The Project Gutenberg EBook of De Pronunciatione Graecae & Latinae Linguae, by

John Caius
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net
Title: De Pronunciatione Graecae & Latinae Linguae
De Pronuntiatione Graecae et Latinae Linguae
Author: John Caius
Editor: E. S. Roberts
Release Date: September 11, 2008 [EBook #26570]
Language: Latin
Character set encoding: UTF-8
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DE PRONUNCIATIONE GRAECAE ***

Produced by Louise Hope

[Transcribers Note:
This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding, including a few words of
accented Greek:
,
If any f these characters d n t d
spay pr pery, r
f the
ap str phes and qu tat
n marks
n th
s paragraph appear as garbage,
make sure y ur text readers character set r f
e enc d
ng
s set
t Un
c de (UTF-8). Y u may as need t change the defaut f nt. As a
ast res rt, use the Lat
n-1 vers
n f the f
e
nstead.
The text
s taken fr m the 1912 Cambr
dge ed
t
n f Ca
uss _C mpete
W rks_. The ed
t rs genera
ntr duct
n says:
In th
s v ume n attempt has been made t pr duce a facs
m
e
repr
nt. Even
f such a des
gn had been enterta
ned, the great
var
ety f f rm
n wh
ch the r
g
na ed
t
ns were
ssued w ud
have made
t
mp ss
be t carry ut the re-
ssue w
th any
un
f rm
ty. Obv
us m
spr
nts have been c rrected, but where a
d
fference
n spe
ng
n the same w rk r n the same page--_e.g._
_baccaar
us_, _baccaaureus_--
s ceary due t the vary
ng
pract
ce f the wr
ter and n t t the pr
nter, the w rds have been
eft as they st d
n the r
g
na. On the ther hand the accents

n the very numer us Greek qu tat
ns have been c rrected.
Numbers
n parentheses were pr
nted
n the gutter; they pr baby

represent pages r eaves f the 1574

n brackets.]
*

*
*

*
*

*
*

r
g
na. S
den tes are sh wn

*
*

IOANNIS CAII
ANGLI,
De
Pr nunc
at
ne Grc & Lat
n

ngu cum scr
pt
ne n va

beus.
[Lege ect r &
ud
ca.] Scr
pturus de n ua Grc & Lat
n

ngu pr nunc
at
ne (3) & scr
pt
ne n ua, sper me s
ne
ffens
ne cu
usquam
d facturum. L
bera en
m reg
hc
semper fu
t, & 
ber s
n ea p rtet esse h m
nes. Nequ
en
m qu s ut an
m fam

ar
ter scr
b
c nsuerunt,
temp r
bus
st
s excuduntur: ets
pena grau
tat
s mn
a
sunt. N n en
m ad graues aut exerc
tat s, sed eues &

nexerc
tat s scr
b : & e s rat
ne & usu d ce , qu s nec
usus nec  nga v
ta
nst
tu
t. Cum essem
n Ita
a graues
v
r s grau
ter & cum dec r pr nunc
antes aud
ebam. Cum
n
Br
tann
am veneram, n u s v
r s, n u qu dam pr nunc
at
n
s
genere mn
a pers nare ffendebam. Hc
taqu s
c c g
tabam
apud me. Cum nec R m, nec
n un
uersa Ita
a,
m ver cum
nequ
n German
a, Ga
a, neque Beg
a, nec a
b
gent
um,
qum
n n stra Br
tann
a uum unquam verbum de
pr nunc
at
ne
a n ua, uau ment
aut s
gn
f
cat
tum
fu
t, n uam pr nunc
at
nem a
b

n usu n n fu
sse qum
n
Br
tann
a cert sc
re 
cet. Nequ ea tamen un
uersa, sed
cert qu dam  c ,
n qu per ea temp ra rat res n u


mperabant. S
c tamen hc refer , ut e s pr pter 
teras
a
asque v
rtutes vehementer amem & susp
c
am: pr pter hc
ver audem m
n
m. Cu
us re
a
qu
cert me cep
sset
adm
rat
, cum & Pautus scr
bat
n Cas
na, vetera n u
s
esse me
ra,
de que sap
ent
res esse qu
utuntur v
n
veter
, qum qu
n u : qu
veteres spectent fabuas, qum
qu
n uas: qu
vetera pera atqu verba, qum qu
n ua: qu

us
tata, quam qu

nsueta: (4) qu
veteres c md
as, qum
qu
n uas: qu
veter
den
que numm , qum nuper nat . Thus
qu que vetus n u d rat
us esse, pr uerb
ceebratur,
usque ade ut
dem, rem maam, sed n tam & us
tatam, pt
mam
esse d
cat
n Tr
numm . Nam qu n ua sunt, ets
pt
ma,
tamen pr pter
ns ent
am v
dentur pess
ma, & f
er
p test
ut usu exper
ar
s ta
a cum per
cu , cum dec
nare n n s
t
futurum
ntegrum. Eten
m sp v
at rem n ua n n vetus rb
ta
fa
t. Quare vetustatem su  c c nseruandam, n u
tates,
ets
spem me
rum afferant, repud
andas esse Pautus
c nsu
t: nec n u
tates n s mag
s ad
nqu
rendas causas
exc
tare, qum magn
tud
nes rerum debere: e sque err res
qu s rerum n u
tates attuerunt, natur rat
ne depeere
p rtere M.Tu
us ex
st
mat. Sed n str rum h m
num est,
semper n uum cr
brum, n u pax
 pr
m s suspendere, et

n uas
nducere sectas n u
s parad x
s. Qu d tamen, ut n n

reprehender
m
ngen
j exercend
causa
n tenebr
s,
ta n n
audem cert usus causa
n uce: qud prter c nsuetud
nem
patr
, prsent
s temp r
s atque h m
num sunt. In rebus
c
u

bus d
c . Nam a
n n pert
neb
t rat
mea. Cur
en
m ut mea mn
a nuam habeant pub
cam ffens
nem, sed
c mmunem mn
bus ut

tatem. Qu d s
gaudeas exc g
tasse
qu d pr s
t, cert h
c n n est gaudendum t
b
, best en
m
mag
s qum pr dest, ut m x stendam. Sed mnes bstrepunt.
Qu
d s us erg c ntend
s? S

rr
dent qu
d perg
s de
rare?
Qu
d s us sap
s? Sed auth r es e
us re
. Og r
sam rem,

nuent rem esse
nan
um rerum? tranqu

tat
s 
terar

perturbat rem esse? quem nec Ga
, nec Ita
, nec
ps

Grc
c mmendant: nec a
us qu
squam prter
mper
tum rerum

uuenem aut temerar
um ad escentem, cu

stam persuas
nem

n pr
nc
p
per fraudem
nst
auer
s a
qu
n n
pr batur ,
mp nens
mper
t turb(5) ad escentum, cu
v
x

ter sunt, & mut m
nus
ud
c
um. De qua re tamen mutum
f rsan g r
aber
s tanquam
n re prudenter gesta. Iam ver
s
magna res n n s
t utr m d pr nunc
es, cur
nterturbas
mn
a? cur n n
nterm
tt
s qu d eue est, p t
us qum
cast
gar
grau
ter? S
s nus (res
nan
s) hu
us aut

us

ter muctam
nd
ctam habet grandem, cur n n
nan
tatem
p t
us c ntemn
s, qum
n muctam
nc
das? Leu
ss
m
s rebus
grau
ss
mas
nd
cere pnas quum est, n n pr pter
magn
tud
nem re
qu eu
s est, sed pr pter v
atum

n repub. rd
nem receptum
am & c nf
rmatum, pr pter
c ntemptum, pr pter n u
tat
s exempum, & pr pter temerar
um

n ea ausum. Nequ h
c tanta pret
a subesse cern
mus,
quam brem tantas d
ff
cutates ubenter sub
remus, ets

n
a
js d
ff
c

a qu puchra. L
ct en
m pt
ma quque &

nuentu & c nseruatu d
ff
c

a bseruentur, n n tamen qu
n n fac

nuen
untur & c nseruantur stat
m pt
ma
reputantur,
n qu genere
sta tua est (s
d
js pacet)
pr nunc
at
. Sed ant
qu
tatem b
jc
s. Ant
quata esse
fateb r cert, ant
qua v
der
n n fateb r. Nam Auus Ge
us
auth r grau
s, ant
quata & des
ta mn
a, mut
s scu
s
n
usum reu cata ets
vetusta sunt, v
der
tamen n ua sap
enter
censu
t. Ets
ant
qua v
deantur, per h m
num err rem
d
qu
dem c nt
g
t,
gn rant
um cu
usquam re
pr pr
etatem.
Saust
us prsent
um rerum ret
nent
ss
mus semper
c nsuetud
n
cess
t. 
us Gaus atque C
cer n ua perpetu
fug
ebant, ade ut n u
ss
mus & n u
ss
m haud 
benter us

sunt. Ge
us reprehend
t e s qu
bs eta
n usum reu cant.
Phau r
nus Ph
 s phus n u
tat
s h st
s, ad escentem

nus
tat rum stud
sum, acr
ter c rr
pu
t, d
cens: Cur
us
& Fabr
t
us (6) d
uc
d cum su
s fabuat
sunt, neque
Aurunc rum, S
can rum aut Peasg rum (qu
pr
m
Ita
am

nc u
sse eguntur) sed tat
s su verb
s  cut
sunt: tu
ver per
nd quas
cum matre Euandr
nunc  quar
s verb
s

am 
m des
t
s uter
s. Qu d s

nte
g
n n v
s qu
 quer
s, n n h c abund c nsequer
s tacens? quas
sat
us
esset n n  qu
qum n n
nte
g
. Dem nax qu que
ph
 s phus
dem fac
ebat. Quum en
m qu p
am qus
u
sset
a
qu
d, atque
e verb
s bs et
s atqu pr
sc
s
resp nderet. Eg (
nqu
t) am
ce te nunc perc nt r: at tu
per
nde resp ndes quas
regnaret Agamemn n. S rb na et
am
(quam R bertus S rb na, n n Car 

mperat r
s frater
The  g
s Lutet

nst
tuerat) a
qu t Ra
mund
Lu
j pera
re
ec
t, qud vetust
s v cabu
s
amd
u recept
s & us
tat
s

re
ect
s, n ua
nfuser
t. Crassus Sup
t
um arguebat, qud

t end .
. 
teram de d
phth ng e
, n n ant
ques
rat res, sed rust
c s mess res v
deretur
m
tar
, ut est
apud M.Tu
um 3. de rat re. Catuus Arc
j h
ns
d
as
atque ch mm da der
debat: qu
d facturus s
Qu
nct

an s
atqu Qu
nct
s, ut nunc  quuntur atque scr
bunt,
Ch
cher nes atque Qu
nct s, K
ker nes & K
cher nes, pecun
am
& pegun
am, c
um chum & cum, cern s & chern s,
d
sc
pu s & d
sch
pu s
am aud
ret: qu
bus mut
h d

utuntur  quend & scr
bend , serm n
s atque scr
pt
n
s
v
t
a
m
tat
, n n v
rtutes c nsecut
. Ad hc Lacedm n
j
qud s
mp
c
a atque c nsueta pacuerunt, Terpandrum
prstant
ss
mum C
thardum muctasse d
cuntur, qud unam
s am ch rdam prter necess
tatem
ntend
sset. Ad extremum
R man
, rhet res Lat
n s & ph
 s ph s ed
ct urbe R ma
pepuerunt, qud n uum genus d
sc
p
n
nst
tuerunt. N ua
en
m R man
s, v
r
s cert
n mn
re sap
ent
bus qu prter
c nsuetud
nem & m rem ma
rum (7) su rum
ata sunt, neque
pacuerunt, neque recta v
debantur. Eam b rem M.C
cer

n rat
ne c ntra Cate
nam refert, Seru

um Haam,
Sp.Me
um n u
s rebus studentem sua manu cc
d
sse. N
h

en
m per
cu s
us
n usu v
t esse rebantur, qum veter
bus
re
ct
s ad n ua deu are. Nam
nc nstant
a magnam
psa

n se eu
tatem habet, sub
taque c nsuetud
n
s, & usus
c mmutat
, pena max
marum rerum C
c. de ffens
ne est.
[C
c. de senect.] Quam brem sap
enter M.Cat , qu
App
um
senect. ccum audat, qud v
gebat
n e
us d m patr
us
m s & d
sc
p
na. Sap
enter veteres, qu
eg
bus ant
qu
s,
ps n
js ver recent
bus utendum censuerunt. Sap
enter &
Iur
sc nsut
, qu
n
h
 temer
nn uandum n
s
eu
dens
rat
p stuauer
t, prc
p
unt. H
nc factum ex
st
mem, ut
sch 
ur
s n str
pub
c
nu m d adduc
p ssunt, ut
re
nquant suum _ ctab
s_: nec sch  qudam Academ
c ut
def
c
ant su
s s tu
s, cum art
um mag
ster

n
t
and

sunt: aut cre
s, cum SS. The  g
D ct ratus gradu

ns
gn
end
sunt: aut u
s var
m d prparat
s cum
n
determ
nat
n
bus Bacchaaure
n u
t
j, sen
res su
gradus
c nu
u
js exc
p
ant: nec
n d
sputat
n
bus, sedent
bus
d
sputat r
bus, ut aud
t res hum
n n pr cumbant, fus
per
densum substratum
uncum: nec ut caput
um pat
ent
amque quam
v cant stam
neam (pecu
are gestamen c eg
s H
span rum
C eg
j apud B n n
enses) dep nant H
span
B n n
ens
s
Academ
. Qu s mnes aud equ
dem, qu d eu
bus m ment
s
n n
mpeantur huc atque
uc
nc nstanter, nec a veter

sua c nsuetud
ne aueantur desc
scantque fac
: ut
n nnu s ent Academ

n qu
bus eu
tas
uuen

s magna
paru
s, quadrata r tund
s, & f rmas f rm
s mutat
mprudenter
adm dum, nu seruat
rd
ne, nua (8) c nsuetud
ne aut
grau
tate. Cert m
h
v
dentur

pan cucu
atque ues,
qu
e s, qu
ut h m
nes pr nunc
are
amd
u us
sunt,
ab 
t
s cucu rum atque u
um v c
bus, e dem reu care
ve
nt, atque ex bscur
s n
gmat
bus & ant
qu
s cum
d
ff
cutate d
scere studeant, qu v
ua v x, certus
prsensque usus cum fac

tate car p ssunt d cere.
Synes
us Cyrenens
s
n audat
ne Cau
c
j, & Lacedm n
j
n
eg
bus, grau
ra suadent
n e s qu
prter c nsuetud
nem
patr
a
qu
d
ntuerunt: puta c
cutam, & suspend
um.
Eten
m Synes
us e s qu
prter c nsuetud
nem patr
a
qu
d

nn uarant c
cuta d
gn s ex
st
mat, qu d rudes &
nd ct

absurdarum p
n
num faut res esse c nsuerunt, ex
st
mans

cum pr uerb
: Super
rum temp rum mn
a me
ra, qud & usu
c nf
rmata sunt, & pace tranqu
a, cu
us & v x duc
s et
res
psa sautar
s est. Lacedm n
j ver usque ade
f rm
dabant rerum n u
tates, atque et
am ad earum
rec rdat
nem tant pere
nh rrescebant, ut ege ata
sanc
uer
nt, ne qu
s
nn uare qu
cquam auderet, qu
ch rda
c  suspensa pr
us n n pr d
ret, ut s
de n u
tate
c ns

um parum paceret, audac
su pnas daret. Eten
m
euentus var
s res n ua semper habet, ut C rne
us Gaus
scr
b
t, & magna ex parte per
cu s s: s
c ut s
ue v


mperare ve
s hanc pr nunc
at
nem n uam, s
ue stut
t

band
ment
s
uuentut

nst
are,
mp rtunum hac tate
fac
s, m uere qu stab

ta sunt, cum prsert
m mn
um rerum
mutat
nes cdem, fugam, a
aque h st

a (ut Saust
us
a
t) p rtendant. [In be Iugurth. f . 35.] Usque
n
c
u

bus c ns
st , mn
a en
m secundum mater
am sub
ectam

nte
g . Ex qu
bus sc
re 
cet nequ ant
quata
n usum
esse reu canda, neque n ua esse ampectenda, neque extra
pub
cam v
am esse defectendum, sed cum (9) pr nunc
at
n
s
ant
qu
tas euanuer
t (s
a
ter 
m pr nunc
arunt qum
h d
n s pr fer
mus) usum sc
ent
amque prstare n s debere
e
us, qua prsentes ut
mur: ut
d ct
v
r
s ent, qu

sc
ent
am s
b
reseruant, usum autem  quend
p pu
c ncedunt, qu
 quendum ut mut
, sent
endum ut pauc

sap
enter prc
p
unt, nec
mmutandum qu
cquam
nc nstanter
censent: nec m uenda esse rerum n u
tat
bus qu bene
c nst
tuta et c nf
rmata sunt ex
st
mant, ets
vetustat
s
spec
em s
b

nduant. Eten
m n n est quam brem
n hac ben
c nf
rmata repub. 
terar
a qu
s ve
t
am d
cere, re san
agrest
atque rud
, _que
s_ pr _qu
bus_, nec _ve
as_ pr
_v
as_, nec _ 
_ pr _

_, _mare
t _ pr _mar
t _, nec
_maxum_ pr _max
m_, nec _sueuerat_ pr _c nsueuerat_,
nec _de
c _, _e
dus_, _puchra
_, _ve
t_, _ube
_, _que
_,
_he
c_, _fm
na
_, _su m_, _de
ex
t_, _h runc_, _abe
_,
_er d
ta_, _p
cta
_, _aua
_, _nepa
_, qu
am bs euerunt,
& repet
ta m esta sunt, &
nterturbant mn
a, pr _d
c _,
_
dus_, _puchr_, _v
t_, _ub
_, _qu
_, _h
c_, _fm
n_,
_suum_, _d
ex
t_, _hunc_, _ab
_, _erud
ta_, _p
ct_,
_au_, _nep_, ut nec muta a
a pr pter carm
n
s
necess
tatem, aut a
js pr pter affectat
nem, n n pr pter
me
rem scr
bend
aut pr nunc
and
rat
nem us
tata. Nequ
en
m pr pter
ns ent
am aures erud
t rum hc ferre p ssent,
n
s
qu d P et
s 
ber h m
num gener
pr pter e rum 
gatam
rat
nem semper fu
t p testas qu
d
bet audend
. Ex
t
n

mmensum facunda 
cent
a vatum:
nqu
t Ou
d
us: Ob
gat
h
st r
ca nec sua verba f
de. H
nc apud e s, Tm us habet
aures, satant quercus, aues  quuntur, et saxa f
unt
h m
nes. Utuntur tamen h d
haud d
ss
m

pr nunc
and

genere, qu d B rea
smum seu Sc t
smum n m
namus
(quemadm dum Ac
b
ades Labdac
sm ) qu
a B rea
bus Ang
s
(qu s Ca
d n
s Br
tann s Lucanus v cat) atqu Sc t
s(10)
v
c
n
s est
n usu, dum _sa
ba
_, _ta
ba
_, _va
ta_, _a
ta_
d
cant, cum _s
b
_, _t
b
_, _v
ta_, _
ta_, pr nunc
andum
s
t. M rd
cus tamen ret
nent n n rat
ne sed pert
nac
a, &
petuant
a: ets
austra
bus Ang
s
ta vug c ntemn
tur
h c pr nunc
at
n
s genus, ut Pha
sc
s seu Thusc
s
Berg mense apud Ita s. Est en
m rud
s &
nc nd
t
vug
,
qu
bus ut est dec rum patr
m re  qu
:
ta austra
bus
Ang
s vad
ndec rum a
ut
qum su . L
cet tamen h
c
c ntempar

ud
c
um
uuentut
s, qu v
t
a pr v
rtut
bus

ampect
tur, ut s et vugus Au
c rum, qu
cam
s
as

cr
spatas, & c thurn s c r
ace s
nducunt rnament
causa,
qu
pr
nc
p
causa c ntegend
crura, & c a m rb
da, ad
qu t
d
anum usum sunt
nuenta. Nam 
m & n stra mem r
a
cum sana essent mn
a, nec c thurn
s utebantur, & denudata
v
r rum c a erant ad pectus, & pect ra expap
ata (ut
Paut
verb utar) atqu ad pap
am denudata, et
am bruma

temp re. Sed hc b
ter de B rea
sm . Ad d
phth ng s
am
pauc
s ven
. De qu
bus et
am Iur
sc nsut
a
ter sent
unt,
qum n u

st
pr nunc
at
n
s auth res. The ph
us en
m
Antecess r cum veet ut
a
ena 
ngua, n n dixi
diuis dihhongo, sed & oes, uni. Cuius ei
non lium mgisum, qum eius emois usum eo: qui & d
nosum usque omni, & e omnem obem disseminus
& eceus es. Quod si non lubene fen, quin
dihhongoum omnes lies suis sonis isi eximn,
con qum vul eceus usus, quod volunis & eulni
eo es, non necessiis,  slem lijs emin u
in su eim si volune sine eehensione, veei &
eceo moe onuncie, mxim quod muli eoes
eeinu ud uhoes (u iun) ex dihhongis
esoluis in simlices (11) lies. Noui men isi homines
nescio qum commodiem ueilem in docendo, ueis mne
ex hc su onunciione dicun. Qusi ve Gcoum uei,
& qui hodi uunu veei onunciione, lingum Gcm
discee, sone, & inelligee veei ill nequiuissen,
u si quiuissen, non i men commod. Scilice. Equidem
ueile mgis exisimo qum viile, ueileque esse
gumenum uo. Nm si commodio io si, (u i dem)
non men veusio es, qu es in conouesi es,
minusque gui veees sic onuncisse, nec esse ueoum
cus immund omni u subueend censeo. Id enim
exeimeno didici, vieem onuncindi muuum
commecium & socieem hominum eumque inellecum
summouee: discodmque hnc onunciionem semonis
commecio nunqum concum d colloqui. Nequ enim
Gcus Pich cum isic egnne Eddo sexo Londini
esse, Checum, nec Checus Pichm inellexi: hic nouo,
ille ueei onuncindi modo usus: quo omnes Gci dhuc
uebnu cum ego essem Veneijs, um Ched Gcs
lies ofiendo, um in emlis sc celebndo.
Audiebm enim d oe sius. A si ego ceem noi
Oxoniensis schol, quemdmodum is Gci onuncii, ex
Mho Clhunio Gco, quem ex Gci Oxonium Gcum
lieum gi oduxe Thoms Wolsus, de bonis lieis
oim meius Cdinlis, cum non li ione onuncii
ille, qum qu nos im ofiemu. Id si i si, nos
Binni docebimus isos Gcos in is Gci oiundos su
veb sone? sus voces que lies onuncie? & lus
in lien lingu siens [[siemus?]] qum is gens qu
nio, cui lingu Gc fmiliis que eim vulgis es,
& successione emoum coninu, nqum e mnus esse
di? (12) Nemo qui Gllic veli discee, ex Anglo
ee, si si, nec con: nec qui Ilic, ex Gemno,
sed ex su quque gene sun discend. A si ueis
insiuendis odesse osse, ui iun, usu ublico osse,
u cum lijs usu conuenin in semone d inellecum.
Nm si doces quod usui ublico esse non ossi, quosum
docinm? Cogeu qui didici dedidicisse, & eum
onuncindi modum discee qui in usu es, u eo uu cum

in ublicum odiei, cum ine homines vesus fuei, &

cum in heum docoum venei: nisi veli hbei ineus
e idiculum cu omnibus. E qui docebi quoque d isum
modum, dulicbi oem & mecedem, ui Fbius Quinilinus
scibi, um u iois obliuisci insiu, um u
insequenis onunciionis ionem osend, discenis
incommodo & lboe gui, & emois & comendij icu
guioi, qu ecius in inciio ouissen colloci in
melioes usus. A d usum ublicum ofuei minim. Nm
iu hc onunciio ucoum num hominum in
Binni es, & eoum iuuenum, libi minim ece
genium. Sed hij uci sic onuncin, u se muu
inellign, dices. A obis uniuesus non es is
ucis. Nec ucis iuo loco que usui docin
consiuiu, sed ublico & uniueso, u ine homines
cuiusque egionis cum lude lingu, & ingenij gloi
veseis. Qumobem ne docendo quidem, ullo modo d usum
ublicum conduce is nou onunciio. Hcenus ego
veus ill onunciio nihil ohibui, quin & ec
loqueenu homines, & e obem uniuesum inelligeenu,
sic u non si ous nou. Sed i onuncindum senis u
discens ine voces, ine vocles & dihhongos. Qusi
ve usu, docin, sensu, (13) ccenu, genee, qunie,
numeo & csu nihil comehendi, nihil disceni ossi,
nisi demimus nos, descendmusque d ueilem legendi
simliciem, c lenis buccis ofemus sis usic,
, _t ut is_, _cai_, _l  is_, _m usais_, _asilews_,
_epeir s_, _tupt mai_, _chreia_, _chresim s_, _ap phugen_,
_huster n_, _kides_, _cucl ps_, _k rakei n_, _lewc n_,
_hippewein_, _wy s_, _pais_, & h c genus alia: pr _phus_,
_t utis_, (veteri m re) _cha_, _l uis_, _muss_, _vasileus_,
_epirus_, _typt m_, _chria_, _chrisim s_, _ap phygen_,
_yster n_, _cidis_, _cycl ps_, _c raci n_, _leuc n_,
_yppewin_, _yi s_, _ps_, unde pd tria, n n paid tria:
aut quasi nihil aliud esset qu dijudicaremus inter
parere pr parturire, & parre pr edire in ist versu.
mina vult parere, sed n n parre luenter, nisi crassa
pr nunciati : eadem pen n ta qua &
n
pr nunc
at
ne, n n tamen
n scr
pt
ne. Nam
nter &

n scr
bend man
festa est d
fferent
a. Ap  tamen
v
detur 
m s d
x
sse & pr nunc
asse veter
Grc rum m re,
a
qu
nua fu
sset dub
tat

n racu . Cert ant
qu

_Ach
es_, _Tydes_, _Theses_, & _U
sses_ d
cebant, n n
_Ach
ews_, _Tudeus_, _Thesews_, et _Uussews_ quemadm dum
recentes: ut
ex e rum &
nterpretum 
br
s ea adhuc
referent
bus sc
re 
cet. Qu d s

m Grc
e qu recentes

st
m d crass
us, dur
us, & asper
us pr nunc
arunt, (qu d
acerr
m
st
defendunt, cum d
cunt Grc s) et
am tum Grc

erant Barbar
, cumex mn
bus gent
bus s 
n n habebantur
Barbar
. Barbar
en
m ab
n
t
d
ct
sunt (ut
nqu
t
Strab ) qu
crass, d
ff
cuter, asper atque dur
ter
 quebantur:
n qu rum genere fuerunt mnes gentes prter
Grc s: qu
bus p stea (c rrupta Grc
a) barbara ea
appeat
ad mnes prter (14) Lat
n s transata est, qud
m
t
rem 
nguam &
st
habebant et mag
s cutam. S
qu
s
tamen ex Lat
n
s esset qu
n n rect verba pr ferebat,
barbar  qu
et
am
e d
cebatur. Sed perg . An sap
entem
Hebrum putares, s
puer rum causa renunc
ata mn
n
perfecta
a & abs uta s
ne punct
s egend
rat
ne, ad
punct rum rat
nem et s
mp
c
tatem
n un
uersum def
c
at?

An n n mnes tanquam
nfantem &
neptum d
cerent? N
s
ve
t

pr
mm su s Tyr nes per punct s ad ect
nem
ntr ducere,
ac tum ad abs utam
am egend
rat
nem s
ne punct
s
traducere: qu d ab r
sum esset gem
n
que per
s. Rursus
an sap
entem Gaum qu
rud
rum causa ve
t rud
us
pr nunc
are, & a
ter qum vugus Ga rum s et, & eas

teras
n v ces
nserere, quas usus excud
t. D ct s en
m
d cta decent,
nd ct s f rmare p ssunt d ct
pr arb
tr
,
se rs
m, s
ne un
uers
tat
s d
ss ut
ne, &
ta
nst
tuere
pr ut pt
mum cu
que v
deb
tur, m d n n def
c
ant
c nsuet
s, nec
n d
cend & scr
bend n uas turbas exc
tent,
n ua d gmata n n
ntr ducant cum re
pub. 
terar


nqu
etud
ne, & pers narum ffens
ne. Ut s
qu
s veet
d cere pr
uat
m egendum _h m _ n n _ m _, & _hups
 n_ n n
_yps
 n_, ve ps
 n ferendum fu
t, m d d ceat adm nend

n n utend
causa (ut prudentes s ent qu
(ut d
x
)
sc
ent
am s
b
seruant, usu autem ut p puus  quuntur)
qu d h. n n s
t 
tera, s
c ut fac
at v cem ut v ca
s, aut

quescat ut 
qu
da, aut c ns net ut c ns nans, aut mutet
ut muta, sed asp
ret tantm ut sp
r
tus, ac ventus eu
s
s
ne v ce. Eam b causam apud scr
pt res veteres, eges
_ydr p
s
s_, _term_, _Bat n
a_ & _Iuern
a_, pr
_hydr p
s
s_, _therm_, _Bath n
a_ & _Hybern
a_, ut

n

br n str de therm
s Br
tann
c
s, et Symph n
a v cum
Br
tann
carum ann tau
mus. Istas tamen (15)
nept
as Deus
b ne, qum m rd
cus ret
nent n u

st
et defendunt (ut s
b

qu
dem v
dentur) pert
nac
ter, cum nu tamen m d
ust
s
rat
n
bus p ss
nt. Iuuenes s
hc
nept
rent s m duce

uuene, ferendum fu
t. Iam ver cum aud
am senes de
rare
h
js
nept
js, qu
d
nt erab

us? Nam h s
ud
c
um,
rat
, & exper
ent
a d ceret. Prterea
n senecta tate
udere par
mpar, equ
tare
n arund
ne  nga, qu u
s vent
ag
tar
, n
h
qu c nstant
s h m
n
s habere
ndec rum est.
C
cer
n Brut n tat tatem qu ante se fu
t,
n qua
Enn
us, L
u
us, & L.S
senna erant, qu rum st
us erat (ut

e a
t) h rr
d
r, nec dum perfect  quebantur. Sua autem
tate unct
r & spend
d
r c nsuetud  quend
fu
t. Et
quamu
s (
nqu
t) L.S
senna fac
 mnes v
ncat super
res,

nd
cat tamen quantm abs
t a summ . Nam usus est a
quand
veter
bus verb
s, & ab usu perfect , & aur
bus erud
t
s
rem t
s. Rect en
m  qu
putabant esse,
nus
tat  qu
.
Idem e dem
n Brut n
m
am vetustatem exp dendam m net.
Sed n
m
a (
nqu
t) vetustas nec habet eam quam qur
mus
summ
tatem, nec est san t erab

s. Eg
g
tur h rtat r
essem, ut a suscepta hac nuper (s
mn
n suscepta fu
t)
des
tque 
m pr nunc
at
ne des
stant, qu
utuntur: s
n n
pr pter has quas ante retu
causas, at cert pr pter hc
qu d eadem pr nunc
at
ne h nest
ss
ma verba turp
ss
m
s nent, ut _asc
tum_ & _asc
scunt_ apud n str s. Eten
m

n harum v cum pr
ma, s
c. pr feras ut ch. &
n secunda
utrumque c. ut k. m re n u , utrumque v cabuum tanta
turp
tud
ne pr feretur, quanta n n s
n
t verecund
a mea
exp
care. Quam brem mau
rem tac
ta c g
tat
ne prter
re,
qum d
uc
d
us patefacere: cup
en
m rebus adesse n m
na,
sed n n n m
n
bus pud rem. Sed (16) superc

s rum
Grammat
c rum max
m cupa hc pr nunc
at
Lat
na

ntr ducta est, cm nesc
qua muat
ne ater aterum
n u
tate a
qua studeat superare. Id qu d exemp cu
usdam
am
c
adhuc v
uent
s, qu

n sch a Pau
na atqu
tem
Ant n
na L nd
n
educatus
am 
m est, d
d
c
. Eten
m cum


n ud 
terar
d
u
Pau
erat, d cebatur s nare d che

pr d ce : cum
n sch am S.Anth n
j
dem venerat,
ussum
est pr ferre d ke pr d ce : nu pan d
scent
um
c mm d , sed ne d cent
um qu
dem: tantm
nseru
tum est

st rum 
b
d
n
qu rum prceptum
d erat, pr nunc
at
n
s
v
t
, & pubertat
s
nc mm d . Itaque
mp nendus m dus est,
a
qu
nuus futurus f
n
s est, h c
st ,
 a
m d
verba pr ferente atqu scr
bente. Nam &
n scr
pt
ne qu que
n ua rat
h d
e pr p n
tur. Sed nem (qu d sc
am) usqu
ade des
pu
t hactenus ut sequ
veet, ne auth r qu
dem
e
us. Neque en
m ccum ducem, nequ amentem c nsut rem.
Qu d s
qu
s veet, at c nst
tuenda

sch a n ua
scr
bend
& egend
fu
t, ded
scendque qu d
d
c
t mn
a,
&
nn uanda mn
a mn
p pu , euers
s qu
bus hactenus
us
sumus mn
bus: usqu ade m b

a sunt h d
h m
num

ngen
a
n
st
s nug
s, ut n
h
 f
xum, n
h

n perpetuum
c nst
tutum habeant. Nec unum nugand
genus est
n
scr
bend , sed d
uersum, h
c un ,
e ater usus m d :
h
c n uam 
terarum f rmam & pr nunc
at
nem c mmentus,
e
ateram: & eas
neptas san et
nsusas, et
am s
mp
c
bus
mu
ercu
s. N n est tamen tam stup
dus qu
squam, aut

mpudens &
nsusus re
a
cu
us n u auth r, qu
n n s
t
hab
turus su stut
t
faut res et sectat res, ve h m
nes
ad escentes, ve stutam pebecuam: at grauem v
rum cu

s
t
ud
c
um, ne unum qu
dem. N
s
s
f rt (17)
ngen
j
su
stentand
causa h c fecer
nt, ut Is crates audand
Busyr
m, L
ban
us Thers
tem, Luc
anus Muscam, Quartanam
Fau r
nus, Cau
c
em Synes
us Cyrenens
s, C mam D
n
Chrys st mus, & n str
scu
C rne
us Agr
ppa scr
bend
de van
tate sc
ent
arum 
beum: C pern
cus de m tu terr
& stat
ne c
v umen: et Erasmus Rh ter damus de febre &
Phaar
sm 
be s. Nam rhet res sub
nde an
m
causa s ent
tractare mater
as , & e
erceni gratia argmentm
infame eclarare. Ita si e pr nnciati ne n a & scripti ne
n a sensissent n i isti ath res, & cm prfati ne senss
si h c esse sm c mmentm icerent, n n a sm atqe
pr fessi nem, se a ingenij gl riam & e
ercitim, qi r
essem, amplectererqe cert lbens. Ali qi vieant illi,
qm nihil ali qm sam tracant infantiam, nec esse
c nsectr s aliqan t graia ingenia flectant a sas
nnias. Reliqa si seqacia ferint, q gl ria erit? Mallem
nm graem virm c nsentientem mihi mille ienibs: t
qibs nec m per tatem c nfirmats anims est, nec
matrm iicim, nec s e
perimentm, etsi graissim e
se sentiant: cm tamen vestit, gest, & rati ne l ng se
stenant ali s, t in lib.1 e Antiqitate Cant. Acaemi
plenis i
ims. Nam t in vijs peregrins, sic in rebs
imperits. Cert istis n itatibs, istis m is, nihil ali
qm sterilis lab r, sterilsqe ifficltas seqitr in
pr men cm mlt rm ris: q ea rstica sit et simple
,
parm c nita et elicata, affectati ne qaam inept
acqisita, nec erite re igna: eniqe q  ctas
ares vehementer ffenit, ingrata plan & i sa mnibs,
prterqam n itatis sti sis. Nam saitatis in serm ne
p liti res script res semper fernt bserantissimi.
Siqiem mai r rati ap e s eph ni fit, qm isciplina
(18) regl. Hinc Grci angel s ph rming s, & pap pr ferre,
prcept sqe imperarnt, cm , , &
udius p ndum i qui uit: t R mni _dinnum_ cum
_dinum_, _punnum_ cum _punum_, & _mnnum_ cum _mnum_

sit dicndum: ut mititu p nunciti nis di icuts, &

uittu s ni vitium, qu d Gci dicut. Qui &
Itli Romorum soboles edem de cus id proucidi geus
dhuc obserut, qui e mgum dict duriter, migum
sot molliter: et digum, e digum. Briti quoque
tqu Glli Romorum muli, e mgum dict, mi
proferut, ut _Chrles le mi_, Crolus mgus: _le mi
see_, mgum mre: et i lerum usu, _the mi chuce_,
sors mg: c pro _est_, et, elis .s. liter. Edem
suuittis rtioe ijdem omes B. per v. i Grcis & Ltiis
dictioibus efferut: et pro (i est ) viti,
t p inn inn, & p vict m: & p An
Aun, n n c nt dicunt. Et in vtusti ius Gc um
c dicius mnusciptis  vidis . itm, sd ius
 c chctm v. tin it simim. Ltini qu qu
vtusti s, t nic p t nic dicunt, int qu s st
Apuius: t _Iuni_ p _Hini_, t _u  _ p
_  _, t _t d Lu  _, p L i, (qu v
Pinius utitu) qu ps st Iti. H s si dmns, ut
icnti p m, & in usum qu qu u ct si it,
_ppudm_ t _  cs vini_, p u uc pn, t cius
vini: Dunum p D min , usqum,  uint m, t
mnticut m qu qu, p uuc , c nuicit , t
cncui u, su vsut : ut ht Fstus P mpius,
Pcuuius, t Auus Gius: t h c nus s t t
inusitt mni, qu d nm sn mntis cit. Sin p s,
n u i p nunciti nis n v h um xmp
dsist. Iud in (19) uniusum t sci xpdit,
p nunciti nis ti nm dicndi ti ni ss simiimm,
qu in mdi p sit (ut it Cic d Ot ) c mmuni
qu dm in usu tqu in h minum m  t sm n vstu.
Nm ut in ctis tius id mxim xcit qu d  nissim
sit  impit um intinti snsuqu siunctum, it in
dicnd vitium st v mximum vui n ti nis,
tqu c nsutudin c mmunis snsus h . [D ud
Cuicij.] Etnim qui d p puum sciit v  quitu (ut
inquit Synsius) ncss st ium in pini n p puium
ss, t  in, t d hijs diss qu p pu t
sunt. Atqu ut histi ni cti , stt i m tus n n quiuis
sd ctus quidm t udiis: sic in p nuncindi t
scindi n, ctum qu ddm t c mmuni usu cptum,
n n qu duis c nsutudin inum t m tum htu
c nsntnum. N n nim  ti ss dt pud n s in
itis qu in vstius, qu mnius h is i pn iunt
t dius, ut mti, ut m, ut c  , ut mnius
hijs. Unus nim vutus pud n s di sus st. Cuius i ni
n n ins nts Gmmtici, qu tqu t hctnus mihi vidiss
c ntiit, mns cum d itum p tstt tctnt it
p nds ss pcipiunt, ut usus d ct um p mnm
iquum m im im cpit. Int qu s Ptus
Antsinnus st, h m d ctus tqu ns, t Nich i
Cndi sch ists. Is d n u ist p nunciti n it
cnst, ut ius uth s cui s s mis xistimt, qum
vtis p nunciti nis intints: t  um ti ns
vni s, qum ut is dhind ids sit:  idqu
p nuncindum vti t cpt hctnus usu, xistimns um
qui x   impit iuuntutis pndt, in mnis viis
n n ss hndum. Eius v hc sunt. Qut c umn, (20)
&c. mnt um p tsttm c mpctitu, qu pct sciict
dnt nuncii, d qu  vi sunt h di & mutipics

Gmmtic um pini ns, dum quidm cui s nimis d

ntiqum p nuncindi ti nm mni v unt u c, cum
tmn ipsi p sus incti sunt, qu pct pisci ii hc
p nunciunt, & c nictu sunt dm dum iiun. Iis
itqu n n st ids dhind, nisi pius pisc um iqum
 in is xcitint. Hc i. Et pucis intp sitis,
ist suiunit. Qui v iis (p ss ius) dstituuntu,
& p pi mt inum Gcm disc c untu, p nuncint
mnt Gc m  Ltin um Gcis in hc tu
sp ndntium. Qu ct p nuncindi ti vtus st, &
cpt usu. Huius pini nis qu qu im p iuuntutm
(qu d ips n ui) nt isti pcpt s n ui. m  c
st nsciuunt, sd ssus  m sup s v uunt.
In  qu qu t t Th ms M us, Lincus, Lupstus,
& Esmus, qui in p ui , Stuti  M ych ,
transfert M ryx, n n m ruxa
, ets
de pr nunc
at
ne muta
d
sputauerat, qu g r
stud
p t
us, quam usus grat
a
se scr
ps
sse, ex h
js & a
js  c
s sc
re 
cet d

genter
bseruant
. Parm
um qu que d
x
t, n n par
m
um, et
H
pp c
dem n n H
pp cudem
n pr uerb
: n n est cur
H
pp c
d
: & gymnas
um n n gumnas
um, & Sybar
t
ca, Smyrn
ac Syracus, n n Subar
t
ca, Smurne & Suracusa
. L ngum
esset mnes
stas van
tates percensere, v
x d
es, aut et
am
annus suff
ceret. Sed qu
d de recent
bus  quar, cum vetust

Grc
& Lat
n
c nsueta re
g
s
ss
m bseruarunt. Gaenus
en
m h m Grcus, & summ

ud
c
j ac d ctr
n v
r, ut s

qu
s a
us su
aut
nsequent
s temp r
s, 
b.1. per
s su

de C mp s
t
ne med
cament rum qua parte de m d auand


thargyr n & a
a metaa scr
b
t, (21)
utedum ceset. Eteim cum medici sui temporis
recetiores dicebt, , ,
cm .
 
m,
 m c
b
&  c


m

m
   c 
m
m m cm &

m, m , , & 
c 
 .

, 
b , ,

,
 
b . 
   . T
 
m
c  . D c 
m 
 
b , m c   
c

 
  c
mm fc

 m ,

    A
c  c   m 
  

 c 
m. T

m 
 Gm
f,  c
v

(
 f) A
cm 
gm v
j
m 
 c m   
  v
c
m, c 
m  m   m 
 
 c 
m m,

 Gc  m c
  c
  m c c

,
m f. Cm g (

)
 m
b 
b

m
c

b, cm . c
m

m, &  
  

 c 
,
   & c
b
m c
m. Hc c G. E

b
  c m  .  .  f,  
, (  b
m E

m ). A

b
c ,  pro ,  b
 
 m,
 b
,  
b
. Nc Gc
 m ( 
x
) 
L

  c c
 c 
m. Nm C
c 



  ,  
   b
,  x

  
  C

m  Cm c
 
c: x
Pc
   C
c m. A U

& I



m 
b,  
 

 m 
g
f
c
, 

. 

 
m yb. Sc
m   m m m
m m 

c
 S

 Cc, & 


 c
 c

. I mm m
 v c
b

 

 
(22) 

 
, 
, 


c  

 
,

  c

.
P mm m  

 ybm,  g

b, & b
  g m, fc

 m

cm  gm,  
m bm, cm m O

 N

  c v. Em
 &   
 m
 f
, cm
fc
 bm & 
m  gm. E g

: Nx, 
,
m
 
m

 g 
g
, c 
 
 c fc


vb c. M
   m m c c
,
 
cm m
. S

 m 

 &  m   

  c
 c
, c m
  c

b  


c
 m c ,  c
  v   

 m, m c
 cm 
. Eg 
m c 
,
c cm  m c
 c   c   , c
bm Gmm
c c  m
  c


(  m


c m 
 

)  

c 
 m c  , 
 x 


c 
  g
  m   c


Gc  L
 
g 
, b  f
 x
c . N  
m

m  c ,  bm x cc
 g



   I
  Gm
m, 
 
b.    
b

 
j x 
m. Cm
g
  
  
 c

  c

,   c mg
 , 
c
,  c mm 
 
 g 
  
g
,  
b

 x
  c
  g
b,
c c Gc
, 
 
 b m m  c

m, 
m 
  
 f
,    m c 

Gmm
c . Ac cm  c

c   
 

c,  x A  Mc
Bg
c
 
c, 
ffc 
m
m,    
 
b c , c
m 
m c m v
 m g
m   c m
m

,
 (23)   g
 m 
c  c
 

 : & cm x c cc
 mg
  


 b
m
b m
  v   b


 c 
m c mm 
b,  
 b c 

. fm   f
, mm  xmm 
 

 g
. A

  mg
f  m 
 c
, cm 
c
m m  v
 
g

, 
c v

  
, 




  
    


. I





b    c 
 v
 


m m
c m, m   x

  v. Om
g

 cm 

m 
 m
,  c   m
m 


c
 m xc
 c f
m v  c

,
m m, cm  b. Nm 
 m
 fc
 
mg
  
x
. Om 
m v
 m

 
  

c,     m  xc
m 
fc
 c
,   m
m  m v
, m 


   
    b
.
*

*
*

*
*

*
*

*
*

E   A m
   by c
b:

_c_, _v
_ [c mm m

g]

 
 
g 
 [[
m?]] m
 g
[_
  
   , 
 bc  
 m:
 by 1912 
 ?_]
v ps
 n ferendum fu
t [_pr
nted as sh wn, w
th
n
t
a
ta_]

End f the Pr ject Gutenberg EB k f De Pr nunc
at
ne Graecae & Lat
nae

L
nguae, by J hn Ca
us
*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DE PRONUNCIATIONE GRAECAE ***
***** Th
s f
e sh ud be named 26570-0.txt r 26570-0.z
p *****
Th
s and a ass c
ated f
es f var
us f rmats w
 be f und
n:
http://www.gutenberg. rg/2/6/5/7/26570/
Pr duced by L u
se H pe
Updated ed
t
ns w
 repace the prev
us
w
 be renamed.

ne--the

d ed
t
ns

Creat
ng the w rks fr m pub
c d ma
n pr
nt ed
t
ns means that n

ne wns a Un
ted States c pyr
ght
n these w rks, s the F undat
n
(and y u!) can c py and d
str
bute
t
n the Un
ted States w
th ut
perm
ss
n and w
th ut pay
ng c pyr
ght r yat
es. Spec
a rues,
set f rth
n the Genera Terms f Use part f th
s 
cense, appy t
c py
ng and d
str
but
ng Pr ject Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c w rks t
pr tect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm c ncept and trademark. Pr ject
Gutenberg
s a reg
stered trademark, and may n t be used
f y u
charge f r the eB ks, uness y u rece
ve spec
f
c perm
ss
n. If y u
d n t charge anyth
ng f r c p
es f th
s eB k, c mpy
ng w
th the
rues
s very easy. Y u may use th
s eB k f r neary any purp se
such as creat
n f der
vat
ve w rks, rep rts, perf rmances and
research. They may be m d
f
ed and pr
nted and g
ven away--y u may d
pract
cay ANYTHING w
th pub
c d ma
n eB ks. Red
str
but
n
s
subject t the trademark 
cense, espec
ay c mmerc
a
red
str
but
n.

*** START: FULL LICENSE ***

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
T pr tect the Pr ject Gutenberg-tm m
ss
n f pr m t
ng the free
d
str
but
n f eectr n
c w rks, by us
ng r d
str
but
ng th
s w rk
( r any ther w rk ass c
ated
n any way w
th the phrase "Pr ject
Gutenberg"), y u agree t c mpy w
th a the terms f the Fu Pr ject
Gutenberg-tm L
cense (ava
abe w
th th
s f
e r n
ne at
http://gutenberg.net/
cense).
Sect
n 1. Genera Terms
eectr n
c w rks

f Use and Red
str
but
ng Pr ject Gutenberg-tm

1.A. By read
ng r us
ng any part f th
s Pr ject Gutenberg-tm

eectr n
c w rk, y u
nd
cate that y u have read, understand, agree t
and accept a the terms f th
s 
cense and
nteectua pr perty
(trademark/c pyr
ght) agreement. If y u d n t agree t ab
de by a
the terms f th
s agreement, y u must cease us
ng and return r destr y

a c p
es f Pr ject Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c w rks
n y ur p ssess
n.

If y u pa
d a fee f r bta
n
ng a c py f r access t a Pr ject
Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c w rk and y u d n t agree t be b und by the
terms f th
s agreement, y u may bta
n a refund fr m the pers n r
ent
ty t wh m y u pa
d the fee as set f rth
n paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. "Pr ject Gutenberg"
s a reg
stered trademark. It may ny be
used n r ass c
ated
n any way w
th an eectr n
c w rk by pe pe wh
agree t be b und by the terms f th
s agreement. There are a few
th
ngs that y u can d w
th m st Pr ject Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c w rks
even w
th ut c mpy
ng w
th the fu terms f th
s agreement. See
paragraph 1.C be w. There are a  t f th
ngs y u can d w
th Pr ject
Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c w rks
f y u f  w the terms f th
s agreement
and hep preserve free future access t Pr ject Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c
w rks. See paragraph 1.E be w.
1.C. The Pr ject Gutenberg L
terary Arch
ve F undat
n ("the F undat
n"
r PGLAF), wns a c mp
at
n c pyr
ght
n the c ect
n f Pr ject
Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c w rks. Neary a the
nd
v
dua w rks
n the
c ect
n are
n the pub
c d ma
n
n the Un
ted States. If an

nd
v
dua w rk
s
n the pub
c d ma
n
n the Un
ted States and y u are
 cated
n the Un
ted States, we d n t ca
m a r
ght t prevent y u fr m
c py
ng, d
str
but
ng, perf rm
ng, d
spay
ng r creat
ng der
vat
ve
w rks based n the w rk as  ng as a references t Pr ject Gutenberg
are rem ved. Of c urse, we h pe that y u w
 supp rt the Pr ject
Gutenberg-tm m
ss
n f pr m t
ng free access t eectr n
c w rks by
freey shar
ng Pr ject Gutenberg-tm w rks
n c mp
ance w
th the terms f
th
s agreement f r keep
ng the Pr ject Gutenberg-tm name ass c
ated w
th
the w rk. Y u can eas
y c mpy w
th the terms f th
s agreement by
keep
ng th
s w rk
n the same f rmat w
th
ts attached fu Pr ject
Gutenberg-tm L
cense when y u share
t w
th ut charge w
th thers.
1.D. The c pyr
ght aws f the pace where y u are  cated as g vern
what y u can d w
th th
s w rk. C pyr
ght aws
n m st c untr
es are
n
a c nstant state f change. If y u are uts
de the Un
ted States, check
the aws f y ur c untry
n add
t
n t the terms f th
s agreement
bef re d wn ad
ng, c py
ng, d
spay
ng, perf rm
ng, d
str
but
ng r
creat
ng der
vat
ve w rks based n th
s w rk r any ther Pr ject
Gutenberg-tm w rk. The F undat
n makes n representat
ns c ncern
ng
the c pyr
ght status f any w rk
n any c untry uts
de the Un
ted
States.
1.E. Uness y u have rem ved a references t Pr ject Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The f  w
ng sentence, w
th act
ve 
nks t , r ther
mmed
ate
access t , the fu Pr ject Gutenberg-tm L
cense must appear pr m
nenty
whenever any c py f a Pr ject Gutenberg-tm w rk (any w rk n wh
ch the
phrase "Pr ject Gutenberg" appears, r w
th wh
ch the phrase "Pr ject
Gutenberg"
s ass c
ated)
s accessed, d
spayed, perf rmed, v
ewed,
c p
ed r d
str
buted:
Th
s eB k
s f r the use f
am st n restr
ct
ns whats
re-use
t under the terms f
w
th th
s eB k r n
ne at

any ne anywhere at n c st and w
th

ever. Y u may c py
t, g
ve
t away r
the Pr ject Gutenberg L
cense
ncuded
www.gutenberg.net

1.E.2. If an
nd
v
dua Pr ject Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c w rk
s der
ved

fr m the pub
c d ma
n (d es n t c nta
n a n t
ce
nd
cat
ng that
t
s
p sted w
th perm
ss
n f the c pyr
ght h der), the w rk can be c p
ed
and d
str
buted t any ne
n the Un
ted States w
th ut pay
ng any fees

r charges. If y u are red
str
but
ng r pr v
d
ng access t a w rk

w
th the phrase "Pr ject Gutenberg" ass c
ated w
th r appear
ng n the
w rk, y u must c mpy e
ther w
th the requ
rements f paragraphs 1.E.1
thr ugh 1.E.7 r bta
n perm
ss
n f r the use f the w rk and the
Pr ject Gutenberg-tm trademark as set f rth
n paragraphs 1.E.8 r
1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an
nd
v
dua Pr ject Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c w rk
s p sted
w
th the perm
ss
n f the c pyr
ght h der, y ur use and d
str
but
n
must c mpy w
th b th paragraphs 1.E.1 thr ugh 1.E.7 and any add
t
na
terms
mp sed by the c pyr
ght h der. Add
t
na terms w
 be 
nked
t the Pr ject Gutenberg-tm L
cense f r a w rks p sted w
th the
perm
ss
n f the c pyr
ght h der f und at the beg
nn
ng f th
s w rk.
1.E.4. D n t un
nk r detach r rem ve the fu Pr ject Gutenberg-tm
L
cense terms fr m th
s w rk, r any f
es c nta
n
ng a part f th
s
w rk r any ther w rk ass c
ated w
th Pr ject Gutenberg-tm.
1.E.5. D n t c py, d
spay, perf rm, d
str
bute r red
str
bute th
s
eectr n
c w rk, r any part f th
s eectr n
c w rk, w
th ut
pr m
nenty d
spay
ng the sentence set f rth
n paragraph 1.E.1 w
th
act
ve 
nks r
mmed
ate access t the fu terms f the Pr ject
Gutenberg-tm L
cense.
1.E.6. Y u may c nvert t and d
str
bute th
s w rk
n any b
nary,
c mpressed, marked up, n npr pr
etary r pr pr
etary f rm,
ncud
ng any
w rd pr cess
ng r hypertext f rm. H wever,
f y u pr v
de access t r
d
str
bute c p
es f a Pr ject Gutenberg-tm w rk
n a f rmat ther than
"Pa
n an
a ASCII" r ther f rmat used
n the ff
c
a vers
n
p sted n the ff
c
a Pr ject Gutenberg-tm web s
te (www.gutenberg.net),
y u must, at n add
t
na c st, fee r expense t the user, pr v
de a
c py, a means f exp rt
ng a c py, r a means f bta
n
ng a c py up n
request, f the w rk
n
ts r
g
na "Pa
n an
a ASCII" r ther
f rm. Any aternate f rmat must
ncude the fu Pr ject Gutenberg-tm
L
cense as spec
f
ed
n paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. D n t charge a fee f r access t , v
ew
ng, d
spay
ng,
perf rm
ng, c py
ng r d
str
but
ng any Pr ject Gutenberg-tm w rks
uness y u c mpy w
th paragraph 1.E.8 r 1.E.9.
1.E.8. Y u may charge a reas nabe fee f r c p
es f r pr v
d
ng
access t r d
str
but
ng Pr ject Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c w rks pr v
ded
that
- Y u pay a r yaty fee f 20% f the gr ss pr f
ts y u der
ve fr m
the use f Pr ject Gutenberg-tm w rks cacuated us
ng the meth d
y u aready use t cacuate y ur app
cabe taxes. The fee
s
wed t the wner f the Pr ject Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
has agreed t d nate r yat
es under th
s paragraph t the
Pr ject Gutenberg L
terary Arch
ve F undat
n. R yaty payments
must be pa
d w
th
n 60 days f  w
ng each date n wh
ch y u
prepare ( r are egay requ
red t prepare) y ur per
d
c tax
returns. R yaty payments sh ud be ceary marked as such and
sent t the Pr ject Gutenberg L
terary Arch
ve F undat
n at the
address spec
f
ed
n Sect
n 4, "Inf rmat
n ab ut d nat
ns t
the Pr ject Gutenberg L
terary Arch
ve F undat
n."
- Y u pr v
de a fu refund f any m ney pa
d by a user wh n t
f
es
y u
n wr
t
ng ( r by e-ma
) w
th
n 30 days f rece
pt that s/he
d es n t agree t the terms f the fu Pr ject Gutenberg-tm

L
cense. Y u must requ
re such a user t return r

destr y a c p
es f the w rks p ssessed
n a phys
ca med
um
and d
sc nt
nue a use f and a access t
ther c p
es f
Pr ject Gutenberg-tm w rks.
- Y u pr v
de,
n acc rdance w
th paragraph 1.F.3, a fu refund f any
m ney pa
d f r a w rk r a repacement c py,
f a defect
n the
eectr n
c w rk
s d
sc vered and rep rted t y u w
th
n 90 days
f rece
pt f the w rk.
- Y u c mpy w
th a ther terms f th
s agreement f r free
d
str
but
n f Pr ject Gutenberg-tm w rks.
1.E.9. If y u w
sh t charge a fee r d
str
bute a Pr ject Gutenberg-tm
eectr n
c w rk r gr up f w rks n d
fferent terms than are set
f rth
n th
s agreement, y u must bta
n perm
ss
n
n wr
t
ng fr m
b th the Pr ject Gutenberg L
terary Arch
ve F undat
n and M
chae
Hart, the wner f the Pr ject Gutenberg-tm trademark. C ntact the
F undat
n as set f rth
n Sect
n 3 be w.
1.F.
1.F.1. Pr ject Gutenberg v unteers and emp yees expend c ns
derabe
eff rt t
dent
fy, d c pyr
ght research n, transcr
be and pr fread
pub
c d ma
n w rks
n creat
ng the Pr ject Gutenberg-tm
c ect
n. Desp
te these eff rts, Pr ject Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c
w rks, and the med
um n wh
ch they may be st red, may c nta
n
"Defects," such as, but n t 
m
ted t ,
nc mpete,
naccurate r
c rrupt data, transcr
pt
n err rs, a c pyr
ght r ther
nteectua
pr perty
nfr
ngement, a defect
ve r damaged d
sk r ther med
um, a
c mputer v
rus, r c mputer c des that damage r cann t be read by
y ur equ
pment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except f r the "R
ght
f Repacement r Refund" descr
bed
n paragraph 1.F.3, the Pr ject
Gutenberg L
terary Arch
ve F undat
n, the wner f the Pr ject
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any ther party d
str
but
ng a Pr ject
Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c w rk under th
s agreement, d
sca
m a

ab

ty t y u f r damages, c sts and expenses,
ncud
ng ega
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EEN IF YOU GIE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If y u d
sc ver a
defect
n th
s eectr n
c w rk w
th
n 90 days f rece
v
ng
t, y u can
rece
ve a refund f the m ney (
f any) y u pa
d f r
t by send
ng a
wr
tten expanat
n t the pers n y u rece
ved the w rk fr m. If y u
rece
ved the w rk n a phys
ca med
um, y u must return the med
um w
th
y ur wr
tten expanat
n. The pers n r ent
ty that pr v
ded y u w
th
the defect
ve w rk may eect t pr v
de a repacement c py
n 
eu f a
refund. If y u rece
ved the w rk eectr n
cay, the pers n r ent
ty
pr v
d
ng
t t y u may ch se t g
ve y u a sec nd pp rtun
ty t
rece
ve the w rk eectr n
cay
n 
eu f a refund. If the sec nd c py

s as defect
ve, y u may demand a refund
n wr
t
ng w
th ut further
pp rtun
t
es t f
x the pr bem.

1.F.4. Except f r the 
m
ted r
ght f repacement r refund set f rth

n paragraph 1.F.3, th
s w rk
s pr v
ded t y u AS-IS WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. S me states d n t a w d
sca
mers f certa
n
mp
ed
warrant
es r the excus
n r 
m
tat
n f certa
n types f damages.
If any d
sca
mer r 
m
tat
n set f rth
n th
s agreement v
ates the
aw f the state app
cabe t th
s agreement, the agreement sha be

nterpreted t make the max
mum d
sca
mer r 
m
tat
n perm
tted by
the app
cabe state aw. The
nva
d
ty r unenf rceab

ty f any
pr v
s
n f th
s agreement sha n t v
d the rema
n
ng pr v
s
ns.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - Y u agree t
ndemn
fy and h d the F undat
n, the
trademark wner, any agent r emp yee f the F undat
n, any ne
pr v
d
ng c p
es f Pr ject Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c w rks
n acc rdance
w
th th
s agreement, and any v unteers ass c
ated w
th the pr duct
n,
pr m t
n and d
str
but
n f Pr ject Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c w rks,
harmess fr m a 
ab

ty, c sts and expenses,
ncud
ng ega fees,
that ar
se d
recty r
nd
recty fr m any f the f  w
ng wh
ch y u d
r cause t ccur: (a) d
str
but
n f th
s r any Pr ject Gutenberg-tm
w rk, (b) aterat
n, m d
f
cat
n, r add
t
ns r deet
ns t any
Pr ject Gutenberg-tm w rk, and (c) any Defect y u cause.
Sect
n 2. Inf rmat
n ab ut the M
ss
n f Pr ject Gutenberg-tm
Pr ject Gutenberg-tm
s syn nym us w
th the free d
str
but

eectr n
c w rks
n f rmats readabe by the w
dest var
ety

ncud
ng bs ete, d, m
dde-aged and new c mputers. It
because f the eff rts f hundreds f v unteers and d nat

pe pe
n a waks f 
fe.

n f
f c mputers
ex
sts
ns fr m

 unteers and f
nanc
a supp rt t pr v
de v unteers w
th the

ass
stance they need,
s cr
t
ca t reach
ng Pr ject Gutenberg-tms
g as and ensur
ng that the Pr ject Gutenberg-tm c ect
n w

rema
n freey ava
abe f r generat
ns t c me. In 2001, the Pr ject
Gutenberg L
terary Arch
ve F undat
n was created t pr v
de a secure
and permanent future f r Pr ject Gutenberg-tm and future generat
ns.
T earn m re ab ut the Pr ject Gutenberg L
terary Arch
ve F undat
n
and h w y ur eff rts and d nat
ns can hep, see Sect
ns 3 and 4
and the F undat
n web page at http://www.pgaf. rg.
Sect
n 3. Inf rmat
n ab ut the Pr ject Gutenberg L
terary Arch
ve
F undat
n
The Pr ject Gutenberg L
terary Arch
ve F undat
n
s a n n pr f
t
501(c)(3) educat
na c rp rat
n rgan
zed under the aws f the
state f M
ss
ss
pp
and granted tax exempt status by the Interna
Revenue Serv
ce. The F undat
ns EIN r federa tax
dent
f
cat
n
number
s 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) etter
s p sted at
http://pgaf. rg/fundra
s
ng. C ntr
but
ns t the Pr ject Gutenberg
L
terary Arch
ve F undat
n are tax deduct
be t the fu extent
perm
tted by U.S. federa aws and y ur states aws.
The F undat
ns pr
nc
pa ff
ce
s  cated at 4557 Mean Dr. S.
Fa
rbanks, AK, 99712., but
ts v unteers and emp yees are scattered
thr ugh ut numer us  cat
ns. Its bus
ness ff
ce
s  cated at
809 N rth 1500 West, Sat Lake C
ty, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, ema


bus
ness@pgaf. rg. Ema
 c ntact 
nks and up t date c ntact

nf rmat
n can be f und at the F undat
ns web s
te and ff
c
a
page at http://pgaf. rg
F r add
t
na c ntact
nf rmat
n:
Dr. Greg ry B. Newby
Ch
ef Execut
ve and D
rect r
gbnewby@pgaf. rg
Sect
n 4. Inf rmat
n ab ut D nat
ns t the Pr ject Gutenberg
L
terary Arch
ve F undat
n
Pr ject Gutenberg-tm depends up n and cann t surv
ve w
th ut w
de
spread pub
c supp rt and d nat
ns t carry ut
ts m
ss
n f

ncreas
ng the number f pub
c d ma
n and 
censed w rks that can be
freey d
str
buted
n mach
ne readabe f rm access
be by the w
dest
array f equ
pment
ncud
ng utdated equ
pment. Many sma d nat
ns
($1 t $5,000) are part
cuary
mp rtant t ma
nta
n
ng tax exempt
status w
th the IRS.
The F undat
n
s c mm
tted t c mpy
ng w
th the aws reguat
ng
char
t
es and char
tabe d nat
ns
n a 50 states f the Un
ted
States. C mp
ance requ
rements are n t un
f rm and
t takes a
c ns
derabe eff rt, much paperw rk and many fees t meet and keep up
w
th these requ
rements. We d n t s 
c
t d nat
ns
n  cat
ns
where we have n t rece
ved wr
tten c nf
rmat
n f c mp
ance. T
SEND DONATIONS r determ
ne the status f c mp
ance f r any
part
cuar state v
s
t http://pgaf. rg
Wh
e we cann t and d n t s 
c
t c ntr
but
ns fr m states where we
have n t met the s 
c
tat
n requ
rements, we kn w f n pr h
b
t
n
aga
nst accept
ng uns 
c
ted d nat
ns fr m d n rs
n such states wh
appr ach us w
th ffers t d nate.
Internat
na d nat
ns are gratefuy accepted, but we cann t make
any statements c ncern
ng tax treatment f d nat
ns rece
ved fr m
uts
de the Un
ted States. U.S. aws a ne swamp ur sma staff.
Pease check the Pr ject Gutenberg Web pages f r current d nat
n
meth ds and addresses. D nat
ns are accepted
n a number f ther
ways
ncud
ng
ncud
ng checks, n
ne payments and cred
t card
d nat
ns. T d nate, pease v
s
t: http://pgaf. rg/d nate
Sect
n 5. Genera Inf rmat
n Ab ut Pr ject Gutenberg-tm eectr n
c
w rks.
Pr fess r M
chae S. Hart
s the r
g
nat r f the Pr ject Gutenberg-tm
c ncept f a 
brary f eectr n
c w rks that c ud be freey shared
w
th any ne. F r th
rty years, he pr duced and d
str
buted Pr ject
Gutenberg-tm eB ks w
th ny a  se netw rk f v unteer supp rt.
Pr ject Gutenberg-tm eB ks are ften created fr m severa pr
nted
ed
t
ns, a f wh
ch are c nf
rmed as Pub
c D ma
n
n the U.S.
uness a c pyr
ght n t
ce
s
ncuded. Thus, we d n t necessar
y
keep eB ks
n c mp
ance w
th any part
cuar paper ed
t
n.

M st pe pe start at ur Web s
te wh
ch has the ma
n PG search fac

ty:
http://www.gutenberg.net
Th
s Web s
te
ncudes
nf rmat
n ab ut Pr ject Gutenberg-tm,

ncud
ng h w t make d nat
ns t the Pr ject Gutenberg L
terary
Arch
ve F undat
n, h w t hep pr duce ur new eB ks, and h w t
subscr
be t ur ema
 newsetter t hear ab ut new eB ks.