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B.E (Part Time) End Semester DEGREE EXAMINATION, OCT I NOV 2007

Sixth Semester

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

PTEE 472 - ADVANCED TOPICS IN POWER SYSTEM (Regulation 2005)

Time: 3 Hours

Answer ALL Questions

Max. Marks 100

PART-A (10 x 2 = 20 Marks)

1, What is the need for system analysis in planning and operation of power system?

2. Why a direct solution of load flow problem is not possible?

3. Compare Gauss-Seidel and N~R method.

4. Draw the zero sequence network for Y /A connected transformer.

5. Transient stabUity limit is lower than steady state stability f1mii. Why? .

6. State two techniques each in traditional and new approaches for improving stability,

7. What are the causes of oscillatory and non-oscillatory instabilities in power systems?

8. What is meant by load restoration?

9.

What is PV curve?

1 D. Describe the term sub-synchronous resonance.

PART-B (5 X 16 = 80 Marks)

11. Two synchronous machines are connected through three-phase transformers to a transmission line as shown in Fig.Q11, The data for the system-shown are as follows:

Generators G1 and G2: 100 MVA, 20 kV, Xpos == Xneg = 20 %, Xzero == 4 % ; neutral reactance == 5 % all on generator ratings; Transformers T1 and T2: 20 kV-delta/34S kV-wye, leakage reactance == 8%

on 100 MVA '

Transmission line: Xpos = xneg = 15 %; Xzero == 50 % on 100 MVA.

The system is operating at nominal voltage (1.0 pu) and pre-fault currents can be neglected, Find (i) fault currents in pu, (ii) post-fault line-to-graund voltage of bus 1 for a single line-ta-ground fault at bus 4.

~~~OJ ~}-I--12~Lin:;.;:.__e -+-31 ~S f?

Grounded Neutral

Grounded

Fig. Ql1

Page 1 of3

12(a) Fig. Q12 shows the one-line diagram of a simple three-bus power system with II! , •. _generators at buses 1 and 2. The line impedances are marked in per unit on a 100

MVA base. Find out the bus voltages after one iteration using Newton-Raphson method. (16)

0.02 + jO.04

I

PQ3= 200 MW

Om=75MVAR

Slack Bus V1=1.04LO°

Fig. Q12 (Or)

12(b). Derive the power flow model and then obtain the Fast-decoupled power flow model for an 'N' bus system. Explain the algorithmic steps for getting power flow solution using Fast-decoupJed power flow method. (16)

13(a)0). List the factors affecting the rotor angle stability of power system. (4)

(a)(ii). A 50 Hz synchronous generator having inertia constant H = 5 s and a transient reactance X'd = 0.2 pu is connected to an infinite bus through purely reactive circuit as shown in Fig.Q13a. Reactances are marked on the diagram on a common system base. The generator is delivering real power of 0.6 PUr 0.9 power factor lagging to the infinite bus at a voltage of V == 1 pu. Assume the pu damping coefficient is 0.15. Consider a small disturbance of .8.0 = 10°.

0-

v = 1.0 pu

(a.il.t ) {aJi.2}

jO.3

Fig.013a

Write the linearized state equations of the system. (6)

Determine the eigenvalues, damped frequency of oscillation, damping ratio and undamped natural frequency. (6)

Xt=O.2

(Or)

13(b). The synchronous machine shown in Fig. Q13b is generating 100 MW and 75 MVAR.

The voltage of the infinite bus q is 1+jO pu. The generator is connected to the infinite bus through a line of reactance 0.08 p.u, on a 100 MVA base. The machine transient reactance is 0.2 pu and the inertia constant is 4 pu on a 100 MVA base. A 3-$ fault occurs at bus 'po for a duration of 0.1 sec. Compute the rotor angle at t = 0.03 sec (~t = 0.03 sec) by applying Modified Euler method. The frequency of the supply is 60 Hz. (16)

Page 2 of3

p

.~

Fig. Q13b

Vq = l+j 0

14(a). What is, the function of an overexcitation limiter (OXL)? Give its block diagram and equations describing its function. Explain its functions with relevant sketches showing outputs of various blocks when there is a step increase in field current over the set point.

(Or)

14(b). Derive the expressions for maximum deliverable power for a SLIS system under the following conditions:

(i) unconstrained case (5)

(Ii) under a given load power factor (6) (iii) from power flow equations. (5)

15(a). Derive the equations of motion of a lumped mass model of a generating unit driven by a tandem compound reheat turbine. The five masses represent the rotor of the generator, one HP section, one IP section and two LP sections. (16)

(Or)

1S(b). The data appficab/e to a five-mass torsional model of a 588 MVA, 21 kV, 0,85 pf, 2-pole, 50 Hz thermal unit is as follows:

Mass Rotor Power

No Fraction

1 2 3

HP IP LP

0.3078 0.3191 0.3731

Moment of Shaft Stiffness
I nertia(kg-msq) section (Nw-m/mech rad)
676.7 HP-IP 2 x 106
2156.8 Ip· LP 3.398 X 108
22981.0 LP-GEN 1.235 x 106
10254.4 GEN-EXC 7.65 x 107
, 4 GEN

(i) Determine the inertia constant H in MW-sec I MVA for each of the four rotor masses and stiffness Kin pu torque I elec. rad for each of the four shaft sections. (8)

(ii) Compute the steady-state torque transmitted by each shaft section and angular displacement between the generator and HP turbine section when the generator is operating at the rated output. Neglect exciter mass and generator-exciter shaft section for this purpose. (8)

Page 3 of3

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Roll No.

B.E (Part Time) End Semester DEGREE EXAMINATION, OCT / NOV 2007

Sixth Semester

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

PTGE 381 -PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING

(Regulation 2005)

Time: 3 Hours

Answer ALL Questions

Max. Marks 100

PART-A (10. x 2:::: 20 Marks)

Instructions: Draw neat sketches wherever needed

'1. What do you mean by integrity:-

2. Explain civic virtue with example

3. Write any three 'senses' of Engineering ethics:,.4. Explain the three types of inquiries

..-5. Explain any three uses of ethical theories? ,B. Describe moral autonomy :-

:7. What are the roles of Engineer in the society? fr. How can product be tested for safety?

19. Is loyalty a professional obligation?

.-10. Explain the relations of moral issues and defense industry

PART B (5 x 16 = 80 Marks)

11.)1 Substantiate:- A Balanced outlook on law (6)

ii} Explain the roles of codes or assessment of safety with examples (6)

~ Write your understanding of Professions and professiorlaJism (4)

14("a). Write the steps in confronting moral Dilemmas? Elaborate Kohlberg's and Gilligan's theories of moral development w~th examples.

OR

12. b).

i) Explain the consensus and controversies of the Kohlberg's and

Gilligan's theories. (8)

ii) What are the functions and limitations of "Codes of Ethics"? (8)

13. a) Explain Aristotle's Virtue of Golden Mean and Macintyre's Virtues

and explain professional responsibilities by revealing the interrelationships the above have.

OR

i) From the perspective of engineering as social experimentation, what

are the general features of morally responsible engineers? (8)

ii) Explain the concept of risk benefit analysis with examples (8)

14.a) Explain the challenger case in the words of NASA historian Alex Ronald.

14.b?

l). Exemplify the codes of ethics and its limitations

(8) (8)

ii). Explain the concepts safety and risks with assessment.

15 a. i) Explain Three Mile Island, Chernobyle and safe exits with example (8)

ii) How colleg"iality and loyalty could be important as virtues

(8)

;1'5 b. Explain Whistle Blowing and the host of issues involved.

Roll No.

B.E (part Time) End Semester DEGREE EXAMINATION, OCT I NOV 2007

Sixth Semester

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

PTEE 338 / PTEE 473 - PROTECTION AND SWITCHGEAR

(Regulation 2002 /2005)

Time: 3 Hours

Max. Marks 100

Answer All Questions Part - A (10 x 2 = 20 Marks)

1. What are the different types of faults? Which type of fault is most dangerous?

2. What are the essential qualities of a protective relay?

3. What are the drawbacks of over current protection over distance protection?

4. What are the advantages of static relays over electromagnetic relays?

5. What are the relaying schemes that are employed for the protection of a

modern alternator?

6. What is magnetizing inrush current?

7. Define the term re-striking voltage and rate of rise of re-striking voltage.

8. What are the major properties that required of a gas for CB's?

9. What are the advantages of air-blast circuit breaker over an oil circuit breaker?

10. What are the three classes of lightning arrester available for over voltage protection?

Part - B (5 x 16 = 80 Marks)

11 (i). Explain the primary and backup protection of power systems, What is the role of backup protection? What are the various methods of providing

(ii).

backup protection?

Discuss the essential qualities of a protective relay.

(10) (6)

12(a)(i). Describe the construction and principle of operation of an attracted

armature type of relays. (12)

(ii).

Derive the torque equation of an induction relays. (Or)

Explain the impedance relay characteristic on the ~-X diagram. Discuss the range setting of three impedance relays placed at a particular location .

.... - ;/:

Discuss why zone 1 unit is not set for the protection ortOO% of the line.

(4)

12(b).

13(a).

With the neat diagram discuss the various types of rotor protection ?f an alternator.

(Or)

13(b). With suitable diagrams explain percentage differential protection and overheating protection of a transformer.

14(a). What are the essential properties of arc? Distinguish between the static and dynamic characteristics

(Or)

14(b). From the following data of a 50Hz generator: e.m.f. to neutral 7.5 KV (rms), reactance of generator and connected system 4 ohms, distributed capacitance to neutral 0.01 J..I.F resistances negligible; find (a) the maximum voltage across the contacts of circuit breaker when it breaks a short-circuit current, (b) the frequency of the transient oscillations and {c) the average rate of rise of voltage up to the first peak of oscillations.

15(a). With a neat diagram explain operation and construction of an axial blast air circuit breakers.

15(b).

(Or)

With a neat diagram explain the construction end operation oof sulphur hexafluoride circuit breakers.

PART-A (10 x 2 = 20 Marks) How are interrupts useful in building embedded system?

Us: names of any four types of ports in advanced processors. What is advantage of polling technique of data transfer?

How does asynchronous communication differ from synchronous communication? Why C language is preferred for embedded programming?

6. What is dynamic program scheduling?

7. What is task state transition?

8. How does a semaphore differ from a mutex?

9. How does a preemption event occur?

10. Name any two commercial available RTOs.

PART - B (5 x 16 = 80 Marks)

Time: 3 Hours

1.

4.

t;

v.

Roll No.

B.E (part Time) End Semester DEGREE EXAMINATION, OCT / NOV 2007 Sixth Semester / Electrical and Electronics Engineering

PTEE 513 - EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN (Regulation 2005)

Answer ALL Questions

Max. Marks 100

11. Give the internal functional blocks of a typical embedded processor. Elaborate on how a general purpose processor differs from a embedded processor.

12. (a; With neat diagram explain why the D~A method of data trenster is useful for embedded system.

12. (b)

13. (a) 13. (b)

14. (a)

14. (b)

15. (a)

15. (b)

(OR)

How are memory management achieve:d in embedded system? What is the need for virtual addressing?

\

With neat figures explain the serial port communication and serial communication protocol. (OR)

Write briefly on anyone:

(i) CAN communication and fist its advantages. (ii) Programmable Peripherallnteriace

What is the advantage of time slice scheduling by a RTOS? Explain and Compare the different scheduling strategies

(OR)

(i) Give the need and advantage of RTOS (ii) How does a mailbox management differs from a queue (iii) In MUCOS explain how 'A starting task isJirst created, wbich creates all the tasks needed, initializes the system ClOCK and then that task is suspended.

Write briefly on any two:

(1) Interrupts

(ii) Multi threaded programming

(iii) Priority based scheduling

(OR)

What is need for driver software? With neat figure explain how it helps the video Signals to be generated for color graphics display in a CRT.