CONG TY CO PHAN VAT TU Y TE HONG THlEN MY

Vaccin sinh pham y te - Vat t dung cu y te - Hoa chat sinh hoa

frU c: 725]2 frUcng Ch|nh, P.Ty Thnh, C. fcn PhU fe|: (84.8) 3834532
VPD: 43/]TT ng 3/2, P.T2, C.T lcx: (84.8) 83787
fp.HCl, V|el Ncm. Lmc||: hlm@hcnglh|enmy.vn


NGHA CC THNG S NC TIU

H niu c nhim v thi ra ngoi c th nhng cht khng cn thit, cht khong, dch v mt s cht
bn trong mu bng nc tiu. Do bn trong nc tiu c n hng trm loi cht thi khc nhau ca
c th. C hn 100 thng s khc nhau c th c tm thy qua xt nghim nc tiu. Mt xt nghim
phn tch nc tiu thng quy thng s bao gm nhng thng s sau:

1. Leukocytes (LEU) = t bo bch cu. (bnh thng m tnh). Nu c, nhim khun thn, nhim
trng tiu, nhim trng khng c triu chng, vim ni tm mc do vi khun.
2. Nitrate (NIT) = Vi khun gy nhim trng ng niu to ra 1 loi enzyme c th chuyn nitrate
niu ra thnh nitrite. Do nu nh tm thy nitrite trong nc tiu c ngha l c nhim trng
ng niu. (bnh thng m tnh)
3. Urobilinogen (URO: mui mt) = du hiu cho thy c bnh l gan hay ti mt
Gii hn bnh thng: <4.23 Umol/ngy (0-2.5 mg/ngy).
Ch nh: Bnh gan.
- Cao: Bnh ch m gan, thiu mu tn huyt.
Sinh l: Vi trng chuyn Bilirubin -> Urobilinogen
4. Protein (PRO) = bnh thng protein khng c trong nc tiu. St, luyn tp nng, c thai, v
mt vi loi bnh c bit nh vim thn cp, bnh thn do tiu ng, vim cu thn, hi chng
suy tim xung huyt, K Wilson, cao huyt p c tnh, hi chng thn h, bnh thn a nang: vim
i b thn, bnh l ng thn, l c th lm protein xut hin trong nc tiu. (bnh thng
khng c)
Gii hn bnh thng: < 0.07 g/l ( < 0.15 g/ngy).
Ch nh: Bnh v thn.
- Cao: Bnh vi cu cn, vim bng quang, vim thn, thai c, cao huyt p, hi chng thn h, sn
thn, u thn, suy tim bm sinh, st cao, th dc mnh, nm ti ch lu ngy.
Sinh l: Do tn thng cc vi cu cn lm tng tnh thm thu v cho php Protein huyt tng thot
ra theo ng tiu, vic chy mu ng tiu l nguyn nhn lm cho Protein dng tnh.
5. pH = pH dng kim tra xem nc tiu c tnh cht acid hay baz. pH=4 c ngha l nc
tiu c tnh acid mnh, pH=7 l trung tnh (khng phi acid, cng khng phi baz) v pH=9 c
ngha l nc tiu c tnh baz mnh. i khi pH trong nc tiu cng ph thuc vo mt s
bin php iu tr ca bc s. Chng hn nh bc s c th hng dn bn cch gi cho nc tiu
c tnh acid hoc baz phng nga s hnh thnh si thn. (bnh thng: 4.8 7.4)
a. pH tng trong nhim khun thn (c lc gim), suy thn mn, hp mn v, i ma.
b. pH gim trong nhim ceton do i tho ng, tiu chy mt nc.
6. Blood (BLO)= du hiu cho thy c nhim trng ng tiu, si thn, hay xut huyt t bng
quang hoc bu thn (bnh thng khng c)
7. Specific Gravity = nh gi nc tiu long hay c c (do ung qu nhiu nc hay do thiu
nc) (bnh thng: 1.015 - 1.025).
a. Tng trong nhim khun gram (-), gim ngng thn, bnh l ng thn. X gan, bnh l
gan, tiu ng, nhim keton do tiu ng, tiu chy mt nc, i ma, suy tim xung
huyt.
b. Gim: vim thn cp, suy thn mn, vim cu thn, vim i b thn.
8. Ketone (KET) = Khi cht bo b phn gii to nng lng th c th s to ra mt cht mi l
ketone (hoc th ketone). Cht ny i vo trong nc tiu. Mt lng ln th ketone c trong
CONG TY CO PHAN VAT TU Y TE HONG THlEN MY
Vaccin sinh pham y te - Vat t dung cu y te - Hoa chat sinh hoa
frU c: 725]2 frUcng Ch|nh, P.Ty Thnh, C. fcn PhU fe|: (84.8) 3834532
VPD: 43/]TT ng 3/2, P.T2, C.T lcx: (84.8) 83787
fp.HCl, V|el Ncm. Lmc||: hlm@hcnglh|enmy.vn


nc tiu c th bo hiu mt tnh trng rt nghim trng: i tho ng nhim ketone acid.
Mt ch n t ng v tinh bt, nhn i, hoc nn ma trm trng cng c th lm ketone
xut hin trong nc tiu. (bnh thng khng c hoc i khi c mc thp i vi ph
n mang thai)
Gii hn bnh thng: 0.05 - 0.35 mmol/l. 0.3 2 mg/100 ml.
Ch nh: Tiu ng hn m, tiu ng toan mu.
Sinh l: Carbohydrate ni bo c ch chu trnh Citric acid v bin dng ca th Cetone.
9. Billirubin (BIL: sc t mt) = Urobilinogen (URO: mui mt). C trong nc tiu l do gan
khng lc c ht cc yu t ny do vy phi kt hp so snh vi chc nng gan ti xt nghim
mu nu c tng men gan -> theo di vim gan hoc tc mt.
Gii hn bnh thng: Khng c.
Ch nh: Bnh v gan.
- Dng tnh Vng da: do Bilirubin kt hp cao.
- Dng tnh Khng vng da: do Biliribin khng kt hp cao hoc Hyper Vitaminosis A.
Sinh l: Bilirubin khng kt hp: tan trong m v khng xut hin trong nc tiu. Bilirubin kt hp
l loi tan trong nc. Hyper Vitaminose A: Vng da do Caroten ch khng phi Bilirubin.
10. Glucose (GLU)= l mt loi ng c trong mu. Bnh thng th trong nc tiu s khng c
hoc c rt t glucose. Khi ng huyt trong mu tng rt cao >180mg/dl (10mmol/l), hoc i
tho ng khng kim sot th ng s thot ra nc tiu. Glucose cng c th c tm thy
bn trong nc tiu khi thn b tn thng hoc c bnh. (bnh thng khng c hoc c th c
ph n mang thai).
Gii hn bnh thng: m tnh.
Ch nh: Bnh tiu ng.
- Dng tnh: Bnh tiu ng, hi chng Fanconi, Stress, bnh tiu ng do thn bm sinh, lng
ng niu ch t l vi lng ng thn khi khng c bnh v thn.
11. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (ASC) = Khi bn n / ung nhiu vitamin C th s c xut hin vitamin
C trong nc tiu. y l s o thi bnh thng khi lng vitamin cung cp nhiu hn so vi
nhu cu. Ch khng dng qu liu v tc dng ph rt ln: tng oxalat niu, mu, tim mch,
thn kinh, v nu dng qu liu c th dn n: si thn, bun nn, vim d dy v tiu chy.....