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Medicinal Plants
Poisonous Plants
Psychoactive Plants
Medicinal Plants
1. Approximately 25% of todays prescription drugs
come from plant extracts.
2. nly a!out 15% of the "no#n plant species
have !een screened for medicinal purposes.
$. Most medicinal plants come from the %ropics.
&. %he most significant medicinal plants used for
prescription drugs contain steroids or alkaloids
5. %here are a host of non'prescription plant
remedies #hich have medicinal uses. %hese are
often referred to as (herbal medicines).
Medicinal Plants in the Tropics
,omplex of
phytomedicinals from the
leaves
.ffective free'radical
scavenger
Extracts rom
shoot, root and
rhi!ome
"cts as
immunostimulan
t
#peeds up cycle
o cold $irus and
%us
&OT
pre$entati$e.
%nsen& '(ana) &nsen&, (*
+un+ue"olum, #lut$erococcus
sentcocus,
'ixture o compounds
rom root
Traditional (hinese
medicine or )***
years
+ncreases stress
tolerance
#peeds up
metabolism
"nti,carcinogenic
'ixture o terpenoids,
coumarins, and
%a$onoids rom dried
%o-er heads
#oothes stomach,
aches
"nti,in%ammatory,
anti,spasmodic and
anti,bacterial actions
'ild sedati$e
Fe$ere- (Tanacetum parthenium)
#es/uiterpenoid
lactones rom
lea$es
0sed or 1***
years
E.ecti$e head,
ache treatment,
especially
migraines
2arli c ("llium sati$um)
Onion ("llium cepa)
Organo,sulur
compounds rom
lea$es
"nti,carcinogenic
and anti,
microbial
"nti,
atherosclerosis
and anti,
hypertensi$e
Toxic in high
amounts
'ilk Thistle (#ilybum
marianum)
(omplex o
%a$olignans
rom seeds
3rotects li$er
against toxins,
particularly
against poison
rom Amanitas
phalloides
4elps against
hepatitis and
cirrhosis o the
li$er
#t. 5ohn6s 7ort (4ypericum
peroratum)
extract rom
lea$es
E.ecti$e or
depression and
sleeplessness
anti,retro$iral
acti$ities ("+D#)
#ide e.ects
include
photosensiti$ity
and dermatitis
#a- 3almetto (#erenoa
repens)
rom ruits
+ncreases
re/uency o
urination
Treatment or
prostate cancer
3rotects against
edema (-ater
retention) and
in%ammation
English 4a-thorn ((rataegus
lae$igata)
8ea$es,
%o-ers and
ruit can be
used
+ncreases
dilation o
blood $essels
0sed or mild
orms o heart
disease
2reen Tea ((amellia
sinensis)
3olyphenols
rom lea$es
anti,cancer
inhibiting
tumor
initiation and
cell
prolieration
anti,oxidant
7ine 2rape (9itis $iniera)
(ontains o$er )*
di.erent %a$onoid
phenolics including
res$eratrol and
catechins
:educes heart
disease by
inhibiting platelet
aggregation,
lo-ering 8D8 (lo-
density
lipoproteins) and
acting as
antioxidants
7hite 7ine $s. :ed 7ine 3henolics
(mg/L) White Wine Red Wine
Total Phenolics 200-300 1500-3000
Hydroycinnamates 50-200 25-150
!nthocyanins 0 "00-1000
#atechins 10-50 "0-150
$la%onols &egligi'le 25-250
8icorice (2lycyrrhi!a spp.)
3henolic
compounds rom
the root or
rhi!ome
anti,oxidant
anti,tumor
anti,
in%ammatory
2inger (;ingiber o<cinale)
O$er =1
compounds -ith
anti,oxidant
acti$ities greater
than $itamin E
anti,tumor
anti,emetic
(inhibits
$omiting)
#oybeans (2lycine max)
anti,oxidant
anti,cancer
(inchona sp. (:ubiaceae)
source o /uinine
coca lea$es
Opium
contain ep$edrne
/timulant
anti'oxidants 1
(atharanthus roseus
("pocynaceae)
used as an anti'emetic
3hilippine 'edicinal 3lants
(DO4)
;umis ;ucing
;umis "ucing 3rthosiphon /picatus
77/4 !er!entu" sema"+ !atangnya
!asah+ memili"i daun !er!entu" telur
ta6i+ tepi daunnya !ergerigi "asar.
7unganya mengeluar"an !enang sari
dan puti" !er#arna putih atau ungu.
Masyara"at mengguna"an @aun "umis
"ucing !asah maupun "ering
diguna"an se!agai !ahan o!at yang
memperlancar pengeluaran air "emih
3diureti"4+ mengo!ati remati". !atu"
enco"+ masu" angin dan sem!elit.
@isamping itu daun tanaman ini 6uga
!ermanfaat untu pengo!atan radang
gin6al+ !atu gin6al+ "encing manis+
al!uminuria+ dan penya"it syphilis.
7unga Bosela
:mumnya masyara"at mengenal rosela
32is!iscus sa!dariffa E.4 se!agai !ahan
"arung goni..
7unga rosela !erguna untu" mencegah
penya"it "an"er dan radang+
mengendali"an te"anan darah+
melancar"an peredaran darah dan
melancar"an !uang air !esar. ;elopa"
!unga rosela dapat diam!il se!agai
!ahan minuman segar !erupa sirup dan
teh+ selai dan minuman+ terutama dari
tanaman yang !er"elopa" !unga te!al
36uicy4.
;elopa" !unga terse!ut mengandung
vitamin ,+ vitamin A+ dan asam amino.
Asam amino yang diperlu"an tu!uh+ 1>
diantaranya terdapat dalam "elopa"
!unga rosela+ termasu" arginin dan legnin
yang !erperan dalam proses perema6aan
sel tu!uh. /elain itu+ rosela 6uga
mengandung protein dan "alsium.
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