BI GI NG :

AUTOCAD NNG CAO V

L P TRNH TRONG AUTOCAD

Ng i l p : Tr n anh Bnh
Sch tham kho :
AutoCAD 2004 Bible - Wileys & Sons
Mastering in AutoCAD 2000 - George Omura
AutoCAD 2004 For Dummies - J ohn Wiley & Sons
AutoCAD 2000 (1,2) - KTS.LU Triu Nguyn.
AutoCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao - TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.
Cc tin ch thit k trn AutoCAD - TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.
- Nguyn Thanh Trung.
AutoCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao - TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.
AutoCAD 2004 ActiveX and VBA KS.Hong Thnh An.
S tit ging : 45 Tit
AutoCAD nng cao : 45 tit
L thuyt : 30 tit
Thc hnh : 5 bui (5x3=15 tit)
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PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)
Chng 1 : THI T LP MI TRNG BN v (9 tit)
I.Quy nh v b n v .
1.Cc thng tin c c t bn v
2.Cc khng gian trong CAD
3. nghTa ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v
4.Mt s quy nh chung
4.1.Khung v t l bn v
4.2.Quy nh v ng nt v c ch
II.Thi t l p mi tr ng v .
1.Text style.
2.Layer.
3.Dimesion Style.
4.Hatch.
5.Lnh LineType.
6.Block v Thuc tnh ca Block.
6.1.Block
6.2.Thuc tnh ca Block
6.3.Qun l cc block.
7.Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh Template.
8.Cc ty chn trong menu Option
III.Gi i thi u Express Tools.
Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N (6 tit)
I.Lm vi c v i Layout
1.Paper Space
2.Cc thao tc trn Viewport ca Paper Space
2.1.To cc Viewport
2.2.ct xn ng bao Viewport
2.3.T l trong tng Viewport
2.4.Layer trong tng Viewport
2.5.11 hin viewport
2.6.n hin ng bao viewport
2.7.Scale LineType
2.8.Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport
3.cc ch khi in nhiu t l trong mt bn v
II.i u khi n in n.
l.Khai bo thit b in.
2.1n ra file *.PLT
Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)
I.Tham kh o ngoi
1.Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi.
2.Chn mt xref vo bn v
2
3.M mt xref t bn v chinh
4. Hiu chinh xref t bn v chinh.
4.1.Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).
4.2.Thm, b bt cc i tng khi working set (Lnh refset).
4.3.Lnh refclose
4.4.M s bin h thng lin quan n xref.
5.iu khin s hin th ca mt xref.
5.1.Xref v cc thnh phn hin ph thuc.
5.2.Xref v lp.
5.3.Lnh Xbin.
5.4.Tham chiu vng.
5.5.Xn cc xref.
5.6.Tng tc hin thi ca cc xref ln.
6.Qun l xref
6.1.ng dn ca cc xref.
6.2.Xref notification
6.3.AutoCAD DesignCenter.
6.4.File bin bn (log) ca xref.
II.Lm vi c vi d li u ngoi (Working with External Database)
1.s lc v d iiu ngoi trong AutoCAD.
2.Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu.
3.nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.
4.nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD.
5.Chnh sa d liu trong AutoCAD
6.To cc mu kt ni.
7.To, hiu chnh v xa cc kt ni.
8.Quan st cc kt ni.
9.To mu nhn.
10.To nhn.
11.s dng query truy tm dliu
11.1.s dng Quick Query
11.2.s dng Range Query
11.3.s dng Range Query
11.4.s dng Link Select
III.Lm vi c v i Raster Image
1.Tng quan
2.Chn nh (inserting images
3.Qun l hnh nh (Managing images)
4.ct xn nh (Clipping images)
5.iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)
5.1.u khin hin th
5.2.Cht lng nh (Image quality)
5.3.Image transparency
5.4.Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame)
IV-Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects
1.Embedding objects into AutoCAD
2.Linking data
3.Pasting data into AutoCAD
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Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)
I.Cc i t ng shape. (1 ti t)
1.Khi nim v Shape.
2.Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.
2.1.Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).
2.2.Special Codes (m c bit)
II.T o font ch
1.To font ch SHX.
2.To big font.
3.To big font t file m rng.
III.T o cc d ng ng (file linetype)
1.Khi nim v phn loi dng ng.
2.To cc dng ng n gian.
2.1.Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.
2.2.To linetype bng cch son tho trc tip trong .LIN
IV.D ng ng ph c ch a i t ng shape
l.Dng ng phc c cha i tng ch.
V.T o cc m u m t ct.
1.File mu mt ct.
2.To mu mt ct n gin.
3.To cc mu mt ct phc tp.
VLMenu.
1.Menu v file menu.
1.1.Cc loi menu
1.2.Cc loi file menu
1.3.Ti, g b mt menu
2.Ty bin mt menu
2.1.Cu trc mt file menu
2.2.Menu Macro
2.3.Pull-down Menu
2.3.1.Section ca Pull-down menu
2.3.2.Tiu ca pull-down menu
_ _ _ . . rS . a ' ,, .
2.3.3.Tham chiu n pulldown menu
2.3.4.Chn v loi b Pull-down menu trn menubar
2.4.Shortcut menu.
2.5.Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.
2.5.1.Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu
2.5.2.To cc AUX menu.
2.5.3.Menu swaping.
2.6.Tmage Tile menus
2.6.1.Section ca Image menu
2.6.2.M t mc chn ca menu hnh nh
2.6.3.Gi hin thi cc menu linh nh
2.6.4.Slide v th vin slide.
2.7.Menu mn hnh.
2.7.1.Section ca menu hnh nh.
2.8.Chui ch thch thanh trng thi.
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2.8.1.Section ca on m t chui ch thch.
2.8.2.M t chui ch thch.
2.9.To cc phm tt.
2.9.1.Section ca on m t cc phm tt
2.9.2.To phm tt
VII.TooIbar
1.cch to toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar
1.1.To Toolbar
1.2.To nt lnh mi
1.3.sa nt lnh
1.4.To mt Flyout
2.Cch to toolbars bng cch son tho trong file *.mnu
2.1.Dng m t tng qut thanh cng c
2.2.Dng m t loi nt lnh Button
2.3.Dng m t loi nt lnh Flyout.
2.4.Dong m t nt lnh Control.
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PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)
M C CH V N I DUNG C A PH N AUTOCAD NNG CAO.
Sinh vin lm quen vi AutoCAD qua mn hc hnh ha, cc n mn hc.
Nhng phn ln sv mi ch lm quen vi AutoCAD v bit c mt s lnh c bn.
Phn AutoCAD nng cao s to cho sinh vin bit cch b cc, trnh by bn v mt cch
chuyn nghip, bit cch lm ch mi trng v ca mnh.
Chng 1 : THI T LP MI TRNG BAN v (9 tit)
I. Quy nh v b n v .
1. Cc thng tin c c t b n v
a. Hnh dng
b. vt liu (b tng, g ,...)
c. Kch thc (thng qua Dim, thng qua t ] +kch thc trn bn v)
d. T l
e. ng nt (thy khut)
2. Cc khng gian trong CAD
CAD cung cp 2 khng gian Model Space v Paper Space.
Model Space
- L khng gian giy v
- Cc thao tc v thng c thc hin trn m hnh ny.
Paper Space
- Cng l mt khng gian v.
- Trong paper space (PS), bn c th chn title block, to cc layout viewport,
dimension v thm cc notes trc khi in bn v.
- Trong PS bn c th tham chiu n 1hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l
khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport), (c bit quan trng trong v phi
cnh kin trc)
3. ngha c a vi c thi t l p mi tr ng b n v
k. Gip ngi dng thc hin qu trnh v mt cch nhanh hn.
1. Bn v, quy cch v c thng nht thnh tiu chun v, mu ha trong nhiu
khu
m. Bn v c t chc th hin mt r rng, mch lc.
n. Thnh qu lao ng c ti s dng li mt cch chuyn nghip hn
4. M t s quy nh chung
4.1. Khung v t l b n v
C 2 cch v :
- V t do : ko nh gii hn bn v
- V theo khung : Bn v c gii hn theo kh giy (lnh Limits)
Cc loi khung : khung A1,A2,A3,A4
T l bn v l t l gia kch thc trn bn v khi in ra v kch thc thc. C
cc cch v th hin t l bn v nh sau :
- V theo t l 1:1, scale khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn Model Space)
- V theo t l bn v. Gi nguyn khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn layout)
- V theo t ] bt k, khng ch t l khung in/ t l bn v (t dng)
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L nh MVSetup.
4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch
Quy nh v ng nt khi in :
- Nt lin mnh (ng bao dm, ng bao ct, cc nt thng thng):
- Nt lin m (Cc nt thp, nt ct qua,...):
- Nt hach
- Nt ca ch (ch dng khi font s dng SHX):
- Nt ca ng ghi ch v kch thc :
Quy nh v chiu cao ca ch: Bn v thng thng gm c hai c ch, ty theo t
l m ta t chiu cao ch khc nhau. Tuy nhin khi in ra phi m bo chiu co ch ghi
ch, chiu cao ch ca dim l 2,5mm. Chiu cao ch ca tiu l 5mm. (nu v d v
chiu cao ch v t l bn v)
Quy nh v khong cch cc Dim.
- Khong cch t chn dim n dim l 10mm
- Khong cch gia cc Dim song song nhau l 8mm
II. Thi t l p mi tr ng v .
1. Text style.
Command : STyle
EEf]Text Style
Style Name
Dim
Font
SHX Fort:
AA romans, shx
0 Use Big Font
Effects
Upside down
0 Backwards
Vertical
New.. Rename..
pply
elele
Big Font:
A vns.shx
Width Factor:
Oblique Angle:
Cancel
Help
Height:
Preview
AaBbCcD
AaBbCcD
Preview
Style name : Tn style
New, rename, delete : To mi, thay i tn v xa mt kiu ch'(Text style)
Font
- Font name : Tn phng
- font style : Ch n font ch m r ng c a font shx khi ch n Use Big font
- Height: Chi u cao m c nh c a font. AutoCAD s u tin s d ng chi u cao
ny trong ton b bn v . N u chi u cao ny b ng 0 th AutoCAD s l y chi u
cao nh p vo khi chn text
- Effects
- Upside down : L n ng c ch theo tr c n m ngang
- Backwards : Quay ng c ch [heo tr c th ng ng
- Vertical: Ch theo ph ng th ng ng
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- Width factor : Phng ch theo chi u ngang.
- Oblique Angle : Gc nghing c a ch .
Preview : xem trc cc nh dng chn.
2. Layer.
Command : Layer J
Bng Layer Properties Manager hin ln :
[ 0 Layer Properties Manager
3 AI 1Stat Name On Freeze Lock Color Linelype Lineweight Plot Style Plot Descriptor A
^ AHUsed Layers
CHU
Q
cyan CON ous ------ Default
%
>3 COT
I Q %
cyan CONGOUS ------ Default
i
DAM
O n
y w CON ous ------ Default

DEF POINTS
O i
white CON_OUS ------ Default
b
-'S DIM
Q O %
red CON ous ------ Default Color 1
s
Dimension
O '0
red CON_OUS ------ Default
I
S5* Grid line
Q
blue CON-OUS ------ Default C olc
%
HACHT
, O
g n CON ous ------ Default C o c
I
HATCH
5 Q 3 CON-OUS ------ Default
I
KHUAT
O 8 DASHED2 ------ Default Color 8
h
LINE
O *0
y-w CON-OUS ------ Default CoiorJ Z
>
LUOI
9 O
white CENTER2 ------ Default Color 7
i
NET
5 O
cyan CON ous ------ Default

NET-MO
O 8 CON-OUS ------ Default Colof_8
b
NETTHAY
_ . _ Q _
white CON ous ------ Default

Object line
Q m m ri
white CON-OUS ------ Default
1 _|
Rfthar
o
n in m ta CON mis
__
Cnlnr fi a. Ml
Seaich fot layer
\l
>
Alt 30 layers displayed of 30 total layeis
Invert rater 0 Apply to layers toolbar I OK I I Caned I Apply I Help
Filter :
To mt filter (n vo nt new filter)
US Laver Fitter Properties I ? I| X I
Filter name:
(wall] ___________ I Show exarrple
Filter definition:
Status Name On Freeze Lock Coloi Linelype Lreweighl Plot Style Plol Cure New VP
VaT 9
*
Filter pceview:
Status Name On Freeze Lock Color Linetype Lmeweight Plot Style Plol Curre New VP
S-EXST-WALL
V Q 74 CON ous - Default
&
S-WALL-3
o
m33 CON...OUS - Default Coor_33
s
S-WALL-FULL-1
Q Q
^ 044 CON-OUS Default Co)or_44
i
S-WALl-FULL-2
Q o *6 D33 CON ous - Default Color_33
i
'to S-WALL-J AMB
o ) 0 20 CON ous - Default
s %
S-WALL-PATT
Q Q ^ 08
CON...OUS Default Color_8
<a
S-WALL-PRHT-1
o *6 20 CON ous - Default Colof_20
s a
S-WALL-PRHT-3
5 Q % 20
CON OUS - Default Color_20
s <s <a
OK I I Cancel I I Help
Filter name : Tn ca nhm ]c.
Filter definition
- Status : 2 ch : ang s ng (current in use) v T t c layer (all layer)
- Name : L c theo tn, s d ng d u * thay th cho m t nhm k t , d u ?
thay th cho m t k t .
8
- On, freeze, lock, color, iineweight, Plot St e, Pot: L c theo cc thu c tnh c a
layer.
Filter preview : Xem trc cc i layer lc.
Nu dng lnh nhiu hn mt dng c coi l iu kin hoc.
[0L a yc r Filter Properties
1? i x |
Filter name:
!Filter!
Show example
Filter definition:
Status Name On Freeze Lock Cold Linetype Line weight Plot Style Flot
ydlow
1blue

*
< iSI
Filter pieview:
Status Name On Freeze Lock Color Linetype Lineweioht Plot Style Rot
BAO
Q
yellow CON-..OUS ------Default c : 2
Grid lin
o
blue CON ous ----- Default Cd 5
UNE
Q to
yellow CON...OUS------ Default Color J te
1 OK I I Cancel 1 [ Help 1
Group Layer:
To tng nhm lc. Layer trong nhm mi to khng bao gm cc layer trong bn
v. Ta c th nhp cc layer trong bn. Trong mi nhm ny ta c th to tng b lc
layer khc nhau.
Khi ta rhpn mt blork hay rhpn mr xrpf vn th AutoCAD s r ng rhpn flipm
group layer.
Layer States Manager
Ta c th xut cc nh dng layer ra file cha layer *.LAS
U Layer States Manager ? X
Layer states
Name
Vi Du
Space Desciption
M odel R estore duoc lay trong fe...
New...
Delete
Layer settings to restore
0 On /Off
0 Frozen / Thawed
0 Locked / Unlocked
0 Plot /H o Plot
1 I Current VP Frozen / Thawed
Import..
I Export..
Clear All
0 Color Select All
0 Linetype
0 Lineweight
0 Plot style
1 I New VP Frozen / Thawed
n T urn off layers not found inlayer state
Restore Close Help
9
Khi cc thuc tnh ca layer b thay i, ta c th khi phc li n bng cch
import li cc thuc tnh c lu li trong file *.LAS. Ch cc layer b xa i th
s khng khi phc li c.
Cc thuc tnh c khi phc li c quy nh trong Layer setting to restore.
(Frezen : qu kh ca freeze - ng bng, Thaw : s tan bng )
Turn off layers not found in layer state : Tt tt c cc layer khng tm thy trong file
*.LAS khi khi phc li thuc tnh.
3. Dimesion Style.
Command : DIMSTYLE J
imension Style Manager I ? il X I
Current Dimstyle: 1-100
Set Current
New...
Modify...
Override...
Compare...
I Help I
Set current: Chuyn dimstyle c chn sang ch o hin hnh.
New : To mi Dimstyle.
Modify : Chnh sa Dimstyle.
Override : Dng khi mun gn chng tm thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch
thc c chn.
Compare : So snh cc thng s trong 2 loi Dimstyle khc nhau trong bn v.
Hp thoi tao new :____________________
ffal Create New Dimension style f? j X
New Style Name:
Start With:
Use for:
Continue
1-100
Standard
All dimensions
IS.
in Xref:
Close
H p tho i Use for : Loi kch c p dng trong khi o
- All dimension : T t c cc o i kch th c.
- Linear : Kch th c th ng.
10
Angular : o gc
Radius : o bn knh
Diameter : o ng knh.
Ordinate : T a i m
Leader and tolerance : Ch thch v i ng d n v dung sai.
SU Modify Dimension style: 1-100
Red
Lines and Arrows Text Fit Primacy Units Alternateunils Tolerances
Dimension Lines
Color:
Lineweight:
Extend beyond ticks:
Baselinespacing:
By Block
Suppress: n DimLine1 n DimLine2
Extension Lines
Color QRed V
ByBlock V Lineweight:
Extend beyond dimlines:
Offset fromorigin:
Suppress: CD Ext Line1 Q Ext Line2
Arrowheads
1st \z Architectural tick V
2nd: [/? Architectural tick V
Leader: Architectural tick V
Arrow size: 1.5
-
Center Marks for Circles
Type: Mark f Size:
0.09
OK ~ I Cancel I I Help
Frame Dimension Line : (ng kch thc)
- Extend beyond ticks : Khong cch ng kch th c nh ra kh i ng ging
khi ta ch n arrowheads l gch cho.
- Baseline spacing : Kho ng cch gi a ng kch th c trong chu i kch th c
song song.
- Suppress : B qua ng kch th c th nh t, th hai, v c th nh t l n th
hai.
M t trong hnh v di y :
Frame Dimension Line:
- Extend beyond dim lines : kho ng ng ging nh ra kh i ng kch [h c.
- Offset from origin : Kho ng cch t qc nq qinq n u nq qinq.
- Suppress :B qua ng ging th nh t, th hai, c hai ng ging.
- M t trong hnh v d i y.
- Arrowheads : (M i tn)
- 1st: D ng m i tn cho u kch th c th nh t.
- 2nd : D ng m i tn cho u kch th c th hai.
- Leader : D ng m i tn cho u ng ch thch.
- Arrow size : n u m i tn. Ch n User arrow, khi h p tho i hi n ra, ta
nh p tn block dng lm m i tn vo h p tho i.
- Center Marks for Circles : (D u tm v ng tm)
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Type : Dng du tm (mark), ng tm (line) hay khng hin g (none).
Size : kch thc du tm.
ff| Modify Dimension Style: 1-100 ? IX I
Lines and Arrows Text Fit Primary Units AlternateUnits Tolerances
Dim
None
T ext Appearance
T ext style:
T ext coloc: Cyan
Fill color:
T ext height:
Fraction height scale:
Draw frame around text
T ext Placement
IB
2.5
T ext Alignment
o Horizontal
Vertical: Above V
Aligned withdimension line
Horizontal: Centered
VJ
o ISO Standard
Offset fromdimline: 1.5
OK ~~| Cancel I I Help
Text Appearance:
- Text st e : Ch n tn ki u ch hi n ln trong kch th c. Ta c th lm hi n
b ng text style trong [...] bn c nh text style.
- Text color : Mu ch
- Fill color : mu n n c a ch .
- Text height: Chi u cao c a ch .
- Fraction height scale : Cn t l gi a chi u cao ch s dung sai v ch s kch
th c.
- Draw frame around text: v khung ch nh t bao quanh ch s kch th c.
Text Placement:
- Vertical: iu chnh v tr ch theo ph ng th ng ng.
Center : Ch s nm gia ng kch thc.
Above : Ch s nm trn ng kch thc.
Outside : v tr nm ngoi ng kch thc v xa im gc o nht.
J IS (J apanese industrial Standards): v tr ch ca ng kch thc theo tiu
chun Nht.
- Horizontal: v tr c a ch so v i ph ng n m ngang.
Centered : nm gia hai ng ging.
1 St Extension Line : Ch s nm v pha ng ging th nht. Khong
cch t ch n ng ging bng tng chiu di mi tn v bin Offset from
dim line
- Offset from dim line : kho ng cch t ch n ng kch th c. TC kho ng 1-2
mm.Nu ch nm gia ng kch thc th y l khong cch gia ch v 2
nhnh ca ng kch thc.Nu bin ny m th AutoCAD s t ng chuyn
s ny thnh dng.
Text Alignment: i u chnh h ng c a ch .
- Horizontal: ch lun lun n m ngang.
12
- Aligned with dimension line : ch c ging song song v i ng kch th c.
- ISO Standard : ch s song song v i d ng kch th c khi n n m trong hai
ng ging, v s n m ngang trong tr ng h p n m ng c l i.
[ Modify Dimension Style: 1-100
Lines and Arrows Text Fit Primary Unis Alternate Units Tolerances
Fit Options
If there isnt enough roomto place both text
and arrows inside extension lines, the first
thing to move outside the extension lines is:
O Either the text or the arrows,
whichever fitsbest
O Arrows
OT ext
O Both text dr iddiium
Always keep text between ext lines
I~1Suppress arrows if they don't fit inside
the extension lines
T ext Placement
When text is not inthe default position, place it
O Beside the dimension line
O Over the dimension line, with a leader
Over the dimension line, without a leader
Ssale for Dimension Features
Use overall scale of:
O Scale dimensions to layout (paperspace)
Fhe T uning
Place text manually when dimensioning
0 Always draw dimlinebetween ext lines
OK Cancel Help
Fit Options : th ny s kim tra xem, nu ch trng th s t text v ng
kch thc theo ng v tr quy nh mc trc. Cn nu khng ch trng ghi
text th text v ng kch thc s c ghi theo cc quy nh sau :
- Either the text or (he arrows whichever fits best:
Khi ch trng th text v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho text th mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
Khi ch ch cho mi tn th text s c v ra ngoi.
- Arrows :
Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn s c v trong 2 ng ging
cn ch th c v ra ngoi.
Khi khng ch cho mi tn th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
- Text:
Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho Text th Text s c v trong 2 ng ging cn mi
tn th c v ra ngoi.
Khi khng ch cho Text th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
- Both text and arrouws : Khi khng choc ho ch s ho c m i tn th c hai s
c v ro ngoi.
- Always keep text between ext lines : ch s v kch th c lun lun n m gi a hai
ng ging.
- Suppress arrows if they dont fit inside the extension lines : s khng xut hi n
m i tn n u gi a hai ng ging khng ch trng v .
Text Placement: quy nh v tr ca ch s kch thc khi di chuyn chng ra khi
v tr mc nh
13
- Beside the dimension line : s p x p bn c nh ng ging.
- Over the dimension line, with a leader : s p x p ra ngoi ng kch th c km
theo mt ng dn.
- Over the dimension line, Without a leader : s p x p ra ngoi ng kch [h c
m km theo b t k m t ng d n no.
Scale for Dimension Features :
- Use overall scale o f : Phng ton b cc bi n kch th c theo t ny. Ring gi
tr ch s o c khng b thay i.
- Scale dimensions to layout (paper space) : Dng trong paper space. Nghin c u
sau.
Fine Tuning : gn mt s la chn b xung.
- Place text manually when dimensioning : t v tr text b ng cch t ch n v tr
sau m i n o.
- Always draw dim line between ext lines : Lun lun v ng kch th c n m
gi a hai ng ging.
^M odify Dimension Style: 1-100
Lines and Arrows Text Fit Primary Units AlternateUnits Tolerances
Linear Dimensions
Unit format:
Precision
Fraction format
Decimal separator:
Round off:
Prefix:
Suffix:
Decimal
"(Period) V
100
Measurement Scale
Scale factor:
Apply to layout dimensions only
Zero Suppression
Leading
T railing
Angular Dimensions
Units format: DecimalDegrees
Precision: 0
Zero Suppression
Leading
O T railing
OK Cancel Help
inear Dimensions : gn dng v n v cho kch thc di
- Unit format: Gn d ng n v cho t t c cc lo i kch th c,
ngo i tr kch th c gc. Theo TCVN ta ch n Decimal.
- Precision : Quy nh s cc s th p phn s xut hi n trong
gi tr o c.
- Fraction format : Gn d ng cho phn s, cc l a ch n bao
g m : Digonal, Horizontal v not stacked.
- Dicimal separator : Quy nh v du ngn cch gi a ph n
th p phn v ph n nguyn.
- Round of f : Quy nh v cch m trn. VD nh p vo 0.15 th
c cc s o s lm trn n 0.15
- Prefix/ Suffix : Ti n t v h u t c a text o c.
Measurement Scale :
Architectural
Fiactional
Windows Desktop
V (Period)
t t BE
V (Comma)
"(Space)
' m
14
- Scale factor : chi u di o c s c nhn v i bi n ny ra chi u di hi n
th trong dim.
- Apply to ayout dimensions only : Dng trong paper space, ch a nhgin c u y
Zro suppression :
- Leading : B nh ng s 0 ng tr c khng c ngha VD 0.25 - .25
- Trailing : B qua nh ng s 0 khng c ngha trong ph n th p phn VD 2.50 -
2.5
Angular Dimensions :
- Unit format : Gn d ng n v cho kch th c gc. Theo TCVN ta ch n Degreesl.
- Prcision : Quy nh s cc s th p phn s xu t hi n trong gi tr o c.
Zro suppression :
- Leading : B nh ng s 0 ng tr c khng c ngha VD 0.25 - .25
- Trailing : B qua nh ng s 0 khng c ngha trong ph n th p phn VD 2.50 -
2.5
H Modify Dimension Style: B1 -2.5
Lines and Arrows Text Fit Primary Units Alternate Units Tolerances
0 Display alternate units
Alternate Units
Unit format:
Precision
Multiplier for alt units:
Round distances to:
Prefix:
Decimal
-
0 V
25.40
0.025
DR
Suffix:
Zero Suppression
0 Leading
0 T railing
!0 Feet
J 0 Inches
Placement
o After primary value
Below primary value
OK Cancel Help
Alternate units : gn cc n v lin kt. Gn dng v chnh xc n v chiu di,
gc, kch thc v t l ca n v o lin kt (gia inch v millimeter)
Display alternate units : Hin th kch thc lin kt( l dng kch thc nh km
vi kch thc lin kt chnh, v d nh kch thc lin kt chnh l minimeter, cn kch
thc lin kt l inch. Kch thc lin kt ph l kch thc i km gii thch cho kch
thc chnh)
Alternate units
- Unit format: Gn n v lin kt.
- Precision :Gn s cc s th p phn c ngha d a trn d ng n v di v gc m
b n chn.
- Multiplier for alt units : Chnh s t gi a n v kch th c chnh v n v
kch th c lin kt.
- Round distance to : Quy nh quy t c lm [rn s cho kch th c lin k t
15
- Prefix : Ti n t cho kch th c lin k t.
- Suffix : H u t cho kch th c lin k t.
Zro suppression :
- Leading :B nh ng s 0 ng tr c khng c ngha VD 0.25 - .25
- Trailing :B qua nh ng s 0 khng c ngha trong ph n th p phn VD 2.50 -
2.5
Placement : nh v v tr t kch thc lin kt
- After primary value : t v tr kch [h c lin k t sau v tr kch th c lin k t
chnh.
- Beiow primary value : t kch th c lin kt d i v tr kch th c lin kt
chnh.
[[Modify Dimension style: 1-100 I ? X
Lines and Arrows Text Fit Primary Units AlternateUnits Tolerances
T olerance Format
Method:
Precision
Upper value:
Lower value:
Scaling for height:
Vertical position:
Zero Suppression
r~| Leading
n T railing
None
Middle
] 0 Feel
] 0 Inches
Alternate Unit Tolerance
Precision:
Zero Suppression
0 Leading
Trailing
] 0 Feet
] 0 Inches
OK ~] I Cancel I I Help
Tolerance : iu khin s hin th v hnh dng ca cc ch s dung sai.
Tolerance Fomat
- Methode : Gn ph ng php tnh dung sai kch th c.
- None : khng thm vo sau kch th c sai ch gi h n gi
tr dung sai.
- Symmetrical : Du xut hi n tr c cc gi tr dung sai.
Khi sai lch gii bn trn v sai lch gii hn di s c
gi tr tuyt i bng nhau. Ta ch cn nhp gi tr vo
upper value.
- Deviation : Sai l ch gi i h n m v d ng khc nhau, khi ta i n sai l ch
gi i h n m vo Lower value v sai l ch gi i h n d ng vo Upper value.
- Limits : T o nn cc kch th c gi i h n. Kch th c gi i h n trn b ng kch
th c danh ngha c ng v i gi tr soi l ch gi i h n trn (Upper value), kch
th c gi i h n d i b ng kch th c danh ngha tr i gi i h n d i (Lower
value).
Deviation
None
Symmetrical
Deviation
Limits
Basic
16
- Basic : T o m t khung ch nh t bao quanh ch s kch th c. Kho ng cch t
ch s kch thc n khung ch nht bng khong cch t ch s kch thc
n ng kch thc khi khng chn mc ny.
Liri its
1-
>00+0,03
Xl
/ 4
Precision : Hin th v gn s cc s thp phn c ngha.
- Upper value : Hi n th v gn sai l ch gi i h n trn.
- Lower value : Hi n th v gn sai l ch gi i h n d i.
Scaling for height : T s gia chiu cao ch s kch thc v ch s dung sai kch
thc.
Vertical position : Quy nh im canh l ca cc gi tr dung sai Top
dng symmetrical. Bao gm 3 kiu (Bottom, middle, top).
Bottom
Middle
3000-3
, 1
5000- 200'
kt.
Alternate Unit Tolerance: quy nh cch thc gn chnh xc cho kch thc lin
- Prcision : Hi n th v gn chnh xc cho dung sai kch th c lin kt.
Zro suppression :
- Leading : B nh ng s 0 ng tr c khng c ngha VD 0.25 - .25
- Traiing : B qua nh ng s 0 khng c ngha trong ph n th p phn VD 2.50 ->
2.5
4. Hatch.
Command : BHATCH J
N Boundary Hatch and F ill
Type: Predefined
Pattern: ANSI31
m
Swatch:
Custompattern:
Anyjc. 0
J Relative to paper space
[ 4 | Pick Points
Select Objects
Xl Remove Islands
Q J yiew Selections
| ^ | Inherit Properties
Draw Order
Send behind boundary
Composition
Associative
O Nonassociative
Preview OK Cancel Help
17
Th Hatch
Type : C 3 mu mt ct :
- Predefinied : Cho php ta ch n m u m t c t trong file
ACAD.PAT. C 3 lo i m t c t ANSI (American Tpe:
National Standards Institute), ISO (International
Standards Organisation) v Other Predefined
- Custom : Ch n m u m t c t c t o t cc file .PAT
- User Defined : Dng ch n m u cc o n th ng song song. Khi ta nh p vo
kho ng cch gi a cc ng (spacing) v gc nghing (angle) c a hatch.
Swatch (mu mt ct) : Hin h mu mt ct chn. Nu chn mu mt ct l
Solid th swatch hin th thuc tnh mu ca hatch.
User defined
Custom
I 0 Hatch Pattern Palette
ANSI ISO Other Predelned Custom
V.
ANSI32 ANSI33 ANSI34
p .
ANSI3S
Custom pattern : Chn cc mu la chn cha trong file .PAT
Pattern : Chn cc mu c sn trong file ACAD.PAT
Angle : Gc nghing ca hatch
Scale : T ] phng
Iso pen with : Nu chn mu theo ISO th cho php chn chiu rng ca bt khi xut
bn v ra giy
Double : Ch c tc dng khi ta chn User - Defined Pattern. Double Hatch cho php
ta to thm cc ng mt ct vung gc. Hnh thnh li vung lin tip nhau.
Pick points, Select objects : Chn mt vng khp kn.
Remove Island : B i mt vng nh trong vng chn
Inherit Properties : Ly mu mt ct t mt hatch t trn bn v
Associative : Nu chn mc ny th hacth s t ng bm dnh ly cc ng bin.
C th l khi ta di chuyn ng bin hay mt object bn trong hatch, Hatch s t ng
thay i bm ly cc object v boundary.
18
ffal Boundary Hatch and Fill
Hatch Advanced Gradient
Island detection slyle
Normal
Object type
Boundary sei
w/Zy
o Quter o lanoie
Retain boundaries
Current viewport V
4
New
Island detection method
Flood
o Ray casting
Ga loteiance
units
| Pi ck Points
Select Objects
X Bemove Islands
View Selections
1^1 Inherit Properlies
)raw Order
Send behind boundary V
Composition
Associative
o iionassociative
Pfeviev OK Cancel Help
Th Advanced
Island detection style : Chn kiu v mt ct nh m t trong hnh km theo :
Object type (mu mt ct): Nu chn Retain boundaries th ng bin sau khi
hatch s tr thnh dng polyline hoc Region..
Buondary set: Chn khi xc nh ng bin bng pick point.
Current viewport: Ch gii hn trong ca s nhn
hin hnh.
Chn new chn mt gii hn cho lnh pick
point. Khi buondary set s thnh Existing set
- Island detection method : m t cch xc nh
cc island.
- Food : Cc island c xem cc i t ng bin.
- Ray casting : D tm ng bin theo i m ta ch nh theo h ng ng c chi u
kim ng h.
Boundary set
Existing set V
1*
New
1Current viewport
Existing set
19
HU Boundary Hatch and Fill
Hatch Advanced Gradient
Qne color
o Two colof
<
Shade
>
Tint
J

M
nr

0 Centered
Angle:
f Preview
[~4$| Pick Points
_ Select Objects
X fiemove Islands
Q , View Selections
0 Inherit Properties
raw Order
Send behind boundary
Composition
) Associative
o Nonassociative
OK ~) I Cancel I I Help
- One color : Phi gi a mu c ch n v mu tr ng.
- Tint : Mu nh .
- Shade : Mu m.
- Two color : Phi gi a hai mu c ch n.
- Center : ng tm.
- Angle : gc quay c a mu.
5. L nh LineType.
Command : Linetype J
BULinetype Manager
Linetype filters
Show all used linetypes ~~ Invert fitter
Cuiient Linetype: HIDDEN
Load .. ~| I Delete
urrent ~| HideRetails
Linetype
ByLayer
RyRlnrk
CENTER
CONTINUOUS
DASHDOT
HIDDEN
Appeaiance Des^iiplion
Cente-____
Contiruous
Hidden
Detas
J ame:
Dgscripti
0 y se paper space units for scaling
global scale factor:
Current object scale:
ISO pen width
0.5
OK Cancel ] I Help
20
H p tho i Lineiype Manager.
- Goba scale factor (l nh Itscae) : quy nh t l phng to hay thu nh ng
th ng ( Dng khi ng th ng khng ph i nt li n)
- Current object scale (l nh celtscale) Quy nh t d ng ng cho i t ng
s p v . V d : Khi bi n Itscale b ng 2, bi n cetscale b ng 0.5 khi i t ng
s p v s c t d ng ng l 1.
- Linetype filters : L c cc ng hi n th trn linetype manager. Nt invert filter l
ph nh c a h p filter .
6. Block v Thu c tnh c a Block.
6.1. Block
Command : block.
BU Block Definition
Name: Sample
Base point
I J [| Pick point
Objects
j ?. Select objects
131349.234345924
6358.217205916008
0.00
o etain
Convert to block
o Delete
3 objects selected
Preview icon
o Do not include an icon
Cieate icon tromblock geometry
Drag-and-drop units:
I Unitless
Description:
i du ve blockl
Hyperlink.-
OK Cancel I I Help
Name : Ti a 255 k t.
Object.
- Retain : Gi l i cc i t ng ch n nh l cc i t ng ring bi t
- Convert to block : Chuy n ( t c cc i t ng thnh group u n.
- Delete : Xa t t c cc i t ng ch n sau khi t o block.
Preview icon : cho php xem trc block nh mt Icon.
Drag - and - drop units : Ch nh n v ca block trong trng hp c s thay i
t l khi ko t AutoCAD DesignCenter vo bn v.
Description :
Hyperlink :
6.2. Thu c tnh c a Block
nh ngha thu c tnh
Thuc tnh l thnh phn ca mt block c th l dng ch nh km theo khi
(block). N nh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh v cc dng nhc hin th khi chn block vi
thuc tnh.
21
T o thu c tnh cho kh i.
Lnh Attdef (Define attributes): cho php nh ngha cc thuc tnh ca block. Thi
thc hin lnh Attdef hp thoi sau s bin ln :
ffal Attribute Definition f?~|fx~
Mode
I I invisible
d l Constant
I I Verify
| I Preset
Insertion Point
1*1 Specify On-screen
Attribute
Tag:
Prompt:
Vajue:
Hang
Nhp vo tn Hng sx
ViNaComex
Text ptions
J ustification:
T ext S tyle:
Height <
Rotation <
I previous attribute defin
Center
stylel
OK Cancel Help
Cc la chn ca hp thoi Attribute Definition nh sau :
Mode :
Attribute modes : Phng thc thuc tnh. Gm 4 la chn xc nh c xut hin v
gi tr thuc tnh : Invisible. Constant, Verify v present.
- Invisible : sau ki chn block vi thuc tnh th thuc tnh s khng hin ln trn
mn hnh. La chn ny s gip cho vic ti to bn v c nhanh hn. Cc c
th iu khin li s hin th ca cc thuc tnh bng vic thay i li la chn
trong lnh Attdisp.
- Constant: cc gi tri thuc tnh s khng thay i. Khi son tho Prompt trn
vng attribute s c che i.
- Verify : khi chn block cng cc thuc tnh th dng nhc thm tra li s chnh
xc ca cc thuc tnh va nhp s c hin ln.
- Preset: AutoCAD khng cho php nhp gi tr thuc tnh khi s dng lnh insert
rhpn, tuy nhin thnr tnh ny r th thay i hng lnh Attprir.
Attribute : g d liu cho cc thuc tnh (attribute data). Bn c th nhp ti a
256k t, Du gch ch (\) s thay cho k t trng. Nu bn mun nhp k t\ th phi,
nhp hai k t gch cho cnh nhau.
- Tag : Xc nh tn ca tag. C th cha k t bt k ngoi tr du cch v du
chm than. AutoCAD s t ng thay th ch thng thnh ch hoa.
- Prompt: nh dng nhc thuc tnh, s c hin th khi bn mun chn block
cha thuc tnh. Nu bn chn constant th vng mode ny s khng hin ln.
- Value : nh ngha gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh.
22
Insertion point: nh v tr cho thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr ta hoc chn pick point
nh v tr im trc tip chn trn bn v.
Text options : gn cc nh dng k t cho ch (attribute text).
- Justification : nh im canh l cho dng ch thuc tnh (Nh lnh DText)
- Text Style : nh kiu ch cho dng ch thuc tnh.
- Height : nh chiu cao ca dng ch thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr vo ny hoc
chn height< nhp chiu cao bng cch nhp hai im trn bn v. Nu bn
nhp chiu cao ca Text style trong lnh Style th height s b m i.
- Rotation : Ch nh gc nghing cho dng ch thuc tnh. Nhp gc quay vo
rotaion. Nu bn chn Align hoc fit trn danh sch justufication th la chn ny
s c che m i.
- Align below previous attribute definition : sp xp cc attribute tag ngay bn di
thuc tnh nh ngha trc ( cho trng hp block c nhiu thuc tnh).
Nu trc bn cha to bt k mt thuc tnh no th la chn ny s m i.
Hi u chnh cc nh ngha thu c tnh.
Lnh Ddedit (vit tt ED). Bng Edit Attribute Definition hin ra nh sau :
ffal Edit Attribute Definition f?~||x
Tag:
Prompt
Default:
Nhp vo tn Hng sx
ViNaCotnex
Cancel Help
Bn c th chnh li cc thng s ca thuc tnh ri n nt OK.
Ngoi ra ta c th s dng lnh change thay i cc nh ngha thuc tnh hin c.
Gn thu c tnh cho block.
gn thuc tnh cho block ta gn thuc tnh cho block khi nh ngha block ngha l
khi to block ta chn thm nh ngha.
Trnh t chn cc thuc tnh quy nh trnh t hin th cc dng nhc khi bn chn
block vi thuc tnh bng lnh insert.
Chn block vi thuc tnh vo trong bn v.
Chn block c thuc tnh bng lnh insert cng nh chn block bnh thng. Tuy
nhin nu bin ATTDIA =1th xut hin hp thoi Enter Attributes, trn hp thoi ny ta
nhp cc gi tr thuc tnh. Ph thuc vo s lng cc thuc tnh m ta gn cho block m
ta c s lng cc TextBox nhiu hay t. Ngc li nu ATTDA =0 th hp thoi ny s
khng c hin ln. ta nhp cc thuc tnh ca block di dng lnh.
23
M Edit Attributes ? [x
Blockname: 123
Nhp vo tn Vt Liu
Nhp vo tn Hng sx
Nhp vo Khi Lildng (m3)
ViNaComex
14
OK Cancel Previous Next Help
Xin ang
V iJ aC om ex
14
i u khi n s hi n th c a cc thu c tnh.
Lnh Attdisp iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh block ti bn v hin hnh.
Bin ny l ON th s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block. Bin ny l OFF th cc thuc tnh
ny s khng c hin th ln. Vic tt s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block khi khng
cn hit s lm cho bn v c ti tao nhanh hn.
Command: attdisp
Enter attribute Vi si bi l i t y setting [Normai/ON/OFF1 <Normal>: of
Regenerating model.
c p nh t thay i.
Lnh Attsync cho php cp nht nhng g thay i ca block ch nh vi cc
thuc tnh hin hnh xc nh cho block.
V d khi thay i cc thuc tnh, sau ta nh ngha li block. Dng lnh AttSync
update li cc thuc tnh ca block.
Command: attsync
Enter an option [?/Name/SeIect] <Seect>: ?
24
Attributed blocks: 123
Enter an option [?/Name/Seiect] <Select>: N
Enter name of block to sync or [?]: 123
Chn block cn cp nht chn select.
Nhp ? lit k danh sch block c.
Ch nh tn ca block cn cp nht chn Name.
Hi u chnh thu c tnh c a block.
Hi u chnh thu c tnh b ng nhAttedit
Lnh Attedit cho php bn hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca block chn vo trong bn
v. Khi nh lnh ny hp thoi Edit Attribute s hin ln. Tuy nhin lnh ny ch cho
php hiu chnh block vi thuc tnh mt cch ring l.
BU Edit Attributes f~?~|fx]
Block name: 123
Nhp vo tn Vt Liu
Nhp vo tn Hng sx
Nhp vo Khi Lng (m3)
OK Cancel Previous Next Help
L nh -Attedit
Edit attributes one at a time? [Yes/No] <Y>: N sa nhiu thuc tnh mt lc
Performing global editing of attribute values.
Edit only attributes visible on screen? TYes/Nol <Y>:
Enter block name specification <*>:
Enter attribute tag specification <*>:
Enter attribute value specification <*>:
Select Attributes: 1found
Select Attributes: 1found
Select Attributes: 1found
Select Attributes: J
3 attributes selected.
Enter string to change: Ximang
Chn tt c cc block
chn Ximang ca block th
nht.
chn Thep ca block th hai.
Chn Ximang ca block th
ba
Thay nhng chui l Ximang
ViNaComex
14
25
Enter new String: Cat thnh chui Cat
Tr c khi hi u chnh
< A

^ A
4* * 4
A

1
* .* *
..1
i < A
' .
' \
<
Xin ang Thep Xin ang
V aC omex VtUc V aC omex
21 25 12
Sau khi hi u chnh
4 1

4' V A - ,
c at
i
Thep c at
V aC omex VtUc V aC omex
21 25 12
Hi u chnh thu c tnh b ng nh Eattedit.
Lnh Eattedit (hoc nhy kp chut) hp thoi Enhanced Attribute Editor c
hin th :
Command: Ettedit
Select block reference:
Nu block bn chn khng cha thuc tnh hoc i tng chn khng phi l block
th xut hin dng thng bo li. Bn phi chn li block khc.
26
ffH Enhanced Attribute Editor
Block: 123
Tag: TENVL
Attribute Text Options Properties
Select block
Tag Prompt Value
TENVL Nhp vo tn Vt Liu Ximang
HANG Nhp vo tn Hng ... ViNaComex
KHOILUONG Nhp vo Khi Ld... 14
Value: Ximang
Apply
OK
L
Cancel Help
Select Block : chn block trn bn v.
Apply : cp nht cc thay i cu thuc tnh.
Attribute :
- Hi n th Tag, Prompt v Value gn cho m i thu c tnh
- Value : Gn gi tr cho thuc tnh c chn.
Enhanced Attribute Editor
Block: 123
Tag: TENVL
Select block
Attribute Text Options Pfoperties
Text Style: stylel
J ustification:
Height:
Center
1.0000
I I Backwards I I Upside down
Width Factor: 1.0000
Rotation: 0 0 blique Angle: 0
Apply OK Cancel Help
Text Options : gn cc thuc tnh cho text. Cc la chn nh trong hp thoi to
thuc tnh cho block.
- TextStye :Ki u text thu c tnh s hi n ln mn hnh.
- Justification : Ch nh i m canh l cho text thu c tnh.
- Height: Ch nh chi u cao dng ch thu c tnh.
- Rotation : Ch nh gc quay thu c tnh dng ch thu c tnh.
- Backwards : Ch nh dng ch thu c tnh i x ng theo ph ng th ng ng.
- Upside down : Ch nh dng ch chu c tnh i x ng ph ng ngang.
- Oblique Angle : Ch nh nghing dng ch thuc tnh.
27
fa Enhanced Attribute Editor
Block: 123
Tag: TENVL
Select block
Attribute II Text Options Properties
Layer:
Linetype:
Color:
Plot style:
ByLayei
ByLayer
Lineweight
ByLayer
Apply OK
L
Cancel Help
Propertie : xc nh lp cha thuc tnh chiu rng nt in, dng ng, mu,....
- Layer : Ch r l p ch a thu c tnh
- LineType : ch nh d ng ng.
- Color : ch nh mu c a text thu c tnh.
- Pot Stye : Ch r ki u in c a thu c tnh. Nu b n v s d ng ki u in hi n
hnh l ki u in theo mu th bng ny s c lm m i.
- LineWeight: Ch r chi u r ng net c a thu c tnh.
Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh.
s dng lnh Rattman hiu chnh cc tnh cht thuc tnh ca nh ngha block.
Khi nh lnh Battman hp thoi Block Attribute Manager hin ln nh sau :
Ffaj Block Attribute Manager
$
Select bjock Block:
Sync
Tag Prompt Default Mo...
TENVL Nhp vo tn Vt Liu Ximang
HANG Nhp vo tn Hng ... ViNaComex
KHILUONG Nhp vo Khi L... 14
Move Up
Move Down
Edit...
Remove
Found in drawing: 2 Found in model space: 2
Settings... Apply I OK Cancel Help
Chn Edit th hp thoi Edit Attribute s hin ln nh sau :
28
51]Edit Attribute
0
Active Block: 123
Attribute
Text Options Properties
Mode
0 Invisible
[ ] Constant
1 I Verify
n Preset
Data
Tag:
Piompt:
Default:
TENVL
Nhp vo tn Vt Liu
Ximang
[*1 Auto preview changes
OK Cancel Help
Th Attribute : nh trnh by trong mc to thuc tnh.
Data : Bn c th sa gi tr ca Tag, Prompt, Default.
ff Edit Attribute
Active Block: 123
Attribute Text Options Properties
fe
Text Style:
J ustification:
Height:
Rotation:
stylel V
Center V
B i
I Backwards m Upside down
1.0000 Width Factor:
Oblique Angle:
1.0000
0 0
0 Auto preview changes
OK Cancel Help
Th Text Options : chn cc nh dng v ch.
- Backwards : i x ng theo ph ng th ng ng
- Upside down: i x ng theo ph ng ngang.
- Cc l o ch n khc nh trong ph n t o thu c tnh c a khi.
29
51] Edit Attribute
Active Block: 123
Attribute T ext 0 ptions Properties
S B
Layer:
Linetype:
Color:
Plot style:
ByLayef
*
v
ByLayet Line weight: ByLayer
0 Auto preview changes
OK Cancel Help
Th Properties : bao gm cc la chn v layer, color, linetype,...
Nu chn setting th hp thoi setting s hin ln nh sau
Display in list
P I Prompt
0 Default
0 Modes
Style
Select All
I I J ustification
l~1 Height
^Rotation
/idth Factor
I I Oblique Angle
QR<*
Wid
Clear All
I*'! Emphasize duplicate tags
0 Apply changes to existing references
Layer
[~~l Linetype
n Color
I I Lineweight
l~1 Plot style
OK Cancel Help
Trch thng tin thu c tnh.
Sau khi to v chn block vi thuc tinh vo bn v, ta c th trch thng tin ca hlock
ra file nh dng ACII (.TXT). Cc thng ny c th c s dng bi mt s phn mm
khc.
L nh Attext (Attribute Extaction).
30
^Attribute Extraction
File Format
Comma Delimited File (CDF)
O Space Delimited File (SDF)
O DXF Format Extract File (DXK)
0 8
Select Objects < Number found: 0
Template File...

Output File...
test.txt
1 I
Cancel Help
- Format file : chn cc nh dng format file AutoCAD duyt qua nh s trnh
by di y.
- Select Object: chn cc block cn trch thng tin. s lng cc block chn th
hi n trong Number found.
- Output File : chn file s xut thng tin ra.
File thng tin thuc tnh (Format file).
Thng tin thuc tnh ch c trch khi tn Tag ph hp vi tn trng c nh
nglia trong file mu. Lnh Attext nh trnh by trn cho ta 3 nh dng ca file mu
(format file).
Comma - delimited file (CDF)
Space - delimited file (SDF)
DXF Format Extract File (DXX)
CDF l nh dng trong thuc tnh ca mi block c chn s c l mt
record. Du (,) s tch trng cu mi record, du () bao quanh trng k t.
SDF l nh dng to ra file cha ng mt record cho mi tham kho block. Mi
trng ca mt record c chiu di c nh v khng dung bt k mt du phn cch no
gia cc trng cng nh cc chui k t.
DXX l nh dng to nn tp hp con nh dng file trao i bn v ca AutoCAD
trong DXX l mt phn nh ca DXF. File DXX khng i hi file nh dng v n theo
nh dng ca DXF file.
C u trc c a file m u thng tin thu c tnh.
File mu c trinh cha tt c cc thng tin lin quan n attribute, name, location,
... ca block. Sau khi nh ngha file mu, AutoCAD s s dng to ra cc file thng
tin ca block.
V d file mu di y cha tt c cc thng tin c th trch ra t block.
Field Format Explanation
BL: LEVEL NWWW000 Mc block lng nhau
BL: NAME cwwwooo Tn block
BL: X NWWWPPP Honh X im chn
BL: Y NWWWPPP Tung Y im chn
31
BL: z NWWWPPP Cao z im chn
BL: NUMBER NWWW000 Block counter
BL: HANDLE CWWW000 Block handle
BL: LAYER CWWW000 Tn layer khi chn block
BL: ORIENT NWWWPPP Gc quay ca block
BL: XSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo trc X
BL: YSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo trc Y
BL: ZSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo trc z
BL: XEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh phn X ca hng dn ra ca
block.
BL: YEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh phn Y dng trong v 3D
BL: ZEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh Phn z
BL: SPACE CWWWPPP Chn mt khong trng vo v tr ny.
Ngoi cc thng tin trn ta cn c th trch cc thng tin thuc tnh i km ca block
(Attributes tag) nh v d sau :
Attribute tag Format
Hang CWWWPPP
Soluong NWWW000
Gii thch nh dng m t (Fomat): TWWWPPP
- T : k t u tin s quy nh gi tr ca thuc tnh l ch hay s (C :character, N
: number).
- WWW : s quy nh di ca gi tr thuc
tnh (bao gm c du phy v du chm
phn cch gia phn thp phn v phn
nguyn).
- ppp : chnh xc i vi s cn i vi
tt c cc k t ta dng 000.
V d N006002 : quy nh gi tr l s (N), gi tr
c th ln ti 999.99 (v 006 bao gm c du chm v
002 cho php ly chnh xc ti 2 ch s thp phn).
V d v file m u .
s dng trnh son tho NotePad to ra file
vl.txt c ni dung nh sau :
BL : NAME C004000
BL : X N008002
BL : Y N008002
BL : SPACE C002000
TENVL C012000
HANG C006000
KHOILUONG N008000
Khi file trch thng tin ca ta c dng nh sau
32
c CDF.txt - Notepad
k.
1
_ n X
File Edit Format View Help
' 123' , 8 5. 89, 4 2. 16,
' 123' , 75. 79, 4 2 . 1 6 , '
, ' xi ma ng' , ' B u t s o n' , 14 w
, ' T h p ' , V i e t u , 2 5
V
E* SDF.txt - Notepad
H B
1M
File Edit Format View Help
V
123 8 5. 89 42. 16 :-'imang Butson 14
-
Xu t thng tin thu c tinh block b ng l nh Eattext
nh lnh Eattext, hp thoi Attribute Extraction wizard hin ln
Attribute Extraction Sclcct Drawing
Select Drawing
Settings
Use Template
Select Attributes
ViewOutput
Save Template
Export
Drawings
Select Blocks fromcurrent
drawing to sxtract attribute
and block hformation.
Drawing Files
0 Setec Objects
o CurrentUfawrtg
o Select Drawings
Name Size Modified
C:\Documenls and SeUings.. 26344 11/25/200411...
Caned Help
Drawings
- Select object: chn mt hoc nhiu block.
- Current drawing : chn tt c cc thuc tinh ca tt c cc block c trong bn v.
- Select drawing : chn bn v khc.
Drawing files : ng dn ca file cha block cn trch thng tin.
33
Attribute Extraction - Settings
0
Select Drawing
Settings
Use Template
Select Attributes
ViewOutput
Save Template
Export
Select Include Xrefs to extiad attribute
information fromexternal reference drawings.
Select Include Nested Blocks to extract
attribute information fromnested blocks
0 Include xiefs
0 Include nested blocks
I <Back II Nexfc> Help
Include xrefs : bao gm cc thng tin thuc tnh ca cc tham kho ngoi.
Include nested blocks : bao gm cc thng tin ca cc block lng.
Attribute Extraction - Use Template
Select Drawing
Settings
Use Template
SelectAttributes
View Output
Save Template
Export
Templates contain block, attribute selection
cata and output format
Templates can be used to save and restore
settings in this dialog box
0 No template
c) Use template
If you selecnJ se Tempate, select a template
file with the blk file name extension
emplate
No Template Selected
<Back "II Next > I Cancel Help
Use template : s dng cc dinh dng mu (file template).
No template : khng s dng cc dinh dng mu (file template).
Attribute Extraction - Select Attributes
Select the blocks and attrixjtes containrtg the information you want to extract.
Select Drawing
Settings
Use Template
SelectAttributes
View Output
Save Template
Export
Blocks Attributes for block <123>
Block Name Block Alia. Number Attribute AttnbuleV... Aas A
[Z lE E S B H
M Y insertion po..
0 z insertion po..
0 Layer
0 Orient
0 X scale
0 Y scale
0 z scale
0 X extrude
0 Y extrude
42162571
0.000000
0
0.000000
1.000000
1.000000
1.000000
0.000000
0.000000 V
> < I J fel
Check All I I Uncheck AI I Check All I I Uncheck AI I
[ <Back II Next > I I Caned Help
34
Ch n cc thng tin c n trich ra trong h p attributes for block.
Chn cc block s trch thng tin trong hp blocks.
Attribute Extraction - View Output
Seed Drawing
Settings
Use Template
SelectAttributes
View Output
Save Template
Export
The table belcwshows the results of your query. Choose Alternate View to
switch between two views of the data
Block Name Count Attribute AttributeValue
123 1 X scale 1.000000
123 1 V scale 1.000000
123 1 KHOILUONG 52
123 1 HANG Hoa Phat
123 1 TENVL Da
Alternate View [Copy to Clipboard)
I <Back j[ Next > I Caned Help
Chn anternate view chuyn i gia cc kiu nhn.
Attribute Extraction Save Template
Select Drawing
e I I Current settings in this dwriogbox can be saved
Settngs I I to a template Tile.
Use Template
Seect Attributes
vewOutput
Save Temploye
Export
Save T emplate implate
<Back II Next > j Cancej I I Help
File name:
Save as type: Block Template Files (.blk) V
Ghi li cc thit lp va thao tc ln sau dng li. File template c dng *.BLK
35
Attribute Extraction - Export
Select Drawing
Settings
Use Template
Select Attribute*
View Output
Save Template
Export
Fie Name
C: \D ocumenls and s etting$\T fan An!
FrieType
CSV (Comma delimited) (*.csv)
Tab Delimited File (Mxt)
Microsoft Excd (X.xis)
Microsoft Access Database .mdb)
I <Back II Finish I I Cancel I I Help
Ta c th ghi li cc thng tin trch di dng cc file khc nhau.
V d nh Excel :
A B c D
1 Block Name Count Attribute AttributeValue
2 123 1 X scale 1
3 123 1 Y scale 1
4 123 1 KHOILUONG 52
5 123 1 HANG Hoa Phat
6 123 1 TENVL Da
6.3. Qu n l cc block,
s d ng Acad Design Center
Ta c th s dng ca s acad Design center qun ] cc block. C th ly cc
block t bn v khc, c th preview trc, ri ko th vo bn v ca mnh,
s d ng ch c nng ko th c a Window
Khi ta lm vic vi Internet Explore ta c th s dng chc nng ko th cc icon (cc
file ca AutoCAD) chn vo bn v. Cc bn v c chn vo nh l mt i tng
block.
7. Ghi cc thi t l p mi tr ng b n v thnh Template.
8. Cc ty ch n trong menu Option
III. Gi i thi u Express Tools.
36
Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N (6 tit)
I. Lm vic vi Layout
1. Paper Space
Khi nim v vng nhn tnh v ng
Vng nhn tnh (Tiled Viewport)
AutoCad cho php bn chia mn hnh thnh nhiu hnh ch nht. Bn c th hin th
cc vng nhn khc nhau ca bn v trn cc hnh ch nht . Mc ch phc v cho vic
quan st bn v mt cch d dng hn. Vng nhn tnh ch c trong Model Space (MS).
Mt s c tnh ca Tiled Viewport :
- Khng quant trng l bn c bao nhiu khung nhn, chng lun lun c sp
sp cnh nhau v ph kn ton mn hnh
- Ti mt thi im ch c mt khung nhn Active. Khung nhn Active lun c
vin m
- Crosshair ch xut hin trn Active viewport
- ucs (User Coordinate System) Icon lun xut hin ti tt c cc khung nhn
- S thay i ca cc i tng bn v trn mt khung nhn s ngay lp tc s
c th hin trn cc khung nhn cn li.
- AutoCAD cho php bn to ra ti a 96 khung nhn
- Bn c th bt u lnh t mt khung nhn v kt thc lnh mt khung nhn
khc.
- Ngoi ra bn cn c th ghi li cu hnh ca cc khung nhn, phc v cho mc
ch khi phc li cc khung nhn nu mun.
Vng nhn d ng (Floating Viewport)
Vng nhn ng ch c trong Paper Sapee (PS), bn ch s dng n khi mun th hin
mt vng ca bn v trn MS trong PS. Theo mc inh, ch c mt Floating view (FV)
trong mt PS. Tuy nhin bn c th to ra nhiu hn mt nu bn mun.
FV c mt s c tnh sau
- Khng ging nh Tiled Viewport (TV), FV l mt Object tht, bn c th xo,
move v stretch n. Bn c th hin th n trn layer ring bit, v cn c th bt
tt ch hin th ng bao ca n. Chng khng in y mn hnh nh TV
m bn c th t do thit k kch thc v v tr ca chng.
- Trong PS, Crosshairs khng b gi hn trong mt vng nhn ng.
- Bn c th thit lp s hin th ca ucs Icon trong tng FV
- Bn c th to nhiu FV trong PS v chng s c lu li cng vi bn v.
- Tt c nhng g bn v trn MS u c trong PS. Tri li, nhng g bn v trn
PS ch tn ti trn PS, khng tn ti trn bn v khi bn tr v MS.
- Sau khi bn v xong trong MS, bn chuyn sang PS d v. Trn khng gian PS
bn c th v thm or chnh sa cc Object trn MS bng cch Double click vo
FV. Khi FV lm vic ging ht nh TV.
Khi nim : Tab Layout cho php truy sut n 1 vng c gi l Paper space.
Trong paper space (PS), bn c th chn title block, to cc layout viewport, dimension v
thm cc notes trc khi in bn v.
PS v MS l 2 khng gian lm vic ring l. Trong PS ta c th tham chiu n 1
hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport).
Mc ch : Ngi ta thng s dng PS trong trng hp
- C nhiu hnh v vi t l khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (V k thut XD).
37
- Mun in hnh v vi cc gc nhn khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (v kin
trc).
- Mun in hnh v vi cc gc xoay khc nhau (in tuyn ng trong cu ng)
Cc bc
- u tin ta v cc hnh v trn MS
- Sau chuyn sang PS chn cc Note, dimension v cc leader.
Cc thao tc vi PS
Trong PS bn cng c th view, edit cc PS Object nh layout viewport v tile block.
Mc nh ca CAD, mt bn v c 2 layout tab, c tn l Layoutl v layout2. Tuy
nhin n s c tn khc nu bn s dng cc template khc.
Bn c th to mt layout bng cc cch sau :
Add new layout without setting sau s thit lp cc thng s cho n sau.
s dng chc nng Creat layout wizard v thit lp ngay cc thng s cho n.
Import layout t mt bn v c sn (DWG or DWT)
Add a new Layout
Click insert menu->Layout->New Layout.
Enter the name of the new layout on the command line.
A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, choose the layout tab.
To import a layout from a template
Click Insert menu->Layout->Layout from Template.
In the Select File dialog box, select a DWT or DWG file to import a layout from ->
Click Open.
In the Insert Layout(s) dialog box, select a layout to import.
A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, click the layout tab.
To create a layout using a wizard
Click Insert menu Layout Layout Wizard.
On each page of the Create Layout wizard, select the appropriate settings for the
new layout.
Trong PS, B n c ng c th :
Duplicate a layout
Rename a layout
Delete a layout
Rearrange layout tabs
Make a layout current
Sctivate the previous layout
Click Select All Layouts.
Plot a layout
2. Cc thao tc trn Viewport c a Paper Space
2.1. T o cc Viewport
u tin bn chuyn sang Paper Space, sau dng lnh MVIEW.
Trong Layout, bn c th to nhiu ca s Viewport khc nhau, bn c th b tr,
sp xp cc viewport theo mc ch ca bn. Theo mc nh, Autocad cho php bn to
ti a l 64 viewports , ta c th thay i s lng viewport bng cch thay i bin h
thong MAXACTVP. :
Trong Viewport ta cng c th v cc i tng bn v nh trong Model space.
Ngoi ra ta cn c th tham chiu n mt vng bn v no ca Model Space vi mt t
l t sn. tham chiu n mt vng no ca Model Space ta dng lnh MSPACE
sau chn viewport m tat ham cn hiu chnh.
38
s dng chc nng zoom t bn v trong Model Space vo Paper Space vi t l
nh mong mun.. Ti y ta cng c th chnh sa, thm bt cc i tng ca m trng
Model Space. Cc thay i ny s c ghi li trong Model Space.
quay v mi trng Paper Space ta nh lnh PSpace.
2.2. C t xn ng bao Viewport
Autocad cho php bn ct xn cc ng bin ca viewport phc v cho cc mc
ch ring ca bn. Lnh Vclip cho php bn ct xn thep mt hnh ch nht hay polygon
bt k. C php nh sau :
Ti dng lnh nh vpclip.
Select the viewport to clip : chn viewport cn ct xn.
Enter d (Delete) to delete the clipping boundary : nhn D xa ng bin ct
xn trc .
Enter p (Polygonal) : nhn p to ng bin a gic ct xn mi.
Specify points, or select the object, to define the new viewport boundary.
Shortcut menu Select the viewport to clip, right-click in the drawing area, and then
choose Viewport Clip
2.3. T l trong t ng i
Viewport
Bn c th t t l
trong tng viewport bng
lnh zoom nh ni
trn, tuy nhin t vi mt
t ] chnh xc bng cch
thay i t l ca viewport
trong ca s Propertie
(CtrLl).
V d : gi s t l v trong bn v l 1: 25, ta t trong Misc->Custom : 0.04.
Nu mun c nh t l cng nh khung nhn, bn chuyn la chn Display locked
2.4. Layer trong t ng Viewport
Layer c th n hin trong tng Viewport khc nhau l khc nhau.
On Yes
Clipped No
Display locked No X
Standard scale Yes
Custom scale
No
UCS per viewport Yes
Shade plot As Displayed
linked to Sheet... No
On Yes
Clipped No
Display 1... No
Standar... Custom
Custom...
04 t
UCS per ... Yes
Shade plot As Displayed
Linked to... No
Stat Name On Freeze Lock Color Linetype Lineweight Plot Style Plot Current VP Freeze A
^ AXIS
9 Q
blue CENTER ------ O. jn
% Q]
BODER
Q
9_n Continuous ------ Default Color_3
& Q]
BORDER
Q
5 r Continuous ------ Default Color_3
Q]
CHI
Q
red Continuous ------ Default Color_1
I Qi
DEFPOINTS
Q
w Q Jh
white Continuous ------ Default Color_7
1 2]
'k
red Continuous ------ Default Color_1 %
HATCH
Q
8 Continuous ------ Default Color 8
&
^ HIDDEN
Q 9
HIDDEN ------ Default Color_9
I Ql
^ KHUNG
Q
171 Continuous ------ 0.._m Col-171
%
^ SOTHEP
Q
red Continuous ------ Default Color_1
i
'
STEEL
Q o tff)
cyan Continuous ------ Default Color_4
s rd
k
TEXT
T rvr Tn A
Q
y...w Continuous ------ O .-m
n _____ n.x__u
Colof_2
s Q]
V
< IU1 dll
ct th 4 (Freeze) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tt c cc viewport.
Ct th 12 (Freeze Viewport): c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tng viewport,
ct th 13 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tt c cc viewport
mi sp c to.
39
2.5. n hi n viewport
An hin viewport ph thuc vo trng thi thng s On
trong th Misc ca ca s Properties khi ta chn dng bao ca
ca s viewport.
2.6. n hi n ng bao viewport
n hin ng bao ca cc viewport, bn to ra mt
layer mi cha ng bao ca viewport m bn mun n hin
n. Sau , vic n hin ng bao s ph thuc vo trng thi
bt tt ca layer cha ng bao.
2.7. Scale LineType
Qun l t l Line Type trong Paper Space thng qua bin
h thng Psltscale.
PsLtScale =1: t l dng ng s c nhn vi t l phng ca viewport.
PsLtScale =0 : t l dng ng s c gi nguyn nh trong Model Space cho
d bn c phng in t l bao nhiu i chng na.
On Yes___________ y>j
Clipped
Display I...
No
Standar... Custom
Custom... .04
UCS per ... Yes
Shade plot As Displayed
Linked to.,. Mo
PSLTSCALE=1 dasnes scaled to PSLTSCALE=0. flashes scaled to space
paper space where they were created
2.8. Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport
Quay s hin thi trong Layout, dng thng hang cc khung nhn, to khung nhn mi,
chnh t l khung nhn. Tham kho lnh MvSetup.
3. Cc ch khi in nhi u t l trong m t b n v
u tin to cc Dim c bn. Cc dimstyle khc s c to da trn dimstyle c
Scale for Dimension Features
Use overall scale of: 1
bn ban u, bng cch thay i
Cn ch khi o kch thc, khong cch t dim n i tng dim phi ph hp
vi t l in ca i tng .
Cc thit lp Page setup ging nh trong Plot (xem phn sau).
Kt lun : Nhn chung, i vi bn v cn in n vi t l tuyt i chnh xc, cc bn v
kin trc cn ct xn khung nhn th nn dng Paper space, cn i vi bn v bnh thng
th khng cn v trn Paper Space
II. i u khi n in n.
Trong cc cng ty nh, sau khi hon thnh bn v, ngi ta nguyn c bn v
mang ra qun in v thng nht vi qun in cc nt in.
Trong cc cng ty ln hn, sau khi hon thnh bn v, h s quy nh ng nt in.
thng nht ng nt in, ngi ta s to ra mt file c ui l *.ctb nm trong th mc
C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot
Styles, sau s lu file ny li v copy cho tt c mi thnh vin trong cng ty. (file ny ta
s nghin cu k hn phn sau)
40
i vi cc cng ty c quy m ln, nhiu b mn chung mt xng in. Ngi ta s
in bn v ra di dng file c ui *.PLT. File ny c th in bt k my in no m khng
cn n phn mm AutoCad. N tng t nh khi ta chuyn cc file vn bn sang *.PDF
in n. i vi cc loi file ny, ta khng cn quan tm n font, ng nt. V ung
nt c t khi ra in ra file.
1. Khai bo thi t b in.
in n, vo menu file ->Plot hoc n t hp phm (Ctrl_P). Hp thoi Plot hin ra
nh sau :
Page setup
Name:
Printer/plotter
Setupl Add..
Name:
Plotter: None
Where: Not applicable
Description: The layout will not be plotted unless a new ploiter
configuration name isselected.
Properties.
Hot area
What to plot:
Display
Rot offset (origin set to printable area)
m 0 Center the plot 11.55
13.65
Paper s2e
ISO A4 (210.00x297.00 MM) V
Number of copies
Plot scale
0 Fit to paper
Scale:
Plot style table [pen assignments)
A4.INKIEM.ctb
Shaded viewport options
Shade plot As displayed
Quality Normal
Plot options
Plct^i background
0 Plot object lineweights
0 Plot with plot styles
0 Plot paperspace last
[ J Hide paperspace objects
1 I Plot stamp on
I I Save changes to layout
Drawing orientation
Portrait
O Landscape
0 Plot upside-down
JZ>
a
Preview.. Apply to Layout I I OK I I Cancel I I Help I ( <)
Trong mc Page setup->name l tn ca Page setup. Bn c th import Page setup t
cc bn v khc. Page setup c lu cng vi file dwg. Sau khi bn khai bo xong tt c
cc thng s bn di, bn n vo Command box Add thm mt Page setup vo trong
bn v ca bn.
Chn my in trong mc Printer/plot.
Chn kch kh giy Paper size.
Chn vn in trong Plot area , s c 3 la chn nh hnh bn, ty
theo mc ch s dng ca ngi in.
Display : vng in l ca s hin hnh ca bn v.
Extents : vng in l c bn v.
Limits : vng in l vng limits ca bn v
Window : vng in l mt ca s m bn s nh ngha sau .
iu chnh l ca giy in trong Plot offset (origin set to ptintable area)
Xem trc khi in trong mc Preview.
iu chnh t l in trong Plot Scale.
Plot area
What to plot:
Display v
, Extents
Limits
Window__________ l
41
Shaded viewport options
Shade plot As displ
Quality
Hidden
Rendered
iu chnh hng in (giy nm ngang hay thng ng) trong mc Drawing
orientation.
iu chnh in n trong m hnh 3D
As displayed : nh hin th trn mn hnh.
Wireframe : theo m hnh khung dy (hin th
ng bao ca i tng)
Hiden : b qua nhng i tng, nhng
ng bao b che khut bi mt i tng
khc.
Rendered : Render tt c cc object trc khi
xut bn.
Plotstyle Table : iu khin nt in. y l phn quan trng nht.
V d chn kiu nt in : A4.INKIEM.CTB. cc file ny c lu trong th mc
C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot
Styles.
D i y l ngha mt s kiu in c sn : Plot style table (pen assignments)
|A4.INKIEM.ctb
I None
A 4.I NK I EM .ctb
acad.ctb
DWF Virtual Pens.ctb
Fill Patterns.ctb
Grayscale.ctb
monochrome.ctb
Screening 100%. ctb
Screening 25%.ctb
Screening 50%.ctb
Screening 75%.ctb
New...
Table Description 1
acad.ctb Default plot style table
fillPattems.ctb Sets first 9 cobrs to use first 9 fill patterns, all others to use
object's fill
gcayscale.ctb Converts all colors to grayscale when plotted
monocbrome.b Plots all colors as black
None Applies no plot style table
screening 100%. ctb Uses 100% ink for all colors
saeening 7S%.ctb Uses 75% ink for all colors
saeeniny 50%xtb Uses 50% ink for all cobrs
scieening 25%.ctb Uses 25% ink for all cobrs
NOTE You can assign a color-dependent plot style table to a layout only if the
drawing has been set to use color-dependent plot style tables.
to mi, bn chn new. Hp thoi new hin ln nh sau :
Chon Start from scratch.
42
Add Color Dependent Plot Style Table Begin
Begin
Browse Fie
Fie Name
Finish
This wizard provides you with the abilityto either create a
color dependent plot style table fromscratch, or bymporting
settings froma PCP, PC2. or Release 14 CFG file. The new plct
style table can be assigned to any color-dependent drawing
0 Start fromscratch
Create a new plot style table fromscratch.
O Use a CFG fie
Import R14pen settings that were saved automatically to a CFG
file.
O Use a PCP or PC2 fie
Import R14pen settings that were saved in a PCP or PC2 fie.
Add Color-Dependent Plot Style Table - File Name
____________________________
Enter a name for the new plot style table.
Filename:
Unlike R14pen settings, this plot style table can be plotted to any
output device.
[ <Back |[ Next > ] [ Cancel |
May se tao ra file test.ctb
Add Color Dependent Plot Style Table Finish
Begin
Browse File
File Name
Finish
You have created a newplot style table named test that contain* 255
ft. ^ plot styles. These plot styles are initiallyset to AutoCAD 2005
defaults.
To modifyanyof the plot styles, choose Plot Style Table Editor.
Plot Style Table Editor
0 Use this plot style table for the current drawing
l~~l Use this plot style table for newand pre-AutoCAD 2005 drawngs
<Back ~|| Finish Cancel
Ban vao nut Plot style table editor de hieu chinh net in
43
Plot style Table Editor test.ctb
General Table View FotmView
Plot st>4es:
Add styte
Properties
Line join style: use object join style
FiBstyle- Use object fill style
H Color 1 A
I I Color 2
n Colof 3
n Color 4
Color 5
Color: Use object color V
Dither:
On
-
Grayscale:
Off
-
Color 6
Color 7
Pen #:
Automatic
*
Color 8
I I Color 9
Color 10
Virtual pen #:
Automatic
Screening 100
*
Color 11
Color 12
Linetype: yse object linetype
*
Color 13
Color 14
Color 15 V
Adaptive:
On
v
Uneweight: Use object lineweight
-
description: Line end style: Use obtect end style
r
DeleteStyle
Edit Lineweights... Save As...
Save &Close Cancel Help
Color : Chnh mu ca cc nt v. Nu bn Properties
khng in mu th nn chuyn n thnh mu en. Color: Use object color Msl
Gr
Virtu;
Screening:
Linetype:
Red
Yellow
Green
Cyan
I Blue
Magenla
Black
Select Color..
2. In ra file *.PLT
Ch cn tch vo nt
ng dn ca file *.plt.
0 Plot to file
, sau bm nt lnh Plot, my s hi tn file vo
44
Chng 3 : LM VI C VI D LI U (6 tit)
I. Tham kh o ngoi
1. Gi i thi u v tham kh o ngoi.
Tham kho ngoi l s lin kt mt bn v bt k (c gi l bn v chnh) vi mt
hay nhiu bn v khc (gi l bant v xref - External references). Nu ta chn mt bn v vo
trong mt bn v tti bn v c chn s c inh dng mt Block v s c lu cng
vi bn v chinh. Nu ta chnh bn v c chn th block s khng c cp nht li. Nu
ta chn mt bn v vo trong nhiu bn v khc di dng block tli vic cp nht block khi
block c vi s thay i s rt mt thi gian v ta phi thay i li cc block trong tt c
cc file chn.
Nhng nhc im trn s c khc phc th ta dng chc nng tham kho ngoi ca
AutoCAD. Khi bn v tham kho s c lu ring, khi bn v tham kho thay i th tt
c cc bn v tham kho n n s t ng thay i theo. Vic dng tham kho ngoi rt hu
ch khi lm vic vi nhng d n ln. c bit l khi ta chia s ti nguyn bn v trn mng.
2. Chn m t xref vo b n v
L nh Xattach
Lnh Xattach cho php ta chn mt bn v vo bn v chinh di dng tham kho
ngoi.
Command : Xattach
Select Reference File
Lookrt J jDrawings
Name
0abO4-a .dwg
lb04-b.dwg
ItJ abiM-c.dwg
13ab06-a.dwg
abO-b.dwg
ab07-a.dwg
ab07-t>.dwg
3at07-c dwg
i0abO7-d.dtvg
iap;.i
lbOB-b.dvvg
b08<.dwg
ab08-d.dwg
b09-a.dwg
-i3t X i*"
Pieview
Toc
S z '
23K
27K
37 K
25K
2SK
44 K
2SK
2SK
2SK
47 K
166 l
Type: A.oCAD Drawng
Date ModUed: 4/4/2003 7:E8PM
Size: 165KB
b08-a.dwg
Fe name:
Fte of type- Drawingr.dwfll
Vi pen 1R
Hp thoi Select reference file hin ln. Ta chn file cn chn vo bn v chnh. Sau
kich Open, hp thoi External Reference hin ln :
45
ffal External Reference
ab19b Name: Browse..
Found in;
Saved path:
Reference Type
0 Attachment
Insertion point
0 Specify On-scieen
C:\Documertfs and SeKingsVTran Anh Binh\Desklop\Khong loi\ab19-b.dwg
.AKhong loi\ab19-b.dwg
Path type
o Overlay
Scale
Specify On-screen
Relativepath
Rotation
Specify On-screen
X:
1.00
Y:
1.00
z.
1.00
Angle:
n UniformScale
Cancel I Help
Browse : Thay i bn v chn vo.
Found in : ng dn ca bn v xref.
Path type : quy inh kiu ng dn l tuyt i hay tng
i, hay khng km theo ng dn. Cc la chn ny quy inh
Save path. Bn c c th kim tra kt qu ca tng la chn ca
mnh trong Save path.
Reference Type : kiu chn
- Attachement: cho php hin thi cc xref lng nliau.
- Overlay : khng cho php hin thi cc xref lng nhau.
Cc la chn v Intertion Point, Scale v Rotation tng t nh lnh insert.
L nh Xref.
Lnh xref chn mt bn v tham kho ngoi (bn v xref) vo trong bn v chinh.
m] Xref Manager
Reference Name Status Size Type Dale Saved Path
abCS-c 'S Loaded 30KB Attach 4/4/2003... F:\Ebook\AutoCAD\AutoCAD 2004 Bible.corrplete\Drav
'S Loaded 26KB Attach 4/4/2003... AKhong loi\ab19-b.dwg
< Hi >
Xref Found Al
CADocuments and SettingsYTran Anh Binh\Desktop\Khong loi\ab19-b-dwg Browse..
Attach...
Detach
Reload
Unload
Bind
Open
Save Path
OK Cancel Help
46
Nt Tree View cho php ta nhn cu trc cy ca xref. Danh sch
c lit k theo bng ch ci. Cc xref lng c sp xp theo mc
lng (hnh cy).
- Attach : chn mt xref vo bn v chinh. Khi n vo nt lnh ny th hp thoi
External Reference hin ln (nh trnh by trn).
- Deattach : hy b xref c chn. Bn v s nh i rt nhiu
- Reload : c li file xref. Thng s dng khi file xref va c s thay i
- Unload : G b xref c chn ra khi bn v. Khc vi Deattach, Unload vn
lu li ng dn ca file xref. Nu ta mun c li file ny ch vic n vo nt
Reload.
- Bind : Quy inh s rng buc ca xref vi bn v chinh. Bm vo hp thoi s
hin ln (trnh by sau)
- Open : m file xret trong mt ca s mi, tng ng vi lnh Xopen. Ta c
th thay i file xref, sau quay li bn v chnh cp nht lai (reload trong
hp thoi Xref Manager) s thay i ca bn v xref.
- Thay i file bng nt Browse. Sau nhn Save path ghi li ng dn
Khi bm vo nt Xbind ca hp thoi Xref Manager th hp thoi Bind Xrefs hin
ln nh sau (phn ny cng tng ng
vi vic dng lnh Xbind):
- Bind : cc i tng ca bn v
xref s c ni tip vo bn v
chnh
- Insert : cc i tng ca bn v
tham kho s khng l thnh phn
ca bn v chnh.
3. M mt xref t bn v chnh
Xopen
Xopen cho php ta m mt xref ra mt ca s ring.
Command: Xopen
Select Xref:
Chn xref m ra ca s ring.
External Reference ->Open
Chn file xref trong hp External Reference sau kich nt open.
4. Hiu chnh xref t bn v chinh.
T phin bn AutoCAD 2002 cho php ta sa file xref ngay trn bn v chnh sau
Ill'll tr li (Save back)
4.1. L nh Refedit (Reference Edit).
Bind Xrefs
Bind Type
Bind
o Insert
47
01] Reference Edit
S B
Identify Reference Settings
Reference name:
Drawingl
CP Drawing2
DrawingllBloc
Preview
Path: C: \D ocuments and S ettingsV.. Cad\T est Xref\D rawing"!.dwg
Automatically select all nested objects
O rompt to select nested objects
OK Cancel Help
Identify reference
Reference name : Chn tn xref cn sa, s cy s th hin c cc reference lng
nhau. Lu l mi ln ta ch sa c mt xref, nu ta chn xref (VD drawing 1nh hnh
v) cha xref lng (drawing 2) sa th ta cng ch sa c xref cha xref lng
(drawing 1) ch khng sa c xref lng (drawing 2). Do vy mun sa xref no ta chn
xref sa.
Path : Hin th ng dn ca xref m ta chn.
Automaticly select all nested objects : tt c cc objects trong file xref s c chn.
Prompt to select nested objects : kch hot cli chn cc object trong file tham kho
m bn mun sa.
48
I
Identify Reference
0 Create unique layer, style, and block names
F I Display attribute definitions for editing
0 Lock objects not in working set
OK Cancel Help
Setting
Create unique layer, syle, and block names :
- Nt ny c chn th lp v k hiu c thay i (tn c tin t l $#$), tt
c cc object trong file tham kho s nm trong layer ny.
- Nu nt ny khng c chn th cc tn layer, block v style s hin ln nh
bnh thng.
Display attribute definitions for editing : Nu chn th cc thuc tnh s c hin th
v ta c th sa chng, sau khi ta ghi li th cc thuc tnh trong bn v gc s thay i
theo, cc thay i ch c th thin ra kha ta chn cc thuc tnh sa ra bn v.
Lock objects not in working set : Nu chn ch ny th tt c cc object ca bn
v chnh s b kha li, chng ta khng th hiu chnh c chng.
Khi tao sa mt file tham kho ngoi th cc i tng khc m ta khng chn sa
s m i. Tuy nhin n ch m i khi bin shademode c t l 2D wireframe.
Command: shademode
Current mode: 2D wireframe
Enter option [2D wireframe/3D
wirefrarrte/Hidden/Flat/Gouraud/fLat+edges/gOuraud+edges] <2D wireframe>: 2D
4.2. Thm, b b t tt i t ng kh i working set (L nh reiset).
Command: refset
Transfer objects between the RefEdit working set and host drawing...
Enter an option [Add/Remove] <Add>: a (ch n them hay b b t bn i t ng)
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found
Select objects: J
1Added to working set
4.3. Lnh refclose
Sau kh hiu chnh xong bn c th ghi li hay khng ghi li cc thay i bng lnh
Refclose.
Command: refclose
49
The following symbols will be added to Xref file:
Blocks: Ghe
Enter option [Save/Discard reference changes] <Save>: s
Regenerating model
2 objects added to test
1 xref instance updated
test redefined and reloaded
Enter option :
- Save : glii li nhng thay i trong bn v Xref.
- Discard reference changes : khng ghi li s thay i.
Nu bn chn ch ghi li, xref s t ng reload li. y l s khc bit gia lnh
Xopen v lnh Refedit.
4.4. M t s bi n h th ng lin quan n xref.
Bin RefEditName : cha tn bn v tham kho ngoi ang c sa.
Bi n Xedit : iu khin bn v hin hnh c th c php sa i cc bn v tham
kho hay khng.
- 0 : khng th s dng sa i file tliam kho ti bn v chnh.
- 1 : c th s dng sa i tham kho ti ch.
Bi n BindType : Bin iu khin cc tn tham kho c qun l nh th no kho
rng buc hoc sa i trn bn v chnh.
- 0 : theo phng php rang buc truyn thng (tn XreflSymbol tr
thnh XrefSOSSymbol).
- 1 : theo phng php ging nh chn (tn Xref|Symbol tr thnh
Symbol)
Bi n Xfadectl : Bin ny iu khin m nht ca cc i tng khng nm trong
ca s chnh sa xref (Working set). Gi tr ca Xfadectl (Controls the fading intensity
percentage) thay i t 0 n 90 (tng ng vi 0% m nht v 90% m nht)
5. i u khi n s hi n th c a m t xref.
Bn c th iu khin s hin thi ca cc lp c trong xref bn c th ch nhn thy
cc lp cn thit m thi, c mt s tnh nng cho php bn iu chnh qu trnh hin thi ca
xref, iu khin khung nhn xref, lm tng tc hin thi ca cc xref qu ln.
5.1. Xref v cc thnh ph n hi n ph thu c.
Cc thnh phn ph thuc (Dependent Symbol) l cc mc c t tn trong c
trong bn v, chng hn nh lp, kiu vn bn, kiu ghi kch thc,... Khi bn gn
(Attach) mt bn v th cc thnh phn ph thuc ny s c lit k trong bn v chnh.
V d trong layer control s hin th cc lp ca xref. Cc thnh phn ph thuc c tn theo
nh dng Xref_Name|Symbole_Name. H thng tn ny c gip ta phn bit cc thnh
phn ca xref vi cc thnh phn ca bn v chnh.
5.2. Xref v l p.
Bn c th bt tt hoc lm ng cc lp ca xref. Bn cng c th thay i cc
thuc tnh thng qua bp thoai Layer Properties Manager. Theo mc nh th cc thay i
ny ch c tnh tm thi. Khi bn m bn v ln sau th xref c ti vo bn v chnh v
cc xc lp li tr li nh ban u. Tuy nhin bn cng c th lu gi cc xc lp ca bn
bng cch thay i bin h thng Visretain bng 1. Bin ny s c ngha klii bn ghi
bn v li, ngha l trc bn thay i bin ny nh th no i chng na, trc khi ghi
50
bn v li AutoCAD s kim tra gi tr ca bin ny quyt nh c ghi li s thay i
ca bn hay khng.
5.3. L nh Xbin.
Bn cng c th s dng lnh Xbind ch nhp cc thnh phn cn thit t bn v
tham kho vo bn v chnh. iu ny s gip bn c th lm vic trc tip vi mt tp
hp thng nht cc thnh phn trong bn v hin hnh v xref.
[fjxbind P0_x|
Xrefs
a
E? Drawing2
Block
X
B
Dimstyle
+rin
+'&
Layei
K^- Drawing2|Layer1
Ep- D rawing2|Layer2
Linetype
T extstyle
Add >
<-Remove
Definitions to Bind
Dtawing2l234
Drawinq2|Standard
QK Cancel
Chn i tng cn chuyn ri n phm Add-> chuyn sang bn v hin hnh.
Tng t ta c th loi b cc i tng chuyn bng nt <-Remove.
5.4. Tham chi u vng.
Nu bn v a c cha bn v b nh mt tham chiu ngoi. Bn v b li cha bn
v a nh tham chiu ngoi, nh vy ta c mt tham chiu
vng. Tham chiu vng c th tn ti cho ba hoc nhiu hn
cc xref cng nh kho bn c cc xref lng. AutoCAD s d
tm cc tham chiu vng v c ti n ln khi c th. Nu bn
c ti n ln nh vy th AutoCAD s c thng bo nh hnh
v bn :
Click nt Yes tip tc ti xref.
Breaking circular reference from "tn bn v xref" to "current drawing".
Nu click nt No th bn v s khng c ti v AutoCAD s thng bo nh sau :
Warning: Circular reference from "tn b n v xref" to "current drawing".
Regenerating model.
5.5. xn cc xref.
Lnh Xclip : iu khin s hin th ca mt Xref hay bolck. File tham kho ngoi c
th c hin th mt phn hay ton b. s dng lnh Xclip xc nh ng bao xn
(clipping boundary). Cc i tng nm trong ng bao xn s c hin th v nhng
vng nm ngoi s khng c hin th. Cc i tng hnh hc ca Xref s khng thay
i, ta ch iu clinh s hin th ca xref m thi.
Lnh Xclip to mi, hiu chnh, xa cc ng bao xn.
Command: xclip
Select objects: 1 found ( ch n cc xref ho c bock)
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found, 2 total
AutoCAD Alert
$
2L refer Circular references detected.
Continue?
Yes No
51
Select objects: J
Enter clipping option (ch n cc ch c nng d i y)
[ON/OFF/Cipdepth/Delete/generate Polyline/New boundary] <New>:
New boundary ; dng nhc sau s c hin ln
[Select poyline/Poygona/Rectanguar] <Rectanguar>:
- Select polyline : chn mt ng Polyline sn c lm ng bao, a tuyn c th
kn hoc cng c th l mt a tuyn h.
- Polygonal : chn cc nh ca mt linh a gic lm ng bao.
- Rectangular : chn cc nh ca mt Knh ch nht.
ON/OFF : iu chnh s hin thi ca xref.
- ON : s hin ln phn ca xref nm trong ng bao
- OFF : s hin ln ton b xref.
Clipdepth : cho php chn mt phng xn (cliping plane) nm trc hoc sau xref (chc
nng ny ca block cng c trong lnh Dview). Clipd depth ch dng cho v 3D. Dng nhc
sau s xut hin :
Delete : la chn ny dng xa ng bao hin c, khi no ta quan st ton b xref
hoc block. LU l lnh Erase khng th xa ng bao xn.
Generate Polyline : AutoCAD s to ra mt ng a tuyn dc theo ng bao xn. a
tuyn mi s c nhiu mu, dng ng, chiu rng nt in v cc trng thi ca lp hin
hnh. Ta c th hiu chinh lai ng bao bng cch hiu chnh li a tuyn ny sau chnh
li ng bao xn bng la chn Seclect polyline ca lnh Xclip.
Bi n Xclipframe :
Bin ny dng kim tra s hin thi ca ng bao xn c to bi lnh xclip.
- Xclipframe = 1 : s hin ln ng bao xn.
- Xclipframe = 1 : ng bao xn s khng c hin ln.
5.6. Tng t c hi n thi c a cc xref l n.
gim bt thi gian AutoCAD ti to li bn v, bn c th s dng mt s tnh nng
sau tng tc hin th bn v.
- Tnh nng ti bn v theo yu cu (Demand loading). Tnh nng ny cho php
AutoCAD ch ti cc i tng cn c hin th ca xref.
- Ch mc khng gian (spatial index) c to ra khi bn lull bn v. Ch mc ny
ch c to ra khi ta s dng tnh nng (demand loading). Khi lu bn v
AutoCAD s lu cng vi ch mc v cch thc ti cc xref. AutoCAD da trn
ch mc ny quy nh nhng phn no ca xref s c c ln bin th.
- Ch mc lp (layer index) cng c to ra trong khi ta lu bn v. AutoCAD
s s dng ch mc ny lu li cc layer b ng hoc b ng bng. Tnh
nng ny s quy nh mc xref cn c c bn v c hin th nhanh
hn.
Tnh nng ny ch th c s c hi u l c khi :
- Tnh nng Demand loading phi c kch hat trong bn v hin hnh.
- Xref phi c lu vi ch s khng gian hoc ch s lp.
- Xref phi c xn (vi ch mc khng gian) v c lp ng bng hoc ng
(vi ch mc lp).
Tnh nng Demand Loading :
Kch hat tnh nng ny bng la chn : Tools|Options|Open and Save. Trong danli sch th
xung ca Demand load xrefs chn
52
Enabled : Nhng ngi khc trong mng h thng c th m bn v xref ny
nhng h khng th hiu chnh file khi bn dang tham chiu n n.

H
Xref cannot be checked out for editing:
C:\Documents and Settings\Tran Anh Binh\Desktop\AutoCad\Test Xref\Drawing2.dwg
A file lock already exists on the drawing.
- Enabled with copy : AutoCAD s to ra file nhp (makes a temporary copy of the
externally referenced file and demand loads the temporary file) Xref s c ti
vo bn v chnh nh mt bn copy. Khi nhng ngi khc trong mng h
thng c th hiu chnh bn v gc ny.
- Disabled : ton b bn v xret s c c, ton b layer cng s c c vo
bn v chnh.
External References (Xrefs)
Demand load Xrefs:
Enabled with copy ^
[5 [<7j Retain changes to Xref layers Enabled with copy VK
few 0 Allow other users to Refedit current drawing I Disabled
Bn c th bt chc nng ny trc khi bn ti mt xref ch khng nht thit phi bt
ch ny trong sut thi gian lm vic.
Ch m c khng gian (spatial index)
Bn lu mt ch mc cho bn
Ch m c l p.
6. Qu n l xref
6.1. ng dn c a cc xref.
Enabled with copy
Disabled
Enabled
Enabled with copy
6.2. Xref notification
Khi mt file xref bi thay i ni dung.
Cad s thng bo cho ta bit nh sau : A
reference file has changed and may need
reloading. Khi bn cp nht li bn v th
thng bo trn s bin mt.
6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter.
Bn cng c th s dng AutoCAD
Design Center qun l xref.
6.4. File bin b n (log) c a xref.
Nu bn xc lp bin h thng XrefCTL l 1(theo mc inh bin ny l 0). AutoCAD s
ghi li tt c cc thao tc trn xref ca bn vo mt file m ACII. Bn c th c file bin bn
ny khc phc cc vn trc trc c th xy ra. Di y xin trnh bv mt file bin bn
ca xref. Theo mc inh Autocad s t file bin bn vo cng th mc vi file xref v tn n
c dng xrefname.xlg.
~l---------------------------;------------------------s
External Reference File Has Changed x
A reference file has changed and may need reloading:
Drawina2
53
II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Working with External Database)
1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.
Chc nng ny cho php ta lin kt cc i tng trong bn v vi mt d liu
ngoi. Ta c th to cc nhn nh km vi cc i tng. Cc nhn ny c th l cc thng
tin v i tng, cc thuc tnh i km vi i tng c cha trong file d liu.
Ta c th lm vic vi cc loi d liu ngoi sau :
- Microsoft Access.
- Vusuol Dbase.
- Dbase.
- Microsoft Excel.
- Oracle.
- Paradox
- Microsoft Visual FoxPro.
- SQL Server.
Cc khi nim c bn.
- Emvironment (mi tr ng) : L ci n n t t c cc thao tc trn c s d li u
ch y trn n. N bao g m t t c cc c s d li u m ng i dng c th thao tc
trn n.
- Catalog (m c c) : t p h p cc i t ng c chung m t thu c tnh no .
- Schema (bi u ) : m t hay nhi u cc m i quan h gi a m t nhm cc i
t ng c lin quan n nhau.
2. Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c S d liu.
C rt nhiu cch kt ni vi c s d liu ngoi nh dng ...
Di y xin trnh by cch kt ni d liu ngoi qua Data Source ca Microsoft :
ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity).
Cae bc chun b kt ni c Sd liu nh sau :
- B o m b n ci t tnh nng Database c a ch ng trnh AutoCAD.
- B o m l b n c ch ng trnh ODBC- Data source c a Microsoft.
- nh c u hnh driver c s d li u thch h p, s ng ODBC v cc ch ng trnh
OLE BD.
- nh c u hnh ngu n d li u t trong AutoCAD.
- Th c hi n l nh dbCONNECT.
- Thi t p truy c p ng i dng v m t khu. N u h th ng yu c u.
- K t n i n ngu n d li u.
- Lm vi c v i Data view c ch a b ng d li u c a b n.
- Lin k t hny c b d li u v i i L ny Iruriy b n v CAD.
- T o nhn d a trn d li u trong b ng v n u mu n.
ci t tinh nng Database ca chng trnh AutoCAD.
bit r bn ci tinh nng ny hay cha, bn vo menu tools->dbConnect. Nu c
ngta l bn ci t n.
Nu cha, bn cliy setup li, ri chn nt Add, trong mn lnh k tip bn chn
DataBase,
ci t ODBC.
bit r bn ci tnh nng ny hay cha, bn vo menu Start^Settings->Control
panel->Administrative Tools. Nu c ngha l bn ci t n.
54
Nu cha, bn c th download free n t da ch www.microsoft.com, trong mc
Microsoft ODBC Driver Pack.
inh c u hnh m t d li u ngu n.
Trinh by cc cc bc to mt b d liu ngun trn OBDC. Gii thiu hai c s
d liu l Access v Excel.
inh c u Knh ngu n d li u t trong AutoCAD.
Trinh by cc bc to mt kt ni trong AutoCAD trn Slide.
Th c hi n l nh dbCONNECT.
Thc hin connect trong AutoCAD, quan st cc d liu trong c s d liu.
Thi t l p truy c p ng i dng v m t kh u. N u h th ng yu c u
Thc hin cc truy cp user v password nu data base yu cu.
Lm vi c v i Data view c ch a b ng d li u c a b n.
Trnh by cc tinh nng thm bt, sa i v cp nht d liu kt ni.
Trnh by cc tinh nng view trong dataconnect.
Lin k t hng c S d li u v i i t ng trong b n v CAD.
T o nhn d a trn d li u trong b ng v n u mu n.
3. nh c u hnh d li u cho ODBC.
Nhp p chut vo Data sources (ODBC) trong Control Panel, hp thai ODBC Data
Source Aministrator hin ln. Ta c th to mi, chnh sa cu hnh ca tng kt ni.
to mi ta n nt Add, chnh sa ta chn c s d liu cn chnh sa, n nt
configure.
n nt add, ca s Create New Data source hin ln : ___
Create New Data Source
Select a driver for which you want to sel up a data soutce.
Name V *.
Driver da Microsoft para arquivos texto .CSV) 4
I Driver do Microsoft Access (*.mdbj 4
Driver do Microsoft dBase (.dbf) 4
Driver do Microsoft Excelp.xls) 4
Driver do Microsoft Paradox (x.db ) 4
Driver para 0Microsoft Visual FoxPro 1
Microsoft Access Driver (* mdb) 4
Microsoft Access-T reiber (*.mdb) 4
Microsoft dBase Driver (.dbf)
4V
J D t (CD n . ; . r * J KO
< _ |
1
HI
Finish
]
Cancel
Chn driver m bn mun kt ni, V d nh Driver do Microsoft Accs (*.mdb)
chng hn, sau n Finish, hp thoi ODBC Microsoft Access Setup hin ln :
55
ODBC Microsoft Access Setup
S B
Data Source Name: I Sample
Description: I Sample Date 25-12-2004
Database
OK
Cancel
Database:
!...ScE 1 Create... Repair... Compact... 1
Help
Advanced..
System Database
None
( Database:
System Database... I
Options>>
Data Source Name : dnh tn ca c0 sd du* liu ban mun tao.
Description : m ta cO sd d liu ny.
Database : Thao tac vi c0 sd du1liu ca ban.
- Select : chon cO s dit liu c.
- Create : tao mi mot cO s d" liu.
- Repair : sa mot cO s dCf liu c sn.
- Compact : nn mt cO s d liu.
Option : chira cac ty chon v kt ni.
Advandce:
Set Advanced Options

Default Authorization
OK
Login name: |Anhbinh
Cancel
Password: 1-------- ----
Help
Options
Type Value
DefaultDir
Driver
ExtendedftnsiSQL 0
A
IF IL MS Access;
1ImplicitCommitSync
OililO
v.|
Value of FIL
|MS Access;
-----------
- Default Authorization : cha cc thng tin v user v password c quyn truy
cp vo c s d liu.
56
- Options : bao gm cc thuc tnh ca c s d liu. Bn c th xem v chnh
sa li chng.
4. nh c u hnh d li u trong AutoCAD.
Vo Tools ->Dbconnect (lnh dbconnect, hoc n ctrl_F6) bt ca s
DBCONNECT MANAGER. Theo mc nh ca AutoCAD trong mc Data Sources s c
sn data J et_dbsamples.
thm mt c s d liu vo trong AutoCAD ta nhn phi chut vo Data Sources
chn Configure Data Source, ca s Configure a Data Source hin ln.
BUConfigure a Data Source ? X
Data Source Name:
Data Sources:
Sample 1
et_dbsamples
OK Cancel Help
Trong Data Source Name ta in tn ca c s d liu kt ni. Nhn OK ca s
Data Link Properties hin ln.
Provider : Chn kiu kt ni trung gian. y ta chn ODBC drivers. Sau n
Next.
Connection : Chn kt ni c sn m ta to trong mc nh cu hnh d liu cho
ODBC
- Use data source of data : Ch n tn k t n i ODBC thi t l p b c tr c.
- Enter information to log on to server : i n y user
name v password truy nh p vo server n u c.
- Sau test connection. Nu connect thnh cng b n s
c thng bo Test connection succeeded nh hnh
d i y.
Advanced : Chn cc ty chn kt ni nh thi goan kt ni, cc ty chn v v
quyn truy cp d liu.
All : Hin th v chnh sa ton b thuc tnh ca
kt ni c s d liu.
Sau n OK, c s d liu kt ni s hin
ln trong mc Data Sources ca DBCONNECT
MANAGER.
5. Chnh s a d li u trong AutoCAD
57
H H i e #
Drawingl.dwg
B ^ Data Sources
B 0 jet_dbsamples
ESI Computer
Ei Employee
%] Employees_by_Room
%] Equipment_by_Rom
H Inventory
m MSysModules
@ MSysModules2
@ Room
Sample 1
Microsoft Data Link
'3' r I
% ^- m
Commit
I Restore
lanufj
HI
HIhjh
Unhide all Columns
Unfreeze all Columns
Clear all marks
Print preview...
Print...
Format...
26712 NEC
Bn c th chnh sa d liu ca c s d liu ngay trong AutoCAD (ng nhin
l nu trnh kt ni d liu cho php). Bn bt ca s DataView ln bng cch nhp p
chut tri vo bng d liu cn xem.
T bng ny bn c th chnh sa, thm bt cc bn ghi, cc trng ca mi bn
ghi.. Nhng lu l khi bn chnh sa, d liu chnh sa s khng c cp nht ngay
lp tc. Bn mun cp nht d liu chnh sa, bn nhn phi chut vo hnh mi tn bn
gc trn tri nh hnh v.
- Commit : c p nh t l i d li u
- Restore : Ph c h i i d i u gc (khng ghi i s chnh s a)
Cc thao tc nh dng d liu cng ging ht nh trong Excel.
Cc chc nng nh dng nh find, replace, format... c th tham kho trong menu
Data View.
6. T o cc m u k t n i.
Ta c th to ra cc kt ni t cc i tng trong bn v n cc [rng ca c s
d liu. Thng thng cc kt ni ny dng thng k s lng cc i tng trong
bn v lin kt vi mt trng no , v t ta bit c cc thng tin v i tng
. c c mt kt ni trc tin ta phi to ra c mu kt ni. Sau y trnh by
cc bc to ra c mt mu kt ni.
Bn c th lin kt cc i tng trong bn v vi nhiu bn ghi (record) trong c
s d liu nu mun v bn c th lin kt mt bn ghi vi nhiu i tng trong bn
v. V d bn c n gian phng, mi gian phng c t mt n 2 in thoi, v bn c mt
bng cc s in thoi. Bn c th gn mi mt ci in thoi (trong bn v) vi mt
trng ca d liu s in thoi va bn. Nu mt phng c 2 in thoi nhng chung
mt dy th bn c th gn c hai cho mt s
Mau lin kt - link template - gip AutoCAD nhn bit c trng no trong c s
d liu s c ly ra lin kt vi cc i tng trong bn v.
Cc bc to mt mu lin kt nh sau :
- Ch n t menu
DBConnect-^Template -^New Link Template
(n u c m t b ng c m s n, b n c
th ch n nt nh new Link Template trong
c a s Dbconnect).
Select a table lo use for the new link template:
Qf
A
EU Computer
I P Employee
% | Employees_by_R
%3 Equipment_by_R
m Inventory
m MSysModues
EH MSysModues2
Room
Cancel
itinue.
V
I Help I
58
>
- Nu b n ch a m m t b ng d li u no, AutoCAD s m h p tho i Select Data
Object. Ch n m t b ng v click nt Continue.
Trong h p vn bn New Template Name c a h p tho i New Link Template, b n
nh tn c a m u lin kt vo. Nu b n c m t m u lin kt tr c , b n
mun s d ng n m c s cho m t m u m i, b n ch n n t trong danh sch
th xu ng Start With Template. Click Continue._____________________________
0U Link Template
T emplate name:
T able:
Computer Linkl
Compute!
iet_dbsamples... Computer
Select one field to setve as yout key field. This field should be
a unique field, and its value will identify a single record in the
table. In unusual cases, you may need to choose more than
one field.
Key Fields:
ffal New Link Template I ? |fx~|
Before you can establish links belweer fable
records and graphical objects, you must first create
a link template. Link templates identify what fields
froma table are associated withthe linksthat share
that template.
New link template name:
Computer Linkl
Start withtemplate:
pnone - V
I Continue I I Cancel I I Help
R
T agLNumber Integer
n
Manufacturer Character Varying 50
n
Equipment_Description Character Varying 75
n
ltem_Type Character Varying 75

Room Character Varying 5

[ OK J Crcel Help
- Trong h p tho i Link Template, ch n h p ki m c a m t tr ng kha (key Field).
Nu tr ng kha c a b n ch n c cc hng trng nhau bt k , b n s ph i
ch n thm m t tr nq kha th hai.
- Click OK. AutoCAD c o cho b n m t m u lin k t. B n c th quan st th y
m u lin kt c a b n trong c a s DBconnect bn d i b n v hi n hnh.
Lu : khi chn trng kha, bn nn chn trng kha khng c bt k mt hng
no trng nhau. Nu c hng trng nhau, AutoCAD s ly gi tr ca hng no n tm thy
trc, cn tt c cc hng sau n s b qua. Nh vy vic chn trng kha l rt quan
trong. Nu chn trng kha khng duy nht, bn s c th b st d liu.
sa li mu lin kt: chn menu DBConnect^Templates->Edit link Template.
Trong hp thoi Select a Database Object, chn mt mu lin kt m bn mun sa. Cc
bc cn li nh to mt mu lin kt.
Xa mu lin kt: DBConnect-}Temp]ates->Delete link Template. Sau trong hp
thoi Select a Database Object, chn mt mu lin kt m bn mun xa.
59
7. T o, hi u chnh v xa cc k t n i.
Cc bc to mt kt ni nh sau :
- M c a s Data View c m t m u lin kt c nh ngha v ch n m t m u
lin k t t o trong danh sch th xu ng Select a Link Template pha trn c a
c a s .
- Ch n m t ho c nhi u b n ghi m b n mun lin kt v i b n v .
- Ch n menu Dato View -Link and Label Setting - Create Links.
- Ch n menu Data View->Link!
- Ch n m t ho c nhi u i t ng m b n mun kin k t v i bn ghi v a ch n
trong c s d li u.
- K t thc ch n i t ng AutoCAD s a ra thng k trn dng l nh command
v d nh : 1 record(s) linked with 1 object (s). By gi b n c m t lin k t
gi a d li u v bn v .
Cc bc hiu chnh mt kt ni nh sau :
- Ch n t menu Dbconnect- Links-Link Manager m Link Manager. Sau
b n ch n m t i t ng m b n mun hi u chnh, (ho c b n c th ch n i
t ng t trong b n v , r i b m phi chu t, ch n Link-^Link Manager).
- Trong c t Value, nh p gi tr m i m b n mun hi u chnh.
Cc bc xa mt kt ni nh sau :
- Ch n t menu Dbconnect->Links->Lirtk
Manager m Link Manager. Sau b n
ch n m t i t ng m b n mun xa lin
k t. (ho c b n c th ch n i t ng t
trong b n v , r i b m ph i chu t, ch n
Link->Link Manager).
- Sau b n ch n cc i b n ghi m b n
mun xa, n nt delete.
Ngoi ra bn cng c th xut thng tin kt ni,
to thnh mt dnh sch cc bn ghi lin kt vi i
tng cn xut.
- Ch n dbConnect - Links - Export Links.
- Select objects : ch n i t ng m b n
mun xu t thng tin lin kt.
- Trong m c Include Fields b n ch n cc
tr ng b n mun xut.
- Trong danh sch save as type (AutoCAD cho
bn 3 kiu file nh trong phn xut thng tin thuc tnh ca khi ni trong
mc trc)
- t tn file ri n nt save.
8. Quan st cc k t n i.
Bn cng c th quan st li cc kt ni to. C 2 kiu quan st kt ni :
- Quan st cc i t ng k t n i (View Linked Objects).
- Quan st cc b n ghi k t n i (View Linked Records).
AutoCAD t ng chn cc i tng lin kt khi bn chn mt hng, bn chn
Data View->Autoview Linked Objects.
AutoCAD t ng chn cc hng lin kt khi bn chn i tng trn bn v,
bn chn Data View->Autoview Linked Objects.
Cc ty bin trong hin th cc lin kt (Data View ->Option):
Repeat dbConnect
Cut
Copy
Copy with Base Point
Paste
Paste as Block
Paste to Original Coordinates
Erase
Move
Copy Selection
Scale
Rotate
Draw Order
---------------------------------------------------- J
Links
131
1'^Delete Links
1 1
Deselect All
Quick Select...
Find...
Properties
60
- AutoPan v Autozoom hi n th cc i t ng c ch n m t cch t ng.
Ta c ng c th hi u chnh t l zoom factor (tnh theo n v %). T l ny m c
nh l 50% c ngha l vng ch a cc i t ng =50% vng ta quan st trong
b n V.
- Record Indication Record (show all records ho c select indicated records) hi u
chnh ch hi n th cc b n ghi lin kt hay hi n tt c cc b n ghi c a b ng v
cc b n ghi in k t s c nh d u theo mu c ch n m c Mark
Indicated Records.
ff Data View and Query Options { ? X
AutoPan and Zoom
[ |Automatically pan drawing
Record Indication Settings
Show only indicated records
Automatically zoom drawing
O Show all records, select indicated records
Zoom factor
0 Mark Indicated records
Yellow Marking Color
Query Options
I~1 Send as native SQL
Accumulate Options
1 1Accumulate selection set in drawing
1 1Automatically Store 1 1Accumulate record set in data view
OK | Cancel Help
9. T o m u nhn.
Ta cng c th to cc thng tin nh km vi cc i tng trong bn v. Cc thng
tin ny s bn dnh ly i tng trong bn v (hoc khng bm dnh ly i tng trong
bn v ty theo tnh nng m ta chn). Nu l gn dnh th khi ta dch chuyn i tng
lin kt th cc thng tin ny cng di chuyn theo. Ngi ta gi cc thng tin ny l cc
nhn (Label).
to c cc nhn (label), u tin ta phi to c cc mu nhn (Label
Template). Sau y trnh by cc bc to c mt mu nhn.
- Ch n t menu dbConnect>Tempiates>New Label Template.
- H p tho i Select a Database Object, ch n m u lin k t s d ng lm m u
nhn. Click continue.
- H p tho i New Label Template. Nh p tn m u nhn trong h p vn b n New
Label Template Name. Nu b n c s n m t m u nhn, b n mun s d ng n
m c s cho m u nhn m i, ch n t danh sch th xu ng Start with Template.
Click contine.
61
ffH New Label Template
n order to work with labels, you must first create a
abel template that defines what fields fromthe
database table are displayed in the label and how
the label text is formatted
Mew label template name:
- , ' \
Start with templ>:
V
!
1
Continue Cancel Help
Cad s m h p tho i Label Template nh h p tho i Multiline Text Editor. B n
c th nh d ng vn b n nh
trong Multiline Text Editor.
Trn Tab Label Fields, ch n m t
tr ng m b n mun xut hi n
trn nhn t danh sch th xurtg
Field List, sau kch nt Add.
N u mun add thm tr ng vo
nhn b n l p l i cc b c trn.
Trn Tab Label Offset, ch n ki u
canh trong h p start. Nh p d i X v Y trong h p Leader offset quy nh
kho ng cch gi a i m u c a m i tn nh d ng v i m chn c a vn bn
(m u khong cch ny qu b g n m i tn th m i tn s b bi n m t). Nh p
d i X v Y trong h p Tip offset quy nh kho ng cch t i m u c a m i
tn n i m chn c a cui m i tn trn i t ng g n dnh.
BU Label Template - ComputerLabeM
Character Poperties Find/Replace Label Fields Label Offset OK
Start: -* MiddleCenter MC V Leadei oiset X:[T0] Y :[T0] Tip offset X: [00] Y: [00]
tt( T ag_ Nunber)
#( M anuf actur er )
Cancel
I importText-
I Help
Modify label off set. Ln 3 Col 1 momm
Hiu chnh mt mu nhn :
- Ch n t menu dbConnect - Template ->Edit Label Template.
- Ch n m u nhn m b n mu n hi u chnh trong h p tho i Seect a Database
Object.
Xa mt mu nhn :
- Ch n t menu dbConnect - Template - Delete Label Template.
- Ch n m u nhn m b n mu n xa trong h p tho i Select a Database Object.
10. T o nhn.
62
Phn loi nhn :
- Nhn t do (attached Label): l nhn khnq i km v i m t i t nq no c a
AutoCAD. ' , ' '
- Nhn g n dnh (Freestanding Label): nhn nh km v i m t i t ng no
. Khi ta dch chuy n i t ng lin kt, nhn g n dnh c ng di chuy n theo.
Cc bc to mt nhn nh km :
- M c a s Data View c m t m u lin kt v m t mhn in kt c nh
ngha v ch n m t m u nhn t o trong danh sch th xu ng Select a Labei
Template pha trn c o c a s .
- Ch n m t ho c nhi u b n ghi m b n mun m nhn g n v i cc i t ng
trong bn v .
- Ch n menu Data View->Link and Label Setting-Create Attached Labei.
- Ch n menu Data View-Link!
- Ch n m t ho c nhi u i t ng m b n mun g n nhn c a b n vo.
Cc bc to mt nhn t do :
- M c a s Data View c m t m u Hn kt v m t mhn lin k t c nh
ngha v ch n m t m u nhn t o trong danh sch th xu ng Select a Label
Template pha trn c a c a s .
- Ch n m t ho c nhi u b n ghi m b n mun lm nhn g n v i cc i t ng
trong b n v .
- Ch n menu Data View->Link and Label Setting -Create Freestanding Label.
- Ch n menu Data View -Link!
- Ch n m t ho c nhi u i t ng m b n mun g n nhn c a b n vo.
Mun xa nhn ta chn nhn cn xa t bn v, nhn nt delete trn bn phm.
11. s dng query truy tm d liu
Bn c th truy tm d liu bng cc s dng ngn ng SQL. SQL l ngn ng c
s dng bu ht trong tt c cc c s d liu tinh chnh v ly cc thng tin t c s
d liu. Bn c th s dng query lm nhng vic sau :
- Xem m t t p con c a m t c s d li u.
- L y d li u t cc b ng khc nhau c a c s d li u.
- T o m t t p ch n t h p tho i Link Select.
Mhp thoi Query Editor, bn thc hin qua cc bc sau :
- Menu dbConnect-^Queries ->New Query on a link Template.
- Ch n m u nhn b n mun s d ng trong h p tho i Select a DataBase Object.
Click continue.
- nh tn Query b n mun t o trong h p New Query Name (b n c th ch n m t
query c s n nu c lm c s trong danh sch th xung Existing query names).
AutoCAD cho php ta s dng mt s m hnh SQL sau :
11.1. s dng Quick Query
63
[fa| Query Editor -- ComputerQueryl
Query for records in table: Computer
Quick Query Range Query || Queiy Builder || SQL Quciy|
Field:
Tag_N umber
Manufacturer
Equipment_D escription
ltem_Type
Room
Operator: = Equal
Value:
Look up values
0 Indicate records in data view
0 Indicate objects in drawing
S B
Execute
Close
Help
Store
Options..
Gii thch :
- Look up values : n u b n khng nh r gi tr c a tr ng b n c th nhn vo
nt ny xem tr c cc gi tr c a tr ng.
- Indicate records in data view : n u c ch n th t t c cc b n ghi c ch n
khi thi hnh query s c hi n th trn data view.
- Indicate Objects in drawing : n u c ch n th t t c cc objects lin k t v i
cc b n ghi c ch n khi thi hnh c ng s c ch n theo [rn b n v .
- Score : l u l i query.
- Execute : thi hnh query.
11.2. s d ng Range Query
ffaj Query Editor ComputerQueryl
Query for records in table: Computer
Quick Query Range Query Query Builder SQL Query
Field:
T aa_Number
Manufacturer
Equipment_D escription
ltem_Type
Room
From:
Through:
9571
Look up values
26174
Look up values
Indicate records in data view
0 Indicate objects in drawing
Execute
Close
Help
Store
Options..
Dng truy tm d liu c gi tr t From n gi tr Through.
64
a. s dung Range Query
BH Query Editor ComputerQueryl
Query for records in (able: Computer
Quick Query Range Query I Query Builder SQL Query
Field Operator Value Logical
( Taq_Number >= Greater than or equa 9571 And
Tag_Number <= Less than or equal 26174
) Or
( Manufacturer > Greater than CISCO n
< mi 1 >
Fields in table: Show fields: Add Sort by: I Add) 1A T j
T ag_N umber
Manufacturer
ltem_Type
Room
E quipment_D escription
ltem_Type
Room
TagLN umber
0 Indicate records in data view 0 Indicate objects in drawing
Execute
Close
Help
Store
Options..
Nhm ngoc n gip bn nhm cc nhm iu kin li thnh mt nhm (nh cc
php ton logic thng thng).
Fields in table : cc trng c trong bng c chn.
Show fields : cc trng s c hin th sau khi thc hin truy vn.
Sort by : trng s c ch nh sp xp.
11.3. s d ng Range Query
ffaj Query Editor ComputerQueryl
B B
Quick Query Range Query Query Builder SQL Query
______________________
:;S C.-A-,
..3
"m
L I
e ;
- - II
Bn c th s dng ngn ng SQL vit cc truy vn theo mnh. Nt check s
gip bn kim tra c php ca mnh
11.4. s d ng Link Select
Link select cho php tao to ra mt tp chn s dng query.
65
Cc bc to mt tp chn Link Select :
ffaj Link Select - Drawingl
Quick Query
Field:
Range Query Query Builder
Manufacturer
E quipment_D escription
ltem_Type
Room
Operator:
Value:
> Greater than
24857
Look up values
0 Indicate records in data view
0 Indicate objects in drawing
Do: Select V
Use Query
o
Using: Computer Linkl V o Select in Drawing <
Execute
Reset
Cancel
Help
Finish
Drawing: Drawingl Objects: 0
Table: et_dbsamples... Computer Records: 0
- Ban u, ta ch n trong menu xu ng Do l a ch n select.
- T o ra m t t p ch n u tin ri nhn Execute.
- Sau ta l i ch n trong menu xung Do cc php ton logic.
- T o ra cc t p ch n th hai b ng cch nh n Execute.
III. Lm vi c v i Raster Image
1. T ng quan
Bn c th chn cc nh scan (scanned Images) v nh k thut s (digital
photographs) vo bn v. v bn cht, cc nh chn ny l tp hp cc im nh (Pixels),
cn cc i tng (Object) trong AutoCAD l cc vector. Do vy cc nh chn s c kch
thc ln v nng hn cc i tng ca CAD. CAD cho php bn c th zoom, pan cng
nh in n bn v cha Images.
2. Chn nh (inserting images
chn nh, ta chn insert-^Raster image*^chn file v ng dn ti n.
6 6
Hl I Image
Name: Snap5
z [
Browse...
Found in:
Saved path:
Path type
C:\Documents and Settings\Tran Anh Binh\Snap5.bmp
C:\Documents and Settings\Tran Anh Binh\Snap5.bmp
Full path
Insertion point
0 Specify on-screen
X:
Y:
Z:
Scale
0 Specify on-screen
Rotation
n Specify on-screen
Angle:
0
3. Qu n l hnh nh (Managing images)
Chn Insert->Image Manager m hp thoi Image Manager
fH3 Image Manager
H B
Image Name Status Size Type Date Saved Path
Loaded 1MB BMP 1/4/2006... C:\Documenls c
< >
Image found at
Attach..
Detach
Reload
Unload
Details.
CADocuments and Settings\T tan Anh Binh\Snap5.bmp
Browse... Save Path
OK Cancel Help
- Attach inserts an image, opening the Image dialog box
- Detach erases the image from your drawing and deletes all reference to it in
the drawing database.
- Reload redisplays an image after you have unloaded it.
- Unload removes the display of the image but retains the reference to it. Later, you
can reload the image to redisplay it.
- Details provides you with a preview, as well as information about the image, its
path, and its size.
4. C t xn nh (Clipping images)
Mc ch : i khi ta khng cn hin th tt c hnh nh, ta ch cn hin th mt
phn cu hnh nh. Vic xn bt hnh nh s lm cho bn v nh hn, tng tc zoom
v pan cho bn v.
Cch lm : Modify->Clip->Image
67
5. i u khi n s hi n th (Controlling image display)
5.1. i u khi n hi n th
Chn Modify->Obect->Image (hoc lnh IMAGEADJ UST)
ffH Image Adjust [?J ><
Brightness
Dark
Contfast
Low
Light 14
Snap5
Fade
Min
High
Max
80

watm
Reset OK Cancel Help
5.2. Ch t l ng nh (Image quality)
Chn Modify->Object->Image->Quality (hoc lnh IMAGEQUALITY)
Lnh ny c tc dng cho tt c cc nh c trn bn v, chn High_Quality s lm
cho bn v chm hn. vi la chn ny CAD s chuyn ch in sang high quality
5.3. Image transparency
Chuyn ch qun l nh t pixel sang ch nh nn. Modify-> Object->
mage->Transparency. Mc nh l OFF, bt ch ny, bn chuyn sang ON.
5.4. B t t t ng bao c a nh (Image frame)
Khi b'n tt ch ng bao ca nh, bn s khng th chn c nh na.
bt tt ch ny bn chn : Modify->ObjectHMmage->Frame
IV.Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects
Phn ny chng ta s nghin cu s chia s d liu d AutoCAD v cc ng dng
khc.
Bn c th chn d liu (Text or Image) t cc ng dng ngoi bng cc phng
php sau :
- Embed : i tng c chn vo bn v s c kh nng tr v chng trnh
ngun khi bn mun Edit chng. Ngha l khi bn double-click vo i tng ,
chng trnh ngun s c m ra v bn c th chnh sa chng.
- Paste : i tng (objects) s c chn vo bn v, s dng khi bn khng
mun lin kt vi chng trnh ngun. Thng c s dng khi bn ch mun
hin th chng m khng cn chnh sa, hoc nhng i tng c th c
chnh sa bng AutoCAD
- Link : i tng (objects) c chn vo bn v di dng ng link. CAD
khng lu object m ch lu ng dn ti file cha Object . Khi file ngun b
thay i th s thay i s c update vo trong AutoCAD file.
Tt c cc la chn Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects u nm trong mc
Option ca Paste special. Link v Embedding ging nh OLE (Object Linking and
Embedding)
1. Embedding objects into AutoCAD
Cch 1
6 8
- TAutoCAD, chn inertC'OLE Object m insert Object dialog box (hoc c
th bng lnh INSERTOBJ ). (The entries listed in this dialog box depend on the
applications you have installed on your computer.)
- To file mi, chn Create New ->ng dng s c m ra ->bn to d liu
mi sau khi kt thc choose FileoUpdate t ng dng . Sau ng ng dng
li quay li vi AutoCAD.
- Bn c th chn an existing file, chn Create From File. Click Browse tm file
cn chn. Click Open. Chn Link link the data (described in the next section of
this chapter). Chn OK. AutoCAD t file top-left comer
Cch 2
- Chn ng dng ngun, Chn copy
- Chuyn sang CAD, chn Edit->Pates special ->chn embedding.
Cch 3
- Bn ng dng ngun v Autocad
- nh du phn d liu mun chn vo trong CAD, gi Ctrl_drag vo trong
CAD.
OLE objects c mt s nhc im sau :
- Nu chng cha tham kho ngoi hoc block th chng s khng c hin th
v khng c in ra.
- Trong mt s trng hp, OLE objects c th b in ra bng my in h thng m
khng qua iu khin in ca AutoCAD.
- OLE objects khng b xoay cng vi bn v khi bn s dng Plot rotation. Tuy
nhin bn c th xoay OLE objects bng cch iu chnh Lanscape setting trong
my in h thng (the windows system printer)
2. Linking data
Cch lm :
- Chn ng dng ngun, Chn copy
- Chuyn sang CAD, chn Edit->Pates special->chn link
Lu :
- Khi bn m file CAD c cha ng link, CAD s cho bn la chn Update file
link c trong bn v.
- Tuy nhin bn cng c th iu khin Update trong lc ang m bn v bng
cch vo insert->01e links.
Links r?|(xi
Links: Type Update
Cancel
[F:\...\Cad Nang Cao.doclOLE LINK1 Document Automatic
Update Now
Open Source
Change Source...
Break Link
Source: F:\..ABM\AutoCad\Cad Nang Cao.doc!OLE_UNK1
Type: MCfosoft 0 ffice Word Document
Update: Automatic o Manual
69
- Trong qu trnh lm vic, ai thay i ng dn file link ca bn, bn c th
break link v change source.
3. Pasting data into AutoCAD
M ng dng->copy
M CAD->Edit->pate special->List hin ra ph thuc vo ng dng ngun.
70
Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)
I. Cc i t ng shape. (1 ti t)
1. Khi ni m v Shape.
Shape l mt object (i tng) c s dng nh l mt block. Shape cha cc i
tng nh dng thng, cung trn c nh ngha trong file .SHP, l file dng vn bn
ASSCII. s dng c trong bn v cc file ny phi c bin dch thnh cc file
.SHX bng lnh Compile trong AutoCAD. Sau , s dng lnh Load ti file .SHX vo
bn v, dng lnh Shape chn cc shape vo bn v (nh l s dng lnh insert khi
chn block). Ta cng c th nh r t l, gc quay cho mi ln chn shape vo bn v.
Ngoi ra, shape cn c d dng to cc font ch, to cc dng ng phc tp.
Block linh hot hn v d s dng hn shape. Tuy nhin cc shape li hiu qu hn
trong vic lu tr v v. N c t i nhanh h n so vi block v rt c ch khi bn v qu
ln v khi tc l quan trng.
Bn cng c th ti file Shape vo trong AutoCAD bng lnh load, hoc g b n
khi AutoCAD bng lnh Purge.
H Select Shape File
Look in: Q Support * g X 3 Views T oojs
Name Size Type Date Modified
^ Color File Folder 10/2/2004 6:02 fi
Help File Folder 10/2/2004 6:03 (5
_ ) Profiles File Folder 10/2/2004 6:03 0
1Register edT ools File Folder 10/2/2004 6:03 p
.^IToolPalette File Folder 10/2/2004 6:03 fi
gdt.shx 5 KB AutoCAD Compiled ... 11/19/1996 5:38
jD Itypeshp.shx 1KB AutoCAD Compiled ... 11/19/1996 5:38
Ib3simplex.shx 18 KB AutoCAD Compiled ... 6/23/2003 6:26 fi
< 1 >
File name:
V Open I H
Shape Fonts f.shx) V Cancel
:igure 1: Load shape file
71
BU Purge
View items you can purge
O View items you cannot purge
Items not used in drawing:
B CP All items
IS S^J l Blocks
IS A Dimension styles
S ^ Layers
Jrl Linetypes
Mline styles
|| Plot styles
Ti Shapes
H Table styles
IS Text styles
0 Confirmeach itemto be purged
1 I Purge nested items
Purge I Purge 11 Close Help
"igure 2 : Purge shape files
Chn file shape cn g b sau n Purge.
ng d ng c a Shape :
- Dng t p cc font ch .
- Dng tao ra cc d ng ng ph c t p.
- Ngoi ra Shape cn c s d ng nh Block.
Cch t o ra cc Shape : chng tanh ngha cc Shape trong file .SHP. Sau y trnh
by cch m t mt Shape.
2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.
Cc shape trong AutoCAD c m t c th trong file .SHP v cc file c bin
dch l .SHX. Ta c th s dng text editor hoc word processor to mi hoc sa cc
shape trong shape file c v lu li thnh file c phn m rng l .SHP di dng in ASCII
format.
Mi file trong shape c m t bng nhiu dng, mi dng cha ti a 128 k t,
nhng dng di hn s khng c bin dch. Cc dng ch thch bt u bng du chm
phy. AutoCAD s t ng b i cc dng trng v chui k t bn phi du chm phy.
C php m t mt shape trong file shape nh sau :
*shapenumber,defbytes,shcipename
specbytel ,specbyte2,specbyte3,...,0
- : du sao quy nh bt u m t mt Shape mi.
- Shapenumber : s nh danh ca shape
- Defbytes : s lng cc byte m t ca shape
- Shapename : Tn ca shape
- Dng tip theo l cc bye m t (specbyte) shape, mi byte ngn cch nhau mt
du phy. V kt thc bng s 0.
72
Shapenumber
L s nguyn c gi tr t 1n 255 (i khi ti 32768 i vi cc shape file dng
to font Unicode), s nguyn ny phi l duy nht, s nh danh ca 2 shape bt k trong
cng mt file khng c trng nliau.
Defbytes
S lng cc byte m t shape (S lng cc specbyte) bao gm c s 0 sau cng.
Mt shape c ti a 2000 byte m t.
shapename
Tn ca shape bt buc phi l ch hoa. Tn cha k t thng s b b qua v
thng c s dng lm nhn cho font shape.
Specbyte
Byte m t. Bye ny c biu din di dng s thp phn hoc s thp lc. Nu
s u tin l s 0 th hai ch s tip theo s l gi tr thp lc. C hai loi byte m t.
- M vector (Vector Length and Direction Code)
- M c bit (Special Codes)
Nghin cu c th tng loi Specbyte :
2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).
Mt byte m t (Specbyte) n gin cha cc di cc vector v hng ca chng
c s ha trong mt bye. Mi m vector l mt chui
bao gm 3 k t.
K t u tin phi l s 0, do 2 k t tip theo
biu din s thp lc phn.
K t th hai biu din chiu di vector. Gi tr t 1
(n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di).
K t th ba biu din hng ca vector. Gi tr t
1(n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di). Hnh sau
y minh ha hng c s ha.
Ch : Cc vector ny u c di l 1n v.
V d sau xy dng mt shape c tn l DBOX vi
s nh danh l 230.
*230,6,DBOX
014,010,01C,018,012,0
Dng trnh son tho NotePad to mt file vn bn c ni dung nh trn, sau ghi
li vi tn l dbox.shp. s dng lnh Compile trong AutoCAD bin dch thnh file
dbox.shx. s dng lnh Load ti file dbox.shx vo trong AutoCAD. Sau s dng
lnh shape nh sau :
Command: shape
Enter shape name or [?]: dbox
Specify insertion point: 1,1
Specify height <current>: 2
Specify rotation angle <current>: 0
010-
Kt qu l ta v c hnh sau :
Trnh t v c miu t trn hnh v. im bt u v
c ta d (1,1). Trnh t v : 014,010,01C,018,012. s 0 sau
cng kt thc chui m t.
2.2. Special Codes (m c bi t)
Cc m c bit dng to cc hnh dng c bit. Mi m t c bit l mt
chui 3 k t :
73
K t u tin phi l s khng.
K t th hai phi l s khng.
K t ba xc nh chc nng (miu t trong bng lit k). Gi tr thp lc phn nhp
vo t 1n F (15).
Ch : cc m vn c th vit di dng thp lc phn hoc thp phn. VD 008 hay
8 u c ngha nh nhau. Di y trnh by m thp lc phn :
M thp lc ngha
phn
000 Kt thc chui m t shape
001 Chuyn qua cc ch v
002 Tt ch v, chuyn qua ch di chuyn bt v
003 Theo sau m 003 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 xc nh t l
v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 003 s c chia cho
t l ny to ra chiu di thc trn mn hnh AutoCAD
004 Theo sau m 004 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 xc nh t l
v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 004 s c nhn cho
t l ny to ra chiu di thc trn mn hnh AutoCAD
005 LU tr v tr hin ti vo trong ngn xp
006 Ly v tr v c u trc o ra khi ngn xp
007 M t subshape, s lng cc subshape s c m t trong
byte k tip sau m ny
008 V vector vi chiu di v hng bt k. Hai byte theo sau
m ny quy nh di X v y.
00A V lin tip cc cung 45. Hai byte theo sau n xc nh bn
knh, s lng v chiu di ca cc cung ny.
00B V cung trn bt k. Nm byte theo sau m 00B s miu t
cung trn c v.
ooc V cung trn da vo h s cong.
00D V lin tip cc cung trn da vo h s cong.
00E s dng khi m t font ch. (s ni k trong phn sau)
Sau y ta xt chi tit vic s dng cc m c bit.
M 000 : Kt thc chui m t.
Sau m 000 nh du kt thc chui m t ca mt shape. Ch sau s 0 phi n
enter.
M 001 v 002 : Bt tt ch v.
001 : bt ch c v (dfaut in shape description). Cc m m tk tip m 001 s
c v trn mn hnh.
002 : Tt ch v. Cc m m t sau m 002 s khng c v ln mn hnh.
Nhng con tr v (bt v) vn di chuyn theo cc m m t sau n.
V d : nh don m sau vo file example.shp ri dch thnh file .shx c ni dung
nh sau :
*232,2,DBOX2
044,040,04C,048,002,012,001,024,020,02C,028,0
Chng trnh s thc hin nh sau :
- 4 byte u 044,040,04C,048 s v mt hnh vung di cnh l 4 n v.
74
- 3 byte tip theo 002,012,001 : s tt ch v, chuyn sang ch di chuyn.
Di chuyn mt on 012 sau li bt ch v.
- 4 byte k tip 024,020,02C,028 v hnh vung cnh l 2 n v.
M 003 v 004 : Thay i t l v.
Theo sau hai m ny l mt s nguyn t 1-255, quy nh t l v.
Nu l m 003 th t l v s c chia cho s ng sau n.
Nu l m 004 th t l v s c nhn vi s ng sau n.
V d : 004,10 : Cc nt v tip sau n s c di bng di m m t nhn vi
10.
V d : Ta cng v hnh DBOX2 trn nhng s dng m thay i t ]:
Ta gi hnh ny l DBOX22, on m m t DBOX22 nh sau.
*233,12,DBOX22
(* V hnh v tip tc on m y ch th hin Ly li t l *)
M 005 v 006 : LU v phc hi vi tri ca con tr trong stack.
M 005 y ta con tr v vo stack (ngn xp) v m 006 ly ta ra khi stack
v gn n cho ta con tr hin hnh (ni cch khc l phc hi vi tr con tr 1 11 trong
stack).
Ngn xp ti a ch lu tr c 4 vi tr. Nu lu tr qu kh nng ca n AutoCAD
s thng trn stack : Position stack overflow in shape nnn
Nu stack ang rng, ta c tnh dng 006 ly ta ra khi stack. Khi v shape ny
AutoCAD s thng bo Position stack underflow in shape nnn.
vt d : Ta v hnh DBOX2 nhng c s dng code 005 v 006 nh sau :
( V hnh m t )
M 007 : M t subshape
M 007 ch yu dng to font ch. Ta s nghin cu m ny trong phn to font
ch.
M 008 v 009 : dich chuyn theo phng X v Y
Thng thng m vector ch cho php ta v c trong 16 hng inh sn vi di
ti a l 15 n vi. Ta dng m ny v nhanh chng cc shape n
gin, nhng khng th dng to cc shape phc tp. vi mi
008,009 bn c th v vector c di v hng khng gii hn,
bng cch s dng dich chuyn X,Y ( dich chuyn tng i so
vi im m con tr v ang ng).
Then sau m 008 l 2 byte quy inh i X,Y vi rlng sa :
008,X-dispacement,Y-displacement
di X-displacement,Y-displacement c gi tri trong khong A B c 0 E
-128 n +127. Du (+) l khng bt buc. Chng ta cng c th s
dng du ngoc n cho d c v d kim sot :
008,(X-displacement,Y-dispacement)
V d : (-10,3) m t vector hng v tri 10 n vi v hng ln
trn 3 n vi.
75
Khc vi m 008 chi v mt vector, m 009 v lin tip cc vector. Theo sau m 009 l
cc cp byte quy inh di (X,Y) v du hiu nhn bit kt thc m 009 l cp byte
(0,0).
V d : 009,(3,1),(3,2),(2,-3),(0,0) v lin tip ba vector c di tng (3,1),(3,2),(2,-
3).
M 00A : v cung trn 45 .
Theo sau m 00A l 2 byte inh ngha mt cung trn 45 (bng 1/8 ng trn), cc
cung c nh tli t t 0 n 7 tnh theo vi tr u ca cung.
M m t cung trn nh sau :
10,radius,(-)OSC
Bn kinh (radius) c gi t t 1n 255.
Byte th 2 (-)OSC m t :
- Du (-) quy inh hng v ca cung trn (v ngc
chiu kim ng h nu l dng, theo chiu kim ng
h nu l m).
- 0 : Lun lun l 0, quy .inli cc k t sau n l h thp
lc phn.
- c : S lng cc cung trn 45. c gi tri t 0 n 7.
Nu l 0 th AutoCAD s v c vng trn (8 cung 45)
bn kinh radius.
M 00B : v cung trn bt k.
M 00B cho php v mt cung trn bt k, khng nht thit phi bt u bng cc vi tri
inh trc nh m 00A.
OOB,start_offset,end_offset,high_radius, radius, (-)OSC
Start_offset: Biu din di ca cung trn so vi im bt u v c quy inh
trc trong m 00A (c nh s t 0-7). Gi tri ca start_offset c tinh bng cch ly
gi tri ca gc hp bi im bt u v cung theo 00B v im bt u v cung theo 00A
nhn vi 256 v chia cho 45. hay
start_offset =s o gc * 256/45.
End_offset : Biu din di ca im cui cung trn so vi im 1/8 ng trn
tng ng. Gi tri ca end_offset cng c tnh tng t nh start_offset
Radius : bn kinh ca cung trn (t 1n 255 n vi ).
High-radius : c gi t 0 n 255. s dng khi mun v cung trn c bn kinh ln hn
255 n vi. Cch tnh nh sau : Bn kinh =High-radius*256+Radius.
(-)OSC : M t nh 00A. Dng xc inh cc gi t start_offset v end_offset
M ooc v 00D : v ch plinh ra hoc cc cung trn c bit.
vi cc m ooc v 00D ta c th v c cc cung trn c hnh dng bt k bng cch
s dng h s cong ca cung trn. M ooc v mt cung trn, m OOD v nhiu cung trn
lin tip nliau.
Theo sau m ooc l 3 byte m t cung trn nh sau :
OOC,X-displacement,Y-displacement,Bulge
X-displacement,Y-dispIacement : di ca im cui ca cung trn (Ta tng
i ca im cui so vi im u) c gi tri t -127 n +127.
Bulge : H s xc inh cong ca cung trn, c gi tri t
-127 n 127. Cch tinh nh sau : Bulge=(2*H/D)*127.
5 6 7
76
- D : Chiu di dy cung.
- H : Chiu cao ca cung
- Du (-) v theo chiu kim ng h. Du (+) hoc khng c du th v ngc chiu
kim ng h.
Nu m ooc ch v mt cung trn th m 00D v lin tip cc cung trn. Theo sau m
00D l cc cp byte m t cung trn c v v kt thc OOD bng mt cp byte (0,0).
Vi d :
' OOD,(0,5,127),(0,5,0),(0,5,-127),(0,0)
(0,5,0) m t mt ng thng c di bng 5 n vi.
M 00E : M t font ch theo phng thng ng.
Ta s nghin cu m ny trong phn sau.
II. T o font ch
Hin nay AutoCAD cho php ta s dng 3 loi font ch. Font ch h thng (system
font), phong ch s dng shape (shape font) v big font.
Font h th ng :
- Cu to : Gm cc vector bin, v gia c t bng thut ton fill
- u im : system font p hn cc font khc.
- Nhc im : Do system font c nhng vng t nn nng hn cc font khc. Tc
ti sinh (render, pan, zoom) s rt chm.
An ABC
Shape font:
- Cu to bi cc shape trong c m t trong file .SHP.
- u im : V cc k t trong font u l cc shape nn c ti nhanh hn, tc
render c ci thin ng k nht l i vi cc bn v ln.
- Nhc im : Khng p lm.
Big font
Cu to :bi cc shape. Tuy nhin n c th l phn ni di ca cc shape font ni
trn. Shape font c cha ti a 255 k l cn big font c th cha n 65535 k t.
1. T o font ch SHX.
Font ch SHX c to ra v s dng trong AutoCAD. Mi k t ca font l mt
shape c m t trong file shape. Trong shape number chnh l m ascii ca k t
(t 0 n 255).
phn bit vi cc shape file khc, cc font ch phi c dng m t u tin nh
sau:
*0,4,font-name
above,below,modes ,0
Font-name : Tn font ch
Above : Khong cch gia ng top v ng Baseline
Below : Khong cch gia ng Bottom v ng Baseline.
Modes
- 0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.
- 1: Ch vit theo phng thng ng.
77
- 2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.
(v hnh minh ha vo y)
To mt v d minh ha font ch bao gm ch ABC. C th ly mt file font shape
bt k ri minh ha.
2. T o big font.
Trong thc t, font ch ca mt vi ngn ng (ting Nht) cha hng nghn k t
khng phi l m ACII. bn v cha cnhiu font nh vt AutoCAD cung cp mt
dang file gi la big font file.
Big font file cng c miu t trong file .SHP v c dch thnh file .SHX. Dng
u tin ca big font c dng nh sau :
*BIGFONT nchars,nranges,bl,el ,b2,e2,....
rtchars : s lng gn ng cc k t trong Big font ny. Nu sai s ln hn 10% th
tc truy xut s rt chm.
nrangs : s lng cc mim gi tr cha cc gi tr s dng lm m escape codes.
b l , e l , b 2 , e 2 , ...
- bl, el l gi tr bt u v kt thc ca min gi tr th nht
- bl, el l gi tr bt u v kt thc ca min gi tr th hai
V d ....
3. T o big font t file m r ng.
Trong cc file kiu ch tng hnh chu , c nhiu khi c s dng li nhiu ln
nh cc du trong ting vit (du s, huyn,...). Cc khi ny c m t trong cc
Subshape, c th dng li to cc shape khc nhau.
Dng u tin ca cc big font file m rng tng t nh big font file bnh thng :
*B GFONT nchars,nranges,bJ,e,b2,e2,....
Dng th hai s gip nhn bit l big font m rng :
*0,5,font-name
character-height,0, modes, character-width,0
Font name : Tn ca big font
Character-height, character-width : Chiu cao v chiu rng hnh ch nht c s
m t k t.
Modes
- 0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.
- 1: Ch vit theo phng thng ng.
- 2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.
Ch : m 00E (14) ch c tc dng khi gi tr modes bng 2.
Cc dng tip tho m t cc shape v dng m 007 chn cc subshape. Cc
subshape cng phi c m t nh c shape thng thng khc.
*Shapenumber,defbytes>shapename
specbyte,.. .,007,0,primitive#,basepoint-x,basepoirtt-y,width,height,spectbyte,.. .,0
78
Shapenumber : s nguyn 2 byte, dng thp lc phn, v do , phi c thm s 0
pha trc.
Defbytes : s lng cc bye m t (specbyte) cn thit m t shape (k c s 0
sau cng). Gi tr shapenumber ca subshape (theo sau m 007) c tnh l 2 byte.
Shapename : Tn k t
Specbyte : byte m t
007,0 : 2 byte bt u on chn subshape
Primitive#: gi tr shapenumber ca shape.
basepoint-x,basepoint-y : thnh phn ta x,y ca im chn subshape.
Width, height: chiu rng, chiu cao ca subshape. Trc khi c chn, kch thc
subshape s c thu nh bng 1 vung n v, sau n c phng to tng ng vi
gi tr Width, height.
Spectbyte : cc byte m t ca subshape.
111. To cc dng dng (file linetype)
1. Khi nim v phn loi dng ng.
AutoCAD cung cp rt nhiu dng ng c sn. Cc dng ng ny c th l nt
t, nt lin, hay cc ng tm,... Cc dng ng ny c cung cp trong file .LIN. Ta
cng c th t to ra cc file ny v lull li di nh dng Text v c ui l .LIN.
AutoCAD cung cp cc dng ng c sn trong file CAD.LIN, ACADISO.LIN .
Cc dng ng n gin c cu to t cc im(dot), on thng(dash) v
khong trng c v i v li nhiu ln.
V d :
- Nt gch di 0.5 n v bn v
- Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v
- Nt gch di 0.5 n v bn v
- Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v
- Mt im nh (nt gch di 0 n v bn v)
- Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v
Ta phn dng ng lm hai l oi : dng ng n gin v dng ng phc tp.
- Dng ng n gin l cc dng ng ch bao gm cc on thng, khong
trng v u chm.
- Dng ng phc tp l cc dng ng khng ch cha cc on thng,
khong trng, du chm m cn cha cc i tng khc nh phng ch hay
cc i tng Shape.
2. To cc dng ng n gin.
C hai cch to dng ng n gin
- Dng creat trong lnh -linetype
- To file m t dng m ACII c phn m rng .LIN.
2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.
Command: -LINETYPE
Current line type: "ByLayer"
Enter an option [ ?/Create/Load/Set]: c Create
Enter name oflinetype to create: name Duong COten la name
Wait, checking ifiirtetype already defined... Chn tn file s to mi hoc m
79
(Hp thoi Creat and Append linetype file
hin ln bn di).
Descriptive text: Duong tam
Enter linetype pattern (on next line)'.
file .LIN c sn ghi ng li
ng ny
Tn ng s hin trong hp
linetype manager
Nhp vo cc byte m t dng
A,0.5,0.5,-0.25,0,-0.25
ng
Create or Append Linetype File
r --------------------- **
Save in: Support V ^ I t! X ? Views Tools 1
Mai c cui.

Favorites
FTP
Desktop
Buzzsaw
Name Size Type Date Modified
Color File Folder 10/2/2004 6:02 fi
Q Help File Folder 10/2/2004 6:03 fi
Profiles File Folder 10/2/2004 6:03 0
Register edTools File Folder 10/2/2004 6:03 fi
QT ool Pal ette File Folder 10/2/2004 6:03 fi
B acad.l i n 6 KB AutoCAD L inetype ... 1/7/2004 6:49 Ah
B acadi so.l i n 7 KB AutoCAD L inetype ... 1/6/2004 9:36 At*
fcJ sample2.L I N 1 KB AutoCAD L inetype ... 11/15/2004 8:20
< III >J I
File name:
sample2.LIN
Files of type: Linetype (Min)
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80
RU L inetype Manager
Linetype filters
Show ail linetypes I I Invert filter
Load... Delete
Current
Current Unetype: CONTINUOUS
Hide details
Linetype
ByLayer
ByBlock
CENTER
CONTINUOUS
DASHDOT
HIDDEN
Appearance Description
Center
Continuous
------------------------ Hidden.
Duong Tam,__. __.
Details
Name:
Description:
Name
Duong T am, . .
0 Use paper space units for scaling
Global scale factor:
Current object scale:
ISO Deri width:
500.0000
1.0000
K Can'
_
Help
Quy c m t dng ng trong linetype.
- Dng ng c bt u bng ch A. Ch A ny quy nh kt thc i tng
bng gch lin.
- Gi tr dng quy nh chiu di nt gch lin.
- Gi tr m quy dnh d di khong trng.
- S 0 quy nh on thng c di bng 0 hay nt chm (dot).
Nh vy dng ng c m t trong file samplel.lin trn c dng sau :
Ch : M A (alignaient) quy nh cch v cc dng ng ti cc im cui ca
cc i tng v. M Alignment l t ng a vo trong nh ngha file .LIN.
Dng binh thng.
Dng thu ngn li.
Di ko di ra.
Dng qu ngn (bin i tng thnh nt lin).
2.2. To linetype bng cch son tho trc tip trong .LIN
Mi dng ng trong file .LIN c m t trong hai dng :
*linet pe_name,description
A,descriptorl,descriptor2,...
- Du * t trc tn dng ng l bt buc.
- Linetypename : Tn ca ng, s hin ln trong linetype manager.
- Description : Chui m t c th c hoc khng c v di khng qu 47 k t.
- A : quy nh kt thc i tng v bng nt gch lin.
- Descriptor 1,2,.. : Byte m t dng ng (nh trnh by trn).
IV.Dng ng phc cha i tng shape
81
Cch m t cc nt gch khong trng v du chm tng t nh trong file m t
dng ng n gin. C php m t mt dng ng ging nh dng ng n gin.
i vi dng ng c cha i tng shape th ta ch vic thm vo on m t dng
ng mt c php m t shape nh sau :
[shapename,shxfilename] or [shapename,shxfiename,transform]
Shape name : Tn ca i tng v shape. Nu tn ca i tng khng c trong file
shape, AutoCAD s xem nh khng c phn m t v i tng shape trong dng ng.
Shxfilename : Tn ca file .shx cha i tng shape cn chn vo dng ng, cn
phi ch r tn, ng dn, nu khng AutoCAD s tm trong th mc mc nh cha cc
file .SHX : \Documents and Settings\[user name]\Application DataVYutodeskVVutoCAD
2005\R16.0\enu\Support.
Transform : L mc ty chn, gm cc thng s tng ng vi php bin hnh khi
chn i tng shape v dng ng. Gi tr ca transform c m t trong bng di
y, mi thng s c cch nhau bi du phy.
Gi tr ca cc thng s Transform.
Gi tr ngha
R=##Relative Gc quay tng i ca shape so vi ng
rotation thng c v.
A=##Absolute Gc quay tuyt i so vi trc ox ca h ta
rotation WCS.
s=## Scale H s t l (ca shape c chn vi shape
c m t trong shape file).
x=## X offset di theo phng ng thng (X n v)
Y=##Y offset di theo phng vung gc vi ng
thng. (Y n v). (X,Y c th l s m)
V d :
Dng lnh load ti file Itypeshx.shx vo bn v, sau nh lnh Shape
chn shape c tn l bat v bn v. Hnh ca bat hin ln nh sau :
M file LT_Sample.LIN ra v nh them 3 linetype sau :
*BAT1LINE, [BATll [BATll [BATll
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5],-12.7
*BAT2LINE, [BAT21 [BAT21 [BAT21
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5,R=0,X=-20.0],-12.7
*BAT3LiNE, [BAT3] [BAT3] [BAT3]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,C:\sainple\ltypeshp.shx,S=5,y=-6.0,r=90,X=-6],-12.7
Hnh dng cc linetype trn hin theo th t nh sau :
n o o Q.__ o Q__ o Q__ 1___
82
Ch : tn linetype khng nht thit phi vit hoa. Th t cc transform khng nht
thit phi c nh.
1. D ng ng ph c c ch a i t ng ch .
C php m t i tng ch trong dng ng phc tp nh sau : (* ch trong
AutoCAD 2005, c php to dng ng c cha cc k t c khc so vi cc phin
bn trc, n yu cu nght ngho hn cc phin bn trc).
["text", textstylename, scale, rotation, xoffset,yoffset]
- Text: chui k t c chn vo.
- Style : Tn kiu ch m AutoCAD s ly nh dng cho text.
- Scale,rotad on,xoffset,yoffset: Tng t nh trn cc thng s ca transform.
V d :
*HOT_WATER_SUPPLYl, HW HW HW HW HW -
A,.5,-.2, ["HW",STANDARDS=.1,R=0.0,x=-0.1,Y=-.05 ],-.2
Kt qu ta c dng ng nh sau :
b V H vv' ---------- H\ V
Ch : Nu s=0 th text s ly theo font v c c ch (height) bng 1.
V. T o cc m u m t c t.
1. File m u m t c t.
Mu mt ct c AutoCAD miu t trong file c phn m rng .PAT. Ta c th s
dng cc mt ct c sn c m t trong cc file ACAD.PAT v ACADISO.PAT hoc t to
cc mau ring lu li trong file .PAT di inh dng ACII file. Ch , khc vi dng ng,
mi file dng mt ct ch cha c mt dng mt ct v tn file phi trng vi tn mt ct.
Mc inh *.pat c Ill'll trong th mc \Documents and Settings\[user
name]\Appication Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2005\R16.0\eniASupport.
Sau khi to xong cc dng mt ct trong cc file ring l. Bn c th copy on m
t mt ct trong cc file ny vo cc file Acad.Pat hoc Acadlso.Pat, b xung chng vo
mc Patern trong lnh BHatcli.
Cng ging nh dng ng, ta chia dng mt ct thnh hai l oi : Mt ct n gin
v dng mt ct phc tp.
- Mu mt ct n gin l mu ch cha mt dng ng thng.
- Mu mt ct phc tp l mu gm nhiu h ng thng hp thnh.
2. T o m u m t c t n gi n.
Mt mu mt ct trong file .PAT c m t bng nhiu dng lin nhau, c php m t
nh sau :
*pattern-name[, description]
angle, x-origin,y-origin, delta-x,delta-y [, dash, dash2,...]
- Pattern - name : Tn mt ct s m t, khng c cha khong trng.
- Description : Phn m t (Khng bt buc) v khng c vt qu 80 k t
- Angle : Gc ca ng ct.
- x-origin : Honh X ca im chun dng v mu mt ct. Thng thng ta
s dng im gc c ta (0,0)
- y-origin : Tung ca im chun dng lm gc ta .
- delta-x : di ca ng ct tlieo phng phng ng thng.
- delta-y : di ca ng ct theo phng vung gc vi phng ng thng.
83
- dashl, dash2,... : Chi s dng khi cc ng ct l dng ng khng lin tc.
Cc gi tri ny m t dng ng (bao gm nt gch v khong trng).
V d
To file c tn L123.PAT ni dung nh sau
*L123, proposed future trailers
0, 0,0, 0,0.5

Sfr
- 4
%
To file c tn L124.PAT ni dung nh sau
*L124, proposed future trailers
90, 0,0, 0,1
*L125, proposed future trailers
0,1,0,1,2, -3,1
84
3. T o cc m u m t c t ph c t p.
M mt ct phc tp c to t nhiu h ng khc nhau (line family). Cc h
ng ny c m t trn mt dng vo tp thnh mt mt ct phc tp.
Vi d :
on m t sau to ra mt mt ct nh linh v
*ightning, interwoven lightning
90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25
*ightning, interwoven lightning
0, -.25,-5, 0,.75, .25-.25
*lightning, interwoven lightning
90, .25,.5, 0,.5, .5,.25
V on m sau m t mt mt ct phc tp to bi 3 h ng trn :
*lightning, Interwoven lightning
90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25
0, -.25,.5, 0,.75, .25-.25
90, -.25,.5, 0,5, .5-.25
85
VI.Menu.
1. Menu v file menu.
1.1. Cc lo i menu
C tng cng c 10 loi menu
- Cc menu (pulldown menu): l menu nh file, edit,...
- Cc menu ng c nh (shortcut menu): l menu hi n ln khi ta n ph i chu t t i v
tr trn b n v .
- Cc thanh cng c (toolbar). Ci ny th ai c ng bi t r i.
- Cc menu hnh nh (Image menu) : l menu hi n ln nh khi ta vo m c
Draw->Surfaces ->3d surfaces.
- Cc menu mn hnh (Screen menu) : menu ny c hi n lr khi ta vo Tools
option -^Display -^Window element-^Display screen menu.
- Cc menu thi t b chu t (Auxiliary menu) : menu ny cc thit b chu t nh ta
bm ctrl+chu t tri, ctrl+chu t ph i.
- Cc thit b khc c a h thng nh p (Button menu): y menu ph c v cho
cc thi t b khc c a h th ng nh p nh bt i n t .
- Cc b ng nh p s ha (tablet) : menu dnh ring cho cc b ng s ha c a cad.
Ci ny ti c ng m i nhn th y l n u t i tri n lm tn h c thng 11 v a r i
( cn g i l tablet digital).
- Cc chu i ch [hch status (helpstring): Ci ny (h ai c ng bi t r i. Khi ta
chuyn con tr ln cc menu , s xu t hi n cc dng ch thch thanh tr ng
thi (status).
- Cc phm nng (shortcu key). V d ctrl+o ->Open, v.v...
1.2. Cc lo i file menu
Chng ta c cc loi file menu sau :
*.mnu File menu mu, y l file m ACII m bn c th hiu chnh trc
tip trn n.
*.mns y l file menu ngun c pht sinh bi AutoCAD da trn file
*.mnu. Cu trc file ny n gin hn mnu mt cht nhng v c
bn l ging. Bn cng c th hiu chnh trc tip trn file ny.
Khi bn thay i cc phm tt, hoc thay i cc toolbar,... ngay
trong CAD th CAD s ghi li s thay i trn file ny. Ch
khng ghi vo file *.mnu. CAD s khng can thip vo File *.mnu
v n coi file ny l file ca ngi dng to ra.
*.mnc L file bin dch m nh phn ca AutoCAD. AutoCAD s bin
dch file mns trn thnh file file mnc my c th ti v s l
nhanh hn.
*.mnr File nh phn cha cc nh bitmap c s dng cho menu nh.
*.mnl File acci cha cc chng trnh Autolisp i km vi menu. N s
t ng c ti ln nu c cng tn vi file *.mnc
Cc file trn to thnh h cc file menu (family menu files).
Khi mt file menu c ti, n s c ng k ln registry v ln sau khi khi ng
AutoCAD n s ti li file menu ny.
Quy trnh ti mt menu nh sau :
8 6
B%tu Q uy 0- c
1.3. T i, g b m t menu
Lnh Menuload dng ti mt menu vo AutoCAD. Ta cng c th iu chnh s
hin th ca cc menu trn hp thoi Customization Menu.
Lnh Menu cho php ta ti mt menu vo AutoCAD, khc vi mnh Menuload trc
kh trc khi ti menu th n g b tt c cc menu hin hnh trong AutoCAD.
Ch khi ti file *.mnu, cc thay i ca toolbar s bin mt. V CAD s dch file
*.mnu thnh file *.mns v khi file *.mns ca bn s bin mt, ng ngha vi iu l
cc thay i trong toolbar .shortcut key ca bn cng bin mt theo.
v rc menu th ta phn bit hai loi menu l menu chnh v menu tng phn.
Menu chnh l cc menu c ti u tin bng lnh menuload. Hay cc menu c
ti bng lnh menu trong dng lnh command ca CAD.
Menu chnh khc menu tng phn ch : Menu chnh c ti ton b vo CAD.
Cn cc menu tng phn cc phn v AUX menu v Buttom menu s khng c ti.
2. Ty bi n m t menu
2.1. C u trc m t file menu
Thng thng mt file menu gm 9 phn.
- Mi file menu s m t mt nhm menu v dng u tin s quy inh tn ca nhm
. C php m t nh sau :
***Menugroup=namegroup.
87
- Ph n 2 : ch a cc button menu v cc auxiliary menu. Cc menu ny dng
i u khi n cc thit b chu t v cc thit b h th ng khc nu c.
- Ph n 3 : cc menu pop, l cc menu
- Ph n 4 : cc menu toolbar, l cc dng m t cc thanh cng c
- Ph n 5 : ch a cc dng m t menu Image
- Phn 6 : m t cc menu mn hnh (screen menu)
- Phn 7 : m t cc b ng s ha (tablet)
- Ph n 8 : cc dng m t cc shortcut key
- Ph n 9 : cc dng quy nh cc dng gip (tatus string).
Cc ghi ch c bt u bng du //
Mi phn gm mt hoc nhiu section (hoc cng c th khng c). Mi section l mt
nhm cc menu c chc nng tng t nhau (thng thng l th). Mi section gm c 3
phn.
- Ph n 1 : tn c a section. Tn c a section c c b t u b ng ba d u sao.
Tn
ca
section
Thnh phn menu tng ng
***But Menu ca cc thit bi tr khc.
onsn
***AU Menu thit bi chut
Xn
^^Pqp
Cc popup menu hoc cc menu ng cnh
n (shortcut menu)
Cc iliauli cng c
olbars
***Ima Cc menu hnh nh
se
-t- -- '4' ^ 1*
Menu mn Kinh
een
***Tab Cc bng s ha
letn
Cc chui trgip trn thanh trng thi
pString
s
Cc phim nng
celerat
ors
- Ph n 2 : Tn c a menu, Tn c a menu b t u b ng 2 du sao v yu c u ph i
duy nht. Tn ny dng lin k t cc m c c a cc menu khc, cc thanh cng
c , cc dng gip v cc menu hnh nh. Tn c a menu khng c c nhi u
h n 12 k t v khng c ch a kho ng tr ng. N u khng chng s bi b qua.
- Ph n 3 : nhn v tn c a nhm menu. C php m t n nh sou :
ID_NameLabe [dong mo ta se hien len tren man hnh]
- Ph n 3 : cc menu thnh ph n. C php m t m t menu item nh sau :
D_NameLabe [name]menu_macro
8 8
Trong : name l tn s xut hi n n mn hnh c a menu item.
Menujnacro l nh ng macro c thi hnh khi menu ny c ch n.
Quan st mt v d trong file acad.mnu nh sau
***PQP J
Section name
**FILE Nenu name
ID_MnFile r&File] Menu ID v dng m t ca
menu s xut hin trn mn
hnh (nh file,edit,draw,...)
ID_New [&New...\tCtrl+N]ACAC_new
ID_NewSheet [Ne&w Sheet Set...]AcAc_newsheetset
ID_Open r&0pen...\tCtrl+0]ACAC_0pen
ID_OpenSheet [Op&en Sheet Set...]AcAc_opensheetset
lD_DWG_CLOSE [&Close]ACAC_close
Cc dng tip theo m t
cc mc chn (hay cn gi l
cc menu thnh phn - menu
item)
2.2. Menu Macro
y l phn quan trong nht trong menu v tt c loi menu u c cha n.
Menu macro l mt chui cc k t cha tn lnh s c gi khi Menultem c
chn. Th t ca cc tham s trong menu macro ging nh th t xut hin cc tham s
ny ti dng nhc lnh command ca AutoCAD.
Cc quy c dng trong menu macro.
K t M t
Space bar, du ; Du enter trong AutoCAD
Space bar L khong trng khi ang nhp text
du \ Tm dng user nhp s liu, c th l nhp mt im bng
kich chut hoc nhp mt gi tr
Du + Dng khi dng m t qu di, Mun m t tip dng k tip
ta t du + cui dng
Du * t u macro, sau ACAC, s lp i lp li lnh n khi ta n
ESC hoc chon Menu Item khc
AC Hy tt c cc lnh ang hot ng (Escapse)
AP
Tt tt c cc hin th ca macro trn mn hnh. (Bin h thng
MenuEcho thnh on,off).
AM K t ENTER (Ctrl+M)
AB Chuyn i (tt/m) cc ch hin th ta con tr
(Ctrl+B)
AE Chuyn v tr si tc con tr trn mn hnh v mt trong 3 v tr
trong mt phng trc o (Ctrl+E)
AG Chuyn i ch hin th li (Ctrl+G)
AH Tng t nh phm Backspace., dng xa k t trc noa
ca dng lnh command.
AO Chuyn i ch v vung gc (Ortho).
AT
Chuyn i chc nng nhp t bng nhp tablet (Ctrl+T)
AZ K t rng, t ng thm khong trng vo cui Menu Item.
// Quy c bt u ca chui ch thch.
V d 1 :
ID_ArcStCeAn [S&tart, Center, Angle]ACAC_arc \_c \_a
Phn tch v d:
89
s&tart, Center, Angle : Hin th trn menu : Start, Center, Angle
ACAC : Hy tt c cc lnh trc n.
_arc : Bt u v mt cung trn, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn
ng klic nhau.
khong trng tng ng vi phm enter.
\ : tm dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh.
_c : Chn option center, cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc
nhau.
\ : tm dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh.
_a : Chn mt option angle, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng
khc nhau.
V d 2
ID_MoveRight [Move .1 Right]ACACselect \move previous ;.1,0 ;
Phn tch v d:
ACAC : Thot mi lnh ang s dng.
Select : Bt u select command.
Du cch th hin enter, kt thc lnh select.
Sau s dch chuyn cc object chn sang Phi 0.1 n v bn v
V d 3
on macro sau y s chuyn ng polyline c chn thnh ng polyline c
b rng 0.1 n v.
ACACpedit \w .1 ;
V d 4
Bn c th s dng macro sau t ng v 4 ng trn vi bn knh v tmc
nh sn, v dng qu di ta phi vit lm 2 dng nn ta thm du cng cui.
ACACcircle 2,2 1.5 circle 6,2 1.5 circle 10,2 1.5 circle +
14,2 1.5
2.3. Pull-down Menu
2.3.1. Section c a Pull-down menu
Puldown menu c khai bo t section Popl n pop499. mi section c th c mt
hoc nhiu menu (thng thng l cha 1). Trong mi menu c th c ti a 999
mc menu item. AutoCAD s b qua nhng menu item vt qu gii hn trn. Nu mn
hnh khng ch cha ht cc menu item th AutoCAD s t ng ct bc i va vi
kch thc mn linh v hai Hnh mi tn ln xung s c xut hin.
Pulldown chia lm hai loi.
- Lo i th nh t c section t popl n pop 16. Cc menu ny s c t ng ti
vo vi tr c a n trn mn hnh. Nu section ny m c nhi u h n m t menu th
ch menu u tin m i c t i vo mn hnh.
- Lo i th hai c section t Popl 7 n pop 499. Cc menu ny s khng t ng
c t i vo mn hnh. Tuy nhin ta vn c th ti n vo mn hnh b ng l nh
menuload ho c bng ch c nng menu swapping.
2.3.2.Tiu c a pull-down menu
i vi cc pull-down menu, tiu ca mc chn u tin s c s dng lm
tiu xut hin trn thanh menu. Cn cc cng m t tip theo s l nhn, tiu v
macro ca cc menu thnh phn.
Cch to tiu cho cc menu v menu thnh phn l nh nhau; cc tiu phi
c t trong du ngoc vung.
90
Cc quy c tao tiu ca menu.
K t Y nqha
Dng phn cch trn thanh menu
->
Bt u mt menu cha (submenu)
<-
Kt thc menu cha (kt thc submenu)
<-<-
Khai bo cui cng ca submenu v menu
S( ) Cho php s dng chui DIESEL trong tiu mc menultem.
Lm m mc chn v khng cho php chn mc ny
I
Lm xut hin du chn (V) trc menu.
& Lm xut hin du gch chn cho k t ng sau n (khai bo phm tt)
\t Canh l phi cho k t trong tiu ca mc chn.
\c Khai bo phm nng.
Phn tch v d sau :
**FILE
ID_MnFile [&File
ID_New [&New...\tCtrl+N]ACAC_new
ID_Open [&Open...\tCtrl+O]ACAC_0 pen
ID_DWG_CLOSE [&Close]ACAC_close
[-]
[&Save\tCtrl+S]ACAC_qsave
[Save &As...\tCtrl+Shift+S]ACAC_saveas
[&Export...]ACAC_export
ID_Save
ID_Saveas
ID_Export
[-]
ID_Inan
ID_Preview
ID_PlotSetup
ID_PlotMgr
ID_Print
[-]
ID_MRU
[--]
ID_APP_EXIT
Phn tch v d sau :
[Pop&3
ID_ortho
ID_Snap
ID_grid
ID cmdactive
[->Print]
[/vPlot Preview]ACAC_preview
[Pa&ge Setup Manager..,]ACAC_pagesetup
[Plotter &Manager...]ACAC_plottermanager
[ <-&Plot.. AtCtrl+P1 ACAC_plot
[Drawing History]
[E&xit\tCtrl+Q]ACAC_quit
[S(i f,$(getvar,orthomode),!.)Ortho]A0
[S(if,$(getvar,snapinode),!.)Snap]AB
[S(if,$(getvar,gridmode),!.)Gride]AG
[$(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~')ine]L ine
2.3.3. Tham chi u n pulldown menu
Ta c th lm m hay nh du chn cho cc menu Item, hoc ta cng c th ly cc
thng s trng thi ca tng menu Item bng cch s dng tham chiu thng qua cc hm
AutoLisp.
C hai loi tham chiu :
- Tham chiu tng i
- Tham chiu tuyt i.
Tham chi u t ng i.
Tham chiu tng i l tham chiu s dng tn nhn ca menu item.
91
Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc mc ca pulldown
menu.
C php :
- gn trng thi cho menu
(memicmd Gyyy.zzz=xxx)
- ly thng s trng thi ca menu
(menucmd G yy.zzz=?) hm tr v gi tr XXX
Trong
yyy - tn ca nhm menu
ZZZ- nhn mc chn
XXX - trng thi ca menu : (lm m ), (c nh u chn) (trng
thi bnh thng.
Tham chi u tuy t i
Tham chiu tuyt i l tham chiu d trn vic m s lng cc menu trn mn
hnh.
Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc mc ca pulldown
menu.
C php :
- gn trng thi cho menu
(menucmd Pn.i=xxx)
- ly thng s trang thi ca menu
(menucmd Pn.i=#?) hm tr v gi tr XXX
Trong
n - s th t ca menu tnh t tri sang phi trn mn hnh,
i - s th t ca menu item cn tham chiu n (tnh c submenu v du ngn
cch gia cc phn trong menu )
XXX - Gi trih ca XXX bng Pn.i=&trng thi ca menu : (lm m),
(c nh u chn) (trng thi bnh thng.
V d :
ID_Swapl [Swapingl]ACACAP(if (=(menucmd "Pl.l=#?") "Pl.l=~") (menucmd
"P 1.1=") (menucmd "p 1.1 =~"))
ID_Swap2 [Swaping2]ACACAP(if (=(menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=?")
(menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=") (menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=~"))
2.3.4. Chn v lo i b Pull-down menu trn menubar
Ngoi lnh MenuLoad, cc pull-down menu ca nhm ny c th c a vo thanh
menubng c php sau y :
(Menucmd Gyyy.zzz=+uuu.vvv)
Trong :
Gyyyzzz - s xc nh v tr ca pull-down menu uuu.vvv s chn vo.
yyy - Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu xc nh v tr.
ZZZ- B danh (hay tn mc chn) ca pull-down menu xc nh v tr cho
UUU.VW chn vo.
uuu - Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu mun chn,
uvv - Tn b danh ca pull-down menu cn chn
Ta cng c th loi b mt Pull-down menu khi thanh menu bng lnh sau :
(Menucmd Gyyy.zzz=~)
Trong :
yyy - Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu mun xa.
ZZZ - B danh ca pull-down menu mun xa.
92
V d
***pop3
**Test3
[Pop&3]
ID_ortho
ID_Snap
ID_grid
TD_cmdactive
ID_huybo
ID_chenpop4
[S(if,$(getvar,orthomode), !.)Ortho]A0
[S(if,$(getvar,snapmode), !.)Snap] AB
fS(if,$(getvar,gridmode), !,)GridelAG
[S(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~)l ine]Li ne
[Xoa menu]AcAC(menuand "Gcustom.pop3=-")
[Chen pop4]ACAC(menucmd "Gcustom.pop3=+Custom.Pop4")
***pop4
**Test4
[Pop&4]
ID_monewl [mo new]ACACAP(menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=~");AP
[hien new]ACACAP(menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=");AP
fben menucmdlACACAP(alert (menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=?"));AP
ID_hiennewl
ID_TTnewl
[-]
ID_monew2
ID_hiennew2
ID_TTnew2
[mo new]ACACAP(menucmd "P5.1=~");AP
[hien new]ACACAP(menucincl "P5.1=");AP
[ben menucmd]ACACAP(alert "Cmdmenu"&(menucmd "P5.1=#?"));AP
2.4. Shortcut menu.
Shortcut menu v c bn ging Pull-down menu. Ch khc nhau khai bo section
Shortcut menu c khai bo t section Pop500 n pop999 v PopO. Trong mi
menu c th c ti a 499 mc menu item. AutoCAD s b qua nhng menu item vt
qu gii hn trn. Nu mn tinh khng ch cha ht cc menu item th AutoCAD s t
ng ct bt i va vi kch thc mn hnh v hai Knh mi tn ln xung s c xut
hin.
Menu PopO ca AutoCAD l menu Snap, hin cc phng thc truy bt im.
Cc menu Pop500 n Pop999 l cc menu ng cnh (context menu)
2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.
2.5.1. Section c a Buttons menu v auxiliary menu
Cc nt ca thit b con chut c khi bo bi cc auxiliary menu v c m t
trong file menu t section ***AUXn (t ***AUX1 n ***AUX4)
Cc thit b tr khc nh bt in t c khi bo bi cc Buttons menu v c m
t trong file menu t section ***Buttonsn.
LU l cc buttons menu v cc auxiliary menu ch c hiu lc trong file menu base
(menu chnh) ch khng c tc dng nu ta khai bo trong cc partial menu (menu thnh
phn).
V m t ca buttons menu v auxiliary ging nhau nn y ta ch xt cc AUX
menu, cn cc buttons menu tng t.
Section T h p phm v chu t
AUXl Nhn mt trong cc nt chut
AUX2 Phm Shift +mt nt chut
AUX3 Phm Ctrl +mt nt chut
AUX4 Phm Ctrl+Shift+mt nt chut
2.5.2. T o cc AUX menu.
93
Mi dng trong section ny l mt mc chn, cu trc ca section cng tng t nh
cc section khc. Tuy nhin phn tn v tiu l khng bt buc, ta c th b qua chng
hoc ta s dng chng lm ch thch.
Xem xt VI d sau :
***AUX1
// Simple button
// if a grip is hot bring up the Grips Cursor Menu (POP 500), else send a carriage return
// If the SHORTCUTMENU sysvar is not 0 the first item (for button 1, the "right
button")
// is NOT USED.
$M=$(if,$(eq,$(substr,$(getvar,cmdnames),l,5),GRIP_),$P0=ACAD.GRIPS $P0=*);
SP0=SNAP $p0=*
ACAC
AB
A0
AG
AD
AE
AT
Mc th nht tng ng vi nt chut th 2 nu bin h thng shortcutmenu=0.
Cn nu bin ny khc khng th nt ny s c lin kt vi cc shortcut menu mc inh
ca h thng AutoCAD.
Mc th 2 tng ng vi nt s 3 ca h thng chut nu bin h thng
Mbuttonpan=0. cn bin ny khc khng th nt ny s c lin kt vi nt pan mc inh
ca AutoCAD (mc .inh ca bin ny l 1).
Mc chn th 3 tng ng vi nt lnh th 4 ca chut.
Ni chung chut c bao nhiu nt th ta c by nhiu dng lnh.
Ta 1u l ch c PopO th mi c kh nng hin ti vi tr con chut trn mn hnh.
v! d sau s d ng tiu lm ch thich :
***AUXl
[nut so 2]; nt th hai l lnh enter.
[nut so 3](alert "nut thu 2 duoc an") nt th ba a ra thng bo.
[nut thu 4]ACAC nt th 4 nt escape.
Tng t nh th bn c th hiu chinh cc menu AUX2, AUX3, AUX4 ca mnh sao
cho hp vi cc
2.5.3. Menu swaping.
Menu swaping dng trao i ni dung gia cc menu, vi d khi ta ang thc hin
lnh zoo, bn phi chut chuyn sang shortcut menu khc. Hay khi vo Draw->
Surfaces->3D surface... AutoCAD chuyn sang menu image bn chn cc hnh cn v vi
slide i km.
C php tro i nh sau :
$Section=MenuGroup.MenuName SSection - MenuGroup. *
Nu 2 menu ta mun trao i nm cng trong mt group ta c th b qua MenuGroup.
Ngla l c php ca ta s nh sau ;
$Section=MenuName $Section=*
V d sau c trch trong file Acad.mnu :
ID_3dsurface [&3D Surfaces...]$I=ACAD.image_3dobjects $I=ACAD. *
94
y menu item 3d surfaces trong menu draw ca AutoCAD. Khi ta chn mc ny th
AutoCAD s chuyn sang menu image c tn l image_3dobjects
V d sau d c trch trong file Acad.mnu :
***AUX2
//Shi ft + button
SPO-SNAP $p0 =*
Khi ta bn shift +chut phi s chuyn sang section PopO, menu Snap nam trong
Section PopO.
2.6. Image Tile menus
Menu h'inh nh l loi menu c bit trong AutoCAD, cha danh sch cc mc chn v
cc hnh slide tng ng vi cc mc chn . Khi chn vo cc mc chn
2.6.1. Section c a Image menu
cc menu hnh nh nm trong section Image, v c khai bo l ***Image. Section
VI d mt section menu hnh nh nh sau :
***image Khai bo tn section
**image_poly Tn ca menu (menu name)
[Set Spline Fit Variables! Tiu ca menu hnh nh.
[acad(pm-quad,Quadric Fit Mesh)]_surftype 5 cc dng m t cc mc chn
[acad(pm-cubic,Cubic Fit Mesh)]_surftype 6 ca menu hnh nh
[acad(pm-bezr,Bezier Fit Mesh)]_surftype 8
[acad(pl-quad,Quadric Fit Pline)]'_splinetype 5
[acad(p]-cubic,Cubic Fit Pline)T_splinetype 6
2.6.2. M t m c ch n c a nienu hnh nh
Mi mc chn ca menu Hnh nh c m t gm 2 phn : tiu v menu macro
(khng c phn nhn ID nh cc pull down menu).
Phn tiu c cc cch m t sau :
[sldname]
nh ca slide sldname s c hin ln khung bn phi ca hp menu, tiu l
sldname s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu.
[sldname,labeltext]
Tiu l LabelText s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. nh ca
slide sldname s c hin ln khung bn phi ca hp menu.
sldlb(sldname)]
Tiu l sldname s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. nh ca slide
sldname nm trong th vin slide c tn l sldlib s c hin ln khung bn phi
ca hp menu.
[sldlib(sldname,labeltext)]
Tiu l labeltext s c hin ln danh sch bn tri ca hp menu. nh ca slide
sldname nm trong th vin slide c tn l sldlib s c hin ln khung bn phi
ca hp menu.
[blank]
Khi bn mun chn mt Icon trng trn danh sch cc slide bn phi hp menu. Mt
dng phn cch s c hin ln trn danh sch phla bn tri hp menu.
[ labeltext]
Khi k t u tin ca mc m t l khong trng, mc mo t s c hin ln trong
danh sch nhng khng c mt Icon no c hin ln bn phi hp menu c. Bn
95
thng dng n trong trng hp bn mun to mt nt exit thot ra khi menu
hnh nh, th mc chn ny thng khng c Icon i km.
2.6.3. G i hi n thi cc menu tnh nh
Ngoi vic gi hin thi cc menu lnh nh bng chc nng swap menu (nh trnh
by mc 2.5.3), ta cn c th s dng cc dng lnh AutoLisp gi chng, c php nh
sau :
(MenuCmd I=yyy.xxx)(menu cmd i=*)
Trong
yyy - Tn nhm menu. Nu cng chung mt group th ta c th b qua yyy.
XXX - Tn menu hnh nh.
Vi d nh sau :
(menucmd "I=acad.image_vporti")(memucmd "/ =*")
(menucmd "I=image_vporti")(memucmd "i=*")
2.6.4. Slide v th vi n slide.
To cc slide.
LU :
- To slide phi tht d nhn bit.
- Hnh nh phi va khung. l nh nh c to vi t l (1 X 1.5)
- Cc i tng t m nh Pline, trace, 2d solid chi hin ln cc ng vin. c
cc hnh t bng ta s dng lnh t bng Shade trc khi to hnh slide.
Trnh t to :
- Chuyn qua khng gian giv v
- To Viewport c kch thc 1,5:1
T o th vi n slide.
2.7. Menu mn hnh.
2.7.1. Section c a menu hnh nh.
2.8. Chu i ch thch thanh tr ng thi.
2.8.1.Section c a o n m t chu i ch thch.
Cc dng ch thch ny c m t trong section ***HELPSTR1NGS
2.8.2. M t chu i ch thch.
Dng m t nh sau : ID_menu [status tring]
V d :
2.9. T o cc phm t t.
2.9.1. Section c a o n m t cc phm t t
on m t cc phn tt nm trong section : ***ACCELERATORS.
2.9.2.T o phm tt
96
Tn m c ch n + t h p phm nng
V d :
ID_Open control+0]
T h p phm nng+chu i l nh c n th c hi n.
V d
rcontro +0lACAC_Open
Cc t hp thng dng :
Control, shift, Alt, A,...Z,"numpadO",..."numpad9"
VII. Toolbar
1. cch t o toolbars b ng cch dng l nh Toolbar
1.1. T o Toolbar
1.2. T o nt l nh mi
1.3. sa nt l nh
1.4. T o m t Flyout
!Commands T oolbars Properties: Keyboard T ool PalettesJ ______________________________
Toolbars Menu Group
g) Customize [? ]
OEM
CAD Standards
|~1 Dimension
flDfaw
Draw Order
I 1Inquiry
I I Insert
0 Layers
I "! Layouts
Modify
|~~1Modify II
Object Snap
0 Properties
f~1Ref edit
Reference
Render
ACROBAT COMMENT
ADOBE PDF
CUSTOM
EXPRESS
New...
I Rename..
Delete
.arge buttons
0 SKow T oolTips on toolbars
Show shortcut keys inToolTips
Close I I Help
Trnh din mt ln to toolbars.
Ch to flyout Toolbar
97
ffal Customize
Commands T oolbars Properties Keyboard T ool Palettes
Categories Commands
File A
User Defined Button
Edit
View
User Defined Flyout .
* Insert
Format
Tools
Draw
Dimension
Modify
Window
Help
V
Description:
User Defined Button
0 Show image and name
I Drag command to drawing area to
create new toolbar. Draq command to
toolbar to add button or to tool palette
to add tool.
Tip
Close Help
Khi mun to mt nt lnh trong toolbar, bn chuyn n commandsUser Defined
button, User Defined Flyout. Ko r uer difined vo toolbar m bn cn thm mi nt lnh.
Sau bm vo nt Properties, hp thoi s hin ra nh sau :
fial Customize
Commands Toolbars IfHSlnilPipfii! Keyboard T ool Palettes
Name:
Description:
Zoom Reallime
7nnms fn increase nr rienrfiasfi thft apparmt
size of objects in the current viewport: ZOOM
Button Image
Macro associated with this button:
Edil..
.zoom ;
pply Reset
Close I I Help
To Toolbars bng ccli dng lnh customise l n gin v thun tin nht. Tuy
nhin bn cn c th to ra bng cch son tho trc tip trong file acad.mnu.
2. Cch t o toolbars b ng cch so n th o trong file *.mnu
Cc base menu v partial menu u c th khai bo cc thanh cng c trong section
***TOOLBARS ca mnh. Section ny chia lm nhiu on **xxxx tng ng vi tn
thanh cng c
Mi on m t thanh cng c bt u bng tn thanh cng c ***xxxx. Sau l
cc dng nh sau :
Dng u tin m t tng qut v thanh cng c.
98
Cc dng tip theo m t cc nt lnh trn thanh cng c . C 3 loi nt lnh :
Button, Flyout v Control.
2.1. Dng m t t ng qut thanh cng c
C php :
TAG[Toolbar (tbarname,orient, visible, X, y, rows)]
TAG : tn mc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c
Tbarname : tiu thanh cng c. t trong du nhy chui
Orient : v tr mc nh ca thanh cng cuk. Cc gi tr c th gn cho mc ny l :
Floating, _Top, _Bttm, _Left v _Right. (khng phn bit chlioa, ch thng).
Visible : mc nh xut hin trn mn hnh hay khng. Cc gi tr c th gn cho
mc ny l _show v _hide.(khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng)
x,y : v tr xut hin mc nh trn mn hnh, tnh t mp trn tri khng gian v.
Rows : s dng mc nh chua cc nt lnh
Ch : Cc c im ca thanh cng c nh Orient, visible, X, y, rows s c lu
li trong registry ca Window mi khi autocad ng li. Ch khi no khng tm thy cc gi
tr trn registry, autocad mi s dng cc gi tr mc nh trong file menu.
V d :
**TB_Draw
ID TbDraw [toolbar (Draw),_left, Show,0,0,1]
2.2. Dng m t lo i nt l nh Button
C php :
TAG [button (btnname, ID_Small, IDJLarge)] macro
TAG : tn mc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c
Btnname : tiu nt lnh. t trong du nhy chui. Chui ny s c dng
lm ToolTip (dng ch ch thch xut hin trn nn vng, khi con tr c a
n nm ti v tr biu tng nt lnh trn thanh cng c)
ID_Small : xc nh hnh nh n lnh hin trn thanh cng c. y l tn ca mt
trong cc biu tng nh (kch thc 16 X 15) to sn ca AutoCAD (v d :
ICON_16_Line). Hoc l tn mt file bitmap t to (kch thc 15x16) t trong
cc th mc mc nh ca AutoCAD.
ID_Large : xc nh hnh nh n lnh hin trn thanh cng c khi chn mc Large
buttons trn hp thoi Toolbats. y l tn ca mt trong cc biu tng ln (kch
thc 24 X 22) to sn ca AutoCAD. Hoc l tn mt file bitmap t to (kch
thc 24 X 26) t trong cc th mc mc nh ca AutoCAD. Nu kch thc
khng phi l 24 X 22, AutoCAD s t iu chnh t l cho bng kch thc ny.
Macro : menu macro, c c php tng t c php ca cc menu khc trong phn
ny.
V d :
**TB_DRAW
D_TbDraw LToolbai'C'Draw", _Left, _Show, 0, 0, 1)]
IDJ Line LJ ButtonfLine", RCDATAJ 6_LTNE, RCDATAJ 6_LNE)]ACAC_line
ID_Xline [_Button("Construction Line1', RCDATA_16_XLINE, RCDATA_16_XLINE)]ACAC_xline
IDJPline LButton( Polyline", RCDATA_16_PLINE, RCDATA_16_PLINE)]ACAC_pline
ID_Polygon [_Button("Polygon", RCDATA_16_POLYGO, RCDATA_16_POLYGO)]ACAC_polygon
ID_Rectang LButton("Rectangle", RCDATA_16_RECTAN, RCDATA_16_RECTAN)]ACAC_rectang
ID_Arc [_Button( Arc , RCDATA_16_ARC3PT, RCDATA_16_A RC3PT)]ACAC_arc
2.3. Dng m t lo i nt l nh Flyout.
Flyout l mt loi nt lnh trn thanh cng c, khi chn s xut hin mt thanh cng
c khc (c chc nng tng t nh SubMenu). V d, trn thanh cng c Standard c nt
lnh Flyout zoom, khi ta chn s xut hin thanh cng c Zoom.
99
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ID_TbObjectP [_Toolbar("Properties", _Top, _Show, 2,1,1)]
[_Control(_Color)]
[-]
LControl(_Linetype)]
[--]
L Control(_L ineweight)]
[-]
LControl(_PlotStyle)]
101