PC-SRD GoFER

User's manual for finite-element GoFER in PC-SRD 9.04

4-July-14
Copyright 2014 Computational Dynamics Ltd., "CD-adapco"
Contents
1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Two GoFERs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Using finite elements with PC-SRD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1 Switching off the end-effects in PC-SRD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. The Unimesh GoFER [Ctrl+L]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1 Installation and operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2 Step-by-step process to run the Unimesh GoFER directly from PC-SRD. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Step 1 setting up the Unimesh boundary nodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Step 2 run Analysis | Dynamic Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Step 3 selecting the Unimesh GoFER option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Step 4 Running the PC-FEA MGC calculator, FEA-SR-MGC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Step 5 Checking the results with Tools | MatchMGC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3 Running the Unimesh GoFER via SPUD.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.5 Troubleshooting.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.5 The FE Results Viewer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.6 The MGC Viewer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4. File formats used by the FEA-SR-MGC Magnetization Curve Calculator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
The FEASRD.BH file.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
The FEASRMGC.INI file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
The FESRD.INI file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5. The FE Link GoFER [F11]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.1 Single load point GoFER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.2 Mag. curves GoFER.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.3 i-psi GoFER.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER Introduction Page 1
1. Introduction
1.1 Two GoFERs
PC-SRD has two GoFERs:
(a) Unimesh GoFER [Ctrl+L] drives the FEA-SR-MGC process for the automatic computation of the
magnetization curves (i, R curves), or a limited number of points on these curves, in a format that
can be read back directly into PC-SRD.
The motor model for finite-element analysis is defined using the Unimesh tabbed page in PC-
SRDs OUTLINE EDITOR. The .GDF file format is not used. The FE computations are performed
1
automatically by an optimised and embedded version of PC-FEA 1, SPEEDs finite-element
program. These computations include the meshing, the solution of the magnetostatic field
equations, and the post-processing of the results.
The Unimesh GoFER works in conjunction with the Tools | Match MGC facility in PC-SRD, which
permits the comparison of PC-SRD's magnetization curves with those generated by finite-element
analysis, and the rapid adjustment of the PC-SRD curves when necessary.
Alternatively it can be run via SPUD.
2
(b) FE Link GoFER [F11]. This GoFER uses the .GDF file format to transfer data from PC-SRD to the
finite-element program. In common with the other motor design programs, it is designed to
facilitate the creation of links with third-party finite-element programs. It is also designed to
work with SPEED's PC-FEA 2 and 5 programs, which are more advanced than the PC-FEA 1 used
with the Unimesh GoFER. However, the automatic calculation of magnetization curves (or of
particular points on them), and the return of FE data to PC-SRD, are not developed as they are
for the Unimesh GoFER.
The operation of both these GoFERs is described in this manual. Please also see the PC-SRD reference
manual, especially Re-align mag curves and Finite-element links.
Note that this limits FEA-SR-MGC to geometries currently available in PC-SRD. The FEA-SR-MGC process cannot handle motors
1
with multiple teeth on the stator poles, i.e. Ntp >1, or motors with D1s=0 or D2s=0, or motors with irregular or special pole
geometries. For special cases, contact the SPEED Laboratory.
After completing the installation you may need to configure SPUD, i.e., to specify the directory where the FEASRMGC.exe
2
program is installed. Follow the instructions in the WinSPEED manual (or the on-line help in SPUD).
Page 2 Using finite elements with PC-SRD PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
Fig. 1 Adjusting the magnetization curves of phase flux-linkage vs. current. Simple finite-element
calculations can be used to adjust key points such as the three "magic points" U,S and A.
2. Using finite elements with PC-SRD
Finite-element results can be used in three main ways:
A. To check particular points on the magnetization curves, for example, the three "magic points"
U,S, and A in Fig. 1. With the simplest internal magnetization curve models PC-SRD calculates
only the three points U, S and A. These points can be calculated quickly using FE analysis, and
3
then adjusted via the adjustment factors XLau, Xim, XPsim, XLu, etc. This approach is
efficient and requires very little number-crunching time with the finite-element program.
B. To calculate complete sets of external magnetization curves for use with PC-SRD. This is a time-
consuming operation, even with the fastest finite-element programs. Moreover, there is no hope
of accurate results if a 2D finite-element solver is used, because of end-effects. A compromise
solution is to use a 2D finite-element solution and to add PC-SRDs internally generated end-effect
factors using the Re-align function.
C. The [F11] GoFER has a powerful set of analysis capabilities including the ability to calculate
with current in several phases at the same time. It uses PC-FEA 5.5 and is compatible with the
i-psi GoFER in PC-BDC.
2.1 Switching off the end-effects in PC-SRD
For comparison with 2D FE calculations, the end-effects can be switched off in PC-SRD by setting
ETFCalc = Off & Lss. This is legitimate when optimizing the shape of a lamination, but the end-effects
should be switched on again before running Dynamic design or any other Analysis procedure.
The U,S,A points are important in the sense of confirming the boundary within which the energy
conversion loop will lie. The more accurate they are, the less likely it is that there will be an error in the
basic sizing of the machine.
When adjusting the A point, it is advisable to try to arrange the FE solution so that adjustments can be
made via Xim rather than XPsim, because the core losses are calculated from flux-densities derived from
the corrected value of Psim and therefore it is not advisable to vary XPsim far from 1.
PC-SRD fits straight lines OU and OS, and a parabola SA, and interpolates all other points.
3
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER The Unimesh GoFER Page 3
Fig. 2 Unimesh GoFER process running from PC-SRD
Fig. 3 Unimesh GoFER process running via SPUD
3. The Unimesh GoFER [Ctrl+L]
3.1 Installation and operation
The Unimesh GoFER is installed automatically as part of a full SPEED installation from CD. It can be
run directly from PC-SRD using [Ctrl+L] or Tools | GoFER Unimesh, Fig. 2. Alternatively it can be run
from SPUD using the FE Link button, Fig. 3.
(a) When the Unimesh GoFER is run directly from PC-SRD, finite-element values of (i, R) or complete
magnetization curves can be viewed within PC-SRD and/or imported into PC-SRD. The magnetic
field plot can also be viewed using Tools|FEA viewer. In the GoFER [Ctrl+L], Run FEA-SR-MGC
should be checked. See Fig. 5.
(b) When running via SPUD (Fig. 3), the FE Link button runs PC-SRD to write the unimesh transfer
files and then runs FEA-SR-MGC. The FE Results button provides facilities for (a) executing PC-
FEAs postprocessor to view the magnetic flux plot, (b) viewing the *.mgc file of (i, R) data
(magnetization curves or points on magnetization curves), and (c) viewing the magnetization
curves themselves. The magnetization curve data can subsequently be imported into PC-SRD
by means of the Re-align mag curves procedure. Run FEA-SR-MGC should be unchecked in the
GoFER in PC-SRD in this case, Fig. 5. [Use Ctrl+L to change it].
Page 4 The Unimesh GoFER PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
Fig. 4 Unimesh nodes in the OUTLINE EDITOR
Fig. 5 Unimesh GoFER
3.2 Step-by-step process to run the Unimesh GoFER directly from PC-SRD
Step 1 setting up the Unimesh boundary nodes
Use the tabbed page in the OUTLINE EDITOR to adjust the distribution of boundary nodes where necessary,
Fig. 4. The parameters are defined in 3 of the PC-SRD manual. Set FELinkID = PCFEA.
Step 2 run Analysis | Dynamic Design.
This is necessary to determine the correct current-densities to be assigned in the slots in the finite-
element calculation.
Step 3 selecting the Unimesh GoFER option
Press Tools | GoFER (UniMesh), or [Ctrl+L]. PC-SRD displays the GoFER dialog, Fig. 5. The example
uses the "USA points" option. (See Fig. 1). The specification of the other points is given in Table 1. Note
that Run FEASRMGC is checked in Fig. 5, because we are running from PC-SRD and the intention is to
run the entire process, not just to write FE transfer files.
The PC-FEA button starts a GoFER which uses the latest version of PC-FEA so that you can run the
process and see the intermediate stages. It uses the same boundary nodes as FEASRMGC, but it goes
straight to PC-FEA with no intermediate .gdf file. It produces the same files as the FEASRMGC program
(.MGC, .USA etc), but uses the *.srd design filename instead of FLU_LIN in Table 1.
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER The Unimesh GoFER Page 5
Fig. 6 Progress of Unimesh GoFER
Fig. 7 FEASRMGC : pause
Fig. 8 FESRD.ini editor
Step 4 Running the PC-FEA MGC calculator, FEA-SR-MGC
All the required points are calculated automatically by the FEA-SR-MGC program, Fig. 6, which displays
its progress as the calculation proceeds.
If Pause is checked in Fig. 5, FEARSMGC pauses, Fig. 7. Click on the filename if you wish to edit
FESRD.ini, which is the setup file for the Unimesh process. This is shown in Fig. 8. The contents of
the FESRD.ini file are described on p. 16.
Page 6 The Unimesh GoFER PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
Fig. 9 The U,S,A points computed by PC-FEA are superimposed on PC-SRD's magnetization curves in the
Match MGC window. The U point is computed at the same current im as the A point; this current
results from the particular choice of Bm. Likewise the S point is defined by the choice of Bs.
Step 5 Checking the results with Tools | MatchMGC
Use [Ctrl+F11] to open the MatchMGC window, Fig. 9. The File|Open dialog will open, and the correct
results file must be selected according to the right-most column of Table 1. The agreement between PC-
FEA and PC-SRD is usually good at the S and A points on the aligned magnetization curve, but there is
a noticeable discrepancy at the U point because of the end-effects (which are not switched off in the PC-
SRD magnetization curves in this example). The tabbed page "Parameters" can be used to make
adjustments (e.g., set ETFCalc = Off & Lss to remove the end-effect factors and make PC-SRD do a 2-
dimensional calculation). Run PC-SRD again with [Ctrl+2] to see the effect of adjustments.
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER The Unimesh GoFER Page 7
Fig. 10 Tools | Match MGC : with FE_Ni ' 30, aligned
curve only
Fig. 11 Tools | Match MGC : A slight adjustment is made
to the internally-calculated aligned curve, with
Bs and XLau
Fig. 10 shows another example, in which the entire aligned curve is calculated by finite-elements with
30 points. In Fig. 4, set the rotor position to the aligned position (press [A]), and set Fe_Ni ' 30. Then
set iHi = 40 A in Ted/1, and run the Unimesh GoFER (Fig. 5) with 6. Do mag. curves up to ihi. The result
is shown in Fig. 10 using Tools | MatchMGC, and loading the file FLU_LIN.MGC.
Fig. 11 shows the adjustment of the aligned curve by means of modifications to Bs and XLau, which are
found on the Parameters tab. Fig. 1 shows the effect of the adjustment parameters.
4
When MagCurv = UG98 or UG98/X, the adjustment parameters are found on the UG98 tab.
4
Page 8 The Unimesh GoFER PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
Fig. 12 Unimesh nodes and regions
Option
(Fig. 5)
Current in phase 1
(Coilsides C,F in Fig. 12)
Current in phase 2
(Coilsides D,E in Fig. 12)
Rotor
position(s)
FE results
filename
5
m
1 Do U point i 0 Unaligned FLU_LIN.U
s
2 Do S point i 0 Aligned FLU_LIN.S
m
3 Do A point i 0 Aligned FLU_LIN.A
4 Do U, S, A
points
m s
i for U and A; i for S 0 Unaligned and
Aligned
FLU_LIN.USA
5 Do mag curves
up to iY^
1
If FE_NCi = 1, I is
stepped from 0 to Iph1
iHi in FE_Ni equal
increments
2
I is kept constant at
Iph2 iHi.
Fixed at Angle FLU_LIN.MGC
1
If FE_NCi > 1, I is
stepped from 0 to iY^ in
FE_Ni equal increments.
0 Varied in
FE_NCi equal
steps from
unaligned to
aligned
(inclusive)
6 Do mag curves
up to iHi
1
I is stepped from 0 to
Iph1 iHi in FE_Ni
equal increments
2
I is kept constant at
Iph2 iHi.
FLU_LIN.MGC
Table 1
Options available with the Unimesh finite-element process [Ctrl+L] in PC-SRD

Notes
iHi is the set-point current of the current regulator in the drive (PC-SRD/Ted). The three "magic points" U, S, A
are defined in Fig. 1. Iph1 and Iph2 are scaling factors for the currents in phase 1 and phase 2 respectively. Use
the Unimesh editor (tabbed page in OUTLINE EDITOR) to edit them.
Option 5 in Fig. 5 and Table 1 generates a set of magnetization curves all of which have approximately the same
m
maximum flux-linkage (close to R ). To achieve this, PC-SRD calculates an array of currents iY^ such that for each
rotor position the maximum current will produce approximately the same maximum flux-linkage. The value of
NCi in Ted must be equal to FE_NCi in the Unimesh editor.
In contrast with option 5, the curves obtained with option 6 all have the same maximum current iHi.
These results files are produced by the PC-FEA program. They follow PC-SRDs .MGC file format and can be read by PC-SRDs
5
"re-alignment" procedure (see the PC-SRD 8.8 manual). However, those with extension .A, .U, .S and .USA contain too few points
for PC-SRDs re-alignment procedure.
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER The Unimesh GoFER Page 9
Fig. 14 Use this window to annotate the FE results. The text will
be saved in a README.TXT file in the FE results directory.
Fig. 13 MGC Calculator
3.3 Running the Unimesh GoFER via SPUD
The Unimesh boundary node distribution must be prepared in PC-SRD's
OUTLINE EDITOR in just the same way as on p. 4, except that Run FEASRMGC
should be unchecked in the GoFER, Fig. 5. The Run button is replaced by the
Write button. Press the Write button to write the files. Then in SPUD, press
the FE Link 9button. Fig. 13 appears. Press OK; then the process proceeds
6
as reported in Fig. 6.
First, the meshes are automatically generated, one for each rotor position.
The next stage is the solution at every current level for each rotor position in
turn. The final stage is post-processing, i.e., the calculation of flux-linkage
values.
Before running option 5 or option 6 in Fig. 5, it is recommended to run one of the simpler options to make
sure that there are no problems with the mesh or the solution (or even the steel B/H data). A process of
intermediate complexity is to run with FE_Nci = 1 and only a small value (e.g. 5) for Fe_Ni; or vice versa.
This will help to avoid long delays or wasted results before embarking on large jobs such as the
computation of a full set of magnetization curves.
All the necessary files are produced and managed automatically by the software. However, if desired,
experienced users may change some of the FE setup data, such as the factors for the automatic meshing,
the current densities, the B/H curves etc, before starting the FE computations. To do this the text files
of the type .BH and .INI (see p. 14) have to be edited by means of a text editor.
After successful completion, a message window will be displayed stating that the FE analysis was
successful and stating the total elapsed time. After pressing the OK button in this window you will be
asked if you wish to save the analysis result files. If the answer is YES the results will be saved under
your PC-SRD directory in a subdirectory called FEResxx, where xx is a consecutive number: for
example, after running 3 analyses the subdirectory name will be FERes3. At this stage also the window
shown in Fig. 14 opens to allow you to input the text of a README.TXT file which will be saved in the same
directory with the FE results. This file can be used to identify and annotate the results.
The FE results are also saved in
the FEA-SRD directory and this is
the location from where the FE
results are viewed using the
procedure described in the next
section. Therefore, even if you
choose to answer NO to the
question "Do you want to save the
FE results?" you will be still able
to view the results, provided that
in the meantime you do not
overwrite the old files in the FEA-
SRD directory by running another
set of FE computations.

Right-click the FE Analysis button in SPUD to ensure that the selected FE analysis program is PC-FEA.
6
Page 10 The Unimesh GoFER PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
Fig. 15 Poor distribution of boundary nodes in the
Unimesh page of the OUTLINE EDITOR
Fig. 16 Good distribution of boundary nodes, producing a rather fine mesh
3.5 Troubleshooting
Probably the most frequent errors that can be encountered are related to the pre-processing. In such a
situation the program will typically "hang up" in the meshing stage and finally an error will be reported.
The first thing to be done in this case is to go back to PC-SRD and check the geometry and the Unimesh
nodes displayed in the OUTLINE EDITOR.
The general idea is to get the boundary nodes well distributed in such a way that the mesh generator can
easily create a mesh in which no triangle has an angle much above 100E. Fig. 15 shows an example of a
poor distribution of boundary nodes that is almost certain to lead to meshing problems.
In this example at least 6 nodes should be applied along the side of the rotor pole: N:R-pole = 6.
Difficulties can sometimes arise with the Covered and Uncovered node distributions if the poles are
almost the same width. Use the zoom facility to examine the distribution and adjust it if necessary. A
good example (giving a fairly fine mesh) is shown in Fig. 16.
Sometimes the mesh generator can "just make it" if the MaxAngle parameter in the FEASRMGC.INI file
is "relaxed" from its default value to a slightly higher value.
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER The Unimesh GoFER Page 11
Fig. 17 The FE Results viewer
Fig. 18 Files for different current levels can be accessed via the drop-down list
Fig. 19 Data panel at the bottom of the post-processor display gives point and region values
3.5 The FE Results Viewer
The FE Results 8button in SPUD opens the "FE Results" window, Fig. 17. The right-hand box shows the
values of current and flux-linkage in this case, a single position with 30 current values, Fig. 10.
The Combined plot button opens PC-FEA's post-processor. Fig. 21 shows an example of a mesh and Fig.
22 of a flux-plot. These views can be obtained by checking Mesh Draw and Zone Paint in the control panel,
Fig. 20. The initial display shows flux lines superimposed on a colour map of flux-density, obtained with
the ZonePaint and LineDraw boxes and the *B* radio button checked. The solution data is stored in the
FEA-SRD directory in a file whose name is displayed at the top left; (typical name, SRMES1.MES), Fig. 18.
The rotor position, and the current density in the excited slots are also shown.
To determine local values of the magnetic field, left-click at the desired point; the local values are given
in the data panel at the bottom, Fig. 19. A table is displayed at the bottom of the screen showing the
values of the x, y coordinates, the magnetic vector potential, the modulus of the flux-density, the
cartesian and polar components of the flux-density, the area of the respective element, the region number
and its total surface area, and the average value of the magnetic vector potential over that region. All
values are in SI units apart from length and area, which are in mm and mm respectively.
2
Page 12 The Unimesh GoFER PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
Fig. 20 Control panel
Zooming is active at all times by clicking the left-hand mouse button and
then dragging. Pressing the right-hand mouse button restores the previous
figure. You can also control the graphical view through the Auto, Back,
Zoom Scale & Redraw controls. The total number of nodes (vertices) Nvt
and the total number of triangles Ntr of the model are written on the right-
hand side of the screen, just above the OK button.
To plot only the flux lines, uncheck the ZonePaint box and press OK. The
number of lines can be adjusted to give more or less detail. To plot the
outline without the flux lines, set the number of lines to zero. To add the
mesh check the MeshDraw box and press OK.
To restrict the colour map to certain regions, use the box "List of selected
regions". The regions are identified in Fig. 12. No. of intervals controls
the shading and MaxSet and MinSet determine the maximum and
minimum parameter values in the colour map.
Fill Subdomains causes the "regions" in Fig. 12 to be filled with colour.
The upper button FeaSol is not supported.
When solutions are available in the same *.mes file at multiple current
levels, they can be selected from the drop-down list box in Fig. 18. The
magnetic field solution first shown on the screen is for the highest current
level (the most saturated condition) at the given rotor position.
When solutions are available at multiple positions, use File|Open to open the appropriate files in the
solution directory. These will have similar filenames with an identifying index number appended. The
filename SRMES1.MES corresponds to the unaligned position and then the index number is increased as
the rotor moves towards the aligned position. Using the File menu, you can also open .MES files computed
previously and stored in an FEResxx directory under PC-SRD directory.
Use File|Exit (or [Alt+X]) to end the PC-FEA post-processor and return control to the FE Results Viewer.
3.6 The MGC Viewer
The MGC Viewer button in Fig. 17 opens a window similar to the MatchMGC window in PC-SRD, Fig. 9,
except that there is no facility for adjusting parameters and immediately re-running PC-SRD.
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER The Unimesh GoFER Page 13
Fig. 21 An example of the mesh in PC-FEA
Fig. 22 An example of the flux-plot in PC-FEA

Page 14 File formats used by FEA-SR-MGC PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
4. File formats used by the FEA-SR-MGC Magnetization Curve Calculator
The FEASRD.BH file
PC-SRD requires the steel B/H curve to be specified in 0.1-T steps of B. This data is automatically
translated by PC-SRD for use by FEA-SR-MGC, but greater accuracy may be obtained by using a more
detailed B/H curve. The PC-FEA B/H file format places no restriction on the values of B, except that the
B/H curve must be monotonically increasing.
To provide a different description of the B/H curve(s), you need to edit or overwrite the FEASRD.BH file,
which is automatically written by PC-SRD and is placed in the FEA-SRD directory.
The FEASRD.BH file has the following ASCII format:
Line # Example Description
1 Material BH characteristics Header.
2 Code : 1 : M19 29 gage The ID code of the stator steel and the name
of the material. Only the latter may be
changed in this line.
3 22 The number No1BH of BH points for the stator
steel. The maximum value of No1BH is 100.
4...(4+No1BH) 20 2.180000E+0004 1.920000E+0000 The number of the current B/H point, the
value of H in [A/m] and B in [T]
4+No1BH+1 Code : 2 : Losil 800/65 The ID code of the rotor steel and the name
of the material. Only the latter may be
changed in this line. As shown here the rotor
has a different steel from the stator and
although they can be the same they must be
specified separately.
4+No1BH+2 25 The number No2BH of B/H points for the rotor
steel. The maximum value of No2BH is 100. The
values of No2BH and No1BH can be different.
4+No1BH+
2+No2BH
15 6.80000E+0002 1.440000E+0000 The number of the current B/H point, the
value of H in [A/m] and B in [T]
The line number should not be written in the file. A better understanding of this syntax may be obtained
by examining the FEASRD.BH file which is produced by PC-SRD when a FE model is prepared for FEA-
SR-MGC.
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER File formats used by FE-SR-MGC Page 15
The FEASRMGC.INI file
The FEASRMGC.INI file is located in the same folder as FEASRMGC.EXE and is used to specify the FE
calculations that will be performed and the initial settings for the automatic mesh generator. The file has
the following ASCII format:
Parameter Default
value
Description
[Settings] (N/A) Header for the FE operations settings.
DoPre 1 Flag for the FE pre-processing, i.e. meshing. A value different from 1 forces
the MGC CALCULATOR not to use the PC-FEA PRE-PROCESSOR.
DoSol 1 Flag for the FE solver. A value different from 1 forces the MGC CALCULATOR not
to use the PC-FEA SOLVER.
DoPost 1 Flag for the FE post-processing. A value different from 1 forces the MGC
CALCULATOR not to use the PC-FEA POST-PROCESSOR.
[Mesh] (N/A) Header for the initial settings of the automatic mesh generator.
Lenmin 0.6 The allowed ratio between the minimum and maximum length of the edges in any
triangle. The triangles having one edge on the boundaries or region interfaces
are excepted.
MaxAngle 85 The maximum angle allowed in any triangle. The triangles having one edge on the
boundaries or region interfaces are excepted.
NvMax 10000 The maximum number of nodes which can be automatically generated. If needed this
value can be increased up to 32000, but the meshing speed will decrease.
NewBNDFlag 1 If the value of this flag is different from 1, no new nodes apart from the
Unimesh nodes will be generated on the region interfaces and on the boundaries.
Note that on the boundaries where periodic (binary) boundary conditions are
enforced, new nodes are never generated.
IterMax
FctMax
SMaxSet
SMinSet
340090150 Special parameters for the automatic mesh generator. They are included only for
debugging purposes.
Page 16 File formats used by FEA-SR-MGC PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
The FESRD.INI file
The FESRD.INI file is used to specify the FE link parameters, together with some motor data required
for the FE models. The file has the following ASCII format:
Parameter Description
[problem parameters] Header for the general parameters of the FE problem(s).
filename The *.SRD filename corresponding to the motor design for which the FE problems
are set up.
felink The name of the FE program to be used, i.e., pcfea
problem Possible values are: C for a set of magnetization curves as specified in PC-SRD;
3 for a USA set of points; U, S or A for U, S or A points respectively.
NCi The number of rotor positions to be analysed by FE, as set with FE_Nci in the
OUTLINE EDITOR in PC-SRD. This should equal NCi in PC-SRD's template editor so that
the iY^ array has the correct number of entries. The template editor value of
NCi is distinct from FE_Nci because it is associated solely with internal
magnetization curves.
Ni The number of non-zero current levels for each rotor position.
[motor parameters] Header for the motor parameters section.
Paths, Lstk, Np,
Nph, Ns, R3
Each of these parameters must be written on a different line. Their names and
meanings are the same as in PC-SRD. Note: Lstk and R3 are in [m].
ACoilFE The area of the coil in [m ] used in FE calculations.
2
[current densities] Header for the current-density section
J1_k The current density in [A/m ] in coil-side C and F (see Fig. 12). The value
2
corresponds to problem (rotor position) number k at the highest current level.
Each of the values J1_1 to J1_Nci have to be written on a different line.
J2_k Same as above but for coil-side E. The current density in coil-side D has the
same absolute value and opposite sign.
[Flux-linkage] Header for the flux linkage (post-processing) section.
Coillist The list of coil-sides used to determine the per-phase value of the flux linkage.
The default list is 4 7, i.e. the average value of the magnetic vector potential
in coil-side C (region ID no. 4) and in coil-side F (region ID no. 7) are added
to determine the flux per unit of length through one coil placed around pole 1
(see Fig. 12).
TurnsInSeriesPerPhase The total number of turns in series per phase.
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER The FE Link GoFER Page 17
5. The FE Link GoFER [F11]
The FE Link GoFER [F11] is similar to the GoFERs in the other SPEED design programs. It uses the .GDF
file and GDF Editor program, and links to later versions of PC-FEA which have more sophisticated
scripting and analysis capabilities than the version used in FEA-SR-MGC.
Many of the specialized processes of the Unimesh GoFER are reproduced with the FE Link GoFER: for
example, the calculation of mag. curves.
Page 18 Single load-point GoFER PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
Fig. 23 Single load point GoFER [F11]
5.1 Single load point GoFER
The Single load point GoFER sets up a finite-element calculation at a fixed rotor position with specified
values of the phase currents.
The Options [F6] are described on the following pages.
Single load point GoFER
Files produced by PC-SRD file Test1.bd4.
Test1.lst PC-FEA script listing
Test1.rep PC-FEA report file
Test1.psi PC-FEA file of phase flux-linkage values
Test1.tq PC-FEA file of torque value
Table 2
Files produced by Single load point GoFER
Note : Filenames for results files are derived from the .srd filename used with PC-SRD. This name should
contain only alphanumeric characters.
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER Single load-point GoFER Page 19
Fig. 24 Single load point GoFER options 1
Single load point GoFER Options 1
Geometry
Solution domain
The extent of the finite-element mesh, usually expressed as a fraction of the motor cross-section: for
example, "two half poles" or "whole motor". The solution domain appears in the PC-FEA script as
AngFE.
Rotor Angle
This is the rotor position expressed in the same coordinates as in the PC-SRD outline editor. The "start
of overlap" position is normally the [J] position and the "end of overlap" is the [M] position, [J] and [M]
being short-cut keys in the outline editor.
Node tolerance
If two nodes are within a distance * of each other, they will be treated as coincident. * is the "node
tolerance". If * = 0, coincident nodes will be treated as separate and either the GDF Editor will fail or PC-
FEA will crash. If two nodes are extremely close, setting * > 0 will merge them, so avoiding extremely
short line segments and triangles with poor aspect ratio. Using too large a value for Node tolerance will
lead to meshing errors. (See also Epsilon, inthe PC-FEA manual).
Include shaft
If this box is not checked, the finite-element solution will not include the shaft, and the boundary
conditions will be set so that no flux enters the region occupied by the shaft.
Page 20 Single load-point GoFER PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
Fig. 25 Single load point GoFER Options 2
Single load point GoFER Options 2
Current
The instantaneous phase currents can be specified independently. Alternatively, Use design sheet
values sets them to the values appearing in the current waveforms computed by PC-SRD, corresponding
to the specified rotor position.
Calculate torque
The torque is calculated using the Maxwell stress method and reported in one of the text files produced
by PC-FEA.
Calculate flux-linkage
The flux-linkage is calculated for each phase and reported in one of the text files produced by PC-FEA.
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER Single load-point GoFER Page 21
Fig. 26 Single load point GoFER options 3
Single load point GoFER options 3
GDF controls the format of the GDF file produced by the GoFER. For use with PC-FEA, this should be
Auto, but for compatibility with 3rd-party FE links other versions may be required. GDF files with
version numbers 1@2 or greater contain extra information regarding sub-domain grouping and the
lettered co-ordinates used to define the geometry. The co-ordinates are required for use with Faces.
Faces
The main purpose of the Faces option is to provide a means of saving changes to the boundary node
distribution which you might make in the GDF Editor, so that PC-SRD does not over-write them next
time you run the GoFER.
In a GDF file a sub-domain is defined by a list of connected lines and arcs called faces. Each face has
properties, such as how many divisions it is split into, the distribution of nodes, and the style (i.e.
whether it is internal to a region, whether it has a fixed potential, periodic boundary condition, etc).
When a SPEED motor design program is used to create a GDF file, it uses an internal set of conditions
for every face which the user can then alter in the GDF Editor. These alterations are saved with the GDF
file, but if the user goes back to the SPEED motor design program to run another analysis, the internal
settings will be reapplied. A Faces file is essentially a file containing a list of face definitions for a given
problem, which can be used to override the internal settings, either when the GDF file is created or from
within the GDF Editor.
Face information is associated with a face by means of the face name. This is formed from the names of
the two end co-ordinates which are shown in the reference figures in the SPEED motor design program
manuals: for example, AB. Co-ordinate (or point) names are added to the GDF file only if GDF $ 1.2 in
the GoFER (or in the GDF options dialog in the GDF Editor). To distinguish between rotor and stator co-
ordinates, both of which are called A Z, the convention used by SPEED software is that the name is
prefixed with R to specify rotor co-ordinates and S to specify stator co-ordinates. If a co-ordinate does not
have a corresponding name in the reference figures, it is omitted from the list of faces and information
about it cannot be saved.
When a Faces file is saved, information about all faces with valid names is written to a file. When a Faces
file is loaded, a comparison is made between the face names in the current GDF file and the face names
in the Faces file; where these match, the face information is updated.
Page 22 Single load-point GoFER PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
Faces files are simple text files, so they can be edited using a program such as NOTEPAD, for example,
to include only stator information, or only specific faces of the model.
Although Faces files can be generated from within the GDF Editor (or by hand) SPEED programs can
use them when the GDF file is first created, provided that Use previous or User file is selected. Note that
if GDF is < 1.2 the Faces options will be disabled. There are three options:
Faces Action
Defaults The GDF file will be created with the internal settings, as in all previous versions.
A Faces file can still be used to update the model from within the GDF Editor.
Use previous
7
The GoFER will attempt to override the internal settings from a Faces file with the
same name as the current .bd4 file with a .faces extension. For this mode to function
the .faces file must obviously exist so it must first be created from within the GDF
Editor. If the .faces file does not exist then a warning will be displayed but PC-SRD
will continue to the GDF Editor. If you then save any changes you make to the faces
in the GDF Editor the default file name will match the one expected in the GoFER and
so the next run will automatically use the changed faces information.
User file The GoFER will attempt to override the internal settings from a Faces file with the
given name. This option is intended for use when you have specific changes you want
to make but have stored them in a different folder or under a different name so that
they do not get accidentally overwritten.
If Warn on GDF file overwrite is checked, a warning message will be displayed if the GoFER attempts to
overwrite an existing GDF file.
If Save design file is checked, the design file must be saved before proceeding with the GoFER.
Run
Create files only The .gdf and other files will be created but
nothing else will happen.
Edit using GDF editor The .gdf file will be displayed in the GDF
editor, where it can be edited before being
passed to the finite-element program.
Edit using other editor The .gdf file will be passed to another
specified editor (or program).
Direct to FEA The .gdf file will be passed straight to the
finite-element program without stopping.
Other FEA Links... The .gdf file will be passed to another
specified finite-element program, if installed
You must save the GDF file after making changes (or use Region|Save Faces information) in the GDF Editor. Also in the GDF
7
Editor Options menu, GDF $ 1.2 and Save Faces information must both be checked.
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER Single load-point GoFER Page 23
Fig. 27 Single load-point GoFER options 4
Single load point GoFER options 4
PC-FEA meshing
Max. nodes This can be used to limit the number of nodes which the mesh generator
produces, in case the computer has a memory limitation. The maximum
number of nodes in PC-FEA 3 is 32,000; but in PC-FEA 5 it depends on the
available memory. Only in rare instances should this parameter need to
be changed. Do not use an unreasonably low number, as it could prevent
the generation of a suitable mesh.
Max. angle The maximum angle permitted in any triangular element during
meshing. For a well-conditioned solution the triangles should all be
approximately equilateral, but sometimes it is necessary to increase
Max. angle up to 110E or even 120E, to assist in cases of difficult mesh
generation. Occasionally a lower limit (e.g. 90E) helps.
"Include virtual lines
and arcs"
The PC-FEA mesh generator can be set to add new boundary nodes when
necessary to improve the mesh. By default, these new nodes are placed on
straight lines between existing nodes, but by using "virtual arcs" the
mesh generator can be instructed to place a given set of boundary nodes
on an arc to improve the geometric modelling accuracy. In some cases
with motors having large numbers of slots the "virtual arcs" cannot be
created with enough precision and the meshing fails. In such cases
remove the check box from this option to prevent their inclusion in the
.fea file.
Do optimization Mesh optimization usually increases the number of nodes and elements,
which increases the size of the problem and slows down the solution.
Disabling optimization therefore helps to limit the problem size and
shorten the solution time.
Pause If this is checked, PC-FEA pauses after the mesh optimization so that the
mesh can be inspected. If it is not checked, PC-FEA continues with the
solution without stopping.
Page 24 Single load-point GoFER PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
Fig. 28 The BH button
Solving
Solver tolerance Normally this is 10 . A smaller value makes the solution more precise, but
!6
it takes longer to solve. A larger value (e.g., 10 ) gives a faster solution but
"4
less precision. With larger values, the precision of the solution is not
uniform and there is a risk of serious local inaccuracy even though the
overall solution may appear to be correct.
Max. iterations Usually the solver completes in 4 or 5 iterations, but some problems may
require more iterations especially if the tolerance is very small. The default
is 99, but if the number of iterations exceeds 10 or so, it could be that the steel
data is not sufficiently smooth (see WinSPEED manual), causing some
numerical instability in the solver.
The BH button
The BH button (Figs. 27 and 28) is used to specify the method of
interpolation of the B/H curve. In the steel database this curve is
defined by a series of points, but PC-FEA must interpolate
continuously between these points. Normally it uses linear
interpolation, although cubic-spline interpolation can be selected
by means of the the Spline parameter of the Region command in
the PC-FEA script.
Especially with linear interpolation, a large number of points
(typically 100 or more) are required to be passed to PC-FEA in the
.BH file.
The B/H data in the .BH file is obtained from the steel database
data by cubic-spline interpolation in the GoFER. As explained in
the WinSPEED manual, this interpolation can be done with either B or H as the independent or basis
vector. In both cases the basis vector has evenly-spaced points, and with H interpolation there is a risk
of losing detail at low field values if the range of H is very high. This will be the case if the steel database
data extends up to extreme values of B, for example, above 2@3 T.
For this reason it is preferable to use B interpolation. However, with B interpolation the steel database
data must be very smooth all the way down to zero B, otherwise there is a risk of slow convergence or
even convergence failure.
The WinSPEED manual explains how to prepare the steel database records to achieve best performance
and accuracy.
Pre-convert to SD1 format
This checkbox appears only if the steel database used in PC-SRD is in .SD2 format.
In the old .SD1 steel database format, the B/H points are at fixed intervals of 0@1 T, but in the more
advanced .SD2 format the points can be unevenly distributed. This is an advantage in modelling the
sharp knee of the B/H curve.
If you are using a .SD2 steel database format, the GoFER can prepare the .BH file directly from the steel
data without pre-converting it to .SD1 format. Software releases prior to the date of this manual would
automatically pre-convert to .SD1 format, and in so doing they risked losing important detail in the B/H
curve. The check-box makes it possible to revert to the old method, but it is better to leave this box
unchecked and use .SD2 steel database formats whenever possible.
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER Single load-point GoFER Page 25
Fig. 29 The GDF Editor
Fig. 30 PC-FEA script window
To continue the Single load-point GoFER, press OK in Fig. 27. The GDF Editor opens, Fig. 29.
The initial distribution of boundary nodes can be seen at the subdomain boundaries. The GDF Editor is
described in the WinSPEED manual. Modifications can be made here to the node distribution and to the
materials and excitation, but in many cases control can be passed immediately to PC-FEA using PC-
FEA|FEA-SRD analysis [F11].
The opening window of PC-FEA shows the script received from the GDF Editor, Fig. 30. Click Run to
generate the mesh (Fig. 31) and Continue to solve (Fig. 32). Press Exit to view the numerical results in
the text files written by PC-FEA.
Page 26 Single load-point GoFER PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
Fig. 32 Finite-element solution
Fig. 31 PC-FEA mesh
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER Mag. curves GoFER Page 27
Fig. 33 Mag. curves GoFER
5.2 Mag. curves GoFER
The Mag. curves GoFER has the same function as the Unimesh GoFER described in 3: that is, to calculate
individual points or combinations of points on the static magnetization curves, or even enough points
to construct a complete set of magnetization curves. The main difference is that the FE Link GoFER uses
the most up-to-date version of PC-FEA (currently version 5.5), whereas the Unimesh GoFER is a
specialized tool that was developed with PC-FEA 1.
Mag. curves GoFER
Files produced by PC-SRD file Test1.bd4.
Test1.lst PC-FEA script listing
Test1.rep PC-FEA report file
Test1.mgc, .u, .a, .usa etc. Flux-linkage files as described in Table 1
Test1.ttheta PC-FEA file of torque values
Table 3
Files produced by Mag. curves GoFER
Mag. curves GoFER Options 1
This is the same as Fig. 24, except that Rotor Angle is disabled because the rotor angle is determined by
the GoFER settings in Fig. 34.
Page 28 Mag. curves GoFER PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
Fig. 34 Mag. curves GoFER options 2
Mag. curves GoFER Options 2
The Mag. curves options are equivalent to those in Fig. 5 on p. 4: thus To constant psi is the same as
Do mag. curves up to iY^ and To constant current is the same as Do mag. curves up to iHi. The
specification of the "magic points" U, S and A is the same as for the Unimesh GoFER, Fig. 1.
If [Calculate torque] is checked, PC-FEA will calculate the torque by Maxwell stress, and the result(s) will
be written to the *.ttheta file.
If Use TED values is checked, FE_Ni (the number of current levels) is set equal to FE_Ni in the template
editor, and likewise FE_Nci (the number of current levels) is set equal to FE_NCi in the template editor.
The last two pages of GoFER options are the same as in Fig. 26 on p. 21 and Fig. 27 on p. 23.
Completing the Mag. curves GoFER
The Mag. curves GoFER is completed in the same manner as for the Single load-point GoFER, and the
successive stages are similar to those in Figs. 29-32.
The results obtained in the .MGC file can be returned to PC-SRD using Tools | Match MGC, as in Fig. 10
on p. 7.
Although the [F11] GoFER produces the same results files as the Unimesh GoFER (FEASRMGC), it has
the advantage that the intermediate stages can be viewed, and modified if necessary.
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER i-psi GoFER Page 29
Fig. 35 i-psi GoFER
5.3 i-psi GoFER
The i-psi GoFER is rotates the rotor through one rotor pole-pitch (360E/Nr) while forcing current through
one or more phases. It produces a file of flux-linkage data which can be displayed in comparison with
the i-psi loop in PC-SRD.
i-psi GoFER
Files produced by PC-SRD file Test1.bd4.
Test1.lst PC-FEA script listing
Test1.rep PC-FEA report file
Test1.ipl Current and flux-linkage of phase 1, through
one rotor pole-pitch
Test1.trq PC-FEA file of torque values
Table 4
Files produced by i-psi GoFER
i-psi GoFER Options 1
This is the same as Fig. 24, except that Rotor Angle is disabled because the rotor angle is progressed
according to the GoFER settings in Fig. 36. Also, the number of Airgap layers can be selected (as 2,4,6 or
8), providing an additional means of controlling the mesh density and the shape of the elements.
Page 30 i-psi GoFER PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
Fig. 36 i-psi GoFER Options 2
Fig. 37 Trapezoidal current
profile
I-psi GoFER Options 2
The rotor is rotated from (Th0 " ThZ) to (ThC ! ThZ). There are no restrictions on Th0 or ThC, but some
8
care is required with the ramp angle ThZ, which helps to make the i-psi loop more manageable.
9
If Trapezoid is checked, the current in phase 1 is constrained to follow the trapezoidal profile in Fig. 37.
The currents in the other phases are constrained to follow similar trapezoidal waveforms, but phase-
shifted according to the number of phases and rotor poles.
If PC-SRD is checked, the currents are sampled from the
waveforms calculated by PC-SRD. In this case the dialog shows
a single number of steps, RotSteps, into which the interval
360E/Nr is divided. The same is true if Trapezoid and Evenly
spaced are both checked.
If Evenly spaced is unchecked, the number of steps can be
specified separately on each segment A,B,C,D of the trapezoid as
shown in Fig. 37. Because of the rapid fall of current after ThC
which typically occurs in motoring, the number of steps along
C may need to be greater than along the other segments.
The last two pages of GoFER options are the same as in Fig. 26 on p. 21 and Fig. 27 on p. 23.
Be careful because the meaning of ThZ in the TEMPLATE EDITOR changes depending on the value of Regulate. If Regulate ' iHi,
8
ThZ is the width of the ramp, and the flat top of the trapezoid extends from Th0 to ThC. In this case, Use TED values will bring a
sensible value to the dialog. But if Regulate ' Current, ThZ is the zero-volt angle, and Use TED values will bring an inappropriate
value to the dialog, and it will have to be over-written.
The ramp is not considered part of a practical control strategy.
9
PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER i-psi GoFER Page 31
Fig. 38 i-psi Loop calculated by the i-psi GoFER
Completing the i-psi GoFER
The i-psi GoFER is completed in the same manner as for the Single load-point GoFER, and the successive
stages are similar to those in Figs. 29-32.
The results obtained in the .ipl file can be returned to PC-SRD and displayed using Results | Dynamic
Design Graphs | Flux-linkage, followed by Graph | Show FE i-psi loop. An example is shown in Fig. 38.
In this example there is good agreement between PC-SRD and the finite-element calculation near the
unaligned position, because the end-effects calculated by PC-SRD have been automatically applied to the
finite-element data (by setting rq_dLau ' 0 and rq_dLu ' 0). Near the ThC position, however, the
disparity is noticeable. This calculation was performed for a 6/4 three-phase motor, so the aligned
position is at 90E and the ThC position is at 80E, 10E before alignment.
Page 32 Index PC-SRD 9.04 GoFER
Index
Auto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
FEASRD.BH file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
.BH file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
.gdf file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
.INI file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
*.mes file.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Airgap layers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Back.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
BH button.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Boundary nodes
distribution of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Combined plot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Ctrl+F11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Current density.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Directories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Dynamic design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
End effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
ETFCalc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 6
FE Link button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
in SPUD.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
FE Link GoFER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
i-psi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Mag. curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Singe load point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
FE Results button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
in SPUD.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
FE Results Viewer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
FE_NCi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 9
FE_Ni. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
FEA-SR-MGC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
FEA-SRD
directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
FeaSol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
FEASRMGC.INI file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 15
FELinkID. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
FESRD.INI file.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
File formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Files
produced by i-psi GoFER. . . . . . . . . . . 29
produced by Mag. curves GoFER. . . . 27
produced by Single load-point GoFER
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Fill Subdomains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
FLU_LIN.A.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
FLU_LIN.MGC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
FLU_LIN.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
FLU_LIN.U.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
FLU_LIN.USA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
GoFER
FE Link [F11]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 17
Unmesh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3
GoFER dialog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
ihi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Include virtual lines and arcs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Installation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Interpolation
of BH data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Iph1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Iph2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
LineDraw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Magic points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 8, 28
Magnetization curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
adjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
MatchMGC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 6, 12
Max. angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Max. nodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
MaxAngle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Maximum current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Maximum flux-linkage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
MaxSet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
MeshDraw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
MGC Viewer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
MinSet.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
No. of Intervals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Off & Lss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 6
PC-FEA meshing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
PC-SRD
adjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
using finite elements with . . . . . . . . . . 2
Pre-convert to SD1 format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Progress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Psim. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Re-align mag curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2
in SPUD.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
ReDraw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Run FEASRMGC
check box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Saving results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
SD1 format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
SD2 format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Solver tolerance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
SPUD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Unimesh GoFER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
SRMES1.MES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Step-by-step process
Unimesh GoFER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Unaligned. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Unimesh
in outline editor.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 4
nodes and regions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
USA points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 6
Xim. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
XLau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
XPsim. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
ZonePaint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Zoom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12