-

13
- .-. , . . .

-
2007
1

 66.048.05.004.6; 504.3.054; 517.929; 518.924; 519.24; 539.3; 539.213.3; 621.311;

621.311.1; 621.891; 621.315.1.001.63; 624.012.3; 629.113.004.5; 630.32;
658.012.011.56; 658.012.011.56; 666.97.033; 681.325; 681.325.5; 630.3:51.7; 697.1;
624.073422.11:624.042.62; 519.7; 519.3; 541.12.012.2:539.213

. . .

.................................................................................................................7

,
: . . . . .13 / . .,
2007. 208 .
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: ()
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2007

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..................................................................22

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. . , . . , . . .
...............33
. . .
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. . , . . .
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. . .

..................................................................62
3

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...............................79
. . .
....................................83
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...85
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.........................................................90
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. . , . . , . . , . . .

...105
. . , . . , . . .

.......................................................110
. . , . . , . . , . . .

....117
. . .

. . , . . , . . , . . .

-- ..........149
. . .
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. . , . . . ,
, ........166
. . , . . , . . .
.........................................................174
. . , . . , . . .
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. . .
................................................................................192
. . .
....................................................194
. . .
...............................................................197
. . , . , . . , . . .
.............203

(I - Pn HH)-1 .................................................................123
. . , . . .
.......................................................................................................................125
. . .

.........................................................................128
. . . ..............................................132
. . , . . , . . , . .
.....................137
. . , . . , . . , . . .

................................................................................143
4

 ,
. ., 2007

,
. ., 2007

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ACD FotoCanvas 2.0.
.
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9

- I0, ,
: Ir,
Ia It .

I0 = Ir + Ia + It .

(1)

(1) I0 ,
1 = Ir / I0 + Ia / I0 + It / I0

1 = r + a + t,

(2)

r ; a ;
t .
t d
. ,
, ,
, .
,
. 1.

. 1.

, 2, 3, 4, .
,
, .
. () , .
() . .
5,
.
t
( ) I0
It.

(3)
t = It I0 .
Ir ,
, . . t = f (d) .
, . 1 . 2.
, , .
, t
, ,
t = t1 t2 t3 t4 t5,

(4)

, ,
1 500 .
2200 , 6000 , .
, .

t1 .
2 . 2. ,
( 1)
( 2), , () , .
- .

10

11

1
1
ln = ln
+ md .
t
(1 - r)

(8)

( y = b + mx)
1
,
1- r
m .
. 3.

d, ln(1/t), ln

. 2. t = f (d) :
1 ; 2 ; 3

I t = I 0*e - md ,

(5)

I 0* , ; I t , d;
m ,

.
(5) I 0* , , I0 , . .
I t = ( I 0 - I r ) e - md .

(6)

(7),
12

1
ln , d = 0
t
1
1
ln = ln
,
t
(1 - r)

(6) I0,
I t I 0 = (1 - I r I 0 ) e - md t = (1 - r) e - md .

= f (d) : 1 ; 2 ;
t
3

. 3. ln

(7)

(9)

r.
0.06.
13


(10)
e =1- r
0.94, ,
.
(. . 3)

(11)
m = D ln (1 t) Dd,
( 1) 0.062 1/.
( )
.
(
2), ,
( 3 . 3). 2, 3 ,

, 2 r = 0.68,
3 r = 0.69,
.
, 68 %
6 % ,
.
,
,
,
,
e=

1
.
1 1
+ -1
e1 e 2

(12)

e1 = e 2 = 0.94 , e = 0.887 . ,

, e 2 = 1 - 0.69 = 0.31,
e = 0.304,
2.9 .
3 . ,
( , ,
. .), , ,
14

,
. ., 2007
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5 2007 .

630.32
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15

 (
)
.

. , , -.
U.
,
.
: N ; dJ ;
F(Z) ; U(Z) Z; ( ); r ; w .
:
dJ = -rF ( Z )

d 2U

dZ .

dt 2
w

Z U,
U + dU. ,
DL = U +

DL U
=
.
(4)
dZ Z
, , :
e=

U
.
(5)
Z
, ,

N = EF ( Z )e = EF ( Z )

1
U
Z = EF ( Z ) N ( Z ),

N = -w2r F ( Z )U ( Z ).
Z

(1)

(1)
dJ = w2r F ( Z )U ( Z )dZ .

(
),
N
dZ + dJ - N = 0.
(2)
Z
, (2) (1),
N+

N
dZ + w2r F ( Z ) U ( Z )dZ = 0 ,
Z
dZ

U
U
dZ - U =
dZ ,
Z
Z

(6)

U
2U
EF
(
Z
)
r
F
(
Z
)
= 0.
(7)
Z
Z
t 2
, . .
, ,
(8)
U ( Z , t ) = U ( Z ) cos w t ,
w .
(8) (7)
U ( Z ) + J( Z )U ( Z ) + K 2U ( Z ) = 0,

(9)

N
+ w2r F ( Z ) U ( Z ) = 0 .
(3)
Z
, ,
.

F (Z )
E
w
; J( Z ) =
;c=
.
.
F ( Z )
r
c
(9) ( )

16

17

K =

1
[A cos K ' Z + B sin K ' Z ] ,
(10)
r (Z )
r(Z) ;
, .
r(Z)
r ( Z ) = r0 exp(-bZ ),
U (Z ) =

r0 Z = 0; rk Z = l; l
;
Nd =

r0
1
; b = ln N d .
rk
l

K ' K ' = K 2 - b 2 .

, . . F = const, (10)
U ( Z ) = [ A cos KZ + B sin KZ ] ,
N ( Z ) = EFK (- A sin KZ + B cos KZ ) .
, Z = 0 U = U0,
N = N0,
[0, l].
:
N
U k = U 0 cos Kl + 0 sin Kl ,
EFk
(11)
1)
N k = - EFKN 0 sin Kl + N 0 cos Kl .
, (11)
:
VkVk = AV0 ,

(12)

Vk = (U k , N k ); V0 = (U 0 , N 0 ) -; (22)

cos Kl
( EFK ) -1 sin Kl
A =
,
cos Kl
- EFK sin Kl

.
18

,
,
. n ,
2 n. ,
N 0 ( z ) z =l = 0 N 0 ( z ) z =0 = 0 ( ),
, U 0- ( Z 0 ) = U 0+ ( Z 0 ) , . .
.
N 0- ( Z 0 ) = N 0+ ( Z 0 ) . n 2(n 1) 2 , . . 2 n ,
2 n
(13)
A(a lk )C = 0 ,
A(a lk ) 2 n2 n; a

(a = k ) ; C = (1 , 2 ,...n ) -
; 1 = ; 2 = B ( (10)).
(13)
:
(13)
det A(a lk ) = 0 .
a lk (13), , , a, k- lk (k n) , lk k- .
( ).

, , .
. , 19

, , . , , , ,
.
.
. , . :
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; (, , , . .).

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.
,
; ,
( ).
,
. ,

. .
, ,

.
, .
( ), .

20

21

y de

s = E e + 0 ,
2pw dt

(14)

s ;
e ; ( );
w ; y0 ,
y 0 = DW/W; W ;
DW .
(14)
y de

N ( Z ) = EF ( Z ) e + 0
,
2pw dt

(4)
U y 0 2U
.
N ( Z ) = EF ( Z )
+
(15)

Z
2
Z
t
pw

(3), (15)
w.
:
U ( Z , t ) = [U1 ( Z ) + jU 2 ( Z )] e jwt ;
N ( Z , t ) = [N1 ( Z ) + jN 2 ( Z )] e jwt ;

(16)

j ; U1, U2, N1, N2

.
(16) (3) (15) , ,

 ,
. ., 2007

1
dU1 y 0 dU 2
N1 =

,
EF ( Z )
dZ 2pw dZ
1
dU 2 y 0 dU1
N2 =
+

,
EF ( Z )
dZ 2pw dZ
dN1
= -w2rF ( Z )U1 ,
dZ
dN 2
= -w2rF ( Z )U 2 ,
dZ

-1

y
dU
1 = EF ( Z ) 1 + 0 N + y 0 N ,
4p 2 1 2pw 1
dZ

-1

y
dU
2 = EF ( Z ) 1 + 0 N - y 0 N ,
4p 2 2 2pw 1
dZ

dN1
2
dZ = -w r F ( Z )U1 ,

dN 2 = -w2r F ( Z )U .
2
dZ

, , . , .

. ,
.
-

[1]
d
(b1En1 ) = q( z ) - an1n2 - h1n1N 2 - h2 n1N 0 ;
dz
-

(17)

d
(b2 En2 ) = q( z ) - an1n2 - h1n2 N1 - h2 n2 N 0 ;
dz
h2 n1N 0 - h1n2 N1 = 0 ;
h2 n2 N 0 - h1n1N 2 = 0 ;

(1)

N1 + N 2 + N 0 = N = const ;

dE e
= (n1 - n2 + N1 - N 2 ) ,
dz e 0
n 1, 2 ;

4 2007 .

504.3.054
. . ()

b1, 2 ; ;
i ; q ;
a ; ;
z , ; N1 , N 2
, ; N 0

,
.

; h1, 2
; e0 .

22

23

 , , , . ,
.
, (1)
N1 N 2 :
N1 =
N2 =

Nh1h2 n12
h1h2 n12 + h22 n1n2 + h1h2 n22

(2)

(3)

Nh1h2 n22
h1h2 n12 + h22 n1n2 + h1h2 n22

(2), (3) (1) , y1 = En1,

y2 = En2 , y3 = E , :

h1 y12 y2 + h1 y1 y22
dy1 q( z ) a y1 y2 Nh22

=
dz
b1 b1 y3
b1 y3 h1h2 y12 + h22 y1 y2 + h1h2 y22 ;
q( z ) a y1 y2 Nh22

h1 y12 y2 + h1 y1 y22
dy2

=-
h h y 2 + h2 y y + h h y 2 ;
b2 b2 y3
dz
b
y
2 3 1 2 1
2 1 2
1 2 2

(4)

dy3 e y1 y2
Nh1h2 y12 - y22

= +
2
2
2
dz e 0 y3 y3 h1h2 y1 + h2 y1 y2 + h1h2 y2 .

y1 ( ) = y2 ( ), y3 ( ) =

B N + B N + 4aq( )
2q( )
2

1
2

y1 ( );

2h1h2
B=
; y (0) = 0.
(5)
(h2 + 2h1 ) 2
, ,
b
y1 ( ) = 1 y1 (0) .
b1 + b2
(6) (5)
24

(6)

1
2

BN + B N + 4aq( )
(7)
y1 (0) .
4q( )
,
(4) (5).
, , : h1 =
y3 ( ) =

= 1.410 12 3 1; h2 = 410 12 3 1; a = 1.610 12 3 1; b1 =

= 1.210 4 2 1 1; b2 = 1.410 4 2 1 1; e0 = 8.8510 12 1;
e = 1.610 19 .


[2].
[2, 3]. y1(0 ) ,
(5), (6), (7). H
10 3 10 4 .
, N 108 3
n 1, 2 E .
. N
5108109 3 ,
, . N ~ 10101011 3

. ,
.
,
(515)108 3
n 1, 2 E .

1. . . // . ( , ). .: , 1991. . 394408.
2. ., . . .: , 1984. 831 .
3. ., ., . . . .: , 1990. 512 .
3 2007 .
25

 ,
. ., 2007

s b = Eb n b e b
,
s s = Es n s e s

(1)

624.012.3

sb , s s ; Eb , Es

. . , . . , . . ()

; eb , e s ; n b , n s
.
,
.

, .

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k .

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-
.
, , . . , . . [2, 3].
, . - ,
, . . :
26

{F } = [R] {e},

(2)

{F } ; [R ]
,
; {e}
, (2).
27


:
ebn = e z - k x xbn - k y ybn ,

(3)

e sk = e z - k x xsk - k y ysk ,

e z z; k x , k y
x y; xbn , ybn
,

n ; xsk , ysk
(),
.
- .

( 0.001)

,
. ., 2007

, , , .
,

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1. . ., . . // . . 1980. 2.
. 1720.
2. . ., . . . // . 1987.
5. . 1618.
3. . ., . ., . . //
/ .: , 1987.
3 2007 .

( 0.03)

-
28

624.012.3
. . , . . , . . ()
-


.
29

 -
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[1] , , ,
.

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- () ,

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[2, 3].
(. 2): n Abn k Ask.

100, .
:
,
;

;
bn sk
Abn Ask;

:

30

31

. 1.

. 2.

N z R11R12 R13 e z

M x = R21R22 R 23 x k x ,
M R R R k
y 31 32 33 y

(1)

{F } = {R({F }, S )} {U ({F }, S )},

(2)

.
,
.

{F } = {N z , M x , M y } - ; {U ({F }, S )} =
T

} = {e z , k x , k y }

- ,

{F } S; {R({F }, S )}
.

DIASTEN ,
.

,
.

[3] , ,
( ). -
.

. [3] ,
, ,
.
, 32

,
. ., 2007

1. 52-102003.
/ . .: , 2004. 70 .
2. . ., . . / - . : ,
2003. 73 .
3. . ., . ., . .
// : : V - . , 2006.
4 2007 .

666.97.033
. . , . . , . . ()



; , , .

(. 1) 33

 ,

.

,
,
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. 1,
.
. 1, .

.
2, 1, 8 . , 1 3, 7 . 6

, 12,
11
, 7.

, , . , ,
.
.
34

. 1.

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ;
5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ;
9 ; 10 ; 11 12 ;
13

, . . 2
.
, 1,
2, 3
4 6
5.
, .
, ,
N 0 = N1 + N 2 + N 3 ,
35

 N1 , ;
N2 , ; N3 , .

P =

G (2m + df 2 K ) K

,
D
G , ; m (0.030.05);
d , ; K
(1.452.20); D , ;
f2 (0.0150.1); K
(3.04.0).
N3, , , :
N3 =

zkw 4
( r - r4 ) ,
4

jg
; j
2 g
,
; g , /3; g
, /2; r , r
.

,
(
) (
). ,
S. (), .
S . = f (U . ; u3 ; D ) ,

z ; k =

. 2.

, , . () ( h )
1
,
h
R , ; r , ; fp ;
DP , ; V V
, /; K ,
; K = 1.1.
, ,
N1 = 2.1 f p ( R + r ) 2 DP (V + V ) K

h1 ; P
.

U . ; u 3
; D .
,
(
), .

S = 0 .94 u R / u 3 .

36

37

N2 =

P v
,
h1

 ,
. ., 2007
S = 0.313 u R / u3 ,

0.313 k; u ; u
.
, :

S.
=

. , .
.
-
( ):
sx =

0.94u R + 0.313u R
,
u3

Ec
2

(1 - m )
t xy =

R ; R .

(e zx + me zy ) ;

Ec
g zxy ;
2(1 - m)

e zx = e x + zc1 ;

e zy = e y + zc 2 ;

Ec
g zxz ;
2(1 - m)

(1)

g zxy = g xy + 2 zc12 ;

(2)

g xy =

1 W
V
;
ey =
- k yW +
2 y
y

U V W W
+
+
y x x y

. . ()

, . . y
. z -

(1 - m )

(e zy + me zx ) ;

Ec
g zyz ,
2(1 - m)

U
1 W
ex =
- k xW +
;
x
2 x

539.3

3 2007 .

Ec

t xz =

t yz =

1. . . . .:
. 1979. 128 .
2. . . . : , 2006. 114 .

38

sy =

c12 =

c1 =

y x
;
x

c2 =

y y
y

(3)

y x y y
+
.
y
x

si
,
ei
ei .
si = f (ei ) ,
Ec =

si = ei ( E - mei2 )

si = E ei [1 - w (ei )],
39

(4)
(5)

 w(ei ) . . .

( ) + e zxe zy + ( )

2
ei =
3

2
e zx

( ) + g 2xz + g 2yz .

1
+ g zxy
4

2
e zy

ei2 , e i (6),
ei2 =

(6)

e i2 =

- me i2

s y = s y - s y ;

t xz =

t xz

t xy = t xy - txy ;

- txz ;

t yz

- tyz .

(7)

t yz =
(- )
s x =

E
1- m

t xy =

(e zx + me zy ) ;

E
2(1 + m)

s y =

g zxy ;

E
1- m

1- m

txy =

2 (1 + m )

g xz ;

(8)

mei2 (e zx + me zy ) ;
E
2(1 + m)

s y =

m ei2 g zxy ;
tyz =

(10)

E
1- m

txz =
E

2(1 + m)

2(1 + m)

m ei2 g xz ;

(9)

m ei2 g yz .

m
. (
E
105.)
m =

40

(11)

2 ;
b3 = c12 + c1c 2 + c 22 + c12

W
;
x

by = y y +

W
.
y

h
h
+ H ,
2
2
, ,
(7) z -

N x = N xy - N x ;

N y = N yy - N y ;

;
N xy = N xy
- N xy

M x = M xy - M x ;

M y = M yy - M y ;

;
M xy = M xy
- M xy

Q y = Q yy - Q y ,
Qx = Qxy - Qx ;
y

mei2 (e zy + me zx ) ;

1 2
g xy + b 2x + b 2y ;
4

b2 = 2e x c1 + e x c 2 + e y c1 + 2e y c 2 + g xy c12 ;

bx = y x +

g yz ,
2(1 + m)
( )

E

b1 = e 2x + e x e y + e 2y +

(e zy + me zx ) ;

t xz =

t yz =

sx =

4
b1 + b2 z + b3 z 2 ,
3

(1)
s x = s x - s x ;

. . [1] g xz = b x , g yz = b y ,

s(ei ) (4),

Ec = E

4
b1 + b2 z + b3 z 2 + b4 f 2 ( z ) .
3

N xy =
M xy =

E
1 - m2

[(h + F ) (e x + me y )+ S (c1 + mc2 )];

h
S (e x + me y ) + 12 + J (c1 + mc 2 ) ;

1- m

N yy =

Em
1 - m2

[I1 (e x + me y )+ I 2 (c1 + mc2 )];

41

Qxy

EF
W

=
k y x +
;
2(1 + m)
x
y
M xy
=

E
(h + F )g xy + 2S c12 ;
2(1 + m)

y
N xy
=

Q yy

(12)
Ik =

EF
W
;
=
k y y +
2(1 + m)
y

[ (

Em

N y

Em
1 - m2

1 - m2

N xy
=

M x
M y

=
=

2(1 - m )

Em
1 - m2
Em
1 - m2

M xy
=

Qx

(I 2 g xy + 2 I 3c12 );

E mk
W

=
I4 y x +
;
2(1 + m)
x

E mk
W
I 4 y y +
.
2(1 + m)
y
42

(14)

(15)

h
+H
2

h
+H
2

h
+H
2

h
+H
2

h
+H
2

h
2

h
2

h
2

h
2

4
2
3
dz ; S = zdz ; J = z dz ; K = z dz ; M = h z dz .

. . [1] I 4 I1,
Q x , Q y
(13)

2(1 - m 2 )

Q y =

F=

[I 2 (e x + me y )+ I3 (c1 + mc2 )];

Em

h
2

4
h3
I 2 = Sb1 + J + b2 + Kb3 ;
3
12

h5

4
h3
I 3 = J + b1 + Kb2 + + M b3 ,
3
12
80

(I1g xy + 2I 2c12 );

[I 2 (e y + me x )+ I3 (c2 + mc1 )];

[I1 (e x + me y )+ I 2 (c1 + mc2 )];

Em

h
2

2
ei f (z )dz.

4
h3
I1 = h + F b1 + Sb2 + J + b3 ;
3
12

[I1 (e y + me x )+ I 2 (c2 + mc1 )];

Em

I4 =

h
+H
2

I 2 e x + me y + I 3 (c1 + mc 2 ) ,
1 - m2

N x =

2 i -1
ei z dz ;

3

E
( h + F )Sg xy + 2 h + J c12 ;
2(1 + m)
12

M yy =

h
+H
2

Qx =

Em
W
Em
W

kI1 y y +
.
kI1 y x +
; Qy =
2(1 + m)
y
2(1 + m)
x

(16)

= - ,

=

1 ab

N x e x + N y e y + N xy g xy + M x c1 + M x c 2 +
2 00

W
W

+ 2M x c12 + Qx y x +
dxdy,
+ Q y y y +
x
y

43

(17)

 ,
. ., 2007

=

1 ab

N x e x + N y e y + N xy g xy + M x c1 + M x c 2 +
2 00
W

+ 2 M x c12 + Qx y x +
+
x

W
- 2qW dxdy .
+ Q y y y +
y

.
(
), - ()
.

, , ().

(18)

,
- .

1. . . . .:
, 1972. 432 .
2. . . , , /
. ., 2006. 330 .
1 2007 .

593.3
. . ()

() h . ,
, z .

H ( x, y ) =

, .
, , 44

n m

h j d( x - x j ) + h i d( y - yi ) - h ij d( x - x j ) d( y - yi ) .
j =1

i =1

i =1 j =1

h j , r j , m - , ,
; h i , ri , n - , ;
-

d( x - x j ) - ,

rj

a j x b j ; a j = x j -

; bj = xj +
45

rj

2

; d( y - y ) - ,
i

sx =

ri
ri

ci y d i ; ci = yi - ; d i = yi +
2
2

; hij = {hi , h j } .
, h + H.

:
;
;
.
, , (
) (
) :
V
U V
U
- k yW ; g xy =
+
- k xW ; e y =
.
(1)
y
y x
x
, z ,

ex =

z
z
e zx = e x + zc1 ; e y = e y + zc 2 ; g xy = g xy + 2 zc12 ,
2

2W

(2)

W
.
2
xy
y
x
( )
:
c1 = -

sx =

E
1- m

; c2 = -

(e zx
2

+ me zy );

; c12 = -

sy =

E
1- m

(e zy
2

+ me zx );

t xy

E
=
g zxy ,
2(1 + m )

(3)

E , m - .
(), , ( , )
46

E
(
(
e z + me zy )e z + me zy ) R1 (t , t ) dt ;
2 x
2 x
1- m
1- m
t

t1

E
E t z
z
z
sy =
e + me x e + me zx R1(t , t) dt ;
2 y
2 y
1- m
1 - m t1

t xy =

(4)

t
E
E
g zxy g zxy R2 (t , t) dt .

2(1 + m )
2(1 + m ) t
1

R1 (t , t), R2 (t , t) - ( )
() .

.


- .
u ( x, y, t ), v ( x, y, t ), w ( x, y, t ) , ,
,

2 1- m

h + F (e x + 2 me x e y + e y + m1g xy ) + 2 S (e x c1 + me x c 2 +

ab

E
2

)0 0

h3 - 2
2
)+ J )(c1 + 2 mc1c 2 + c 22 + 4m1c12
12
ab t

q
E
(
)(e 2x + 2 me x e y + e 2y ) +
- 2(1 - m 2 ) W }dx dy h
+
F

E
2(1 - m 2 ) 0 0 t1

+ e y c 2 + me y c1 + 2 m1g xy c12 ) + (

+ 2 S (e x c1 + me x c 2 + e y c 2 + me y c1 ) +
+(

h3 - 2
+ J ) (c1 + 2mc1c 2 + c 22 )] R1 (t , t) + (h + F )mg 2xy + 2 S 2 m1g xy c12 +
12

h3 -
2
+ + J 4 m1c 12
R2 (t , t)}dt.
12

47

(5)

- -

F , S , J -
, ,
, .
, ,
-
.
, x y (3) :
sx =

E1
(e zy + m 2e zx ) ;
(1 - m1 )(1 - m 2 )

E2
(e zy + m1e zx ) ;
sy =
(1 - m1 )(1 - m 2 )

t
E2
z
z
e y + m1e x R1 (t , t ) dt;
(1 - m1 )(1 - m 2 ) t

(7)

t xy = G12 g zxy R2 (t , t) dt.

t1

E1, E2 , m1 , m 2 , G12
x y , .
48

-h

(s x e zx + s y e zy + t xy g zxy - 2 qw) dx, dy, dz.

(8)

1. . . , , / . ., 2006. 330 .

. . , . . ( )

E2
e zy + m1e zx (1 - m1 )(1 - m 2 )

t
E1
z
z
e x + m 2e y R1 (t , t) dt;
(1 - m1 )(1 - m 2 ) t

sy =

h +H
4

519.24

E1
e zx + m 2 e zy (1 - m1 )(1 - m 2 )

1 b
=
2 00

(6)

20 2007 .

t xy = G12 g zxy .

sx =

,
. ., 2007

1. .
[13], t t
x , x . , [3, 4].
F L2 ( , m ) G L2 (t, v )
; dim F = s ; dim G = v ; R ; t ; m ; v t . H = F G , h( x, t ) , h(, t ) F v
49

. . h( x,) G m . .,

h1 , h2 = h1 ( x, t ) h2 ( x, t )dn(t ) dm( x ).

t
h( x, t ) H , x , t t .
U
Qz
U = U e = {Qz : z }, Qz : H G ,

(1)

(Qz h ) (t ) = hz (x )h( x, t ) m(dx ) = h( z, t ), "h H , t t ,

hz ( x ) F ,

hz ( x ) = f l ( z ) f l ( x ).
l =1

(2)

{ } m- F .
x U e (1) :
f l lm=1

H d = d + H 0 ; d H 0^ ; H 0
H ; H 0^
2
H H 0 ; S d = d + S 0 ; S 0 : L (U e x ) H 0

(3)

, L2 (U e , x ) G -

x h H

(U e , x ) .
)
h h H d :
)
(7)
E h = Pd h, " h H ,

x = Qz1 , K , Qzn ; p1, K , pn , Qz j U e , Qz j : H G ,

p j > 0, j 1 : n;

s(ju , w )

(
)
e
=
D j
, j 1 : n.
pj

u , w=1
h h z < h, z > z h ,
h , z Z .
, ,
(5)
ard(supp x ) = n < s = dim F ,
h H (4)
)
(3) . h
h H

H d H
S d : L2 (U e , x ) H d :
)
(6)
h = Sd y ,

p j = 1,
j =1

{ }

pj n
j =1

( )

y j (t , w) = Qz j h (t ) + e j (t , w) = h z j , t + e j (t , w), j 1 : n ,

(4)

Qz j supp x, t t , y j (t , w) e j (t , w) ;
w ,
E e j (t , w) = 0, E e j (t , w) ei (t , w) = 0 " j i, t t ,

D[e j ] = E e j e j :G G, j 1 : n

D(e j ) n -

{gu (t )}uv =1 G :
50

Pd : H H d .
(7) P
p = (d , H 0 , S 0 , x )

Bg (p) = H dist 2 (h, H d ) d g (h ) ,

(8)

g H , , )
F( D[h])
)
)
D[h] h (6).
, (8):
51

pP

p = Arg

inf

(9)

Bg (p),

p* = Arg inf

p *AH

( p) ,

(10)

P * P (9).
2. . [5] [6].
1. (9) (4) h
px = (d x , H x , Sx , x ) ; x X n = {x X : supp x U e , card(supp x ) = n} .
d x H x^ 2
S dx = d x + S x : L (U e , x ) H dx = d x + H x

d x = Px^ ( E g ),

(11)

H x = Span hz j ( x )g (t ), g G, Qz j supp x U e , j 1 : n .

(12)

[e],

(13)

J x I x : H L2 (U e , x ) H x ; I x
I x h = Qh ; h H ;

Q supp x ; M x = J x* D -1[e] J x : H x H x
)
h( x, t ) .
)
- h( x, t ) "x C "t t

{ }

x, Qz j

52

n
j ,i =1

(14)

ji

; yi (t , w)

i- .
x (11)(13) (9) ,
[5],
Y (x ) := tr Px D[g ] Px* ,
D[g ] : H H g ,
D[g ] := ((h - E g ) (h - E g )) g(dh ) .
H

2. x* X n ,
(nv )
(5) H x* = H
H , D[g ], nv

Sx : L2 (U e , x ) H x
Sx =

j ,i =1

, px* (9).

Px^ : H H x^ .

M x-1 J x* D -1

= hz j ( zi )

[ -1 ] {yi (t , w) - ( Eg ) ( zi , t )}hz j ( x ),
n

)
h( x, t ) = ( Eg )( x, t ) +

n
j =1

Bg p * = l i , l1 K l nv K l m 0
x i = n v +1
D[g ] .

. z1* , K, zn* x* X n
(5)

( ( ))
( )

det y z * , t n 0, "t t ,

i j
i , j =1

*
y i z j , t = 0, i = n v + 1,K, m; j = 1,K, n, "t t ,

(15)

y i ( x, t ) , i = 1, K , m
D[g ], .
px* (9).

x = (Qz1 , K , Qz2 ; p1, K , pn )

(9) ,
53

 {p j } nj=1 x( p ) (10)

p* = Arg inf F [Dx( p ) ] ,

(16)

pP

P : = p = ( p1 ,K, pn ) : 0 < p j 1, j = 1, 2,K, n;

pj
j =1

j j (x ) =

~
A j = f1 , hz+j

= 1;

~
I v ,K, f n , hz+j

p*j = 1 n,

p*j

D( p ) Dx( p ) :

D( p ) = A 1 2 -1 1 2 AT ,
F

~
I v ,K, f j , hz+n

= diag(1,K,n ), j = (s j

Iv

n
j =1 ;

) u,w=1 ; { }

(u , w ) v

hz+j

R = diag( p1I v , K , pn I v ) ;
n
j =1

{h }
zj

n
j =1 ,

(17)

I v (v n ) -.
3. , , (16).

( )

F *
x ,
D
54

12
(
tr (ATj LA j j ))
,
= n
12
T
(tr (Ar LAr r ))

(20)

j = 1, 2, K, n ,

. H = F G , F = Span 1, x, x 2 , F L2 ( X , m ) ,
1
x X = [- 1,1], m(dx ) = dx , G = Span { t}, t t = [ 0,1]; U = U e ; dim F =
2
n = 2 < s = 3;
= s = 3;
dim G = v = 1 ,
dim H = m = sv = 3 ;
1 1 1
g = t , xt , x 2t; , , ; = diag (0. 1; 0.5) ; F[D( p )] = trD( p ) -3 3 3

.
(9), (10)
H
jT ( x, t ) = (j1 ( x, t ), j 2 ( x, t ), j3 ( x, t )) =

(18)

D( g ) =

(H ( h - Eg, ji

h - Eg, j j
55

))

3 t , 3 x t , ( 15 2) 3 x 2 - 1 t .

D[g ] :

p1* , K, pn* (16)

( )

(19)

j = 1,K, n .

= dij , i, j = 1, 2, K , n ;

j j x* = tr D

j = 1, 2, K, n ;

r =1

hzi , hz+j

I v T , j 1 : n ;

= det D( p )) ( F[D( p )] = tr LD( p ) ,

L )
,

Fx = Span hz j ( x ), j 1: n , G .

~
A = f j , hz+1

D - (F[D( p )] =

{~fl ( x )} ln=1 {g~u (t )} vu =1

F F
F
:=
;
(x ) A j j ) , j = 1, 2,K, n ;
D Dil i,l =1
D

x* = Qz1, K, Qzn , p1* ,K, pn* .

F [ Dx( p ) ]
)
Dx( p ) = M x-(1p ) h ( x, t ) .
~
H x f l ( x )g~u (t ) ln=,v1, u =1 ,

nv

p -j 2 tr ( AgT

) im, j==31 g(dh)),

1
t + xt + x 2t .
3

Eg =

, hz* ( x ), hz*
1

14

3
1 4
D( g ) =
81
3
2
3 5

4
3

2
2
15

3 5
2 .
15
8

15

(20),

(tr )

5 3 2
3x - 1 t =
2

Qz *
j

[ ] rj hz ,

hz+j = H -1

6 + 1) * ( 6 - 1)
z2 =

5
5

r =1

j 1 : n .

h + ( x ) = 0.603 x 2 - 0.778 x + 0.175, hz+1 = 0.613;

A -

z1

p1*

(2)

p2*

h + ( x ) = -1 / 436 x 2 + 0.445 x + 0.991, hz+2 = 0,715 .

z2

(20).

f1 ( x ) = 1 ,

f2 (x) = 3 x ,

0.1 0,613
= 0.277; p2* = 1 - p1* = 0.723.
( 0.1 0.613 + 0.5 0.715)

p1* =

5
f3 ( x ) =
3 x 2 - 1
2

hz ( x ) =

j = 1,K, n ,

{ } nj=1 (17)
n
{ hz j } j =1

+
hz j

j F

r =1

5 x 2 + 2 x - 1.

hz+

(tr r ) 1 2 hz+r

= 3 3 t 5 x 2 + 2 x - 1 . (15) ,

(
supp x* , j = 1, 2 , z * = -

12

p*j = n

y 3 ( x, t ) = jT ( x, t ) q3 = 3t + 3 3x t +

= 0 , m --

q3 = (1, 3, 5 ) T

Fx :
~
~
hz* ( x ) = 0,985 x 2 - 1,270 x + 0,285 ; hz* ( x ) = -2,007 x 2 + 0,623 x + 1,385 .

l 3 = 0 D[g ]

3
3 + 4 xz + 15 x 2 z 2 - 5 x 2 - 5 z 2 ,
4

Hd

z2

56

= d x* + H x* =

] [

1 2
5 x + 2 x - 1 t + Span
6

{ [ (3

6 - 2 )x 2 - 2(1 + 6 )x +

]}

+ 4 - 6 t , - (3 6 - 2 ) x 2 - 2(1 - 6 ) x + 4 + 6 t

h * ( x ) = 1,605 x 2 - 2,070 x + 0,465 ; h * ( x ) = -2,804 x 2 + 0,870 x + 1,935 .

z1

x*

(. (11) (12)) .

)
h( x, t ) (14) 57

1
1
)
h( x, t ) = 5 x 2 + 2 x - 1 t +
6
12

[ 6 (5 x 2 - 3 x - 2) ( y1(t , w) - y2 (t , w)) -

,
. ., 2007

- 5 x 2 + 2 x - 7 ( y1 (t , w) + y2 (t , w)) .

,
(9)(10)
.
.

1. . ., . ., . .
, // . . . / . ., 1977. . 3038.
2. . ., . . // , : . . . . / . ., 2002. . 8. . 205211.
3. . ., . .
// , : . . . . /
. ., 2002. . 12. . 212218.
4. . ., . ., . .

// III . .
/ . ., 1988. . 1. . 175176.
5. . ., . . // . 1987. . 32. 4. . 804808.
6. . . //. . . .. . .: , 1988. 16 .
15 2007 .

58

681.325.5
. . , . . ()



- ,
.

, , ,
, . .
,
, , . - , , - .

, . , ,
,
, , ,
, .
().
59

 . , . , , .
, , .
, - ,
. , , , ,
, .
[1, 2],
, ,

. .
.
(, , ) , .
, ,
, ,
,
, , ,
.
. .
, , , . ,
, ,
. ,
, , . , .

(, ,

, . .). , , , , , .
.
, , (). , . , . . , , ,
.

, . . , -. , , , .
( ) , ( ).
, .
, . , ,
,
,
, .
, . ,
, . . .

, . . , . , , , . .

60

61

 ,
. ., 2007
,

.

.
, , Lisp, Multilisp, Commonlisp,
Planner, .

, ,
,
. :
U& [1...3000,1...nom] , U& [1...3000,1..nom] , U& [1...3000,1...nom]
I& [1...3000,1...nom] , I& [1...3000,1...nom] , I& [1...3000,1...nom] .

. ,
, .

.

.
U& [1...3000,1...nom] I& [1...3000,1...nom]
i- , 1 3000,
1 nom, nom ( ). , 3000, , ( , ).
:

;
, ;

.
, , , ,
. ,
i- (i + 1)-
,
.

62

63

1. Bobrow G. D / Natural language input for a computer problem solving
system // Semantic information processing / Cambridge (Mass.): MIT press,
2002.
2. Fedra K. Interactive computer technology for planning and policy
modelling // Water Resour. Res., 2004.
3 2007 .

621.311
. . ()




.

 ,
RANDOM. ,
,
, RANDOM
.

, .
1 3000. = 1
, , 3000 (
). , , , , 1001500. ,
, , , .
, ,
.
, ,
, .
, ,
, ,
. , 3000 .
:
U&
, U&
, U&

(1)

(1)

Y(1) [1...3000] , Y(1) [1...3000]

;

Y [1...3000,1...nom] , Y
[1...3000,1...nom] , Y [1...3000,1... nom]

-
; J& [1...3000, 2...nom] , J& [1...3000, 2...nom] ,

J& [1...3000, 2...nom]

,
( = 2nom), .
.
.

U& c(1) = U c ;
1 U& (1) = U c cos(-120) + - 1 U c sin( -120) ;
U&
= U cos(120) + - 1 U sin(120)
(1)

2 z c [ j ] = - 1 j zc

3 Y
(1) [i ] = Y (1) cos(j ) + - 1 Y (1) sin(j ), (c; c )

Y [i, j ] = Y(1) cos(j ) -

n- ;
64

+ - 1 j B (1) , (c; c)
4
Y [i, j ] = Y(1) cos(j ) + - 1 j Y(1) sin(j ) +

+ - 1 j B (1) , (c; c)
J& [i, j ] = J [ j ] cos(y [ j ]) + - 1 J [ j ] sin (y [ j ]), (c; c)

(1)

; z [1...nom]

- 1 Y
(1) sin(j )

3 2007 .

Y(1) [1...3000] ,
65

 ,
. ., 2007
517.929

: R n n-

. . ()

- ; C

- . .

, . [1]
,

x= Ax

(1)

( x1 x 2 , A x1 A x 2 ) (
A
x1 x 2 , A x1 A x 2 )
. , ,
. . .
, ,
, .
(1) , x k , x k +1 = A x k , k = 1, 2, ... , -

{ }

, .

(1)
. , ,
[2]
66

. [1]

(1) [a, b] .

x : [a, b] R n x(t )

= max x(t ) ;

t[ a ,b ]

z : [ a, b] R n z

= z (t ) dt ; D
a

x : [a, b] R n
x D = x& L + x(a) R n ; L

x(t )

x : [ a, b] R n

vrai sup x(t ) . ;

t[ a ,b ]

,
.

(2)
x& (t ) - (Tx)(t ) = f (t , (T1x)(t )), t [a, b],
l x = a, a R n ,

(3)

T , T1 : C L u- [3] ; l : D R n
-.
(2) D, (2)
[a, b]. , [5],
(2) T
D.
v, z L [v, z ] = {x L : v x z}.
[v, z ] , . [1], , f (t , u )

L1 [ v, z ] ( L 2 [ v, z ] ) ,
67

 p 1 (t ) ( p 2 (t ) ),

,
M 1 (t , u ) = f (t , u ) + p 1 (t ) u ( M 2 (t , u ) = f (t , u ) + p 2 (t ) u ),
(). ,

p 1 (t ) 0 , p 2 (t ) 0 t [a, b]. [1] , L1[v, z ], L 2 [v, z ] .

. :
1. v, z L , v z

t [a, b]
v&(t ) - (Tv )(t ) f (t , (T1v)(t )),

z& (t ) - (Tz )(t ) f (t , (T1z )(t )).

2. f (t , u ) L 2 [v, z ].
3. p 2 (t ) ,
x& (t ) - (Tx)(t ) + p 2 (t ) (T1x)(t ) = h 2 (t ), t [a, b],
l x=0,

[a, b] [a, b] .
(2), (3) x, v x z.
4. , , f (t , u )

L1 [v, z ] p 1 (t ) ,
x& (t ) - (Tx )(t ) + p 1(t ) (T1x)(t ) = h 1(t ), t [a, b],
l x=0,

[a, b] [a, b] , x
[v, z ] .
,
[1], 68

A : C C ,
[v, z ] . 2 3 .
A , . (2), (3)
.
[2] , u- T :C L
b

(Tx)(t ) = d s R (t , s ) x( s ),
a

(4)

; R(t , s ) : t s
t. , [4] - ( ,
(4)).
,
06-01-00744-.

1. . ., . ., . .
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(1)

W11, W22, W33 ()

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W13, W23, W123 ,

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MATLAB 6.5 ai,
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bi
Q( p) = b0 p m + b1 p m-1 + b2 p m-2 + K + bm-1 p + bm
,
: n -
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0
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a1
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K an-1
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M
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0
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K an - 2
K an-1
N
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an
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an -1
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an
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R
m 1 , 2m
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M. , , ai.
,
.

,

R(kw1 , k , kw2 , k , kw3 , k ) = 0,
w1
w2
w3

R1 (kw1 , kw 1 , kw2 , kw 2 , kw3 , kw 3 ) = 0,

R2 (kw1 , kw 1 , kw2 , kw 2 , kw3 , kw 3 ) = 0,

K K K K K K K K

R (k , k , k , k , k , k ) = 0.
5 w1 w1 w2 w2 w3 w3

(2)

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1. 1310997. . . . ., 1997. 60 .
2. :
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2000. 90 .
3. ., ., . . .: , 1990. 320 .
4. . . . .: , 2000. 331 .
4 2007 .

621.315.1.001.63
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()




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86

87

i A = di A + di AB - dCA + i A +

i A
i
dl ; iB = diB - di AB + diBC + iB + B dl ;
l
l

iC = diC + diCA - diBC + iC +

u A = i A R0 A dl + L0 A dl
+

A
i At + u A + l dl ;
C0 A dl

i
iB
i
+ M 0 AB dl A + M 0 BC dl C +
t
t
t
u

iB t + u B + B dl ;

C0 B dl
l

uC = iC R0C dl + L0C dl
+

i
i A
i
+ M 0 AB dl B + M 0CA dl C +
t
t
t

u B = iB R0 B dl + L0 B dl
+

1
C0C

iC
i
i
+ M 0 B dl B + M 0CA dl A +
t
t
t

iC t + uC +
dl

u AB = i A R0 A dl + L0 A dl
+

iC
dl ;
l

uC
dl ;
l

i
i A
i
+ M 0 AB dl B + M 0CA dl C +
t
t
t
i

C
B
A
i At - iB R0 B dl - L0 B dl t - M 0 AB dl t - M 0 BC dl t C0 A dl

iB t + u AB + AB dl ;

C0 B dl
l

u B = iB R0 B dl + L0 B dl
+

C
B
A
iB t - iC R0C dl - L0C dl t - M 0 B dl t - M 0CAdl t C0 B dl

i
i
i
+ M 0 B dl B + M 0CA dl A +
t
t
t
i

i t - i A R0 A dl - L0 A dl A - M 0 AB dl B - M 0CA dl C
C0 dl
t
t
t
-

iC t + uCA + CA dl ,

C0C dl
l

u A , u B , uC u AB , u BC , uCA ;
; i A , iB
iC ; di A , diB diC
; di AB , diBC diCA ; R0 A , L0 A , C0 A , R0 B ,
L0 B , C0 B , R0C , L0C C0C

; M AB , M BC M CA
; l .

:
u

di A = u A + A dl G0 A0 dl + C0 A0 dl u An + A dl ;

diB = u B + B dl G0 B 0 dl + C0 B 0 dl u B + B dl ;
l
t
l

di AB = u AB + AB dl G0 AB dl + C0 AB dl u AB + AB dl ;
l
t
l

u
u

diBC = u BC + BC dl G0 BC dl + C0 BC dl u BC + BC dl ;

u
u

diCA = uCA + CA dl G0CA dl + C0CA dl uCA + CA dl ,

l
t
l

iC t + u BC + BC dl ;

C0C dl
l

uA = i R0 dl + L0 dl
+

iB
i
i
+ M 0 AB dl A + M 0 BC dl B +
t
t
t

G0 A0 C0 A0 , G0B 0 C0B 0 , G0C 0 C0C 0

,
; G0 AB 0 C0 AB 0 , G0BC 0
C0BC 0 , G0CA0 C0CA0 , .
,
, , , - , .
, , .
,
.
. .
.

u
u

diC = uC + C dl G0C 0 dl + C0C 0 dl uC + C dl ;

l
l
t

1. . . // : .
. . 2. : , 2006. . 129140.

88

89

 ,
. ., 2007
2. ., ., . / . . / . , . , . . .:
, 1990. 320 .
4 2007 .

621.315.1.001.63
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() 1000 35 . . . .
45 % .


.
, , . ,
90

.
.

. . , .
. . , , [1].


R0 A , L0 A , C0 A , R0 B , L0 B , C0 B , R0C , L0C C0C ,
R0 N , L0 N
C0 N ; , , G0 AB , M 0 AB , C0 AB , G0 BC ,
M 0 BC , C0 BC , G0CA , M 0CA , C0CA , , ,
,
G0 A0 , C0 A0 , G0B 0 , C0B 0 , G0C 0 , C0C 0 ; ,

, G0 AN , M 0 N , C0 AN , G0 BN , M 0 BN , C0 BN ,
G0CN , M 0CN C0CN , , ,
G0N 0 C0N 0 .
, :
() u AB , u BC uCA ;
() u AN ,
u BN uCN ;
u A , u B uC ;
u N , 91

 ; i A , iB iC ;
iN .
,

dl :

u AN = i A R0 A dl + L0 A dl

i
i A
i
+ M 0 AB dl B + M 0CA dl C t
dt
dt

- M 0 AN dl

i A = di A + di AB - diCA + di AN + i An +

i A
dl ;
l

+ iN R0 N dl + L0 N dl

iB = diB + diBC - di AB + diBN + iB +

iB
dl ;
l

- M 0CN dl

iC = diC + diCA - diBC + diCN + iC +

iC
dl ;
l

u BN = iBn R0 B dl + L0 B dl

iN = di AN + diBN + diCN - diN + i N -

i N
dl ;
l

- M 0 BN dl

u A = i A R0 A dl + L0 A dl

- M 0 AN dl

i N
1
u
+
i A dt + u A + A dl ;

dt C0 A dl
dl

u B = iB R0 B dl + L0 B dl
- M 0 BN dl

i
iB
i
+ M 0 AB dl A + M 0 BC dl C t
dt
dt

i N
1
u
+
iB dt + u B + B dl ;

dt C0 B dl
dl

uC = iC R0C dl + L0C dl
- M 0CN dl

i
i A
i
+ M 0 AB dl B + M 0CA dl C t
dt
dt

iC
i
i
+ M 0CA dl A + M 0 BC dl B t
dt
dt

i N
u
1
+
iC dt + uC + C dl ;

dt C0C dl
dl

u N = -i N R0 N dl - L0 N dl
+ M 0CN dl

iN
i
i
+ M 0 AN dl A + M 0 BN dl B +
t
dt
dt

iC
u
1
iN dt + u N + N dl ;

dt C0 N dl
dl
92

i N
i
i
- M 0 AN dl A - M 0 BN dl B t
dt
dt

iC
u
1
+
iN dt + u AN + AN dl ;

dt C0 N dl
dl

+ iN R0 N dl + L0 N dl
- M 0CN dl

i
iB
i
+ M 0 AB dl A + M 0 BC dl C t
dt
dt
iN
1
+
iB dt +
dt C0 B dl

i N
i
i
- M 0 AN dl A - M 0 BN dl B t
dt
dt

iC
u
1
+
i N dt + u BN + BN dl ;

dt C0 N dl
dl

uCN = iC R0C dl + L0C dl

iC
i
i
+ M 0CA dl A + M 0 BC dl B t
dt
dt

- M 0CN dl

+ iN R0 N dl + L0 N dl
- M 0CN dl

iN
1
+
i A dt +
dt C0 A dl

i N
1
+
iC dt +
dt C0C dl

i N
i
i
- M 0 AN dl A - M 0 BN dl B t
dt
dt

iC
u
1
+
iN dt + uCN + CN dl ;

dt C0 Nn dl
dl

u AB = i A R0 Adl + L0 Adl

i
i
i A
+ M 0 ABn dl Bn + M 0CAdl C t
dt
dt

- M 0 AN dl

iN
1
+
i A dt dt C0 A dl
93

- iB R0 B dl - L0 B dl
+ M 0 BN dl

i
iB
i
- M 0 AB dl A - M 0 BC dl C +
t
dt
dt

i N
1
u
iB dt + u AB + AB dl ;

dt C0 B dl
dl

u BC = iB R0 B dl + L0 B dl

i
iB
i
+ M 0 AB dl A + M 0 BC dl C t
dt
dt

- M 0 BN dl
- iC R0C dl - L0C dl
+ M 0CN dl

iN
1
+
iB dt dt C0 B dl

iC
i
i
- M 0CA dl A - M 0 BC dl B +
t
dt
dt

i N
u
1
iC dt + u BC + BC dl ;

dt C0C dl
dl

uCA = iC R0C dl + L0C dl

iC
i
i
+ M 0CA dl A + M 0 BC dl B t
dt
dt

i
1
- M 0CN dl N +
iC dt dt C0C dl
- i A R0 A dl - L0 A dl
+ M 0 AN dl

i
i A
i
- M 0 AB dl B - M 0CA dl C +
t
dt
dt

i N
u
1
i A dt + u AC + AC dl ,

dt C0 A dl
dl

di A , diB diC
;
di N ; di AB , diBC diCA
; di AN , diBN diCN
.
94

di A = u AG0 A0 dl + C0 A0 dl
diC = uC G0C 0 dl + C0C 0 dl

u A
u
; diB = u B G0 B 0 dl + C0 B 0 dl B ;
t
t

uC
u
; diN = u N G0 N 0 dl + C0 N 0 dl N ;
t
t

di AN = u AN G0 AN dl + C0 AN dl

u AN
u
; diBN = u BN G0 BN dl + C0 BN dl BN ;
t
t

diCN = uCN G0CN dl + C0CN dl

uCN
u
; di AB = u AB G0 AB dl + C0 AB dl AB ;
t
t

u BC
u
; diCA = uCAG0CA dl + C0CA dl CA .
t
t
.
. .
.
, .

[2], , . .
diBC = u BC G0 BC dl + C0 BC dl

1. . . // : .
. . 2. : ,
2006. . 129140.
95

 ,
. ., 2007
2. . . : 2210154. , 7 02 J 3/01/
. . . 2001106402. . 06.03.01; . 10.08.03.
6 2007 .

621.315.1.001.63
. . , . . , . . ()



. .

: , . . (). . 1000 35 .
, , .

.

[1].

.
n - 96

.
.

(1)
x8 + ax 6 + bx 4 + cx 2 + d = 0 ,
a, b, c d ,
n -
.
(1)
, : . .
(1) ,
x2 = l .

l4 + al3 + bl2 + cl + d = 0 .

(2)
(3)

[2].
a
(4)
4
(3) :
l= y-

y 4 + py 2 + qy + r = 0 ,

(5)

a 2b 3a 4 ac
3a 2
a 3 ab
+ + c; r =
- +d.
; q=
8
8
4
16 256 4
(5) [3]

p = b -

z 3 + 2 pz 2 + p 2 - 4r z - q 2 = 0 .

(6)

(6),
, [3].

97

k = z+

2p
.
3

(7)

(6)
k 3 + mk + n = 0 ,
2

(8)

p + 12r
16 p 2 p - 8 pr
; n=
- q2 .
3
27
3
:

m = -

; y2 =
y4 =

z1 - z 2 - z3
2

; y3 =

- z1 + z 2 - z3
2

- z1 - z 2 + z3

(9)

n
n
- j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

n
n
+ j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D ;
2
2

1
n
n
2p

y2 = 3 - + D + 3 - - D 2
2
2
3

z3 =

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - 2
2
2
3

n
n
- j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D ,
2
2

(5) [3]

(11)

98

;
1

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - +
2
2
3
2 2

n
n
+ j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - 2
2
3
2 2

n
n
p
1
z2 = - 3 - + D - 3 - - D - +
2
2
2
3

(10)

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - +
2
2
3
2 2

n
n
+ j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

n
n
u = 3 - + D ; n = 3 - - D .
2
2
(7) (6)

.
2
(9), (10) (11),
:

u+n
u -n
u+n
u -n
; k3 = ,
+j 3
-j 3
2
2
2
2

2p
n
n
z1 = 3 - + D + 3 - - D ;
2
2
3

z1 + z 2 + z3

1
n
n
2p

y1 = 3 - + D + 3 - - D 2
2
2
3

m3 n 2
D=
+ .
27 4
(8) [3]
k1 = u + n ; k 2 = -

y1 =

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - 2
2
3
2 2
99

n
n
- j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

1
n
n
2p

y3 = - 3 - + D + 3 - - D 2
2
2
3
+

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - 2
2
3
2 2
1

;
1

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - +
2
2
3
2 2

n
n
+ j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

100

a
- ;
4

1
n
n
2p

l 2 = 3 - + D + 3 - - D 2
2
2
3

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - +
2
2
3
2 2

n
n
+ j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - 2
2
3
2 2

n
n
- j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - 2
2
3
2 2

n
n
- j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - +
2
2
3
2 2

n
n
+ j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

1
n
n
2p

y4 = - 3 - + D + 3 - - D 2
2
2
3

1
n
n
2p

l1 = 3 - + D + 3 - - D 2
2
2
3

n
n
- j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - +
2
2
3
2 2

n
n
+ j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

(4),
(3)

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - 2
2
3
2 2

n
n
- j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

101

a
- ;
4

1
n
n
2p

l 3 = - 3 - + D + 3 - - D 2
2
2
3
+

x1, 2

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - +
2
2
3
2 2

n
n
+ j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

a
- ;
4

1
n
n
2p

l 4 = - 3 - + D + 3 - - D 2
2
2
3

n
n
+ j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

2 a
n
n
- j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D - .
2
2
4

, , (2)
(1):
102

n
n
- + D - 3 - + D
2
2

a
-
4

n
2p 2
1 3 n
3
= - + D + - - D 2
2
3
2

1 3 n
n
p
+
- - + D - 3 - - D - 2
2
3
2 2
1

x3, 4

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - 2
2
3
2 2

- j 3 3

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - +
2
2
3
2 2
1

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - +
2
2
3
2 2

n
n
+ j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - 2
2
3
2 2

n
n
- j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

2
n
2
p
1 3 n
+
= - + D + 3 - - D 2
2
3
2

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - +
2
2
3
2 2

n
n
+ j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - 2
2
3
2 2

n
n
- j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

103

a
-
4

x5,6

2
n
2
p
1 3 n
+
= - - + D + 3 - - D 2
2
3
2

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - +
2
2
3
2 2

n
n
+ j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

- j 3 3

x7,8

,
.

a
-
4

n
2p 2
1 3 n
3
= - - + D + - - D 2
2
3
2

621.315.1.001.63
. . , . . , . . , . .
()

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - 2
2
3
2 2

n
n
- j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

104

a
-
4

1. . . : 2210154. , 7 02 J 3/01.
2001106402. . 06.03.01; . 10.08.03.
2. ., . : , , . .: , 1973.
832 .
3. . ., . .
. 13- ., . .: , 1986.
544 .
4 2007 .

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - +
2
2
3
2 2

n
n
+ j 3 3 - + D - 3 - + D
2
2

:
g1n = x1, 2 ; g 2n = x3, 4 ; g 3n = x5,6 ; g 4n = x7,8 .

1 3 n
n
p
- - + D - 3 - - D - 2
2
3
2 2

n
n
- + D - 3 - + D
2
2

,
. ., 2007

. -
.
105

 ( ) .
n -
:
R0 An = R0 Bn = R0Cn ; L0 An = L0 Bn = L0Cn ; C0 An = C0 Bn = C0Cn ;
G0 ABn = G0 BCn = G0CAn ; M 0 ABn = M 0 BCn = M 0CAn ;
C0 ABn = C0 BCn = C0CAn ; G0 A0n = G0 B 0n = G0C 0n ;
C0 A 0 n = C0 B 0 n = C 0 C 0 n .

Y 0 A0n = Y 0 B 0n = Y 0C 0n = Y 00n ; Y 0 ABn = Y 0 BCn = Y 0CAn = Y 0 n ;
Z 0 An = Z 0 Bn = Z 0Cn = Z 0n ; Z 0 ABn = Z 0 BCn = Z 0CAn = Z 0n .

, .

x 6 + ax 4 + bx 2 + c = 0 ,
,
a = 3(1 - Z 0n Y 0n - 2 Z 0n Y 0 n + Z 0n Y 0 n );

b = 3 1 - 2 Z 0n Y 00n - 4 Z 0n Y 0 n - 4 Z 0n Y 0 n +

)(

+ 3 Z 0n Y 00n + 2 Z 0n Y 0 n - 2 Z 0n Y 0 n Z 0n Y 0 0n -

- Z 0 n Y 0 0 n - Z 0 n Y 0 n

) 2-

- 2 Z 0n Y 0 0n - Z 0n Y 00n - Z 0n Y 0 n

) 3.

:
Z A1n = Z B1n = Z C1n = Z 1n ; Z A2n = Z B 2n = Z C 2n = Z 2n ;
Z A3n = Z B3n = Z C 3n = Z 3n .
,
,
.

, l , :
U& = U& chg l - I& Z shg l + U& chg l An

1 An

1n

1 An

c1n

1n

1 An

2n

- I&1An Z c 2n shg 2n l + U&1 An chg 3n l - I&1 An Z c3n shg 3n l ;

U& Bn = U&1Bn chg1n l - I&1Bn Z c1n shg1n l + U&1Bn chg 2n l - I&1Bn Z c 2n shg 2n l + U&1Bn chg 3n l - I&1Bn Z c3n shg 3n l ;

U& Cn = U&1Cn chg1n l - I&1Cn Z c1n shg1n l + U&1Cn chg 2n l - I&1Cn Z c 2n shg 2n l + U&1Cn chg 3n l - I&1Cn Z c3n shg 3n l ;

(
) - (Z 0n Y 0 0n - Z 0 n Y 0 0n - Z 0n Y 0 n ) 2 ];

U& ABn = (U&1 An - U&1Bn ) chg1n l - (I&1 An - I&1Bn )Z c1n shg1n l +

c = 1 - 3Z 0n Y 0n - 6Z 0n Y 0 n + 6Z 02n Y 02 0n +

+ (U&1 An - U&1Bn ) chg 3n l - (I&1An - I&1Bn )Z c3n shg 3n l ;

+ Z 0n Y 00n + 2Z 0n Y 0 n - 2Z 0n Y 0 n

+ (U&1An - U&1Bn ) chg 2n l - (I&1 An - I&1Bn )Z c 2n shg 2n l +

(
) 2- 3(Z 0n Y 0 0n - Z 0n Y 00n - Z 0n Y 0 n ) 2 - (Z 0n Y 00n + 2Z 0n Y 0 n - 2Z 0n Y 0 n ) 3+

U& Bn = (U&1Bn - U&1Cn ) chg1n l - (I&1Bn - I&1Cn )Z c1n shg1n l +

106

107

+ 3 Z 0n Y 0 0n + 2 Z 0n Y 0 n - 2 Z 0n Y 0 n

+ (U&1Bn - U&1Cn ) chg 2n l - (I&1Bn - I&1Cn )Z c 2n shg 2n l +

+ (U&1Bn - U&1Cn ) chg 3n l - (I&1Bn - I&1Cn )Z c3n shg 3n l ;

U& An = (U&1Cn - U&1 An ) chg1n l - (I&1Cn - I&1 An )Z c1n shg1n l +

U& Bn = U& 2 Bn hg1n y + I&2 Bn Z c1n shg1n y + U& 2 Bn hg 2n y + I&2 Bn Z c 2n shg 2n y +

+ (U&1Cn - U&1 An ) chhg 2n l - (I&1Cn - I&1 An )Z c 2n shg 2n l +

+ U& 2 Bn hg 3n y + I&2 Bn Z c3n shg 3n y ;

+ (U&1Cn - U&1 An ) chg 3n l - (I&1Cn - I&1 An )Z c3n shg 3n l ;

U& Cn = U& 2Cn hg1n y + I&2Cn Z c1n shg1n y +

+ U& 2Cn hg 2n y + I&2Cn Z c 2n shg 2n y + U& 2Cn hg 3n y + I&2Cn Z c3n shg 3n y ;

U&
U&
I&An = I&1An chg1n l - 1An shg1n l + I&1 An chg 2n l - 1 An shg 2n l +
Z c1n
Z c 2n
+ I&1 An chg 3n l -

U& ABn = (U& 2 An - U& 2 Bn ) hg1n l + (I&2 An - I&2 Bn )Z c1n shg1n y +

+ (U& 2 An - U& 2 Bn ) hg 2n y + (I&2 An - I&2 Bn )Z c 2n shg 2n y +

U&1An
shg 3n l ;
Z c3n

+ (U& 2 An - U& 2 Bn ) hg 3n y + (I&2 An - I&2 Bn )Z c3n shg 3n y ;

U&
U&
I&Bn = I&1Bn chg1n l - 1Bn shg1n l + I&1Bn chg 2n l - 1Bn shg 2n l +
Z c1n
Z c 2n

U& Bn = (U& 2 Bn - U& 2Cn ) hg1n l + (I&2 Bn - I&2Cn )Z c1n shg1n y +

U&
+ I&1Bn chg 3n l - 1Bn shg 3n l ;
Z c3n

+ (U& 2 Bn - U& 2Cn ) hg 3n y + (I&2 Bn - I&2Cn )Z c3n shg 3n y ;

+ (U& 2 Bn - U& 2Cn ) hg 2n y + (I&2 Bn - I&2Cn )Z c 2n shg 2n y +

U& CAn = (U& 2Cn - U& 2 An ) hg1n l + (I&2Cn - I&2 An )Z c1n shg1n y +

U&
U&
I&Cn = I&1Cn chg1n l - 1Cn shg1n l + I&1Cn chg 2n l - 1Cn shg 2n l +
Z c1n
Z c 2n

+ (U& 2Cn - U& 2 An ) hg 2n y + (I&2Cn - I&2 An )Z c 2n shg 2n y +

U&
+ I&1Cn chg 3n l - 1An shg 3n l ,
Z c3n

U&
U&
I&An = I&2 An hg1n y + 2 An shg1n y + I&2 An hg 2n y + 2 An shg 2n y +
Z c1n
Z c 2n

U&1 An , U&1Bn , U&1Cn I&1An , I&1Bn , I&1Cn

n -
; g1n ,

U&
+ I&2 An hg 3n y + 2 An shg 3n y ;
Z c3n

+ (U& 2Cn - U& 2 An ) hg 3n y + (I&2Cn - I&2 An )Z c3n shg 3n y ;

g 2n g 3n
; l

.
, y ,
U& = U& hg y + I& Z shg y + U& hg y + I& Z shg y +
An

2 An

1n

2 An

c1n

1n

2 An

2n

2 An

c 2n

2n

U&
U&
I&Bn = I&2 Bn hg1n y + 2 Bn shg1n y + I&2 Bn hg 2n y + 2 Bn shg 2n y +
Z c1n
Z c 2n
U&
+ I&2 Bn hg 3n y + 2 Bn shg 3n y ;
Z c3n
U&
U&
I&n = I&2n hg1n y + 2n shg1n y + I&2n hg 2n y + 2n shg 2n y +
Z c1n
Z c 2n

+ U& 2 An hg 3n y + I&2 An Z c3n shg 3n y ;

U&
+ I&2n hg 3n y + 2n shg 3n y ,
Z c3n

108

109

 ,
. ., 2007
U& 2 An , U& 2 Bn , U& 2Cn I&2 An , I&2 Bn , I&2Cn

n - .
,
.

[1].
,
, , . . , , , .

1. . . //
: .
. : , 2006. . 2. . 129140.
4 2007 .

621.315.1.001.63
. . , . . , . . ()






110

.
- .

, ,
(), .
,
.

R0 An = R0 Bn = R0Cn ; L0 An = L0 Bn = L0Cn ; C0 An = C0 Bn = C0Cn ;
G0 ABn = G0 BCn = G0CAn ; M 0 ABn = M 0 BCn = M 0CAn ;

C0 ABn = C0 BCn = C0CAn ; G0 ANn = G0 BNn = G0CNn ;

M 0 ANn = M 0 BNn = M 0CNn ; C0 ANn = C0 BNn = C0CNn ;

G0 A0n = G0 B 0n = G0C 0n ; C0 A0n = C0 B 0n = C0C 0n .

,
, .
:
Y 0 A0n = Y 0 B 0n = Y 0C 0n = Y 00n ; Y 0 ABn = Y 0 BCn = Y 0CAn = Y 0 n ;
Z 0 An = Z 0 Bn = Z 0Cn = Z 0n ; Z 0 ABn = Z 0 BCn = Z 0CAn = Z 0n ;
Y 0 ANn = Y 0 BNn = Y 0CNn = Y 0Nn ; Z 0 ANn = Z 0 BNn = Z 0CNn = Z 0Nn .

x 8 + ax 6 + bx 4 + cx 2 + d = 0 ,

a, b, c d ,
n -
.

:
111

Z cA1n = Z cB1n = Z cC1n = Z c1n ; Z cA2n = Z cB 2n = Z cC 2n = Z c 2n ;

Z cA3n = Z cB3n = Z cC 3n = Z c3n ; Z cA4n = Z cB 4n = Z cC 4n = Z c 4n .

,
.

n-

l :
U& = U& chg l - I& Z shg l + U& chg l - I& Z shg l +
An

1 An

1n

1 An

c1n

1n

1 An

2n

1 An

c 2n

2n

+ U&1 An chg 3n l - I&1An Z c3n shg 3n l + U&1 An chg 4n l - I&1 An Z c 4n shg 4n l ;

U& Bn = U&1Bn chg1n l - I&1Bn Z c1n shg1n l + U&1Bn chg 2n l - I&1Bn Z c 2n shg 2n l +
+ U&1Bn chg 3n l - I&1Bn Z c3n shg 3n l + U&1Bn chg 4n l - I&1Bn Z c 4n shg 4n l ;
U& Cn = U&1Cn chg1n l - I&1Cn Z c1n shg1n l + U&1Cn chg 2n l - I&1Cn Z c 2n shg 2n l +
+ U&1Cn chg 3n l - I&1Cn Z c3n shg 3n l + U&1Cn chg 4n l - I&1Cn Z c 4n shg 4n l ;
U& Nn = U&1Nn chg1n l + I&1Nn Z cN 1n shg1nl + U&1Nn chg 2n l + I&1Nn Z cN 2n shg 2n l +

+ (U&1Cn - U&1 An ) chg 2n l - (I&1Cn - I&1An )Z c 2n shg 2n l +

+ (U&1Cn - U&1 An ) chg 3n l - (I&1Cn - I&1 An )Z c3n shg 3n l +
+ (U&1Cn - U&1 An ) chg 4n l - (I&1Cn - I&1 An )Z c 4n shg 4n l ;

U& ANn = (U&1An - U&1Nn ) chg1n l - (I&1An Z c1n + I&1Nn Z cN 1n ) shg1n l +

+ (U&1 An - U&1Nn ) chg 2n l - (I&1An Z c 2n + I&1Nn Z cN 2n ) shg 2n l +

+ (U&1 An - U&1Nn )chg 3n l - (I&1 An Z c3n + I&1Nn Z cN 3n ) shg 3n l +

+ (U&1 An - U&1Nn ) chg 4n l - (I&1 An Z c 4n + I&1Nn Z cN 4n ) shg 4n l ;

U& BNn = (U&1Bn - U&1Nn ) chg1n l - (I&1Bn Z c1n + I&1Nn Z cN 1n ) sh g1n l +

+ (U&1Bn - U&1Nn ) chg 2n l - (I&1Bn Z c 2n + I&1Nn Z cN 2n ) shg 2n l +

+ (U&1Bn - U&1Nn ) chg 3n l - (I&1Bn Z c3n + I&1Nn Z cN 3n ) shg 3n l +

+ (U&1Bn - U&1Nn ) chg 4n l - (I&1Bn Z c 4n + I&1Nn Z cN 4n ) shg 4n l ;

U& CNn = (U&1Cn - U&1Nn ) chg1n l - (I&1Cn Z c1n + I&1Nn Z cN 1n ) shg1n l +

+ (U&1Cn - U&1Nn ) chg 2n l - (I&1Cn Z c 2n + I&1Nn Z cN 2n ) shg 2n l +
+ (U&1Cn - U&1Nn ) chg 3n l - (I&1Cn Z c3n + I&1Nn Z cN 3n ) shg 3n l +

+ U&1Nn chg 3n l + I&1Nn Z cN 3n shg 3n l + U&1Nn chg 4n l + I&1Nn Z cN 4n shg 4n l ;

+ (U&1Cn - U&1Nn ) chg 4n l - (I&1Cn Z c 4n + I&1Nn Z cN 4n ) shg 4n l ;

+ (U&1 An - U&1Bn ) chg 2n l - (I&1An - I&1Bn )Z c 2n shg 2n l +

U&
U&
I&An = I&1An chg1n l - 1An shg1n l + I&1 An chg 2n l - 1An shg 2n l +
Z c1n
Z c 2n

+ (U&1 An - U&1Bn )chg 4n l - (I&1An - I&1Bn )Z c 4n shg 4n l ;

U&
U&
+ I&1 An chg 3n l - 1 An shg 3n l + I&1 An chg 4n l - 1 An shg 4n l ;
Z c3n
Z c 4n

U& ABn = (U&1 An - U&1Bn ) chg1n l - (I&1 An - I&1Bn )Z c1n shg1n l +

+ (U&1 An - U&1Bn ) chg 3n l - (I&1 An - I&1Bn )Z c3n shg 3n l +

U& BCn = (U&1Bn - U&1Cn ) chg1n l - (I&1Bn - I&1Cn )Z c1n shg1n l +

U&
U&
I&Bn = I&1Bn chg1n l - 1Bn shg1n l + I&1Bn chg 2n l - 1Bn shg 2n l +
Z c1n
Z c 2n

+ (U&1Bn - U&1Cn ) ch g 3n l - (I&1Bn - I&1Cn )Z c3n shg 3n l +

U&
U&
+ I&1Bn chg 3nl - 1Bn shg 3nl + I&1Bn chg 4n l - 1Bn shg 4n l ;
Z c 4n
Z c3n

+ (U&1Bn - U&1Cn ) chg 2n l - (I&1Bn - I&1Cn )Z c 2n shg 2n l +

+ (U&1Bn - U&1Cn ) chg 4n l - (I&1Bn - I&1Cn )Z c 4n shg 4n l ;

U& CAn = (U&1Cn - U&1 An ) chg1n l - (I&1Cn - I&1An )Z c1n shg1n l +

112

113

U&
U&
I&Cn = I&1Cn chg1n l - 1Cn shg1n l + I&1Cn chg 2n l - 1Cn shg 2n l +
Z c1n
Z c 2n

U& ABn = (U& 2 An - U& 2 Bn ) chg1n y + (I&2 An - I&2 Bn )Z c1n shg1n y +

U&
U&
+ I&1Cn chg 3n l - 1Cn shg 3n l + I&1Cn chg 4n l - 1Cn shg 4n l ;
Z c3n
Z c 4n

+ (U& 2 An - U& 2 Bn ) chg 3n y + (I&2 An - I&2 Bn )Z c3n shg 3n y +

I&Nn

U&
U&
= I&1Nn chg1nl + 1Nn shg1nl + I&1Nn chg 2n l + 1Nn sh g 2n l +
Z cN 1n
Z cN 2n

U&
U&
+ I&1Nn ch g 3n l + 1Nn sh g 3n l + I&1Nn chg 4n l + 1Nn shg 4n l ,
Z cN 3n
Z cN 4n

U&1 An , U&1Bn , U&1Cn , U&1Nn I&1 An , I&1Bn , I&1Cn , I&1Nn
,
n -
; g1n , g 2n , g 3n g 4n

.
n-
,

y :

+ (U& 2 An - U& 2 Bn ) chg 2n l + (I&2 An - I&2 Bn )Z c 2n shg 2n y +

+ (U& 2 An - U& 2 Bn ) ch g 4n l + (I&2 An - I&2 Bn )Z c 4n shg 4n y ;
U& BCn = (U& 2 Bn - U& 2Cn ) chg1n y + (I&2 Bn - I&2Cn )Z c1n shg1n y +
+ (U& 2 Bn - U& 2Cn ) chg 2n y + (I&2 Bn - I&2Cn )Z c 2n shg 2n y +
+ (U& 2 Bn - U& 2Cn ) chg 3n y + (I&2 Bn - I&2Cn )Z c3n shg 3n y +
+ (U& 2 Bn - U& 2Cn ) chg 4n l + (I&2 Bn - I&2Cn )Z c 4n shg 4n y ;
U& CAn = (U& 2Cn - U& 2 An ) chg1n y + (I&2Cn - I&2 An )Z c1n shg1n y +
+ (U& 2Cn - U& 2 An ) chg 2n y + (I&2Cn - I&2 An )Z c 2n shg 2n y +
+ (U& 2Cn - U& 2 An ) chg 3n y + (I&2Cn - I&2 An )Z c3n shg 3n y +
+ (U& 2Cn - U& 2 An ) chg 4n y + (I&2Cn - I&2 An )Z c 4n shg 4n y ;
U& ANn = (U& 2 An - U& 2 Nn ) ch g1n y + (I&2 An Z c1n + I&2 Nn Z cN 1n ) shg1n y +
+ (U& 2 An - U& 2 Nn ) chg 2n y + (I&2 An Z c 2n + I&2 Nn Z cN 2n ) shg 2n y +

U& An = U& 2 An chg1n y + I&2 An Z c1n shg1n y + U& 2 An chg 2n y + I&2 An Z c 2n shg 2n y +

+ (U& 2 An - U& 2 Nn ) chg 3n y + (I&2 An Z c3n + I&2 Nn Z cN 3n ) sh g 3n y +

+ U& 2 An chg 3n y + I&2 An Z c3n shg 3n y + U& 2 An chg 4n l + I&2 An Z c 4n shg 4n y ;

+ (U& 2 An - U& 2 Nn ) chg 4n y + (I&2 An Z c 4n + I&2 Nn Z cN 4n ) shg 4n y ;

U& Bn = U& 2 Bn chg1n y + I&2 Bn Z c1n shg1n y + U& 2 Bn ch g 2n l + I&2 Bn Z c 2n shg 2n y +

U& BNn = (U& 2 Bn - U& 2 Nn ) chg1n y + (I&2 Bn Z c1n + I&2 Nn Z cN 1n ) shg1n y +

+ U& 2 Bn chg 3n y + I&2 Bn Z c3n shg 3n y + U& 2 Bn chg 4n l + I&2 Bn Z c 4n shg 4n y ;

+ (U& 2 Bn - U& 2 Nn ) chg 2n y + (I&2 Bn Z c 2n + I&2 Nn Z cN 2n ) shg 2n y +

U& Cn = U& 2Cn chg1n y + I&2Cn Z c1n shg1n y + U& 2Cn chg 2n l + I&2Cn Z c 2n shg 2n y +

+ (U& 2 Bn - U& 2 Nn ) ch g 3n y + (I&2 Bn Z c3n + I&2 Nn Z cN 3n ) shg 3n y +

+ U& 2Cn chg 3n y + I&2Cn Z c3n shg 3n y + U& 2Cn chg 4n l + I&2Cn Z c 4n shg 4n y ;

+ (U& 2 Bn - U& 2 Nn ) chg 4n y + (I&2 Bn Z c 4n + I&2 Nn Z cN 4n ) shg 4n y ;

U& Nn = U& 2 Nn chg1n y - I&2 Nn Z cN 1n shg1n y U

+& 2 Nn chg 2n y - I&2 Nn Z cN 2n shg 2n y +

U& CNn = (U& 2Cn - U& 2 Nn ) chg1n y + (I&2Cn Z c1n + I&2 Nn Z cN 1n ) sh g1n y +

+ U& 2 Nn chg 3n y - I&2 Nn Z cN 3n shg 3n y + U& 2 Nn chg 4n y - I&2 Nn Z cN 4n shg 4n y ;

+ (U& 2Cn - U& 2 Nn ) chg 2n y + (I&2Cn Z c 2n + I&2 Nn Z cN 2n ) shg 2n y +

114

115

+ (U& 2Cn - U& 2 Nn ) chg 3n y + (I&2Cn Z c3n + I&2 Nn Z cN 3n ) shg 3n y +

+ (U& 2Cn - U& 2 Nn ) chg 4n y + (I&2Cn Z c 4n + I&2 Nn Z cN 4n ) shg 4n y ;
U&
U&
I&An = I&2 An chg1n y + 2 An shg1n y + I&2 An chg 2n y + 2 An shg 2n y +
Z c1n
Z c 2n
U&
U&
+ I&2 An chg 3n y + 2 An shg 3n y + I&2 An chg 4n y + 2 An shg 4n y ;
Z c3n
Z c 4n
U&
U&
I&Bn = I&2 Bn chg1n y + 2 Bn shg1n y + I&2 Bn chg 2n y + 2 Bn shg 2n y +
Z c1n
Z c 2n
U&
U&
+ I&2 Bn chg 3n y + 2 Bn shg 3n y + I&2 Bn chg 4n y + 2 Bn shg 4n y ;
Z c3n
Z c 4n
I&Cn

U&
U&
= I&2Cn chg1n y + 2Cn sh g1n y + I&2Cn chg 2n y + 2Cn shg 2n y +
Z c1n
Z c 2n

U&
U&
+ I&2Cn chg 3n y + 2Cn shg 3n y + I&2Cn ch g 4n y + 2Cn shg 4n y ;
Z c3n
Z c 4n
U&
U&
I&Nn = I&2 Nn chg1n y - 2 Nn shg1n y + I&2 Nn ch g 2n y - 2 Nn shg 2n y +
Z cN1n
Z cN 2n
+ I&2 Nn chg 3n y -

U& 2 Nn
U&
shg 3n y + I&2 Nn chg 4n y - 2 Nn shg 4n y ,
Z cN 3n
Z cN 4n

U& 2 An , U& 2 Bn , U& 2Cn , U& 2 Nn I&2 An , I&2 Bn , I&2Cn , I&2 Nn

,
v-
.
, ,
.
3 2007 .

116

,
. ., 2007
621.315.1.001.63
. . , . . , . . , . .
()

. .

() 1000 35 .
.
, , . ,
, .

[1],

[2].
.
n -
- [3]. 117


.
(1)
x 6 + ax 4 + bx 2 + c = 0 ,

a = 3 - Z 0 An (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn ) -

- Z 0 Bn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn ) - Z 0Cn (Y 0C 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn ) +

+ Z 0 ABn (2Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn ) + 2 Z 0 BCn Y 0 BCn + Z 0CAn Y 0CAn ;
b = 3 - 2 Z 0 An (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn ) -

- 2Z 0 Bn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn ) - 2Z 0Cn (Y 0C 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn ) +

+ 2 Z 0 ABn (2Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn ) + 4 Z 0 BCn Y 0 BCn + 2 Z 0CAn Y 0CAn +

+ [Z 0 An (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn ) - Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn - Z 0CAn Y 0CAn ] [Z 0 Bn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn ) - Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn - Z 0 BCn Y 0 BCn ] +

+ [Z 0 An (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn ) - Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn - Z 0CAn Y 0CAn ] [Z 0n (Y 0 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn ) -

- Z 0 ABn Y 0CAn - Z 0 BCn Y 0 BCn ] +

+ [Z 0 Bn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn ) - Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn - Z 0 BCn Y 0 BCn ] [Z 0n (Y 0 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn ) -

- Z 0 ABn Y 0CAn - Z 0 BCn Y 0 BCn ] - [Z 0 An Y 0 ABn + Z 0CAn Y 0 BCn -

- Z 0 ABn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn )][Z 0 Bn Y 0 ABn + Z 0 BCn Y 0CAn -

- Z 0 ABn (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn )] - [Z 0 Bn Y 0 BCn + Z 0 ABn Y 0CAn - Z 0 BCn (Y 0C 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn )][Z 0Cn Y 0 BCn + Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn -

- Z 0 BCn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn )] - [Z 0 An Y 0An + Z 0 ABn Y 0 BCn -

- Z 0CAn (Y 0C 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn )][Z 0Cn Y 0CAn + Z 0 BCn Y 0 ABn - Z 0 ABn (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn )];

c = 1 - 2Z 0 An (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn ) -

+ Z 0 ABn (2Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn ) + Z 0 BCn Y 0 BCn + Z 0CAn Y 0CAn +

+ [Z 0 An (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn ) - Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn - Z 0CAn Y 0CAn ] [Z 0 Bn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn ) - Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn - Z 0 BCn Y 0 BCn ] +

+ [Z 0 An (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn ) - Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn - Z 0CAn Y 0CAn ] [Z 0n (Y 0 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn ) - Z 0 ABn Y 0CAn - Z 0 BCn Y 0 BCn ] +

+ [Z 0 Bn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn ) - Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn - Z 0 BCn Y 0 BCn ] [Z 0n (Y 0 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn ) -

- Z 0 ABn Y 0CAn - Z 0 BCn Y 0 BCn ] - [Z 0 An Y 0 ABn + Z 0CAn Y 0 BCn -

- Z 0 ABn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn )][Z 0 Bn Y 0 ABn + Z 0 BCn Y 0CAn -

- Z 0 ABn (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn )] - [Z 0 Bn Y 0 BCn + Z 0 ABn Y 0CAn - Z 0 BCn (Y 0C 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn )][Z 0Cn Y 0 BCn + Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn -

- Z 0 BCn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn )] - [Z 0 An Y 0An + Z 0 ABn Y 0 BCn - Z 0CAn (Y 0C 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn )][Z 0Cn Y 0CAn + Z 0 BCn Y 0 ABn -

- Z 0 ABn (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn )] - [Z 0 An (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn ) - Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn - Z 0CAn Y 0CAn ] [Z 0 Bn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn ) -

- Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn - Z 0 BCn Y 0 BCn ] [Z 0Cn (Y 0C 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn ) -

- Z 0 ABn Y 0CAn - Z 0 BCn Y 0 BCn ] + [Z 0 An (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn ) - Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn - Z 0CAn Y 0CAn ][Z 0 Bn Y 0 Bn + Z 0 ABn Y 0An -

- Z 0 Bn (Y 0 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn )][Z 0Cn Y 0 BCn + Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn -

- Z 0 BCn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn )] + [Z 0Cn (Y 0C 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn ) - Z 0 ABn Y 0CAn - Z 0 BCn Y 0 BCn ][Z 0 An Y 0 ABn + Z 0CAn Y 0 Bn -

- Z 0 ABn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn )][Z 0 Bn Y 0 ABn + Z 0 BCn Y 0CAn -

- Z 0 ABn (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn )] + [Z 0 Bn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn ) - Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn - Z 0CAn Y 0CAn ][Z 0 An Y 0An + Z 0 ABn Y 0 Bn -

- Z 0 Bn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn ) - Z 0Cn (Y 0C 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn ) +

- Z 0An (Y 0 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn )][Z 0Cn Y 0CAn + Z 0 BCn Y 0 ABn -

118

119

- Z 0 ABn (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn )] - [Z 0 An Y 0 ABn + Z 0CAn Y 0 BCn -

p3 q 2
+ .
(6)
27 4
(5) (6) (4)
D=

- Z 0 ABn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn )][Z 0 Bn Y 0 Bn + Z 0 ABn Y 0An - Z 0 Bn (Y 0 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn )][Z 0Cn Y 0CAn + Z 0 BCn Y 0 ABn -

- Z 0 ABn (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn )] - [Z 0 An Y 0An + Z 0 ABn Y 0 BCn -

- Z 0CAn (Y 0C 0n + Y 0CAn + Y 0 BCn )][Z 0 Bn Y 0 ABn + Z 0 BCn Y 0 Bn - Z 0 ABn (Y 0 A0n + Y 0 ABn + Y 0CAn )][Z 0Cn Y 0 BCn + Z 0 ABn Y 0 ABn - Z 0 BCn (Y 0 B 0n + Y 0 BCn + Y 0 ABn )];

Z 0 An , Z 0 Bn , Z 0Cn , Z 0 ABn , Z 0 BCn , Z 0CAn , Y 0 A0n , Y 0B 0n , Y 0C 0n , Y 0 ABn ,

Y 0 BCn Y 0CAn
n -
.
(1)
, :
.
.
(1) ,
x 2 = l .
(2)
l3 + al2 + bl + c = 0 .
(2), .

a
y =l+ .
3
(2) :
y 3 + py + q = 0 ,

p=

3b - a 2
;
3

q
-1 j 3
q
+ D ; u = 3 - - D ; x1, 2 =
.
2
2
2
(3) :
u=3 -

l1 = y1 l 2 = y2 -

(3)
(4)

a 3 a 3 c ab
a 3 c ab
a
= - - +
+ D -3 - - +
- D- ;
3
27 2 6
27 2 6
3

a 1 3 a 3 c ab
a 3 c ab
2a
= - - - +
+ D -3 - - +
- D+
3 2
27 2 6
27 2 6
3

a 3 c ab
a 3 c ab
+ j 3 3 - - +
+ D -3 - - +
- D ;

27 2 6
27 2 6

l 3 = y3 -

2a 3 ab
q=
- + c.
(5)
27
3

120

2a 4b + 16a 3c + 19a 2b 2 + 36b3 + 243c 2

.
972

(3) :
y1 = u + u ; y2 = x1u + x 2 u ; y3 = x 2u + x1u ,
D=

a 1 3 a 3 c ab
a 3 c ab
2a
= - - - +
+ D -3 - - +
- D3 2
27 2 6
27 2 6
3

a 3 c ab
a 3 c ab
- j 3 3 - - +
+ D -3 - - +
- D .

27 2 6
27 2 6

(1)

x1,2

a 3 c ab
a 3 c ab
a
= l1 = 3 - - +
+ D +3 - - +
- D-

27 2 6
27 2 6
3

121

x3,4 = l 2 =

2a
1 3 a 3 c ab
a 3 c ab
- - - + + D - 3 - - + - D - +
27 2 6
27 2 6
3
2

a 3 c ab
a 3 c ab
+ j 3 3 - - +
+ D -3 - - +
- D

27 2 6
27 2 6

x5,6

1 3 a 3 c ab
2a
a 3 c ab
3
= l3 =
+
+
- + - D- D

27 2 6
27 2 6
3
2
1

2
a 3 c ab
a 3 c ab
- j 3 3 - +
+ D -3 - - +
- D .

27 2 6
27 2 6

: g1n = x1, 2 ; g 2n = x3, 4

g 3n = x5,6 .
, g1n , g 2n g 3n p 3 ,
.
, , .

1. . . : 2210154, , 7 02 J 3/01/
2001106402. . 06.03.01; . 10.08.03.
2. . . : 2122186, , 6 G 01 J 3/28 / . . ,
. . , . . , . . , . . ,
. . , . . . .
96112228/25, . 14.06.96, . 20.11.98.
122

,
. ., 2007
3. . . . //
: .
. . 2. : , 2006. . 129140.
4 2007 .

518.924
. . ()

-1
(I - Pn HH)
,
I H, Pn.

. H , U U,
n :
1. ( I - Pn HH ) -1.
-1
2. ( I - Pn HH ) C1 .
-1
3. ( I - Pn HH ) ( Pn HH - H ) C2 < 1.

I H :
K1I
1
( I - H ) -1
= K1 .
1 + ( I - H ) K1I - I
1 - 2
. I H :
I - H = I - Pn HH + Pn HH - H .
, 1,
(1)
I - H = ( I - Pn HH ) + [ I + ( I - Pn HH ) -1 ( Pn HH - H )] .
(1). 3 , I + ( I - Pn HH ) -1 ( Pn HH - H )

123

1
.
(2)
1 - C2
I - Pn HH 1.
, [1], 2 (2)
1
( I - H ) -1
= K1 .
1 - 2
[ I + ( I - Pn HH ) -1 ( Pn HH - H )]-1

( I - H ) -1 .

,
K1I - ( I - H ) -1 K1I - ( I - H ) -1 .

(3)

K1I - ( I - H ) -1
K1I - ( I - H ) -1 = ( I - H ) -1 ( I - H ) K1I - ( I - H ) -1 =
= ( I - H ) -1[( I - H ) K1I - I .

,
K1I - ( I - H ) -1 ( I - H ) -1 ( I - H ) K1I - I .

(4)

(4) (3).
K1I - ( I - H ) -1 ( I - H ) -1 ( I - H ) K1I - I .

( I - H ) -1

K1I
.
1 + ( I - H ) K1I - I

1. . . .: , 1969. 447 .
4 2007 .
124

,
. ., 2007
681.325
. . , . . ()

. JK- .

JK - R S
Q(t + 1) = R S Q R S = R ( S Q S ) = R (Q S ) .
R S = 00 Q(t + 1) () , R S = 11 Q(t + 1) J , K Q(t ) :
Q(t + 1) = JQ (t ) K Q (t ) .
(. 1) , , . T - C t , t + 1, ... . 2.
, :
, , .
.
:
1) R S Q(t ) = Q ;
2) Q KJQ ;
3) Dt S P = 11;
4) K J KJQ .
125

. 1.

. 2. t t + 1 + = 1 - = 1

126

:
1) - C = 1 t + 1 ;
2) (. . 1 2) C ( ) t ;
3) Q(t + 1) ;
4) Q(t + 1) Q(t ) ;
5) Dt Q(t + 1) Q(t )

Q(t ) = Q KJQ ;
6) . 1 .

Q(1)Q(2)Q(3)... Q, K , J , C T
, . Dt t Q(t ) t + 1 ( Q(t + 1) Q(t ), K , J , C )
t + 1 t + 2 , t t + 1 .
T , Q, K , J , C , ,
, ( )
.

127

 ,
. ., 2007

1. . .
// , : . . . . / . ., 2005.
. 11. 224 .
3 2007 .

539.213.3
. . ( ())





. , .

,

,
. ,
. , ,
- .

,

v=

J
,
t*
128

(1)

J ; t*
.
, [1],
u
j
- t* ,
(2)
x
t
u .
(2)
j = -J

u
2u
+ t* 2 = J 2u,
t
t

(3)

2u 2u 1 u
.
2u = J 2 + 2 +
x

(3) . , ,
.
,
,
(Vernotte P., . ., . .,
. ., Coleman B., Curtin M. E., Pipkin A. C., Day W. A., Norwood F. R.,
Nunzioto J. W. [2]).
,
,
( . ., . ., . ., . ., . ., . . [2]).
[3] (3) .
.
(3)
L R c .
129


2u = J

2u
2

u
x

u b
b D + u
= 0,
x D x = L

= 0;

x
x =0
.

u
u b
= 0;
+ u
= 0,
x x =0
x D x = L
u
u r =0 < ;
= 0.
r r = R

: u t =0 = 0;

1 2 , .
. 2 (3)
, . 1. R = 0.02 .
a

0.06

0.1

0.04
0.02

u t =t = c ( x ) u t =t = c ( x, r ) .
k

2 10 5

t, c

u (t , x ) = const F1 (t) F2 ( x ) + F0 ( x, t ) ,
g

u (t , x, r ) =
m

const F1 (t) F2 ( x ) F3 (r ) + F0 ( x, t) .
g

( 1)
( 2 t* = 3600 c ) . 1.
a

2
0.15

0.1
0.1
2

1
0.05

1 10 -3

R,

. 2.
:
;
;
2 10-3
t = 20

0.15

0.1

5 10

t, c

x = 0.08

1. Maxwell J. C. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London. 1867. V. 157.

P. 253260.
2. . . : . . .. . , 2006.

130

131

. 1. :

a t = tk = 100 ,
L = 0.1 , D = 10- 4 2 / , u0 = 0, uL = 0.15 ;

 ,
. ., 2007
3. - / .
. . . .: , 2004. 826 .

xj ,
F(xj) > xi ; j = 1,..., Pi , i = 1,, K.

Pi

xlj (F ( x j ) - xi )LS

7 2007 .

541.12.012.2:539.213
. . ( ())


.
.
,
. , 043E.

y (x) xl (x ) . y (x) .
xl (x ) [2]. -.
, , [1].
y (x) x l (x) .

y(x) xi
Pi

y (x i ) =

( F ( x j ) - xi )
j =1

Si
132

(1)

xl (xi ) =

j =1
si

(F (x j ) - xi )LS
j =1

(2)

1, F ( x j ) xi
LS =
0, F ( x j ) < xi .
- . U,
. U , .
- , . , i, i . G = U X i
.

. ,
2- ,
. ,
.

L (i)( xr) xrX (i)

L(x) =
r
r
r
r
L(i+1)( x) xX (i) I X (i+1), L (i +1)( x) > L(i)( x) .

(3)

r
1- x X (i ) I X (i + 1) .
d + , d -
g = 0.95 Yj =L(xj )
133

d = Y j D,
r
r
1 x j - x
D = t s 1+ +
n
nDx
a

(4)

t a ; s

; S; Dx
.
-

r
r
L(i ) ( x ) - L(i +1) ( x ) R ,
(5)

r
x X (i ) I X (i +1) , R

(6)
R > D i + D i +1.
r
r
N i Li(x); N i : (1i, 2i, , ni).

j,
cos(a ij ) cos(a i +1 j ) < 0,
(7)

1.
x k , . . .
2. G ,
, S,
. . i Ni
; xl S , l = 1,..., Ni
, L( xl ) =Yl ; .
3. n, . . xl ,
f ( x1 ) > x k ,
, : xl Yl
x k :

xk d- ; d+ ,
d Yl,

~
Yl = Yl + s .

(8)

s ms = 0, S s

a ij .

IV.
I. .
,
.
II. i N . N .
(3), . i .
III.
(4), (6).
. i = i + 1,
II IV.

[1]. y* .
- 1- , -

134

135

3S s = 2D ,
(4).
IV. (1) (2) yi (x)
xil (x) Xi U.
U, , y (x k )
y ( x k ) = y i ( x k ),
i

~
xl (x k ) = ~
xil (x k ) ,
i

l = 1,..., n.

 . [1, 4],
. .
x

y
1.099106
1.176241
1.366315
1.787573
1.796398
1.963108
2.07424
2.145666
2.196342
2.325151
2.493005
2.587505
2.896138
3.008693
3.465628
3.490618
3.535484
3.56615
3.572679
3.636381

10.75808
10.76098
11.85306
13.9272
13.43947
14.38346
10.95959
11.21324
11.41777
11.00977
10.76212
10.45014
10.02973
15.31816
16.43635
16.19752
16.27
16.46328
16.4687
15.68643

18
16
y = 4.3852x + 5.8047
R 2 = 0.9844

14

y = 1.4213x + 11.191
R 2 = 0.4464

12

10

y = -1.4738x + 14.354
R 2 = 0.8274

(y)

(2)

(3)

0
0

,
. ., 2007

1. . ., . . . .: , 1987. 320 .
2. . . . .: , 1983. 255 .
3. . ., . ., . .
. ,
734 2004 25.03.04.
4. . ., . ., . . // . . . 2004. . 47. . 9. . 4553.
25 2007 .

66.048.05.004.6
EXCEL

, [1, 2] [2, 3] ,
[3, 4] R2 = 0.4447 ,
Y(x) = 82.527 3 826.412 2 + 2749.6 3054.8,
R2 = 0.9388. .
, [3]. [3, 4]
: x = 3.5264; = 16.4652,
x = 3.52774, = 16.436.
, , . [4]. ,
.
136

. . , . . , . . , .
(())


, , .
.
. , .

1. , .
a: Xi
, , 3, 0.5.
b:
L12 L23 (, 137

 - ,
).
m(a1, 2 ) = 1 -

1
0.0393 a15,.20912

(1)

c: .
, ,
. W, i- :
Wi = 1, Wi = 0.
, 1.

. ,
Wi
,
(2)
i =1 n
Wi , n
.
d: , ,
, .
,
.
,
,
n

x1

,
, , .
f: , 1 4,
. ,
1.5,
.
, ,
, , , ,
. (n12)/n
. 0 ,
.
3 20, 0.05, 3 4 0.25.
, 1.
:
GM ( f ) = MIN (GM (a ), GM (Ts )) (1-GM ( n1)) ,

(4)

n1 ; n
.

, .

F ( x) =

1
1 + d1 x d 2

(5)

max in= 2 ( xi ) ,

(3)

G ( x) = 1 -

1
1 + d1 x d 2

(6)

.
e: Ts12
, , . ,

(5) (6) d1 d2 ,

; x

138

139

 ( ,
). d1 d2 1
. 1.
1

1

0.8
F(x)
2.0
G(x)
2.0
G(x)
0.5
F(x)
1.01
G(x)

R1

a
b L12
b L23
c
d

0.8
0.2
0.5
0.7
0.1

0.5
1.5
1.5
0.05
0.8

0.1
0.8
0.9
0.2
0.8

0.2

0.7

20

G(x)

53.25831

1.60977

f L12

0.3

1.5

0.7

2.0

G(x)

25.30189

5.88357

f Ts12

0.2

0.7

20

G(x)

53.25831

1.60977

0.7

0.05

0.3

0.25

F(x)

10.02959

1.0519

n1

R2

1
2
49.31734
7.62312
198.790
9.6351
22.10984
7.63654
7.83246
0.96947
0.29145
5.41733

2.
. , , n
, , .
.
: , ,
(1 n > = 0.5).
b:
, , . .
Li, i + 1 2.
: , . , 1.
d1 d2 2 . 2.
140

2

2

1
2

R1

R2

0.5

0.5

0.9

G(x)

0.42738

0.22622

0.7

0.3

F(x)

0.02362

4.18069

0.05

0.7

0.5

0.2

G(x)

7.83325

0.96961

0.2

20

0.7

G(x)

53.33962

1.61028

1.5

0.2

2.0

0.8

G(x)

197.21468

9.62362

3. ,
.
:
, ,
i i + 1 max(Li, i + 1)
1.5.
b: . 3 , (
), 1 2.

, F() = 1 ,
:
n

Wi = 0.

i =1

(7)

X1, Xlk, Xnk, Xn

max
.
c: 1, ,
. c 3 ,
. 141

 c (0.5 1/j), j
; 1/2 (. . ) 0 2/3 0.17.
d: 1 2. ,
1 , 2 ,
3 .
: , . , , ,
j -1

xi 0.5 ,

(8)

j 1 ; j .
e

j -1

(0.5 - xi ) 2 ,

(9)

.
50/50
.
,
3.
GM(e) = 0.1.
d1 d2 3 . 3.
4. , () . ,
.
5. ()
, . /
142

,
. ., 2007
(, , ), .
3

3

R1

R2

a
b
c

0.5
0.05
0.17

0.7
0.7
0.7

1.01
0.5
0.25

0.4
0.2
0.3

F(x)
F(x)
F(x)

0.01

0.7

0.04

0.1

F(x)

1
2
1.47365
1.78113
7.83325
0.96961
1021.26186
4.38687
10483.0452

2.1934

1. - / . . .
.: , 1986. . 133143.
2. . ., . ., . ., . // -9. . , 1995. . 2. . 77.
3. Probleme der modernen chemischen Technologie / Herausgeber Prof.
Dr. K. Hartmann. AkademieVerlagBerlin, 1980. S. 206212.
27 2007 .

658.012.011.56
. . , . . , . . , . .
( ())



MATHAD
--. .
143

 --
. ,
[4]. . 1 2 .

. 1.
()

L1( t ) y 12 - V1 vb ( y 1 , y 2) - W ( t ) y 1

M9

L1( t ) y 20 - V1 vt ( y 1 , y 2) - W ( t ) y 2

M9

V vb ( y 5 , y 13) - ( L + D) y 3

M0

V vt ( y 5 , y 13) - ( L + D) y 4

M0

L ( y 3 - y 5) + V ( vb ( y 6 , y 14) - vb ( y 5 , y 13) )

L ( y 5 - y 6) + V ( vb ( y 7 , y 15) - vb ( y 6 , y 14) )

L ( y 6 - y 7) + V ( vb ( y 8 , y 16) - vb ( y 7 , y 15) )

L ( y 7 - y 8) + V ( vb ( y 9 , y 17) - vb ( y 8 , y 16) )

f1( t) BF + L y 8 - L1( t) y 9 + V1 vb ( y 10 , y 18) - V vb ( y 9 , y 17)

L1( t ) ( y 9 - y 10) + V1 ( vb ( y 11 , y 19) - vb ( y 10 , y 18) )

M
d ( t , y ) :=
L1( t ) ( y 10 - y 11) + V1 ( vb ( y 12 , y 20) - vb ( y 11 , y 19) )

L1( t ) ( y 11 - y 12) + V1 ( vb ( y 1 , y 2) - vb ( y 12 , y 20) )

L ( y 4 - y 13) + V ( vt ( y 6 , y 14) - vt ( y 5 , y 13) )

L ( y 13 - y 14) + V ( vt ( y 7 , y 15) - vt ( y 6 , y 14) )

L ( y 14 - y 15) + V ( vt ( y 8 , y 16) - vt ( y 7 , y 15) )

L ( y 15 - y 16) + V ( vt ( y 9 , y 17) - vt ( y 8 , y 16) )

f1( t ) TF + L y 16 - L1( t ) y 17 + V1 vt ( y 10 , y 18) - V vt ( y 9 , y 17)

L1( t ) ( y 17 - y 18) + V1 ( vt ( y 11 , y 19) - vt ( y 10 , y 18) )

L1( t ) ( y 18 - y 19) + V1 ( vt ( y 12 , y 20) - vt ( y 11 , y 19) )

L1( t ) ( y 19 - y 20) + V1 ( vt ( y 1 , y 2) - vt ( y 12 , y 20) )

z := Rkadapt ( y , 0 , 1000
, 1000d), d )
50, 1000,

. 2.
()
144

145

 . 3.

. 4. :
-;

:
f 1(t ) =

0 if (t > 12) (t < 16)

50 otherwise .

. 3.
:
-;

. 56.

t
f 1(t ) = 50 + 5 sin(p )
3
.
. 4.
146

. 5.

147

 ,
. ., 2007
. .

1. . . . .:
, 1971.
2. Blass E. Entwicklung Verfahrenstechnischer Prozesse. Salzburg:
Otto Salle Verlag, 1989.
3. Stichlmair J. Kennzahlen und Ahnlichkeitsgesetze im Ingenieurwesen.
Essen: Altos. 1990.
4. . ., . ., . . / --
// , . .
. .: . ., 2007. ( ).
27 2007 .

. 6. :
-;

658.012.011.56
. . , . . , . . , . .
( ())

,
F = 50 R = 5
: - .
, ,
, - , , .
-, .
,

MATHAD
--. .

148

149

--

. . 1 .
. -


,
.

. 1. :
1 ; 2 -;
3 ; 4

i- ,

(1)
M n d ( X in ) / dt = L ( X in -1 - X in ) + V (Yin -1 - Yin ) .
i- ,

M n d ( X in ) / dt = L1( X in -1 - X in ) + V 1(Yin-1 - Yin ) ,

(2)

i = 1, 2, 3.
-
M 9 d ( X 9 ) / dt = L1 X 8 - V 1 Y9 - W X 9 .

(3)

ai
150

Yn =

a Xn
.
1 + (a - 1) X n

(4)

: V = V1; D = V/(R+1); L = V D; L1 = L + F;
W = L1 V1.
:
M , ; L , /;
X , /; Y ,
/; V , /; R ;
a , /; D , /;
18 ; F .
:
F = 50 ; BF = 0.6, TF = 0.25
; R = 5 ; a1 = 2.75, a2 = 1, a3 = 0.4 ; V1=150 .
: 0 ,
1 8 , 9 -.
0 9 :
0 = 0.967, 1 = 0.914, 2 = 0.813, 3 = 0.651, 4 = 0.457, 5 = 0.289;
6 = 0.137, 7 = 0.056, 8 = 0.02, 9 = 0.006;
0 9 :
0 = 0.0325, 1 = 0.0849, 2 = 0.185, 3 = 0.343, 4 = 0.522, 5 = 0.649;
6 = 0.781, 7 = 0.817, 8 = 0.755, 9 = 0.594;
M0 = 75, M9 = 150, M = 30 .
- -.
. 2 3 .
. 4.
-

-.
:
151

f 1(t ) =

0 if (t > 12) (t < 16)

50 otherwise .

(5)

y :=

. 2.
()

0.967

0.0325

0.914
0.085

0.651

0.457
0.287

0.137
0.056

0.02

0.0849
0.185

0.343

0.522
0.649

0.781
0.817

0.755
0.006
0.594

L1( y 1 , t ) y 12 - V1 vb ( y 1 , y 2) - W ( y 1 , t ) y 1

M9

L1( y 1 , t ) y 20 - V1 vt ( y 1 , y 2) - W ( y 1 , t ) y 2

M9

V vb ( y 5 , y 13) - ( L( y 1 , t ) + D( y 1 , t ) ) y 3

M0

V vt ( y 5 , y 13) - ( L( y 1 , t ) + D( y 1 , t ) ) y 4

M0

L( y 1 , t ) ( y 3 - y 5) + V ( vb ( y 6 , y 14) - vb ( y 5 , y 13) )

L( y 1 , t ) ( y 5 - y 6) + V ( vb ( y 7 , y 15) - vb ( y 6 , y 14) )

L( y 1 , t ) ( y 6 - y 7) + V ( vb ( y 8 , y 16) - vb ( y 7 , y 15) )

L( y 1 , t ) ( y 7 - y 8) + V ( vb ( y 9 , y 17) - vb ( y 8 , y 16) )

f1( t) BF + L( y 1 , t) y 8 - L1( y1 , t) y9 + V1 vb ( y10 , y18) - V vb ( y9 , y17)

L1( y 1 , t ) ( y 9 - y 10) + V1 ( vb ( y 11 , y 19) - vb ( y 10 , y 18) )

M
d ( t , y ) :=
L1( y 1 , t) ( y 10 - y 11) + V1 ( vb ( y 12 , y 20) - vb ( y 11 , y 19) )

L1( y 1 , t ) ( y 11 - y 12) + V1 ( vb ( y 1 , y 2) - vb ( y 12 , y 20) )

L( y 1 , t ) ( y 4 - y 13) + V ( vt ( y 6 , y 14) - vt ( y 5 , y 13) )

L
y
,
t

y
y
+
V
( vt ( y 7 , y 15) - vt ( y 6 , y 14) )
(
)
(
)
1
13
14

L( y 1 , t ) ( y 14 - y 15) + V ( vt ( y 8 , y 16) - vt ( y 7 , y 15) )

L( y 1 , t ) ( y 15 - y 16) + V ( vt ( y 9 , y 17) - vt ( y 8 , y 16) )

f1( t) TF + L( y 1 , t) y 16 - L1( y 1 , t) y 17 + V1 vt ( y10 , y 18) - V vt ( y9 , y17)

L1( y 1 , t ) ( y 17 - y 18) + V1 ( vt ( y 11 , y 19) - vt ( y 10 , y 18) )

L1( y 1 , t ) ( y 18 - y 19) + V1 ( vt ( y 12 , y 20) - vt ( y 11 , y 19) )

L1( y 1 , t ) ( y 19 - y 20) + V1 ( vt ( y 1 , y 2) - vt ( y 12 , y 20) )

z := Rkadapt ( y , 0 , 500, 500, d )

. 3.
()
152

153

. 5.
:
-;

-
.

. 4.
:
-;

. 5.

1. . ., . ., . ., . .
// . . 1998. . 41. . 2.
. 115.
2. . . . .:
, 1971.
3. Blass E. Entwicklung Verfahrenstechnischer Prozesse. Salzburg:
Otto Salle Verlag, 1989.
27 2007 .

154

155

,
. ., 2007
519.7; 519.3

. Df ( x ) = [ d f ( x ), d f ( x )]

. . ()

f x ;
d f ( x )

[1] :

F1e ( y, d ) =

r (ai , y, d )
max 0,
+
iI
r (ai , y, d ) + e
2

r (ai , y, d )
F2e ( y, d ) = max 0,
+

iI
r (ai , y, d ) + e

- r b j , y, d
max
0
,

;
jJ
r b j , y, d + e

- r (b j , y , d )

max
0
,

.
(
)
,
,
+
e
r
b
y
d
jJ

d f ( x ) R n +1

d f ( x ) R n +1 ,

wA vB

vB wA

r( A, B )
A
B ( ).
A B
sup inf v - w

wA vB

( ), sup inf v - w

vB wA

B A ( ).
a( x ) x0 ,
r(a( x ), a( x0 )) x
0.
x
0

f ( x + D ) = f ( x ) + F x (D ) + o x (D ) ,

F x (D ) =

r( A, B ) = sup inf v - w + sup inf v - w .

X R n x X . ,

f , X , x ,

, d f ( x) .
f x ,
Df . f

x , x ( ) Df .
1. A R n , B R n .

F1e ( y, d ) , [2]. .

(3) D S = D R n | || D || = 1 ,
, f x

max [a + (v, D )] + min [b + (w, D )],

[a ,v ] d f ( x )
[b, w] d f ( x )
o x (a D )
0 " D R n .
a0
a

(1)
(2)
(3)

a, b R1; v, w R n . , ,
co{ x, x + D } X .
156

(1)(2) , x x ,

Fx (D ) = f ( x ) + F x (D ). f x , Fx (D ) f x . Fx (D ), , x , 157

 , , f .

j J

1 (. [3], . 196). ji , i I = 1, N ,
( ) x ,

f1( y ) = max ji ( y ) f 2 ( y ) = min ji ( y )
iI
iI

( ) ,

Df1( x ) = d f1( x ), d f1( x ) , Df 2 ( x ) = d f 2 ( x ), d f 2 ( x ) ,

f1i =

f1i =

d f 2 ( x ) = d ji ( x ) ;

j
d F1e ( y ) = co - max 0, 1i , 0 n , 0 ;
iI
j 2i

j12i
j 22i

j1i | j1i |
j 22i

j
j1i
- max 0, 1i , 0 n , 0 ;

j 2i
j 2i

(4)

. F1e ( y ) .
:

iI

1 F1e ( y, d ).
2. F1e ( y )

y12j y1 j | y1 j | y1 j
y1 j
y1 j
y1 j

, - 2b j
,- 2
+
+
- max 0,

.
y2
y2 j
y 2 j
y 22 j
y 22 j
y 22 j
2j

d f1 ( x ) = d ji ( x );

d f 2 ( x ) = co d j k ( x ) - d ji ( x ) +{[jk ( x ) - f 2 ( x ),0 n ]} k I .

iI \{k }

y12j y1 j | y1 j | y1 j

y1 j
+
+
- max 0,
, 0n , 0 ;

y2

y2 j
y 2 j
y 22 j
2j

d f1 ( x ) = co d j k ( x ) - d ji ( x ) +{[jk ( x ) - f1 ( x ),0 n ]} k I ;

iI \{k }

iI

1j
co - max 0,
, 0n , 0 ;
y

2j

f2 j =

y1 j
y2 j

- r (b j , y, d )
r ( ai , y, d )
; f1 j =
| r (ai , y, d ) | + e
| r (b j , y, d ) | + e ;

j1i
, j1i = r (ai , y, d ); j 2i = | r (ai , y, d ) | + e;
j 2i

, y1 j = - r (b j , y, d ); y 2 j = | r (b j , y, d ) | + e ;
F1i = max{ 0, f1i }; F2 j = max{0, f 2 j }.

F1e ( y ) =

d F1e ( y ) =

F1i + F2 j .

iI

jJ

d F1i + d F2 j ; d F1e ( y ) = d F1i + d F2 j ;

iI

jJ

iI

jJ

d F1i = co d 0 - d f1i + (0 - F1i , 0, 0 ); d f1i - d 0 + ( f1i - F1i , 0, 0 ) ;

j d j - j1i d j2i
d f1i = 2i 1i
.
j22i

j12i j1i | j1i | j1i

j j
j

+
+
- max 0, 1i , 2 12i ai , 2 12i +
2
j2
j 2i
j 2i
j2i
j 2i j 2 i
2i

j1i = r (ai , y, d ) = ai , y + d , j1i

, ,

158

159

 j j
d j1i = 0, 1i , 1i = (0, ai ,1);
y d

dj1i = (0, 0n , 0);

j
j
+ 1i - max 0, 1i , 0 n , 0 = co- max 0, 1i , 0 n , 0;

j 2i
j 2i

j 2i

j2i =| r (ai , y, d ) | + e = max{r (ai , y, d ), - r (ai , y, d )} + e =

j1i
j j
j

- max 0, 1i , 12i ai , 12i j

j2i
j 2 i j 2i
2i

= max{j1i , - j1i } + e = max{j1i + e, - j1i + e};

dj2i = co d (j1i + e ) - d (- j1i + e ) + [(j1i + e ) - j2i , 0n , 0];

d (- j1i + e ) - d (j1i + e ) + [(- j1i + e ) - j2i , 0n , 0] =

j1i
j22i

= co{(0, ai ,1) - (0, 0n , 0 ) + [j1i + e/- | r (ai , y, d ) | -e/, 0n , 0];

j
= co- max 0, 1i , 0 n , 0;

j 2i

(0, - ai , - 1) - (0, 0n , 0) + [- j1i + e/ - | r (ai , y, d ) | -e/, 0n , 0]} =

= co{ (0, ai ,1) + (r (ai , y, d )- | r (ai , y, d ) |, 0n , 0 );

j
j j
j
- - 1i - max 0, 1i , 12i ai , 12i +
j 2i
j2i
j 2i j 2i

(0, - ai , - 1) + (- r (ai , y, d )- | r (ai , y, d ) |, 0n , 0)} =

= co{(r ( ai , y, d ) - | r ( ai , y , d ) |, ai ,1), (- r (ai , y, d ) - | r ( ai , y , d ) |, ai ,1)};
d j 2i = d (j1i + e ) + d (- j1i + e ) = (0, 0 n , 0 ) ;
d f1i =

j1i
j22i

j 2i d j1i - j1i d j 2i
j 22i

(0, ai ,1) - j12i co{(j1i - | j1i |, ai ,1), (- j1i - | j1i |, - ai , - 1)};

j 2i

d f1i =

j2i dj1i - j1i dj2i

j22i

d F1i = co - d f1i + {- F1i , 0 n , 0}; d f1i + { f1i - F1i , 0 n , 0} =

j
= co- max 0, 1i , 0 n , 0;

j 2i

j1i
j22i

(0, ai ,1) -

j1i
j22i

co{(j1i - | j1i |, ai ,1), (- j1i - | j1i |, - ai , - 1)} +

160

=
{
(
j
|
j
|,
,
1
)
,
(
j
|
j
|,
,
1
)
}
co
a
a
1
1
1
1
i
i
i
i
i
i

j22i

j
j
j
j
= co- max 0, 1i , 0 n , 0 - co 12i (j1i - | j1i |), 12i ai , 12i ;

j 2i
j2i
j 2i
j2i
+

j1i

j j
j
j
- 1i - max 0, 1i , 12i ai , 12i = co - max 0, 1i , 0 n , 0 ;
j

j 2i
j 2i j 2i
j 2i

2i

= (0, 0 n , 0 ).

co{(j1i - | j1i |, ai ,1), (- j1i - | j1i |, - ai , - 1)} =

j
j j
j
j j
j
- co 12i (j1i - | j1i |), 12i ai , 12i - 1i - max 0, 1i , 12i ai , 12i ;

j
j 2i
j 2i j 2i
j 2i
j 2i j 2i
2i

j1i
j
j j
j
j j

(
- j1i - | j1i |), - 1i ai , - 1i - 1i - max 0, 1i , 1i ai , 1i =
j2
j2i j22i j22i
j22i
j22i j2i
2i

= co - max 0, 1i , 0n , 0 ;

j2i

161

 j
j
j
j j
j j
- co 1i (j1i - | j1i |), 1i ai , 1i - 1i - max 0, 1i , 1i ai , 1i ;
j2
j2i j22i
j22i
j22i
j22i j2i
2i
j1i
j
j j
j
j j

(
- j1i - | j1i |), - 1i ai , - 1i - 1i - max 0, 1i , 1i ai , 1i
j2
j2i j22i
j22i
j22i j2i
j22i
2i

= co - max 0, 1i , 0n , 0 ;
j2i

j
j
- co 1i (j1i - | j1i |) - 1i + max 0, 1i , 0n , 0 ;
j2

j2i
j2i

2i
j1i
j
j
j
j

(
- j1i - | j1i |) - 1i + max 0, 1i , - 2 1i ai , - 2 1i =
j2
j2i
j2i
j22i
j22i
2i

j
= co - max0, 1i , 0n , 0 ;

j2i

j
j
- co 12i (j1i - | j1i |) - 1i + max0, 1i , 0n , 0 ;

j
j2i
j2i

2i

j1i
j1i
j1i
j1i
j1i

a
j
|
j
|
max
0
,
,
2
,
2
+
(
)
=

1
i
1
i
i
2
2
j2
j
j
j
j

i
i
2
2

2i
2i
2i

j
= co - max 0, 1i , 0 n , 0 ;

j2i

j2 j | j | j

j
- co 1i - 1i 1i - 1i + max 0, 1i , 0n , 0 ;

j2
j2i
j2i
j22i

2i
162

j12i j1i | j1i | j1i

j
j
j
+ max 0, 1i , - 2 1i ai , - 2 1i =
j2
j2i
j2i
j22i
j22i
j22i

2i

j
= co - max 0, 1i , 0n , 0 ;

j 2i

j12i j1i | j1i | j1i

j
co +
+
- max 0, 1i , 0n , 0 ;

j 2i
j22i
j 2i
j22i

j12i j1i | j1i | j1i

j
j j

+
+
- max 0, 1i , 2 1i ai , 2 1i =
j2
j 2i
j2i j22i
j22i
j22i
2i

j
= co - max 0, 1i , 0 n , 0 ;

j 2i

j2 j | j | j

j
co - 12i + 1i 2 1i + 1i - max 0, 1i , 0 n , 0 ;

j 2i
j 2i
j 2i
j 2i

j12i j1i | j1i | j1i

j1i j1i
j1i

+
+
max
0
,
,
2
,
2
a

=
i
2
j2
j 2i
j 22i
j22i
j 2i j 2i
2i

= co - max 0, 1i , 0n , 0 ;
j2i

j12i j1i | j1i | j1i

j
+
+
- max 0, 1i , 0n , 0 ;
j2

j2i
j2i
j22i

2i
j12i j1i | j1i | j1i
j
j j

+
+
- max 0, 1i , 2 1i ai , 2 1i ;
j2
j2i
j2i j22i
j22i
j22i
2i
d F1i = d 0 + d f1i = (0, 0n , 0) .
163

 d F2 j , d F2 j :
y1 j y1 j
= (0, - b j , - 1);
,
dy1 j = 0,
dy1 j = (0, 0n , 0) ;
y
d

d F2 j = d 0 + d f 2 j = (0, 0n , 0 ).
, - F1e ( y ) :

y 2 j =| -r (b j , y, d ) | + e = max{- r (b j , y, d ), r (b j , y, d )}+ e =

j
d F1e ( y ) = co - max 0, 1i , 0 n , 0 ;
iI
j 2i

= max{y1 j , - y1 j }+ e = max{y1 j + e, - y1 j + e};

j12i j1i | j1i | j1i

j1i
;
max
0
,
,
0
,
0
+
+

n
2
j2

j
j
j

2
2
i
i

2i
2i

dy 2 j = co d (y ji + e ) - d (- y1 j + e ) + [(y1 j + e ) - y 2 j , 0n , 0] ;

d (- y1 j + e ) - d (y1 j + e ) + [(- y1 j + e ) - y 2 j , 0n , 0] =

j12i j1i | j1i | j1i

j1i j1i
j1i

max
0
,
,
2
,
2
+
+
a

+
2 i
j2
j 2i
j22i
j 22i
j 2i j 2i
2i

= co{(0, - b j , - 1) - (0, 0n , 0) + [y j + e/- | r (b j , y, d ) | -e/, 0n , 0] ;

(0, b j ,1) - (0, 0n , 0) + [- y1 j + e/- | r (b j , y, d ) | -e/, 0n , 0]} =

(0, b j ,1) + (r (b j , y, d ) - r (b j , y, d ) ,0 n ,0)} =

y1 j
= co - max 0,
, 0 n , 0 ;

y 2 j

y1 j
y 22 j

y12j y1 j | y1 j | y1 j

y1 j
;
max
0
,
,
0
,
0
+
+

n
2
y2

y
y

y
2j
2j
2j
2j

co{(y1 j - | y1 j |, - b j , - 1) , (- y1 j - | y1 j |, b j ,1)}+

y1 j
y2 j
y 2 j y1 j
- max 0,
+ 0, - 2 b j , - 2 +
,
0
,
0
n =

y
y

y2 j
y2 j 2 j
2j

y1 j
= co - max 0,
, 0n , 0 ;

y 2 j

y12j y1 j | y1 j | y1 j

y1 j

+
+
- max 0,
,
0
,
0
n ;
2
y2
y
y

y2 j
2j
2j

2j

y12j y1 j | y1 j | y1 j
y1 j
y1 j
y1 j

+
+
- max 0,
, - 2b j
,- 2

;
2
y2 j
y 2 j
y 22 j
y 22 j
y 22 j
y2 j
164

y1 j
co
- max 0,
, 0 n , 0 ;
y 2 j
jJ

y12 j y1 j | y1 j | y1 j
y1 j
y1 j
y1 j

max
0
,
,
2
,
2
+
+
b
,

j
y2
y2 j
y 2 j
y 22 j
y 22 j
y 22 j
2j

j1i = r (ai , y, d ); j2i =| r (ai , y, d ) | + e ;

y1 j = - r (b j , y, d ); y 2 j =| r (b j , y, d ) | + e .

d F1e ( y ) = (0, 0n , 0).

, , .
2. , , . .
165

 ,
. ., 2007

1. . .
// , : . . . . / .
12. ., 2006. . 218234.
2. . . // : . XXXIV . .
. .: , 2003. . 268271.
3. . ., . . . .: , 1990. 432 .
17 2007 .

. 1. ,

624.073-422.11:624.042.62

V M,
, . 2.

. . , . . ( (
))
, ,


, , .


.

,
2 , q , (. 1).
N,
, ,
V=

qpa 2
.
N

166

(1)

. 2.

, . 2, , b
(a b).
, ,
M.
V M ,
167

D 4 w = q - V

d(r - b ) N
M d(r - b ) N
d(j - nj0 ) +
d(j - nj0 ), (2)
r
r
r
n =1
n =1

2 1 1 2 2 w 1 w 1 2 w

4 w =
+
+
+
+
r 2 r r r 2 j2 r 2 r r r 2 j2

.
, - 2,
, w
w=

1
m = 0
2p
am =
(7)
1 cos mnj

1
.
m
0
p
m ( n0) am,
N, , m = kN (k = 1, 2, 3,).
cos mn0 = cos knN0 = cos kn2 k ,
cos mn0 = 1.
- ,
j(r )d(r - b ) = j(b )d(r - b );
j(r )dr (r - b ) = j(b )dr (r - b ) - jr (b )d(r - b ) ,

wm (r ) cos mj

(3)

m=0

(2)
m,
:
q
a
d(r - b ) am
1 dd(r - b )
4 w = m - m VN
+
MN
(m = 0, 1, 2, ...), (4)
D D
r
D
r
dr

d 2 1 d m 2 d 2 wm 1 dwm m 2

=
4w = 2 +
- 2
+
w
m
2
dr
dr 2

r
dr
r
dr
r
r

(5)
d
d
d
d m

= r m -1 r1- 2m r 2m -1 r1- 2 m
r wm ,
dr
dr
dr
dr

(4)
m q -
( n0).
qm q :
q
m = 0

qm =
(6)
0
m 1.

am

168

d(j - nj0 )

n =1

(8)

, (r) = 1/r, (4)

:
r m -1

d 1 d 2m -1 d 1 d m
r wm

r
dr r 2m -1 dr
dr r 2 m -1 dr

) =

q
a
d(r - b ) am
d (r - b ) d(r - b )
MN r
.
= m - m qpa 2
+
+
D D
b
D
(9)
b
b 2
(9) (5) (1). (9)
(m = 0) (m 1).
(m = 0)
(9) m = 0
qm am, (6) (7) m = 0
:
1 d d 1 d dw0
r
=
r
r dr dr r dr dr
=

q qa 2 d(r - b ) M N dr (r - b ) d(r - b )
+
+
.
D 2D
b
D 2p b
b 2
169

(10)

 (10),
dw0/dr w0.

dw0 qr
qa r b
r
=
- H (r - b )
+ 2 ln - 1 +
2

8D r
dr 16 D
b
3

+ H (r - b )

qr 4
qa 2b 2 r 2 r r 2
- H (r - b )
+ 1 ln - + 1 +

64 D
8D b 2 b b 2
MNb r 2
r
r2
r
2
ln
1
ln
+ H (r - b )
+
C
+
C
+ C4 ,
2
3
8pD b 2
4
b
b

MN
b
1 + n + (1 - n )
- H (r - b )
4pb
r

+ C 1+ n ,
2

qb4 qa 2b2
MNb
A1 +
B1,
64 D
4D
8pD

(15)

, . . r = b:
Ml
dwm
=
.

(16)
dr r =b EI
(11) (15)

(12)

qb3
qa 2b
N 1 - n b 2
Ml
M=

1+
2

EI
16 D 4(1 + n )D 4pD 1 + n a

(13)

M1,0(r)

2
d 2 w n dw0
= - qr (3 + n ) +
M1,0 (r ) = - D 20 +
dr
16
r dr

qa 2
r 1 - n b 2
1+ H (r - b )
(1 + n ) ln +
4
2 r 2
b

C4 = -

(11)

H(r b) .
, , . . r = 0,
C3 = 0. , , 1 = 0.
2 4
,
w0 (b ) = M 1,0 (a ) = 0.

qa 2
MN
A1 B1;
D
2pDb

2
1 3+ n 1
1- n b
a 1 - n b 2
1 - 2 ; B1 =
+ 1.
+ 2 ln +
A1 = -

8 1 + n 4
1+ n a
b 1 + n a

w0 =

170

C2 =

1
MN r b
r
- + C2 + C3 ;
4pD b r
2
r

(13), 2 4.

.
1 1 a 2 Dl N
M = qb3 +
A /
+
B .
(17)
16 2 b 2 1 EI 4p 1

(m = N, 2N,)
(5)(7)

r m -1
=

d 1- 2 m d 2 m -1 d 1- 2 m d m
r
r wm
r
r
dr
dr
dr
dr

) =

qa 2 d(r - b ) M N dr (r - b ) d(r - b )
+
D
b
D p b
b 2

(m = n,2 N ,...) .

(18)

(18) r1 m,
(14)

d 1- 2m d 2 m -1 d 1- 2m d m
r
r wm
r
r
dr
dr
dr
dr
=

) =

qa 2 d(r - b ) M N - m
m

b dr (r - b ) + d(r - b ).
m
D
D p
b

171

(19)

 (19) (8).
(19),
wm = C1m r m + 2 + C2m r 2 - m + C3m r m + C4m r - m + H (r - b )

qa 2b2

8Dm(m - 1)

m - 1 r - m r m + 2 r m r 2- m
MNb

-
+ -
+ H (r - b )
8pD
b
b
m + 1 b

b
-m
m+2
m
2- m
m-2r
1 m - 1 m + 2 r

r
r

.
(m - 1) m + 1 m b
m b
b
b

- H (r - b )

2- m
-m
m - 1 m + 2 b m + 2
b m - 2 b
b

d13
+ d12 d11
+ d14 m . (22)

m
r
r
r
r
m + 1 m

d11, d12, d13, d14 ,

:
d12 = (m + 1) [2(1 + n ) + m(1 - n )] ; d14 = (m - 1) [2(1 + n ) - m(1 - n )] .

(20)

dwm
qa 2 r
= C1m (m + 2 )r m +1 + C3m mr m-1 + H (r - b )

dr
8 Dm(m - 1)
m
m-2
-m
m - 1 r - m
r
r
r

+ (m - 2 ) +
- m - (m + 2 ) + m
b
b
b
m + 1 b
m +1
- m -1
m +1
1- m
MN m + 2 r
m - 2 r
r
r
+ H (r - b )

b
m
b
8pD m + 1 b
1

b (21)

C1m C3m

M1(a ) = Q(a ) +

= - DC1m d12 r m - DC3m d11r m - 2 - H (r - b )

H = D(1 - n )

2- m
m
-m
m - 1 b m + 2
b
b
b

- d12 + d11
+ d14 d13
r
r
r
m + 1 r

MN
172

m dwm m

- wm ;

r dr
r

d 2
d d 2 wm 1 dwm m2
.
Q = - D wm = - D
+
w
m

dr
dr dr 2
r dr
r2

:
C1m =

qa 2b- m
MNb - m -1
A1m +
B1m ,
8Dm(m - 1)
8pD(m - 1)

C3m = -

qa

8m(m - 1)

m
H (a ) = 0,
a

d13 = m(m + 1) (1 - n );

d11 = m(m - 1) (1 - n ) ;

C2m = C4m = 0.
(20)

d 2 wm n dwm m 2

M1m = - D
+
wm =
2

r dr
r

dr

MN 1

8pb (m - 1)

A1m

qa 4 - m
MNa 2b - m -1
A3m B3m ,
8Dpm(m - 1)
8Dp(m - 1)

2m + 2
d b 2 m
m - 1 d 22 b
=
+ 1 + 23 ,

m + 1 d 21 a
d 21 a

A2 m =

-m
2-m
m+ 2
m
m -1 b
b
b
b
- d12 + d11
+ d14 ,
d13
m + 1 a
a
a
a

A3m =

1 a
d12 A1m + A2 m ,
d11 b

173

(23)

 ,
. ., 2007

B1m

2m + 2
d b 2m
m - 1 m + 2 d 22 b
=
- 1 + 23 ,

m + 1
m d 21 a
d 21 a
m+ 2

B2m =

m -1 m + 2 b
d13

m + 1 m
a

B3m =

1
b
d
B
+
12 1m B2 m ,
d11
a

d 22 = 2m3 (1 - n ) ,

b
+ d12
a

-m

m-2 b
d11
m
a

2- m

b
+ d14 ,
a

d 21 = 2m[m(1 + n ) + 2] ,

d 23 = 2m(m - 1)[m(1 - n ) + 2] .

,

.

. (. . 1)
(1)
p (r) = p0 1 - r2 a 2 , 0 r a.
,
[3]
1+ m
dy
2(1 - m )y - z
,
(2)

2pE
dz
E m ;
1
y = p(r) rdrdj, R = r 2 + z 2 ,
R
s
uz =

2 2007 .

531.44
. . , . . , . . ()

(1) , r = r a z = z a ,

,
.

(. 1),
d m1 E1
m2 E2.

, .
[1],
. [2]
.
d = 0 d =

174

p
21

1 - r 2 r d r dj

00

r2 + z

y = 4 p0 a

y = pp0 a[(1 + z )arcctgz - z ] .

(3) (2)
u z = qp0 aK ( z , m),

(3)
(4)

q = 1 - m 2 E ,
m
z (1 - arcctgz ).
1- m
O (. . 1), z
,
a: 0= + a.
K ( z , m) = arcctg z -

175

 ,
K i (0, m i ) = K i (0 ),

K i (d, m i ) = K i (d ).

wd = q1 p01a[K1 (0 ) - K1 (d )].
, . 2, ,

w A2 = u zA2 = q 2 p02 aK 2 (d );

u zO1 - u zA1
u zA2
.
; c2 =
P1
P2
, . 3, ,
c1 =

P
(u zO1 - u zA1 ) + P u zA2 .
P1
P2
. 4, 4,
w0 =

. 1.

(. . 1) . 3, .

wd = Pc1 , wa = Pc2 , w0 = P(c1 + c2 ),

1, 2 .
m1, 1 m2, 2, P1 P2
(. 2).
P1 P2, 01 02
wd = w1 , wa = w2 .
(. 3, ):
w d = w O 1 - w A1 = u zO 1 - u zA 1 = q1 p O 1 a [K 1 (0 , m 1 ) - K 1 (d , m 1 )],
d = d a .

(5)

P = P1

c1
c2
+ P2
,
c1 + c2
c1 + c2

(6)

c1
c2
+ p02
.
(6)
c1 + c2
c1 + c2
01
0
01:

p0 = p01

q0 p0a[K0 (0) - K0 (d )] = q1 p01a[K1(0) - K1 (d )],

p01 =

q0 K 0 (0 ) - K 0 (d )
p0 .
q1 K1 (0 ) - K1 (d )

(7)

02
z = 0
z = 02:
q0 p0 aK 0 (d ) = q 2 p02 aK 2 (d ), p02 =

q0 K 0 (d )
p0 .
q2 K 2 (d )

(8)

(5)
. 2.

. 3.

176

c1 =

3 q1
[K1(0) - K1 (d )] ,
2 pa
177

(9)

3 q2
3 q1 p01
K 2 (d ) =
K1 (d ) .
2 pa
2 pa p02
(7) (8)
c2 =

3 q2 K 0 (0) - K 0 (d ) K 2 (d )
K1 (d ) .
2 pa K1 (0) - K1 (d ) K 0 d

()

(9)
. 4. : ;
m1, E1; m2, E2

c2 =

(7), (8), (9) (9) (6) ,

K1 (0) = K 0 (0 ) ,
q0 = q1Fd ,

(K (0) - K (d ))2
K 2 (d ) q2
1
1
Fd = K (0) K (0) - K d + K1 d K (d ) q .
(10)
0
1
0
1
0

d = 0 q0 = q2 , d = q0 = q1 , . . .
K d, m = 0.3,, 0.5
, ( 1 %)
1

()

()

( )

m1 - m 2
Fd
1 - q2 q1
(10) F
m 0 = m1 -

Fd0 = Fd m

0 =0.5(m1 +m 2 )

R
(. . 4). [3]

3PRq 3
a=
(11)
.
4
(. . 4, )
P:
w0 = wd + wa .
(. . 4, , )
R P1 P2 1, E1 2, E2 .
178

179

 w0 = w1 + w2 .

3q P
w1 = q0 p01a[K1 (0 ) - K1 (d )] = 1 1 [K1 (0 ) - K1 (d )],
2pa
1

(11) w1 =

6 2 q12 P12 3

1
2p

[K1 (0) - K1 (d )].

w
1 9q 2 3
c1 = 1 = 1 [K1 (0 ) - K1 (d )] .
P1 p 2 RP1
1 2 .
1
3

(12)

1 9q02 P 2 3
[K 0 (0) - K 0 (d )] =
p 2 R

Fd R

(16)

d = 0 q0 = q2 , d = q0 = q1 , . . . , (16) (10) .
(10) (16),
d = 0,..., 20 e = 0 0.2 %, FdR @ Fd = F .

2
F3

w 2 w1 1 9 q12 P12
=
=
K1 d .
(13)
P2 P2 p RP23
P1
z = P
P1:
c 2 =

2
2 q2

(
(
)
)
(
)
(
)
d
d
K
0
K
K
1
2
1

=
+ K 1 (d )
.
K 1 (0 ) K 0 (0 ) - K 0 (d )
K 0 (d ) q1

()

w = w1
p0
1

()

a = a1F 3 ,

p0 = p01F

-2
3

F d . 5.

1 9q12 P12 3
[K1(0) - K1 (d )],
p 2 R
3

q K (0) - K 0 (d ) 2
P.
P1 = 0 0
q1 K1 (0) - K1 (d )

(14)

P2
z = P
P2.
3

q K (d ) 2
P2 = 0 0 P .
q 2 K 2 (d )

(15)

. 5. F d 1 = 2.39 ,
1 = 0.38, 2 = 2.01 , 2 = 0.3

(12), (13), (14) (15) (6) ,

K 0 (0 ) = K1 (0 ) , q 0 = q1 Fd R ,

d = 0 F = q2 q1 , d 0 F 1.
F
d = 0, ..., 5.

180

181

 ,
. ., 2007

1. . .
. .: , 1993. 288 .
2. . .
- // . 1993. . 14. 5. . 250258.
3. . . .: ,
1989. 510 .
4 2007 .

,
.
R ,
uRmax , r, j, z ,
.
W1 (r = 0, a ri ) qc, -

621.891

W2 (r = aci , a L ) , aL >> aci .

. . , . . , . . ()

[36]. ,
.

.

.
. , -
.
.
, [1].
[2]

. ,
182

4hi0.5wRmax

ri2

1 - hi (2 - ri2 ari2 )
qc
, (1)
1arccos
qri (r) =
+
2
2
2
pqaci
p
1 - hi ri ari
ari

8h1i .5 wRmax
qci =
+ qc y h (hi ) ,
3pqaci

y h (hi ) =

2
arcsin hi 0.5 - hi (1 - hi ) .
p

(2)
(3)

w, Rmax , aci ; q = E /(1 - m 2 ) ; hi = ari2 / aci2 .

qmi qri (0)

q mi =

qci 8hi wRmax

=
+ qc y h (hi ) ,
hi
3pqac
183

(4)

4hi0.5 wRmax qc
+ arccos(1 - 2hi ) .
(5)
pqaci
p


qri (0) =

Fq (e) =

8
3p
1-

qc ( e ) =
Fq =

min( e,e s )

min(e, e s )

0
min(e, e s )

h1i ,5jn (u )du

;

(6)

y h (hi )jn (u )du

qci jn jn (u )du ; h(e) =

min( e, e s )

qci jn (u )du ;

(7)

qqc ac
;
wRmax

(8)

Fq
e-u
hi =
- Fq 1 +

2w
2

Fq
e-u
1 +
.
(9)

2
2
w

(1)(9) , .
. 1.
-

m
m

s r = 2G e r +
e; s j = 2G e j +
e ;
1 - 2m
1 - 2m

e; t rz = Gg;
s z = 2G e z +
2 - 2m

u
u r
u
; ej = ; e z = z ;
r
r
z
u
u
g= r + z;
r
z
e = e z + er + ej.

(10)

u z u r .
qr qc
u z = u z1 + u z 2 .
[1]
uz =

W
1

(11)

q
z y
y,

p
2(1 - m ) z

(12)

y = y1 + y 2 .
y1 = q1 (r1 )

er =

184

. 1.

1
1
r1dr1j ; y 2 = qc
r2 dr2 dj ;
R1
R
2
W

(13)

Ri = ri2 + r 2 + z 2 - 2 ri r cos j , i = 1, 2 .
qr (r1 ) ,
185

qr (r1 ) = qr 0 1 - r12 / ar2 .

ar p
y1 = 2 q r 0

1 - r12 / ar2 r1dr1dj

r22

0 0

E(x) =
(14)

+ r + z - 2r2r cos j

aL p
r2 dr2 dj
y1 = 2qc
.
a 0 r 2 + r 2 + z 2 - 2r2r cos j
2
r

(15)

r1 1 - r12 dr1dj

1p

y1 = 2qr 0 ar

00 r 2 - 2r1r h cos j + r 2 + z1
1

ap
y 2 = 2 qc ac

(16)

r2 dr1dj

y 2
y y1
=
+
z ar z1 ac z 2 .
Z = 0 (16), (17), (18)

y2

z=0

z =0

p 2 q r 0 ar
4

(2 - r ) ,

y
= -2pqri ( r ) ,
z z = 0
E (x) .
186

(17)

1 1 rh
p
1 1

qr 0qar 2 - r 2 + 2qc qac a 2 F1 - , ;1; - 2 F1 - ; ;1; r 2hi ,

4
2 2

2 2 a2

u z 1 - 2m
=
qqr 0 1 - r 2
z
1- m

) 2,

s z = - qr 0 1 - r 2 2 = - qri ( r ) .

(19)

1 - 2m qr (r1 )dw1
,
2pG
R1

1 - 2m qr dw2
.
2pG R2
[1] (10), (11)
du r 2 = -

(18)

r h0.5

= 4qc ac a E i - E r, hi0.5 ,
a

uz =

du r1 = -

1 0 r 2 - 2r2 r h0.5 cos j + r 2 + z

i
1
2

y1

2 F1 ; u z

ez =

z
r
a
r
r
z
r1 =
; z1 =
; r2 = 2 ; z 2 = ; a = L ,
;r=
a
ac
ac
ar
ar
ar
c

p
1 1
2
2 F1 - ; ; 1; x ,
2
2
2

3
1 - 2m qr 0 ar
2 2
ur1 =
1 - 1 - r , u = 0 ;
2(1 - m ) r
r 2

(1 - 2m )
s r = qr 0
1 - 1 - r 2
3r 2

(1 - 2m )
sj = - q r 0
1 - 1 - r 2
3r 2

3
2

- 1- r

1
2

(20)

(21)
.

, (5)

187

1
3
2
2
2 - 2m 1 - r

Fq
q
qr 0 = q0 + c arccos(1 - 2hi ) = q0 1 + 0.5 arccos(1 - 2hi ) ,

4h
p

q0 =

4hi0.5
p

- hi z 2

wRmax
,
qac

(19), (20), (21)

) (

) (

(19)(21) s z , sr , sj , , .
z
r1 r2, .
2pr1qc (r1 )dr1 2pr2 qc (r2 )dr2 .
W1 W2 ,

Fq
s r1 s j1
=
= 1 + 0.5 arccos 1 - 2hi

q 0 q0 4hi

) (

) (

1
-1

1 + z 2
- (1 + m )(1 - z arcctg z ),
2

Fq
s z1
= - 1 + 0.5 arccos 1 - 2hi

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188

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3
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i

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190

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1989. 510 .
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4 X 1 + 5 X 2 + 5 X 3 + 5 X 4 + 8 X 5 + 4 X 6 72 ,
8 X 1 + 6 X 2 + 3 X 3 + 7 X 4 + 6 X 5 + 5 X 6 70 .

0 i 10 , i = 1(1)6 , X j 2 , j = 1, 3, 5 .

min(120 X 1 + 40 X 2 + 50 X 3 + 40 X 4 + 60 X 5 + 40 X 6 )
:

R1 120000 X 1 + 40000 X 2 + 500000 X 3 + 400000 X 4 + 600000 X 5 +

+ 400000 X 6 800000 ;
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g 2 = 4 X 1 + 5 X 2 + 5 X 3 + 5 X 4 + 8 X 5 + 4 X 6 72 ;
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: D = d1 d 2 ... d k .
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: 1 = 2,
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.
:
f 1 ( R1 ) = (1 + 8.172 10 -15 R14.932 ) -1 ; f 2 ( g1 ) = (1 + 3.467 g1-1.825 ) -1 ;

f 3 ( g 2 ) = (1 + 5.054 103 g 2 -1.087 ) -1 ; f 4 ( g 3 ) = (1 + 2.92 103 g 3 -1.696 ) -1 .

: 1 = 2,
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10
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207


1. . ., . . . .: ; : , 1989. 224 .
2. . ., . .
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208