o trong na con triu. Trn sng Ln mn 0,1%o c nm ln ti Bo Vn. Trn sng Lch Trng ma
kit mn thng xuyn ln n Xiphng C .
3.1.2. iu kin mi trng sinh thi
Bng 3.1: iu kin sinh thi lu vc sng M
Hng mc
Din tch
lu vc sng
M
(km
2
)
Tng din
tch
a phn
Vit Nam

28,400 17,720
Sc kho
mi
trng
a dng
sinh hc
& cc h
sinh thi
c trng
chnh
Bao gm : h sinh thi trn cn v di nc
H sinh thi lu vc sng M mang c trng ca c h
sinh thi vng ng Bc v Bc Trung B. Rng thng
xanh l loi rng c trng cho rng t nhin ca lu vc; loi
rng thng xanh vng t thp ch cn tn ti mt vi ni
thuc Vn quc gia Bn n.
Cc khu
Bo tn
C 4 khu Bo tn, bao gm Vn Quc gia, Khu Bo
tn thin nhin c Chnh ph cng nhn
Ch s din tch khu bo tn ca lu vc l 5.56%, mc
trung bnh thp so vi cc lu vc khc. Ch s ny th hin gi
tr bo tn v ti sn mi trng trong lu vc mc trung
bnh thp
Cc di tch
vn ha, lch
s
C 4 Di tch vn ha lch s trong lu vc c Chnh
ph cng nhn.
Ch s v Di tch vn ha lch s ca Lu vc mc
trung bnh (4) so vi cc lu vc khc
nh gi mi trng

87
Ti sn
mi trng
chnh lin
quan n ti
nguyn nc
1. Khu Bo tn Thin nhin Sp Cp
V tr, din tch, ngun nc:
Din tch :27,886 ha
Khu Bo tn thin nhin nm a phn huyn Sng M-
thuc vng ni Ty Bc Vit Nam. a hnh dc, nhiu dy ni
nh, vi cao 450-1940 m. H sinh thi v lp thm thc vt
c nui dng v thot nc bi cc sng nhnh ca sng
M
Rng t nhin b tn ph nng n thay th l cc bi
cy, bi rm. Tuy nhin, rng thng xanh vn cn tn ti mt
vi ni c a hnh cao.
Trc y khu h ng vt rt phong ph, c tnh a dng
sinh hc cao vi nhiu loi ng vt c v ln, nh loi t gic
xut hin vo nhng nm 1950. Tuy nhin, tnh a dng sinh
hc ni y b suy gim trong nhng nm gn y.
Rng ca Khu bo tn Sp Cp c vai tr quan trng i
vi vic bo v ngun nc sng, sui cho cng ng cp
nc ti cho nng nghip v sinh hot.
2. Rng Quc gia Bn n
V tr, din tch, ngun nc
Din tch: 16,634 ha
Vn Quc gia Bn n thuc a phn huyn Nh Thanh
v Nh Xun, Thanh Ha, nm trong vng i ni thp bao
quanh h nc. Cao t 20-497 m, a phn di 200 m. H
cao 50 m trn mc nc bin vi din tch 2281 ha. a cht
ca Vn quc gia ch yu l trm tch, c bit l t .
Mt s ni l vi, v vng m pha ng bc Vn quc
gia cn thy cc hang ng karst vi huyn o
H sinh thi nm trong vng li ca Vn quc gia c
nui dng bi sng Mc, cn vng m rng theo d kin c
ngun nc sng Chang nui dng
Vn Quc gia Bn n c tnh a dng sinh hc mc
trung bnh. N gp phn bo v mt s vng him hoi rng
thng xanh vng t thp ca Bc Trung B Vit Nam. Tuy
vy, rng b trit ph trc y bi mc ch thng mi, v
kt qu l ch cn nhng cy khng tn l che bng mt v ph
bin l bi cy thp nh tre na. D sao, k t khi cm khai
thc g v mc ch thng mi, cht lng rng tr nn tt
hn
C 870 loi thc vt bc cao, 375 loi ng vt bao gm:
lng c, b st, ng vt c v v chim (1998), trong ,
nhiu loi thc vt v ng vt c v c tn trong danh sch cc
loi c nguy e do mc ton cu.
nh gi mi trng

88
Yu t t
nhin
S dng t T l
t rng : 44%
t nng nghip: 20%
t 3%
t chuyn dng 4%
S dng khc 29%
che
ph
rng

Ch s che ph rng ca lu vc chim 6.18% tng din
tch rng c nc, thp so vi cc lu vc khc. Nh vy lu
vc ng vai tr quan trng mc thp i vi mc tiu rng
c nc
T l rng ca lu vc l: 44.4% mc trung bnh so vi
cc lu vc khc. T l ny ch ra tm quan trng cho qu trnh
pht trin bn vng ca lu vc sng
T l rng t nhin l 77.7% cho thy cht lng rng kh
tt v thun li cho qu trnh iu ho dng chy v cht lng
nc. Tuy nhin, c th thy rng cht lng rng t nhin
ang tip tc b chia ct v suy thoi. Hu ht rng t nhin l
rng ngho, rng ang phc hi. Din tch rng t nhin c gi
tr ch cn li cc khu bo tn hoc vn quc gia.

3.1.3. Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc
Theo bo co hin trng mi trng tnh Thanh Ha nm trong nhng nm gn y, cht lng mi
trng nc ti 4 con sng M, Ln, Cu To v Chu thuc lu vc sng M nhn chung cn tt. Hm lng
kim loi nng phn tch c, nh Ch, Cadimi, Asen, cn rt thp so vi QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT. Ti
mt s im quan trc trn cc sng ni trn, gi tr BOD vt qu QCVN i vi nc loi A. Tuy nhin,
gi tr ny vn cn rt thp so vi QCVN i vi nc loi B. Gi tr COD, ti tt cc trm quan trc trn cc
sng ni trn u thp hn ngng cho php i vi nc loi A theo QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT. Theo nh
gi, nc mt lu vc sng M c du hiu b nhim nh bi cc cht hu c ti mt s on chy qua khu
dn c, khu cng nghip.
Bng 3.2: Cc thng s cht lng mi trng nc lu vc sng M
im Quan trc Cc thng s quan trc
COD
(mg/l)
BOD
(mg/l)
NO3-
(mg/l)
SS
(mg/l)
Cd
(mg/l)
As
(mg/l)
Coliform
(MPN/ml)
Na Si 3,5 2,4 0,78 156 <0,001 <0,001 150
Ca H, Cm Thy 4,5 3,2 <0,01 150 <0,001 <0,01 150
Cu Kiu 5,9 4,2 1,36 250 0,001 <0,01 130
Cu Vn H 6,8 4,9 <0,01 110 <0,001 <0,01 210
Ng ba Bng 3,2 2,3 0,68 148 0,001 <0,01 130
Lng Ging 6,3 4,8 0,9 380 0,001 <0,01 220
Cu Hong Long 4,9 3,8 <0,01 320 0,001 <0,01 240
Cng L Mn 8,5 6,2 6,2 5520 0,002 <0,01 480
Ca Hi 7,8 5,6 5,8 25.640 0,001 <0,01 120
Cu To 8,6 5,9 1,82 1440 0,001 <0,01 180
Cu phao Bt Sn 9,8 7,3 1,45 1630 <0,001 <0,01 150
G - Nga Sn 4,8 3,4 0,12 169 <0,001 <0,01 170
nh gi mi trng

89
im Quan trc Cc thng s quan trc
COD
(mg/l)
BOD
(mg/l)
NO3-
(mg/l)
SS
(mg/l)
Cd
(mg/l)
As
(mg/l)
Coliform
(MPN/ml)
Thm 9,2 6,4 1,12 1970 0,001 <0,01 110
p Bi Thng 4,5 3,2 <0,01 105 <0,001 <0,01 120
Di ca x KCN Mc Sn 4,5 3,1 <0,01 118 <0,001 <0,01 120
Di XN giy Q 12,5 8,9 2,25 380 0,001 <0,01 720
Gip ng ba Bng 6,4 4,3 0,01 240 0,001 <0,01 160
Trn ca x KCN Mc Sn 9,4 6,4 1,78 322 <0,001 0,01 690
Cu Mc Sn 8,5 6,9 3,6 250 0,001 <0,01 190
Th trn Th Xun 5,8 3,6 0,68 145 0,001 <0,01 130
3.1.4. iu kin kinh t-x hi
iu kin kinh t
Tnh Thanh Ho chim phn ln din tch lu vc sng ny. GDP chim 2,83% GDP c nc. C cu kinh
t l: nng nghip 35%, cng nghip 32%, dch v 33%. Tng trng GDP hng nm trung bnh l 10,1%
trong 5 nm va qua. Din tch t nng nghip, t canh tc khng nhiu, trong din tch t trng la
chim 65%. Sn lng la hng nm thp. Sn lng chn nui ch chim 25% tng GDP trong nng nghip.
t lm nghip chim 75% din tch vng, tuy nhin gi tr sn xut khng cao. Thu sn pht trin nhanh,
ch yu l nui trng ven bin v nh bt trn sng. Cng nghip: pht trin chm, ch yu l cy ma
ng v sn xut vt liu. Nh my xi mng Nghi Sn v Khu cng nghip Nghi Sn l 2 c s cng nghip
chnh tnh. Du lch v thng mi tng trng chm, quy m nh. Khu du lch Sm Sn l im du lch
chnh. C cu kinh t v c cu s dng t lu vc sng M c th hin trn Hnh 3.1.

Hnh 3.1. C cu kinh t v c cu s dng t lu vc sng M
iu kin x hi
Dn s: Quy m dn s: Tnh n nm 2006, dn s trn lu vc sng M l 4382,6 nghn ngi, chim
5,21% so vi tng dn s ton quc v 5,3% so vi dn s trong vng d n. Trong Thanh Ho: 3619,6
nghn ngi, chim gn 82,6% dn s ton lu vc. Tip n tnh Sn La: 559.1 nghn ngi, chim 12,75%,
th ba l tnh Ho Bnh: 185 nghn ngi, chim 4,23%, cn li l tnh Ngh An ch 18,1 nghn ngi, ch
chim 0,41% dn s lu vc. Mt dn s: Mt dn s trung bnh l 247 ngi/km2. Trong lu vc sng
nh gi mi trng

90
M, mt dn s khng ng u: Thanh Ho c mt dn s trung bnh cao nht: 330 ngi/km2, tip
n Ngh An; 186 ngi/km2, Ho Bnh 175 ngi/km2. Thp nht l Sn La ch c 71 ngi/km
2
. Dn c
phn b khng u, tp trung ch yu cc thnh ph nh thnh ph Thanh Ho, th x Sm Sn v cc th
trn, th x. T l tng trng dn s trung bnh ca lu vc l: 1.11%. T l tng trng dn s cao nht
thuc tnh Sn La: 1,80%, tip n l tnh Ho Bnh, v thp nht l Ngh An. T l tng trng dn s cao
ca Sn La c l do ti tnh ny ang xy dng cng trnh Thu in Sn La v thu ht mt lng lao ng
v y. Dn s thnh th lu vc sng M chim 10.5% dn s ca ton lu vc sng, cn li l dn c
nng thn, chim 89,5%.
Dn tc: Dn tc t ngi chim 25,55%. Thanh Ho c 14,4% v Ngh An 13,25%. Cc dn tc t ngi c
t l h ngho cao. Dn tc t ngi ch yu sinh sng vng nng thn, vng su vng xa v sng bng
ngh nng nghip t cung, t tc l ch yu.
T l h ngho trung bnh ca lu vc chim ti 53,8%, xp th nht trong tng s 16 lu vc sngv cao
gp gn 3 ln so vi t l ngho trung bnh ca ton quc. Trong lu vc, t l h ngho cao nht thuc tnh
Ngh An 83,41% (t l ngho ca huyn Qu Phong), 40.8%, th ba l Thanh Ho : 35,65%.
Vic lm: Vic lm ch yu vn tp trung trong lnh vc nng nghip, cao nht l Sn La hn 90%, tip n
l tnh Ho Bnh 82%. Ngh An v Thanh Ho xp x 70%. Nh vy Lu vc sng M vn ch yu pht trin
nng nghip. Cng nghip v dch v cha pht trin. Cng nghip pht trin mnh nht tnh Thanh Ho v
tp trung ch yu khu vc th: Thnh ph Thanh Ho.
3.2. Mi trng nn lu vc sng C
Sng C l sng lin quc gia v l mt trong nhng lu vc sng ln Vit Nam. Sng c v tr a l 18
0
1500
n 20
0
1030 v Bc; 103
0
4520 n 105
0
1520 kinh ng. Dng chnh sng C bt ngun t Mng
Kht, Mng Lp Lo, cao trn 1800-2000 m, chy theo hng ty bc - ng nam vo tnh Ngh an ti
Keng Du ri ra bin ti ca Hi. thng lu, lng sng hp v dc, c nhiu ghnh, on trung lu (t Con
Cung n Anh Sn) lng sng m rng v tip nhn sng Hiu b tri, on h lu chy qua vng ng bng,
tip nhn sng La b phi sau ra bin ti Ca Hi. Tng din tch lu vc l 29.930 km
2
trong din tch
thuc lnh th Vit Nam l 20.460 km
2
. Bn lu vc sng C xem Hnh 1.2 (Ph lc 1).
Ma: Ma bnh qun trn lu vc khong 1.700-1.800 mm/nm. Mt s tm ma ln thuc lu vc
sng La t 2.200 mm/nm, lu vc sng Ging t 2.000-4.000 mm/nm. Ma kh lng ma ch t
35%, nhng 4 thng ma ma t ti 65% tng lng ma c nm.
Bng 3.3: Ma thng, nm bnh qun ti mi s v tr trn lu vc sng
n v: mm
Thng I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII TB
Vinh 55,0 42,8 47,2 65,1 138,1 119,8 112,9 214,8 515,0 513,0 170,7 96,4 2066,0
Ty
Hiu
20,6 22,2 31,0 70,2 151,0 169,0 159,5 247,3 346,7 276,6 63,7 22,2 1580,0
Hng
Kh
45,0 44,8 61,9 97,4 206,6 168,6 147,2 162,6 447,8 552,5 197,1 70,7 2275,0
Ngun: Nguyn Vn Xun, Cc lu vc sng ln.
Dng chy: Dng chy trn sng l kt qu ca ma v iu kin a hnh ca lu vc.
Dng kit trn sng C (Yn thng) ko di 7 thng (XII VI). Dng chy l sng C (Yn thng) ko di
5 thng (VII XI). Ti Yn Thng dng chy bnh qun thng nh nht xp x dng chy nm v 1/10
nh gi mi trng

91
dng chy thng ln nht. Tng lng dng chy nm ca sng C l 23,5 t m
3
trong c 20.5 t m
3
hay
87% tng lng dng chy nm c hnh thnh trn lnh th Vit nam. S cn li 3.0 t m
3
(13%) t nc
bn Lo chy vo. Lng nc trung bnh nhiu nm bnh qun u ngi trn lu vc sng C l 6.050
m
3
/ngi/nm. Trong ma kit lng nc bnh qun u ngi l 1.760 m
3
. So vi cc lu vc sng khac
lng nc bnh qun u ngi ca sng C ln gp 1.5 ln mc nc do t chc kh tng th gii a
ra (4.000 m
3
/ngi/nm).
Dng chy kit: Ma kit trn lu vc t thng I-VIII, nhng do c l tiu mn nn y c hai thi k kit l
thng III thng IV v thng VII, thng VIII. Thng III, IV l thng kit nht trong nm.
Dng chy l: Trn lu vc c 2 thi k l l tiu mn vo thng V, VI v l chnh v thng IX-XI. Thi
k xut hin l chnh v trn cc nhnh sng khc nhau. Pha dng chnh l bt u t thng VI kt thc
vo thng X, XI. Pha sng La l t thng VIII v kt thc vo thng XII. L trn sng Lam ko di t
thng VI-XII. L trn cc nhnh sng C khng bao gi xut hin ng thi, nht l cc con l ln. L
nhnh sng Hiu, sng C thng xut hin l kp, sng Ging, sng La li xut hin l n.
Bng 3.4: Lu lng nh l thc o ln nht mt s trm trn lu vc sng C
n v: m
3
/s
Trm o 1960 1962 1971 1973 1978 1988 1996 2002
Sng C
Mng Xn 988 1.170 1.110 743
Ca Ro 1.520 2.760 3.020 5.690 2.560 3.890
Da 2.790 6.660 4.610 7.300 10.200 8.840 5.710
Yn Thng 5.200 5.940 13.180 10.280 6.210
Sng La
Sn Dim 3.820 1.350 1.690 985 3.630 3.650 2.980 4.480
Ho Duyt 3.880 2.280 2.090 1.720 2.870 2.680 2.560 2.730
Tri Tr 1.120 242 758
Xm nhp mn: Theo ti liu thc o thng IV mt s nm ca Vin quy hoch Thu li gii hn 10/00 trn
sng La n cng c X, trn sng C n cu Yn Xun. Gii hn mn vng triu ph thuc vo lu lng
t thng ngun v v hng gi ca sng. Nu lu lng ti Yn Thng t t 150-180 m
3
/s th mn
10/00 ti c X, Ch Chng ch xut hin 2-3 gi v ti Trung Lng ch xut hin 6- 8 gi. Nhng nu lu
lng ti Yn Thng ch t nh hn 100 m
3
/s th mn 10/00 ti Yn Xun 3 gi, Ch Chng 6 gi,
Trung Lng 12 gi, iu ny cho thy vic b sung lu lng thng ngun y mn l rt cn thit.

nh gi mi trng

92
Bng 3.5: iu kin mi trng sinh thi lu vc sng C
Hng mc
Din tch
lu vc sng
C (km
2
)
Tng din
tch
a phn
Vit Nam

29,930 20,460
Sc kho
mi
trng
a dng
sinh hc &
cc h sinh
thi
c trng
chnh
Bao gm : h sinh thi trn cn v di nc
H sinh thi lu vc sng C mang c trng ca h
sinh thi vng Bc Trung B. Hai loi rng: thng xanh ni
thp v t thp l i din cho rng t nhin ca Lu vc;
Lu vc nm Vng Bc Trung B, mang nt c
trng di v hp gia di Trng Sn v Bin. Nhng khu
rng giu vn cn ph dc Trng Sn, gn Bin gii Lo.
Cc khu
Bo
tn
C 3 khu Bo tn, bao gm Vn Quc gia, Khu Bo
tn thin nhin c Chnh ph cng nhn
Ch s din tch khu bo tn ca lu vc l 10.78%,
mc trung bnh cao so vi cc lu vc khc. Ch s ny th
hin gi tr bo tn v ti sn mi trng trong lu vc mc
trung bnh cao
Cc di tch
lch s, vn
ha, du lich
Ch c 1 Di tch vn ha lch s trong lu vc c
Chnh ph cng nhn.
Ch s v Di tch vn ha lch s ca Lu vc mc
thp (1) so vi cc lu vc khc.
Ti sn
mi trng
chnh lin
quan n
ti nguyn
nc
1. Vn Quc gia P Mt
Din tch 91,113 ha
VQG P Mt nm pha bc dy Trng Sn. cao
ca VQG dao ng trong khong 100 n 1841 m, mc d
vy, 90% din tch VQG nm cao di 1000 m. nh cao
nht nm pha nam VQG trn dy ni nm gia bin gii
Vit Nam - Lo.
H sinh thi v thm thc vt c nui dng v tiu thot
nc bi 4 con sng chnh l Khe Thi, Khe Bu, Khe
Choang v Khe Khang. C bn con sng ny u vo
sng C chy t hng ty sang ng qua mt vng thung
lng rng pha bc VQG.
Rng VQG P Mt bo v vng u ngun ca bn con
sng l ngun cung cp nc thy li v sinh hot chnh cho
cc cng ng dn c sng vng m. Ngoi ra, rng
VQG P Mt bo v mt phn vng u ngun ca sng C,
mt sng chnh ca tnh Ngh An.
nh gi mi trng

93

C tng s 2469 loi thc vt, 938 loi ng vt (120
loi ng vt c v, 295 loi chim..). c bit P Mt l
mt trong cc Khu Bo tn loi ng vt c v Vit
Nam (pht hin loi Sao la- Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), 37
loi c v nm trong sch Vit Nam v Th gii.
VQG P Mt l mt trong nhng mu chun tt nht ca
h sinh thi vng ni Trng Sn v c ngha bo tn
quc t. VQG P Mt l ni cn gi li c vng rng t
nhin lin tc ln nht min Bc Vit Nam v c lin kt
vi cc khu bo v khc Vit Nam v Lo bng nhng
vng rng lin tc

2. Vn Quc gia V Quang
Din tch 55,029 ha
Vn quc gia V Quang thuc a phn huyn Hng Sn
v Hng Kh, tnh H Tnh v nm pha bc dy Trng
Sn. C nhng dc ng cao trn 2000 m, t 30m
vng t thp ln ti 2286 m ti nh ni Ro C, bin gii
Vit-Lo
H sinh thi c nui dng bi 3 con sng: Nam Trui,
R No, Khe Tre. Nhng sng ny bt ngun t pha Nam
ca Vun, dc, hp, sng chy xit.
C 465 loi thc vt bc cao v 70 loi dng vt c v, 273
loi chim,trong c nhiu loi qu him
Vn quc gia c xem nh mt trong nhng quan trng
nht v bo tn cc loi chim.
Yu t t
nhin
S dng t T l
t rng : 40%
t nng nghip: 19%
t 1%
t chuyn dng 4%
S dng khc 36%
che ph
rng

Ch s che ph rng ca lu vc chim 6.45% tng din tch
rng c nc, thp so vi cc lu vc khc. Nh vy lu vc
ng vai tr quan trng mc thp i vi mc tiu rng c
nc
T l rng ca lu vc l : 40% mc trung bnh so vi cc
lu vc khc. T l ny ch ra tm quan trng cho qu trnh
pht trin bn vng ca lu vc sng
T l rng t nhin l 76.3% cho thy cht lng rng kh tt
v thun li cho qu trnh iu ho dng chy v cht lng
nc. Hn na cht lng rng thc t cn tt do rng
nguyn sinh vn cn nhiu
Kt qu quan trc ca tnh H Tnh v Ngh An trong nhng nm gn y cho thy, ti cc im quan trc trn
cc sng Quyn, La, Lam v sng o Ca Tin, cha pht hin thy du hiu b nhim nc bi cc kim loi
nng, nh Cd, Pb. Tuy nhin, gi tr BOD ti cc im quan trc di u vt qu QCVN i vi nc loi A,
mc d gi tr ny vn thp hn so vi QCVN i vi nc loi B. Gi tr Coliform vt qu QCVN i vi
nc loi B ti mt s im quan trc nh cu Ty yn (huyn K Anh, H Tnh) v ti cu c (Ngh An).
nh gi mi trng

94
Bng 3.6: Cc thng s cht lng mi trng nc lu vc sng C

TT Cc thng s S. Quyn (ti cu
Ty Yn, K Anh,
H Tnh)
S. La (ti cu Th
Tng, c Th,
H Tnh)
S. Lam (ti
cu Bn Thy,
Ng An)
S. o Ca Tin
(ti cu c,
Ngh An)
1 COD (mg/l) 28,7 22 10,1 12,2
2 BOD (mg/l) 18,4 17,2 5,7 6,58
3 DO (mg/l) 5,6 6,3 5,03 4,58
4 NH4+ (mg/l) 0,54 0,41 0,41 0,39
5 NO3- (mg/l) - - 3,66 4,06
6 PO43- (mg/l) - - 0,04 0,12
7 SS (mg/l) 29 37 34 42
8 Pb (mg/l) - - KPH KPH
9 Cd (mg/l) - - KPHK KPH
10 Coliform
(MPN/ml)
12.600 580 700 11000
3.2.4. iu kin kinh t-x hi
iu kin kinh t
Lu vc sng C bao gm ch yu 2 tnh Ngh An v H Tnh. GDP ca lu vc chim 2,97% tng GDP c
nc. C cu kinh t l: nng nghip 38%, cng nghip 26% v dch v 36%. Tng trng GDP bnh qun l
9,8% trong 5 nm va qua.
Nng nghip: sn lng go trung bnh l 40 tn/ha (2002). Chn nui tp trung ch yu l
vt nui v ln quy m nh ca cc gia nh.
Cng nghip: mt s ngnh cn gnghip va mi hnh thnh nh xi mng, ma ng, thp.
Khu cng nghip Vng ng c tim nng ln pht trin kinh t.
Thu sn: c nhiu kh khn v ngun nc.
Du lch v Thng mi: quy m nh, tng trng chm.

Hnh 3.2. C cu kinh t v c cu s dng t lu vc sng C
iu kin x hi
Dn s: Quy m dn s lu vc l 3883.5 nghn ngi, chim 4,6% dn s quc gia v 4,78% dn s cc lu
vc sng. Dn s lu vc sng C bao gm ton b dn s ca Ngh An tr 50% dn s huyn Qu Phong
(thuc sng M) v chim n 78% dn s ton lu vc, tip n l H Tnh 20% (tr 3 huyn Thch H, Cm
nh gi mi trng

95
Xuyn, K Anh), Thanh Ho ch c 2%- l dn s thuc mt na huyn Nh Xun. T l tng trng dn s
bnh qun gn 1,3%. C khong 20% dn s thnh ph, th v 30% dn s vng i ni v vng ni cao.
Mt dn s: Mt dn s trung bnh ca lu vc l 190 ngi, trong khi mt dn s ng bng 453
ngi/km
2
. Mt dn s ca Ngh An l 186 ngi/km
2
, H Tnh: 217 ngi/km
2
. T l tng trng dn s:
T l tng trng dn s trung bnh ca lu vc l 0,88%. Nh vy lu vc sng C trong nhng nm qua vn
tip tc xut c i vng khc.
Dn tc: Trn lu vc c 9,58% dn tc thiu s, ch yu sinh sng cc huyn min ni, vng su, vng xa
ca 3 tnh Thanh Ho, Ngh An v H Tnh c bit l Thanh Ho. Thnh phn dn tc bao gm ngi Cht,
Mng, Thi, Ty, Nng
th ha: Dn s thnh th chim 10,7%, xp x lu vc sng M (10,5%).
T l h ngho: T l h ngho chim ti 47%, cao ng th ba sao lu vc sng M v sng Srepok. T l
ngho i cao nht huyn Tng Dng (Ngh An): 96%, tip n huyn K Sn: 93%, cao gp hn 4,5
ln so vi mc ngho i chung ton quc, v cao gp 10 ln so vi t l ngho i ti Thnh ph Vinh
(9,51%). Huyn Mng Lt Thanh Ho: 82,91%, cao gn 10 ln so vi t l ngho thuc thnh ph Thanh
Ho (8,91%). Do dn c phn b khng u, vng ng bng t ai t nhng dn c li sng tp trung nn
xy ra tnh trng "t cht ngi ng", nhng nm trc y do c ch trng ca Nh nc v bng nhiu
con ng tm ni lp nghip H Tnh chuyn c mt s lng dn c kh ln vo nh c cc tnh
pha Nam. My nm gn y Nh nc khng c ch trng di dn ngoi tnh, hn na cc tnh pha Nam
cng khng tip nhn nn vic di dn ngoi tnh khng thc hin c. Ch c t nm 1997-2001 c 110 h
di dn ra huyn o C T tnh Qung Ninh. Cng tc di dn ch yu l di dn ni tnh bnh qun mi nm t
400-500 h vo cc vng d n kinh t mi: ch, cao su, da, cy n qu. Nhm gii quyt nhng vng dn
c tp trung, vng ngp lt, vng gii phng mt bng khu cng nghip.
3.3. Mi trng nn lu vc sng Vu Gia Thu Bn
Lu vc sng Vu Gia - Thu Bn l mt trong nhng lu vc ln nht vng duyn hi min Trung, nm pha
ng dy Trng Sn, c v tr a l t 16
0
55'-14
0
55 v Bc n 107
0
15'-108
0
24' kinh ng. Hng dc
ch yu ca lu vc l hng ty bc - ng nam, dc trung bnh 25,5%. Thng lu l vng ni cao 1700-
2045m, cc dy ni cao to thnh hnh vng cung n ng ton b phn pha bc, pha ty v pha nam lu vc.
H lu l vng ng bng ven bin. Tng din tch lu vc 10.350 km
2
trong din tch thuc tnh Kon Tum
l 560,5 km
2
cn li ch yu thuc a phn tnh Qung Nam v thnh ph Nng. Lu vc Vu Gia - Thu Bn
nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma, chu s chi phi su sc ca yu t a hnh v vy to cho vng
ch kh hu d thng. Bn lu vc sng Vu Gia Thu Bn c th hin trn Hnh 1.6 (Ph lc 1).
Ma: Lng ma nm lu vc t 2.000-4.000 mm v phn b gim dn t min ni xung ng bng. Cc
sn ni c hng n gi lng ma tng r rt, ngc li cc sn khut gi lng ma gim i ng k.
Vng ng bng lng ma hng nm trn di 2.000 mm nh Nng l 2.051 mm, Hi An l 2.058 mm,
trong khi lng ma vng ni tng ln ng k nh B N l 2.341 mm, Nng Sn l 2.634 mm, c
bit vng ni cao thng ngun sng Thu Bn c hng a hnh n gi hnh thnh nhng trung tm
ma ln nh: Tr My l 3.738 mm/nm, Tin Phc l 2.833 mm/nm. Ma kh ko di 8 thng t thng I
VIII, lng ma ch chim 20-35% lng ma nm. Cc thng II, III v IV l cc thng t ma nht, ng
ng lng ma ch 10-30 mm, min ni 30-100 mm. Ma ma, cng l thi k gi ma ng Bc trn lu
vc, bt u t thng IX v kt thc vo thng XII mun hn so vi min Bc v min Nam. Vo ma ma,
lng ma chim t 65-80% lng ma c nm. Thng ma ln nht l thng X v thng XI chim 40-50%.
nh gi mi trng

96
Dng chy: Dng chy nm ca lu vc chia thnh 2 ma r rt (ma l v ma kit). S bin ng dng
chy nm trn lu vc sng Vu Gia Thu Bn kh phc tp, nm nc ln c th gp 4 n 8,25 ln nm
nc nh. Do tnh cht ma nn s phn phi dng chy gia cc thng trong nm khng u, chnh lch
gia cc thng nhiu nc v thng t nc trong nm rt ln.
Bng 3.7: Lng ma trung bnh nhiu nm ca cc trm trong lu vc
n v: mm
Trm I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
i Ngha 70,8 18,3 20,1 49,4 145,0 148,7 85,9 133,4 236,3 625,6 423,1 137,3
Nng 64,8 23,7 17,7 33,5 95,5 121,4 73,9 107,7 295,6 648,4 408,6 159,8
Cm L 58,7 13,1 15,5 35,9 91,3 116,1 51,0 91,6 280,7 612,6 377,0 158,6
B N 67,1 20,7 22,1 66,2 141,4 168,8 72,4 126,3 279,1 700,1 480,5 196,5
Cu Lu 59,3 22,2 19,0 35,6 76,7 109,9 51,9 104,1 231,4 597,4 434,2 177,4
Giao Thu 73,4 23,0 21,2 55,6 135,6 155,1 95,6 126,2 232,0 635,0 457,6 171,1
Hi An 67,6 31,4 22,8 38,9 95,6 109,5 66,7 101,4 284,3 609,8 433,1 196,8
Nng Sn 63,5 17,9 29,1 82,7 209,1 218,3 147,2 150,8 294,0 683,9 536,2 201,2
Qu Sn 65,8 24,5 22,7 48,2 123,1 177,8 81,9 148,8 234,4 660,0 432,6 181,2
Tr My 3,8 57,4 72,9 106,5 276,0 249,1 151,6 163,6 351,7 891,4 809,0 463,8
Thnh M 33,7 14,9 26,0 82,8 225,1 233,0 158,2 152,5 243,7 523,4 290,5 74,2
Sn Tn 84,6 26,8 30,3 82,4 216,1 188,6 115,5 147,2 347,9 613,2 579,0 199,4
Tin Phc 73,5 17,7 14,1 46,6 218,6 137,4 84,5 108,8 301,8 778,7 729,2 321,9
Trao 14,6 11,5 19,5 87,4 196,5 232,3 125,7 126,4 252,4 496,6 287,5 83,0
Thng Bnh 61,1 24,2 29,3 32,5 90,2 107,5 73,1 110,2 251,9 505,3 441,4 173,6
Bng 3.8: Lu lng dng chy thng ti trm Nng Sn v Thnh M
Trm Thnh M (Flv = 1.850 km
2
) Nng Sn (Flv = 3.150 km
2
)
Thng Q
(m
3
/s)
Qmax
(m3/s)
Qmin
(m
3
/s)
Qmax Qbq Q (m3/s) Qmax
(m
3
/s)
Qmin
(m
3
/s)
Qmax Qbq
Qmin Qmin Qmin Qmin
I 95.8 175 50.3 3.48 1.90 208 3.78 105 3.60 1.98
II 61.2 99.1 26.8 3.70 2.28 132 202 61.7 3.27 1.99
III 43.2 66.7 20.1 3.32 2.15 84.1 142 41.1 3.45 2.05
IV 35.8 56.9 16.2 3.31 2.21 64.0 170 28.1 6.05 2.28
V 47.6 79.5 21.5 3.70 2.21 95.3 188 39.1 4.81 2.44
VI 53.2 84.5 21.0 4.02 2.53 94.0 144 27.4 5.26 3.43
VII 41.6 60.6 22.0 2.75 1.89 70.5 123 34.6 3.55 2.04
VIII 44.6 89.9 28.1 3.20 1.59 65.7 120 31.3 3.83 2.10
IX 89.7 233 30.4 4.66 2.59 138 304 52.8 5.76 2.61
X 2.76 701 52.3 13.4 5.28 620 1276 85.0 15.0 7.29
XI 361 902 82.8 10.9 4.36 942 2196 254 8.65 3.71
XII 219 582 42.7 13.6 5.13 545 1090 123 8.86 4.43
Tng lng dng chy bnh qun nm: 20,4 t m
3
/nm
Lng nc bnh qun u ngi nm: 11.400 m
3
/ngi/nm
Lng nc bnh qun u ngi ma kit: 3.480 m
3
/ngi

Dng chy kit: Dng chy nh nht l vo thng IV hoc thng VIII. Lng nc ma kit chim 21,8-38,5%
lng nc c nm. Thng c lng nc nh nht l thng IV chim 2,1 2,6% lng nc c nm. Vng c dng
nh gi mi trng

97
chy ma kit ln nht l thng ngun cc sng Thu Bn, vng c dng chy ma kit nh nht l vng thuc
pha Bc v Ty Bc lu vc. Ma kit chia thnh 2 thi k:
+ Thi k dng chy kit n nh: dng chy ny ch yu l do lng nc tr trong lu vc sng cung
cp nn c xu hng gim dn theo thi gian (thng t thng I-IV hng nm).
+ Thi k dng chy kit khng n nh: t thng V-VII hng nm do ngun cung cp nc cho dng
chy thi k ny ngoi nc ngm cn c lng ma trong ma kit (ch yu l ma tiu mn thng V, VI)
do cc sng sui trong nm c dng chy kit ln th nht vo thng III, IV v ln 2 vo thng VII, VIII.
Bng 3.9: Dng chy kit nh nht ti Nng Sn v Thnh M
Trm Sng Flv
(km2)
Thi
gian o
Kit thng
(l/s.km2)
Thi
im
Kit ngy
(l/s.km2)
Thi
im
Thnh M Vu Gia 1850 76-98 8.76 4/83 6.11 4/9/88
Nng Sn Thu Bn 3150 76-98 8.98 4/83 4.63 17/8/77

Dng chy l: L trn lu vc Vu Gia - Thu Bn ln v nhanh do a hnh sng Vu Gia - Thu Bn rt dc v
nm trong vng c lng ma ln. Ma l thng bt u t trung tun thng IX v kt thc vo thng tun
thng I nm sau. Ma l thng xut hin chm hn t na thng n mt thng so vi ma ma. Thi gian
xut hin v kt thc ma l cng nh l ln nht trong nm tnh Qung Nam v thnh ph Nng kh
ng nht. Lng nc ma l t 62,5-69,2% lng nc c nm. Tuy nhin, thi gian l cng khng n
nh, nhiu nm l xy ra t thng IX v nhiu nm sang c thng I ca nm sau. Lu lng l ln nht o
c ti Nng Sn l 10.600 m
3
/s (4/12/1999) v ti Thnh M l 7.000 m
3
/s (20/11/1998).
Bng 3.10: nh l ln nht quan trc c ti cc trm thu vn (1976-2000)
Yu t Thnh M Nng Sn
Thi gian 20-11-98 20-11-98 v 4-12-1999
Qmax (m
3
/s) 7000 10600
qmax (m
3
/s.km2) 3,78 3,36
Xm nhp mn: Din bin mn trn sng c hai chu k tng ng vi hai k triu cng, trong
khong thi gian ny mn xm nhp su vo sng, cn vo hai thi k triu km mn t c kh nng xm
nhp su.
Bng 3.11: Thng k mn ln nht v mn nh nht trong ngy ti mt s im thuc lu vc sng
Sng V tr o (cch bin) Smax (%o) Smin (%o)
Hn Cu Nguyn Vn Tri (4,5km) 25 - 30 14 16
C Mn (12km) 8 12 3 4
Thu Bn Duy Vinh (2,7km) 18 - 22 10 18
Ch B (6,8km) 18 - 21 10 18
Duy Thnh (10km) 0,5 - 6 0,2 - 0,6
Cm Nam (8km) 22 - 25 8 13

nh gi mi trng

98
Bng 3.12: iu kin mi trng sinh thi lu vc sng Vu Gia - Thu Bn
Hng mc
Din tch
lu vc
(km
2
)
Tng din
tch
a phn
Vit Nam

10,350 10,350
Sc kho
mi trng
a dng
sinh hc &
cc h
sinh thi
c trng
chnh
Bao gm: h sinh thi trn cn, di nc v h sinh thi m ph
& rng ngp mn
Phn thng lu: c trng l rng thng xanh ni thp
Phn h lu ca sng: c trng l h sinh thi rng ngp
mn vi cc rng san h v cc cc thm c bin, vi 500 ha din
tch t t thuc cc x Cm Thanh, Cm Kim v vng quanh
th x Hi An - Tnh Qung Nam.
Cc khu
Bo
tn
C 3 khu bo tn c Chnh ph cng nhn l Vn quc
gia B N- Ni Cha v Khu Bo tn Thin nhin C Lao Chm
Ch s din tch khu bo tn ca lu vc l 3.84%, mc
trung bnh thp so vi cc lu vc khc. Ch s ny th hin gi
tr bo tn v ti sn mi trng trong lu vc mc trung
bnh thp
Cc di tch
Vn ho,
Lch
s
C 3 Di tch vn ha lch s c Chnh ph cng nhn. l
Ph c Hi An, Ng Hnh Sn, Thnh a M Sn, trong Ph
c Hi An v Thnh a M Sn l 2 di tch vn ho c ang
trong qu trnh ngh UNESCO cng nhn l Di sn Vn ho
Th gii
Ch s v di sn vn ho/lch s ca lu vc kh cao (3) so
vi cc lu vc.
nh gi mi trng

99
Ti sn
mi trng
chnh lin
quan n ti
nguyn
nc
1. Vn Quc gia B N-Ni Cha
Din tch 38,210 ha
Vn quc gia B N - Ni Cha nm trn dy ni B N
thuc x Ho Ninh huyn Ha Vang, cch Nng 38 km v
pha Ty Nam, nm trn danh gii gia Thnh ph Nng v
tnh Qung Nam, cao 1.487 m so vi mc nc bin Pha
Ty Bc ca Vn, h sinh thi c nui dng bi cc sui
thuc nhnh sng Yn, con sng ny nhp vo sng V Gia, sau
chy vo pha Nam vnh Nng. Cn phn ng Nam: h
sinh thi c nui dng bi cc nhnh sng Cu , sng ny
chy theo hng bc ri ra Vnh
C 543 loi thc vt c mch, trong c 12 loi c ghi vo
Sch Vit Nam
Theo bo co K hoch u t, c 61 loi ng vt c v,
178 loi chim, 17 loi b st (1994). Nhiu loi trong
c ghi nhn trong t kho st nm 1994 v 1995, trong
c 472 loi thc vt c mch, 29 loi ng vt c v, 106
loi chim, 20 loi b st, 6 loi lng c, 33loi c, 126 loi,
trong c 44 loi ng vt qu him c lit k trong sch
Vit Nam
Rng ca Vn quc gia B N-Ni Cha c vai tr quan trng
bo v vng u ngun sng C v sng Yn. Nhng con
sng ny l ngun nc quan trng cho cp nc ti, sinh
hot, cng nghip ca Thnh ph Nng.
Yu t t
nhin
S dng t T l
t rng 49%
t nng nghip: 12%
t 3%
t chuyn dng 3%
S dng khc 33%
che
ph rng

rng c nc, thp nht so vi cc lu vc khc. Nh vy lu
vc ng vai tr mc thp i vi mc tiu rng c nc l
rng ca lu vc l : 49% , mc trung bnh so vi cc lu
vc khc. T l ny ch ra tm quan trng cho qu trnh pht
trin bn vng ca lu vc sng
T l rng t nhin l 87% cho thy cht lng rng tt v
thun li cho qu trnh iu ho dng chy v cht lng nc.
Hn na cht lng rng thc t cn tt do din tch rng
nguyn sinh vn cn.
Trn c s kt qu quan trc nc mt qua cc nm trn a bn tnh Qung Nam c th a ra mt s nhn
xt nh sau:
Phn ln cc ch tiu cht lng nc trn cc sng: Tin, Tranh, Ly Ly, Bn Ging, Vu Gia Thu
Bn v h Ph Ninh u nm trong gii hn cho php. Ch c hm lng SS sng Tin v sng Tranh
vt gii hn 1,35 2,46 ln.
nh gi mi trng

100
- Sng Vnh in v sng Trng Giang biu hin nhim hu c. Cc ch tiu COD, BOD5, SS
ca hai sng ny vt tiu chun cho php loi A nhiu ln v c chiu hng gia tng so vi cc
nm trc. C th thy nguyn nhn ca s nhim ny l do cht thi t cc khu cng nghip Tam
Hip, in Nam - in Ngc vo. Bn cnh , vic nui thu sn sng Trng Giang cng gp
phn ng k lm gia tng nng cc cht nhim.
- Hm lng CN- vt tiu chun loi A pht hin c ti Bn Rng, c th c xc nh l do hot
ng khai thc vng tri php thng ngun thi ra.
- Nc sng Vnh in ti khu vc KCN in Nam - in Ngc c nng oxy ha tan thp hn tiu
chun ngun nc loi B.
- NO2-, Coliform trong nc sng Vnh in vt gii hn vi ln v thng k qua cc nm cho thy
ch tiu ny ang c chiu hng gia tng.
- Kim loi nng, cyanua v d lng ha cht bo v thc vt trong nc sng Trng Giang, Vnh
in vt tiu chun ngun nc mt loi A, song vn cn nm trong gii hn cho php ca
ngun nc mt loi B.
Nh vy, nhn chung cht lng nc mt ca phn ln cc sng, h trn a bn tnh Qung Nam
tng i tt. Ring nc sng Vnh in v sng Trng Giang biu hin nhim bi cht rn l lng,
BOD5, COD v xu th ny ang c chiu hng gia tng.
Kt qu quan trc cht lng nc sng sng Vu Gia do S TN&MT Nng tin hnh trong nhng
nm gn y cho thy hu ht cc thng s cht lng nc u nm trong gii hn cho php, ngoi tr hm
lng Coliform vt TCVN loi A nhiu ln ti tt c cc im o. Nhn chung, hm lng mt s cht
nhim trong nc sng nh BOD5, COD, SS, kim loi nng Fe, Pb gim dn theo cc nm. Tuy nhin, hm
lng Hg trong nc, mc d vn cn nm trong ngng cho php ca TCVN, nhng cao hn nhiu ln so
vi cc nm trc. Nh vy cht lng mi trng nc h thng Sng Vu Gia khu vc thnh Ph
Nng c ci thin so vi cc nm trc. Mc d vy, mc nhim vi sinh vn cn ti hu ht cc
im o. Hn na, ti mt s v tr, nhim vi sinh c xu hng gia tng.
3.3.4. iu kin mi trng kinh t-x hi
iu kin kinh t
Lu vc ny gm c tnh Qung Nam, mt phn ca Nng v Kon Tum. GDP chim 1,35% GDP c nc.
C cu kinh t: nng nghip 25%, cng nghip 37% v dch v 38%. T l tng trng GDP bnh qun l
11,8% trong 5 nm va qua. Trong , nng nghip: ph thuc nhiu vo t nhin nh ngun nc, l lt v cc
thin tai khc. cc vng cao hn sn lng cy trng thp v ch canh tc 1 v, din tch t canh tc khng
n nh. Thu sn: pht trin nhanh hn trong my nm gn y v ph bin l nui tm s vng nc li.
Thu in: Khu vc ny c tim nng thu in ln, c mt s cng trnh xy dng mi nh Sng Tranh 2, sng
Dak Mi 4, Sng Con 2 v cc cng trnh sp xy dng nh Sng Bung 1, 4 v 5. Du lch: pht trin nhanh vi
cc li th ln l cc im du lch nh Hi An, M An, M Sn. B bin di v p l tim nng khai thc du
lch ln. Cng nghip: c nhiu khu cng nghip v khu kinh t nh in Nam in Ngc, Lin Chiu, Chu
Lai v.v c u t vi nm gn y. Nng t pht trin thnh mt trung tm kinh t min Trung.

nh gi mi trng

101

Hnh 3.3. C cu kinh t v c cu s dng t lu vc sng Vu Gia Thu Bn
iu kin x hi
Dn s: Quy m dn s: Quy m dn s ca lu vc tnh l 1787,6 nghn ngi, chim 2,12% dn s ton
quc v 2,4% dn s cc lu vc sng. Mt dn s trung bnh ca lu vc l 113 ngi/km
2
. Dn s tp
trung cao cc huyn ca Nng. Dn s ca tnh Qung Ngi l 251 ngi/km
2
. T l tng trng dn s
trung bnh ca lu vc: T l tng trng dn s trung bnh ca lu vc l: 1,18%; Nhng nu xt ring tng
tnh th t l tng trng dn s ca tnh Kon Tum cao nht: 4%, tip theo l Nng: 2,0%, Qung Nam ch
t 1%. Nh vy t l tng trng dn s ca tnh Kon Tum ch yu l do tng trng c hc, v iu cho
thy tnh trng di dn t do vo tnh Kon Tum vn tip tc. Tuy nhin khng phi ton tnh Kon Tum thuc
lu vc ny. Dn s thnh th chim 29%, dn s nng thn: 71%.
Dn tc: Dn tc t ngi chim 38,2%. Dn tc t ngi tp trung nhiu tnh Kon Tum: 53,63%, thip n
Qung nam: 6,80% v 0,57% thuc v Nng
Vic lm: Lao ng nng nghip chim 44,52%, cng nghip 19,37% v dch v 36,11%. T l lao ng
trong ngnh dch v tng i cao so vi cc lu vc sng khc v ng th 2 sau lu vc sng Hng
941,63%). T l tht nghip chim 4,7%, xp th 2 sau Serc (6,8%) v Gianh 95,9%).
Ngho i: T l h ngho ton lu vc l: 38,2%, trong s h ngho tp trung cao nht Kon Tum:
71,22%, tip n Qung Nam: 30,29% v thp nht l Nng: 13,12%.
3.4. Mi trng nn lu vc sng Tr Khc-V-Tr Bng
Lu vc sng Tr khc, V, Tr bng (Tr Khc) c v tr a l t 14
0
50 n 15
0
20 v Bc, t 108
0
10
n 109
0
00 kinh ng. Lu vc sng Tr Khc nm trn a bn 11 huyn th ca Qung Ngi v mt
phn huyn Kon Plong tnh Kon Tum.
Lu vc c a hnh hng dc dn t Ty sang ng bt u t vng ni cao ca huyn Kon PLong
tnh Kom Tum t cao 1.300-1.500 m pha Ty ni tip n vng ng bng c cao bnh qun 5-20 m,
gia vng ni v vng ng bng a hnh thay i khng ng k, hnh thnh hai bc a hnh cao v thp nm
k tip nhau, hu nh khng c khu chuyn tip. T c im a hnh trn to cho dng chy ca lu vc
kh bt li v ma ma gy nn l lt, ma kh dng chy cn kit gy hn hn. Sng Tr Khc V v Tr bng
c din tch lu vc 5.200 km
2
Sng Tr Khc di 135 km. Bn lu vc sng Tr Khc V - Tr Bng
c th hin trn Hnh 1.7 (Ph lc 1).
nh gi mi trng

102
Ch ma: Lng ma bnh qun trn lu vc khong 2.890 mm. Lng ma c xu hng gim dn t
Bc vo Nam v t ng sang Ty. Ma ln tp trung cc vng ni cao nh Ba T, Gia Vc t 3.200-
4.000 mm/nm, vng ng bng ven bin ch t t 2.300-2.700 mm/nm. C s chnh lch rt ln gia ma
ma v ma kh, phn b ma khng ng u trong nm.
Ma ma ko di 4 thng, t thng IX XII chim 70-80% tng lng ma c nm. Ma ln tp trung
vo thng X v XI chim ti 40-50% tng lng ma nm.
Ma kh t thng I VIII, lng ma chim t 20-30% tng lng ma nm. Thng c lng ma
nh nht thng l thng II, thng IV v thng VIII l thi k kit nht trong nm.
Dng chy nm: Ma ma y ko di 4 thng, nhng ma l ch c 3 thng v thng ma l chm hn
ma ma 1 thng. Thng 9 l thng bt u ma ma nhng n thng 10 lng ma mi ln v lc thc
s mi bc vo ma l. Ma l ko di t thng 10 n thng 12, i khi sang thng 1. Thng c lng dng
chy l ln nht l thng 11. Ma kit ko di 8 thng, dng chy ch chim 30% tng lng dng chy nm,
thng 4 l thng c dng chy kit nh nht. Dng chy gia cc thng trong nm khng u nhau, chnh lch
gia cc thng nhiu nc v t nc rt ln.
Dng chy ma kit: Ma kit dng chy nh, ngun cung cp cho sng ch yu l nc ngm. Ma kit bt
u t thng I-VIII vi tng lng dng chy chim t 30-35% tng lng dng chy nm. Trong nm c hai
thi k kit, thi k kit nht xut hin vo thng IV vi lu lng trung bnh 50,3 m
3
/s, thi k th hai vo
thng VII, VIII vi lu lng trung bnh thng VIII vo khong 61 m
3
/s.
Dng chy ma l: Ma l ko di 3 thng bt u t thng X v kt thc vo thng XII v din ra khng n
nh, thng c lng dng chy l ln nht l thng 11. Lng dng chy ma l chim ti 30% tng lng
dng chy nm. Ngoi l chnh v, cn c l tiu mn vo cc thi k thng V v thng VI, l sm xy ra vo
thng VIII n u thng X v l mun thng xy ra vo thng XII n na u thng I nm sau.
Bng 3.13: Bin i dng chy thng ti cc trm trn lu vc
Trm Sn Giang- S. Tr Khc FBl.v B= 2706 kmP2P An Ch - Sng V FBl.v B= 854 kmP2P
Thng Qtb
(mP3P/s)
Q max
(mP3P/s)
Qmin
(mP3P/s)
Qmax
Qmin
Qtb
Qmin
Qtb
(mP3P/s)
Qmax
(mP3P/s)
Qmin
(mP3P/s)
Qmax
Qmin
Qtb
Qmin
I 160 349 84,2 4,14 1,90 55,3 148 25,3 5,85 2,19
II 94,2 183 45,5 4,02 2,07 29,1 65,9 14,4 4,92 2,17
III 65,0 128 30,5 4,20 2,13 20,8 42,6 7,6 5,61 2,74
IV 51,2 108 21,6 5,00 2,37 15,2 33,3 4,99 6,67 3,05
V 75,1 199 29,7 6,70 2,53 17,5 38,4 5,61 6,84 3,11
VI 78,6 204 23,9 8,54 3,29 17,5 51,1 5,65 9,04 3,09
VII 61,0 111 24,1 4,61 2,53 12,4 28,7 4,26 6,74 2,91
VIII 64,3 183 28,6 6,40 2,25 13,6 33,0 2,41 13,69 5,64
IX 132 599 41,0 14,61 3,21 25,5 80,0 6,53 12,25 3,91
X 432 850 56,8 14,96 7,60 146 322 13,2 24,39 11,02
XI 691 1790 173 10,35 3,99 245 598 60,6 9,87 4,04
XII 427 1260 82,9 15,20 5,15 178 640 12,6 50,79 14,12
Nm 194 64,6
Ngun: B Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn
nh gi mi trng

103
Bng 3.14: Lu lng nh l ln nht thc o
Trm thu vn Sng Qmax(m
3
/s) Thi gian xy ra
Sn Giang Tr Khc 18400 3-XII-86
Thch Nham Tr Khc 19800 3-XII-86
An Ch V 4290 19-XI-87
Ngun: Cc lu vc sng ln
Tnh hnh xm nhp mn:
Cc thng ma kit, dng chy trn cc sng nh nn thng xy ra kh nng xm nhp mn cao. Theo s
bin i ca dng chy trong sng, mn cng chia lm ba thi k: Thi k u ma cn: thng I, II.
mn xm nhp vo cc ca sng v c xu hng tng dn; Thi k gia ma cn: thng t thng III VIII
kh nng nhim mn trn cc sng l ln nht. Do nh hng ca l tiu mn lm cho din bin mn trong
thi k ny hnh thnh hai im cc i v mt im cc tiu. mn ln nht xy ra vo cc thng V, VII,
VIII, xy ra thng VII c mc xm nhp mn ln nht; Thi k cui ma cn: mn trn cc sng gim
nhanh vo na cui thng IX.
Bng 3.15. Mc xm nhp mn ln nht trung bnh thi k u v cui ma cn trn sng Tr Khc
Cch ca C Ly 0.0 km 0.05 km 0.1 km 0.3 km 0.5 km <1 km
mn (%o) 20 10 5 3 1 1
Bng 3.16: iu kin mi trng sinh thi lu vc sng Tr Khc, V, Tr Bng
Hng mc
Din tch
lu vc
(km
2
)
Tng din
tch
a phn
Vit Nam

5,200 5,200
Sc kho
mi
trng
a dng
sinh hc
& cc h
sinh thi
c trng
chnh
Bao gm : Cc h sinh thi trn cn, di nc v ven bin
Phn thng lu: c trng l rng kn nhit i
Phn h lu ca sng: c trng l h sinh thi ven bin
Cc khu
Bo tn
Khng c khu bo tn no trong lu vc c Chnh ph cng
nhn
Nh vy gi tr bo tn v ti sn mi trng trong lu vc rt
thp.
nh gi mi trng

104
Cc di tch
Vn
ho/Lch
s
C 1 Di tch vn ha lch s trong lu vc c Chnh ph cng
nhn l Di tch lch s Cao Mun/Ba T
Khu Di tch Vn ho-Lch s Cao Mun thuc a phn cc x:
Ba Vinh, Ba nh, Ba in, Ba Cha, Ba Cung huyn Ba T.
Khu di tch nm trung tm ni Cao Mun, c nh ni cao 829
m, nm ngay Ty Bc th x Ba T.
Ch s v Di sn Vn ho/Lch s ca Lu vc mc thp (1) so
vi cc lu vc khc.
Ti sn
mi trng
chnh lin
quan n ti
nguyn
nc
Khng c Ti sn mi trng quan trng no thuc lu vc
Yu t
t
nhin
S dng t T l
t rng 48%
t nng nghip: 22%
t 2%
t chuyn dng 3%
S dng khc 25%
che
ph
rng

rng c nc, thp nht so vi cc lu vc khc. Nh vy lu
vc ng vai tr mc thp i vi mc tiu rng c nc
T l rng ca lu vc l 48%, mc trung bnh so vi cc lu
vc khc. T l ny ch ra tm quan trng cho qu trnh pht trin
bn vng ca lu vc sng
T l rng t nhin l 63.8% cho thy cht lng rng v qu
trnh iu ho dng chy v cht lng nc mc trung bnh.
Nhn chung, t l rng t nhin ca lu vc thp hn so vi cc
lu vc khc cc tnh ven bin nam trung b; hu ht rng t
nhin l rng ngho v trung bnh

Cht lng mi trng nc mt thuc lu vc sng Tr Khc, V, Tr Bng c nh gi l tng i tt
(cc gi tr v BOD, COD, DO nhn chung u tt). Trong giai on 2005-2009, chi c 1 ln vo nm 2006,
gi tr BOD ti sng Tr cu on ca bin M l vt tiu chun cho php (63mg/l), COD vt gii hn 2
ln nm 2006 ti thng ngun sng tr cu (27mg/l) v ca bin M (181mg/l).
Nhn chung cht lng nc mt ca cc con sng c s bin i khng ng u, Sng Tr Cu theo
kt qu quan trc cho thy ti ca bin l ni c cht lng km nht (BOD v COD u cao gp t 4 n 7
ln so vi kt qu o c ti thng ngun v ti cu Sng Tr Cu), i vi Sng V kt qu quan trc cho
thy ti thng ngun v ca bin c mc nhim gn nh nhau (ch tiu BOD vt tiu chun cho php
t 2 n 1,2 ln).
+ Ti im ca bin Sa Cn l ni c cht lng km nht (BOD v COD u c gi tr o c cao hn
so vi kt qu o c ti nhng im khc tuy nhin so snh vi kt qu t 2 nm 2006 th cht lng nc
hin nay c xu hng tt hn;
nh gi mi trng

105
+ i vi sng Tr Cu ti ca bin, cc ch s v BOD, COD c xu th gim trong giai on 2005-
2009, chng t cht lng nc sng Tr Cu c s ci thin tt hn, ch s xy ha tan tng ln r rt.
+ Qua kt qu quan trc, Sng V ti thng ngun v ca bin c mc nhim gn nh nhau (ch
tiu BOD, COD ti thng ngun cao hn h lu). Nm 2006 cho thy ti thng ngun l ni c gi tr
BOD, COD cao nht (vt tiu chun t 1,4 n 2,6 ln);
+ i vi sng Tr Khc gi tr o c ti bn Tam Thng c kt qu o c v gi tr BOD v COD
cao nht trong s cc im quan trc dc theo sng do y l ni tip nhn nc thi sinh hot ca Thnh ph
Qung Ngi.
3.4.4. iu kin mi trng kinh t-x hi
iu kin kinh t
Khu vc l mt phn ca vng kinh t trng im min Trung nhng GDP ch chim 0,77% GDP c nc.
C cu kinh t l: nng nghip 34%, cng nghip 27% v dch v 36%. T l tng trng GDP bnh qun l
10,8% trong 5 nm va qua. V nng nghip: c bn p ng nhu cu v lng thc ca a phng
nhng t l tng trng khng cao. Cng nghip: tp trung vo mt s c s cng nghip quy m va v nh.
Khu cng nghip Dung Qut ang c xy dng v s c tim nng pht trin ln. C cu kinh t v c cu
s dng t lu vc sng Tr Khc V - Tr Bng c th hin trn Hnh 3.11.

Hnh 3.3. C cu kinh t v c cu s dng t lu vc sng Tr Khc V - Tr Bng
nh gi mi trng

106
iu kin x hi
Dn s: Quy m dn s: Dn s lu vc: 1297,5 nghn ngi, chim 1,54% dn s ton quc v 1,6 dn s
ton lu vc sng trong c nc, t l tng trng dn s 1,48%, mt dn s trung bnh l 249 ngi/km2.
Mt dn s: mt dn s trung bnh ca lu vc l 249 ngi/km2. Dn s phn b khng u, dn s
ch yu tp trung thnh ph v ng bng. Mt dn s thnh ph Qung Ngi 32116 ngi/km2, gp
147,3 ln so vi mt dn s huyn Sn Ty. Tng trng dn s trung bnh ca lu vc l: 1,48%
Dn tc: Dn tc t ngi chim 32,62%, tp trung ch yu cc x vng su, vng xa ca tnh Qung Ngi v
huyn KonPlong ca tnh Kon Tum.
th ha: Dn s thnh th chim 14,3%, dn s nng thn 85,7. Nh vy mc th ho cn thp so
vi cc lu vc khc, vn ch yu l dn s nng thn.
Vic lm: Lao ng trong ngnh nng nghip chim 60,77%, cng nghip: 12,45%, dch v 26,78%. Nh vy
c th thy cng nghip trong lu vc cha pht trin. Dch v pht trin mnh hn.
Ngho i: T l h ngho trung bnh trong lu vc l 66,8%, cao nht so vi 15 lu vc cn li. Ngi
ngho ch yu vn tp trung cc huyn min ni: Sn ty v Ty Tr gn 100% h ngho, tip n Tr
Bng, KonPlong, sn H xp x trn di 90% h ngho. Chnh lch gia thnh th v nng thn rt r nt,
c bit l nng thn min ni: t l h ngho ca huyn ngho nht Ty Tr 99,5% cao gp hn 8 ln so vi
t l h ngho ca thnh ph Qung Ngi: 12,2%. T l h ngho trong dn tc t ngi cn rt cao.
3.5. Tm tt mi trng nn mt s lu vc sng nh thuc d n
3.5.1. Lu vc sng H Vng v sng Rc (H Tnh)
Sng H Vng v sng Rc c lu vc nm hon ton trong a phn tnh H Tnh, c to a l t
17
0
53'50" n 18
0
45'40" v Bc v 105
0
05'50" n 106
0
30'20" Kinh ng. Pha Bc gip tnh Ngh An,
pha Nam gip tnh Qung Bnh, pha ng gip bin ng v pha Ty gip vi nc Cng ho dn ch
nhn dn Lo. Bn lu vc sng H Vng v sng Rc c th hin trn Hnh 1.3 (Ph lc 1).
Sng H Vng l mt con sng nh ti tnh H Tnh. Sng c bt ngun t cu H , x H ,
huyn Thch H, ni giao nhau gia sng Nghn v sng H . T y sng chy theo hng ng bc
ra bin ng ti ca St thuc x Thch Kim, Thch H. Sng c chiu di khong 12km, lng sng rng,
on rng nht khong 2km l tuyn ng thy duy nht t thnh ph H Tnh ra bin ng.
Khu vc c ch kh hu thuc vng kh hu ven bin Bc Trung B pha Bc o Ngang. Hng
nm chu nh hng mnh ca gi ma ng Bc. c trng kh hu trong vng l c ma ng lnh v
ma h kh nng. Gi ma ng Bc hot ng t thng XI, XII n thng IV nm k tip. Ma ma trong
vng bt u vo thng VIII v kt thc vo thng XI hng nm. Theo thi gian lng ma thng tp trung
vo cc thng 9, 10 v 11, trong 3 thng ny lng ma chim t gn 70% tng lng ma c nm, nhng
trong thng 9, 10 li chim t 69% tng lng ma trong 3 thng ni trn. Theo khng gian lng ma c xu
hng tng dn t Bc vo Nam.
3.5.2. Lu vc sng Gianh v sng Nht L (Qung Bnh)
Lu vc sng Gianh c din tch t nhin 4680 km
2
, bao gm cc sng Rn, sng Gianh, sng L Ho, sng
Dinh thuc a phn 4 huyn Qung Trch, B Trch, Minh Ho, Tuyn Ho thuc tnh Qung Bnh v 6 x
thuc huyn K Anh H Tnh. Vng nghin cu c gii hn: pha Bc gip lu vc sng Rc, sng Ro
nh gi mi trng

107
Ci, sng Ngn Su thuc tnh H Tnh; pha Nam gip lu vc sng Nht L thuc tnh Qung Bnh; pha
Ty gip Lo v pha ng gip bin ng.
Sng Nht L thuc ng Hi, tnh Qung Bnh. Sng Nht L di 152 km, trong c sng Kin Giang
di 58 km v sng Long i di 77 km. Sng Nht L c hnh thnh bi hp lu ca sng Kin Giang huyn
L Thy v Long i huyn Qung Ninh. Sng Nht L chy theo hng Bc trc khi ra bin ng, khc hu
ht cc sng khc Vit Nam, thng chy v hng Nam v ng Nam. ca sng Nht L c mt s bi bin
ct trng p v l im thu ht khch du lch.
Bn lu vc sng Gianh v sng Nht L c th hin trn Hnh 1.4 (Ph lc 1).
Lu vc sng Gianh v sng Nht l c a hnh hp v dc t pha Ty sang pha ng. i ni
chim 85% tng din tch t nhin. a hnh a dng. Pha ty tnh l vng ni cao t 1.000-1.500 m, k tip
l vng i thp, phn b theo kiu bt p. Gn b bin c di ng bng nh v hp. Sau cng l nhng
trng ct ven bin c dng li lim hoc d qut.
Ma kh t thng IV n thng VIII. Ma ma t thng IX n thng III nm sau, ma l sn ty
Trng Sn vo cc thng VII n XI v l chnh v thng vo thng IX v kt thc vo thng XII. Lng
ma trung bnh hng nm t 2.000 - 2.300mm.
H sinh thi lu vc sng Gianh Nht L l rng ni vi. Ti khu vc ch c mt khu bo tn l
Rng Quc Gia Phong Nha K Bng (85,754 ha). Ch s din tch bo tn c tnh 18,32%, thuc mc cao
so vi cc khu bo tn khc. Ch s ny cho thy gi tr bo tn v ti sn mi trng ca khu vc mc cao.
Trong lu vc khng c di tch lch s vn ha cp quc gia.
3.5.3. Lu vc sng Thch Hn (Qung Tr)
Lu vc sng Thch Hn c chiu di 155 km, din tch lu vc ln nht 2.660 km
2
. Nhnh sng
chnh l Thch Hn bt ngun t cc dy ni ln ng Sa Mui, ng Voi Mp (nhnh Ro Qun) v ng Ba
L, ng Dang (nhnh akrng). Sng Thch Hn ra bin Ca Vit. Bn lu vc sng Thch Hn
Bn Hi c th hin trn Hnh 1.5 (Ph lc 1)
Ma ma din ra t thng IX n thng I nm sau, lng ma khong 75-85% tng lng ma c
nm. Cc thng ma ko di, ln l thng IX-XI (khong 600 mm). Thng t ma nht l thng 2, thng 7
(thp nht l 40mm/thng). Tng lng ma c nm dao ng khong 2000-2700 mm, s ngy ma 130-180
ngy. Ma bo Qung Tr din ra t thng VII n thng XI, trong thng IX-X nhiu bo nht.
3.5.4. Lu vc sng Kone (Bnh nh)
Lu vc sng Kone (gm c lu vc sng H Thanh v La Tinh) c din tch 3.640 km
2
, nm hon ton trong lnh
th VN v thuc a phn tnh Bnh nh. Sng Kone bt ngun t pha dy Trng Sn, dng chnh di khong
160 km chy theo hng ng Nam qua vng i ni th chuyn sang hng ng qua vng ng bng ri chy
ra bin. a hnh lu vc tng i phc tp, thp dn t Ty sang ng. C th phn chia thnh vng ni; vng
trung du; ng bng ven bin; v cn ct ven bin. che ph ca rng n nay ch cn khong trn 40% nn
hng nm cc sng ny gy l lt, bi lng nghim trng. Bn lu vc sng Kone H Thanh c th hin
trn Hnh 1.8 (Ph lc 1).
Lng ma trung bnh nm 1700 - 1800 mm. Ma ma, t thng VIII n thng XII tp trung 70 -
80% lng ma c nm, ma ma trng vi ma bo nn thng xuyn gy ra bo lt. Ma nng ko di gy
nn hn hn nhiu ni, m trung bnh 75%. L tiu mn thng vo thng V, VI; l sm vo thng VIII
v IX; l chnh v thng X-XI; l mun thng XII.
3.5.5. Lu vc sng Dinh (Ninh Thun)
nh gi mi trng

108
Ninh Thun l tnh thuc khu vc Nam Trung B c tng din tch t nhin 3363 km
2
. Nm v tr a l
11
0
1814 n 12
0
915 v Bc v t 108
0
98 n 198
0
1425 kinh ng. Dn s ton tnh Ninh
Thun n cui nm 2009 l 573.925 ngi.
Lu vc sng Dinh (hay cn gi sng Ci Phan Rang) bao trm gn ht ton tnh. Sng bt ngun t sn
ng ca dy ni Gia Rch gip ranh vi tnh Lm ng, sng chy theo hng Bc Nam ra bin ng ti vnh
Phan Rang. Chiu di sng chnh khong 120 km. Tng din tch lu vc sng Ci l 3043 km
2
, trong 2488 km
2

thuc Ninh Thun, 336 km
2
thuc Khnh Ho; 172 km
2
thuc Lm ng v 47 km
2
thuc Bnh Thun. Bn lu
vc sng Dinh c th hin trn Hnh A2.9.
Do iu kin a hnh phn thng ngun bao bc bi cc dy ni cao, lu vc hng nm c lng
ma rt ln t 1000 2000 mm. Lu vc c kh hu nhit i gi ma, c hai ma ma v ma kh r rt.
Ma ma t thng VII n thng XI, ma kh t thng XII n thng VI nm sau. Lng ma c xu hng
tng dn t ng bng ln vng ni cao. Lng ma trung bnh nhiu nm ti khu vc ven bin khong 600
mm, ti Phan Rang l 712 mm, Tn M 1071 mm. Phn ni cao thng ngun lng ma c th t trn
2000 mm.
nh gi mi trng

109

PH LC 4
TNH HNH THIN TAI CC LU VC SNG

4.1. Tnh hnh thin tai lu vc sng M
Lu vc sng M thuc tnh Thanh Ho nm trong khu vc Bc Trung B c c im v kh hu, thu vn v
a hnh phc tp, l ni chu nh hng nhiu ca hu ht cc loi thin tai thng xuyn xy ra Vit Nam
vi tn sut cao v mc c lit hn. Lu vc sng M thng xuyn chu nh hng ca cc loi thin tai sau
: Bo; p thp nhit i (ATN); l lt; hn hn; lc t; dng st; st l t; xi l b sng, b bin; chy rng;
xm nhp mn; triu cngTrong nh hng v gy thit hi nhiu nht l bo, ATN v l lt. Bo
thng xy ra khu vc ng bng ven bin v l lt thng xy ra ch yu cc huyn ng bng trung du v
khu vc min ni. Theo s liu thng k trong 52 nm tr li y t nm 1955 n 2007 Thanh Ho phi chu
nh hng trc tip ca hn 100 cn bo v ATN, trong c 36 nm bo b trc tip vo Thanh Ho,
tnh trung bnh mi nm c khong 2,4 cn bo b hoc nh hng trc tip n Thanh Ho vi sc mnh
gi t cp 8 n cp 11 v cp 12. Ngoi ra, theo s liu thng k l trong 42 nm trn mt s sng thuc lu
vc sng M, thy rng sng Chu c 12 nm; sng M c 10 nm; sng Bi c 20 nm xut hin l trn bo
ng III. Thi gian mt con l t 7 n 10 ngy v l ln nhanh, xung cng rt nhanh.
Trong lch s Thanh Ho xy ra 45 im v trn sng ln v 13 im v sng nh. L bo
ln xy ra vo cc nm 1927, 1944, 1962, 1973, 1980, 1996 v gn y nht l nm 2005 v 2007. Vo
nm 2005, Thanh Ho lin tip chu nh hng ca 4 cn bo, 5 t l trn cc trin sng v 1 t l qut ti
huyn Quan Ho gy thit hi rt nghim trng cho cc vng trong tnh. Trong c hai cn bo s 6 v
s 7 lin tip b vo Thanh Ho trong cc ngy 19/9 n 27/9/2005 vi sc gi git cp 11, trn cp 11
km theo ma to n rt to. Vo nm 2007, do nh hng ca hon lu bo s 5 gy ra ma l ln, xy ra
t hp l c bit ln trn tt c cc sng, lm trn v v nhiu tuyn sng, gy thit hi nng n c tnh
khong 1.100 t ng.
Bo v l lt gy ra rt nhiu thit hi nng n v ngi v ti sn cho ngi dn tnh Thanh Ho.
Ngoi ra, n cn gy ra nhiu kh khn v iu kin n , v sinh mi trng, nguy c dch bnh cho ngi dn
v hng ngn ng rung b nhim mn do nc bin trn vo phi mt rt nhiu tin ca v cng sc mi c
th khi phc v ci to li c. S liu thng k trong vng 14 nm gn y cho thy c tt c 324 ngi b
cht v tng gi tr thit hi c tnh 4.500 t ng (nm 2010 v 2011 cha c s liu thng k).
nh gi mi trng

110
900
39
100
30
147
45
40
50 55
1300
50
1100
300
270
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
T
n
g
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Nm
BIU THIT HI V KINH T 1996-2009

Hnh 4.1: Thit hi v kinh t do thin tai trn lu vc sng M, 1996 - 2009
228
6
3
10
15
3
0
2
2
16
2
26
1
10
0
50
100
150
200
250
S

n
g
i
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Nm
BIU THIT HI V NGI 1996-2009

Hnh 4.2: Thit hi v ngi lu vc sng M, 1996 - 2009

nh gi mi trng

111
Kh nng ng ph
- T chc th ch
i ph vi tnh hnh thin tai c nhiu din bin phc tp, kh lng v thc hin thng nht trong qun
l nh nc v cng tc phng, chng lt bo, tm kim cu nn v gim nh thin tai. Tnh Thanh Ho c
cc Ban ch huy phng, chng lt bo (PCLB), Ban tm kim cu nn (TKCN) chu trch nhim gip U ban
nhn dn Tnh (UBND) iu hnh v phi hp vi cc c quan hu quan thc hin chc nng qun l nh
nc v lnh vc ny.
Ban ch huy PCLB c 27 thnh vin, trong ch tch UBND tnh lm trng ban, ph ch tch
UBND tnh lm Ph ban thng trc; Ban tm kim cu nn gm 9 thnh vin do Ph ch tch UBND tnh
lm trng ban v c i din lnh o cc s, ban ngnh ch cht trong tnh tham gia lm thnh vin. Cc
Ban ch huy c nhim v ch o c th cc a phng, xem xt, r sot li tt c cc phng n PCLB &
TKCN lp b sung, hon thin phng n m bo tnh kh thi, huy ng lc lng, vt t, thit b
chuyn ngnh phc v cng tc PCLB & TKCN. Ngoi ra, ti cc s, ban, ngnh v cc a phng cng c
Ban ch huy PCLB & TKCN ring chu s ch o ca UBND tnh v Ban ch huy PCLB & TKCN tnh.
cc cng trnh trng im nh h, .. u thnh lp cc Ban phng, chng lt bo ring. Lc lng phc v
cng tc TKCN bao gm cc n v nh B ch huy Qun s tnh; B ch huy Bin Phng; Cng an tnh; Hi ch
thp l cc n v ch lc trong cng tc TKCN. K hoch hnh ng lun chia ra lm 3 cng tc
chnh: Cng tc chun b trc ma ma bo; cng tc trin khai ng ph khi c bo, l xy ra v cng tc
khc phc hu qu do thin tai gy ra.
- C s h tng v trang thit b
C s h tng qun l thin tai chnh hin nay ca tnh Thanh Ho bao gm cc cng trnh thu li, nh my
thu in, h cha nc, trm bm, p dng, k sng, k bin, khu neo u tu thuyn trnh tr bo, cng
c, cc trm kh tng thu vn, mng li thng tin d bo thi tit. Ton lu vc c hn 800 h, p ln
nh trong 24 h quan trng cp tnh v quc gia; c 3.000 km knh mng kin c;1.008 km sng,
bin; 881 cng; 181 k bo v cng trnh. Khu vc c 3 khu neo u tu thuyn trnh tr bo l Lch Hi,
Lch Trng, Lch Bng. Khu vc c 7 trm Kh tng, Hi vn v Mi trng chuyn o c quan trc cc
yu t kh hu, kh tng. C 16 trm Thu vn chuyn o c mc nc, lu lng, lng ma, nhit
nc v cht lng cht l lng. C 14 im o ma trong nhn dn, chuyn o c nhng ni khng c
trm KTTV c bn.
4.2. Tnh hnh thin tai lu vc sng C
Lu vc sng C thng xuyn chu nh hng ca nhiu loi hnh thin tai c trng cho khu vc duyn hi
Min Trung nh: Bo, p thp nhit i (ATN), l lt, hn hn, lc t, dng st, st l t, xi l b sng v
b bin, chy rng, xm nhp mn, triu cngTrong nh hng v gy thit hi nhiu nht l bo,
ATN v l lt. Bo thng xy ra khu vc ng bng ven bin v l lt thng xy ra ch yu cc
huyn ng bng trung du v khu vc min ni. Theo s liu thng k t nm 1990 n nm 2010 lu vc
sng C hng chu 34 trn bo b trc tip, trung bnh mi nm hng chu t 1 1,5 cn bo, tc
gi do bo gy ra t ti cp 9 10 khi git ln n cp 12. Bo thng b vo lu vc sng C t cui
thng IX, X v u thng XI. Tc gi ln nht quan trc c ti Tng Dng 25 m/s hng ty - bc
(1975), ti Qu Chu ln hn 20 m/s hng ty - bc nm 1973, ti Lng 28 m/s hng ng - ng -
nh gi mi trng

112
bc (1965). V l lt trong 21 nm c 29 t l ln gy thit hi nhiu v ngi v ti sn, s liu quan
trc mc nc l trong vng 40 nm tr li y cho thy trn lu vc cc trn l ln xy ra dng chnh sng
C l trn l 1954, 1963, 1973, 1978, 1988, 2007, 2010 trung bnh c 9 10 nm li xut hin nhng trn l
ln. Mt s nm gy ra hin tng v nh trn l nm 1954, 1978, 1988 v 1996. c bit trn l nm
1954, rt nhiu on b v (t Nam n ra n bin) vi lng nc l t sng chy vo ng ko di 16
ngy lin. Tng thit hi do bo l trong 21 nm 1990 n 2010 khong hn 3,300 t ng.
Trong nm 2007 c 7 cn bo hot ng trn bin ng, c 4 cn bo b vo Vit Nam, trong c 2
cn bo nh hng trc tip n Ngh An l cn bo s 2 v s 5. Bo b gy ma to n rt to v l ln
trn cc sng, lng ma o c thnh ph H Tnh l 619,2mm, K Anh 666,2mm, V Quang 563,6mm, Linh
Cm 646mm, Hng Kh 1.153mm. Mc nc l o c ti Chu L (sng Ngn Su) 16,93mm cao hn mc
nc nm 1996 l 0,71mm trn bo ng III l 3,13m. Bo l nm 2007 gy ra thit nhiu thit hi nng n cho
nhn dn trong vng, tng s ngi cht 38 ngi, c tnh thit hi khong gn 900 t ng.
Trong nm 2010 do nh hng ca cn bo s 3 gy ra gy ma to n rt to, lng ma ph bin
trn a bn tnh Ngh An t 100 n 300mm, mt s ni ma trn 300mm nh Vinh 406mm; ca Hi 357mm;
Lng 302mm; Nam n 355 mm. Ngoi ra trong nm cng xy ra nhiu t l ln trn cc sng gy ra
nhiu thit hi ln, tng s tin thit hi trong nm 2010 do bo l gy ra c tnh hn 2,700 t ng.
THNG K S CN BO B VO LU VC SNG C
1990-2010
1
0
2 2 2 2
1
0 0 0
1
0 0
1
4
6
2
0 0 0 0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
9
9
0
1
9
9
2
1
9
9
4
1
9
9
6
1
9
9
8
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
6
2
0
0
8
2
0
1
0
Nm
S
n

b
o

Hnh 4.3: S cn bo b vo lu vc sng C t 1990 - 2010

nh gi mi trng

113
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
S

n
g
i
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Nm
BIU THNG K THIT HI V NGI LU VC SNG C
1990 - 2010
Ngi b
thng
Ngi cht

Hnh 4.4: Biu thit hi v ngi lu vc sng C t 1990 - 2010
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
T
n
g
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Nm
THNG K THIT HI V KINH T LU VC SNG C 1990 - 2010

Hnh 4.5: Biu thng k thit hi v kinh t lu vc sng C t 1990 - 2010
Da vo hai biu trn thy rng tnh hnh thit hai do thin tai gy ra ang c xu hng ngy cng
tng trong nhng nm gn y . Thit hi nng n nht vo nm 2010, tng gi tr thit hi khong 2,920 t
ng. iu kin thi tit, kh hu c nhiu din bin phc tp, kh lng; h thng c s h tng, trang thit
b cnh bo d bo cha p ng c yu cu; s pht trin ca nn kinh t trong vng l nhng nguyn
nhn lm gia tng mc thit hi do thin tai gy nn.

nh gi mi trng

114

Kh nng ng ph
- T chc th ch
Phn ln din tch lu vc sng C thuc Vit Nam nm trn a bn tnh Ngh An v H Tnh, cng ging nh
lu vc sng M ch o cng tc phng chng thin tai c cc Ban ch huy PCLB & GNTT t cp tnh
n cp a phng v c s phi hp cht ch vi nhau trong cc hnh ng. Ngoi ra lc lng lm nhim v
trc tip trong cng tc tm kim cu nn gm B ch huy Qun s tnh; B ch huy Bin Phng; Cng an tnh;
Hi ch thp l cc n v ch lc trong cng tc TKCN. K hoch hnh ng lun chia ra lm 3 cng tc
chnh: Cng tc chun b trc ma ma bo; cng tc trin khai ng ph khi c bo, l xy ra v cng tc khc
phc hu qu do thin tai gy ra.
- H tng c s v trang thit b
Ngh An xy dng c 1.214 h cha ln nh, mt s h nh Vc Mu (dung tch 62,5 triu m
3
), H V
Rng (18,6 triu m
3
), H Khe (15,4 triu m
3
), H Bn V (2.690 triu m
3
); 427 p dng nc cho vng
ni; 810 trm bm ly nc t cc sng sui; 586,6 km sng, ni ng v bin. Trn lu vc sng
C c 17 trm kh tng v 11 trm thu vn chuyn o c cc yu t nh ma, bc hi, nhit , l, hu
ht cc trm c thnh lp t trc nm 1957 v cng c mt s trm dng o c.
4.3. Tnh hnh thin tai lu vc sng Vu Gia Thu Bn
Do v tr a l, c im v a hnh, a mo cng vi tc ng bin i kh hu ton cu, tnh hnh thin tai
ti lu vc sng Vu Gia Thu Bn din ra ht sc phc tp v c xu th ngy cng gia tng v s lng cng
nh mc khc lit. Cc loi hnh thin tai thng xut hin lu vc l p thp nhit i, bo, l lt,
ging st, hn hn, xm nhp mn, st l tTrong hai loi hnh thin tai l bo v l lt l nguy him
nht v gy ra nhiu thit hi v ngi v ti sn.
Bo v ATN thng xy ra trong thi gian t thng V n thng VII, tp trung ch yu vo thng X
v XI. Cc cn bo v ATN thng xut hin km theo gi xoy, ma to nn d gy ra l lt. Theo thng k
trn bin ng t nm 1997 n 2009 xut hin 174 cn bo v ATN, trong c 26 cn bo v 12 ATN
nh hng n lu vc sng Vu Gia Thu Bn. c bit c cn bo s 6 (2006) c tn quc t l Sang Sane
v cn bo s 9 (2009) c tn quc t l Ketsana b trc tip vo tnh Qung Nam gy thit hi nhiu
v ngi v ti sn.
L lt thng xut hin t thng IX n thng XI hng nm. C 3 loi hnh th thi tit gy l trn
lu vc gm bo, ATN, gi ma ng Bc, di hi t nht i. Mt s trn l ln xy ra vo cc nm
1964, 1999, 2007, 2009.
Theo bo co tng hp ca Ban ch huy PCLB tnh Qung Nam v Thnh ph Nng t nm 1997
n nm 2009 thin tai trn lu vc sng Vu Gia Thu Bn lm 765 ngi cht, 63 ngi mt tch v
2403 ngi b thng, tng gi tr thit hi v ti sn hn 18,000 t ng. Kt qu thng k t nm 1997-2009
cho thy thit hi v ngi v kinh t trong cc trn bo l ln xy ra vi t l kh tng ng, c bit trong
cc nm 2006 n 2009 thit hi v ngi v kinh t l rt cao. Nguyn nhn l do cc trn bo trong nm ny
b thng vo khu vc Qung Nam v thnh ph Nng, trong khi nn kinh t khu vc ang trong thi
k pht trin nn gy ra thit hi nng n.
nh gi mi trng

115
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
S

n
g
i
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Nm
BIU THNG K THIT HI V NGI LU VC SNG VU GIA
- THU BN 1997 - 2009
Ngi cht
Ngi b thng
Ngi mt tch

Hnh 4.6: Thit hi v ngi lu vc sng Vu Gia Thu Bn t 1997 2009
BIU THIT HI V TI SN LU VC SNG VU GIA - THU
BN 1997 - 2009
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Nm
T
n
g

Hnh 4.7: Thit hi v ti sn lu vc sng Vu Gia Thu Bn t 1997 - 2010
Kh nng ng ph
- T chc th ch
Phn ln din tch lu vc thuc a phn tnh Qung Nam v thnh ph Nng ch o cng tc
phng chng thin tai c cc Ban ch huy PCLB & GNTT t cp tnh n cp a phng v c s phi
hp cht ch vi nhau trong cc hnh ng. Ngoi ra lc lng lm nhim v trc tip trong cng tc tm
nh gi mi trng

116
kim cu nn gm B ch huy Qun s tnh; B ch huy Bin Phng; Cng an tnh; Hi ch thp l cc
n v ch lc trong cng tc TKCN.
K hoch hnh ng lun chia ra lm 3 cng tc chnh: Cng tc chun b trc ma ma bo; cng tc
trin khai ng ph khi c bo, l xy ra v cng tc khc phc hu qu do thin tai gy ra.
C s h tng v trang thit b qun l thin tai chnh hin nay ca tnh Qung Nam v thnh ph Nng
bao gm cc cng trnh thu li, nh my thu in, h cha nc, trm bm, p dng, k sng, k bin, khu
neo u tu thuyn trnh tr bo, cng c, cc trm kh tng thu vn, mng li thng tin d bo thi tit.
Hin nay lu vc sng Thu Bn xy dng nhiu h cha nc. Cc H cha nc c dung tch ln hn 10
triu m
3
gm c: ng Ngh (17,2 triu m
3
), Ha Trung (10 triu m
3
), Ph Ninh (344 triu m
3
), Khe Tn (30
triu m
3
), Vinh Trinh (19,3 triu m
3
), A Vng (266,5 triu m
3
), a Mi 4 (152 triu m
3
) v Sng Tranh 2
(212,3 triu m
3
). Mt s khu neo u tu thuyn c xy dng nh C Lao Chm ( Qung Nam), Hng
Triu ( Qung Nam), Th Quang ( Nng). Trong lu vc c 2 trm o cc yu t kh tng: mt trm o
i din cho vng ng bng l trm Nng, mt trm i din cho vng min ni l trm Tr My v 18
trm o ma. Trn h thng sng V Gia -Thu Bn c 8 trm o thu vn, trong c 2 trm o dng chy
v mc nc, 2 trm o mc nc vng trung lu sng Thu Bn v sng Vu Gia, 4 trm o mc nc h lu
vng nh hng triu.

4.4. Tnh hnh thin tai lu vc sng Tr Khc-V-Tr Bng
Do v tr a l, c im a hnh v nhng bin i phc tp ca thi tit, kh hu, hng nm trn a bn
tnh Qung Ngi cc loi thin tai din ra ht sc phc tp v c xu th ngy cng gia tng v s lng cng
nh mc khc lit. Cc loi hnh thin tai thng xy ra tnh Qung Ngi bao gm: Bo v ATN; l
lt; st l b sng, b bin; st l ni; gi ma ng bc; Dng, lc ,st; l qut; hn hn; rt m rt
hiTrong th bo v l lt l hai loi hnh thin tai nguy him nht v gy thit hi nhiu nht, c xp
u tin trong bng danh sch cc him ho thin tai xy ra Qung Ngi.
Theo s liu thng k, trung bnh hng nm tnh Qung Ngi c 0,28 cn bo b trc tip; nu xt
v ma v cng gi t cp 6 tr ln c 1 cn bo hoc p thp nhit i nh hng trc tip; nu ch xt
n thun nh hng v ma (gin tip v trc tip) th trung bnh hng nm c 4 cn bo hoc p thp nhit
i nh hng n tnh Qung Ngi. Bo v ATN chng thng xut hin trong thi gian t thng V n
thng XII; trong khong 5 nm gn y, p thp nhit i xut hin c trong thng I, thng II; bo cng xut
hin sm hn (trong thng IV).
Qung Ngi, thng thng khi c nh hng kt hp ca bo, p thp nhit i, hay di hi t nhit
i vi gi ma ng Bc, thng c ma ln ko di sinh ra l, lt. Trung bnh mi nm, trn cc sng ln
thuc tnh Qung Ngi c 5 - 7 t l ln trn bo ng cp II. C nhng cn l vt bo ng cp III t 1 n
2,6 m; nhng trn l kp nhiu nh, ko di nhiu ngy gy ngp lt nghim trng cho vng thp trng ng
bng v ven bin. L, lt l loi hnh thin tai nguy him nht, c mc nh hng nghim trng v gy thit
hi ln nht v dn sinh, kinh t - x hi ca tnh.
Bng 4.1. Cc loi thin tai thng xy ra trn a bn tnh Qung Ngi
TT Tn thin tai
Mc nguy him
Xp
hng
Rt
cao
Cao Trung
bnh
Nh
1 Bo, ATN X
I
2
L, lt X
nh gi mi trng

117
3 St l b sng, b bin X
II
4 St l ni X
5 Gi ma ng Bc X
6 Dng, lc, st X
7 L qut X
III

8 Nc bin dng X
9 Hn hn X
10 Xm nhp mn X
11 Gi kh nng X

IV
12 Rt m, rt hi X
13 Ma X
14 Sng m, sng mui X
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
S

n
g
i
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Nm
BIU THIT HI V NGI LU VC SNG TR KHC T
1996 - 2010
Ngi cht
B thng

Hnh 4.8: Thit hi v ngi lu vc sng Tr khc t 1996 2010
BIU THIT HI V KINH T LU VC SNG TR KHC
T 1996 - 2010
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
1
9
9
6
1
9
9
7
1
9
9
8
1
9
9
9
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
3
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
6
2
0
0
7
2
0
0
8
2
0
0
9
2
0
1
0
Nm
T
n
g

Hnh 4.9: Thit hi v kinh t lu vc sng Tr khc t 1996 - 2010
nh gi mi trng

118
Theo s liu thng k t nm 1996 - 2010, tnh Qung Ngi chu nh hng trc tip v gin tip ca 90
cn bo, 63 t p thp nhit i; c 71 trn l xut hin trn cc sng thuc tnh. Bo, p thp nhit i v l v
cc thin tai khc gy thit hi nng n v ngi v ti sn ca nh nc v nhn dn trong tnh. C th: 601
ngi ngi cht, mt tch; 1017 ngi b thng; nh sp cun tri l 8.501 nh. Tng gi tr thit hi v kinh
t khong 7544.73 t ng.
Kh nng ng ph
- T chc th ch
Phn ln din tch lu vc thuc a phn tnh Qung Ngi ch o cng tc phng chng thin tai c
cc Ban ch huy PCLB & GNTT t cp tnh n cp a phng v c s phi hp cht ch vi nhau trong
cc hnh ng. Ngoi ra lc lng lm nhim v trc tip trong cng tc tm kim cu nn gm B ch huy
Qun s tnh; B ch huy Bin Phng; Cng an tnh; Hi ch thp l cc n v ch lc trong cng tc
TKCN. K hoch hnh ng lun chia ra lm 3 cng tc chnh : Cng tc chun b trc ma ma bo; cng
tc trin khai ng ph khi c bo, l xy ra v cng tc khc phc hu qu do thin tai gy ra.
Tnh Qung Ngi xy dng c mt s cng trnh h tng c s phng chng thin tai gm: Cc Trung tm
Phng trnh v Gim nh thin tai tnh v 03 huyn; h cha nc; trm bm; p dng nc; k sng; k bin;
ngn mn; khu neo u tu thuyn; cng c; cc trm kh tng thy vn v mng li thng tin d bo thi tit.
Tnh n nm 2009, trn a bn tnh Qung Ngi a vo khai thc s dng 527 cng trnh thy li phc v
ti (bao gm: 110 H cha nc; 324 p dng v 93 Trm bm). iu, cng trnh ngn mn c kin
c: 10,95 km sng; 25 km ca sng; 03 p ngn mn; 16.061,9 m k lt mi v 54 m hn. Cng trnh
cng neo u tu thuyn bao gm: Cng Dung Qut, Cng Sa K, Cng Tnh Ho, Cng L Sn, Cng M ,
Cng Sa Hunh. Trn lu vc hin nay c 3 trm thu vn c bn, 3 trm thu vn chuyn dung, 7 trm o ma, 3
trm kh tng v 94 mc bo l.

4.5. Tm tt tnh hnh thin tai mt s lu vc sng nh thuc d n
4.5.1. Lu vc sng H Vng v sng Rc (H Tnh)
Lu vc nm trong a phn tnh H Tnh, hng nm vn chu nhiu thit hi do ma bo gy ra. c bit
trong nhng nm gn y th tnh hnh ma bo trong khu vc c chiu hng gia tng c v mc v
cng . c bit trn l lch s trong nm 2010, xy ra vo ngy 14/10/2010 n ngy 19/10/2010 gy
ra thit hi nng n v ngi v ti sn cho nhn dn. Lng ma o c ti cc trm Chu L (Hng Sn)
l 1032 mm, Sn Dim (Hng Sn) l 672 mm, sng Rc l 886 mm. Ma ln trn din rng lm cho
mc nc sng trn cc sng ln nhanh v vt bo ng cp III. L chng ln l lm ngp chm trong
bin nc 182 x ca tt c 12 huyn thnh ph thuc tnh H Tnh, cc tuyn ng tnh l, quc l b ngp
chm trong nc. C t l lm cht 51 ngi, 175 ngi b thng; 396 nh b sp; 5.754 nh tc mi xiu
vo; 151003 nh b ngp su trong nc; ngp tri, h hng 23000 ha gm c cy hang nm, cy lm nghip,
cy n qu v din tch nui trng thu sn. Ngoi ra cn rt nhiu vt nui, ng x, trng hc, trm x
b h hng nng. Tng thit hi c tnh 6374 t ng.
Hng nm lu vc sng H Vng - Rc chu nhiu nh hng ca thin tai nh: Ma, bo, ngp lt,
l ng, l qut, st l, cc huyn min ni, ngp lt, xm nhp mn vng ng bng ven bin. Ton tnh H
Tnh c 32 tuyn vi chiu di 316 km, trong c 01 tuyn sng chnh cp II ( La Giang di
19,2km) v 31 tuyn sng cp IV v cp V vi chiu di 297 km. Nhn chung h thng iu cn nh,
nh gi mi trng

119
cao trnh thp, kh nng chng vi thin tai bo, l cn nhiu bt cp. H p c 345 ci vi tng dung
tch 762 triu m3 v 48 p dng. Phn ln cc h, p c u t xy dng t nhng nm 1980 v trc
nn cng trnh hu ht b xung cp. Trong nhng nm qua Chnh Ph v cc t chc Quc t tng
bc u t sa cha, nng cp. Tuy nhin, do ngun kinh ph c hn nn vic u t cha hon chnh vn
cn nhiu cng trnh ang trong tnh trng h hng xung cp trm trng nguy c xy ra s c bt c lc no
khi c ma l.
Bng 4.2: Thit hi do ma bo tnh H Tnh t 2003 - 2009
Hng mc 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Ngi cht 0 4 13 15 31 20 5 51
Ngi mt tch 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Ngi b thng 0 0 12 24 85 2 5 175
Thit hi ( T ng) 1.7 8.3 140 110 1135 250 107.85 6374

3.5.2. Lu vc sng Gianh v sng Nht L (Qung Bnh)
Qung Bnh l vng hp nht ca VN.
, p thp nhit i (ATN
, st l b sng, b bi , ct bay ct lp, rt m rt h
, l , st l b
sng b bin, ct bay ct lp. Hng nm, thng hng chu nhng t ma bo ln. Tuy nhin do a hnh,
cc trn l thng gy hi nghim trng i vi cc khu vc min ni v trung du, c bit l l qut. Nguyn
nhn gy nhng trn lt, l qut do iu kin a hnh, pha ty l sn ty ni Trng Sn thng ma rt ln
khi c bo b vo khu vc Min Trung. Thi gian tp trung l ngn, dc lu vc ln v nhiu rng u
ngun b cht ph khng theo qui hoch l nhng nguyn nhn quan trong gy ra nhng trn l v l qut ln.
Khng kh lnh kt hp vi cc hnh th thi tit khc gy ra ma ln v c bit ln, nh trn
ma l lch s thng XI, XII nm 1999. Trn l u thng XI/1999 l do khng kh lnh kt hp vi hot
ng cng rt cao ca di HTN c trc i qua Nam B trong cc ngy 1-4/XI v ATN b vo nam
Trung B chiu ti ngy 5/XI gy ra trn ma l c bit ln trn din rng t Qung Bnh, Qung Tr n
Khnh Ha, lng ma trn ph bin t 500 mm n hn 2000 mm vi trung tm ma Hu (2288 mm) v
A Li (2270 mm). L lch s xy ra h lu sng Hng, sng Gianh, sng Thch Hn v mt s sng
khc trong vng.
3 nm
sau, thi gian ma t
n , ATN , triu c
. Cc hnh thi thin tai khc nh l tiu mn (gy
ngp ng) xy ra t thng 4 n thng 6 hng nm; Lc xoy, dng st, ma xy ra quanh nm.
T nm 1989 n nay Qung Bnh phi gnh chu nhiu thit hi v ngi v ti sn do cc cn bo
v l lt gy ra nh hng rt ln n s pht trin kinh t x hi v n nh cuc sng dn c trn a bn
ton tnh. T nm 1999 n nay, thng k trn ton tnh v mc thit hi ln nht do bo l ti cc huyn
c xp theo th t nh sau: Huyn L thy, Qung Ninh, Qung Trch, B Trch, Tuyn Ha, Minh Ha,
nh gi mi trng

120
TP ng Hi. Tuy nhin trong vng hai nm li y th huyn chu nhiu thit hi nht l cc huyn Tuyn
Ha, Minh Ha do b l qut, xi l b sng.
Ma bo Qung Bnh din ra t thng 7 n thng 11, trong t thng 9-10 nhiu bo nht. Theo
s liu thng k t 1989 n nm 2008 c 13 cn bo b trc tip vo Qung Bnh, bnh qun 0,7 cn
bo/nm nh hng trc tip n Qung Bnh, c nm khng c bo, nhng li c nm lin tip 2-3 cn bo
b trc tip. nh hng nng n nht l bo gy ra gi xoy git km theo ma to di ngy (2-5 ngy) gy
ra l lt nghim trng. T l ma do bo v p thp nhit i gy ra chim ti 40-50% tng lng ma trong
cc thng 9-11. Lng ma do mt cn bo gy ra khong 300-600 mm. Thng k 10 nm tr li y (1999-
2008), trn a bn tnh chu nh hng trc tip ca 8 cn bo v 36 t p thp nhit i (trung bnh 04
cn/1 nm) lm ngng tr cc hot ng x hi, gy nhiu thit hi n con ngi, ti sn ca nhn dn v
Nh nc. Xu hng nhng nm gn y bo cng ngy cng gia tng v s lng v cng , cng ngy
mc cng khc lit v kh lng.
Bng 4.3: Thit hi lu vc sng Gianh t nm 1997 2006
Hng mc 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Ngi cht 11 10 21 4 6 0 2 1 13 9
Din tch la b ngp 6 8 14 7 5 0.8 0.6 13 5 9
Thit hi (t ng) 22 20 263 5 12 4 5 38 80 132

4.5.3. Lu vc sng Thch Hn (Qung Tr)
Qung Tr l tnh c c im v kh hu phc tp. L ni chu nh hng hu ht ca cc loi hnh thin tai
thng xy ra Vit Nam. Trong nhng nm qua Qung Tr chu nh hng ca thin tai, bo lt vi tn sut
ngy cng nhiu v cng ln.
Theo s liu thng k trong 98 nm c 75 cn bo b vo khu vc Bnh Tr Thin, bnh qun 0,8 cn
bo/nm nh hng trc tip n Qung Tr, c nm khng c bo, nhng li c nm lin tip 2-3 cn bo b
trc tip. T l ma do bo v p thp nhit i ngy ra chim ti 40-50% tng lng ma trong cc thng 7-10.
Lng ma do mt cn bo gy ra khong 300-400 mm, c khi 1000mm Mt s cn bo v ATN b lin tip
vo min trung thng gy nn nhng trn l c bit ln trn cc trin sng, nh trn l XI/1964, IX/1978,
XI/1987, XI/1995, XI/1996, XI/1998, XI v XII/1999 Tng lng ma ca cc trn ma ny t vi trm mm
n hn 1000 mm, c th t 1500-2000 mm trung tm ma. Khng kh lnh kt hp vi cc hnh th thi tit
khc gy ra ma ln v c bit ln, nh trn ma l lch s thng XI, XII nm 1999.
Bng 4.4: Thit hi lu vc sng Thch Hn t 1997- 2006
Hng mc 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Ngi cht 3 13 52 4 4 1 3 0 7 7
Din tch la b ngp 2 8 18 10 3 0 0 4 28 6
Thit hi (t ng) 10 23 2351 25 11 3 0 7 200 89
4.5.4. Lu vc sng Kone (Bnh nh)
c im t nhin lu vc sng Kone chu s chi phi ca iu kin a hnh. Phn thng lu l cc dy ni
c a hnh dc nn sng on ny c h s dng chy ln, thi gian tp trung nc nhanh. L trn sng
nh gi mi trng

121
Kone thng xy ra rt nhanh ln trong mt ngy. Hng nm c t 2 n 5 trn l, ko di t 3 n 5 ngy.
Do ma l thng ngn (ch din ra trong 4 thng) v ma kit ko di nn tc ng ca dng chy l ch c
th thy r rt nht sau khi xy ra l ln trn sng.
Lu vc sng Kone thuc tnh Bnh nh, do c im ring v v tr a l ca vng nn tnh hnh
kh hu c khc vi nhng vng khc trong c nc; trong khi min Bc, min Nam v Ty nguyn bc
vo ma kh hn th cc tnh duyn hi Nam Trung b ang l thi k ma bo. Cc loi hnh thin tai ph
bin Bnh nh ch yu l bo, p thp nhit i (ATN), l lt, l qut, st l t, hn hn, xm nhp mn,
t lc, nc bin dng v chy rngDin bin rt phc tp, kh lng gy thit hi to ln v ngi v ca,
lm nh hng rt ln n con ngi v s pht trin kinh t x hi. Hin nay, tnh hnh bin i kh hu s
lm trm trng thm mc ca thin tai. T nm 2005 n 2009 c nc xy ra 45 cn bo v 26 ATN
hot ng trn bin ng trong c 03 cn bo v 03 ATN b trc tip vo t lin Bnh nh; cc
cn bo v ATN hot ng gn b gy ma rt to gy l qut, st l t, ngp lt cho hu ht cc vng
trong tnh; Theo tng kt ca Vn phng Ban ch huy PCLB TKCN tnh; ch tnh ring t nm 20005
2009 thin tai lm 203 ngi cht, 141 ngi b thng, thit hi v ti sn khong 2.938,6 t ng.
Nhng loi hnh thin tai gy thit hi cho lu vc gm: bo, ma ln gy ra l ng, l qut, l kp
trn cc trin sng. c bit, nh hng ca bo s 11 nm 2009, ton b vng ng bng h lu sng H
Thanh v sng Kone b ngp chm trong nc t 1,0 n 5,0m. Cc tuyn ng i vo thnh ph Quy
Nhn b ngp su trong l t 0,5 n 1,3m khng th i li bng cc phng tin giao thng thng thng;
ton b h thng , k bo v sng H Thanh, cc tuyn bin, cc tuyn ng giao thng b chm su
di dng nc l chy xit. y l trn l ln nht xut hin trn lu vc sng H Thanh trong vng 40 nm
tr li y. Thit hi do bo, l nm 2009 lm 33 ngi cht, 76 ngi b thng; 4 phng hc b sp ,
730 phng hc tc mi, 35 trung tm y t , trm x b h hng, 98 tu thuyn b chm; 17.740 ha la b ng
, ngp ng, 3.673 ha hoa mu h hng, 679 ha b sa bi thy ph, 900 tn ging b h hng, 4.020 tn phn
ha hc b hng do ngp nc, 683 ha h tm b ngp, hng trm ngn con gia sc gia cm b nc l cun
tri; 10.300 m , k b st l, v, t tng on, knh mng thy li st l hn 25 km, 15 h cha nc b
st mi, 8 p trn h hng, 1 trm bm b ngp l v h hng, 89 p tm trn sng, sui b cun tri trong
l; hn 192 km ng giao thng b st l; cc khu, cm cng nghip b ngp nc , h hi nh xng. Tng
thit hi do bo s 9 v s 11 khong 1.332 t ng.
Bng 4.5: Thit hi lu vc sng Kone t 2000 -2010
Hng mc 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Ngi cht 2 2 2 21 9 19 10 41 20 33 11
Ngi mt tch 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Ngi b thng 1 0 0 2 15 0 4 10 6 76 6
Thit hi ( T ng) 9.8 2.8 3.05 152.1 111 86 13.3 1100 165 1332 836
3.5.5. Lu vc sng Dinh (Ninh Thun)
Vo thi k ma bo trn lu vc thng xut hin nhng trn l qut l ng trn cc trin sng, sui lm ngp
lt cc khu dn c quan trng nh vng Thnh ph Phan Rang, huyn Thun Nam, huyn Ninh Phc, huyn
Thun Bc. L qut xy ra lm thit hi nhiu ngi v ti sn ca nhn dn.
a im chung ca l sng Ci Phan Rang l l ln nhanh xung nhanh, thi gian l ngn, thng
c dng mt nh v mc bin ng l ln.L xut hin hng nm trn sng chnh l do casc trn ma t
nh gi mi trng

122
50 100 mm/ngy. Khi nh hng ca bo hay ATN th trn lu vc c th xut hin nhng trn ma ln
trn din rng vi lng ma t 100 200 mm/ngy.
Trong nhng nm gn y bo, l gy ra nhiu thit hi cho nhn dn. c bit l nhng trn bo
gy nn ma trn din rng c thng lu v vng ng bng ven bin sinhra cc trn l c bit ln nh
thng 11/2003, nc trn sng Dinh dng cao trn qua mt ko di trn 1,5 km vo thnh ph gy ngp v
uy hip v .
Theo s liu thng k ca ban ch huy phng chng lt bo tnh Ninh Thun, tnh hnh thit hi do ngp
lt trong nhng nm gn y gy thit hi c tnh trn 50 t ng, c bit c nm thin tai gy thit hi trn
200 t ng, s ngi cht tnh t nm 2000 n ht nm 2009 l 38 ngi.
Bng 4.6: Thit hi do bo l gy ra lu vc sng Dinh t 2000 2010
Hng mc 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Ngi cht 11 2 0 15 0 3 1 0 5 1 7
Ngi mt tch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ngi b thng 0 0 0 31 0 0 7 0 6 1 3
Thit hi (t ng) 122.6 0.29 0 123.9 0 23.8 2.038 13.2 20.54 60.25 1122

nh gi mi trng
123
PH LC 5
SNG LC V NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
Ph lc 5 cung cp thng tin sng lc ban u v cc tc ng ca cc tiu d n. Cc nh
gi nhm m bo rng cc tiu d n c la chn u t khng to ra cc tc ng bt li
khng th gim thiu bng cc bin php gim thiu tc ng c xut trong bo co nh gi
mi trng. Sng lc c thc hin da trn nhng thng tin u vo ca vng d n, th hin trn
bng A5.1 v cc thng tin ca cc tiu d n, bng 5.2.
Bng 5.3 v 5.4 tm tt kt qu sng lc an ton v nh gi cc tc ng ca cc TDA
nm u v ca cc nm tip theo thuc Hp phn 4. Qu trnh sng lc v nh gi s b ny
da trn cc hng mc u t ca TDA v s liu ban u do cc BQDT cung cp. Kt qu sng
lc v nh gi s b ny c th c iu chnh khi c s liu chi tit v tiu d n v trong qu
trnh lp KHT, KPDT, KQM. Bng 5.5. tm tt cc tc ng, bin php gim thiu, quan trc v
trch nhim ca cc n v.

5.1. Sng lc v nh gi s b cc tc ng mi trng
Bng 5.1. Sng lc v nh gi s b cc tc ng mi trng
TC NG TI MI TRNG T NHI N
Cht lng
khng kh
nh hng khng ng k trong qu trnh th cng v trong phm vi hp ti a bn
TDA, khng nh hng n mi trng vng.
Ting n v dao
ng
nh hng trong qu trnh chun b v thi cng ti khu vc TDA
Kh hu Khng nh hng n kh hu vng d n
a hnh v t
ai
Hu ht cc TDA l ci to, nng cp ti ch khng lm nh hng n a hnh v
tnh cht t ca lu vc. Mt s d n k gia c b sng, nng cp , h cha c
tc ng n a hnh cc b v nh hng tiu thot nc cc b. Hot ng xy
dng cc cng trnh , k sng, nng cp h cha, c th gy ra cc tai bin mi
trng nh: trt, st, l, ln t; xi l b sng, b bin... do cc hot ng xy
dng vt qu kh nng chu ti cho php ca yu t a cht cng trnh
Ngun khong
sn
Vic thi cng xy dng cc TDA khng lm tc ng n ngun khong sn vng d
n, do hu ht cc cng trnh d n l nng cp, ci to, bm theo h thng sng, h, cc
cng trnh c quy m nh, vng nh hng hp.
Thu vc Cc TDA khng lm nh hng n cc thy vc ln cn. C mt s TDA gia c h
p ti khu vc h l ngun nc ti v cp nc sinh hot cho cc khu vc ln cn.
C nh hng cht lng nc trong qu trnh thi cng. Cp nc sinh hot khng
trc tip nn tc ng khng ng k.
Bi lng v xi
l b sng
Vic thi cng cc TDA khng nh hng n bi lng v xi l b sng. Cc TDA
, k ngoi mc tiu chnh l m bo an ton ma l, cng l cc TDA chnh tr
lng sng, c tc dng chng bi lng xi l b sng.
nh gi mi trng
124
Ngun nc
ngm
C tc ng n ngun nc ngm khng ng k v trong phm vi hp ti a bn
mt s TDA gia c h p.
Cht lng nc C nh hng n cht lng nc mt trong qu trnh thi cng nh: tng hm lng
cht l lng. Khng lm thay i cht lng nc lu di
TC NG TI MI TRNG SI NH THI
H ng thc
vt trn cn
Cc TDA gn lin vi h thng sng, h, phm vi nh hng nh, khng lm nh
hng n h ng thc vt trn cn. Ti cc vng TDA khng c cc loi ng vt
c trong sch ca Vit Nam
H ng thc
vt thy sinh
Cc TDA khng lm bin i dng chy ln, khng lm thay i cht lng nc, khng
gy nhim mi trng nc bi cc cht c hi, khng tc ng n cc loi c v cc
loi thy sinh khc. Trong vng d n khng c cc loi ng vt thy sinh lit k trong
sch ca Vit Nam.
Cc khu bo tn Hu ht cc TDA u nm cch xa cc khu bo tn trn 1 km, c 01 TDA gia c h p
nh l h Chn Sn, ti i Lc Qung Nam cch khu bo tn B N Ni Cha 0.5km,
tc ng nh, khng ng k. Chi tit th hin trong ph lc 2.
TC NG TI MI TRNG KI NH T - X HI
Bom, mn cha
n
C kh nng vn cn bom mnh ti a phng mt s vng TDA, cn thit phi c
r ph bom mn. Chi tit th hin trong Bng 5.2. Ph lc 5.
S dng t, mt
t v sn xut
Tc ng tch cc
Tng din tch sn xut nng nghip do tng din tch ti nh cc TDA nng cp h
p; tng din tch trng trt, lm mui v nui trng thy sn mt s vng nh cc
d n cng c tuyn sng chng xi l, mt t, cc tuyn vng ca bin, tng
kh nng chng bo bin, xm nhp mn.
Tc ng tiu cc
Mt s d n nng cp, xy dng k v nng cp h cha phi thu hi t v
trng trt ca mt s h gia nh, tuy nhin mc nh hng nh do cc do vic la
chn cc cng trnh v gii php k thut tun th cc quy nh ca d n l gim
ti a vic thu hi t v ti sn ca ngi dn.
C s h tng Tt c cc TDA c xy dng cng nhm pht trin c s h tng vng d n. Cc
tiu d n/cng trnh c thc hin u c kh nng h tr giao thng, ci to mi
trng sinh thi v giao thng ni vng, gp phn thc y pht trin kinh t x hi
v to cnh quan mi trng vng d n. Cc TDA gia c k bo v con ngi,
ng rung khi bo v l lt. Cc TDA ng cu nn phng khi nc dng c lp
cc a phng. Cc TDA gia c h p gp phn ngn l, chng hn, tr nc ngt,
cung cp nc sinh hot v sn xut. Cc TDA xy dng nh cng ng kin c ng
thi l ni trnh tr bo l ca cng ng.
C cu kinh t Tng din tch v nng sut sn xut nng nghip, tng thu nhp v c hi sinh k,
khi phc nhanh hn sn xut v i sng trong khu vc b nh hng thin tai. Tng
cng hot ng giao thng phc v cu h cu nn v hot ng sn xut, i sng.
H thng thy
li
Cc TDA k kt hp vi nng cp cc cng trnh, cng tiu thot nc trn , tc
ng tch cc n h thng thy li, tng kh nng ti tiu ca h thng thy li. Mt s
TDA nng cp cng trnh h p kt hp vi nng cp h thng cng ly nc, trn x l,
knh ti, vv lm tng hiu qu ti tiu, cp nc ca h thng thy li.
nh gi mi trng
125
Di sn vn ha
v t nhin
Hu ht cc TDA u nm cch xa cc di tch lch s vn ha. C TDA t, hu sng
Cu Chy, Yn nh Thanh Ha cch n B Triu t 0.6-1km, tuy nhin tc ng bi
qu trnh thi cng d n nh. Chi tit th hin trong Bng 5.2. Ph lc 5.
CC TC NG N T NH H NH RI RO THI N TAI
Thng qua vic nng cao nhn thc ca cng ng v nng lc qun l ri ro ca
cc cp, cng nh vic nng cp cc CSHT phng chng thin tai D n WB 5 s
gip nhn dn cc tnh d n gim nh v trnh c nhng ri ro thin tai. Vic
nng cao nhn thc cng ng v phng chng thin tai s gip cho ngi dn v
cng ng thay i thi v hnh vi trong vic ng ph vi bin i kh hu, c
bit l vi mi trng. C th l, thay i thi , hnh vi trong vic s dng v bo
v ti nguyn rng (u ngun v phng h), ti nguyn nc, bo v iu, k,
p; ch ng ng ph vi thin tai; huy ng ni lc, cu h v gip ln nhau
trong thin tai v trong ti thit sau thin tai. D n WB5 dnh mt b phn ln
kinh ph cho vic nng cp c s h tng phng chng thin tai nhm hn ch nhng
thit hi ph bin vng d n; gim ri ro do mt an ton cc h cha v cc
tuyn ; bo v ngi, ti sn v t sn xut khng phi chu l lt v hn hn
hng nm. (Bo co SIA). Chi tit th hin trong Bng 5.2. Ph lc 5.
nh gi mi trng
126
5.2. Sng lc an ton cc tiu d n thuc hp phn 4
Bng 5.2. Sng lc an ton cc tiu d n thuc hp phn 4
No Sub-Project
Involve land
acquisition,
resettlement?
(provide an
estimate if
possible)
Involve ethnic
peoples? (provide
an estimate if
possible)
Involve UXO? Estimated
distance from
the nearest
cultural site
(not more
than 1 km
away)
Estimated distance
from the nearest
natural
habitats/forest area
(not more than 1 km
away)
Reservoir
capacity and
dam height
Negative
Impact

(9) (1) (2) (3)
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
I Thanh Ha

1
Maintain, upgrade and
treat the key parts of the
left dyke of Cu Chy
river (section from K0-
K42), Yn nh district
Yes
250 AH (afected
Households)
No - .
- 1,6 bil. VND.
- will be done
after detailed
design
+ 1 km to Ba
Trieu temple

+ 5.0 km to Dong
Son Nature Reserve
+ 6.6 km to Tam Quy
Nature Reserve
+ 10.7 km to Ham
Rong Nature
+ 25.6 km to Cuc
Phuong national park
Hmax = 7 (m) Small
II Ngh An

1
Bridge combining with
overflow connecting
rescued roads, Nghi Lc
and Vinh city
No

No Yes + 40 km to V Quang
national park

Small
2
Upgrade dike site of
Lng Yn Khai
Yes
83 AH
No No + 31 km to V Quang
national park

Small
3
Repair, Upgrade, ensure
safety for reservoirs Bn
Mung, Ch Quan, Xp
Thp, Khe Lau, Khe
Lng and Lch Bi
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
Yes
(Thai people.
Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
1. Khe Lng
reservoir:
-Yes
-7ha
- 175 Mil VND
2. Lch Bi:
-Yes
-10ha
- 250 mil VND
3. Others: NO
+ Bn Mung to P
Hung national park:
11.7 km

1. Khe Lng
reservoir:
- Wh = 3,03x10
6

m
3

- Z = 20,50 (m)
- B = 5,0 (m)
- Ztcs = 21,30 (m)
2. Lch Bi
Reservoir:
- Wh = 4,37x10
6

m
3

- Hln = 15,80 (m)
Small
nh gi mi trng
127
3. Bn Mung:
W = 3,14 mil m
3
,
Hmax = 23m
4. Ch Quan:
W = 0,5 mil m
3
,
Hmax = 6m
5. Xp Thp:
W= 0,25 mil m
3
,
Hmax=5m
6. Khe Lau
W=2,133xmil m
3

H = 13,49 m
4
Rescued road connecting
national road 46 to
Thanh Lng - Nam
Hng.
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No yes + 33 km to V Quang
national park

Small
5
Rescued road of Hng
Nguyn district
(including Hng Lam,
Hng Nhn, Hng Xun,
Hng Chu)
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No yes + 24 km to V Quang
national park

Small
6
Rescued road of
Lng district (including
Thi Sn, Minh Sn
communes)
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No yes + 37 km to P Mt
national park

Small
7
Embankment protecting
Ca River, acrossing
nh Sn, district Anh
Sn.
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No No + 6.8 km to P Mt
national park
Hmax = 18,0m
Small
8
Embankment protecting
Ca River, acrossing Linh
Sn, district Anh Sn.
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
No yes + 19 km to P Mt
national park
Hmax = 4,75m.
Small
nh gi mi trng
128
provide the
estimate)
9
Upgrade dike VachBac,
district Yen Thanh
Yes
(Only Involve in
agriculture land
acquisition.
Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No no + 53 km to P Mt
national park

Small
III H Tnh

1
Upgrade dike site Phc
Long Nhng, Cm
Xuyn district
Yes
249 AH
No Yes, 40ha + 11.5 km to K G
national park
Hmax = 5m
Small
2
Dredging, treating jet to
Ca St shelter, Lc H
district
No No Yes, 80ha + 33 km to K G
national park
+ 39 km to V Quang
national park

Small
IV Qung Bnh

1
Fishing boat habours in
Nht L river basin
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No
Yes
+ 30 km to Phong
Nha K Bng
national park
Small
V Qung Tr

1
Upgrade of Triu
Thng reservoirs 1,2
No No Yes, 8 ha + 23.6 km to
Dkrong nature
reserve
ng
1:
+ W= 2,3x10
6
m
3

+ Hmax = 11,5 m
ng
2:
+ W= 2,2x10
6
m
3

+ Hmax = 10,7m
Small
2
Upgrade of Phc Mn
reservoir, Hi L
No No Yes, 10 ha + 21.5 km to
Dkrong nature
+ W = 850x10
3
m
3

+ Hmax = 8,4 m
Small
nh gi mi trng
129
commune reserve
3
Embankment for Triu
commune Triu
Phong district
Yes, 6 ha + 34.7 km to Bc
Hng Ha nature
reserve
+ Hmax = 2,5 m
Small
4
Repair & Upgrade of
Hydraulic Structures:
Vit Yn Vnh Phc
No No No + 39 km to Bc
Hng Ha nature
reserve
+ 39 km to Dkrong
nature reserve

Small
5
Emergency anti- erosion
embankment for Ni Cu
Triu ng commune
Triu Phong district
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No Yes, 18.5ha + 31 km to Dkrong
nature reserve
+ Hmax = 5.5m
Small
6
Emergency anti-erosion
embankment for Triu
Ti commune Triu
Phong district
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No Yes, 11.5ha + 32 km to Dkrong
nature reserve
+ Hmax = 6.1m
Small
VI Nng

1
Upgrade, widen flood
drain for An Trch weir
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No No + 6 km to B N
Ni Cha national
park
H=4m
Small
2
Upgrade ensure safety
for Ha Trung reservoir
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No No + 2 km to B N
Ni Cha national
park

V= 11,69 mil m
3
.
H= 28,3 m

Small
nh gi mi trng
130
3
for 4 reservoirs: Trc
ng, Trng Loan, Hc
Kh, H Cau
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No No + 1 km to B N
Ni Cha national
park
- Trc ng:
V= 2,3 mil m3
h=10m
- Trng Loan:
+ V= 0,45 mil m
3
,
H=7m
- Hc Kh:
V=: 1,1 mil m
3
,
H=9m
- H Cau: V= 1,0
mil m3. H=13m
Small
4
for 2 small reservoirs:
ng Tro v H Thung
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No No + 2 km to B N
Ni Cha national
park
ng Tro and H
Thung
V= 0,3 mil m
3
and
0,8 mil m
3

H=6m, 10m
respectively
Small
VII Qung Nam

1
Repair, upgrade Thch
Bn reservoir, Duy
Xuyn district
No No Yes + 2 km to M
Sn Sanctuary
+ 13.3 km to B N
Ni Cha national
park
- W= 11,278 mil
m
3
.
- H= 20,1m.
Small
2
Repair, upgrade Khe Tn
reservoir, i Lc
district
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
Yes
(Kotu people.
Consultant
preparing RAP and
EMDP will provide
the estimate)
Yes + 12 km to M
Sn Sanctuary
+ 9.4 km to B N
Ni Cha national
park
- W= 56,1 mil m
3
.
- H= 24,4m
Small
3
Build anti-erosion
embankment for Thu
Bn river, Ph a area,
Duy Xuyn district
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No Yes, 1,5km x
60m
+ 10 km to B N
Ni Cha national
park
- H= 14m
Small
4
Repair, upgrade Chn
Sn reservoir, i Lc
district
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No Yes + 0.5 km to B N
Ni Cha national
park
- W= 0.85 mil m
3
- H= 8m
Small
nh gi mi trng
131
5
Build anti-landslide
embankment for Bu Su
river, in the down-stream
of Bu Nt weir, in
Bn district
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No Yes. 1,0km x
60m
+ 11 km to Hi
An ancient
town
+ 13 km to B N
Ni Cha national
park
- H= 10m
Small
6
Build river embankment
for Tn Bnh village,
in Trung commune,
in Bn district
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No Yes. 1,5km x
60m
+ 12 km to Hi
An ancient
town
+ 12 km to B N
Ni Cha national
park
- H= 12m
Small
IIX Qung Ngi

1
Fishing boat habours and
My A sea gates (phase 2)
No No Yes, 2ha + 28 km to Ba T
national park

Small
2
Anti-erosion
embankment for Ve
River of Quang Ngai
province
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
Yes
(Hre people.
Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No + 8 km to Ba T
national park
H=6m
Small
3
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No No + 34 km to Ba T
national park
H=6m

Small
IX Bnh nh

1
Upgrade anti-erosion
embankment of Kone
river for safety, An Nhn
and Tuy Phc district
Yes
209 AH
No Yes, 28ha + 6 km to Th Ni
swamp.
+ 14 km to Gnh
Rng national park.

Small
nh gi mi trng
132
2
Upgrade, repair overflow
bridges of rescued road
ng Tuy Phc An
Nhn Ph Ct
Yes
(Consultant
preparing RAP
and EMDP will
provide the
estimate)
No Yes, 10ha + 1 km to Th Ni
swamp.
+ 10 km to Gnh
Rng national park.

Small
X Ninh Thun

1
Upgrade dyke at the
north of Dinh river
Yes

Yes
(Cham people.
Consultant
preparing RAP and
EMDP will provide
the estimate)
No + 6 km to Ni
swamp.
+ 12 km to Phan
Rang national park
(dry forest).
H= 4,0m
Small
nh gi mi trng
133

Bng A5.3 Kt qu sng lc an ton v nh gi cc tc ng ca cc TDA nm u thuc Hp phn 4
TT Tn tiu d n Hng mc u t
Loi cng
trnh
Lu vc
sng
Cc tc ng tiu cc
sng lc theo tiu ch
trong bng 5.1
Cc ti liu
an ton cn
chun b
Yu cu
TM ca
Chnh ph
I. Thanh Ha
1
Tu b, nng cp v x l
cc im trng yu t
sng Cu Chy (on t
K0-K42).
Nng cp tuyn di 42km, k
chng st l cc v tr xung yu;
Sa cha, nng cp v lm mi
cc cng trnh trn tuyn; Xy
dng cc tuyn ng ngang
cu h, cu nn.
/
ng
Sng (1), (3), (4), (5), (8) KHT, KQM TM
II. Ngh An
2 Nng cp tuyn
Lng Yn Khai, Thanh
Chng
Tn cao, m rng, cng ha mt
2,87km
/
ng
Sng C (1), (3), (4), (5), (8) KHT, KQM TM
3 Cu kt hp trn ni
ng cu h ca nn
x Nghi Thi huyn
Nghi Lc v x Hng
Ha thnh ph Vinh
65m cu kt hp trn v 1km
ng v 1 cng thot nc vi
B=7,5m
/
ng
Sng C (1), (3), (4), (5) KHT, KQM CBM
III. H Tnh
4
- - ,
huyn Cm Xuyn
8,974km
/
ng Sng Ro
Ci, Sng
Rc
(1), (3), (4), (5), (8) KHT, KQM TM
VII. Qung Nam
5 Sa cha nng cp h Sa cha, nng cp p chnh, p/ h Sng Thu (1), (3), (4), (5), (6), KHT, KQM TM
nh gi mi trng
134
cha nc Thch Bn,
huyn Duy Xuyn
trn, ca ly nc, nh v ng
qun l
cha Bn (7)
IX. Bnh nh
6
Nng cp k chng xi
l b sng Kone m
bo an ton, huyn An
Nhn v Tuy Phc
Gm: 1,2 km k on Thng
Cng, x Nhn Phc; 1,5km k
on Sng Ngho, x Nhn
Hu; 1,8Km k on Tm Dn -
Tn Dng - x Nhn An;
1,3km k on h lu ca cu
B Di, x Phc Lc
/
ng
Sng Kone
(1), (3), (4), (5) KHT, KQM TM
*Ghi ch: (1) lin quan n thu hi t v ti nh c, (3) lin quan n vn ha vt th, (4) lin quan n ri ro bom mn; (5) lin quan n xy dng;
(6) lin quan n no vt; (7) lin quan n an ton p; (8) lin quan n mu thun s dng t/nc.

nh gi mi trng
135

Bng A5.4. Kt qu sng lc an ton v nh gi s b cc tc ng tiu cc tim n ca cc TDA ca cc nm tip theo thuc Hp phn 4.

TT Tn tiu d n Hng mc u t
Loi
cng
trnh
Lu vc
sng
Cc tc ng tiu cc
sng lc theo tiu ch
trong bng 5.1
Cc ti liu
an ton cn
chun b
Yu cu
TM ca
Chnh ph

II. Ngh An
1 Sa cha nng cp m bo an
ton cho cm h cha nc: Bn
Mung, Ch Quan, Xp Thp,
Khe Lau, Khe Lng v Lch Bi
Sa cha, nng cp p t, trn,
ca ly nc v nh qun l
p
Sng C
(1), (2), (3), (4), (5),
(7), (8)
KHT
KPDT
KQM

TM
2 ng CHCN cho huyn Hng
Nguyn (gm Hng Lam, Hng
Nhn, Hng Xun v Hng Chu)
Tn cao m rng cng ha mt
ng 23,5km
/
ng Sng C
(1), (3), (4), (5) KHT
KQM

TM
3
K bo v b sng C on qua x
nh Sn, huyn Anh Sn
2 km k
/
ng Sng C
(1), (3), (5) KHT
KQM
TM
hoc
CBM
4
K bo v b Sng C on qua x
Lnh Sn, huyn Anh Sn.
2 km k
/
ng Sng C
(1), (3), (4), (5) KHT
KQM

TM
hoc
CBM
5 ng CHCN thuc huyn
Lng (gm x Thi Sn, Minh
Sn)
ng 12km
/
ng Sng C
(1), (3), (4), (5) KHT
KQM

TM
6 Nng cp Vch Bc, huyn Yn
Thnh
9km
/
ng
Sng C
TM
7 ng CHCN ni vi ng
Quc gia 46 i Thanh Lng -
Nam Hng
ng 11,5km
/
ng Sng C
(1), (3), (4), (5) KHT
KQM

TM
nh gi mi trng
136
III. H Tnh
8
No vt, chnh tr lung vo Cng
trnh tr bo Ca St - Lc H:
- No vt, chnh tr tuyn lung
vo khu neo u di 4km;
- Xy dng tuyn k 300m chnh
tr dng;
- Lm 2km ng cu h cu,
cu nn;
- Xy dng tuyn k 1,5km bo
v cng c v cng trnh tr bo.
Cng
trnh
ca
sng
Sng C
(1), (3), (4), (5), (6), (9) KHT
KQM

TM
IV. Qung Bnh
9
Khu neo u trnh tr bo cho tu
c sng Nht L
- Cc cng trnh neo buc tu
- ngn sng
- K bo v b
- No vt khu nc u tu v
lung tu
- H thng phao tiu bo hiu
- Cc cng trnh h tng k thut
Cng
trnh
ca
sng
Sng
Nht L
(1), (3), (4), (5), (6), (9) KHT
KQM

TM
V. Qung Tr
10
Nng cp h thng H Triu
Thng 1, 2
Nng cp p chnh, p ph, trn
x l, cng ly nc, h thng
knh
p Sng
Thch
Hn
(1), (3), (4), (5), (7), (8) KHT
KQM

TM
11 Sa cha, nng cp cm cng
trnh Thy li Vit Yn - Vnh
Phc
Nng cp cng v ca cng
p Sng
Thch
Hn
(3), (5) KQM TM
hoc EPC
12
Nng cp h cha nc Phc
Mn, x Hi L
Nng cp p chnh, trn x l,
cng di p
p Sng
Thch
Hn
(3), (4), (5), (7), (8) KQM

TM
13 K chng xi l khn cp b sng
Ni Cu, x Triu ng, huyn
Triu Phong
Xy dng 1,02km k bo v b
sng
/
ng
Sng
Thch
Hn
(1), (3), (4), (5) KHT
KQM

TM
hoc EPC
nh gi mi trng
137
14
K bo v x Triu , huyn
Triu Phong
Xy dng 2,24km k bo v b
sng
/
ng
Sng
Thch
Hn
(3), (4), (5) KQM

TM
15
K chng xi l khn cp cho x
Triu Ti, huyn Triu Phong
Xy dng 1km k bo v b sng
/
ng
Sng
Thch
Hn
(1), (3), (4), (5) KHT
KQM

TM
hoc EPC
VI. Nng
16
Nng cp m bo an ton cho h
cha nc Ha Trung
M rng trn chnh; Gia c p
chnh; Cung cp trang thit b v
trang b cho nh qun l; Nng
cp ng CHCN v cu vt l
p Sng
Vu Gia -
Thu
Bn
(1), (3), (5), (7), (8) KHT
KQM

TM
17
Nng cp m rng kh nng thot
l p dng An Trch
Thay th 12 ca van c bng 12
ca van phng chy bng in;
M rng thm 2 ca thot nc
vai p; Gia c, nng cp sn tiu
nng; Trang b h thng iu
khin; Sa cha p H Thanh
p
Sng
Vu Gia -
Thu
Bn
(1), (3), (5), (8) KHT
KQM

TM
18
Nng cp m bo an ton cho
cm 4 h cha: Trc ng, H
Cau, Hc Kh, Trng Loan
Nng cp p chnh; Nng cp v
m rng trn chnh; M rng trn
ph; Sa cha ca ly nc; Gia
c ng cu h v ng qun
l; No vt y h
p
Sng
Vu Gia -
Thu
Bn
(1), (3), (5), (7), (8) KHT
KQM

TM
19
Nng cp m bo an ton cho 2
h cha nc nh: ng Tro v
H Thung
Nng cp p chnh; M rng v
gia c trn chnh; Sa cha p
ph; No vt y h; Sa cha
ca ly nc
p Sng
Vu Gia -
Thu
Bn
(1), (3), (5), (7), (8) KHT
KQM

TM
VII. Qung Nam
20 Sa cha nng cp H cha nc
Khe Tn, huyn i Lc
Sa cha, nng cp p chnh, trn,
p Sng
Vu Gia
(1), (2), (3), (4), (5),
(7), (8)
KHT
KPDT
TM
nh gi mi trng
138
KQM
21 Xy dng k chng xi l b sng
Thu Bn khu vc Ph a, x Duy
Thu, huyn Duy Xuyn
Thn v chn k c kt cu bng
tm b tng di 1,5km
/
ng
Sng
Thu
Bn
(1), (3), (4), (5) KHT
KQM

TM
22
Sa cha nng cp h cha nc
Chn Sn, huyn i Lc
Sa cha, nng cp p chnh,
trn, ca ly nc, nh v ng
qun l , h thng in
p Sng
Vu Gia
(1), (3), (4), (5), (7), (8) KHT
KQM

TM
hoc EPC
23
Xy dng k sng thn Tn Bnh,
x in Trung, huyn in Bn
Thn v chn k c kt cu bng
tm b tng di 1,5km
/
ng
Sng
Thu
Bn
(1), (3), (4), (5) KHT
KQM

TM
24
Xy dng k chng st l t cho
sng Bu Su, ti khu vc h lu
p dng Bu Nt, huyn in Bn
Thn k bng b tng c sn,
chn k bng dm b tng ct
thp M200, di 1km
/
ng
? (1), (3), (4), (5) KHT
KQM

TM
hoc EPC
VIII. Qung Ngi
25
p c Li
Cm u mi p: p, cng,
ng dn hai bn vai p.
p Sng V (1), (2), (3), (4), (5),
(7), (8)
KHT
KPDT
KQM
TM
26
Cng neo tr tu thuyn v ca
bin M (Giai on 2)
Ko di 180m Nam v 160m
Bc ti cao trnh +6,0m; Ko
di chn ct, ngn l ti hn
120m, cao trnh nh +3,2m; No
vt v m rng lung vo ti
60m. Cc cng trnh dch v hu
cn, ni trnh tr bo cho cng
ng v cc cng trnh k thut
Cng
trnh
ca
sng
Sng V (3), (4), (5), (6), (9) KQM

TM
IX. Bnh nh
nh gi mi trng
139
27
Nng cp, sa cha cu vt l
thuc cm ng CHCN khu
ng Tuy Phc - An Nhn - Ph
Ct
Nng cp 8 cu vt trn nm
trn ng tnh l T640 gm:
cu 15, Hunh Mai, Km14+310,
Km14+760, Km15+820,
Km16+620, Km17+080,
Km17+865 v 1 cu vt trn
trn ng T636A: cu Bu So
/
ng
Sng
Kone
(1), (3), (4), (5) KHT
KQM

TM
Ninh Thun
28
Nng cp b Bc sng Dinh
Nng cp ton b tuyn nhm
bo v thnh ph Phan Rang -
Thp Chm kt vi vi giao
thng, chiu di 11,1km
/
ng
Sng
Dinh
(1), (2), (3), (5), (8) KHT
KPDT
KQM

TM
*Ghi ch:
- (1) Lin quan n thu hi t v ti nh c, (2) lin quan n dn tc thiu s, (3) lin quan n vn ha vt th, (4) lin quan n ri ro bom mn; (5)
lin quan n xy dng; (6) lin quan n no vt; (7) lin quan n an ton p; (8) lin quan n mu thun s dng t/nc; (9) lin quan n thi cng
ti vng ca sng.
- Qu trnh sng lc v nh gi s b ny da trn cc hng mc u t ca TDA v s liu ban u do cc BQDT cung cp. Kt qu sng lc v nh gi
s b ny c th c iu chnh khi c s liu chi tit v tiu d n v trong qu trnh lp KHT, KPDT, KQM.

nh gi mi trng
140

Bng A5.5. Tm tt cc tc ng, bin php gim thiu, quan trc v trch nhim ca cc n v
Hp phn 1 2 3 4 5
Cc hot ng
chnh
Tng cng th
ch, h thng
thng tin v lp k
hoch qun l ri
ro thin tai.
Tng cng
h thng d
bo thi tit
v cnh bo
sm thin tai
Qun l thin tai da
vo cng ng, bao
gm cc bin php
phi cng trnh v
cng trnh (khu trnh
tr bo, ng di
dn, trm bm, no
vt knh mng)
u t gim thiu ri ro thin tai cho cc TDA
u tin, bao gm nng cp, sa cha cc h, p,
, k sng, ng cu h, cng trnh trnh tr
bo ca sng
Tng s c 6 TDA nm u v 28 TDA nm tip
theo.
H tr thc hin v
Qun l d n
Cc tc ng
tch cc
Tng cng chnh
sch v nng lc
th ch cp trung
ng, a phng,
lu vc sng
Tng cng
kh nng k
thut d bo
Tng cng kh nng
qun l thin tai ca
cng ng
Tng cng c s h tng v nng lc th ch
cp tnh t nng cao nng lc cp lu vc
sng;
Gim nh thit hi v ngi v ti sn;
To iu kin pht trin kinh t x hi;
Nng cao nhn thc ca cng ng v nng lc
qun l ri ro ca cc cp;
Ci thin v nng cao cht lng mi trng
sng.
Tng cng nng lc
qun l an ton cho
cc cn b d n
Tc ng tiu
cc
- - Lin quan n cc
cng trnh nh, bao
gm tc ng thu hi
t v cc tc ng
trong qu trnh thi
cng (bi, n, rung
ng). Cc tc ng
ny c nh gi l
rt nh, mang tnh
tm thi, cc b v
Lin quan n cc cng trnh quy m nh v va
ti mt s khu vc u tin.
Trong giai on chun b: Thu hi t v ti nh
c i vi ngi dn a phng, trong c
ngi DTTS. Cc tc ng ny c nh gi l
nh, mang tnh tm thi, cc b v c th gim
thiu
Trong giai on thi cng:
- Lm suy gim cht lng mi trng nh cht
lng nc xung cp, bi, nhim khng kh,

nh gi mi trng
141
c th gim thiu. ting n, tng ri ro v an ton giao thng v mt
giao thng do cn tr giao thng v do cc
hot ng xy dng; cc vn x hi nh nguy
c i vi sc khe cng ng, xung t v x
hi hoc cn tr cng vic kinh doanh v cc
hot ng kinh t ca a phng. Cc tc ng
ny c nh gi l kh nh, mang tnh tm
thi, cc b v c th gim thiu.
- Ri ro lin quan n bom mn cha n. Ri ro
ny c nh gi mc nh n trung bnh.
Trong giai on vn hnh: Ri ro do cc cng
trnh khng c thit k hoc qun l thch hp
c th xy ra (nh v , k, p, xi l b bin,
xung t s dng t, nc). Ri ro ny cng
c nh gi l nh v c th gim thiu
Bin php
gim thiu
Cc tc ng c th
gim thiu thng qua
qu trnh thit k c
s tham gia v p
dng cc bin php
thi cng thch hp.
Mt b Quy tc mi
trng n gim
c xy dng v s
c km theo trong
cc ti liu u thu
v hp ng thi cng
cho cc hot ng
hp phn 3
Cc tc ng do thu hi t, nh hng n
ngi dn tc thiu s, di chuyn m m c
gim thiu thng qua n b. KCT, KCDT v
cc KHT, KPDT ca cc TDA cn c xy
dng v thc hin y .
Cc tc ng do thi cng cng trnh c th c
gim thiu thng qua BQM. Ri ro bom mn
cha n c th gim thiu thng qua vic kim
tra v tho d bom mn. KQMX v cc KQM
ca cc TDA cn c xy dng v thc hin
y .
Cc tc ng trong qu trnh hot ng s c
gim thiu thng qua vic chun b mt k hoch
ng ph khn cp v tng cng nng lc, trong
, cc hot ng u tin cn c lng ghp
vo hp phn 1 v 3. KCA s a ra hng
dn v qun l an ton p v cc bin php u
D n tp trung ti
nhng vng c nguy
c ri ro cao (ng
dn, c s h tng
khng y , khu
vc nhy cm nh
ca sng, khu c tr
t nhin ..). Do vy
cn c y cc
thng tin mi trng
nn c th nh gi
chnh xc cc tc
ng, mc tc
ng v cc bin php
gim thiu cn thit.
KQM cn a ra
nhng thng tin sp
nh gi mi trng
142
tin v an ton p cn phi cp trong KQM.

xp th ch v nng
lc ca h v ng ph
thin tai i vi tng
TDA
Gim st Cn c gim st v
bo co kt qu thc
hin an ton v thu
hi t hay cc n
kin khc trong qu
trnh thi cng

Trong qu trnh thi cng:
Vic gim st cht lng nc thng lu v h
lu khu vc thi cng khi cc cng trnh ny gn
cc ngun nc hay c hot ng ca cng.
Gim st cht lng khng kh v cc gim st
khc ch thc hin khi cn thit.
Nhm thc hin
KQM phi c kh
nng xc nh c
nhng khu vc nhy
cm quan trc cht
lng nc (da vo
cc thng tin v khu
vc d n, kin ca
nhng ngi s dng
nc hoc chnh
quyn a phng)
Trong qu trnh vn hnh:
Cn c s gim st an ton p, , k v cn b
tr ngn sch v cn b c nng lc thc hin.
Kt qu gim st cn phi np cho WB hng
nm sau khi hon thnh thi cng v mt nm sau
khi kt thc d n.
Cn c o to an
ton v p, , k
trong qu trnh thc
hin D n. y c
th l mt phn ca
hp phn 1 v 3 hoc
o to an ton ca
hp phn 4
Trch nhim
ca cc n v
BQDT thc hin cc
bin php gim thiu
v gim st. Kt qu
ca qu trnh ny
phi c ghi vo
bo co tin TDA
BQDTW/BQMX/TG
M thc hin gim st
v bo co
BQDT thc hin cc bin php gim thiu v
gim st. TGT v/hoc k s hin trng chu
trch nhim gim st hng ngy, quan trc v
bo co.

BQDTW/BQMX/TGM thc hin gim st v
bo co

nh gi mi trng
143

nh gi mi trng
144
PH LC 6
THAM VN CNG NG

6.4. Tm tt hot ng tham vn thc hin
6.5. Kt qu tham tham vn trong qu trnh xc nh phm vi d n (tham vn ln 1)
6.6. Kt qu tham vn v d tho REA v ESMF
6.7. Bin bn tham vn cng ng

Mc ch ca qu trnh tham vn cng ng l m bo cho cc bn b nh hng c tham
gia vo qu trnh ra quyt nh v thc hin d n, nng cao s hiu bit ca cng ng v d n cng
nh cc tc ng ca d n n cuc sng ca cng ng . S ng gp ca cng ng lin quan s
m bo rng d n p ng c nhu cu ca cng ng v v kh nng em li li ch cho cng
ng.
Trong qu trnh chun b REA v ESMF, qu trnh tham vn cng ng c t chc thnh
hai giai on nh c trnh by trong Bng 6.1.
Bng 6.1. Tham vn cng ng trong qu trnh chun b REA v ESMF
Giai on Mc tiu Phng php
Xc nh phm vi
(tham vn ln 1)
Xc nh cc bn lin quan chnh
Gii thiu d n
Xc nh cc yu t mi trng nn
Tm hiu s b cc tc ng ca d n
v bin php gim thiu
T chc cc cuc hp vi cc bn lin
quan nh UBND x, huyn, s
NN&PTNT, s TN&MT NGOs, hi
nng dn, hi ph n, mt s ngi b
nh hng
Bng cu hi phng vn
Hon thnh d tho
REA v ESMF
(tham vn ln 2)
Tho lun v ly kin phn hi v
ni dung v kt qu REA v ESMF
T chc cc cuc hp vi cc bn lin
quan nh UBND x, huyn, s
NN&PTNT, s TN&MT NGOs, hi
nng dn, hi ph n, mt s ngi b
nh hng. Bn cnh cn c s tham
vn cp Trung ng bao gm B
NN&PTNT, b TN&MT, b K hoch
v u T
Gi bo co REA v ESMF n cc bn
lin quan v xin kin phn hi
Trong d n VN-Haz, cc bn c lin quan c xc nh bao gm cc nhm ngi sau:
nh gi mi trng
145
- Nhng ngi b nh hng trc tip: l cng ng dn c hin ang sinh sng trong khu vc
TDA, chu tc ng trc tip t cc hot ng ca d n, bao gm cc h nng dn, nhm dn
tc thiu s sng ven , k, h cha, ng cu h cu nn, cc ng dn
- Nhng ngi nh hng gin tip: l mt s cng ng dn c sng cc x, huyn quanh
khu vc TDA hoc bn kia sng trong trng hp nng cp , k sng, cc h sng h lu
sng, cc ng dn ca cc huyn, tnh bn cnh khu vc TDA
- Cc c quan qun l Nh nc: bao gm B NN&PTNT, B TN&MT, B KH&T, cc s
NN&PTNT, s TN&MT
- Cc t chc v c nhn khc: bao gm cc t chc phi chnh ph cp quc gia v cp vng,
cc t chc dn s cp vng.
Nh tm tt trong bng 6.1, phng php v k thut s dng qu trnh tham vn xc nh
phm vi (tham vn ln 1) l t chc cc cuc hp vi cc bn lin quan nh chnh quyn a phng
(UBND huyn, x c TDA v lin quan n TDA), cc c quan qun l nh nc (cc s NN&PTNT,
s TN&MT) NGOs (hi nng dn, hi ph n, cc NGOs khc), mt s ngi b nh hng. Bn
cnh , to iu kin cho ngi dn c tham gia trnh by kin, nguyn vng ca mnh, tham
vn di dng bng cu hi phng vn iu tra c thc hin. Hai bng cu hi c a ra, bao
gm bng cu hi v hin trng mi trng nn v bng cu hi v tnh hnh, hu qu ca thin tai,
trong c trnh by nguyn vng v yu cu ca n v hoc ngi dn c phng vn v d n.
Cc a phng la chn thc hin tham vn cng ng l nhng a phng c lin quan trc tip
n d n, c bit quan tm cc x c hng li v cc x b nh hng bi d n.
Trong ln tham vn v d tho bo co REA v ESMF (tham vn ln 2), ngoi cc phng php
v k thut s dng trong ln tham vn th nht, mt phng php tham vn khc c s dng l
gi cc bo co REA v ESMF trc tip hoc qua ng cng vn n cc bn lin quan v xin kin
phn hi bng vn bn.
6.4. Tm tt hot ng tham vn thc hin
Nhm t vn WB5 t chc hai t tham vn vi ni dung nh sau:
Tham vn ln 1: Tham vn c tin hnh thc hin vi cc i din S NN&PTNT, Ban
Qun l d n ca S NN&PTNT, Chi cc Thy Li, Chi cc QL v PCLB , S TN&MT, Chi
cc BVMT, UBND huyn, UBND x, Hi Ph n, hi Nng dn, Mt trn T quc x.
Ni dung tham vn cng ng gm c:
- Gii thiu chung v d n Qun l thin tai Vit Nam (VN-Haz/WB5) v cc tiu d n thnh
phn;
- Xc nh cc bn lin quan, nhm ngi c hng li, i tng b nh hng khi thc
hin d n;
- Tm hiu hin trng v din bin v iu kin mi trng: bao gm iu kin v a l, a
cht, iu kin v kh tng thy vn, cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin, iu kin v kinh
t - x hi, cc ri ro mi trng chnh v cc nguyn nhn c bn trong vng d n, cc k
hoch, quy hoch ln trong vng d n. Tham vn iu tra iu kin mi trng v hin trng
ri ro thin tai c s dng phiu tham vn;
- Bc u sng lc cc tc ng mi trng ca d n v tho lun v cc tc ng ca d n
n mi trng t nhin, mi trng kinh t x hi v hu qu thin tai;
- Tho lun nhng gii php ph hp nhm gim thiu tc ng, phng nga v ng ph vi
thin tai, s c mi trng;
- kin nguyn vng, yu cu ca a phng xung quanh vn thc hin d n;
Danh mc ti liu, thng tin thu thp:
nh gi mi trng
146
- H s cc tiu d n,
- Bo co hin trng mi trng tnh trong 5 10 nm gn y v bo co quan trc mi trng
5 10 nm gn y
- Bo co hin trng pht trin kinh t x hi mi nht v Quy hoch pht trin kinh t x hi
ca tnh
- Bo co quy hoch s dng t v bn quy hoch s dng t
- Bo co quy hoch thy li v bn quy hoch thy li
- Bo co tng kt tnh hnh thin tai v thit hi do thin tai trong 5 10 nm gn y v K
hoch ng ph, gim nh thin tai ca tnh
- Khung qun l ri ro thin tai n nm 2020 (WB4)
- S ng h ca cng ng i vi cc ri ro thin tai
- Nin gim thng k mi nht ca tnh v cc huyn thuc a bn d n
- Bo co quy hoch pht trin kinh t vng Bc Trung B
- Bo co quy hoch tng hp lu vc sng v cc bn km theo
- Thng tin sinh thi v a dng sinh hc ca tnh
- Thng tin cc cng trnh vn ha, lch s.
Trong t tham vn ln 1, nhm t vn thc hin 41 cuc hp tham vn, c bin bn km
theo. Cc t chc, c nhn c tham vn c thng k trong Bng 6.2.
Tham vn ln 2: Tham vn c tin hnh thc hin vi cc i din S NN&PTNT, Ban
Qun l d n ca S NN&PTNT, Chi cc Thy Li, Chi cc QL v PCLB , S TN&MT, Chi
cc BVMT, UBND huyn, UBND x, Hi Ph n, hi Nng dn, Mt trn T quc x. Bn cnh
cn c s tham vn cp Trung ng bao gm B NN&PTNT, b TN&MT, b K hoch v u T
Ni dung tham vn cng ng gm c:
- Gii thiu chung v d n v cc tiu d n;
- Gii thiu tm tt ni dung bo co nh gi mi trng vng (REA) v Khung qun l mi
trng - x hi (ESFM);
- Tho lun, gp hon thin ni dung 2 bo co (tham kho cc ni dung c th trong phiu
xin kin ng gp cho ni dung bo co nh gi mi trng vng (REA) v Khung qun l
mi trng - x hi (ESFM));
- xut, kin ngh ca a phng hoc cng ng vi ch u t v ch d n trong qu trnh
thc hin d n.
Trong t tham vn ln 2, nhm t vn thc hin 36 cuc hp tham vn, c bin bn km
theo. Cc t chc, c nhn c tham vn c thng k trong 6.2.
6.5. Kt qu tham tham vn trong qu trnh xc nh phm vi d n (tham vn ln 1)
Tng hp kin tham vn:
Hu ht cc tnh v nhn dn trong vng d n ng h nhit tnh vic thc hin d n v nh
hng t thin tai n khu vc ny l rt ln, gy nhiu thit hi cho ngi dn v nh hng
n tc pht trin chung ca nhiu tnh, huyn, x. Do vy y l s bc xc v l mi
quan tm hng u ca cc tnh min Trung. Nhn dn trong vng d n u mong mun d
n sm trin khai.
nh gi mi trng
147
Cc tnh s to nhng iu kin thun li v h tr ti a cho d n, c bit l i vi vn
thu hi t phc v d n thng qua qu trnh gii phng mt bng v xy dng cc hng mc
cng trnh.c kh nng gy ra tc ng xu n mi trng v x hi;
Nhm ngi hng li t d n ch yu l b con nng dn, ng dn trong c kh nhiu h
ngho v mt s nhm dn tc thiu s. Nhm ngi b nh hng t d n khng nhiu, a
s u ng h d n, nhiu h dn t nguyn hin t hoc khng yu cu n b hoa mu,
nh ca
Cc tiu d n ch yu l nng cp v ci to cc cng trnh hin c b xung cp hoc khng
kh nng phng trnh thin tai do vy cc tc ng tiu cc ca d n khng nhiu xy ra trong
qu trnh thi cng l ch yu v c th gim thiu bng cc bin php hp l.
Sau y l cc kin ngh v nguyn vng ng ch ca cc tnh v nhn dn trong vng d n:
Thanh Ha
- Nguyn vng thc hin d n cng sm cng tt
- Khi thc hin d n cn cng khai thng tin v bo trc cho huyn, x
- Cc x chu nh hng rt ln t thin tai, gy nhiu thit hi cho ngi dn v nh hng n
tc pht trin chung ca tnh, huyn, x => bc xc, mun thc hin ngay d n, sn sng
ng h, hin t, to mi iu kin thun li
- Nng cp l cn thit v nm no cng b e da do v , l lt thng xuyn
- Trong vng d n c mt s x c dn tc thiu s, cn c chnh sch khuyn kch s pht
trin dn tc thiu s
Ngh An
X Thanh Lng, huyn Thanh Chng:
- L x chu nh hng thng xuyn ca ngp lt, tuyn hin c ch sc phng nga l tiu
mn, c 9-10 nm li c l lch s, ngp n nc nh. Khi b lt do l tiu mn, 5 xm b chia ct
hon ton, phi i li bng thuyn nan, nh hng n hc tp ca hc sinh v cuc sng ca
ngi dn, ngp 100% t canh tc nng nghip
- X c nhng bin php ng ph vi ri ro thin tai nh tuyn truyn cho ngi dn ch ng
phng trnh l, c h thng truyn thanh thng bo cho ngi dn vng trng khi c l, ngp lt,
vn ng ngi dn lm b, thuyn Tuy nhin cc bin php ny thng khng a li hiu qu
cao a hnh thp trng, tuyn nh nn dn thng xuyn ri vo b ng khi c ngp lt
- Nhm ngi hng li l ton b b con cc xm min ni ni cha ma lt, cha nng
hn.
- Khng c nhm ngi b nh hng do dn sn sng hin t lm ng
- a phng hon ton ng h d n, khng c yu cu bi thng, n b do d n s to iu
kin thun li hn cho giao thng trong khi b ngp lt, gim thit hi v ngi v ca, bo v ma
mng, hc sinh khng phi ngh hc ngy l.
H Tnh
- ngh trin khai sm d n v rt thit thc vi cuc sng nhn dn
- ngh h tr cng tc phng chng lt bo ca tnh
Qung Bnh:
- ngh cho trin khai nhng d n c hiu qu, trnh chm tr trong qu trnh trin khai
- Cn c bin php bo v b sng, bin c khoa hc, c nghin cu k lng
- Nng cao nng lc d bo thin tai
nh gi mi trng
148
Huyn Qung Ninh:
- Cn c nhng chnh sch h tr nhng gia nh b nh hng
- Chn thi im thi cng thch hp, trnh cn tr i sng v sn xut ca nhn dn
- Kho st m rng ng ph hp cho m bo an ton giao thng
Qung Tr:
- Khi thc hin d n phi thc hin nghim chng trnh qun l mi trng hoc cam kt bo
v mi trng, nng cao trch nhim ca Ban qun l d n, nh thu, phng Qun l Ti
nguyn & Mi trng huyn
Nng:
- i din Chi cc Bo v Mi trng c kin ng h d n v ng v s cn thit ca d
n trong vic qun l ri ro thin tai, bo v mi trng, x hi, dn sinh, kinh t
- Trong qu trnh thi cng, sa cha, nng cp h p cn c bin php m bo an ton v bo
v mi trng, gim thiu cc tc ng ti mi trng
X Ha Tin, huyn Ha Vang:
- Cn thit nng cp, ci to h thng knh thot l thot l cc b cho cc x in Tin
(Qung Nam), Ha Tin, Ha Khng, i Hip v Ha Chu
- Hng nm do thot l km gy ngp lt t sn xut v dn sinh, c nguy c v knh, cc
knh hin gi ang xung cp
- a phng ng h d n nng cp p dng An Trch
- Kin ngh cp thm kinh ph gia c knh chnh, nhng on xung yu, khi thng sng Ty
Tnh gip tiu ng, thot l.
Qung Nam
X Duy Thu, huyn Duy Xuyn: Ngoi vic u t xy dng k sng Thu Bn, a phng mong
mun:
- c h tr xy dng nh chng l cho x thuc vng ngp lt (x thng xuyn b ngp lt
t 1-3m, hu ht ton b x)
- c h tr nng cp h cha Hc Kt c nhim v ct l v cp nc ti
Chi cc Bo v Mi trng:
- ngh gia c k chng st l b
- Sa cha v nng cp h cha
- Khng x nc h cha lm ngp lt vng h lu
Qung Ngi
- Trong nhng nm gn y b sng V on t sui Cu Lim (Hnh Tn ng) n Ca L
(c Li) thng xuyn b st l mi khi c l xy ra, tc xi l din ra ngy cng
mnh.Vic xi l lm thay i hnh thi sng nhiu on, c bit vic xi l b sng gy
mt rt nhiu t canh tc, t , e da trc tip n an ton dn sinh, c s h tng ( ng
giao thng, trng hc...) . Nhiu h gia nh mt nh ca, mt s khu dn c thng
xuyn phi di di trnh l, nhiu vng t sn xut b thu hp
- Tnh hnh xi l b sng em li rt nhiu bc xc cho ngi dn nn a phng mong mun
c u t nng cp tuyn , m bo an ton dn sinh trc thin tai v gi t sinh hot
cho ngi dn ven sng.

nh gi mi trng
149
Ninh Thun:
- Tuyn sng Dinh (11.5km) c nhim v rt quan trng l bo v thnh ph Phan Rang
trung tm kinh t, chnh tr, x hi ca tnh Ninh Thun.
- Vic gii ta n b cho thc hin tiu d n l kh ln do nn tuyn nhng hu ht ngi dn
u mong mun nng cp c bo v an ton.
- Mi trng sinh thi khng b nh hng khi nng cp
Huyn Ninh Phc ngh:
- C phng n k thut gim thiu ti xm thc t bn b nam sng Dinh, cn thit phi
c phng n tiu thot l, trnh l
- Cc x An Hi, An Phc, Phc Thun c tham gia hp phn 3 d n WB5
X Phc Thun:
- Cn c phng n hi ha c hai bn b sng Dinh, ti u ha li ch, hn ch ti a thit hi,
nh hng dn sinh, c bit l dn c b nam sng Dinh (x Phc Thun c 18.000 dn, x
An Hi c 12.000 dn v 1500 ha t nng nghip).
Bnh nh:
Huyn Tuy Phc:
- y l khu vc rn l ca tnh, hng nm chu thit hi t thin tai nhiu nht tnh, xy ra vo
thng 10 n thng 12. Hng nm trong 3 thng l, cc x Phc Thun, Phc Sn, Phc
Ha, Phc Thng b chia ct mt thng, phng tin i li ch l ca n hoc . L bo ng
cp 2 phi i vt quan trn 15 v trn Hunh Mai. Thn Hunh Mai thng xuyn b
chia ct, c lp.
- Huyn mong mun c d n (da trn nhu cu bc xc ca ngi dn). Huyn s phi hp
thc hin gii phng mt bng. Tin n b t la, t vn, t , hoa mu, huyn chu
70%, x chu 30% theo quy nh ca nh nc. Huyn v x s b tr ti nh c ti ch hoc
b tr t , t canh tc nu phi di di.
- Mt s h nng dn x Phc Lc sn sng hin t cho d n
6.6. Kt qu tham vn v d tho REA v ESMF
Tng hp kin tham vn:
- Hu ht chnh quyn cc tnh v nhn dn a phng ng thc hin d n, tuy nhin yu
cu xy dng nhanh, hn ch tr hon, ko di thi gian, yu cu m bo s trong sch cho
mi trng v ng nhim v, m bo cht lng cng vic;
- ng vi ni dung hai bo co nh gi mi trng vng, Khung qun l mi trng x hi
v cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng nu trong bo co;
- ngh nh u t cam kt thc hin nghim tc vic gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc m d
n mang li nh qun l mi trng, quan trc cht lng mi trng
- gim thiu nhng tc ng n cng ng v hot ng sng ca ngi dn, cc hp phn
ca d n phi tin hnh nhanh v hon thnh tng cng on, hn ch xy dng t khng
quy c;
- Mt s a phng xut nn c cc chnh sch x pht hoc thm ch n phng chm dt
hp ng vi ch thu nu khng thc hin theo ng cam kt. c bit, h thng quan trc
mi trng cn thc hin y v nh k ph hp vi chng trnh bo v mi trng.
nh gi mi trng
150
- Chnh quyn a phng v i din ngi dn ca x s cng nhau hp tc chia s nhng vn
pht sinh trong qu trnh thc hin d n.
Sau y l cc kin ngh v nguyn vng ng ch ca cc tnh v nhn dn trong vng d n:
Tng hp mt s kin ng ch trong t tham vn ln 2
Tnh Thanh Ha
- Bo co REA nu y cc thng tin v ni dung lin quan n d n nh tn d n, ch
u t, cc li ch kinh t - x hi, hin trng mi trng nn, cc tc ng tch cc v tiu cc
ca d n, cc bin php gim thiu km theo khung qun l mi trng x hi
- Cc tc ng tiu cc v tch cc c phn loi v phn tch c th trong bo co, c
bit bo co ch trng lit k, phn tch v nh gi cc tc ng theo tng loi cng trnh
u t v theo tng giai on
- Tuy nhin phn hin trng mi trng nn kh di, nn rt gn li.
- C s quan tm ng mc n cc nhm dn tc thiu s
Chi cc Bo v mi trng:
- Ngoi xy dng k, nn xy dng nh cng ng (trnh bo), trng rng ngp mn bo v
cc khu vc xi l (kh khn hn nhng gi tr rt ln)
- Cn c bit quan tm n s lng nhng ngi b tc ng, tc ng ca d n n mi
trng nh th no? Do cn chnh sch n b, gio dc tuyn truyn tha ng.
Tnh Ngh An
- Hai bo co c cu trc hp l v y cc mc theo quy nh v yu cu ca WB. Bo co
REA nu y , r rng v hp l v cc tc ng tiu cc v mi trng ca d n trong
giai on gii phng mt bng, xy dng v giai on vn hnh. Bo co cng a ra cc
bin php gim thiu tc ng tiu cc, chng trnh qun l mi trng, o to nng cao
nng lc mt cch hp l
- Gp : i vi Ngh An, cc tiu d n ch yu l nng cp cc cng trnh hin c nn cc tc
ng tiu cc khng nhiu v ln nh trong bo co REA a ra (v d nh cc tc ng lm
ngp lt thm vt khi tch nc h cha, thay i ch dng chy i vi tiu d n nng
cp h cha hay tc ng mt an ton giao thng, gy khi, bi trong qu trnh vn hnh
ng cu h cu nn )
- Kin ngh: d n sm c trin khai, trnh chm tr, c s quan tm ng mc n cc nhm
dn tc thiu s
Chi cc Bo v mi trng:
- Khi thc hin d n phi c bo co TM ring i vi tng hp phn
- D n WB5 c nhiu tc ng tch cc, mt tiu cc ch xy ra trong 1 s giai on, c bit l
cng tc gii phng mt bng. Trong giai on thi cng cn lu trong khu vn chuyn vt
liu thi cng (n, bi). Ma ma vic thi m ri vi s nh hng n ngun nc, do
cn qun l cht thi nguy hi (du, m)
H Tnh
- ng vi ni dung ca hai bo co
- Phn hin trng mi trng nn cn di, mt s ngun trch dn cha r rng
- Cn c cch vit lm ni bt hn na tc ng tch cc ca d n
- Thc hin nghim tc vic gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc nh a ra trong cc bo co
nh gi tc ng mi trng hoc cam kt bo v mi trng
nh gi mi trng
151
X Cm Phc
- Cn quan tm hn n vn s dng ng giao thng trong qu trnh vn chuyn vt liu,
c kh nng gy st ln trn cc tuyn ng
- H thng hin ti ang xung cp, vn thy triu, ngn mn ang rt cn quan tm
Ban Qun l tiu d n K G:
- Bo co khng ng vi hng mc cho nh qun l
- Mc 5.4.3 cn sa i cc mc nh ng b trong bo co (cc tc ng tch cc, tiu cc
trong cc giai on)
- Cn tng cng an ton thi cng (n bo, bng bo nguy him)
- n v thi cng c trch nhim i vi s nh hng n cng trnh khc.
Qung Bnh
- C bn nht tr vi ni dung hai bo co
- Cn lm r hn vai tr ca S TN&MT cc tnh v phng TN&MT cc huyn trong qu trnh
thc hin d n
- ngh c nhng chng trnh tp hun nng cao kin thc cho cc cn b d n lm nhim
v qun l mi trng v cc chnh sch an ton ca WB
- ngh thc hin nghim cng tc gim st mi trng v ch bo co.
- Chnh sa mc 4.7.2. trong bo co REA, b sung lu vc sng Nht L
Qung Tr:
BQL TDA Chng l cho vng trng Hi Lng Qung Tr
- Chng REA:
+ Trang 38: sng Sa Lung xy k
+ Cch tip cn lu vc theo sng ln v sng nh (nu c tnh cp thit, nht l vi lu vc
sng nh)
+ Trang 70: nh gi i vi lu vc sng nh cn s si
+ Trang 133: giao cho n v qun l (giai on vn hnh); ch d n, n v qun l vn hnh,
n v t vn gim st mi trng
- Trang 102 : tc ng tch cc ca nhm d n xy dng, nng cp k (chng xi l, mt
t, phng chng lt bo), nng cp h cha : tng an ton, gim chi ph duy tu, bo dng
X Triu Thng, huyn Triu Phong :
- B sung :
+ Khong 1000 h c hng li t d n
+ Cc bin php x l dch bnh khi thc hin thi cng, quan tm n vn an ninh trt t do
mu thun xy ra gia cng nhn v ngi dn a phng
- Cn t vn cng ng cc cng trnh pht huy tc dng
- m bo an ton giao thng, mi trng khi thc hin d n, m bo cng tc mi trng
trong khu vc xy dng cho cng nhn
nh gi mi trng
152
- Tuyn ng thi cng t cu Nht L c ti trong gii hn khng cao, cn chn tuyn ng
hp l
- Cn nh gi nh hng ca my lm (ting n. ngun nc), nh hng ca kh ga, vn
hn x.
Nng
- Nn c cc chnh sch x pht hoc thm ch n phng chm dt hp ng vi ch thu
nu khng thc hin theo ng cam kt.
- ngh sm trin khai d n v trong qu trnh thc hin d n trnh chm tr, ko di d n
lm nh hng n cuc sng ca nhn dn v lm mt lng tin ca h.
Huyn Ha Vang
- ngh chn thi im thi cng thch hp khng nh hng n sinh hot v sn xut ca
ngi dn
- n v thi cng phi nng lc, thi cng m bo cht lng v tin , hon thnh xong
trc ma l
Qung Nam
Chi cc Bo v Mi trng :
- Cn ch n vn dioxin
- Nghi ngi v vn khai thc t i cho xy dng cng trnh
- ngh hn ch n mc thp nht vic ly t nng, lm nghip. m bo khng xy ra vn
nhim nc, lm sch lng h trc khi tch nc.
Qung Ngi
X Ngha Hip, huyn T Ngha
- ng vn chuyn vt liu s dng ng lin x, cn khng ch ti trng theo ng ti trng
thit k ca ng, mt giao thng khng qu ln, t phng tin ln
Chi cc Bo v Mi trng
- Cn ch hn n nhng vn mi trng c th nh sau :
+ Cht no vt i u, thi im no vt th no?
+ nh hng n thy sinh nh th no? Nu cn thit phi c iu tra k cng, i thoi vi
ngi dn.
+ Xem xt phng n xy dng chn ct, trnh nh hng n an ton tu ra vo.
+ Nghin cu vn nc bin dng do bo, triu cng, bin i kh hu
- Qu trnh hot ng cn thnh lp t gim st cng ng, cn thit kho st an ton tu b ra
vo vi cc cp sng, xut phng n hng dn tu ra vo
- Cn ch n qun l khu hu cn ngh c, tuyn truyn hng dn nng cao nhn thc, nng
lc cng ng, quan tm n ci thiu cnh quan khu vc. Cn quan tm n m hnh qun l,
kinh ph hot ng qun l cng

nh gi mi trng
153
6.7. Bin bn tham vn cng ng
Bng 6.2: Bng thng k cc cuc hp tham vn (c bin bn km theo)
STT Tnh
Tng
cng
Tham vn
ln 1
Tham vn
ln 2
I Tnh Thanh Ha 11 8 3
1 UBND huyn Yn nh 1 1
2 Chi cc thy li 1 1
3 UBND X Phng Nghi , Huyn nh Thanh 1 1
4 UBND X Xun Du, huyn Nh Thanh 1 1
5 Chi cc bo v mi trng 2 1 1
6 Chi cc iu 1 1
7 S NN&PTNT 2 1 1
8 Ban Qun l d n 1 1
9 UBND X Yn Lc, huyn Yn nh 1 1
II Tnh Ngh An 7 3 4
1 S NN&PTNT 2 1 1
2 X Thanh Lng, huyn Thanh Chng 2 1 1
3 Huyn Thanh Chng 1 0 1
5 Chi cc iu v phng chng lt bo 1 1
III Tnh H Tnh 7 3 4
1 S NN&PTNT 2 1 1
2 UBND X Cm Phc , huyn Cm Xuyn. 1 0 1
3 Huyn Cm Xuyn 1 0 1
4 UBND X Thch Kim , Huyn Lc H 1 1
5 Chi cc iu v phng chng lt bo 0 0 0
7 Chi cc thy li 1 1
IV Tnh Qung Bnh 8 4 4
1 S NN&PTNT 2 1 1
3 Ban qun l d n 2 0 1
4 UBND Phng Bc Ngha, TP ng Hi 1 1
5 UBND Phng Ngha Ninh, TP ng Hi 1 1
6 Chi cc thy li v FSPC 0
7 UBND X Bo Ninh, TP ng Hi 1 1
V Tnh Qung Tr 7 4 3
1 UBND X Triu Thng, huyn Triu Phong 2 1 1
2 CFSPC&SR 1 1
nh gi mi trng
154
3 S NN&PTNT 2 1 1
VI Da Nang city 7 4 3
1 Phng qun l u t 2 1 1
2 Huyn Ha Vang, cc x thuc huyn 3 2 1
VII Qung Nam 9 4 5
2 SARD in huyn Duy Xuyn 2 1 1
3 UBND X Duy Thu, huyn Duy Xuyn 2 1 1
VIII Tnh Qung Ngi 6 3 3
1 UBND X c Thun, huyn M c 1 1
2 UBND X Ngha Hip, huyn T Ngha 1 0 1
4 S NN&PTNT 2 1 1
5 UBND Huyn M c 1 1
IX Tnh Bnh nh 7 5 2
1 Ban Qun l d n Thy li 2 1 1
2 UBND X Phc ngha, huyn Tuy Phc 1 1
3 Phng NN huyn Tuy Phc 1 1
4 X Phc Lc, huyn Tuy Phc 1 1
X Tnh Ninh Thun 8 3 5
2 Chi cc thy li 2 1 1
5 UBND Phng Ph H 1 1
6 UBND Phng Phc M 1 1
Tng cng 77 41 36
-

104

PH LC 7
NH THC A V THAM VN CNG NG

105

Nng cp tuyn Cu Chy, Thanh Ha v khng cao trnh chng l, mt ct nh

xut cng ha mt lm ng cu h, cu nn, v l ni s tn khi ngp lt cc khu vc ln cn

ng cu h, cu nn cn nng cp

106

Khu vc dn c bo v bi t sng Cu Chy

Lng sng Cu Chy

Tuyn p di > 700 m, h ng B, Thanh Ha

107

Mi h lu p cn gia c

Dn c sng h lu p

Tham vn cng ng ti UBND x Xun Du, huyn Nh Thanh, Thanh Ha

108

Tham vn cng ng ti BQL d n S NN& PTNT tnh Ngh An

Lm vic, tham vn cng ng vi S NN&PTNT tnh H Tnh

Phc Long Nhng - H Tnh cn nng cp

109

Khu vc neo u tu thuyn cng Nht L, ng Hi, Qung Bnh

Lm vic, tham vn cng ng vi S NN&PTNT tnh Qung Tr

Tham vn cng ng ti UBND x Triu Thng, Qung Tr.

110

Du nc ngp vo ma l ti vn phng UBND x Triu Thng, Qung Tr

Lm vic ti phng qun l u t TP Nng

111

Thc a khu vc h cha Trc ng, Thnh ph Nng

Thc a p dng An Trch

Ca M b bi lp

112

chn ct ( bc), Ca bin M , xy dng giai on 1

K t sng V - on Ha M (1400 m), Hnh Phc, Ngha Hnh, Qung Ngi

K hu sng V - on Thn 2 (1300 m), c Nhun, M c, Qung Ngi

113

K t sng V - on TT Sng V (800 m), TT. Sng V, T Ngha, Qung Ngi

Tham vn cng ng ti huyn T Ngha, Qung Ngi

p ngn mn c Li c chc nng ng cu h cu nn v thot l (nhn t thng lu)

114

p c Li

ng cu h cn nng cp ni qua p c Li

Tham vn cng ng ti UBND x c Nhun, huyn M c

115

Lm vic ti s NN&PTNT tnh Qung Ngi

Tham vn cng ng ti UBND huyn Tuy Phc, Bnh nh

Mt on pha thng lu cu B Di (QL1A c) xy dng

116

on chuyn gia ang kho st im st l h lu cu B Di QL1A c

Khu vc h lu cu B Di (QL1A) c cn xy dng k tip theo tuyn thng lu

Khu vc nh dn cn bo v chng st l b sng Kone h lu cu B Di

117

X l tm thi im xi l h lu cu B Di

Ct mc cnh bo l trn ng ngh c lm cu qua trn (cu qua trn 15)

Thc a cng cn b BQLDA, cc b huyn v x thuc huyn Tuy Phc

118

V tr xy dng cu vt l (thn Hunh Mai, x Phc Ngha, huyn Tuy Phc)

Khu vc dn c cn bo v b sng Dinh, Phan Rang, Ninh Thun

Khu dn c s c bo v khi nn thng tuyn sng Dinh

119

Tham vn cng ng cc cp x, phng, huyn,v TP Phan Rang ti Ban QLDA, S NN&PTNT
tnh Ninh Thun

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