Phan Chu Trinh sinh nm 1872, ngi Qung Nam

Phan Bi Chu sinh nm 1867, tnh Ngh An, tn tht l Phan Vn. ng l mt danh s v l
nh cch mng Vit Nam, hot ng trong thi k Php thuc.

S tht bi ca ng Du l do ngay t u Phan Bi Chu sai lm vng li, m
ng nh nhn xt ca Bc H l: C Phan mun da vo Nht nh ui Php, nh
thkhc g tin h ca trc, rc beo ca sau. V thc tl ch sau mt thi gian ngn,
khi thc dn Php nh hi thy v nhn ra tnh cht nguy him ca phong tro ny
ngay lp tc m phn vi Nht chnh ph Nht trc xut cc sinh vin VN vnc.
Tt nhin l Nht c ng phi nhn li c quyn li t Php, bi ch c nc quc
no li i lm t thin c.

Tc gi a ra khi nim cch mnh: Cch mnh l ph ci c i ra ci mi, ph
ci xu i ra ci tt.
T , tc gi xc nh cc loi cch mng:
- T bn cch mnh nh cch mnh Php nm 1789, M cch mnh c lp nm
1776; Nht cch mnh nm 1864.
- Dn tc cch mnh nh: Italia ui cng quyn o nm 1859; Tu ui Mn
Thanh 1911.
- Giai cp cch mnh nh cng nng Nga ui t bn v ginh ly chnh quyn 1917.
Tc gi gii thch nguyn nhn sinh ra cc loi cch mnh y. T phn tch mu
thun dn tc, mu thun giai cp, tc gi xc nh tnh cht cch mnh. Dn tc cch
mnh l dn tc n l ng tm hip lc nh ui ti p bc mnh i ginh c
lp t do. Giai cp cch mnh l giai cp b p bc cch mnh p giai cp i p
bc mnh.
V dn tc cch mnh v giai cp cch mnh, tc gi u ly v d Vit Nam. Khi kt
lun, tc gi cng ni n s cn thit phi tin hnh dn tc cch mnh v giai cp
cch mnh Vit Nam. Cch mnh Vit Nam phi tin hnh gii phng dn tc
tin ln gii phng giai cp. Vit Nam phi lm c dn tc cch mnh v giai cp cch
mnh.
Tc gi phn tch k Cch mng t sn Php 1789, Cch mng t sn M 1776, Cch
mng Thng Mi Nga 1917 v ch ra kinh nghim lch s ca cc cuc cch mng
ny: Cch mnh Php cng nh cch mnh M, ngha l cch mnh t bn, cch
mnh khng n ni, ting l cng ha v dn ch k thc trong th n tc lc cng
nng, ngoi th n p bc thuc a. Cch mnh 4 ln ri, m nay cng nng Php
hng cn mu cch mnh ln na mi hng thot khi vng p bc. Cch mnh An
Nam nn nh nhng iu y. Trong th gii by gi ch c cch mnh Nga l
thnh cng, v thnh cng n ni, ngha l dn chng c hng ci hnh phc, t
do, bnh ng tht. T lch s v thc tin, tc gi nh hng cho cc mng Vit
Nam l i theo con ng Cch mng thng Mi Nga theo ch ngha M Khc T
v Lnin.
Tc gi cng xc nh r bn v th ca cch mnh Vit Nam. quc Php ch
p ln nn c lp ca dn tc, t ch p bc bc lt i vi nhn dn ta. Do ,
quc Php va l k th ca dn tc v cng l k th ca giai cp. Tc gi phn bit
rch ri gia quc Php v nhn dn Php trc ht l cng nng Php. T ,
nu mi quan h mt thit gia cch mng gii phng dn tc Vit Nam vi giai cp
cch mnh Php ni ring v mi quan h gia cch mng gii phng dn tc vi
cch mng v sn chnh quc ni chung.
Cn giai cp phong kin a ch, tc gi c phn loi: in ch nh l bu bn cch
mnh cng nng, nhng i a ch th ch c cho h vo hi ca dn cy. Vic xc
nh ng, chnh xc k th c bn l ch ngha quc Php c ngha to ln trong
vic xy dng chin lc v sch lc cch mng, trong vic tp hp lc lng, phn
ha, c lp cao k th, nhm tng sc mnh cho cch mng. y l tm t duy ca
thin ti rt bin chng, cch mng v khoa hc vt ln tm t duy ng thi ca
nhiu ngi cho rng, a ch tt nhin s l k th ca cch mng, l i tng
ng v pha quc.
c)V lc lng cch mng, lnh t Nguyn i Quc cng ch r: Cng nng l
ngi ch cch mnh l v cng nng b p bc nng hn, l v cng nng l ng
nht cho nn sc mnh hn ht, l v cng nng l tay khng chn ri, nu thua th
ch mt mt ci kip kh, nu c th c c th gii, cho nn h gan gc. Hc
tr, nh bun nh, in ch nh cng b t bn p bc, song khng cc kh bng
cng nng; 3 hng y ch l bu bn cch mnh ca cng nng thi.
Ngi cn c vo iu kin c th ca t nc, thi ca cc giai cp trong x
hi, i vi cch mng vn dng nguyn l ca ch ngha Mc - Lnin cho ph
hp, khng gio iu, my mc. V vy, lc lng cch mng va ng, va mnh,
nhng vn m bo vai tr lnh o ca giai cp cng nhn.