Class III Marine Engineer Examination

Boiler
Q.1 What will you do if no water shown in the water gauges?
Check the water gauges; if it blows steam, this is a very dangerous emergency.
First, the fire should be immediately etinguished and the boiler should be isolated
from the steam su!!ly system.
"witch off the feed !um!s. #urn off the feed water valve and fuel su!!ly valve.Wait
for the slow cool down.
Check to see if there is any damage to furnace, internal structure and other ! arts of
the boiler.
Check the tri!!ing of fuel su!!ly valve as it should cut the su!!ly of fuel oil when
water level reaches low low level
$fter the !roblem is fied, boiler could be !ut back to service.
Q.% What are boiler tri!s & alarms?
'oiler tri!s are actions that will occur under undesired situation of boiler. 'oiler
alarms are audible and visual signal about a !roblem or a condition.
For eam!le, when the boiler is in the low water level condition, alarm will occur.
When the boiler is in the low low water level condition, tri! and alarm will occur
together
Q.( )ow to start u! the boiler?
First check the safety valves, air vent, manhole cover, steam valve, feed water !um!,
thermometer !ressure gauge and water level gauge are in good condition.
*f all are ok, o!en the air vent. #hen check the fuel oil system and circulate the fuel oil
with heater to warm it to the re+uired tem!erature and viscosity.
#hen run the force draft blower to !urge the combustion area of any e!losive gas
accumulation.
,ut the flame s!ill in low !osition and o!en the fuel valve to fuel s!ray no--le. #hen
!ress the ignition switches.
*f the fuel fails to ignite, close the fuel valve and re!eat the !rocedure.
#o !revent thermal stress, the tem!erature should be raised slowly. $lso, in order to
let the air to release from the system, the air vent should be ke!t o!ened.
When the !ressure builds u!, one should close the air vent and turn the flame s!ill to
high !osition.
.nce the service !ressure is reached, the steam valve should be o!ened slowly. *f
necessary, o!en the steam valve to oil tank carefully in order to !revent water
hammering.
Q./ )ow to tri! the boiler?
0ow low water level, high steam !ressure and flame failure will also tri! out the
burner.
Q.1 What is boiler blow down & why is it needed?
'low down of the boiler is done to remove scum and bottom de!osits. #his means
that blow down is done either for scum or for bottom blow down.
#he reasons for boiler blow down are2
1. #o remove the !reci!itates formed as a result of chemical addition to the boiler
water.
%. *n case of !ollution from sea water, regular blow down is necessary to low the
chloride level.
(. #o remove solid !articles, dirt, foam or oil molecules from the boiler water. #his is
mainly done by scum valve and the !rocedure is known as 3scumming.4
/. #o remove ecess water in case of emergency.
chroide
Q.5 What is boiler water treatment & why is it needed?
.n !acific 6ava, the chemicals 780#*9,08" and .:;#<=$# are newly em!loyed.
780#*9,08" is for adding !hos!hate and alkalinity to minimi-e scale9formation,
corrosion and sludge accumulation, while .:;#<=$# is for adding tannin to remove
oygen in the system. 'y blowing down the boiler, the !reci!itates can be removed.
0i+uid treate2 !reci!itates, alkanity
Condensate2 ,h
#reatment is needed because forming of scale and corrosion would reduce efficiency
and damage the boiler.
"cale would thermally insulate the heating surface, so rise the metal tem!erature and
the eit gas tem!erature.
Corrosion would thinner the metal, or even made holes on tubes or surfaces, so as to
endanger the boiler structure.
Q.> )ow to blow boiler water gauge glass?
Check for the leak of the cocks. First close team and water cocks, o!en the drain,
nothing should blow out if steam and water cocks are not leaking.
*n order to check the water cock connection to the boiler is clear, o!en and close the
water cock to see if water blow out.
*n order to check the steam cock connection to the boiler is clear, o!en and close the
steam cock to see if steam blow out.
Close the drain.
.!en the water cock. Water should then gradually rise u! to the to! of the gauge
glass. #hen o!en the steam cock and the water in the glass should fall to the level of
the water in the boiler.
Q.? @escribe how to manual ignite the boiler?
First check the boiler !ressure and tem!erature are in normal condition under heating
from the economi-er.
Circulate the boiler fuel through the heater to ensure suitable tem!erature and
viscosity is reached. Check for the !ressure of the circulated fuel.
#hen switch the control of the boiler into manual. #hen start the forced draught fan
and !ass the air through the furnace for several 1911 minutes to !urge it of any
ehaust gas or oil va!ors.
#hen manually adAust the air in!ut into the lighting u! mode, o!en the fuel valve,
!ress the ignition button, then !ress the fuel inAection button and then leave the
ignition !ower of the boiler.
#hen adAust control to normal service so that the air in!ut and other !arameter could
be !ut into normal service.
Check to see if the flame is steady.
Q.B What are the reasons caused low low water level?
0ow low water level may be caused by many reasons2
1. 'low down valve is accidentally o!ened
%. Feed water system9 feed tank is em!ty, feed !um! failure, automation control
failure or other isolation from the feed system
(. "erious leakage on the water contacting area
Q.1C What is boiler carry over D!rimingE?
*t is a harmful condition in which water is carried over from the boiler to the steam
s!ace.
Cause of it may be contamination of boiler water by ecess of salts or oil. Foaming
occur because of them. $lso, too high of the water level, ecessive boiler loads, and
sudden load changes could also lead to this !roblem.
*f it really ha!!ens, !erform the water test and check the result, check to see any
contamination for the water treatment e+ui!ment, chemical and the !rocedure. Check
the steam loading, check the o!erator to see if he have made any sudden load changes
before, etc..
Q.11 What is cross9blow?
Cross blow is blowing the steam through the steam terminal cock and steam !i!e, to
the water cock, through the glass column to the drain, and also, blow the water
through the water terminal cock and water !i!e, to the steam cock, through the glass
column to the drain.
.!en steam terminal cock, water cock and the drain, close other cocks, the steam
terminal cock, steam !i!e and the column are clear. #hen close back and o!en water
terminal cock, steam cock and drain, close other cocks, the water terminal cock and
water !i!e are clear.
Q.1% "ketch the boiler inters structure & e!lains the difference between fire tube
boiler & water tube boiler.
Main Engine
Q.1( What are the causes of crankcase e!losion, 1
st
& %
nd
e!losion?
For the first e!losion, usually a hot s!ot could be !ossibly created in the crankcase.
*f the hot s!ot comes in contact with the lubricating oil, va!ori-ation takes !lace. #he
va!our then circulates to a cooler !lace and condenses into white oil mist. #he white
oil mist would accumulate to create a higher concentration of the mist, and u!on the
e!losive limit is reached, the crankcase e!losion occur.
#he !rimary DfirstE e!losion !roduces a shock wave which !ro!agates inside the
crankcase and it has a breaking effect to reduce the si-e of oil dro!lets, !roducing
more fuel for ignition. #he !ressure is followed with a low !ressure area which tries
to suck more air from outside. *f there is leak from relief valve, the stuffing bo and
crank case vent, a good environment with more few and air would be !resent. 8sually
the crankcase door may be ruture#he hot s!ot then ignite the flame and cause a very
serve damage in the engine room.
Q.1/ What the causes are of scavenge fire?
#he cause of scavenge fire is blow9by of combustion !roduct between liner and !iston
into the scavenge air s!aces. #his fouling will be greater if soot is !roduced because
of incom!lete combustion of the fuel inAected.
#here are some causes of blow9by of combustion !roduct, they are
Worn, sticking or broken !iston rings,
0ubricating +uills on liner are not working,
@amage to the running surface of liner,
#he sym!toms includes surging of turbocharger, rises of scavenge air tem!erature and
ehaust tem!erature.
#his !roblem could be !revented by careful maintenance, which includes draining the
scavenge cock, regular ins!ections and cleaning of scavenge s!aces
@etail refer to 7arine =ngineering "eries F @iesel =ngines $.6. Wharton
Q.11 Com!ares the %9stroke & /9stroke engine advantages & disadvantages.
For a %9stroke engine, 1 stroke is for com!ression of gas and e!losion, another stroke
is for the ehaust gas to leave and the fuel9air miture to be inserted into the cylinder.
For a /9stroke engine, there is 1 stroke for com!ression and then e!lode, 1 stroke for
return, 1 stroke for !ushing ehaust gas to leave, and the last 1 for the air and fuel to
be inserted into the cylinder.
#he advantages of %9stroke engine includes higher !ower to weight ratio and less
moving !arts such as ehaust valve, however, there may be !roblem of fuel9air
miture esca!ed with ehaust gas as there is relatively shorter time for scavenging to
take !lace.
#he advantage of /9stroke engine includes less chance for the fuel9air miture
esca!ed, but there is a !roblem of low !ower to weight ratio.
Q.15 What is $G= scra!er ring function? G Why the lube oil levels of main engine
sum! tank suddenly dro! down ra!idly?
.il scra!er ring is on the !iston that scra!es the ecess oil off the liner wall on the
down stroke of the !iston. #his is done to remove ecess oil from combustion
chamber to enhance a uniform oil layer formation.
#he lube oil level dro! may because of leakage from sum! tank or burning of the lube
oil.
Q.1> What will occur if the main engine cylinder liner wear our?
*f the cylinder liner worn out, there may be a s!ace occur between the !iston ring and
the liner, thus, blow9by of combustion gas may occur. $lso, lube oil from the
crankcase may be !assed into the combustion chamber.
#he wear may increase the friction on itself with the rings. #he friction increase the
tem!erature at that !oint and may cause hot s!ot.
*n addition, as the wear may increase the chance of crack formation, which leads to
damage to the liner.
@etail refer to 7arine =ngineering "eries F @iesel =ngines $.6. Wharton
Q.1? What is turbo9charger surging?
#he blower rotates and releases air at a certain angle to the diffuser vane. #he angle of
the diffuser vanes are set to receive at that angle. *f there is change of angle of the air
due to dro! in s!eed, a turbulence created and !ressure is eerted which causes
surging to take !lace.
Causes of this !henomenon could be ecess dirt clog onto the air filter, air cooler,
turbine, com!ressor, or in the economi-er. #herefore, careful cleaning of these !arts in
the system could !revent the turbocharger from surging.
$lso, bad weather could cause the turbocharger to surge. *n bad weather, if the shi! is
!itching, the load of main engine load and velocity may vary and cause the ehaust
gas vary. When the engine r!m is reduced suddenly, less amount of ehaust gas will
be !roduced, which means less energy is su!!lied to the turbine, so the r!m of it will
dro!. )owever, due to inertia, the r!m would take some time to slow down and during
this !eriod, the com!ressor continues to deliver air the build u! the !ressure in the
scavenge s!ace. When the turbocharger slowed down, the air delivery !ressure in the
com!ressor is reduced and it is lower than the !ressure in the scavenge s!ace, so the
air flow back, and the turbocharger again surge.
Generator
Q.1B What is !rotective device for main switchboard?
Circuit breaker is an auto shut down device which activates during abnormal situation
such as overloading and short circuit. *t o!ens the su!!ly circuit from main
switchboard to isolate the consumer in +uestion.
.ver current !rotection, which in case of overloading of the distribution system,
removal of !ower su!!lies to non essential services on a !referential basis is done
together with the !referential tri!s.
#he under voltage !rotection, Dwhich !revent closure of the breaker by mistake or
!revent the generator that is coming on load during !arallel o!erationE and reverse
!ower !rotection Dwhich will release the breaker and !revent motring of alternator if a
reversal of !ower occursE
Fuses are used for short circuit !rotection. *f the current !assing the fuse eceed the
safe value, the fuse material melts and isolate the system from the main switchboard.
Q.%C )ow to synchroni-e?
First inform bridge and then check all the system in the engine side of the generator
are normal. #hen start the engine and check again the !arameters and running
situation immediately.
'ring the generator to be synchroni-ed to the desired !arameters, then observe the
synchrosco!e. #he needle is moving clockwise, which means the fre+uency of the
incoming machine is running faster than the bus bar. When the needle !oint at 11
oclock !osition, which means the machine is nearly in !hase with the bus, at this
moment, we could close the breaker.
Safety
Q.%1 What will you do in case boiler room & !urifier room fire?
*f there is a fire, * would first close the door and !ress the fire alarm to inform ca!tain
and chief engineer.. *f it is a small fire, * will consider to use a suitable fire
etinguisher nearby, but if the fire is large and there is no suitable fire etinguish, *
would go to master station for further notice.
Q.%% @escribe the enclosed s!ace entering !rocedure.
First inform seniors and ca!tain the necessarity of the entry, after getting their
a!!rove, * would start !re!are the !ermit.
First, if necessary, isolate any related !um!s and valves, then make sufficient
ventilation to the s!ace. #hen calibrate the gas testing device and test the gas to see if
it is ok for su!!orting human live.
,lace the resuscitation and rescue e+ui!ment such as rescue lines, '$ set and =='@,
outside the entrance. $rrange a +ualified !erson to stand by at the entrance at all times
with radio kee!ing contact with the man inside.
Other
Q.%( 'riefly describe bilge system & how the oily se!arator o!erates.
#he bilge system consists of tanks, !i!ing directed form tanks to .W" or shore
facility connection, !um!s and a set of valves controlling the inlet and outlet when
o!erating the !um!.
*n o!eration, the bilge from the tanks, which is relatively less oil is !um!ed to the
.W", !assing through the 11!!m alarm and then overboard.
#he .W" o!erated in % stage and 1 filter in the middle of the stage. Working
!rinci!les are by using "tokesH settling Dabout the buoyant forceE and coalescing effect
Dabout the merging of small dro!letsE. *t is first filled with sea water, then the bilge is
!um!ed to the stage 1, through the filter to the stage %. #here are coalescer inside
stage 1 and %.
$ 11!!m monitor is mounted before the overboard !i!ing. *t is used to by!ass the
out!ut li+uid when the fluid is over 11!!m limit.
Q.%/ @escribe the oily record boiler !ur!oses & the content of it.
.ily record book is a re+uirement of 7$<,.0 $nne * and it is used to record oil
related activities to !revent and !rovide record for the oil related accident.
#he content include ballasting or cleaning of oil fuel tanks, discharge from fuel tanks,
collection and dis!osal of oil residues, dis!osal of bilge, condition of filtering
e+ui!ment, accidental ot other ece!tional discharges of oil, bunkering and remarks.
Q.%1 What is 11!!m?
,!m is !art !er million, which means 1 kg material contains 1 mg other material,
11!!m is the maimum legal discharge value of the oily water se!arator.
Q.%5 What are the causes of the !um! vibration?
7islining of the !um! and motor, wear out of bearing, damaged im!eller, undesired
viscosity of the li+uid.
Q.%> What are the different between !urifier & clarifier?
$ centrifuge is arranged to se!arate % li+uids is called !urifier, while a centrifuge is
arranged to se!arate im!urities and small amounts of water from oil is called clarifier.
Ship Stability
Q.%? What is bilge keel?
'ilge keel is a long fin of metal welded along the length of the shi!. *t is em!loyed in
!airs, one for each side. 'ilge keels increase the hydrodynamic resistance when a
vessel rolls, so limit the amount of roll.
Q.%B What is free surface effect & how to !revent free surface effect at shi!?
*t is an effect occurs when the li+uid moves across the tank in the direction of heel,
making the centre of gravity moves away from the centerline, reducing the righting
lever and increasing the angle of heel.
#he movement of the centre of gravity has been caused by the transfer of a wedge of
li+uid across the tank, so the righting lever was reduced. While the righting lever is
reduced, it is useful to assume the effect of free surface is to raise the centre of
gravity, so reducing the metacentric height of gravity.
*n a design !oint of view, the tanks with a longitudinal centerline division can reduce
the free surface effect. $lso, in !ractical view, !ressing u! tight tanks can !revent the
li+uid from moving across inside tanks.