1

(1922-1932)

).

1922-1932.


1922 -
. ,

Abstract
This study is concerned with the achievement of social justice through educational
policy in Greece during the period 1922-1932. It investigates if the governments made
provisions for the integration of the weakest links -natives and refugees of 1922 of
the Greek society and how the policy-makers used education to integrate in the labour
market. It also examines whether limiting the Greek vernacular to primary schooling
and the proliferation of technical and agricultural education created the prerequisites
for upward mobility through education or reproduced the existing social and financial
inequalities in Greek society.

.
5
1.221.489 ,1
.
1929,
1930 .
1

, : , 1930, . 31.

2
,
,
-
. ,
,

. ,


,
.
1929
.2

.
,

.

: ,
,
- ,
Bourdieu. ,


. ,

.

. , , . , .. , 1870-1937:
, (, 2003), . 87

3
, ,

: ,

,
.
,

.

1922.

,
,


.

.
19

millet -
-
.
1.633 165.381
.

.
2.000 ,
.
Eliot Mears,

4
700
, 1.400 .3

,
.
.
.
,
: ; .
,
.4

.
. 8 ,
5 , 80-120
, 1926 1.500
.5
1929

[...] 200.000.6 ,


,
200.000.000 .7
,
80%
,
3

E.G. Mears, Modern Turkey: A Politico-Economic Interpretation, 1908-1923 (New York, 1924), p.
84.
4
, 67
, 27 1924, 510.
5
, . 238 ( 9 1926), 1 ( .
).
6
- , 1 , 2
1929, . 19.
7
. , 1 , 1-2
1929, 19-20.

5

1928.8
,
.
4 1930 (Aktiebolager
Kreuger & Toll) 1.000.000
.9
3.167
4 (1928-1932).
1.474
(1830-1928).
145
[ 1930-1931],
, , 1200
.10


.


,
.
.

-

.11
8

1928 League of Nations,

Financial situation of Greece, Fourth quarterly report of the Greek Ministry of Finance, C.585.1928.II
[A], 3 December 1928, . 46.
9
M. Dritsas, Swedish Capital in Greece and Entrepreneurial Strategies in Greece during the Interwar
Period, in Scandinavian Economic History Review, vol. XLIV, No. 1, 1996, 3-22.
10
. , , , (, 1942), . 496-497, . ,
:
, ( 1992), . 64.
11
G. Kritikos, The proliferation of agricultural schools: a practical education in Greece (1922-1932)
Agricultural History, Summer 2007, Vol. 81, No. 3, G. Kritikos, Primary teaching in
a non-standard language as a tool of social and national integration: the case of Greek vernacular (1923

6


. , - , , .
, 600-700
, ,
500 .12

. , .
1928
,
.13


,

.14

, .
, .
, :

,
.

.

.15
-1929) Alexandra Georgakopoulou and Michael Silk (eds.), Standard Languages and Language
Standards; Greek Past and Present, (London, 2009), . , .
(, 2008), . 275-276.
12
. , , (,
1974), . 23-25.
13
(....), /33, 31371,
29 1929, . 1,
(. ).
14
...., (
),. 61.5, /33, 11643, 15 1929, .
2.

7
,

,
.
,
,

.16
,

.17

,
.
,
,
-
-
.

.

-
.
,
-
1931. ,
15

. , 1 , 1-2
1929, . 13.
16
. , [5 , 1931, 4397 16/24
1929, . .
2 1929, . 1889.
17
. , (1922-1932),
& - , :
(, 22-24 , 2004 (,
2007), . 353-374, G. Kritikos, The nationalism of Greek language: the two faces of Janus in the early
twentieth century Balkan Studies, summer 2008.

8
.18 ,
, ,
,
.
,
.
, 1931, ,
.19
,
1920,
( ) 20

1907

50.20%

82.55%

1920

43.81%

72.62%

1928

36.23%

64.04%

, -
1834.
90% .

. ,
,
.21
,

. ,
,
18

. , . 1895-1967, , 9
4373 13 1929 ,
(, 1990), . 175.
19
. , , ..
. , , (, 1988), . 31.
20
, (, 1933), . 418.
21
. ,
(1830-1922), (, 1987), . 425.

9
,22
.23
1927, .

.
,
,
.24 .
(. ):
,
,
,
.
,

.
.
,
822 .

.25

. 1.600 , 1924-1925 1928-1930
2.169 1926-1927, 824
1929-1930 856
.26 1928-32,
,
.
, .27 ,
22

, 4
,
, 4-9 1929, 73 ( . ), 77 [ .
].
23
, 62
, 4 1928, 701 [ . ].
24
: , 13
, 5 1927, 191.
25
, 4
,
, 4-9 1929, 73 [ . ].
26
, ( 1931), . 371.
27
. , , ..
. , , (, 1988), . 26.

10
,
156 , 104 , 35 .


,
, , ,
,
41%, 1928 96.214,
(1932) 57.225.28


. 1910
.

,
.29
1929 ,

.

.30
,
. ,
,

300 .
- ,
: ,
28

. (.), 1928-1932.
, (,1998), . 298.
29
. , . :
, & - ,
: (, 22-24
, 2004 (, 2007), . 121
30
. , :
, (, 1992), . 64.

11
.31
40-50,
, 10
3
. :
40 [...}. 300
,

.32
,
. 1920
, 1929
17 576 . 27
3.094 , 32 2.887 34
3,266 .33 ,
,

.

.34

.35
,


.
31

, 4
,
, 4-9 1929, . 77.
32
.., . 78.
33
, (, 1931), . 346.
34
. , . , . (.),
20 : ,
1915, 1929, 1959, 1964, 1976/77, 1985 1997/98 (, 2001), . 115.
35
. , . 1895-1967, , 9
4373 13 1929 ,
(, 1990), . 169.

12
- .
-
.
, ,
, , ,
,
.

.36

,
.

.37

1926,
1.302 1922-23 1.275
1930-31.38
1.600 1924-1925 2.169 1926-1927 - 824 19291930 (856) . 39
,
:
,
,
.
. ,
,
,
. ,

36

, 4
,
, 4-9 1929, . 303.
37
.., . 304.
38
, (, 1931), . 372.
39
.., . 371.

13

. ,
,
,

,

. ,

, .

,
,
,
,
.

, 67 ,
27 1924, . 510.
. , 1 , 1-2
1929, . 19-20.
, 4 ,

, 4-9 1929, [ . ], . 73.
, 4 ,

, 4-9 1929, [ . ], . 77.
, 62 ,
4 1928, 701 [ . ], . 701.
1928 League of Nations,
Financial situation of Greece, Fourth quarterly report of the Greek Ministry of Finance, C.585.1928.II
[A], 3 December 1928, . 46.
(....), /33, 31371, 29
1929, [
(. )], .1.
...., (
),. 61.5, /33, 11643, 15 1929, . 2

14
, . 238 ( 9 1926), [ .
], . 1.
: , 13 ,
5 1927, . 191.
, ., [5 , 1931, 4397 16/24
1929, . .
2 1929, . 1889.
, (, 1931-1933).

, ., . :
, & - ,
: (, 22-24
, 2004 (, 2007),
, ., , . , .. , 1870-1937:
, (, 2003), . 87
, ., . 1895-1967, , 9
4373 13 1929 ,
(, 1990).
, ., , ..
. (.), , (, 1988).
, ., , (
1974), . 23-25.
, ., (1922-1932),
& - , :
(, 22-24 , 2004 (,
2007), . 353-374.
, ., . (:
, 2008).
, ., , , (, 1942), . 496-497, . ,
:
, ( 1992).
, ., , ., . (.),
20 : ,
1915, 1929, 1959, 1964, 1976/77, 1985 1997/98 (, 2001), . 115.
, . (.), 1928-1932.
, (,1998).
, .,
(1830-1922), (, 1987).
, ., :
, ( 1992).

Dritsas, ., Swedish Capital in Greece and Entrepreneurial Strategies in Greece during the Interwar
Period, in Scandinavian Economic History Review, vol. XLIV, No. 1, 1996, 3-22.
Kritikos, G., The proliferation of agricultural schools: a practical education in Greece (1922-1932)
Agricultural History, Summer 2007, Vol. 81, No. 3,
Kritikos, G., Primary teaching in a non-standard language as a tool of social and national integration:
the case of Greek vernacular (1923 -1929) Alexandra Georgakopoulou and Michael Silk (eds.),
Standard Languages and Language Standards; Greek Past and Present, (London: Ashgate Publisher,
2009).
Kritikos, G.,The nationalism of Greek language: the two faces of Janus in the early twentieth century
Balkan Studies, summer 2008.
Mears, E.G., Modern Turkey: A Politico-Economic Interpretation, 1908-1923 (New York, 1924), .
84.

15