Reproduction is the process wherein there is fusion of the male and female gametes resulting

in the exchange of genetic material, thus forming a new individual with an entirely different
genotype.

Mammals reproduce through sexual reproduction but technology now allows mammals to
reproduce asexually through the process of in vitro fertilization. In this technique, the
entire process of fertilization takes place outside a womans body. This involves extracting a
womans eggs, fertilizing the eggs in the laboratory with sperm, and then transferring the
resulting embryo(s) into the womans uterus through the cervix (embryo transfer) where it can
develop. Most couples transfer two embryos; however, more may be transferred in certain
cases. IVF is the most common form of ART and it is often the treatment of choice for a
woman with blocked, severely damaged, or absent fallopian tubes.
Tubal Disease
Male Factor
Endometriosis
Ovulatory Dysfunction
Duration of infertility greater than 3 or 4 years
Multiple IUI failures
Severe multiple factor infertility
Immunological infertility
Unexplained infertility
Indications For IVF
Evaluation & Preparation of a Couple
Proper evaluation of infertile couple before IVF is very important for success of IVF
and prevention of complications. Any ART procedure should be preceded by
traditional fertility workup & at this stage it should be decided whether ART should
be instituted, postponed for other treatment modalities or refused to the couple. Once
the patient has been selected to undergo ART treatment, thorough testing of patient
should be undertaken to correct any problems which may lead to IVF failure. At this
stage, it should also be decided whether specific procedure such as egg, sperm or
embryo donation is required.
Routine Tests Before Proceeding For IVF
Baseline Hormones To Test For Ovarian Reserve
Semen Analysis
Semen Culture And Sensitivity
Strict Sperm Morphology