Firewalls are multi-homed servers with routing capabilities that are aimed to protect the local networks

against unauthorized accesses. Firewalls contain proxy servers which determine the firewalls security
policies [10] for the corresponding applications. If a firewall does not have the proxy server of a certain
application then this application is not allowed through the firewall. Proxy servers may introduce some
additional processing delay to the forwarded packets, or just forward them without any proxy server
latency (circuit level filtering) depending on the application that the datagram belong to. It also specifies
whether there is an additional latency introduced to the datagram by the proxy servers, and which
characteristics it has

A VPN is an example of providing a controlled connectivity over a public network such as the Internet.
VPN utilize a concept called an IP tunnel-a virtual point-to-point link between a pair of nodes that are
actually separated by an arbitrary number of networks.