Khao Sat He Thong Thuy Luc Tren May Ui Komatsu D275a 5 v5ibU4LwHq 20130108115618 4

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5
1. MC CH, NGHA CA TI.

Ngy nay, cuc cch mng khoa hc cng ngh tc ng n mi mt i
sng kinh t x hi ca hu ht cc quc gia trn th gii. Vn t ng ha, c kh
ha tham gia ngy cng nhiu trong qu trnh sn xut thay th cho sc lao ng
ca con ngi, lm cho nng sut lao ng rt cao. N to iu kin cho kinh t th
gii pht trin mnh m.
Trong xy dng c bn: xy dng dn dng, cng nghip, xy dng giao thng,
xy dng thy li t l i tng thi cng c khi lng ln. C gii ha cng tc
t c ngha trng yu v l vn cp bch,cn thit i vi tnh hnh nc ta
hin nay. Trong nhng nm gn y iu c quan tm ng k, c th: S lng
v chng loi my mc tng nhiu, c bit l nhm my lm cng tc t vi h
thng truyn ng thu lc c nhp v t cc nc nh: M, Nht, Hn Quc...
Trong nhm my lm cng tc t, my i chim vai tr ch o vi khi lng
thi cng rt ln. Do vy, vic s dng h thng truyn ng thy lc trn my i
nng cao nng sut l ht sc cn thit vi nhng u im ni bt nh sau:
- Kt cu nh gn, c kh nng truyn lc i xa.
- Lc tc dng ln tay iu khin, bn p v hnh trnh ca chng nh.
- iu chnh c lp v thun tin tc chuyn ng kt hp theo thi gian trong
mt vng rng bng nhng phng tin n gin, iu lm tng kh nng thao tc
ca my dn n nng cao hiu qu s dng cng sut ca ng c.
- S dng iu khin t ng v bn t ng, ci thin iu kin lao ng ca
th li v nng cao cht lng cng tc.
V nhng l do trn, nn em chn ti tt nghip l: KHO ST H
THNG THU LC TRN MY I KOMATSU D275A -5 tm hiu k
hn, nm c nguyn l lm vic ca h thng thu lc lp trn my v cng
nh bit c nhng tnh nng ring bit v hin i ca my.
SVTH: L Minh Phuc- Lp 05C4A
Trang 4
2. GII THIU CHUNG V MY I.
Hnh 2.1. My i KOMATSU D275A- 5
2.1. CNG DNG MY I

My i l mt trong nhng loi in hnh ca my cng trnh, ang c s dng
ht sc rng ri.
My i dng o vn chuyn t c ly thch hp nh hn 100m. ng thi
my i cn thng c dng san s b mt bng.
Trong thc t, my i thng s dng lm cc cng vic sau:
- o h ao, knh mng nng v rng
- o cc mng nh ln
- o p ng c cao khng qu 2m
- San s b, to mt bng ln xy dng sn qung trng, sn vn ng, khu
cng nghip v cc khu th mi
- San lp rnh t ng ng hoc mng nh sau khi thi cng xong.
Trang 5

- Thu dn vt liu ph thi trn hin trng sau khi cng trnh hon thnh.
-Dn vt liu thnh ng cao to iu kin thun li cho my xc mt gu xc
vt liu ln t
- Tr lc y cho my cp khi my cp o gp t rn
- Ko cc phng tin khc.
2.2. PHN LOI MY I

* Phn loi da vo gc t ca bn i so vi trc dc ca my:
- My i vn nng : Bn i c lin kt vi khung i qua khp cu nn bn i
c th quay c trong mt phng ngang v t nghing so vi trc dc ca my mt
gc 45 60 0.
- My i thng ( hay cn gi my i c nh) : Bn i lun lun c t
vung gc vi trc dc ca my.
* Theo phng php iu khin thit b i:
-My i iu khin bng thy lc
-My i iu khin bng cp
Trong my i iu khin bng thy lc ang c s dng rng ri v iu
khin nh nhng, m v chc chn, kt cu gn, chm sc v bo qun n gin d
dng.
Li i n su vo t trong khi o, mt phn nh trng lng thit b i, phn
cn li ch yu nh p lc ca du. Do trng lng ca thit b i gim i t 510% so vi thit b i ca my iu khin bng cp cng cng sut . ng thi my i
iu khin bng thy lc c th o c t rn hn so vi my i iu khin bng
cp.
Ngoi ra cn c my i iu khin t xa bng in t, mi c ngi Nht Bn
p dng th im cho nhng my i khai thc khong sn di i dng. Tuy nhin
loi my i ny c cu to phc tp, cng ngh ch to hin i , gi thnh cao nn
cha c s dng ph bin.
* Phn loi da vo c cu di chuyn, my i chia lm hai loi:
Trang 6

- My i bnh xch: C p sut xung t nh, bn knh quay vng nh, kh nng
bm vo t tt nn c th hot ng nhng ni c nn t yu, nhng ni c dc
ln, a hnh cht hp.
- My i bnh hi: C tc di chuyn nhanh hn, nhng p sut xung t ln
hn so vi my i bnh xch c cng trng lng.
* Phn loi da vo cng sut ca my, c th phn loi theo bng sau: ( Trang 193 My lm t , Phm Hu ng Nh xut bn Xy dng Nm 2004).
Bng 2.1: Phn loi my i theo cng sut v lc ko
Loi my i
Cng sut ng c ( KW)
Lc ko (T)
Rt nh
n 15
n 2,5
Nh
15 60
2,5-7,5
Trung bnh
60 110
7,5- 15
Ln
110 220
15- 20
Rt ln
> 220
> 30
3. CU TO CHUNG CA MY I KOMATSU D275A- 5.

3.1.CU TO CHUNG:
My i KOMATSU D275A - 5 l loi my i thng iu khin bng thu lc
vi bn i khng quay. Khung i (7) gm hai phn ring bit v c lin kt vi bn
i (4) bng khp tr (6), do bn i lun lun t vung gc vi trc dc ca my v
khng th quay c trong mt phng ngang. Thanh chng xin (14) gi cho bn i n
nh trong khi lm vic di tc dng ca p lc khi t trc bn i.
nng cao tnh vn nng ca my, ng sau ca my ko c s lp ng thi
thit b xi dng ph v v xi cc loi t rt cng gip cho cc loi my lm t
khc nh my i, my san, lm vic d dng v cho nng sut cao. Thit b xi c
lp pha sau my ko, gm: gi s (13) c lin kt vi v cu sau ca my ko.
u trn ca gi lp xilanh nng h (11) v xilanh nghing thit b xi (12); u
Trang 7

di ca gi lp khung ca thit b xi (16). B rng xi (9) c lp vi (10)
bng cc cht.
10 9
13 12 11
3965
4
5
3480
8
9290
15
17
16
4300
2260
610
14
Hinh 3.1. S b tr cc c cu ca my
1-My ko c s;2- Xilanh nng h bn i; 3-Xilanh nghing li i; 4- Bn i; 5Li i ( Dao i); 6- Khp tr lin kt bn i vi khung i; 7- Khung i; 8- Khp
lin kt khung i vi my ko c s; 9- Thit b xi; 10 - ; 11- Xilanh nng h
thit b xi; 12- Xilanh nghing thit b xi; 13- Gi ; 14 - Thanh chng xin;15 xch; 16- Khung xi; 17- Xilanh gi cht thit b xi.
Trang 8
3.2. CC THNG S K THUT CA MY I KOMATSU D275A-5.

3.2.1 Cc thng s k thut .
Tn thng s
Gi tr
n v
Trng
Trng lng my c s
38430
Kg
lng
Trng lng ton b
50800
kg
SDA6D140E-
Loi ng c
3(Diezen)
S xilanh
Dung tch xilanh
15.24
Lt
Cng sut
306
Kw
Lc ko cc i
1989/1400
Nm/(v/ph)
Tc khng ti ti a
2150
v/ph
Tc khng ti ti thiu
700
v/ph
Sut tiu hao nhin liu ti thiu
215
g/kwh
Mt khi ng
24V,11kw
My pht xoaychiu
24V, 75A
c quy
12V, 170Ah2
ng
c
Tc ca my
Tc ti
Tc li
S 1
3.8
Km/h
S 2
6.7
Km/h
S 3
11.2
Km/h
S 1
4.9
Km/h
S 2
8.7
Km/h
S 3
14.9
Km/h
1.2
KG/cm2
p lc i trn t vi khi lng tng th

Trang 9

p sut y
280
KG/cm2
Lu lng
256
l/ph
S vng quay
2286
v/ph
p sut y
160
KG/cm2
Lu lng
103
l/ph
S vng quay
2286
v/ph
Mt qut (p sut ti a )
160
KG/cm2
H thng
thit b
Bm du
lm vic
cng tc
thy lc
Bm cung
cp du
cho mt
qut lm
mt
3.2.2. Cc thng s v kch thc.

Tn thng s
Gi tr
n v
Chiu di ton b ca my
9290
mm
Chiu rng my
4300
mm
Chiu cao my
3965
mm
Chiu di di xch trn t
3480
mm
Chiu rng di xch
610
mm
Khong sng gm my
510
mm
Chiu rng c s ca my i
2260
mm
Chiu rng
4300
mm
Chiu cao
1975
mm
Gc ct
52
Dung tch bn i
13.7
m3
120
mm
Bn i
Xilanh thy lc kiu pittng tc dng kp

Kch thc
ng knh trong xilanh
Trang 10

xilanh
ng knh cn pittng
80
mm
dao i
Hnh trnh pittng
1495
mm
Kch thc
ng knh trong xilanh
180
mm
ng knh cn pittng
100
mm
dao i
Hnh trnh pittng
190
mm
Kch thc
ng knh trong xilanh
180
mm
ng knh cn pittng
100
mm
xi t
Hnh trnh pittng
465
mm
Kch thc
ng knh trong xilanh
160
mm
ng knh cn pittng
90
mm
Hnh trnh pittng
455
mm
nng h
xilanh
nghing
xilanh
nng h
xilanh
nghing
bn xi t
3.2.3. Cc thng s lm vic.

Tn thng s
Gi tr
n v
Bn knh quay vng nh nht ca my
3.9
Chiu cao nng dao ln nht
1450
mm
Chiu su ct ln nht
640
mm
phn i
Gc ct thay i ca dao
60
Dung tch bn i
13.7
m3
Gc ct tiu chun
52.7
phn
Chiu cao nng ln nht
1195
mm
Trang 11

Chiu su ct ln nht
xi
1420
mm
4. H THNG THY LC TRN MY I KOMATSU D275A-5

4.1. KHI NIM CHUNG V BM V NG C THY LC
Bm v ng c thy lc l hai thit b c chc nng khc nhau. Bm l thit b to ra
nng lng, cn ng c thy lc l thit b tiu th nng lng ny. Tuy th nhng
kt cu v phng php tnh ton ca bm v ng c thy lc cng loi l ging
nhau.
*Bm du: L mt c cu bin i nng lng, dng bin c nng thnh nng
lng ca du ( dng cht lng). Trong h thng du p thng ch dng bm th tch,
tc l loi bm thc hin vic bin i nng lng bng cch thay i th tch cc
bung lm vic, khi th tch ca bung lm vic tng, bm ht du, thc hin chu k
ht v khi th tch ca bung gim, bm y du ra thc hin chu k nn.
Ty thuc vo lng du bm y ra trong mt chu k lm vic , ta c th phn ra
hai loi bm th tch:
-
Bm c lu lng c nh, gi tt l bm c nh .
Bm c lu lng c th iu chnh, gi tt l bm iu chnh.
Nhng thng s c bn ca bm l lu lng v p sut .

*ng c thy lc: L thit b dng bin nng lng ca dng cht lng thnh
ng nng quay trn trc ng c. Qu trnh bin i nng lng l du c p sut
c a vo bung cng tc ca ng c. Di tc dng ca p sut, cc phn t ca
ng c quay.
Nhng thng s c bn ca ng c du l lu lng ca 1 vng quay v hiu p
sut ng vo v ng ra.
Trn my i KOMATSU D275A-5 ngi ta s dng 2 loi bm th tch: bm bnh
rng v bm piston rto hng trc.
4.2. TRUYN NG CHNH

4.2.1. S truyn ng chnh:
Trang 12
10
15 16 17 18
19
2 1
11
12
13
14
Hnh 4.1. S truyn ng chnh

1- Qut lm mt ng c; 2-M-t thy lc quay qut lm mt; 3- ng c; 4- Khp
ni mm ; 5 Trc cc-ng; 6 Bm du cung cp cho qut lm mt; 7 Bin m
thy lc; 8 Hp s; 9 Bnh rng cn; 10 Dn ng cui; 11 bnh xch; 12
xch; 13- Ly hp li; 14 Phanh li; 15 Bm du bi trn h thng li; 16 Bm
du cung cp cho truyn ng; 17- B trch cng sut; 18- Bm du cho thit b cng
tc; 19- Bm b sung cho bin m thy lc.
4.2.2. Nguyn l chung:
Cng sut c pht ra bi ng c (3) truyn qua khp ni mm (4) n trc
cc-ng (5) v truyn n bin m thu lc (7).
Cng sut t ng c c truyn qua bin m thu lc (7) n trc vo hp s
(trc tuabin) tu thuc vo s thay i ti trng .
Trang 13

Hp s (8) dng h thng bnh rng hnh tinh v ly hp thu lc gim tc
v thay i t s truyn, trong hp s c 3 s tin v 3 s li. Trong gm: 2 b ly
hp thay i chiu di chuyn v 3 b ly hp di chuyn vi tc khc nhau.
Cng sut c a vo bn phi v tri bng trc bnh rng nn truyn n ly
hp li (13). Ly hp li (13) m v ct vic truyn cng sut t trc bnh rng nn n
b dn ng cui iu khin di chuyn my i.
Vic thay i hng di chuyn my c iu khin bi cn thit b li ct
cng sut ca ly hp li. Bn knh quay vng c iu khin vi phanh li (14) lp
bn ngoi ly hp li.
Phanh li (14) l loi phanh a ma st tng t nh ly hp li. Cng sut t ly
hp li truyn ra ngoi gim tc , truyn xung truyn ng cui (10) v lm quay
bnh xch (11).
B truyn ng cui gm mt h thng bnh rng tr trn v mt h thng bnh rng
hnh tinh .Bnh xch ko xch (12 ) lm my di chuyn. Cng sut t phanh li
c truyn n truyn ng cui.
B truyn ng cui (10) gim bt tc my vi h thng bnh rng tr v
bnh rng hnh tinh lm quay bnh xch (11) v ko xch (12) lm di chuyn
my.Du t bm dn ng qut lm mt ng c (6) lm quay mt qut (2).
Trang 14
4.3. S , NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH TRUYN NG

THU LC TRN MY I KOMATSU D275A-5
4.3.1. S mch truyn ng thu lc ca bin m.
3
5
KYHI
U:
ng d
u cao ap.
ng d
u i
u khi
n.
ng d
u xa.
38
37
39
40
42
Hnh 4.2. S hot ng van iu khin ca bin m

1- Van an ton chnh; 2- Van an ton bin m; 3- B bin m; 5- Lm mt du; 37Bm du truyn ng; 38- Lc du v van gim p sut truyn ng; 39- Lc th; 40 V b bin m; 42- Thng cha du h thng li.
* Nguyn l hot ng:
Du t thng cha du h thng li (42) qua lc th (39) c ht vo bm du
truyn ng (37), du cao p t bm qua van iu chnh p sut truyn ng v lc
(38) dn ln van an ton chnh (1) cung cp cho bin m thu lc (3) sau ri v
Trang 15

thng cha, ng thi mt phn du t bin m thu lc (3) i qua b lm mt du (5)
cung cp du cho bi trn. Nu p sut du trong bin m (3) ln qu mc cho
php du s c x bt qua van an ton bin m (2) vo v b bin m (40).
4.3.1.1. Van an ton chnh v van an ton b bin m.

* Van an ton chnh.
- Nhim v :Van an ton chnh gi p sut c nh cho b truyn lc, li hp li v
phanh.
- Nguyn l lm vic ca van an ton chnh (Hnh 4.4): Du t bm b truyn lc vo
khoang A ca van an ton chnh, ri qua l tit lu a vo bung B.
Khi du t bm n cha y trong mch, p sut du bt u tng ln.
Khi p sut du trong mch tng, du s vo bung B y pittng (3) nn l xo
van (5). Van an ton chnh (4) di chuyn sang tri theo hng mi tn v m khoang A
v C.
Du t bm c thng t khoang A ti khoang C, ri chy t khoang C n
bin m thu lc.
p sut du vo khoang A l 3.2 0.1 MPa (32.7 1.0 kG/cm2) .
n bin m n thung cha

thuy lc
1
6
2
A
3
a 4
Tbm
Trang 16
Hnh 4.3. Nguyn l hot ng ca van an ton chnh

1- Van an ton bin m; 2-L xo van an ton bin m; 3-Piston;
4-Van an ton chnh; 5- L xo van an ton chnh; 6-Piston.
* Van an ton bin m thu lc:
- Nhim v:
Van an ton bin m hot ng bo v b bin m khoi p sut cao t
ngt t bm nu p sut i vo bin m tng trn p sut cho php.
- Nguyn l lm vic ca van an ton bin m
Van an ton chnh (4) m du chy t khoang C n bin m thu lc, v ng
thi chy qua l b v vo khoang D.
Khi du c in y trong bin m, p sut du bt u tng ln. Khi p sut
du trong bin m tng, du i vo khoang D y pittng (6) nn l xo van (2), van an
ton bin m (1) di chuyn sang phi theo hng mi tn, v m thng khoang C v E.
Du t khoang c thng ti khoang E v x v thng cha. p sut du khoang C
l 10.2 0.5 kG/cm2.
Trang 17
n bi
n m
n thung ch
a
thuy l
c
D
6
C
A
3
T
bm
Hnh 4.4. Nguyn l hot ng van an ton bin m
4.3.1.2. Bin m thy lc

Bin m thu lc c lp gia trc ccng dn ng t bnh ng c v u vo
b truyn lc.
* Nhim v ca bin m thu lc: dng tch v ni ng c vi h thng
truyn lc v tng mmen quay trn trc s cp ca hp s.
* Cu to : gm c bnh bm (10) kt ni vi khp ni (1), trc vo (2), v v
dn ng (6) to thnh mt b v c quay bi ng c.
Tuabin (7) c kt ni vi may tuabin (16) v trc s cp ca hp s (15) to
thnh mt khi.
Bnh phn ng (8) c ni vi stato chnh (9) v trc stato (12) to thnh mt
khi v c nh vi mt trc v stato (14) v mt sau v stato (13).
V trc v v sau ca bin m thy lc c bt bulng ti mt trc ca hp s.
Trang 18
3
2
10
11
12
13
15
16
14
Hnh 4.5. Kt cu bin m thu lc

1- Khp ni; 2-Trc dn ng; 3- Bnh rng trung gian; 4- Trc bnh rng
trung gian; 5 - V b chuyn i lc ko; 6 - V bin m thu lc; 7 - Bnh tuabin; 8 Bnh phn ng; 9 - Stato chnh; 10 - Bnh bm; 11 - Vng cch; 12 - Trc stato; 13V mt sau ca stato; 14 - V mt trc ca stato; 15 - Trc s cp hp s; 16 - May
tuabin.
* Nguyn l lm vic :
- Truyn cng sut: Cng sut ng c c truyn qua li hp v trc cc-ng
n khp ni (1) lm quay trc dn ng (2) v bin m thy lc (6) v banh bm
(10). Cng sut thu lc ca bnh bm lm quay bnh tuabin (7) .Khi cng sut t
bnh tuabin truyn qua may tuabin (16) ti trc s cp hp s (15).
Cng sut ca trc dn ng (2) c dng iu khin bm bnh rng thng qua
bnh rng trung gian (3).
Trang 19

- Dng chy ca du: Du chy qua van an ton chnh v p sut du c gim
xung n p sut cho php nh van an ton bin m thu lc. Khi , du chy vo
ng du ca mt trc v stato ri i vo bnh bm (10).
Khi ng c lm vic, bnh bm quay v truyn c nng cho du. Di tc dng ca
lc ly tm, du chuyn sang bnh tuabin (7) v truyn c nng cho bnh .
Du t bnh tuabin (7) chuyn sang bnh phn ng (8) v sau tr v bnh bm v
lp li qu trnh chuyn ng nh trn mt cch tun hon gia ba bnh cng tc.
4.3.2. Bm truyn ng, bm du bi trn thit b li ( bm bnh rng)

1
10
Hnh 4.6. Kt cu bm bnh rng

1- Trc ch ng; 2- Pht lm kn; 3- Cht nh v; 4- Khp ni; 5- Khe h mt u;6Bnh rng ch ng bm du bi trn li; 7-Bnh rng b ng bm du bi trn h
thng li; 8- bulng; 9- Bnh rng b ng bm truyn ng; 10- Bnh rng ch ng
bm truyn ng
4.3.3. S mch truyn ng thu lc iu khin ly hp hp s
Trang 20
F
15
E
13
D
11
C
9
KYHI
U:
ng d
u cao ap.
ng d
u i
u khi
n.
ng d
u xa.
B
7
(1)
16
14
12
10
6
(2)
38
37
39
40
41
42
Hnh 4.7. Mch thu lc iu khin ly hp s

7- Cm van iu khin i n t ly hp s 1; 8- Ly hp s 1; 9- Cm van iu
khin i n t ly hp s 2; 10- - Ly hp s 2; 11- Cm van iu khin i n t ly hp s
3; 12- Ly hp s 3; 13- Cm van iu khin i n t ly hp tin ; 14- Ly hp tin; 15Cm van iu khin i n t ly hp li ; 16- Ly hp li ; 37- Bm truyn ng; 38Lc du v van iu chnh p sut truyn ng ; 39- Lc th; 40- V b bin m; 41
-Cha du h p s; 42 - Cha du h thng li.
Trang 21

* Nguyn l hot ng: Du t thng cha du h thng li (42) qua lc th
(39) c ht vo bm du truyn ng (37). Du cao p t bm truyn ng (37) qua
van iu chnh p sut v lc (38) chia lm hai mch:
- Mch (1) : Cung cp du t bm n cc ly hp hp s thng qua cc van iu
khin in t ly hp s thc hin vic ng m ly hp hp s.
- Mch (2) : Du t bm qua lc (6) tr thnh ng du iu khin cc v tr ca
cc van in t iu khin ly hp s ni thng ng du t bm n ly hp s (khi
ng ly hp) hoc x ng du t ly hp v thng cha (khi tch ly hp).
Trn s l my ang lm vic s 2 ( ly hp s 2 (10) ng), khi du t
bm (37) i qua cm van iu khin in t ly hp s 2 (9) cung cp cho ly hp s 2
(10).
4.3.3.1. Hp s
* Nhim v: Hp s dng thay i s vng quay v mmen ca ng c truyn n
dn ng cui ca my i cho ph vi iu kin lm vic.
* Cu to : Hp s bao gm h thng bnh rng hnh tinh v cc a ly hp , hp s c
3 tc tin v 3 tc li. Trong c 5 h thng bnh rng hnh tinh v a ly hp
ca b truyn ng, 2 ly hp c c nh bng vi van iu khin chn hng
quay v tc quay.
* Nguyn l lm vic:
- Khi ly hp v tr ban u:
2
Trang 22
Hnh 4.8. S nguyn l ca ly hp v tr ban u

1- Vnh rng; 2- a ly hp; 3- Tm ma st; 4- L xo y piston;
5- Cht; 6- Piston; 7 - V
Vnh rng (1) c kho vi a ly hp (2). Ly hp bao gm piston (6), tm ma st
(3), a (2), cht (5) v l xo y piston (4).
Rng trong ca a n khp vi rng ngoi ca vng rng. Rng ngoi ca tm
ma st n khp vi cht (5) v c gi cht bi v (7). Khi cha c du cp vo ng
sau piston (6) ca ly hp, cc tm ma st (3) v cc a (2) c t do.
- Khi ly hp v tr ng:
Du c p sut t van iu khin i qua ca ca v (7) ti mt sau ca piston
(6). Piston p tm ma st (3) vo a (2) v kt qu l lc ma st lm cho a (2) ngng
quay v vy vnh rng (1) n khp vi rng trong ca a (2) c kho li, ly hp
c ng .
Hnh 4.9. a ly hp v tr ng
Trang 23

- Ly hp v tr m
Khi x p sut du ng cung cp, piston (6) c tr v nh lc y ca l
xo (4) lc p gia tm (3) v a (2) khng cn, lm cho vnh rng (1) c t do, ly
hp c tch ra.
Hn 4.10. a ly hp v tr m.
4.3.3.2. Van iu khin in t ly hp hp s.

* Nhim v: Van iu khin in t t ng iu khin p sut du n hp s cao
hay thp, ph thuc vo cng dng in t b iu khin trung tm iu khin
p sut du cp vo ly hp. Cng dng in ny ph thuc vo mc ti ca
my do b iu khin trung tm nhn tn hiu t cm bin p sut du ca b phn
cng tc truyn n, vi mc ch chnh l lm cho ly hp ng m c m du. p
sut cp vo ly hp m bo lc p gia a v tm ma st truyn mmen xon
n truyn ng cui m bo c s di chuyn ca thit b.
Cng dng ca cng tc in y l gi tn hiu n b iu khin khi pht hin
ra rng ly hp c in y du.
* Trc khi sang s:
Trang 24
3
4
dr
1
2 dr
Hnh 4.12. a ly hp v tr m.
1- Van in t ; 2 - Van iu khin p sut; 3 - Van cm bin p sut;
4 - Cng tc in y;
Khi khng c dng in ti van in t (1) , p sut ti van iu khin (2) c
x, du ti khoang A ly hp qua ca x dr.
Ti thi im ny khng c p sut du ti van cm bin p sut (3), cng tc
in y (4) v tr tt.
* Cp du cho ly hp:
Dng in c cp ti van in t (1) m khng c du trong ly hp, lc in
t tc ng vo bung B, y van iu khin p sut (2) v bn phi. Lc ny khoang
P ca bm m thng vi khoang A, ly hp c in y du, cng tc in y (4)
bt du bt .
Trang 25
3
4
dr
1
B
2 dr
P
A
Hnh 4.12. Cp du cho ly hp

* Ly hp v tr ng:
Khi ly hp y du, cc a ly hp c p li vi nhau, lc ny ly hp c
ng li.
Nu dng in c cp tip tc ti van in t (1), pht sinh ra lc in t
tc ng mnh vo van iu khin (2). p sut du cp vo ly hp c iu chnh
bng s cn bng gia cc lc : lc y ca van in t (1), lc y ca p sut du
vo ly hp, lc tc ng ca l xo iu khin (5).
Trang 26
3
4
dr
1
Hnh 4.13. a ly hp v tr ng
Trang 27
4.3.4. S mch truyn ng thu lc iu khin ly hp li v phanh li.

19
18
20
21
I
22
23
KYHI
U:
17
ng d
u cao ap.
ng d
u i
u khi
n.
ng d
u xa.
25
H
27
G
(2)
29
30 (1)
38
24
26
28
37
39
42
Hnh 4.14. Mch thu lc iu khin ly hp li v phanh li

17- Van mt chiu; 18- Van trt phn phi ;19- Xylanh ko cht thit b xi; 20 - Ly
hp phi; 21 -Cm van iu khin in t ca ly hp phi; 22 - Phanh phi; 23 - Cm
van phn phi iu khin in t ca phanh phi; 24 - Van phanh dng; 25 - Van d
phng mt phanh; 26 - Phanh tri; 27 - Cm van phn phi iu khin in t ca
phanh tri; 28 - Ly hp tri; 29- Cm van phn phi iu khin in t ca ly hp tri;
30 - Lc sau cng; 37 Bm du truyn ng; 38- Lc v van iu chnh p sut
truyn ng; 39- Lc th; 42- Cha du h thng li.
Trang 28

* Nguyn l hot ng: Bm du truyn ng (37) ht du t khoang cha du h
thng li (42) i qua b lc th (39) cung cp du cho ly hp li v phanh li. Du cao
p t bm qua van iu chnh p sut v lc (38) n b lc (30) chia lm hai mch :
Mch (1) : Du cao p n thc hin vic ng m ly hp li bn tri (28)
nh s ng m ca cm van (29). Trn s cm van (29) m cho du t bm n
ng ly hp li ny. Ly hp li bn phi (20) cng c ng bi ng du cao p t
bm thng qua cm van (21) m. Van phanh d phng (25) ang v tr khng lm
vic.
Mch (2) : Du qua van mt chiu (17) cung cp n xilanh ko cht thit b
xi (19), trn hnh du t bm qua van trt phn phi (18) vo khoang tri xilanh
(19) y cht vo thit b xi khi cn thit b xi lm vic. Du cao p vo phanh
bn tri (26) ng m n thng qua van trt phn phi (27), trn s du cao p
vo xilanh phanh tri (26) v phanh tri c ct. Phanh bn phi (22) cng c ct
nh phanh tri (26) .
Trn s l my ang tin thng, c hai ly hp li (20) v (28) ng li ng
thi (cm van (21) v (29) u m du t bm cung cp cho c hai ly hp ny). C
hai phanh (22) v (26) m ra. Van phanh dng (24) khi a qua v tr m th du trong
mch c x ra, cho d ng c c hot ng hay khng cng khng lm vic c.
Trang 29
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17 18
19
20
21
22
4.3.4.1. Ly hp li v phanh li
Hnh 4.15. Kt cu ca ly hp li v phanh li
Trang 30

1- V; 2- Trc ra; 3- Xylanh; 4- L xo; 5- Piston phanh; 6- L xo tr v; 7- Tm ma
st; 8- a phanh; 9- Trng ngoi phanh; 10- May; 11- V a nn; 12- Chm; 13 a nn A; 14- Trc bnh rng cn; 15- Bnh rng cn; 16- a nn B; 17- May;
18- Trng ngoi ly hp; 19- Tm ly hp; 20 - a ly hp; 21- Piston ly hp; 22- May.
* Trc bnh rng nn truyn ng.
Trc bnh rng nn c nhim v gim bt tc u truyn ra ca hp s.
Cu to ca b truyn gm: cp bnh rng nn n khp vi nhau, trc bnh rng (14)
c bi hai a nn (13) v (16).
* Ly hp li.
+ Nhim v: Ly hp li ghp ni ti c 2 trc bnh rng cn ln lt thng qua
cc cht. Chng truyn v ct cng sut ca trc bnh rng nn ti dn ng cui, thay
i v iu khin s di chuyn ca my.
+ Cu to ca ly hp li (Hnh 4.16): ly hp li l kiu ly hp nhiu a. Chng
c dn ng bng thu lc lin kt vi phanh bi van iu khin in t, c vn
hnh bi cn iu khin. Ly hp li c bi trn bi du c p sut, du ny c
cung cp bi bm du truyn ng. Du bi trn t bm dn qua ng dn trong v
n np, xylanh, may, a v tm phng.
Mi ly hp li bao gm may (17) ghp ni vi trc bnh rng nn bi cht,
a (20) n khp vi may v tm ma st (19), mt ngoi ca n ni vi trng ngoi
ca ly hp (18), piston ly hp (21) c nhim v p a v tm li vi nhau. Trng
ngoi ly hp (18) v may (10) ni ti phanh li v truyn cng sut t trc bnh rng
nn thng qua may (22) ti trc ra.
+ Hot ng ca ly hp li:
- Khi ly hp v tr ng
Khi cn iu khin v tr trung gian van iu khin in t ca ly hp li tc
ng ti a, p sut du thu lc c a ti piston ly hp (1). Vi iu kin ny
piston ly hp p qua bn phi bng lc y ca du, p a (2) v tm (3) c nh vi
trng ngoi ly hp (4). V vy cng sut t trc bnh rng nn (5) truyn qua may
Trang 31

(6), qua a v tm ly hp, ra trng ngoi (4) qua may (7) v (8), truyn ra trc ngoi
(9) n dn ng cui.
7
8
5
9
Hnh 4.16 . Ly hp v tr ng.

1- Piston ly hp; 2- a ly hp; 3- Tm ma st; 4- Trng ngoi ca ly hp;
5- Trc bnh rng cn; 6,7,8- May; 9- Trc ra.
- Khi ly hp li v tr ct
Nu cn iu khin c y qua phi hoc tri, van iu khin in t ca ly hp
li m v x mch du, khi p sut thu lc sau ca piston ly hp (1) c x nn
khng cn lc p gia a v tm ma st. Cng sut t trc bnh rng (5) ch lm quay
may (6) v a p (2), khng truyn ng ti trng ngoi ly hp (4) nn khng truyn
ra n dn ng cui.
Trang 32
Hnh 4.17 . Ly hp v tr ct.

Nu ly hp bn tri v tr ct cng sut ch truyn qua ly hp bn phi v thit
b quay vng sang tri v ngc li.
* Phanh li.
Phanh li ni vi ly hp li trn hai pha ring bit. Phanh li iu khin ni
hoc ct cng sut truyn t ly hp li n dn ng cui thay i hng di chuyn
ca my v dng my.
Trang 33

+ Cu to : phanh li l kiu ly hp nhiu a vi lc p l lc l xo. Chng c dn
ng bng thu lc cng vi ly hp li bi van iu khin in t. Phanh li cng
ging nh ly hp li l c bi trn bi du c p sut.
Mi phanh li gm may (10) ni vi trng ngoi ly hp (18), a (8) n khp vi
may, mt ngoi ca tm ma st (7) ni vi trng ngoi ca phanh (9) bi cht. L xo
(4), xylanh (3), may (22), np (1) v trc ra (2) c gn vo gi . Trng phanh
ngoi (9) v np (1) c c nh vi v. Trc ra (2) ni vi may (22) bi cht v c
nh li bng c iu khin.
+ Nguyn l hot ng ca phanh li:
- Khi phanh li v tr t do
1
7
6
8
Hnh 4.18. Ly hp phanh v tr t do.

1- L xo; 2- Piston phanh; 3- a p; 4- Tm ma st;
Trang 34

5,7- May; 6 - Trc bnh rng nn truyn ng ; 8- Trc ra
Khi cn iu khin v tr trung gian v bn p phanh v tr t do, van iu
khin in t ca phanh li tc ng p sut du ti a n phanh li. Do ly hp li
ng, ng du p sut cao t bm du truyn ng n tc ng pha sau piston (2)
ca phanh p l xo (1) sang tri lm gim p sut a (3) v tm (4) xung bng
khng. Khi cng sut truyn t trc bnh rng nn (6) qua ly hp li ti may (5)
truyn tip qua may (7) truyn ra trc ra (8) ti dn ng cui.
- Khi phanh li v tr phanh:
1
3 4
Hnh 4.19. Phanh li ng.

Nu tc ng vo cn iu khin sang phi hoc sang tri th s lm thay i v
tr van iu khin in t, ly hp li c ct v p sut thu lc tc ng pha sau
piston phanh (2) c x v mch du. Piston phanh b y sang phi bi sc cng ca
l xo (1) khi a (3) v tm ma st (4) c p li dng trng ngoi phanh (5)
nn hai bn trc ca dn ng cui c phanh li.
Trang 35

- Khi quay vng ( cn iu khin v tr trung gian v p vo mt trong hai
bn p phanh):
1
2
Hnh 4.20. Ly hp phanh c iu khin quay vng

Khi mun quay vng ngi iu khin p bn p phanh, van iu khin in t ca
phanh lm thay i p sut du tc ng vo pha sau piston phanh (1). Lc ny mch
du c x, khi ch c phanh lm vic, ly hp li gi v tr m v trc ra (2) dng
li. Ngi iu khin tc ng vo bn p phanh no th my quay vng bn .
4.3.4.2. Van iu khin in t (ECMV) ca phanh li v ly hp li.

Van iu khin in t bao gm 1 van iu khin p sut v 1 cng tc in y.
* Van iu khin p sut:
Trang 36

Van iu khin p sut cho php van in t nhn 1 dng in t b iu khin
li v chuyn dng in n p sut du.
* Cng tc in y:
Khi ly hp y du b phn ny c nhim v sau:
- Khi ly hp c in y du, lc ny c mt tn hiu c cp n b i
khin v truyn n thit b cui.
- Khi p lc du tc ng n ly hp, tn hiu c cp n b iu khin v
truyn ton b p sut du.
* Nguyn l hot ng ca ECMV:
+ Khi cn iu khin v tr trung gian v bn p phanh v tr t do:
ECMV ly h
p trai
ECMV phanh trai
Pb
Dr
Pc
Dr F
ECMV phanh phai
Van an toan chnh

Van i
u khi
n
truy
n
ng
ECMV ly h
p
phai
Phanh phai
Ly h
p trai ong
ON
OFF
Phanh trai c
t
ng d
u ap su
t cao
ng d
u h
i th
p ap
Hnh 4.21a. S iu khin phanh li v ly hp li

Trang 37

1,5- Cun dy in t ; 2,6- Van bi; 3,8- Van trt; 4,7 -L xo van.
Khi cn iu khin v tr trung gian v bn p phanh v tr t do, dng in
vo cun dy in t (1) ca van in t ly hp c m v van bi (2) c y sang
tri ng kn ng du. Du t b truyn lc chy qua van an ton chnh n ca
Pc ca van in t ly hp. Sau , du tip tc chy qua l a n khoang F v y van
(3) sang tri m thng gia ca Pc v ca C v ng ng thng gia ca C v
ca Dr.
Du t ca C chy n pha sau ca ly hp ng ly hp. Cun dy in t (5) ca
van in t phanh c m v van bi (6) c y sang tri ng kn. Du trong
ca Pb chy n ca E v y van (8) sang tri m ng thng gia ca Pb v ca
B v ng ng thng gia B v Dr.
Du trong ca B chy n pha sau ca piston phanh. Khi p sut du pha sau
tng, piston phanh di chuyn sang tri v nn l xo phanh nh phanh.
+ Khi cn iu khin c ko sang tri ht mt na hnh trnh ca n:
ECMV ly h
p trai
ECMV phanh trai

6
Pb
ECMV phanh phai
Dr
Pc
Dr
Dr
Dr
ECMV ly h
p
phai
Phanh phai
ON
OFF
Ly h
p trai nha
Phanh trai na ong
Trang 38
Hnh 4.22b. Phanh tri na tch , ly hp tri nh.

1,3 - Cun dy in t; 2,4 - Van bi; 5 - Van trt; 6 - L xo van
Khi khng c dng in vo cun dy in t (1) ca ECMV ly hp tri, van bi (2)
m. Du t bm truyn ng chy qua ca Pc, n l tit lu a ri tc ng vo van
bi (2). V vy, ng thng gia ca Pc v ca C c ng v ng thng gia ca
C v Dr c m. Nh vy du trong ca C c x qua ca x Dr, ly hp c tch
ra.
Khi c dng in tc ng vo cun dy in t (3) ca ECMV phanh tri, van bi (4)
c y sang tri lm kn. Du t trong ca Pb chy n ca E v y van trt
(5) sang tri. p sut du vo ca B v mch du c iu khin bi dng in t b
iu khin n cun dy in t (3) theo dch chuyn ca cn iu khin.
Dng in n vo cun dy in t (3) sinh ra lc in t. p sut du c n nh
ti thi im m lc in t ny c cn bng vi tng lc y ca p sut du trong
phanh v lc tr li ca l xo van (6).
V vy, nu hnh trnh cn iu khin ngn, p sut du trong ca B c iu khin
cao v phanh na tch. Nu hnh trnh iu khin di, p sut du c iu khin
mc thp v phanh c ng hon ton.
4.4. CC THIT B CA MCH THU LC CNG TC .

4.4.1. Bm cung cp du cho thit b cng tc.
* Nhim v:
Dng cung cp nng lng du cho cc thit b cng tc nh: nng h
nghing ben, nng h nghing li co.
y l kiu bm piston rto hng trc p sut cao, lu lng 256 l/ph, tc
2286 v/ph, p sut bm 280 kG/cm2, iu chnh lu lng bng a nghing c nh.
* Cu to:
Trang 39

Thn xylanh c gn ln trc (1) bng then dn hng (13) v trc (1) c
bi bi a trc v sau. u piston (8) c dng hnh cu lm v gn tip xc vo
(5) to hnh mt khi. Cam lc (4) v (5) lun p st v trt ln nhau khi quay.
Khong di chuyn trong xylanh (9) ca piston (8) ph thuc vo gc nghing
ca cam lc (4).
Van a (10) nhm ng m ng v tr ng ht v y ca bm khi bm lm
vic. Cnh qut (12) c c nh vi trc (1) v quay cng trc (1), n lm cho du
d dng ht vo cc ca ht ca xylanh nh lc ly tm to p sut.
10
11
12
13
Hnh 4.23 . Kt cu ca bm cng tc.
1- Trc; 2- V; 3- Gi lc; 4- Cam lc (a nghing); 5- ; 6- Piston tr ng; 7- Cn
iu khin; 8- Piston; 9- Thn xylanh; 10- Van a; 11- Np; 12- Cnh qut; 13- Then
dn hng.
* Nguyn l lm vic.
ng c quay, truyn ng lm quay trc bm, nh gc nghing ca a nn
piston chuyn ng trong xylanh v thc hin qu trnh ht, nn to p sut du
Trang 40

truyn ng cho cc c cu chp hnh. Bm thay i c lu lng ra nh thay i
gc nghing ca a.
Khi xylanh (9) quay cng vi trc (1) v (5) trt trn mt A. Khi cam
lc (4) di chuyn dc theo mt tr B, gc c to thnh bi tm trc (1) v tm ca
cam lc (4), lu lng bm ph thuc vo gc nghing , gc c iu khin bi
cn iu khin (7) tc ng n cam lc (4).
4.4.2. Van iu chnh cng sut ca bm du cng tc( Van LS).

* Nhim v: iu chnh gc nghing ca a nghing trong bm nhm thay i cng
sut bm ph hp vi iu kin lm vic.
* Nguyn l lm vic ca mch thu lc van LS :
+ Khi van iu khin ti v tr ch:
- Van LS l van iu chnh 3 ca vi p sut bm chnh PP tc ng vo ca d v p
sut iu khin PLS ( pressure load signal) t ca ra ca van iu khin mch du
cng tc tc ng vo ca a.
- Piston (4) ca van iu chnh gc nghing a bm c tc ng bi lc ca l xo
(3) v v tr ca piston (4) c xc nh bi p sut du tc ng vo din tch cc
mt piston (4) v lc l xo (3).
-p sut du bm chnh PP lun tc ng ti ca d v e. p sut iu khin PLS vo
khoang g t ca a
Trang 41

g
PP
PP
PLS
c
f
1
Hnh 4.24. S nguyn l hot ng ca van LS khi bm cha hot ng

1- Piston t l; 2- Cn gt; 3- L xo; 4- Piston
- Trc khi ng c khi ng, piston t l (1) c y ht qua phi ( Hnh 4.25)
Sau khi ng c khi ng, nu cn iu khin v tr ch, p sut du iu khin
PLS bng khng (mch du c x van trt iu khin).
Khi , piston (4) c y qua tri, ca d v ca c c ni thng. p sut
du bm chnh vo ca f tc ng vo pha ng knh ln ca piston (1), do chnh
lch ng knh ca hai pha piston nn piston (1) di chuyn qua tri lm cho gc
nghing ca a bm nh nht.
Trang 42
.
Hnh 4.25. V tr ban u ca cn gt
1- Piston t l; 2 - Cn gt; 5 L xo t
+ Tng lu lng bm (Hnh 4.26) .
Khi tng p sut iu khin PLS, piston (4) di chuyn qua phi nh lc l xo (3)
kt hp vi p sut iu khin PLS ln hn p sut bm chnh PP tc ng vo bung
h, khi ca b v ca c c ni thng, p sut du t ca f c x v thng, p sut
du do bm tc ng vo u ng knh nh ca piston (1) lm piston di chuyn qua
phi, thng qua cn gt (2) lm tng gc nghing a bm v ngc li l gim lu
lng bm.
Trang 43

4
PP
PP
PLS
c
Hnh 4.26. Khi tng lu lng bm

+ Khi piston t l cn bng ( Hnh 4.27).
Nu p sut bm chnh PP cn bng vi tng hp lc l p sut iu khin PLS
khoang g v lc l xo (3), piston t l (1) ng yn ti mt v tr trung gian v gc
nghing a c gi c nh ti mt v tr. Lc ny lc y pha ng knh nh v
pha ng knh ln piston t l (1) c cn bng.
PP
PP
g
PLS
a
c
Hnh 4.27. V tr cn bng ca van iu khin gc nghing a bm

Trang 44
4.4.3 Van tit lu

* Nhim v :
Van tit lu c t gia van iu chnh gc nghing ca a bm v ca vo
pha ng knh ln ca piston t l :
- gim tc ca a nghing gia MAX v MIN p sut cao, gim lc tc
ng ln cn iu gt v b phn khc ca bm chnh v ngn chn s tr li qu
mc ca cn iu khin.
- ngn chn s si bt ca ht v s gia tng t ngt th tch ht khi thay i
t MIN n MAX.
* Nguyn l hot ng:
Khi p sut y ca bm cao.
PP
PP
a
3
b
6
c f
PLS
Hinh 4.28. S nguyn l hot ng ca van tit lu khi p sut bm cao

1- Piston t l;2- Cn gt; 3- L xo; 4- Cn
Trang 45

5- Van iu chnh gc nghing a bm; 6- Van tit lu.
Trong van tit lu (6) , du t bm chnh c p sut PP qua van LS (5) v n
ca b v vo khoang f.
Khi p sut du t bm chnh PP cao, nu ln hn lc l xo (3) do chnh lch
tit din ng knh piston bung f, cn (4) di chuyn sang tri.
Nu cn (4) di chuyn sang tri, ng thng t ca a n ca c c thu hp,
v vy lu lng ca du i vo phn ng knh ln ca piston t l (1) t ca d b
gim xung v tc di chuyn ca piston t l (1) tr nn chm hn.
Khi p sut y ca bm thp.
4
a
PLS
Hinh 4.29. Khi p sut y ca bm thp

Khi p sut du bm chnh PP thp, du i vo bung f t ca b, p sut du
y thp, nh hn lc l xo(3), v th cn (4) c y sang phi.
Tit din lu thng t khoang a n khoang c tr nn ln hn, v th p sut
du qua van LS c truyn ton b n pha ng knh ln ca piston t l (1).
4.4.4 Van gim p

Trang 46

* Chc nng
Gim p sut y ca bm chnh v cung cp p sut du iu khin n van
in t, van nng h nghing ben i,
* Nguyn l hot ng
Khi ng c ngng hot ng :
3
4
5
6
PC
P1
7
PR
P2
Cu
m van i
u khi
n
2
Van i
u khi
n
nngha
, nghingben
Van i
u chnh
goc nghinga bm
Hnh 4.30. S hot ng ca van gim p

1- Van piston; 2- L xo; 3- Lc; 4- L xo y van kim; 5- Van kim;
6- L xo; 7- Van piston
P1 : du t bm
P2 : n van iu khin
PR : Cung cp n van nng h nghing ben i,
Van kim (5) c y t vo bi l xo (4) v ng thng gia khoang T v
khoang PR c ng.
Trang 47

Van piston (7) c y xung bi l xo (6) v ng thng gia ca P1 v PR
c m. Van (1) c y sang tri bi l xo (2) v ng thng gia ca P1 v P2
c ng.
Khi c ti, p sut ti P2 tng :
4
3
5
6
PC
P1
7
PR
P2
Cu
m van i
u khi
n
2
Van i
u khi
n
nng ha
, nghing ben
Van i
u chnh
goc nghing a bm
Hnh 4.31. Hot ng ca van gim p khi c ti

Khi c ti p sut ti P2 tng v p sut y ca bm tng do s hot ng ca
thit b cng tc, p sut ti P1 gy ra p lc thng lc l xo (2) v p lc do p sut
PR sinh ra, van (1) di chuyn sang phi n ht hnh trnh ca n. Kt qu l tit din
lu thng gia ca P1 v P2 tng , du t bm dn cm van iu khin v van LS .
Trang 48

Nu p sut ti PR tng trn p sut nh mc. Van kim (5) m v du chy t ca
PR qua l kim a trong piston (7) v m van kim (5) n thng cha du. V vy,s
chnh lch p sut c sinh ra gia trc v sau l kim a trong piston (7) v piston
(7) di chuyn ln ng ng thng gia ca P1 v PR. p sut du ti ca P1
gim xung v gi p sut nh mc v bng vi p sut PR.
Khi p sut tng cao qu mc cho php:
P1
PR
C
Van i
u khi
n
nng ha
, nghing ben
Hnh 4.32. Hot ng ca van gim p khi qu ti

Nu p sut ti ca PR trn van gim p tng cao t ngt, van bi (9) c nng
ln chng li lc l xo p (8) v du chy t ca PR n thng cha. V vy, p sut
PR gim thit b thu lc c bo v an ton.
4.4.5. Cc thit b thu lc ph tr

Trang 49
4.4.5.1. Xi lanh thu lc nng h li i

My i komatsu D275A -5 c hai xy lanh thy lc nng h li i cng chung
mt ng du, l loi xilanh thu lc tc dng hai chiu, n c hai khoang cng tc.
Khoang ca xilanh thu lc c cn piston gi l khoang cn piston, cn khoang v tr
i din gi l khoang piston.
* Kt cu:
10
11
12 13
14
VAN
GIAM
CH
N
Hnh 4.33. Kt cu xy lanh my i KOMATSU D275A-5

1-L bt cht; 2- ng lt;3-. Np m; 4- u xy lanh; 5- Xy lanh; 6- Cn
piston; 7- ng lt; 8- Np xylanh; 9. Pht lm kn; 10- m lt; 11- Pht lm kn; 12Van piston; 13- Piston; 14- van .
* Nguyn l lm vic :
Khi dng cht lng c p sut cao c van iu khin cung cp vo mt trong
hai khoang ca xylanh thu lc th piston v cn piston s dch chuyn v pha tng
ng. Xy lanh thu lc c nhim v nng h li i ca my i khi lm vic cng nh
Trang 50

khi ang di chuyn khng ti, trn piston xy lanh thu lc c gn 3 van piston (12),
van ny nm trong t , t lch nhau 120 0, c tc dng m bo p sut du xy lanh
khng tng ln khi piston kt thc hnh trnh
4.4.5.2. Van gim chn ( Van piston).

* Chc nng : Van piston c lp t trn piston trong xy lanh nng h li i, khi
cn piston dch chuyn n cui hnh trnh, van piston c tc dng lm gim p sut
du c cung cp t bm, lm cho li i c nng h mt cch m du.
* Nguyn l lm vic :
- Khi van piston ng:
4
5
6
Hnh 4.34.Van piston ng

1- Cn piston; 2- Piston; 3- Van piston; 4- van; 5-Xilanh; 6- Np xilanh
Cn piston (1) dch chuyn qua li trong xy lanh di tc dng ca du c p
sut , khi du vo khoang cn piston trong xy lanh (5), lc ny van piston (3) b y v
bn phi theo hng mi tn t vo van (4) lm ng kn mch du i qua n. V
vy, p sut du trong xilanh tng lm cho piston (2) di chuyn sang phi.
-
Khi van piston m:
Trang 51
4
5
Hnh 4.35. Van piston m

Khi hnh trnh cn piston (1) kt thc, ui piston (2) chm vo np xy lanh (6)
lm cho van piston (3) m ra v cho du i qua khoang piston ca xy lanh, p sut
trong khoang cn piston trong xy lanh gim xung. Nh vy van c m t ng
gim p sut va tng ln cui qu trnh nng hay h ca cn piston (1) trong xy
lanh, lm cho piston (2) khng chm vo np xy lanh gy va p, v th dao i c
nng h nh nhng,m du
4.4.5.3.Bnh tch nng cho van iu khin thit b cng tc (van PPC)
* Chc nng:
Bnh tch nng thu lc c b tr gia bm cung cp du cho van iu khin
thit b cng tc v van iu khin thit b cng tc . Bnh tch nng c nhim v tch
tr nng lng d tha khi van PPC khng dng ht v cung cp thm nng lng khi
yu cu ca van PPC vt kh nng ca bm.
* Thng s k thut:
Loi kh s dng:
kh Nit
Th tch kh:
300 cm3
p sut ln nht:
32 KG/cm2
p sut nh nht:
12 KG/cm2
* Kt cu :
Trang 52
1
2
3
4
5
Hnh 4.36. Kt cu bnh tch nng thu lc

1- Nt ; 2- V; 3- Piston mng; 4 -Vng kp; 5- u ng ni
* Nguyn l lm vic :
- Khi ng c ngng, khi van PPC v tr trung gian .
B Lp 05C4A
SVTH: L Minh Phuc-
Trang 53
Hnh 4.37. Trc khi vn hnh van PPC
Du vi p sut cao c dn vo bung B y piston mng (3) i ln nn kh Nit

trong bung A li. Nh vy du tch cho piston mng mt th nng v cho kh Ni t
mt p nng.
- Khi van PPC c vn hnh .
Trang 54
Hnh 4.38. Khi vn hnh van PPC

p sut du trong khoang B gim xung v p sut ca kh Nit trong bung A
gin n ra y piston mng (3) h xung, y du ra khi bnh, v vy p sut du
trong bung B hot ng nh l p sut du iu khin v vn hnh van iu khin
chnh.
4.4.5.4. Van in t ng cht thit b xi

* Chc nng: Van in t ng cht c iu khin bng cch xoay cng tc n v
tr ON/OFF. Khi s thay i lu lng du trong mch n xi lanh ng cht v
t cht ca b rng xi n v tr y vo ( b rng xi lm vic) hoc ko ra
( b rng xi khng lm vic).
* Nguyn l lm vic :
- Cng tc ng cht bt:
Trang 55

T
bm d
u truy
n
ng
2
3
1 P
Cng t
t b
t
6
5
A
C
4 D
Hnh 4.39. V tr gi cht

1- Van piston; 2- Thn van; 3- L xo; 4- Xi lanh gi cht ;
5- Cht gi b rng xi;6- B rng xi; 7- Cun dy in t; 8- Thanh y
Khi khng c dng in n cun dy in t (7) v van in t khng hot

ng. Khi khoang P v khoang A c ni thng , du t bm truyn ng chy t
khoang P n khoang A v i vo khoang C ca xilanh gi cht (4 ).
Khi du i vo khoang C ca xilanh (4) v p sut trong mch bt u tng ln y
cht b rng xi (5) sang phi gi vo b rng xi (6), khi rng xi lm vic.
Trang 56
- Cng tc ng cht ngt :

T
bm d
u truy
n
ng
Cng t
t ng
t
Hnh 4.40. V tr rt cht

Dng in kch thch c cp ti cun dy in t (7) , lc in t sinh ra
trong cun dy ny y cn (8) v piston (1) di chuyn sang tri theo hng mi tn.
Khi , ng thng gia khoang P v khoang A c ng li cn khoang P v B
c ni thng. V vy du t bm truyn ng chy t khoang P n khoang B v
chy n khoang D trong xilanh gi cht (4). Khi du i vo khoang D v p sut du
trong mch tng ln, y cht gi b rng xi (5) sang tri ra khi b rng xi (6), khi
rng xi khng lm vic.
4.4.5.5. ng dn
Gm cc ng dn dng dn cht lng (nng lng) t bm n xy lanh thu lc v
t xy lanh thu lc tr v thng du, tu theo iu kin lm vic m ngi ta c th
dng loi ng dn mm v ng dn cng. V cc ng dn h thng truyn ng
Trang 57

thng chu p sut cao nn cn ch n sc bn ca ng v kht cc mi ni,
mt khc khi lp rp cc ng c p sut cao cn trnh lp qu cng, gy ng sut trong
thnh ng trnh nt v ng.
4.5. S , NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH THU LC CNG

TC MY I KOMATSU D275A -5
* Nguyn l chung :
S mch thu lc ny bao gm cc h thng cng tc nh nng, h li i,
nghing li i, nng h li xi, nghing li xi v iu khin qut lm mt ng
c.
C mch c cung cp du bi bm HPV95 qua h thng 4 van trt phn
phi c iu khin bi hai cn iu khin cung cp du cho cc b phn cng tc
ca ben i v xi. Mt nhnh ca mch du c a n lm quay mt qut lm
mt sau khi qua cc van iu khin vi tn hiu iu khin l cc cm bin nhit
lm mt nc.
Trong mch ny c nhiu van tit lu, van an ton, van mt chiu. Nh s phi
hp hp l cc loi van trong mch truyn ng thu lc, chng ta c th to nn c
ch lm vic n nh ca truyn ng theo mun.
Trang 58
S MA
CH CNG TAC THUYL
C CUA MAY UI KOMAT'SU D275A-5
1
22
3 4
16
23
17
10
18
5
11
24
25
19
26
27
21
20
KYHI
U:
ng d
u cao ap.
ng d
u i
u khi
n cac van.
ng d
u xa.
ng d
u nng hali ui.
ng d
u nghing li ui
ng d
u nng hali xi.
ng d
u nghing li xi.
Blo
c
13
12
Van m
t chi
u
Van ti
t lu khng i
u
chnh
14
7
15
8
Hnh 4.41. S mch thu lc ca my i Komatsu D275A-5
4.5.1. S mch thu lc nng h khi li i v tr gi
Trang 59

1
KYHI
U:
ng d
u cao ap
ng d
u i
u khi
n cac van
ng d
u xa
ng d
u nng hali ui.
Blo
c
Van m
t chi
u
Van ti
t lu khng i
u chnh
5
6
7
10
Hnh 4.42. S mch thu lc nng h khi li i v tr gi

1 - Van iu khin nng h li i; 2- Van kho; 3- Bnh tch nng thu lc; 4 - Van
phn phi iu khin bng thu lc; 5 - Van an ton; 6 - Van gim p; 7 - Cm bm
du cng tc; 8 - Xilanh phi nng h li i; 9 - Xilanh tri nng h li i; 10 Thng cha du.
* Nguyn l lm vic :
Khi li i v tr gi, cn gt ca van iu khin (1) v tr trung gian, van
phn phi (4) v tr ng ng t cm bm (7) n cc xilanh cng tc (8) v (9),
ng thi ng lun ng du t xilanh v thng cha, li i c gi ti v tr c
nh. Du t thng cha du (10) qua bm du (7) i n van gim p (6) v van an
ton (5), t van an ton (5) chia thnh ba ng du :
- Cung cp du cao p cho van iu chnh gc nghing a bm (van LS) ca
cm bm du (7).
Trang 60

- Cung cp du cao p n van phn phi (4) iu khin nng h li i.
- Cung cp du iu khin cho van LS iu khin vic iu chnh gc
nghing a bm (iu chnh cng sut bm du mch thu lc cng tc)
Du cao p qua van gim p (6) cung cp p sut du iu khin cho van iu
khin nng h li i (1), v tr gi ca li i du iu khin qua van ny c x
ht v thng cha du (10).
4.5.2. S mch thu lc nng li i.

1
KY HI
U:
ng d
u cao ap
ng d
u i
u khi
n cac van
ng d
u xa
ng d
u nng hali ui.
Blo
c
Van m
t chi
u
Van ti
t lu khng i
u chnh
5
6
10
Hnh 4.43. S mch thu lc khi nng li i.

1 - Van iu khin nng h li i; 2- Van kho; 3- Bnh tch nng thu lc; 4 - Van
phn phi iu khin bng thu lc; 5 - Van an ton; 6 - Van gim p; 7 - Cm bm
du cng tc; 8 - Xilanh phi nng h li i; 9 - Xilanh tri nng h li i;
10 - Thng cha du.
* Nguyn l lm vic :
Trang 61

- Khi nng li i, y cn iu khin ca van (1) nghing v bn phi (nh
hnh 4.43), du t thng cha du s (10) c bm ln t bm du s (7) qua van
gim p s (6 ) cung cp mt p sut du iu khin y van phn phi (4) sang tri
so vi v tr ban u ( v tr gi ca li i) ni thng ng du cao p t bm ti
khoang cn piston ca hai xilanh nng h li i (8) v (9) ng thi ni ng du t
khoang piston v thng cha thc hin vic nng li i. Mt lng nh du t
bm qua lc v van tit lu n cung cp cho mch iu khin van LS iu chnh
cng sut bm cho hp l.
- Hnh trnh h li i, cn iu khin ca van (1) nghing sang tri, khi van
phn phi (4) c y sang tri m thng ng du t bm n khoang piston trong
xilanh (8) v (9) thc hin qu trnh h li i.
4.5.3. S mch thu lc nghing li i:

1
2
3
9
5
KYHI
U:
ng d
u cao ap.
ng d
u i
u khi
n.
ng d
u xa.
ng du nghing ban ui
Lo
c d
u
Van m
t chi
u
Van ti
t lu khng i
u chnh
c
10
Hnh 4. 44. S mch thu lc nghing li i.

1 - Van iu khin nghing li i; 2- Van kho; 3- Bnh tch nng thu lc; 4 - Van
trt phn phi iu khin bng thu lc; 5 - Van an ton; 6 - Van gim p; 7 - Cm
Trang 62

bm du cng tc; 8 - Cm van iu chnh lu lng bm; 9 - Xilanh nghing li i;
10 - Thng cha du.
* Nguyn l lm vic : Van trt phn phi s (4) v tr trung gian, cc ca
lu thng u c ng, du thu lc t bnh du s (10) c ht ln bm du (7)
n van an ton (5) khng n c xilanh nghing li i (9) v du t cc khoang
trong xilanh ny c thng v thng cha (10). Trn s ny van iu khin s (1)
v tr trung gian, du t bm qua van gim p (6) n van iu khin (1), mch du
iu khin ca van ny khng tc ng n van s (4) m c thng vi thng cha
(10). Lc ny lc ny th cn piston trong xilanh (9) c gi nguyn khng di
chuyn v li i c nm ti mt v tr c nh. p sut du li hai khoang pha
trc v pha sau piston trong xi lanh nghing li i c cn bng.
5. TNH TON BM DU TRUYN NG.
5.1. XC NH CC THNG S C BN CA BM BNH RNG

y l bm bnh rng dng cung cp du cho cc thit b truyn ng nh:
ly hp, hp s, h thng li.
* Cc thng s bit:
Lu lng thc t :
Q = 188 l/ph
S vng quay trc bm :
n = 2300 v/ph
p sut du lm vic :
p = 32,7 at
* Thng s chn :
Mdun m ca bnh rng :
m = 6 mm = 0,0006 m
Hiu sut lu lng :
Q = 0,9
Hiu sut c kh :
ck = 0,85
Trang 63

* Gi s th tch ca mi rng l a, s vng quay ca bm l n, nu bnh rng
ch ng v bnh rng b ng ging nhau v c s rng l z, th lu lng l thuyt
trung bnh ca bm vi s vng quay n trong mt n v thi gian l:
Qlt = 2.z.a.n
trong :
a
t
.d
.h.b vi t
l bc rng.
2
z
D - ng knh vng ln.

b - chiu dy bnh rng.
h - chiu cao n khp (h = 2.m).
m m dun ca bnh rng m
D
.
z
Nh vy :
Qlt = 2..D.m.b.n
(5 - 1)
Nu nh s rng ca hai bnh rng khng nh nhau th s ly s rng ca bnh

rng ch ng tnh.
i vi cc bnh rng c s rng nh ( Z = 6 12) th th tch ca rnh rng ln hn
th tch ca rng , thay s trong cng thc (5- 1) bng h s 3,5 nn ta c:
Qlt = 7.D.m.b.n
(5 - 2)
Trong thc t lu lng thu c Q t hn, v mt phn cht lng b r r theo cc khe
h chy v bng ht.
Vy lu lng thc t ca bm bnh rng l:
Q = Q .Qlt = 7. Q.D.m.b.n
(5 -3)
Trong Q l hiu sut lu lng, k ti cc tn tht lu lng ca bm.

T cng thc tnh lu lng gn ng ca bm ta c:
Q = 7. Q.D.m.b.n = 7. Q.m3.b.Z2.n
Trong :
Trang 64
m3/ph
(5 -4)

D ng knh ca vng ln c xc nh theo m v Z bng : D = m.Z
b chiu rng tng i ca bnh rng.
b =
b
; b c chn ph thuc vo p sut p ca cht lng lm vic nh sau:
m.Z
(Trang 262 - Bi tp Thu lc v My thu lc - NXB i hc v THCN)

P (at)
> 10
> 25
> 70
1 0,65
0,7 0,5
0,4 0,25
T biu thc tnh lu lng (5-4) ta xc nh c s rng ca mi bnh rng:

Z=
Trong :
Q
7.Q .m 3 .b'.n
(5 -5)
Q tnh bng m3/ph

n vg/ph
p sut du lm vic l p = 32,7 at nn chn : b = 0,6

Th s vo (5 -5) ta c:
Z=
188.10 3
= 10
7.0,9.0,006 3.0,6.2300
Cc kch thc khc ca bnh rng ( i vi bnh rng khng dch chnh) c xc
nh theo m v Z nh sau:
- Chiu rng bnh rng : b = b.m.Z = 0,6.6.10 = 36 mm
- ng knh vng ln : D = m.Z = 6.10 = 60 mm
- Chiu cao n khp :
h = 2.m = 2.6= 12 mm
- ng knh vng trn nh : D 2 = D + h = D + 2m = m.( Z + 2) = 6.( 10 + 2) = 72

mm
- ng knh vng trn c s : D0 = m.Z.cos0, 0 l gc n khp ca thc ren, thng
thng o = 200 ; vy D0 = 6.10.cos200 = 48 mm
- Khong cch tm gia hai bnh rng : L = m.Z = 6.10 = 60 mm
Trang 65

- ng knh ca ng ht v ng y c xc nh theo lu lng cht lng qua bm
v vn tc cho php ca dng cht lng trong ng ng.
T cng thc tnh lu lng : Q =
Ta c:
d=
4.Q
.d 2
4
(m)
(5 -6)
Trong :
Q - lu lng tnh bng m3/s
v - vn tc dng cht lng tnh bng m/s
- i vi ng ht: vh 1,5 2 m/s , chn vh = 2 m/s
- i vi ng y: vd 3 5 m/s , chn vd = 4 m/s
T cng thc (6 -6) ta c:
+ ng knh ng ht :
dh =
4.188.10 3
= 0,0446 m = 44,6 mm
.2.60
Ta ly chn dh = 44 mm
+ ng knh ng y:
dd =
4.188.10
.4.60
= 31,6mm
Ta ly chn dd = 32 mm
5.2. TNH CNG SUT CA BM.

- Cng sut thu lc ca bm:
Ntl = d.Q.H = p.Q = 32,7.9,81.104.0,0031 = 10051 W
vi Q =
188.10 3
0,0031 m3/s
60
- Cng sut ca ng c dn ng trc bm:

Trang 66

N
10051
tl
Ndc = . 0,9.0,85 = 13183 W 13,1 KW
Q
ck
5.3. TNH H S DAO NG CA BM

*Lu lng trung bnh ca bm c th xc nh theo cng thc
Qlttb = 2. .n.b.m2.( Z+ sin2 0 )
Trong :n = 2300(v/ph)
b = 3,6 cm
m = 0,6 cm
Z = 10
sin2 0 = sin220 = 0,177
Nn ta tnh c Qlttb = 187450 (cm3/ ph) = 187,5( l/ph)
*Lu lng l thuyt cc i ca bm:
Qltmax = 2. .n.b.( 2Rm + m2 ) = 2. .n.b(Z+1)
Trong :n = 2300(v/ph)
b = 3,6 cm
m = 0,6 cm
Z = 10
Nn ta tnh c Qltmax = 57198(cm3/ph) = 57,2( l/ph)
*Lu lng l thuyt cc tiu ca bm:
Qltmin= 2. .n.b(2.Rm+ m2 l2max) = 2. .n.b.m2( Z+1-K2lmax)
Trong : Klmax =
l max
m
: L t s gia chiu di ln nht ca ng n khp v
mun
ca bnh rng
lmax =
.m. cos 0
2
Klmax =
: Chiu di ln nht ca ng n khp
l max
. cos 0
=
m
2
Trang 67

K2lmax =
2 . cos 2 0 3,14 2. cos 2 20

=
= 2,176
4
4
Qltmin = 2.3,14.2300.0,62.(10+1 2,176 )

= 45883,39(cm3/ ph) = 45,9 (l/ph)
* Vy h s dao ng ca bm l:
Qlt max Qlt min

Qlttb
57,2 - 45,9
187,5
= 0,06
6. TNH TON BM DU CNG TC KIU PISTON RTO.

6.1. XC NH CC THNG S C BN CA BM
6.1.1. Lu lng trung bnh.
Th tch cht lng m piston chuyn c trong mt vng quay ca rto l :
.d 2
4
.S (S l hnh trnh ca piston ; d ng knh piston )
Nu my c Z piston th lu lng ca my trong mt vng quay l.

q =
.d 2
4
.S .Z
Dx
B'
Hnh 6.1. S bm piston rto hng trc.

1- Xylanh; 2- Piston; 3- a nghing
Nguyn l chuyn ng ca my: piston (2) v xilanh (1) u quay quanh trc
ca bm, nhng tay quay (3) li quay quanh trc ca n , trong kt cu c th ca my
tay quay (3) c thay bng mt a nghing (t trong mt phng quay ca tay quay).
Trang 68

Nh c mt phng quay ca tay quay (a nghing) b tr nghing mt gc so vi
trc ca bm nn to ra c chuyn ng tng i gia piston (2) v xilanh (1) vi
hnh trnh S.
Nh vy thc hin s chuyn ng tng i ca piston trong xilanh ch cn
mt trong hai b phn roto hoc a nghing quay.
Lu lng l thuyt (cha k n tn tht ) trung bnh ca my vi n l s vng
quay trong mt n v thi gian l:
Q1 q.n
.d 2
4
(6 -1)
.S .Z .n
m
S D.Sin D X Tg
D - ng knh lm vic ca a nghing.

Dx - ng knh ca rto trn phn b cc xylanh. Nn cng thc (6 -1) c
vit di dng :
Q1 q.n
.d 2
.D.Sin
4
Q1 q.n
.d 2
.D x .tg
4
hoc
(6 -2)
6.1.2. Lu lng tc thi.

tnh lu lng tc thi ca bm, ta s tm phng trnh chuyn ng v xc
nh vn tc tc thi ca cc piston.
Nguyn l chuyn ng ca piston trong xylanh ca my piston rto hng
trc theo nguyn l chuyn ng ca thanh truyn tay quay (Hnh 6.1) .
Gi x l qung ng chuyn ng ca piston trong xylanh ng vi gc quay
ca a nnghing ( khi quay t A n B ) ta c :
X = AB.sin
= (OA - OB) sin

= (OA - OB.cos). sin = (R - Rcos)sin = R (1 - cos)sin
Trang 69

Trong : R =
D
l bn knh quay ca tay quay (a nghing).
2
Vn tc chuyn ng tng i ca piston l :

v
dx
R..sin . sin
dt
Vi =
2 .n
rad/s
60
Lu lng tc thi do mi piston to nn thay i theo thi gian, ph thuc vo

vn tc v ca piston xylanh .
q
.d 2
.v
4
hay
.d 2
.R.. sin . sin
Lu lng tc thi ca my c xc nh bng tng lu lng tc thi do

cc piston c bung y to nn. Nu ton b s piston l Z v s lng piston
bung y l (m +1) th lu lng tc thi ca bm l .
Q1
.d 2
R.. sin [sin sin( a) ........ sin( ma)]
4
Trong a l gc gia 2 trc ca piston lin nhau o tm rto.

a
2.
Z
Rt gn li:
Q1
m
.d 2
R. . sin Sin( ia )
4
i 0
(6 -3)
Ta thy lu lng tc thi ca bm thay i theo gc quay ca rto.
6.2.3. XC NH CC THNG S C BN CA BM PISTON ROTO

HNG TRC
Bao gm:
- ng knh piston d
Trang 70

- ng knh vng trn chia Dx
- Hnh trnh piston S
* Cc thng s cho:
Lu lng thc t ca bm:
Q = 256l/ph
S vng quay trc bm :
n = 2286 v/ph
p sut lm vic ca du:
p = 280 at
* Cc thng s chn:
S xilanh
Z = 11
Gc nghing ti a a bm :
= 200
Hiu sut lu lng :
Q = 0,95
Hiu sut c kh
ck = 0,9
Ta c lu lng ca bm trong mt vng quay :

qlt
.d 2
4
.S .Z
.d 2
4
.Dx .tg .Z
.d 3 .m.Z .tg
(6 -4)
Dx
, ly m = 4,5 v m c xc nh theo t l sau: (Trang 256 - Bi tp
d
Vi m =
Thu lc v My thu lc Nguyn Phc Hong - NXB i hc v THCN)

Z
11
3,1
3,6
4,5
Lu lng l thuyt ca bm:

Q
Qlt =
Q
256
0,95
= 269 l/ph
Lu lng ring l thuyt:

qlt =
Qlt
269.103
=
= 117 cm3/vg
2286
n
- ng knh piston, t cng thc (6 -4) ta c:

Trang 71

d=
4.qlt
.m.Z .tg
4.117
.4,5.11.tg 20 0
= 2,022 cm = 20,22 mm
Ly d = 20 mm.
- Hnh trnh piston :
S=
4.qlt
4.117
=
= 3,38cm = 33,8mm
2
.2 2.11
.d .Z
- ng knh vng chia roto:

Dx =
33,8
S
tg
= tg 20 0 = 93mm
- Chu vi vng chia:

C = .Dx = . 93 = 292 mm
- Ta c khong cch gia hai l xilanh tnh ti vng chia l:
C
292
d =
- 20 = 6,5 mm
11
Z
6.2. TNH CNG SUT CA BM

- Cng sut thu lc ca bm :
Ntl = d.Q.H = p.Q = 280.9,81.104.0,0042 = 115365 W
Vi Q =
256.10 3
0,0042 m3/s
60
- Cng sut trn trc bm (hay cng sut ng c):

N tl
Nc = .
Q
ck
115365
0,95.0,9 = 134930 W 135 KW
6.3. XC NH H S DAO NG LU LNG CA BM.

tm c tr s gc quay ng vi tr s cc i ca lu lng Q max ta lyo hm
ca cng thc tnh lu lng tc thi : Q1
m
.d 2
R. . sin Sin( ia )
4
i 0
v cho n bng s khng ta c:

cos + cos ( +a) + ... + cos ( + ma) = 0
Trang 72
(6-4) theo

hay:
cos +coscosa sinsina + ... + coscosma sinsinma = 0
Rt ra :
tg =
1 cos a ... cos ma

sin a ... sin ma
- Bm c Z = 11 xilanh, a =
(6- 5)
2.
= 0,57 rad (hoc 32,7 0 ), s piston c trong
11
bung y m = 5.
1 + cos 32,7 0 + cos 2.32,7 0 + cos 3.32,7 0 + cos 4.32,7 0 + cos 5.32,7 0
Ta c : tg =
= 0,145
sin 32,7 0 + sin 2.32,7 0 + sin 3.32,7 0 + sin 4.32,7 0 + sin 5.32,7 0
= 8,250
Suy ra:
Khi = 8,250 ta c:
Qmax =
.d 2 .R.. sin
4
(8,250 +
.[ sin8,250 + sin (8,250 + 32,70) + sin (8,250 + 2.32,70) + sin
3.32,70) + sin (8,250 + 4.32,70 )+sin(8,25+5.32,70)]
Trong :
d = 0,02 m
R=
Dx
D
0,093
=
=
= 0,049m
2 2. cos 2. cos 20 0
2. .n
2.3,14.2286
239 rad/s
60
60
sin = sin200 = 0,34

Suy ra :
Qmax = 8,79.10-3 m3/s
Khi rto quay quanh a nghing mt vng .

T cng thc ( 6- 4) ta c Qmin khi =00.
Qmin
.d 2 .R.. sin
4
.[
sin 32,70 +
+sin4.32,70+sin5.32,70 ]
Thay s vo ta c: Qmin = 8,707.10-3 m3/s
Trang 73
sin 2.32,70 + sin 3.32,70

H s dao ng lu lng :
=
Qmax
Qmin
Q
(8,79 - 8,707).10
4,27.10 3
= 0,019
Vi Q = 256 l/ph = 4,27.10-3 m3/s.
6.4. SO SNH VI BM CNG LOI NHNG C S XILANH KHC

NHAU.
6.4.1. Vi bm c 9 xilanh:
* Cc thng s chn:
S xilanh
Z=9
= 200
Hiu sut lu lng :
Q = 0,95
Hiu sut c kh
ck = 0,9

qlt =
.d 2
4
.S .Z
.d 2
4
.Dx .tg .Z
.d 3 .m.Z .tg
(6 -4)
Dx
d
Vi m =
Thu lc v My thu lc - NXB i hc v THCN)

Z
11
3,1
3,6
4,5

Q
Qlt =
Q
256
0,95
= 269 l/ph

qlt =
Qlt
269.103
=
= 117 cm3/vg
2286
n
Trang 74

d=
4.qlt
.m.Z .tg
4.117
.3,6.9.tg 200
= 2,33 cm = 23,3 mm
Ly d = 23 mm.
- Hnh trnh piston :
S=
4.117
4.qlt
= .2,32.9 = 3,13 cm = 31,3 mm
2
.d .Z

Dx =
S
tg
31,3
= tg 200 = 86 mm
- Chu vi vng chia:

C = .Dx = . 86 = 270 mm
C
270
d =
23 = 7 mm
Z
9
- H s dao ng ca bm:
m
.d 2
R. . sin Sin( ia )
4
i 0

cos + cos ( +a) + ... + cos ( + ma) = 0
hay:
Rt ra :
tg =
1 cos a ... cos ma

sin a ... sin ma
Trang 75
(6- 5)
(6-4) theo

2.
Z
= 0,7 rad (hoc 400 ), s piston c trong
bung y m = 4.
Ta c : tg =
1 cos 400 cos 2.400 cos 3.400 cos 4.400

= 0,172
sin 400 sin 2.400 sin 3.400 sin 4.400
Suy ra:
= 9,760
Khi = 9,760 ta c:
Qmax =
.d 2 .R..sin
4
.[ sin9,760 + sin (9,760 + 400) + sin (9,760 + 2.400) + sin (9,760
3.400) + sin (9,760 + 4.400)]
+
Trong :
d = 0,023 m
R=
D
Dx
0,086
= 0,045m
2 2. cos 2. cos 200
2. .n
2.3,14.2286
239 rad/s
60
60
sin = sin200 = 0,34

Qmax = 4,34.10-3 m3/s
Suy ra :

Qmin =
.d 2 .R.. sin
4
.[ sin 400 + sin 2.400 + sin 3.400 +sin4.400 ]

H s dao ng lu lng :

Qmax Qmin
(4,34 4,2).10 3
0,033
Q
4,26.10 3
Vi Q = 256 l/ph = 4,26.10-3 m3/s.
Trang 76

.
6.4.2.Vi bm c 7xilanh:
* Cc thng s chn:
S xilanh
Z=7
= 200
Hiu sut lu lng :
Q = 0,95
Hiu sut c kh
ck = 0,9

qlt
.d 2
.S .Z
.d 2
4
.Dx .tg .Z
.d 3 .m.Z .tg
(6 -4)
Dx
d
Vi m =
Thu lc v My thu lc - NXB i hc v THCN)

Z
11
3,1
3,6
4,5

Q
Qlt =
Q
256
0,95
= 269 l/ph

qlt =
Qlt
269.103
=
= 117 cm3/vg
2286
n

d=
4.qlt
=
.m.Z .tg
4.117
.3,1.7.tg 20 0
= 2,66 cm
Ly d = 26 mm.
- Hnh trnh piston :
Trang 77

S=
4.117
4.qlt
= .2,6 2.7 = 3,15cm = 31,5 mm
2
.d .Z

Dx =
S
tg
31,5
= tg 20 0 = 86,5 mm
- Chu vi vng chia:

C = .Dx = . 86,5 = 271,6mm
C
271,6
d =
- 26 = 12,8 mm
7
Z
- H s dao ng ca bm:
m
.d 2
R. . sin Sin( ia )
4
i 0
(6-4) theo

cos + cos ( +a) + ... + cos ( + ma) = 0
hay:
Rt ra :
tg =
1 cos a ... cos ma

sin a ... sin ma
(6- 5)
2.
= 0,897 rad (hoc 51,40 ), s piston c trong
Z
bung y m = 3.
Ta c : tg =
1 + cos 51,4 0 + cos 2.51,4 0 + cos 3.51,4 0

= 0,23
sin 51,4 0 + sin 2.51,4 0 + sin 3.51,4 0.
Suy ra:
= 130
Khi = 130 ta c:
Trang 78

Qmax =
.d 2 .R.. sin
4
.[ sin130 + sin (130 + 51,40) + sin (130 + 2.51,40) + sin (130 +
3.51,40)]
Trong :
d = 0,026 m
R=
Dx
D
0,0865
=
=
= 0,046m
2 2. cos 2. cos 20 0
2. .n
2.3,14.2286
239 rad/s
60
60
sin = sin200 = 0,34

Qmax = 4,453.10-3 m3/s
Suy ra :

Qmin =
.d 2 .R.. sin
4
.[ sin 51,40 + sin 2.51,40 + sin 3.51,40 ]

H s dao ng lu lng :
=
Qmax - Qmin
(4,453 -4,28).10
=
Q
4,26.10 3
= 0,0406
Vi Q = 256 l/ph = 4,26.10-3 m3/s.

T ta c nhn xt:
Vi s xilanh nhiu hn th bm c h s dao ng nh hn , Bm lm vic n nh
hn
Trang 79
7.Tnh ton van trn cho bm bnh rng.

y ta chn van trn cho h thng l loi van piston tc dng trc tip.
pr
pv
d
Hnh 7-1. Kiu van piston tac dng trc tip

7.1 ch lm vic bnh thng ca h thng (ch ton ti).
* Cac thng s lm vic:
- Lu lng qua van: ch ton ti ca h thng, ta chn lu lng du qua
van trn bng 20% lu lng ca bm cung cp.
Qv = 0,2.QB = 0,2.3,13.10-3 = 6,26.10-4 [m3/s]
- p sut ca du ca vo ca van l:
pv = pB = 32,7.9,81.104.10-3 = 3207,8 [kN/m2]
- p sut du ca ra ca van: do ca ra ni n thng cha du thng vi kh
tri v ta tnh trn nn p sut d nn: pr = 0
Tit din c ch ca van:
Trang 80

T cng thc tnh lu lng ca du qua van:
- h s lu lng ca van. Chn = 0,5
Trong :
S0 - din tch tit din thng qua ca van.

p - chnh p trc v sau van.
p = pv pr = 3207,8[kN/m2]
- khi lng ring ca du. Du dng trong h thng l du
Shell Tellus T-22, ta c =
872 [kg/m3]
g = 9,81 [m/s2] gia tc trng trng.
6,26.10 _ 4
Q
2.9,81
0,5.
.3207,8.103
2g
872
.
.p =
= 4,66.10-6 [m2]
Ta c: S0 =
- ng knh ca piston van l: chn dvan = 6mm

T cng thc tnh din tch c ch ca van:
S0 = .d.x
Trong :
d - ng knh ca piston van.
x - khong dch chuyn ca piston van.
Ta chn d = 6mm, khong dch chuyn ca piston van s l:
X
4,66
= 0,247 [ mm]
.6
* Lc ca l xo van l:
T phng trnh cn bng ca piston van (b qua lc ma st gia piston v v
van):
Trang 81

p.S = Flx
Ta suy ra:
Flx = p.
.d 2
4
= 3207,8.103.
3,14.0,006 2
= 90,6 [ N]
4
7.2. ch lm vic qu ti ca h thng.

Khi h thng b qu ti p sut du trn ng nn ca bm vt qu gi tr p
sut khi h thng lm vic ton ti. Chn pqt = 1,1.p.
p sut trong h thng khi qu ti l:
pqt = 1,1. 3207,8 = 3528,6 [kN/m2]
Khi h thng b qu ti, van an ton phi m tho ton b du do bm cung
cp v li thng cha. Lc ny lu lng du qua van trn l QB = 0,00313 [m3/s].
* Tit din c ch ca van khi qua ti :
0,00313
Tng t ta c :
Sqt =
2.9,81
.3528,6.10 3
872
0,5.
2,22.10-5[m2]
- Khong dch chuyn ca piston van.

S qt
Ta c:
Xqt = .d
22,2
.6 = 1,2 [mm]
*Lc ca l xo van l:
T phng trnh cn bng ca piston van (b qua lc ma st gia piston v v van):
p.S = Flx
Ta suy ra:
Flxqt = p.
.d 2
4
= 3528,6.103.
Trang 82
3,14.0,06 2
= 92,08[ N]
4
8. BO DNG K THUT MY I KOMATSU D275A-5.

8.1. KHI NIM CHUNG
Bo dng k thut nhm to iu kin lm vic bnh thng cho my, cm
my v trnh cho chng khng b hao mn trc thi hn v h hng bt thng, lm
cho tc hao mn mc tt nht trong qu trnh s dng.
Khi bo dng k thut phi tin hnh : lau, ra, xem xt, tra du m, kim tra
xit cht, iu chnh.
- V sinh cng nghip l cng vic bt buc phi lm khi tin hnh bo dng
k thut, phi thchin n thng k v trc lc tin hnh cc bin php khc ca
bo dng k thut.
- Cng tc xit cht l phc hi cht cn thit ca cc mi ghp. Trong qu
trnh my lm vic tin cy cc mi ghp b gim di tc dng ca lc rung ng.
- Khi thc hin cng tc kim tra hiu chnh chng ta s phc hi cc khe h
cn thit trong cc mi ghp.
- Cng tc bi trn, nhm mc ch gim cng mi mn ca chi tit my
cc mi ghp bng cch to ra gia cc b mt tip xc cc lp vt liu bi trn, tng
s lm vic n nh ca lin kt.
Qua gim ma st mi ghp hoc m bo s lm vic n nh trong trng
hp ma st thy ng, ko di tui th chi tit v cm chi tit.
Cn phn bit cc ni dung bo dng k thut sau y :
+ Bo dng k thut trong s dng;
+ Bo dng k thut trong khi ch i;
+ Bo dng k thut khi bo qun;
+ Bo dng k thut trong vn chuyn;
+Bo dng k thut theo ma.
i vi my ang s dng, phi tin hnh bo dng k thut ca, v bo dng
k thut nh k.
Trang 83

Bo dng k thut ca c thc hin cho mi ca lm vic ca my.
Bo dng k thut nh k , c tin hnh theo mt trnh t c k hoch ph
hp vi quy nh hng dn.
Ty theo c im, khi lng tnh cht cng vic v thi gian thc hin ngi
ta chia ra : bo dng cp I, bo dng cp II, bo dng cp III. Vic chia cp bo
dng thng p dng i vi cc my lm t c ln c kt cu ph hp.
Ni dung cng vic bo dng k thut ca thng gm: kim tra xem xt, bi
trn, np nhin liu, iu chnh, xit cht, lm v sinh my.
Bo dng k thut nh k thc hin vo thi gian quy nh cho tng cp bo
dng.
Ni dung bo dng k thut nh k ca cp tip theo s bao gm cng vic
ca cp bo dng trc v cng vic m cp bo dng y phi lm thm, theo quy
nh c th ca ti liu hng dn ca nh my ch to hoc nhng ch dn ring.
Mi cng vic bi trn, iu chnh, kim tra, v sinh my u phi tin hnh
theo mt quy trnh nht nh bt buc. Cng vic iu chnh, xit cht v sa cha vt
thc hin c th theo s cn thit khi kim tra cc c cu, cm my.
Ni dung v nh k bo dng k thut c quy nh theo iu kin s dng
trung bnh.
Trong nhng iu kin qu khc bit vi iu kin s dng trung bnh ( vng
ni , nng m ) th nh k ca tng cp bo dng v ni dung bo dng phi
c c th ha thm, song vn l bi s ca nhau.
8.2. CHNG TRNH BO DNG

* Trc khi n my.
- Kim tra mn hinh my.
- Kim tra, b sung mc nc lm mt.
- Kim tra, b sung mc nhin liu.
- Kim tra, b sung mc du ng c.
- X nc, cn bn t h thng nhin liu.
Trang 84

- Kim tra, b sung mc du trong hp s.
- Kim tra hnh trnh ca bn p phanh.
- Kim tra, b sung du thu lc.
- Kim tra h thng in n, ci.
- iu chnh gng.
- iu chnh cc cn iu khin.
- Khi ng c lm vic kim tra quan st s r r ca du, nhin liu, nc
trong cc h thng.
* Sau 250 gi u tin (i vi my mi).
- Thay du my v li lc du.
- Thay lc nhin liu v li lc.
- Thay du hp s, lm sch lc ht mt hp s.
- Thay du truyn ng cui.
- Lm sch lc ht mt du thu lc, thay du thu lc thng cha.
* Sau mi 250 gi chy my.
- Bm m, bi trn tt c cc v tr c v m.
- Kim tra v iu chnh cng dy ai my pht in.
- Kim tra mc dung dch c quy.
- Kim tra hiu qu phanh.
- Kim tra v b sung mc du trong hp gim chn.
- Thay du v li lc du my.
- Thay li lc nhin liu.
- Thay lc du hp s v lc du li.
- Kim tra, b sung mc du trong hp truyn ng cui.
Trang 85

- Thay th lc thng hi ca thng du thu lc v lc tch nc ca h thng
nhin liu.
- Thay th lc tinh nhin liu.
- Thay du hp s, v sinh li lc du hp s.
- V sinh thng cha nhin liu.
- Kim tra sit cht cc chi tit ca tng p.
- Thay th du thu lc, phin lc du thu lc v lm sch lc ht mt.
- Thay du hp tryn ng cui.
- Thay du trong hp gim chn v lm sch lc thng hi.
- Kim tra v b sung mc du trong bi tr ng.
- Kim tra v b sung mc du trong cm l xo cng xch.
- V sinh cc l lc thng hi.
- Kim tra my pht in v mt khi ng.
- Kim tra ton b kim phun.
- Kim tra bm nc.
- Lm sch v kim tra tng p.
- Kim tra, iu chnh khe h supp.
- Thay th cm kim phun.
- Kim tra khung gm chnh v thit b cng tc.
- Thay th kp ng cao p.
- Thay th np bo v phn p sut cao ca nhin liu.
Trang 86
9. K THUT AN TON.
m bo an ton khi my i lm vic, ngi vn hnh phi nghim chnh
chp hnh nhng quy tc v k thut an ton khi vn hnh, bo dng k thut v sa
cha.
Ngi vn hnh phi l ngi c trnh chuyn mn c hng dn v
k thut an ton lm vic trn my i. Ngi vn hnh phi c trang b y bo
h lao ng cn thit ph hp vi iu kin lm vic.
9.1. K THUT AN TON KHI MY LM VIC.

Trc khi tin hnh cng vic cn phi bit r ni thi cng c ng ngm,
hm h khng v phi c k hiu nh du nhng ni c th xy ra mt an ton.
Nn iu khin my i mt tc nht nh, nn trnh nhng iu sau:
-
Tng tc, phanh t ngt.
Cho my chy quanh co.
Cho my lao theo qun tnh.
Khi lm vic vo ban m cn c nh sng nhng ni lm vic v trn cc

li i.
Khi lm vic nhng vng ng dn c th khu vc lm vic phi c ro cn
li v c n chiu sng hng ro.
Trc khi khi ng ng c v cc b phn my, ngi vn hnh phi bt cc
tn hiu phng.
Khi khi ng ng c phi t v tr cc cn iu khin v tr trung gian.
Phi chp hnh cc quy nh v v sinh trn my i, khng nhng vt
khng cn thit trong bung li, nhng dng c sa cha, nguyn nhin liu phi
ng ni quy nh.
Trong thi gian lm vic cm ngi khng c phn s trong bung li v
trong vng my ang lm vic.
Trang 87

Khi ng c v cc b phn my ang lm vic khng c sa cha, vn cht
hoc bi trn bt c b phn no.
Khi n mn trong vng lm vic cn phi a my ra xa n khong cch an
ton, ngi vn hnh phi ng vo ch kn.
Khi s c xy ra phi lp tc tt ng c, kho van ngng cung cp nhin
liu, ct mass cho c quy.
Ko phanh tay sang v tr u xe khi dng hoc u thit b.
Cm b mt khng trng coi ng c khi n ang lm vic.
Ngi giao ca phi bo co trc cho ngi nhn ca bit tt c nhng iu
khng bnh thng ca my i m mnh nhn thy trong qu trnh lm vic
phng.
9.2. K THUT AN TON KHI VN CHUYN

thi cng cc cng trnh, ngi ta phi vn chuyn my t kho bo qun n
cng trnh, ngc li cng cn vn chuyn my t cng trng ny n cng trng
khc, hoc t cng trng n c s bo dng sa cha .
Ty theo c im, kt cu my, c im ng s, khong cch cn vn
chuyn m c th p dng cc hnh thc vn chuyn khc nhau : t hnh; ko theo;
vn chuyn bng ng st; ng thy; ch trn r moc chuyn dng. Khi t chc
vn chuyn my d bng phng tin no cng cn tun th nhng quy nh chung v
giao thng ng b, giao thng ng st hay ng thy, trong mt s trng hp
cn thit c s dng cc c quan chuyn trch.
Khi di chuyn my, phi bit chc on ng di chuyn khng b ly, d ln
hay nn t yu.
Ch nhn chung quanh xem c ngi hay chng ngi vt trn ng di
chuyn hay trn vng cua ca my.
Lun cho my chy chm nhng ch ng ngi, nhng ng cho xe ch
nng, hoc cc ch hp.
Trang 88

Khi my di chuyn nh nng li i ln cch mt t t 40 n 50cm.
Khng i vo cc on ng qu dc hay nghing cho php.
Cm bc ln hay xung my i khi ang di chuyn.
9.3. K THUT AN TON KHI U .

. Trong qu trnh lm vic hay qu trnh vn chuyn my i cn phi ch n k
thut u m bo an ton cho my cng nh cho ngi vn hnh .
-Khi my i, phi ch an ton ngoi khu vc lm vic hay nhng ni quy
nh. Mt t ni phi bng phng, khng s ri, t l hay ngp lt.
- Nu buc phi my i trn dc, nn my i theo hng thng ln hay xung
dc v chn xch trnh cho my khi tri. Khi xe theo hng xung dc nn h
li i xung t tng an ton.
- Khi my i nn t cn s vo v tr trung gian, ci phanh v t tt c cc cn
iu khin vo v tr kho, rt cha kho ra khi v kho ca xe cn thn.
9.4. K THUT AN TON KHI BO DNG, SA CHA.

H thng bo dng k thut v sa cha my l tng hp cc hot ng v t chc,
k hoch, cng ngh, cung ng vt t v s dng nhn lc lao ng nhm duy tr v
khi phc trng thi k thut tt nht ca my trong sut thi hn phc v nhm m
bo an ton v nng cao hiu qu s dng my.
Cc bin php duy tr v khi phc kh nng lm vic ca my c tin hnh trong
k hoch do ch bo dng k thut v sa cha quy nh.
Ch bo dng k thut v sa cha l tp hp cc quy nh v hng dn thng
nht, nhm xc nh hnh thc t chc, ni dung v sa cha my c k hoch, my
duy tr kh nng lm vic ca n trong sut thi hn phc v, trong nhng iu kin s
dng cho trc .
Ch bo dng k thut v sa cha cho php lp k hoch bo dng k thut v
sa cha, lp d tr v nhn lc , vt t k thut , tin vn cho cng tc ny.
Trang 89

* Khi bo dng:
Tin hnh bo dng k thut khi ng c ngng hot ng.
Trong khi thc hin cng vic bo dng, sa cha my khng c php cho
my tip xc vi ngun la , cc vt d gy chy n.
Tin hnh kim tra cn thn lp cch in ca dy dn, cc im tip v chng
c kh nng xut hin tia la gy ho hon.
Khi kim tra mc nhin liu trong bnh cha phi dng tht o, khng cho
php hin tng r r h thng nhin liu v bi trn, khi pht hin r r phi sa
cha v lau sch s ngay.
Khng dng ming ht hoc thi ng xng, khng ra tay bng xng, nu
xng b vo da th phi ra ngay bng du ho hoc du Diezen, sau ra li bng
nc x phng, khi ra cc chi tit bng du ho, nn eo gng tay bng cao su hoc
da, c bit khi s dng dung dch xt phi y bo h nh gng tay v mt n c
knh bo v mt . . .
A xt bn vo da s gy bng, hi a xt lm nhc nim mc mt v ng h
hp, v vy khi chun b dung dch xt phi tin hnh trong t ht hoc ngoi nh ni
thong ng vi cc bo h nh tp d, gng tay, knh eo mt. Khi pha dung dch a
xt th phi rt a xt vo nc khng c lm ngc li. Khi b bng do a xt hoc cc
cht khc cn phi ra ngay ch bng bng nc c p lc nh hn 2kG/cm 2 vi thi
gian t 15 n 20 pht.
Cm ng trn np c quy hoc cc dng c sa cha ln c quy v chng c
th lm ngn mch in.
Kh thi ca ng c c cha cc hn hp cacbon xt c hi, v th cn phi
m bo kn kht trn tt c cc ch ni trn ng x ca ng c.
Trang 90

* Khi sa cha :
Trong lc lm vic cn phi mc o qun bo h, i m bo him v u tc
gn gng.
Khi sa cha phi s dng nhng dng c tt, chc chn, dng ca th li phi
c lp chc vo khung, da th phi c cn g, thc hin cc thao tc ca, da, sit
hoc m bulng phi ng cch.
Khi hn cc bnh cha nhin liu phi hong kh v y nc trc mt
ngy sau sy kh v phi m ht tt c cc np.
Khi lm vic my mi phi eo knh phng h bo v mt, khng khe
h gia vng mi v c chn ln hn 3mm phng vt mi cun theo , mi
tuyt i khng c st m, nt. Khi thay mi mi phi ch n tc cho php
ca v tc my mi.
Khi lm vic trn my khoan khng c ci u thp xung ch khoan
trnh cho m, tc, qun o b cun vo mm cp hoc mi khoan. Khng c eo
gng tay v dng tay cm gi lau t lm mt mi khoan. Cm gi vt khoan bng
tay m phi kp cht vo bn khoan.
Lm vic bng cc cng c c kh cm tay dng in, kh nn l khng an ton,
c bit trong bung kn hoc ngoi tri m t, do cn phi kim tra dng c
trc khi s dng v vi cc dng c s dng in th phi ni dng tip a trc
khi ni cc pha vo dng c. Khi ngng lm vic, phi t dng c v mt pha khng
nn cm n trn tay, khi kt thuc cng vic phi ct ngay ngun in hoc ngun kh
nn ra khi dng c.
9.5. CC BIN PHP PHNG HA

Trang b bnh cha chy trong bung li.
Cc loi du nhn v nhin liu phi c ct gi theo nguyn tc phng ha.
Cc kho nhin liu ngoi tri phi t cch xa ch lm vic ca my trn 20m.
Cm cc loi xng, du ho v cc cht d chy khc trong bung li.
Cm dng cc vt kim loi p vo np thng cha nhin liu m n.
Trang 91

Khng cho php bt c s r r no ca nhin liu hoc du nhn.
Nu khng th em cc chi tit ra ngoi my khi cn hn, x th phi p dng
cc bin php c bit phng ho. Cc dng c cu ho phi lun trong tnh trng
tt v c nhng ni d thy, d ly.
Trang 92

Khao Sat He Thong Thuy Luc Tren May Ui Komatsu D275a 5 v5ibU4LwHq 20130108115618 4

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Khao Sat He Thong Thuy Luc Tren May Ui Komatsu D275a 5 v5ibU4LwHq 20130108115618 4

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

1. MC CH, NGHA CA TI.

SVTH: L Minh Phuc- Lp 05C4A

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

2. GII THIU CHUNG V MY I.

Hnh 2.1. My i KOMATSU D275A- 5

2.1. CNG DNG MY I

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

2.2. PHN LOI MY I

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

Cng sut ng c ( KW)

3. CU TO CHUNG CA MY I KOMATSU D275A- 5.

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

SVTH: L Minh Phuc- Lp 05C4A

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

3.2. CC THNG S K THUT CA MY I KOMATSU D275A-5.

Trng lng ton b

Dung tch xilanh

Sut tiu hao nhin liu ti thiu

p lc i trn t vi khi lng tng th

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

3.2.2. Cc thng s v kch thc.

Chiu di di xch trn t

Chiu rng di xch

Xilanh thy lc kiu pittng tc dng kp

ng knh trong xilanh

SVTH: L Minh Phuc- Lp 05C4A

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

Hnh trnh pittng

ng knh trong xilanh

Hnh trnh pittng

ng knh trong xilanh

Hnh trnh pittng

ng knh trong xilanh

Hnh trnh pittng

3.2.3. Cc thng s lm vic.

Bn knh quay vng nh nht ca my

Chiu cao nng dao ln nht

Chiu cao nng ln nht

SVTH: L Minh Phuc- Lp 05C4A

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

4. H THNG THY LC TRN MY I KOMATSU D275A-5

Bm c lu lng c th iu chnh, gi tt l bm iu chnh.

Nhng thng s c bn ca bm l lu lng v p sut .

4.2. TRUYN NG CHNH

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

Hnh 4.1. S truyn ng chnh

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

SVTH: L Minh Phuc- Lp 05C4A

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

4.3. S , NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH TRUYN NG

Hnh 4.2. S hot ng van iu khin ca bin m

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

4.3.1.1. Van an ton chnh v van an ton b bin m.

n bin m n thung cha

SVTH: L Minh Phuc- Lp 05C4A

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

Hnh 4.3. Nguyn l hot ng ca van an ton chnh

SVTH: L Minh Phuc- Lp 05C4A

an tt nghi p: Kho sat h thng thu lc trn may i KOMATSU D275A - 5

Hnh 4.4. Nguyn l hot ng van an ton bin m

4.3.1.2. Bin m thy lc

SVTH: L Minh Phuc- Lp 05C4A