Bladder stones

One of the most common urologic diseases.

It occurs mainly in men and
boys. Bladder stones are found
in individuals of all ages, but most
common in children 1-6 years old and,
old age (after 50 years). Stones
urinary bladder are both single and multiple,
have different shapes, sizes
and mass.
The etiology and pathogenesis. Stones can
formed in the bladder
or descend into it from the kidneys. In a quandary
outflow of urine, or because of their size
retained stones in the bladder and increase
layers due to urinary
salts. The reasons for favoring the formation of stones in the bladder are: chronic Piste. especially in alkaline
urine outflow of long-term difficulties
urine in the adenoma and carcinoma of the prostate
cancer, urethral strictures,
diverticula, tumors, trauma of the urinary
bladder and urethra,
atony of the bladder, some organic
diseases of the central nervous system.
Bladder stones by chemical
composition are urate, phosphate,
oxalate and mixed.
Diagnosis. Pain in the bladder,
perineum, dysuria, intermittent stream
urine, and sometimes short-term acute retention
urine, hematuria (terminal), while
infection - pyuria. Pain in the bladder and
urging to urinate in the amplified
movement and subsides at rest. In small
stones, when the patient urinates standing up,
there is a symptom of "lay" of the jet
urine, ie, the sudden cessation of urination
due to the fact that the stone was wedged
in the bladder neck and fully
closes the output of urine. Cystoscopy -
the main method of diagnosis of urinary stones
bladder. Often the stone can be determined
beak metal tools (buzh.
catheter, or a special stylus kamnepskatel)
introduced into the bladder. An important method of
diagnosis of bladder stones is an overview
radiography, cystography with contrast
bladder with oxygen
or oxygen and liquid radiopaque substance.
Treatment. There are two widely recognized method of treatment
bladder stones - lithoclasty or tsisgolitotripsiya and lithotomy,
or tsistolitotomiya. To dissolve the stones
used a mixture of nitrate, as well as drugs
magurlit (Hungary), blemaren (GDR)
and others under the control of the reaction of urine, which
in this case should be alkaline
(PH 6,2-6,8). "