ET4020 - X l tn hiu s

Chng 1: Tn hiu v h thng ri rc

TS. ng Quang Hiu
http://dsp.edabk.org
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
Vin in t - Vin thng

Nm hc 2012 - 2013

Tn hiu ri rc
ly mu
chun ha
x(t) x(nTs ) x(n)
Ts

x(n)

x(t)
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b

Biu din tn hiu?

Cng sut, nng lng?

Cc php ton?

b
b

b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b

b b

b b b b
b

b
b

b
b b
b b b

H thng ri rc
T

x(n)
y (n) = T {x(n)}

x(n)

y (n)
h thng T

Cc khi nim:

LTI?

Nhn qu?

n nh?

H thng LTI

x(n)

y (n)
T

p ng xung ca h thng:
h(n) = T {(n)}
Php chp:
y (n) =

k=

x(k)h(n k) := x(n) h(n)

Cch tnh php chp

x(k)
b

h(k)
b

k
b

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
h(k)
b

k
b

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
h(1 k)
b

k
b

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
h(n)
b

b
b

n
b

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y (n)
b
b
b

k
b

k
b

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

n
b

b
b

x(n)

Kt qu php chp

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
v1 (k)
y (1) = 0.5 + 0.75 + 1
b

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
h(1 k)
b

k
b

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
v1 (k)
y (1) = 1

b
b

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
v0 (k)
y (0) = 0.75 + 1

b
b

b
b
b

n
b

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Cc tnh cht ca php chp

Giao hon

Kt hp

Phn phi

Ghp ni h thng?

H thng LTI nhn qu, n nh

Xt h thng LTI vi p ng xung h(n).

H thng n nh:

n=

|h(n)| <

H thng nhn qu:

h(n) = 0,

n < 0

Phng trnh sai phn tuyn tnh h s hng

N
X
k=0

ak y (n k) =

M
X
r =0

br x(n r )

H thng c p ng xung chiu di hu hn (FIR): N = 0

H thng c p ng xung chiu di v hn (IIR): N > 0

Bin i z
ZT
n

z
IZT

X (z) =

x[n]z n

x=

trong z l bin s phc z = re j .

Min hi t (ROC) ca X (z)? Khi x(n) l dy mt pha bn

phi, mt pha bn tri, hai pha?

Cc tnh cht: tr, chp, o hm, v.v.

Bin i z ngc: Phn tch thnh cc phn thc ti gin.

Hm truyn t

H(z) = ZT{x(n)}

Cc im cc zpk v cc im khng z0r ? V trn mt phng

phc?

H thng LTI nhn qu n nh:

|zpk | < 1,

S dng bin i z mt pha gii phng trnh sai phn

tuyn tnh h s hng

S thc hin h thng LTI: Loi I

y (n) =

N
X
k=1

b0

X (z)

ak y (n k) +

M
X
r =0

br x(n r )

Y (z)

+
z 1

z 1
b1

a1
z 1

z 1
b2

a2

S thc hin h thng LTI: Loi II

X (z)

b0

+
b

Y (z)

z 1
+

a1

b1
b

z 1
a2

b2
b

Homework

1. S dng Matlab biu din tn hiu ri rc v thc hin cc

php ton trn tn hiu ri rc.
2. Lm cc bi tp tnh ton php chp, bin i z v v s
h thng.