THIET KE CONG TRNH CHU TAI TRONG ONG AT

BANG ETABS THEO PHNG PHAP PHO PHAN NG

ThS. Nguyen Ngoc Phuc
Ks. Nguyen Khanh Hung
ThS Dng Hoai Nam
Tom tat
Trong boi canh hien nay, s bien oi manh me cua Me t
nhien do nhieu nguyen nhan, trong o co s tac ong cua con
ngi, cang lam xuat hien nhieu nguy c tiem an anh hng
tr lai mot cach manh me en cac hoat ong cua con ngui,
trong o co ong at. ong at la mot hien tng thien
nhien gay ra rat nhieu tham hoa cho con ngi va cac cong
trnh xay dng. Ve mat ban chat, theo ly thuyet sc bat an
hoi th at a b bien dang an hoi cho ti khi pha hoai gion.
ng suat an hoi tch tu ca hai ben t gay ot ngot c
giai phong khien cho at a hai ben t gay ot ngot trt
len nhau. Nang lng ng suat an hoi c giai phong di
dang song a chan t chan tam, hay iem pha huy, bc xa
theo moi hng qua at a ra ngoai.
Viec thiet ke cong trnh chu tac ong ong at tai Viet
Nam con nhieu mi me, quy trnh thiet ke TCXD375-2006 cua
chung ta mi c ban hanh da tren c s tieu chuan
Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance co bo
sung hoac thay the cac phan mang tnh c thu Viet Nam. Trong noi
dung bai bao nay, chung toi xin gii thieu cach ng dung t
ong hoa thiet ke cong trnh chu tac ong ong at tren Etabs
theo phng phap pho phan ng.
1. BAI TOAN IEN HNH
Mot cong trnh dan dung gom 5 tang, dien tch xay dng B
xL= (5x6)x(3x7) m2, chieu cao cua tang la 3,5m, c xay dng tai
quan 1 Thanh Pho Ho Ch Minh. Gia thiet tng gach xay tren
tat ca cac dam chnh, tng day 200, khoang cach t mat
mong en a kieng la 1.5m. Hoat tai toan phan p tp=200kG/m2,
np=1.2. Chon be day san 10cm, kch thc dam chnh 30x60 cm 2,
he dam phu trc giao 20x35 cm2, cot tang 1,2 co tiet dien 30x40
cm2, cot tang 3,4,5 co tiet dien 30x30 cm 2. Be tong cap o ben
B20. co E=2.7e6 T/m2

1.1 TNH TAI (DEAD):

1.1.1 Tnh tai tac dung len ban san

Bang 1: Tnh tai do cac lp cau tao san:
Cac Lp Cau Tao San
Gach men Ceramic (1 cm)
Va lot san (3 cm)
Va trat tran (1 cm)
Tong cong

(kG/m3)
2000
1800
1800

g stt

(kG/m2)
0.01 2000x1.2 = 24
0.03 1800x1.2 = 64.8
0.01 1800x1.2 =
21.6
110

1.1.2 Tai Trong Do Tng Xay Tren Dam

gt= bt. ht.ng.t =0.2(3.5 0.6)x1.1 = 1148(kG/m)

(01)

1.1.3 Tnh Tai Cua Trong Lng Ban Than Dam, San: Chng
trnh t tnh toan.
1.2 HOAT TAI (LIVE)
1.2.1 Hoat tai san: s bo chon va gan hoat tai san co cung gia
tr
Pstt = ptp. np = 200 x 1.2 = 240 (kG/m2)
(02)
1.2.2 Hoat tai gio (Wind)
Bang 2: Tai trong gio theo chieu cao cong trnh
Phng Tac Dung
Cao Trnh
Truc X
Truc Y(T)
(T)
Lau 1
14.93
10.45
Lau 2
16.25
11.38
Lau 3
17.42
12.20
Lau 4
18.00
12.60
Lau 5
18.45
12.91
1.3 TAI TRONG ONG AT (QUAKE):
1.3.1 V tr cong trnh va ac trng nen at di chan cong
trnh:
Bang 3: V tr cong trnh
Toa o
a danh
Kinh o
V o
Quan 1 (TPHCM)
106.6985
10.7825

Gia toc nen

agR
0.0848

Gia toc nen trung bnh thiet ke: a g = 1agR= 1x0.0848x9.81= 0.8319 m/s2,
vi o can nht =5%

Bang 4: Loai nen di chan cong trnh

Cac Tham So
Loai

NSPT

Mo ta

at cat, cuoi soi rat chat

hoac at set rat cng co
be day t nhat hang chuc
met, tnh chat c hoc tang
dan theo o sau.

Vs,30 (m/s)

(Nhat/30cm
)

Cu (Pa)

360-800

>50

>250

1.3.2 Pho phan ng gia toc nen :

1.3.2.1 Pho phan ng an hoi :
- Pho phan ng an hoi theo phng nam ngang

T
0 T TB : Se (T ) ag .S . 1 .(.2,5 1)
TB

(03)

TB T TC : S e (T ) ag .S . .2,5

(04)
TC

TC T TD : Se T ag S 2,5

TC .TD
2
T

TD T 4s : Se T ag S 2,5

(05)

(06)

Trong o:
Se(T)

Pho phan ng an hoi ;

Chu ky dao ong cua he tuyen tnh mot bac t do;

ag

Gia toc nen thiet ke tren nen loai A (ag = I. agR);

TB

Gii han di cua chu ky, ng vi oan nam ngang cua

pho phan ng gia toc: 0,15 (s)

TC

Gii han tren cua chu ky, ng vi oan nam ngang cua

pho phan ng gia toc; 0,5 (s)

TD

Gia tr xac nh iem bat au cua phan phan ng

dch chuyen khong oi trong pho phan ng; 2(s)

He so nen: 1,2

He so ieu chnh o can vi gia tr tham chieu = 1

oi vi o can nht 5%

Bang 5: Xay dng pho phan ng an hoi theo phng ngang

0 T TB 0 T 0.15
T
Sc
0
0.9983
0.1
1.9966
0.15
2.4957
Tc T TD 0.5 T 2
T
Sc
0.6
2.0798
0.8
1.5598
1
1.2479
1.5
0.8319
2
0.6239
-

TB T Tc 0.15 T 0.5
T
Sc
0.2
2.4957
0.4
2.4957
TD T 4s 2 T 4
T
Sc
2.5
0.3993
3
0.2773
4
0.1559

Pho phan ng an hoi theo phng thang ng :

T
0 T TB : Sve T avg . 1
(.3,0 1)
TB

(07)
TB T TC : Sve T avg ..3,0

(08)

TC T TD : Sve T avg ..3,0.

TC
T

(09)

TD T 4s : Sve T avg ..3,0.

TC .TD
T2

(10)

Bang : Cac gia tr kien ngh cho cac tham so mo ta pho phan
ng an hoi theo phng ng
Pho
Loai 1
Loai 2

avg/ag
0,90
0,45

TB(s)
0,05
0,05

TC(s)
0,15
0,15

TD(s)
1,0
1,0

Bang 6: Xay dng pho phan ng an hoi theo phng thang ng

0 T TB 0 T 0.05
T
Sv
0
0.7487
0.025
1.4974
0.05
2.2461
Tc T TD 0.15 T 1
T
Sd
0.15
2.2461
0.2
1.6846
0.5
0.6784
1
0.3369

TB T Tc 0.05 T 0.15
T
Sv
0.06
2.2461
0.08
2.2461
0.1
0.2461
TD T 1 T
T
Sd
2
0.0842
3
0.0374
4
0.0210

1.3.2.2 Pho thiet ke dung trong phan tch an hoi :

- oi vi thanh phan nam ngang :
2 T 2,5 2


3
T
q
3

0 T TB : S d (T ) ag .S .

TB T TC : Sd (T ) ag .S .

(11)

2,5
q

(12)

2,5 TC
ag .S
TC T TD : Sd T q T
.a
g

(13)

2,5 TC .TD
ag .S 2
TD T : Sd T q T
.a
g

(14)

Trong :
q : He so ng x ;
He so ng x q ; he so lam viec cua cac nha BTCT oi vi
cac tac ong ong at theo phng ngang c xac nh nh sau :
q q 0 .k w 1,5

(15)

Chon loai khung BTCT co cap deo trung bnh (DCM), ta co q 0 3,0
Vi nha he khung nhieu tang, nhieu nhp ta co :

u
1

u
1,3
1

: he so ng vi can di cua pho thiet ke theo phng ngang,

(=0,2)

Bang 7: Xay dng pho thiet ke dung trong phan tch an hoi theo
0 T TB 0 T 0.15
TB T Tc 0.15 T 0.5
T
Sd
T
Sd
0
0.6655
0.2
0.6399
0.1
0.6485
0.4
0.6399
0.15
0.6399
0.5
0.6399
Tc T TD 0.5 T 2
TD T 2 T
T
Sd
T
Sd
0.6
0.5333
3
0.1664
0.8
0.4000
4
0.1664
1
0.3200
5
0.1664
1.5
0.2133
6
0.1664
2
0.1664
7
0.1664
phng ngang:
-

oi vi thanh phan thang ng:

oi vi cac thanh phan thang ng cua tac ong ong at,

pho thiet ke c xac nh theo cac bieu thc tren, trong o gia
toc nen thiet ke theo phng ngang a g c thay bang gia toc nen
thiet ke aVg ; S c lay bang 1,0.
Bang 8: Pho thiet ke dung trong phan tch an hoi theo phng
ng
0 T TB 0 T 0.05
TB T Tc 0.05 T 0.15
T
Sv
T
Sv
0
0.4991
0.06
0.4799
0.01
0.4953
0.08
0.4799
0.02
0.4915
0.1
0.4799
0.03
0.4876
0.04
0.4838
0.05
0.4799
Tc T TD 0.15 T 1
TD T 1 T
T
Sd
T
Sd
0.15
0.4799
2
0.1497
0.2
0.3600
3
0.1497
0.4
0.1800
4
0.1497
0.6
0.1497
5
0.1497
0.8
0.1497
6
0.1497
1
0.1497
7
0.1497
2. CAC BC THC HIEN BANG PHAN MEM ETABS:
2.1 Xay dng mo hnh

Hnh 1: Mo hnh khung khong gian he ket cau phan tch

2.2. Khai bao tai trong tham gia dao ong (Mass source)

Hnh 2: Khai bao tong khoi lng xac nh cac dang dao ong
2.3. Khai bao san tuyet oi cng (Diaphragms):
Chon tng san -> Assign -> Shell/ Area -> Diaphragms

Hnh 3: Tam khoi lng

2.4. Khai bao
(Wind Load)
2.4.1 Gio ay theo phng x: GX

tai trong gio

Hnh 4: o ln tai trong gio ay tren cac tang phng x

2.4.2 Gio hut theo phng x: GXX

5: theo
o ln
gio y:
hut
2.4.3. GioHnh
ay
phng
GYtren cac tang theo phng x

Hnh 6: o ln gio ay tren cac tang theo phng y

2.4.4. Gio hut theo phng y: Gio GYY

Hnh 7: o ln gio hut tren cac tang theo phng y

2.5. Khai bao tai trong ong at (Quake Load)
Click chon menu Define Response Spectrum Functon

Hnh 8: Hop thoai Define Response Spectrum Functons

Click chon Add User Spectrum
Click chon menu Define Response Spectrum Cases

Hnh 9: Hop thoai Define Response Spectra

Click chon Add New Spectrum

Hnh 10: To hp ong at theo phng x Hnh 11: To hp ong at

theo phng y

Hnh 12: To hp ong at theo phng Z

2.6 Tai trong va to
1. Tnh tai

tai trong:

2. Hoat tai chat ay

3. Thanh phan tnh cua tai gio theo phng X
4. Thanh phan tnh cua tai gio theo phng XX (ngc chieu vi X)
5. Thanh phan tnh cua tai gio theo phng Y
6. Thanh phan tnh cua tai gio theo phng YY (ngc chieu vi Y)
7. ong at theo phng X (DDX Spectra)
8. ong at theo phng Y(DDY Spectra)
9. ong at theo phng Z(DDZ Spectra)
To hp noi lc

loai

TH12 = PA1+PA2

ADD

TH13 = PA1+PA3

ADD

TH14 = PA1+PA4

ADD

TH15 = PA1+PA5

ADD

TH16 = PA1+PA6

ADD

TH17 = PA1+PA7

ADD

TH18 = PA1+PA8

ADD

TH19 = PA1+PA9

ADD

TH123 = PA1+0.9(PA2+PA3)

ADD

TH124 = PA1+0.9(PA2+PA4)

ADD

TH125 = PA1+0.9(PA2+PA5)

ADD

TH126 = PA1+0.9(PA2+PA6)

ADD

10

TH127 = PA1+0.9(PA2+PA7)

ADD

TH128 = PA1+0.9(PA2+PA8)

ADD

TH129 = PA1+0.9(PA2+PA9)

ADD

THBAO = ENVE (TH12..TH129)

ENVE

Hnh 13: To hp tai trong.

2.7 Chon modes giao ong
Click chon menu Analyze Set Analysis Options..
Click chon Set Dynamic Parameters
Tai dong Number of Modes nhap gia tr 5 (Lay 5 modes giao ong
au tien)
2.8. Giai mo hnh.
3. SO SANH KET QUA NOI LC VA CHUYEN V CUA KET
CAU TRONG TRNG CO TNH EN TAI TRONG ONG AT:

Hnh 14: Cac phan t khung truc 1

3.1. SO SANH KET QUA NOI LC PHAN T DAM

11

Bang 9: Khong tnh en tai trong ong at

Truc
A-B
B-C
C-D

Phan
T
D1
D2
D3

Goi
-9.54
-9.67
-10.58

M (T.m)
Nhp
Goi
4.22 -10.58
2.23
-9.67
4.22
-9.54

Q (T)
Goi
Goi
-6.56 7.12
-6.54
6.54
-7.12
6.56

ang 10: Co tnh en tai trong ong at theo pho phan ng an

hoi
Truc
A-B
B-C
C-D

Phan
T
D1
D2
D3

M (T.m)
Goi
Nhp
Goi
-20.47 5.46 -19.93
-17.81
3.56 -17.81
-19.93
4.9
-20.47

Q (T)
Goi
Goi
-9.64 10.19
-9.00
9.00
-10.19
9.64

Bang 11: Co tnh en tai trong ong at theo pho thiet ke dung
trong phan tch an hoi
Truc
A-B
B-C
C-D

Phan
T
D1
D2
D3

Goi
-9.54
-9.67
-10.58

M (T.m)
Nhp
4.22
2.23
4.22

Goi
-10.58
-9.67
-9.54

Q (T)
Goi
Goi
-6.56
7.12
-6.54
6.54
-7.12
6.56

3.2 SO SANH KET QUA NOI LC PHAN T COT:

Bang 12: Noi lc trong phan t cot khong tnh en tai trong ong
at
Truc
A
B
C
D

Phan
T
C1
C2
C3
C4

M (T.m)

Q (T)

-8.07
7.39
-7.39
8.07

-4.67
4.18
-4.17
4.68

Bang 13: Noi lc trong phan t cot co tnh en tai trong ong at
theo pho phan ng an hoi
Truc

Phan T

M (T.m)

Q (T)

C1

-18.82

-10.48

C2

21.50

12.10

C3

-21.50

-12.10

C4

18.82

10.48

Bang 14: Noi lc trong phan t cot co tnh en tai trong ong at
theo pho thiet ke dung trong phan tch an hoi
Truc

Phan T

M (T.m)

Q (T)

C1

-8.07

-4.67

C2

7.39

4.18

C3

-7.39

-4.17

12

C4

8.07

4.68

3.3 SO SANH KET QUA CHUYEN V NH KHUNG TRUC 1:

Hnh 15: Chuyen v nh khi khong tnh en tai trong ong at

Hnh 16: Chuyen v nh khi tnh en tai ong at theo Pho phan
ng an hoi.
4. KET LUAN:
- Thiet ke cong trnh chu ong at theo phng phap pho phan
ng, phng phap phan tch pho phan ng dang dao ong, la mot
trong nhng phng phap ong va co nhieu u iem:
+ Phng phap nay phan tch ong tuyen tnh, cho phep ap dung
nguyen ly oc lap tac dung;
+ Phng phap nay xet en nhieu dang dao ong cua he ket
cau, tao ra mc o chnh xac hn khi thiet ke;
+ Vi kha nang a dang hien nay cua cac bo phan mem thiet
ke ket cau, phng phap nay tr nen n gian va de kiem
soat.
- Tuy nhien khi phan tch can ac biet lu tam en viec la chon
pho phan ng. Trong cac ket qua phan tch cho thay, neu dung
Pho thiet ke dung trong phan tch an hoi (loai pho co xet en
he so ng x q) ket qua noi lc do tac ong ong at khong
ang ke so vi cac loai tai trong khac. ieu nay cho thay, viec
a he so ng x q, bieu thc (15), nham giam tai cho tac ong
ong at, bieu thc (11); (12); (13); (14), xet s lam viec cua he
ket cau trong mien an hoi la cha chnh xac. Cac nha thiet ke
can than trong khi a vao he so ng x q khi chuyen Pho phan
ng an hoi sang Pho thiet ke dung trong phan tch an hoi.
Tai lieu tham khao

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1/ Nguyen Khanh Hung, Tran Trung Kien, Nguyen Ngoc Phuc

Thiet ke nha cao tang bang Etabs 9.04 NXB Thong Ke. 2007
2/ Alan E. Kehew - a chat hoc cho k s xay dng va can bo k
thuat moi trng Ban dch tieng Viet NXB GD. 1998
3/ Nguyen Le Ninh ong at va thiet ke cong trnh chu ong
at NXB XD. 2007.
4/ Le Van Quy, Leu Tho Trnh On nh cong trnh NXBH&THCN.
1979
5/ Bui c Vinh- Phan tch va thiet ke ket cau bang phan mem
Sap2000 NXB Thong ke.2006
6/ Tieu chuan TCVN2737.1995 - Tai trong va tac ong NXB
XD.1995
7/ Tieu chuan TCXDVN 375.2006 Thiet ke cong trnh chu ong
at NXB XD.2006
8/ ACI318M-05- Building code requirements for structural concrete and
commentary-2004

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