Huongdanorcard PDF

TRAN V HOP DTVT2B - HVKTQS
1
LI GII THIEU
Voi muc dich chia se cac kin thuc thu nht duoc va mun cac ban co
y dinh hoc thit k mach, giup cac ban khng mt nhiu thoi gian. Ti xin
chia se voi cac ban mt s kinh nghim ma ti d trai qua. Tt ca nhung kinh
nghim nay du duoc ti may mo, suu tm thu luom trn mang va trn cac
din dan. Cac tai liu nay no chi la tung phn nho tu cac noi duoc ti suu
tm va tng hop lai. Trong tai liu nay co su dung mt s bai vit cua cng
dng cac ban trn mang, cung nhu trn cac din dan. Qua dy, ti cung xin
chn thanh cam on su giup d v kinh nghim cung nhu tai liu cua cac dan
anh di truoc. Ho d mo ra cac din dan rt hay va b ich giup rt nhiu cho
muc dich tu nghin cuu cua sinh vin va cac ban dam m khoa hoc. Toturial
nay co su dung cac thng tin trn mt s din dan nhu: dientuvietnam.net,
diendandientu.com, dieukhientudong.com, picvietnam.com.
D thit k duoc mt mach d ung dung vao mt muc dich nao do.
Cac ban phai trai qua mt s buoc sau:
1. V so d mach.
2. Chuyn sang so d mach in.
3. Lam mach in.
4. Gn linh kin.
2
I./V so d mch.
Orcad la mt chuong trinh dung d thit k mach kha hay. No la mt
phn mm kha dy du cac chuc nng: no vua co th thit k mach, xut ra
mach in, vua co th m phong duoc mach. Nhung ti chua dung cng cu m
phong Orcad bao gio vi di voi ti m phong thi proteus la qua hay ri.
Nn trong khun kh Toturial nay ti chi gioi thiu cho cac ban phn
Capture CIS va Layout Plus.
Du tin d bt du hoc Orcad thi tt nhin ban phai co phn mm hoc
Orcad. Hin nay d co ban Orcad 10.0 nhung ban Orcad nay khng thng
dung va rt nng khi cai vao may, ban chi cn Orcad 9.0 hoc 9.2 la du. No
vua thng dung, vua dy du. Cac ban co th kim phn mm nay trn mang,
nhung noi chung cac ban khng nn d mt thoi gian va tin download phn
mm nay trn mang vi chi voi 8000d la ban co ngay mt dia cai Orcad ma
khng phai lang thang trn mang tim kim (mt thoi gian).
Vic cai Orcad v cung don gian nhung ti thy trn cac din dan cac
ban cung hoi rt nhiu nn o dy ti xin gioi thiu lun cho cac ban:
Cho dia vao chay nhu binh thuong, n NEXT lin tuc dn doan:
3
Cac ban chon Standalone Licensing ri NEXT, NEXT tip cho dn khi xut
hin
Cac ban nho g Keys Code la: 1,2,5,6,7,8,9,j,k nhe. Chu y mi s trn mt
dong nhu trn hinh v trn ri NEXT
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ri ban cu chon NEXT tip s thanh cng.
Sau khi cai xong, ban nho copy cac Iile trong thu muc Crack
vao C:\Program Files\Orcad. Ri chay Iile PDXOrCAD.exe
Man hinh s xut hin:
Nhu cac ban thy huong dn khi chay Iile Crack nay ri do: Cac ban phai
thoat khoi chuong trinh Orcad nu no dang chay.
Cac ban nho thay di duong dn o phn Directory la: C:\Program
Files\Orcad\. Ri n Apply th la xong.
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Dy la hinh anh khi cac ban cai thanh cng.
Buoc du th la xong, by gio ban d co cng cu trong tay. Chung ta cung
bt du nghich Orcad nao.
1./Capture CIS.
Loi du tin ti mun noi voi cac ban la: Ti khng quan tm nhiu
lm dn Capture CIS ma ti quan tm nhiu dn Layout Plus. Vi nu d thit
k mach nguyn ly thi cac ban con cn phai chon linh kin cho phu hop va
doi hoi mt su chinh xac. Nhung khi thit k mt mach nao dy d xut ra
mach in trong Layout Plus thi vic chon linh kin khng yu cu su chinh
xac. Ban co th thay mt con din tro bng mt con tu din cung duoc
nhung chi co mt yu cu o dy la cac linh kin thay th tuong duong cho
nhau nhu th nay phai co cung s chn, nu khng trong Layout s bao li.
6
Tuy nhin ti cung xin gioi thiu cho cac ban so qua mt chut v Capture
CIS (Dung d v so d mach).
Ti xin gioi thiu voi cac ban mt s phim tt trong su dung Orcad
(d tit kim thoi gian, voi lai nhu th trng co ve chuyn nghip hon !).
Ctrl A : Chon tt ca.
Ctrl E : Properties.
Ctrl Y : Redo
Ctrl Z : Undo
Ctrl U : Pha Group.
ShiIt W : Di dy.
ShiIt Home: Zoom all.
B : Chon Bus.
C : Xem vung xung quanh ma con chut chi toi.
E : Bus entry.
H : Di xung.
I : Phong to.
O : Thu nho.
Z : Phong to vung chon.
N : Dt Net Alias.
R : Xoay.
T : Text.
P : Tim linh kin.
F : Dt ngun, dt.
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D tao mt Project moi d v ban lam nhu sau:
Vao File\New\Project
Cac buoc chi tit d v mach 'Diu chinh d sang den duoc m ta
kha chi tit trong tai liu cua ELECTRONIC DESIGN AUTOMATION, ti
xin gioi thiu voi cac ban:
GIAO TRNH EDA (ELECTRONIC DESIGN AUTOMATION) - T ONG THIET KE MACH IEN T VI ORCAD BAI TAP 9

THIET KE MACH IN
MACH IEU CHNH O SANG EN

Trong bai tap nay ban se c hng dan thiet ke mach in cho mach ieu chnh o sang
en co s o nguyen ly nh sau :

e khi ong chng
trnh ve s o nguyen ly
mach ien trong Orcad, nhap
chon Start > Programs >
OrCAD Release 9 >
Capture.
Man hnh OrCAD
Capture xuat hien, chon
File > New > Project. Hop
thoai New Project xuat
hien. Tai khung Name nhap
ten can at cho mach vao,
tai khung Location nhap
chuot vao nut Browse e
chon ng dan cho mach
gi vao. Chon xong nhap
OK.

AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT KHOA IEN BIEN SOAN : PHAM QUANG HUY - HUYNH MINH ANG 206

Trong mach nay gom co : 1 CAU DIODE, 3 RAC CAM 2 CHAN, 1 TU PHAN CC, 1
DIODE ZENER, 6 IEN TR,1 QUANG TR, 1 BIEN TR, 4 TRANSISTOR, 1 TRIAC, 2
CHAN MASS.
e lay linh kien ra t th vien, nhap
chon Place > Part hay nhan to hp phm
Shift + P tren ban phm.

Hop thoai Place Part xuat hien, tien hanh lay nhng linh kien t trong th vien ra, nhap
chuot vao nut Add Library

Hop thoai Browse File xuat hien, tai khung Look in nhap chuot vao mui ten hng
xuong e chon th muc Library trong Orcad. Tai khung ben di nhap chon muc Discrete.
Chon xong nhap Open.


Hop thoai Place Part lai xuat hien, tai khung Libraries thay xuat hien muc
DISCRETE, nhap chon muc nay. Tai khung Part nhap chuot vao thanh cuon ben phai, nhap
chon ten R. Chon xong nhap OK. di chuyen con tro ra man hnh lam viec va nhap chuot tai
nhng v tr khac nhau e chon v tr, so lng linh kien.

e lay quang tr chon Place > Part Hop thoai Place part xuat hien, nhap chon R2,
chon xong nhap OK va di chuyen con tro ra man hnh lam viec e nhap chon v tr quang tr.

e lay bien tr chon Place > Part Hop thoai Place part xuat hien, nhap chon
RESISTOR VAR 2, chon xong nhap OK va di chuyen con tro ra man hnh lam viec e nhap
chon v tr linh kien.

e lay cau diode
chon Place > Part Hop
thoai Place part xuat
hien, nhap chon RB152,
chon xong nhap OK va
di chuyen con tro ra
man hnh lam viec e
nhap chon v tr cau
diode.

e lay tu phan cc, chon
Place > Part Hop thoai Place
part xuat hien, nhap chon
CAPACITOR POL, chon xong
nhap OK va di chuyen con tro ra
man hnh lam viec e nhap chon v
tr tu.


Muon lay diode zener, chon Place > Part Hop thoai Place part xuat hien, nhap chon
DIODE ZENER, chon xong nhap OK va di chuyen con tro ra man hnh lam viec e nhap chon
v tr zener.

e lay TRIAC, chon Place > Part Hop thoai Place part xuat hien, nhap chon T2323,
chon xong nhap OK va di chuyen con tro ra man hnh lam viec e nhap chon v tr triac.

e lay cac chan cam, chon Place > Part Hop thoai Place part xuat hien, nhap chon
Add Library

Hop thoai Browse File xuat hien, nhap chuot vao thanh cuon ben di e tm va chon
muc Connector. Chon xong nhap OK.

Hop thoai Place Part xuat
hien, tai khung Libraries nhap chon
muc CONNECTOR. Tai khung Part
nhap chon chan cam can, ay ta
nhap chuot vao ten CON2. Chon xong
nhap OK va di chuyen con tro ra man
hnh lam viec roi nhap chon v tr, so
lng chan cam.


e lay cac Transistor, chon Place > Part Hop thoai Place part xuat hien, nhap chon
Add Library

Hop thoai Browse File xuat hien, nhap chuot vao thanh cuon ben di e tm va chon
muc Transistor. Chon xong nhap OK.

Hop thoai Place Part
xuat hien, tai khung Libraries
nhap chon muc TRANSISTOR.
Tai khung Part nhap chon loai
Transistor ta can, ay ta
nhap chuot vao ten 2N3904.
Chon xong nhap OK va di
chuyen con tro ra man hnh lam
viec roi nhap chon v tr, so
lng transistor.


e lay chan Mass cho mach, hay nhap chuot
vao bieu tng Place ground tren thanh cong cu.

Hop thoai Place Ground xuat hien, tai khung Symbol nhap chon ten
GND_POWER/CAPSYM. Chon xong nhap OK va di chuyen con tro ra man hnh lam viec roi
nhap chon v tr, so lng chan Mass can cho mach.

Sau khi tat ca cac linh kien a c lay ra man hnh lam
viec, e hnh dang linh kien khong xuat hien tai con tro chuot
na, nhap chuot vao bieu tng Select tren thanh cong cu.

Tat ca cac linh kien a lay ra man hnh lam viec nh sau:

Tiep tuc tien hanh sap xep linh kien. Muon di chuyen linh kien, ch viec nhap chuot vao
bieu tng linh kien va re chuot. Muon quay linh kien oi xng qua truc ng, ch viec nhap
chon linh kien roi nhap phai chuot. Mot ca so xuat hien, nhap chuot vao Mirror Horizontally
hay nhan phm H tren ban phm. Muon quay linh kien mot goc 90
o
, ch viec nhap chon linh kien
roi nhap phai chuot, mot ca so xuat hien, nhap chuot vao Rotate hay nhan phm R tren ban
phm. Muon quay linh kien oi xng qua truc nam ngang, nhap chon linh kien roi nhap phai
chuot. Mot ca so xuat hien, nhap chuot vao Mirror Vertically hay nhan phm V tren ban
phm.

Trong khi di chuyen, co khi hai chan linh kien cham nhau. Hop thoai OrCAD Capture
xuat hien rang neu ban muon noi hai chan linh kien nay vi nhau th ban nhap chuot vao nut
OK. Neu ban khong muon noi th ban cung nhap chuot vao nut OK roi nhap chuot vao bieu
tng Undo tren thanh cong cu e di chuyen lai.

Khi di chuyen cac linh kien theo s o nguyen ly, cac linh kien c sap xep nh sau:

Tien hanh noi chan cac linh kien theo s o
nguyen ly. Nhap chon Place > Wire tren thanh cong cu.
Con tro chuot thay oi thanh hnh ch thap, nhap chuot
tai chan linh kien can noi roi di chuyen con tro en
chan linh kien can noi vi no va nhap chuot.

C the tiep tuc cho en khi tat ca cac linh kien c noi theo s o nguyen ly sau:

e thay oi gia tr
linh kien, nhap up chuot
vao gia tr linh kien. Hop
thoai Display Properties
xuat hien, tai khung Value,
nhap gia tr can at cho
linh kien. Nhap gia tr xong
nhap OK.
Sau khi thay oi gia
tr linh kien xong ta co s
o nguyen ly hoan chnh
nh sau:


e kiem tra loi cho s o nguyen ly va
chuyen sang s o mach in, nhap chuot vao bieu
tng Minimize goc phai pha tren man hnh.

Man hnh nh sau xuat hien, tai khung ben trai nhap chon trang PAGE1. Sau o nhap
chuot vao bieu tng Design rules check tren thanh cong cu e kiem tra loi.

Hop thoai Design Rules Check xuat hien, nhap chuot vao nut OK e tien hanh kiem
tra. Neu khong thay thong bao g ngha la mach khong co loi.


Tiep tuc tao tap tin co uoi .mnl e
thiet ke mach in. Nhap chuot vao bieu
tng Create netlist tren thanh cong cu.

Hop thoai Create
netlist xuat hien, nhap
chuot vao Layout, tai khung
Netlist File co the nhap
chuot vao nut Browse e
chon ng dan cho tap tin
c gi vao. Chon xong
nhap OK, (khuyen khong
nen nhap chuot vao nut
Browse e thay oi ng
dan).
Hop thoai OrCAD
Capture xuat hien, ta nhap
chuot vao nut OK e tiep
tuc.

Ta chuyen sang che o thiet ke mach in bang cach chon Start > Programs > OrCAD
Release 9 > Layuot Plus.


Man hnh thiet ke mach in xuat hien,
nhap chuot vao File > New e m mot File
mi.
Hop thoai Load Template File xuat
hien, nhap chuot vao nut Open.

Hop thoai
Load Netlist Source
xuat hien, nhap chon
ten mach can thiet ke
mach in. Chon xong
nhap Open.

Hop thoai Save File As
xuat hien, tai khung File
name, nhap ten can at cho
mach in (tuy chon). Nhap xong
nhap chuot vao nut Save.


Sau mot thi gian ch i, hop thoai nh sau xuat hien. Trong hop thoai Link Footprint
to Component co thong bao la khong the tm thay chan mach in cua R7 co ten la
RESISTOR_VAR_2. V the nen tm chan cho linh kien nay bang cach nhap chuot vao nut Link
existing footprint to component

Hop thoai Footprint for RESISTOR_VAR_2 xuat hien, tai khung Libraries nhap chon
muc JUMPER. Tai khung Footprints nhap chon muc JUMPER 300 e chon chan mach in cho
bien tr nay. Chon xong nhap Ok.


Hop thoai Link Footprint to
Component xuat hien vi thong bao la
khong the tm thay chan mach in cua Q1
co ten la T2323. V the, can tm chan
cho linh kien nay bang cach nhap chuot
vao nut Link existing footprint to
component

Hop thoai Footprint for T2323 xuat hien, tai khung Libraries nhap chon muc TO. Tai
khung Footprints nhap chon muc TO126 e chon chan mach in cho IC. Chon xong nhap Ok.

Hop thoai Link
Footprint to Component
lai xuat hien, ta thay thong
bao la khong the tm thay
chan mach in cua D2 co
ten la DIODE_ZENER. V
the nen ta tm chan cho linh
kien nay bang cach nhap
chuot vao nut Link
existing footprint to
component


Hop thoai
Footprint for
DIODE_ZENER
xuat hien, tai
khung Libraries
nhap chon muc
JUMPER. Tai
khung
Footprints nhap
chon muc
JUMPER100 e
chon chan mach
in cho ZENER.
Chon xong nhap
Ok.

Hop thoai Link
Footprint to Component
tiep tuc xuat hien thong
bao la khong the tm thay
chan mach in cua C1 co ten
la CAPACITOR_POL. V
the nen phai tm chan cho
linh kien nay bang cach
nhap chuot vao nut Link
existing footprint to
component

Hop thoai
Footprint for
CAPACITOR_POL
xuat hien, tai khung
Libraries nhap
chon muc
JUMPER. Tai
khung Footprints
nhap chon muc
JUMPER200 e
chon chan mach in
cho TU. Chon xong
nhap Ok.


Hop thoai Link Footprint to
Component xuat hien thong bao la
khong the tm thay chan mach in cua D1
co ten la RB152. V the nen tm chan
cho linh kien nay bang cach nhap chuot
vao nut Link existing footprint to
component

Hop thoai Footprint for RB152 xuat hien, tai khung Libraries nhap chon muc
BCON100T. Tai khung Footprints nhap chon muc BCON100T/VH/TM1SQ/W.100/4 e chon
chan mach in cho cau diode. Chon xong nhap Ok.

Hop thoai
Link Footprint to
Component lai xuat
hien thong bao khong
the tm thay chan
mach in cua R8 co
ten la R2. V the nen
phai tm chan cho linh
kien nay bang cach
nhap chuot vao nut
Link existing
footprint to
component


Hop
thoai Footprint
for R2 xuat
hien, tai khung
Libraries nhap
chon muc
JUMPER. Tai
khung
Footprints
nhap chon muc
JUMPER200
e chon chan
mach in cho
quang tr.
Chon xong nhap
Ok.

Trong hop thoai
Link Footprint to
Component co thong
bao la khong the tm
thay chan mach in cua
Q3 co ten la 2N3904. V
the nen can tm chan
cho linh kien nay bang
cach nhap chuot vao nut
Link existing footprint
to component

Hop thoai
Footprint for 2N3904
xuat hien, tai khung
Libraries nhap chon muc
TO. Tai khung Footprints
nhap chon muc TO202AB
e chon chan mach in cho
Transistor. Chon xong
nhap Ok.

Sau khi chon chan cho cac linh kien, cac linh kien trong s o mach in nh sau:

Tien hanh sap xep cac linh kien. e khong b gii han bi khung mach in co san, nhap
chuot vao bieu tng Reconnect Mode tren thanh cong cu.

Tiep tuc nhap chuot vao bieu tng linh kien va re chuot en v tr can at linh kien roi
nhap chuot. Muon quay linh kien mot goc 90
o
nhap chon bieu tng linh kien roi nhap phai
chuot, mot ca so xuat hien, nhap chuot vao Rotate hay nhan phm R tren ban phm.
Sau khi sap xep xong ta co cac linh kien c sap xep trong mach nh sau:

e ve khung gii han cho mach in, nhap chuot vao bieu tng Obstacle Tool tren thanh
cong cu.


Con tro chuot thay oi hnh dang, nhap chuot tai mot iem can at cho khung gii han,
di chuyen con tro en iem can at khac va nhap chuot. C the tiep tuc cho en khi khung
mach in hoan chnh nh sau:

Sau khi khung gii han mach in hoan
thanh, e thoat khoi lenh nay, hay nhap phai
chuot, mot ca so xuat hien, nhap chuot vao
End Command.

e chon lp cho chng trnh chay
mach in, nhap chuot vao bieu tng hnh caro
(View Spreadsheet) tren thanh cong cu. Mot
ca so xuat hien, nhap chon Strategy >
Route Layer.

Hop thoai Route Layer xuat hien, nhap chon tai tat ca cac o trong cot Enable, dong
BOTTOM, INNER1, INNER2. Chon xong nhap phai chuot, mot ca so xuat hien, nhap chon
Properties.

8
D d kho nhin thi ban nn n Layer 23 AST di bng cach:
An ShiIt 3 -, th la Layer nay s n di, va trng man hinh d ri hon
nhiu.
Khi dt linh kin, khng phai luc nao dt linh kin xa nhau thi tt du.
Nu trong mach cua bac co nhiu ngun hay nhiu chuc nng nhu digital va
analog thi cac linh kin cua cung nhom nn dt gn nhau hon so voi dt voi
nhom khac chu khng phai trai du trn board la tt. Cac ban co th nho
may tu dt linh kin bng cach vao Auto\Place\board. Sau mt hi sp xp
thi cac ban co th duoc nhu th nay.
Trong khi sp xp linh kin co th ban mun co cac mang luoi d d
xac dinh vi tri.Chon Option -~ System setting -~ Visible Grid 2,
RoutingGrid 10,Via Grid 0. Kt qua s duoc.
9
Truoc khi routing, cac ban nn chinh mt s thng s: Nhu d rng
cua duong mach, khoang cach giua cac duong mach. Mun thay di cac
thng s nay cac ban lam nhu sau.
Vao View Spreadsheet\Nets\Bi den tt ca\
Ti s giai thich thm cho cac ban d hiu: Min Width, Conn Width,
Max Width la d rng cua Net mach in. Cac ban khng nn d 3 cai nay co
cung gia tri vi nhu th no s bi cung nhc trong cach di mach. May s tu
dng chinh d rng cua Net, khi it dt thi no chon Min, khi nhiu dt no
chon Max. Nhu th linh hoat hon.
V vn d routing: Ti khuyn cac ban nn di bng tay, chu dung d
auto. Vi khi d auto, may chay khng thng minh lm nn co th tao ra
nhung duong mach ht suc lon ngon, ti thi thuong kt hop ca di mach
bng tay va di mach bng auto. Khi di mach bng auto, nu thy doan nay
lon ngon thi ban di bng tay, nguyn tc chi don gian vy thi. Chay mt
hi thi cac ban s co kt qua nhu th nay. Dung cng cu Obstacle Tool d v
duong bao quanh.
10
D d dng thi ban lam nhu sau:
Chon Obstacle Tool,right-click vao man hinh va chon New -
>properties -~hin ra hp thoai Edit Obstacle.Trong phn Obstacle type
chn Copper pour. Trong Net attackment la phn ma ban mun lin kt
(VD Ground or Power)-~OK.( Ban lam buoc nay nu mun phn d dng
dinh vao mt chn nao do trong linh kin).
11
Trong vi du nay ti chi d dng:
Khi d dng, co nhung ch ban khng vua long nhu trn hinh v. Ban
tin hanh cac buoc nhu sau d loai bo cac phn do di:
Chon Obstacle Tool.
Phai chut vao man hinh chon New.
Ctrl E.( Chon cac thng s nhu hinh duoi).
Chon Anti Copper.
12
V mt khung hinh chu nht xung quanh cac vung mun bo dng.
Sau khi chon sau cac vung mun bo dng, cac ban chon toan b phn
d dng, Ctrl E, Kich vao nut chon : Do not Fill Beyond Obstacle
edge. Th la Oke.
Trong do:
Anti-copper: tuc la k co copper khu vuc ban mun dt no.
Copper pour va copper area s tao ra mt khu vuc dng ngay vung
ban mun.
D thm ti mau me, nhu mun tn minh o trong ban mach chng han.
Ban chon Text, kich phai chut chon New, vit tn vao, ri tin hanh lai
buoc d dng.( Nu in bng may thi n ri, con nu lam mach bng tay,
dung ban la ui thi cai Text nay ban phai vit Mirror lai, thi khi ui xong s
khng bi nguoc.)
Ban co th thm my cai l khoan nua chon Component Tool New
-> Add Component ->Footprint v chn L khoan tu thu vin -~OK.Cac
goc con lai lam tuong tu.
Dy la hinh anh sau khi hoan thin:
13
Nu ban mun kt hop nhiu mach in nm trn nhiu Iile *.max lai d
chung nm trn 1 Iile thi ban lam nhu sau:
Mo Iile max1 Tool\Dimension\Move datum\ dua con tro toi vi tri
goc trai bn duoi.
Mo Iile max1 Tool\Dimension\Move datum\ dua con tro toi vi tri
goc trai bn trn.
Ri vao File\load\chon Merger board (*.max) ri chon Iile max1\Yes.
No s xut hin 2 Iile trn mt Iile, nhung co vai duong mau vang
xut hin, cai nay khng sao du vi khi ta ghep 2 Iile max vao mt thi tn 1
s linh kin trung nhau nn xut hin cac net mau vang nay. D loai bo vn
d nay ban vao Connection Tool\ phai chut\ delete\ chon duong mau vang \
Oke.... Kt qua s nhu sau:
14
III./Lm mch in.
D lam duoc mach in thi ban phai mang Iile *.max nay dua cho cua
hang lam mach in th la xong, nhung di voi sinh vin hay nghich ngom thi
cha nh xut ngay chay ra hang lam mach in, nu gn thi khng sao chu xa
thi cung rach vic ra pht, lai con phai doi 2, 3 ngay moi ly duoc, chua k
la tin dt mach in cung kha dt. Ti xin gioi thiu cac ban cach tu lam mach
in thu cng bng tay (HAND MADE).
Truoc ht ban phai in ban v cua minh ra mt to giy co mt mt
bong d d ui. Vn d lam sao d in duoc cung tn kha nhiu thoi gian va
bai vit trn cac din dan, ho tranh lun si ni lm. Nu ban co may in sn
ri thi moi vic d qua don gian ri, con nu ban khng co may in thi sao?
Mang Iile *.max cua minh ra hang in ah ? duoc dy nhung dau mt ni la
khng phai hang in nao cung cai Orcad, vy thi lam sao dy. Mt cng cu v
cung don gian la xut cai Iile *.max y sang *.pdI, cai dui nay qua thng
dung ri dung khng, di du in cha co.
vy d in Iile *.max sang *.pdI ban cn gi ? do la mt cai may in ao,
khi ban cai mt s phn mm vao thi no s tu xut hin mt cai may in ao.
Cai nay kha hay, no giup ban chuyn di mt s *.* sang *.pdI.
Ti xin gioi thiu voi ban mt s phn mm d tao may in ao nhe:
Ban co th dung Acrobat Iull Pro, pdI4Iree, pdIFacto, ... nhiu lm khng
nho ht duoc, my cai nay ln mang kim duoc ca nui. Ti thi dung Solid
Converter PdI, cai nay ngoai chuc nng convert sang PdI con co chuc nng
convert tu pdI word, nn ti dung cai nay.
By gio chung ta bt du lam mach in thi, cai nay duoc mt dan anh
trn din dan ??? vit kha r, ti xin gioi thiu voi cac ban:
Hin nay vic thit k v ch tao mach din l mt cng vic
kh kh khn v tn km di vi gii sinh vin v nhng ngui ham
15
m din t. L do chnh l chi ph d sn xut don chic kh ln.
Hm nay ti mun gii thiu vi cc ban mt phuong php ch to
mach th cng m ai cng c th lm duoc vi chi ph cuc r chi
5.000d cho 1 dm2, trong khong thi gian 30'' (khng k thi gian
thit k v khoan l).
- Nguyn tc:
Ban s dung mt my in laser bt ky d in bn v mach (*.PCB) bn
v duoc thit k trn Auto CAD, OrCAD, hay nhu ti s dung bn
Protel 99 SE. Sau d s dung bn l d l chy muc ra v muc s
bm vo b mt dng t d chng ta c duoc bn in trn mt dng.
T dy ban dua mach di n mn sau d dng du pha son d lau
lp muc di. Vy l xong ban d c mt tm mach in cuc nt. Cng
vic cn lai chi l khoan l v ph Solder Mask l hon thnh mt
sn phm thuong mai.
Ai trong chng ta nu nghin cu v PCB du d nghe ni dn
phuong php ny tuy nhin hiu qu th khng duoc nhu v giy in
nh khng phi l r v kh c th mua mt vi t. Trong khi d
trong phuong php ny giy in l dim mu cht. Yu cu chnh ca
loai giy ny l phi c d bng cn thit d c th nh muc d dng
sau khi ngm nuc.
Sau mt thi gian th nghim ti d tm duoc mt loai giy cuc ky
thch hop cho phuong php trn m gi thnh chi l 250d 1 t A4 d
chnh l giy mu th cng cao cp ca Hng H. Loai giy m mt
sau c k caro mt truc th rt bng v c nhiu loai mu. Ban c
th mua duoc vi gi 2.500d mt tp 10 t.
Sau khi in l v ngm nuc ban s khng th ng duoc kt qu thu
duoc lai tuyt vi nhu th tht su khng khc g bn in laser. Tuy vy
d khi l muc khng bj nho ban nn d my in ch d in mjn nht,
d phn gii cao nht, v dc bit l phi d ch d tit kim
muc(ch khng phi l in dm nht nhu trang web no d ni v nhu
th khi ban p ln tm dng v l th muc s bj nho).
im quan trong th 2 d l thi gian l (cn nhit d l th lun l
max) Khi tin hnh l ln giy ban s thy muc ngm nguoc tr lai
mt sau ca giy v th ban hy l 4 gc truc sau d l 4 canh ri
djch vo gia khi no tt c cc dung mach du in nguoc tr lai l
Oke. Chi khong 5''
Tip theo ban dem tm dng dang nng d th ngay vo nuc v chi
sau 2'' ban c th bc giy ra kt qu khng khc g ban in truc tip
bng my laser. Nhng phn giy cn bm lai hy ly bn chi m
dnh hoc dng tay ch tr phi tay ban bng nox.
16
Khu n mn theo nhu nhng g ti d th th dung djch hop l nht
l pha theo t l sau:
HCl 35%= 1 phn -- H2O2=1 phn -- H2O = 5 phn
(Ti tin cc ban bit H2O2 l ci g)
Hoc cc ban c th dng St clorua .
- Cch thuc hin: c 03 cch
1/ S dung 1 ci chu c kch thuc d ln hon din tch tm mach
in, khong 20cm x 30cm (chu nhua l tt nht), d dung djch n
mn vo khong 5cm dn 10cm tnh t dy chu, sau d nhe nhng
dt p tm mach in ln trn b mt dung djch trong chu (phn mt
dng quay xung dui), nu tm mach in dang kh ro v th dng
cch th tm mach in s ni bn trn b mt dung djch, sau 10 dn
15 pht hoc cc bc dt chu ngoi sng th s thy r l mach
d n mn va ht chua d vt ra v ra lai bng nuc cho tht
sach, nn trnh d dung djch dnh vo tay, nu cc bc d th thy
dung djch FeCl3 khi roi vi xung dt th si bot nhu axit chm bnh
vy, nhung l c dnh 1 cht cng khng sau chi cn ra tay bng
nuc sach l ok ri, nu dnh thung xuyn th ci tay s vng vng
ging nhu bj dnh............C.................lorua Fe vy.
2/ Cng dng ci chu nhu trn nhung ln ny dt tm mach in vo
truc v dt nga mt dng ln trn sau d rt dung djch n mn
vo chu cho ngp ht tm mach in khong 2 dn 3 cm l duoc, sau
d cm vo 1 bn thnh chu dc ln...dc xung...cho dung djch
chay qua chay lai....1-2....1-2....1-2.... khong 5 pht l cc bc s
thy tm mach duoc n mn ht. Cch ny rt nhanh v cn rt t
dung djch nhung mi ti phi ngi d ri dc ln dc xung....
3/ Cch cui cng cng l cch bao luc nht c th dng d sn xut
17
hng loat d canh tranh vi KTaudio, dng 01 ci thng to khng b
tuy vo s luong mach mun ra 1 lc, lm 1 ci rack ging nhu ci
rack d da CD d dung dng cc tm mach in gn st nhau, cch
nhau khong 1 cm l va, d dung djch cho ngp ht cc ming
mach in dang duoc gi thng dng trong thng, sau d dt 1 ci
my bom nuc mini loai dt trong h c cnh cho n khuy dng v
di luu dung djch trong thng, trong thi gian d .....bao nhiu th tu
cc bc cng s xc djnh duoc nu lm th. Cch ny c uu dim l
nhanh nht trong 03 cch nhung chi thch hop vi mach in duoc son
hay in lua m khng thch hop vi mach in v bng bt lng v n d
manh d lm tri lun lp muc d v v kt qu nhn duoc s l 01
tm mach inh cch din tt nhu bakelit.
IV./ Gn l|nh kin.
Ban hy dung mui khoan nhu sau:
0.8 ly: khoan R,C,IC
1 ly: khoan jum
3 ly: khoan l bt c
Khi ban in mach xong thi cac l khoan co chm tron trng ngay tm cac linh
kin, ban hy khoan ngay l do thi khi han mach s dep
M hn
Thic hn
Vt cn hn
ua m hn vo dim cn hn. im tip xc d ln d c th d lm nng
dim cn hn trong vng 1 dn 2 giy.
ua thic hn vo dim cn hn. luong thic chy ra va d bao ph dim
cn hn. Ly thic v m hn ra khi dim cn hn.
Mi hn xu
Mi hn tt
Mi hn tt c d bng v mit st vo board mach v chn linh kin. Mi hn
xu c th cng bng nhung khng mit st vo chn linh kin. Nhng mi hn
ny sau mt thi gian s bi lng hoc gy nhiu cho mach.
Trn dy l mt s buc d hn. mi hn dep nn s dung loai thic tt
(khng s dung loai cun 2500 dng v thic ny qu nhiu nhua thng, nn s
dung thic ca Singapore). M hn nn mua loai thng thung khong 40W,
12000 dn 18000 dng ri mua mt mi khng mn thay vo (5000 dng tai
Nng) s c duoc mt m hn tt nhu m hn 40000 dng. Chc cc ban
thnh cng vi nhiu mi hn dep, chc.
Thn i.
Board mach

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