Khao Sat He Thong Truyen Dong Thuy Luc Tren May Ui Komatsu D pCTqQzIudd 20130107020822 4

AN TT NGHIP:
Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

trn may ui KOMATSU D65A
LI NI U
Sau thi gian 5 nm hc ti trng i hc Bch Khoa Nng, c s
dy d v ch bo tn tnh ca qu thy - c gio, em tip thu c nhng kin
thc c bn m thy - c giao truyn t. Do qu trnh thc tp tt nghip v
lm n tt nghip l cng vic rt cn thit nhm gip cho sinh vin tng hp li
nhng kin thc m mnh hc, ng thi n l ting ni ca sinh vin trc khi
ra trng.
Sau khi hc xong cc mn hc trong chng trnh o to, nay em c
giao nhim v l KHO ST H THNG TRUYN NG THU LC TRN
MY I KOMATSU D65A. nc ta hin nay, qu trnh xy dng cc cng
trnh thu li, thu in, cc cng trnh giao thng, khai thc cc loi khong sn.
i hi cn phi gii quyt nhng cng vic nh i o v san lp t vi khi
lng ln kp tin thi cng cc cng trnh m lao ng ph thng khng p ng
c.
Do my i KOMATSU D65A l mt trong nhng thit b rt quan trng
trong cng trnh xy dng v khai thc. My i KOMATSU D65A c h thng
truyn ng thu lc nn c rt nhiu u im v kt cu v thao tc v c kh nng
t ng ho, do nng cao c nng sut v hiu qu kinh t trong qa trnh s dng.
Trong qu trnh lm n, do trnh cn hn ch, vn dch thut cn
gp nhiu kh khn, ti liu cha y nn chc chn khng trnh khi sai st.
Em rt mong s thng cm, ch bo ca qu thy c v s ng gp kin ca cc bn.
Cui cng cho em c gi li cm n chn thnh n tt c qu thy c
trong nh trng truyn t kin thc cho em trong thi gian qua. Em xin chn
thnh cm n thy gio Nguyn Vn ng tn tnh hng dn cho em thc hin
ti ny v tt c cc bn gp cho em hon thnh n ny.
Nng, ngy 22 thng 12 nm 2006.
Sinh vin thc hin
Nguyn Trng Tng
SVTH:Nguyn Trong Tng - Lp 24C4
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MC LC
Trang
LI NI U........................................................................................................1
MC LC...............................................................................................................2
1. TNG QUAN.....................................................................................................5
1.1. Mc ch ngha ca ti..............................................................................5
1.2. Cng dng phn loi yu cu ca h thng truyn ng..................................5
1.2.1. Cng dng.............................................................................................5
1.2.2. Phn loi................................................................................................6
1.2.3. Yu cu chung.......................................................................................9
1.3. Gii thiu chung v h thng truyn ng........................................................9
1.3.1. Truyn ng c hc...............................................................................10
1.3.2. Truyn ng thu lc............................................................................11
1.4. Gii thiu chung v my i KOMATSU D65A................................................14
1.4.1. Kt cu chung........................................................................................14
1.4.2. Cc thng s k thut chnh ca my i KOMATSU D65A.................15
1.4.3. Qu trnh lm vic ca my i ..............................................................16
2. CC H THNG CHNH TRN MY I KOMATSU D65A.........................19
2.1. H thng ng lc...........................................................................................19
2.2. H thng truyn lc..........................................................................................20
2.3. H thng truyn ng.......................................................................................22
2.4. C cu di chuyn..............................................................................................24
2.5. H thng iu khin.........................................................................................25
2.6. B phn cng tc v c cu ph tr...30
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3. KHO ST H THNG TRUYN NG THU LC TRN MY I

KOMATSU D65A ..................................................................................................33
3.1. S h thng truyn ng thu lc...............................................................33
3.2. Truyn ng khi di chuyn khng ti...............................................................34
3.2.1. Truyn ng khi di chuyn khng ti....................................................34
3.2.2. Kt cu ca cc b phn chnh..............................................................36
3.2.2.1. Kt cu ca bm.................................................................................36
3.2.2.2. Kt cu ca van iu khin li i.....................................................38
3.2.2.3. Kt cu ca van an ton......................................................................40
3.2.2.4. Kt cu ca van mt chiu..................................................................42
3.2.2.5. Kt cu ca xylanh thu lc...............................................................44
3.2.26. Van gim chn.....................................................................................45
3.2.3. Cc b phn ph............................................................................................46
3.3. Truyn ng trong qu trnh lm vic v tnh ton tr lc cng tc.................50
3.3.1. S mch thu lc nng b cng tc..................................................50
3.3.2. Tnh ton tr lc cng tc......................................................................51
4. TNH TON KIM TRA BM CHNH............................................................58
4.1. Cc thng s chnh ca bm.............................................................................58
4.2. C s tnh ton.................................................................................................58
4.3. Tnh kim tra bm chnh..................................................................................61
4.3.1. Tnh xylanh thu lc nng h b cng tc............................................61
4.3.2. Tnh ton kim tra bm chnh.63
5. TNH KINH T K THUT TRONG QUN L KHAI THC MY I ......65
5.1. Xc nh nhu cu my i..................................................................................65
5.2. Khi nim v khai thc k thut my i...........................................................66
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5.3. Bo dng k thut v sa cha my...............................................................67

5.3.1. Bo dng k thut...............................................................................67
5.3.2. Sa cha my i....................................................................................69
5.4. Bo qun my i...............................................................................................71
5.4.1. Yu cu i vi ni bo qun................................................................71
5.4.2. T chc bo qun my..........................................................................72
5.5. Vn chuyn my...............................................................................................73
5.5.1. Vn chuyn bng cch t hnh...73
5.5.2. Vn chuyn my i bng cc phng tin vn chuyn..........................74
5.6. An ton lao ng trong s dng my i............................................................74
5.7. Hiu qu - kinh t k thut ca vic s dng my i........................................75
5.7.1. Gi thnh mt ca my............................................................................76
5.7.2. Hao ph lao ng ca mt n v sn phm...........................................77
5.7.3. Nhp iu cng vic...............................................................................77
5.7.4. Xut tiu hao nng lng cht t.........................................................78
6. KT LUN.........................................................................................................79
7. TI LIU THAM KHO...................................................................................80

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1.TNG QUAN
1.1. MC CH V NGHA CA TI
Cng vi s pht trin ca t nc, ngy nay cc cng trnh xy dng v
ang pht trin mt cch nhanh chng, ton din nc ta.
Chng ta cn c nhng c s h tng rng khp, phc v c lc cho mi hot
ng kinh t x hi...Cc cng trnh t ch c thc hin ch yu bng tay
chn, n nay tin ln c gii ha mc cao nhn gim sc lao ng ca con
ngi v mang tnh hiu qu kinh t.
Trc nhng nhu cu , i hi chng ta phi c nhng la chn hp l i
vi cc phng tin thi cng c gii cn thit. Trong my i ng vai tr ht sc
quan trng c th ni l khng th thiu trong cc cng trnh xy dng.
My i c s dng rng ri, bi v chng d thch nghi vi nhiu loi cng
vic nh s dung cc thit b cng tc thay th cc loi truyn ng v cc b phn
di chuyn khc. Trong my i t nng sut hn nhiu so vi mt s loi my
khc, ngoi ra my i cn tng mc c gii mt cch ng k khi s dng vo
cc cng vic lm t khc nhau.
p ng cho nhng cng trnh trn, hng lot my xy dng hin i c
tnh nng tin dc nhp vo Vit Nam ch yu t cc nc: Nht Bn, c, M,
Lin X c...Ty theo yu cu cng vic v kh nng u t m cc doanh nghip
c nhng la chn ph hp cho mnh.My i KOMATSU 265 c iu khin
bng h thng thu lc .Do vn vn hnh ;bo dng ,sa cha. H thng
truyn ng l mt trong nhng h thng ht sc quan trng trn my i: truyn ti
cng sut v m men t trc khy ng c thnh m men v cng sut c ch cho
my i, to ra lc ko cn thit my i thc hin cc chuyn ng. ca b cng
tc khi o, i san t .
1.2. CNG DNG, PHN LOI, YU CU CA H THNG TRUYN NG
1.2.1. Cng dung:
My i l mt trong nhng loi in hnh ca my cng trnh, ang c
sdng ht sc rng ri trn th gii.
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Do nhng c tnh u vit ca n m my i c s dng ph bin hn so

vi mt s my cng trnh khc.
V du: M, my i c s dng nhiu gp 2 ln so vi my san v 5 ln so
vi my cp; Nht, my i c s dng nhiu gp 2 ln so vi my cp v my
san; Cn cc nc, Nga v Ucraina, my i nhiu hn 3,6 ln so vi my cp v 8
ln so vi my san.
My i dng o vn chuyn t c ly thch hp nh hn 100(m). ng
thi my i cn thng c dng san s b mt bng.
Trong thc t, my i thng s dung lm cc cng vic sau:
- o p ng c cao khng vt qu 2 m.
- San s b, to mt bng ln xy dng sn qung trng, sn vn ng,
khu cng nghip v cc khu th mi.
- San lp rnh t ng ng hoc mng nh sau khi thi cng xong.
- Thu dn vt liu ph thi trn hin trng sau khi cng trnh hon thnh.
Dn vt liu thnh ng cao to iu kin thun li cho my xc mt gu
xc vt liu ln phng tin vn chuyn khc vv..
1.2.2.Phn loi my i:
B phn lm vic chnh ca my i l bn i:
a. Phn loi da vo cng sut v lc ko ca my:
Xu hng pht trin ca my i: Ch to nhng my i c cng sut nh v
trung bnh, iu khin bng thy lc v my i nh v trung bnh c nng lng
ring (cng sut trn mt n v trng lng) ln hn nhiu so vi my i c cng
sut ln.
- Phn loi my i theo cng sut v lc ko: Bng 1.1
Loi my i
Cng sut ng c(KW)
Lc ko (T)
Rt nh
Nh
Trung bnh
Ln
Rt ln
n 15
15 60
60 110
110 220
> 220
n 2,5
2,5 7,5
7,5 15
15 20
> 30

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b. Phn loi da vo gc t ca bn i so vi trc dc ca my:

My i vn nng: Bn i c lin kt vi khung i qua khp cu v
vy bn i c th quay c trong mt phng ngang v t nghing so vi trc dc
ca my i mt gc 45 600 (hnh v 1.1).
Hnh 1.1. S thit b i vn nng

Gc quay ny c s dng khi my i thc hin san lp rnh t ng ng,
mng nh sau khi thi cng, san cc mt bng ni chung v cho nng sut cao hn
my i thng. Khung i ca my i vn nng l mt dm lin tc, hnh ch U.
My i thng (hay cn gi l my i c nh):
Bn i lun lun c t c nh vung gc vi trc dc ca my. My i
thng c th hin hnh 1.2

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Hnh 1.2. S thit b i thng
c. Phn loi da vo phng php iu khin thit b i:

My i iu khin bng thy lc.
My i iu khin bng cp.
Trong hai loi trn th loi my i iu khin bng thy lc ang c s dng
rng ri v n c nhng u im sau:
iu khin nh nhng, m du v chc chn, kt cu gn chm sc v bo qun
n gin d dng.
Li i n su vo t trong khi o, mt phn nh trng lng thit b i,
phn cn li ch yu nh p lc ca du. Do trng lng ca thit b i gim i
t 5 10% so vi thit b i ca my iu khin bng cp c cng cng sut. ng
thi my i iu khin bng thy lc c th o c t rn hn so vi my i
iu khin bng cp.
Ngoi ra cn c my i iu khin t xa bng in t, mi c ngi Nht
Bn p dng th im cho nhng my i khai thc khong sn di i dng. Tuy
nhin loi my i ny c cu to ht sc phc tp, cng ngh ch to hin i, gi
thnh cao nn cha c s dung ph bin.
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d. Phn loi da vo c cu di chuyn, my i chia lm hai loi:

My i bnh xch: C p sut xung t nh, bn knh quay vng nh, kh
nng bm vo t tt nn c th hot ng nhng ni c nn t yu, nhng ni
c dc
ln, a hnh cht hp.
My i bnh hi: C tc di chuyn nhanh hn, nhng p sut xung t ln
hn so vi my i bnh xch c cng trng lng.
1.2.3. Yu cu chung:
i tng cng tc ca my cng trnh rt khc nhau khng nhng v tnh
cht c l m c v c im cng ngh, iu kin lm vic...,v thng chng c
kch thc, trng lng ln, v vy yu cu chung i vi chng c th t ra nh
sau:
- Chn hp l v s dng ngun nng lng. Vi my c ng, ng c dn
ng thng c chn l ng c t trong, t hp ng c t trong
- my pht, ng c t trong - bm - ng c thy lc...
- C bn v tui th cao.
- Kch thc gn, nh d vn chuyn, dng lp; c kh nng thi cng trong a
bn cht hp, iu kin thi tit khc nghit; kh nng thay i c cu cng tc,
cng nh kh nng sa cha, thay th thun tin.
- m bo cc yu cu v sinh mi trng cng nh v sinh cng nghip theo
quy nh, thun tin, an ton khi vn hnh.
- Gi thnh u t h.
-
M thut cng ngh tt.
1.3. GII THIU CHUNG V H THNG TRUYN NG CA MY I

Truyn ng dng truyn cng sut, truyn ng t ng c n b cng tc,
trn my i c th s dng truyn ng c hc, truyn ng c in, truyn
ng thu lc, truyn ng kh nn hoc s dng truyn ng kt hp.

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1.3.1. Truyn ng c hc:

Truyn ng c hc bao gm cc b truyn ng c kh c cu o chiu,
truyn ng bng cp ... c khi dng c truyn ng bng thanh dn truyn ng
bng xch.
- Truyn ng bng cp c cu to n gin, nhng ch truyn theo mt
chiu nng i cn mun h xung ch cn nh phanh th di tc dung ca trng
lng bn thn li i s c h xung.
2
3
Hnh 1.3: S truyn ng bng cp

1. B cng tc
2. Cp nng
3. Cm dn ng
Nhn chung b truyn ng c kh c nhng u im, nhc im nh sau:
* u im:
+ Cu to tng i n gin.
+ Ch to d dng, lm vic chc chn
+ C kh nng chu ti ln, gi thnh ch to r
* Nhc im:
+ Kch thc b truyn ln, trong lng nng.
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+ B truyn thng c kt cu phc tp.

+ Lm vic gy ting n ln.
+ Khi truyn cng sut i xa tiu hao cng sut do ma st v qun tnh ln.
+ Tc m men xon c bin i theo cp.
+ Khi cn thit phi iu chnh tc trong phm vi rng.
1.3.2. Truyn ng thu lc:
Truyn ng thu lc l phng php truyn ng c s dng ph bin v
tr thnh mt trong nhng khuynh hng pht trin ca loi my ny.
Theo nguyn l lm vic truyn ng thu lc c chia ra lm hai loi sau:
- Truyn ng thu lc thu ng.
- Truyn ng thu lc th tch.
1.3.2.1. Truyn lc thu lc thu ng.
Trong truyn ng thu ng nng lng c truyn c bn l do kt qu
s dng ng nng ca u c p sut khng cn ln. Vi phng php truyn ng
ny khng c mi lin h cng gia cc khu ch ng v khu b ng. truyn
nng lng ti khu b ng (trc tua bin) ng nng c c s dng lm quay
bnh bm. y, trc bnh bm quay c nh nhn trc tip chuyn ng quay
ca trc ng c hoc c nng khc.
1.3.2.2. Truyn ng thu lc th tch:
Truyn ng th tch l phng php truyn ng c chc nng m bo mi
lin h cng (trong gii hn khng th nn c ca cht lng) gia khu ch ng
v khu b ng ca b truyn thu lc c truyn dn nng lng do bm to ra n
ng c thu lc (xy lanh thu lc hoc ng c thu lc) qua cht lng cng tc
truyn vo khng kh, trong truyn ng thu lc th tch, nng lng truyn ng
l dn thu lc c p sut cao, chuyn ng vi vn tc nh. Nh truyn ng thu
lc th tch, chng ta c th to ra c nhiu dng chuyn ng ca b phn chp
hnh vi qui lut tu (chuyn ng quay, chuyn ng tnh tin)

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5
3
7
8
9
2
Hnh 1.4: S truyn ng thu lc

1. Bnh du
2. B lc
3. Bm thu lc
4. Van an ton
5. C cu iu khin
6. ng ng dn du.
7. Pis ton
8. Xy lanh thu lc
9. Cn Piston
* Truyn ng th tch c u im sau:
- iu chnh v cp trong phm vi rng (1/1000) v t ng iu chnh vn
tc chuyn ng cc b phn cng tc ngay c khi my ang lm vic.
- Truyn ng c cng sut ln.
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- D o chiu chuyn ng ca b cngtc.

- C th m bo cho my lm vic n nh khng ph thuc vo ti trng
bn ngoi.
- Kt cu gn nh, c lc qun tnh nh, u im ny c ngha ln trong h
thng t ng.
- Truyn ng m, khng c ting n.
- nhy chnh xc cao khi iu chnh.
- Tnh n nh cao trong chuyn ng ca b cng tc iu khin nh nhng
v lm vic an ton.
- T bi trn.
- D tiu chun ho, thng nht ho cc phn t cu thnh ca h truyn
ng. Do c th t chc sn xut hng lot.
* Tuy nhin truyn ng th tch c nhc im chnh nh sau.
- Yu cu cao v chnh xc khi ch to, lp ghp cc chi tit nn gi thnh
t.
- Nhit mi trng bn ngoi nh hng n cc thng s ca truyn
ng thu lc.
- Yu cu i vi cht lng ca cht lng dng trong h truyn ng. Thu
lc rt cao.
- Tn tht cng sut kh ln khc phc ma st khi cht lng chuyn ng
trong ng du, Tn tht cht lng do b r r bn trong v bn ngoi ng dn.
- Nu khng kh lt vo trong h thng th ph hu kh nng lm vic ca h
truyn ng thu lc. Nhng c im trn c th khc phc c mt phn bng
cch s dng cht lng c bit, nng cao cht lng.

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1.4. GII THIU CHUNG V MY I KOMATSU D65A:

1.4.1. Kt cu chung:
Hnh 1.5. Kt cu chung ca my i KOMATSU D65A

1- Xy lanh nng h li ben.
10. Li ct bn
2- Thng cha nhin liu.
11. li ct chnh
3- Bnh sao.
12. Ngng trc
4- Xch.
13. ng c
5- Bnh xch.
14. B lc kh

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6- Khung i ch C.
15. ng x kh
7- Bnh dn hng.
16. Tm chn b tn mt
8- Thanh chng xin
17. Bung li
9- Li ben.
Phn my ko c s bao gm, thng nhin liu s (2) bnh sao ch ng s
(3) di xch s (4) bnh xch s (5) bnh dn hng s (6) ng x kh s (15),
bnh lc kh s (14) tm chn b tn mt s (12) ng c chnh s (13) v bung li
s (17).
Phn b phn cng tc gm xy lanh nng h li ben s (1) khung i ch C
s (6), thanh chng xin s (8) li ben s (9), ngng trc s (12) li ct chnh s
(11) v li ct bn s (10)
1.2 Cc thng s k thut chnh ca my i KOMATSU D65A:
Bng 1.2: Cc thng s k thut ca my i KOMATSU D65A
TT
CC THNG S CHNH
GI TR
N V
Loi my
D65A
S s ri
32001
Khi lng lc hot ng
15730
Kg
Khi lng b cng tc
2330
Kg
Chiu di phn my ko c s
4000
mm
Chiu di vi thit b lm vic
5135
mm
Chiu rng phn my ko c s
2390
mm
Chiu rng vi thit b lm vic
3970
mm
Chiu cao n nh cao ng x kh
3015
mm
10
Chiu cao n nh bnh lc kh
2405
mm
11
Chiu rng c s ca di xch
1880
mm
12
Chiu rng gia hai trc bnh xch
2430
mm
13
Chiu rng ca di xch
510
mm
14
Khong sng gm
400
mm
15
p lc ln nn t (phn my ko c s
0,63
kg/cm2

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16
bn knh quay vng
3100
mm
17
Gc nng h b cng tc
300
(0)
18
S lng t s truyn ca s tin
19
s lng t s truyn s li
20
Vn tc di chuyn ti a tin
3,6/10,3
km/h
21
Vn tc di chuyn ti a li
4,7/13,2
km/h
22
C cu di chuyn
23
Kiu li i
24
Chiu rng li i
3970
mm
25
Chiu cao li i
1050
mm
26
Trng lng li i
2730
kg
27
Kiu iu khin li i
Xch
Vn nng
Thu lc
1.4.3. Qu trnh lm vic ca my i:

My i l loi in hnh ca my o t v chuyn t ang c s dng
rng ri. C ly o chuyn t thch hp ca my i < 100m. My i lm vic theo
chu k, mt chu k lm vic ca my i gm cc giai on sau:
- Ct t v tch ly t trc bn i.
- Chuyn t v pha trc v t.
- Chy khng ti v v tr c v tip tc chu k mi.
nng cao nng sut my i, cn phi s dung hp l ch lc ko trong
tng giai on rt ngn thi gian chu k lm vic ca my, trong giai don ct
t v tch t trc bn i l quan trng nht.
Hin nay vic nghin cu qu trnh ct t v tch ly t trc bn i, cc
thng s lin quan n quy lut thay i chiu su ct v qu o chuyn ng ca
dao cng nh cc yu t nh hng n lc ct t tc dng ln my i vn l mt
vn c nhiu ngi quan tm nghin cu.
Qu trnh ct t v tch t ca my i c th tin hnh theo ba phng php
sau:
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-Ct t v tch t c chiu dy phoi khng i trn sut qung ng o

t.
Nh vy khng s dng hp l ch lc ko ca my, chiu di qung ng
o t li, dn n thi gian chu k lm vic di hn v nng sut my s thp. V
vy phng php ny t c s dng trong qu trnh thi cng, ch khi my lm vic
xung dc vn tc ln mi p dng. Trong trng hp , lc cn di chuyn my i
gim i nhiu v lc cn dc tr thnh lc ch ng.
Phng php th hai gn ging phng php th nht v cng t c s
dng.
Trong ba phng php th phng php th ba c s dng rt ph bin, v
phng php ny qu trnh o t v tch t trc bn i gm hai giai on:
+ n su dn dao ct vo t n khi t c chiu su ct ln nht cn thit.
+ Nng dn bn i ln gim chiu su ct n khi t c chiu su ct
nh nht . Vt ct loi ny c dng hnh thang, phng php ny s dng hp l ch
lc ko rt ngn thi gian chu k lm vic, cng nh rt ngn chiu di qung
ng ct t, v tch t nn cho nng sut cao. Hu ht my i ct t theo
phng php ny, v p dng c cho mi a hnh thi cng.
Sau khi ct t tip theo l giai on t, my i t theo hai phng
php:
* Nu ni my ang thi cng cn ly t san lp th my i t theo cch
san ri t thnh lp. Khi san lp rnh vi b thoi c chiu su nh, my i thng
di chuyn theo ng cho nhau (gc to bi ng cho ny thng t 40 45 0).
Nh vy my lm nhim v san ri t, va c tc dng m cht t c nhiu
ln nh hnh v 1.6.

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Hnh 1.6. My i san t chiu su nh

* Khi san lp h ao vi b dc ng v c chiu su ln, my i thng san
lp theo phng php ln dn tc l t c ln dn t b ra. Phng php ny
lm gim dc thi cng cho my i tc l gim lc cn di chuyn khi my chy
li khng ti, sau khi t xong; nhng c nhc im l cht ca t
khng c ng u hnh v 1.7
Hnh 1.7.My i san t chiu su ln.
Nu ni my ang thi cng khng cn ly t san lp rnh hoc h ao th

my i tin hnh t theo phng php: Nng dn bn i ln vun t thnh
ng cao hn mt bng thi cng, to iu kin cho my o mt gu xc lng t
b ln cc phng tin vn chuyn khc, chuyn i ni khc, gp phn lm tng
nng sut cho my o mt gu.
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Sau khi t xong, my i di chuyn khng ti v v tr c tip tc chu k

lm vic mi.
Thng thng my i chy li khng ti (m khng quay u li) v v tr c
rt ngn thi gian chu k lm vic, tng nng sut ca my.
2. CC H THNG CHNH TRN MY I KOMATSU D65A
2.1. H THNG NG LC:
y l h thng ng vai tr ht sc quan trng trn my i, c nhim v
truyn ti cng sut t trc khuu ng c thnh momen v tc c ch cho my
i , to ra lc ko cn thit my i thc hin cc chuyn ng.
Bng 2.1 : Cc thng s k thut ca ng c
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TN GI
ng c
M hiu
Nhin liu dng cho ng c
Cng sut thit k
Hnh trnh xy lanh ng knh
Th tch lm vic
Kch thc chiu rng
Kch thc chiu cao
GI TR
Cumins
NH220 - CI - F
Diezen
140
130,2 x 152
12170
930
2514
N V
(HP)
mm
cc
mm
mm
Trn my i KOMATSU ng c iezen 4 k, m hiu ng c NH220 - CI F bao gm 6 xy lanh, b phn lm mt bng nc, h thng phun nhin liu iezen
trc tip, th tch lm vic l 12170 (CC), hnh trnh lm vic ca xy lanh chnh l
130,2 mm, ng knh xy lanh l 152(mm), tc ng c l 1850 V/ph.
Hnh thc bn ngoi ca ng c c: kch thc chiu di 1573 mm, cng sut
pht ra t bnh l 140 HP. Ngun ng lc ph l ng c in mt chiu vi
my pht c hiu in th 24V, cng dng in 12A. My khi ng c hiu
in th l 24V cng sut 7,5 KW.
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Ngun c quy bao gm c hai bnh, mi bnh c hiu in th l 12V, cng

dng in l 200Ah.
Do my komatsu D65A s dng ng c t trong, vi nhin liu diezen v
vy c u im l: Hiu sut tng i cao ( e = 0,18 0,3 ) v rt c ng.
2.2. H THNG TRUYN LC .
H thng truyn lc c nhim v bin i c nng do thit b ng lc to ra
thnh nng lng truyn thch hp, iu khin v phn phi nng lng truyn
n cc c cu v b phn cng tc. N cho php bin i tc , m men, i khi
bin i c dng v quy lut chuyn ng.
Kt cu ca h thng truyn lc c th hin trn hnh 2.1
Hnh 2.1: s ng truyn lc.

1 - ng c diezen.
2 Bin m
3 - Trc cc ng
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4 - B truyn lc
5 - Van iu khin hp s.
6 - Ly hp.
7 - phanh.
8 - Bnh sao ch ng.
9 - Xch.
Ngun ng lc t ng c (1) c truyn n cm truyn ng trung gian
(2) thng qua bnh ng c. Ngun ng lc t s truyn qua khp ni (3)
n trc s cp ca hp s (4). S la chn t s truyn ph hp cho ly hp b tr
trong hp s (4) nh s hot ng ca van iu khin (5) c lp t trn v ca
hp s, ngun ng lc ph hp vi ti trng c truyn n bnh rng nn,
pha sau hp s.
Ngun ng lc c truyn theo cch thc l t ng c truyn n bin m
thy lc, truyn n hp s v c truyn n bn phi, bn tri bi cp bnh rng
nn.
Ly hp (6) c lp t ti hai u trc ca bnh rng nn c tc dng ngn
cn v iu khin ng lc t bnh rng nn truyn n ly hp cui cng.
Hng di chuyn ca my c thay i bi hot ng ca van iu khin b
tr trn np ca hp li ct ngun ng lc ca ly hp pha m my mun di
chuyn.
Bn knh quay vng c quyt nh bi phanh c lp t trng phanh.
ng lc t ly hp chnh li c truyn n ly hp cui cng v c gim
tc thm mt ln na trc khi lm quay bnh sao ch ng (8). S quay vng ca
bnh sao ch ng (8) dn ng h thng xch (9) quay vng v xe chuyn ng
dch chuyn theo mun ca ngi iu khin.
Bnh sao chuyn ng trn di xch lm n chuyn ng i xung. Chuyn
ng quay trn ca bnh sao do lc n ng t ng c.
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Tuy nhin nu bnh sao nhn ht lc truyn ng t ng c th n s quay rt

nhanh v lm gim hiu sut sinh cng, v vy gia bnh sao v ng c ngi ta
lp thm c cu gim tc.
u tin vn tc c lm gim hp s, sau ti trc sau ca bnh rng
gim tc v cui cng n li tip tc c gim xung c cu gim tc cui. Hn
na, gim tc cng nhiu th vn tc my cng thp v to ra lc ko cng ln.
2.3 H THNG TRUYN NG TRN MY I KOMATSU D65A.
- H truyn ng dng truyn cng sut, truyn ng t ng c n b
cng tc, h truyn ng trn my i KOMATSU D65A c s dng bng h
truyn ng thu lc v chnh xc thc t l h truyn ng thu lc th tch.

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7
4
9
3
2
H nh2.2 s h truyn ng
1.Thng du
6. Xy lanh
2.Bm
7. Van mt chiu(np co)
3.Van an ton
8. Van mt chiu( np dui)
4. Van iu khin
9. Van mt chiu
5. Bnh lc du

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Du t bnh du s 1 c truyn qua bm bnh rng s 2 qua van iu

khin. T cm van iu khin du c phn phi i ti xy lanh nng h b cng
tc. Mi hot ng chuyn hng ca ng du u do s iu khin ca cm van
s 4. V h truyn ng c chnh vn tc trong phm vi rng v t ng iu
chnh vn tc truyn ng vi cng sut ln, o chiu chuyn ng ca b cng
tc, d dng thay i c qui lut chuyn ng, chuyn ng tnh tin hoc ngc
li m bo cho my lm vic n nh khng ph thuc ti trng bn ngoi, kt cu
gn nh, lc qun tnh nh, truyn ng cn khng c ting n, nhy chnh
xc cao khi iu chnh, tnh n nh cao khi chuyn ng ca b cng tc, iu
khin nh nhng v lm vic an ton t ng bi trn, song tn tht cng sut do r
r cht lng trong v ngoi ng ng du
2.4. C CU DI CHUYN:
C cu di chuyn my i komatsu D65A l c cu di chuyn bng xch. Cc
b phn chnh ca cm di ng xch c th hin trn hnh v 2.4.1.
Hnh 2.3 Kt cu b phn di chuyn bng xch

1. Bnh ch ng hnh sao
6. Gi ta b phn cng xch
2. Di xch
7. L xo
3. Bnh xch
8. L xo dm chn ca cm bnh xch
4. Cm bnh xch
9. Khung my ko
5. Bnh dn hng
10. Bnh xch

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Bnh sao ch ng 1 nhn m men quay t truyn lc cui cng, ko di xch

chuyn ng v lm cho my i di chuyn.
Di xch 2 gm c nhiu mt xch ring bit ni vi nhau bng khp bn l
thnh di kn. N baoquanh bnh ch ng, bnh dn hng, cc bnh xch v
cc bnh xch, to din tch tip xc gia hai di xch kh ln, do trng lng
ca my i qua cc bnh xch c phn b trn mt ta rng, p sut ring trn
mt t nh, nh bm t tt, bm v trt nh. Ngoi ra cc mt xch
cn c cc mu bm t ( pha ngoi) v g to rnh ln cho cc bnh xch
pha trong.
Cc bnh xch c tc dng nng bnh b ng trn ca di xch v d
cho n khi lc ngang trong khi chuyn ng. Bnh dn hng 5 v c cu cng
xch dng nh hng chuyn ng ng ca di xch , cng xch v gim
chn cho b phn di ng xch.
B phn di chuyn lm vic nh sau:
M men ch ng truyn n bnh sao ch ng 1 lp trn trc b ng ca
truyn lc cui cng, lm cho n quay ko theo di xch ln di cc bnh xch.
Khi xut hin phn lc tip tuyn ca t ti vng tip xc, lc ny truyn ln
khung v y my ko chuyn ng khi m cc bnh ln theo cc ng g bn
trong di xch nh ln trn mt ng ray v hn.
B phn di chuyn bng xch trn my i komatsu D65A c nhiu u im l:
Kh nng bm v tnh c ng cao, p sut ring trn t nh nn lc cn ln nh.
Nhc im:Cu trc phc tp, gi thnh b phn di chuyn bng xch cao, chi
ph nhiu thi gian trong qu trnh chm sc bo dng hay sa cha.
2.5. H THNG IU KHIN

H thng iu khin dng iu khin qu trnh lm vic ca my.

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Trn my i komatsu D65A h thng iu khin l iu khin thy lc, v vy

h thng c kt cu nh, gn, khng c h thanh bn l cng knh, phc tp. C kh
nng truyn i xa, lc tc dng ln tay iu khin hay bn p v hnh trnh ca
chng nh.
Cc c cu chnh ca h thng iu khin l c cu iu chnh (cc loi van,
b phn phn phi thy lc) v cng nh cc c cu khp, thanh v cc h thng
khc... m nh ngi li mi iu khin c cc c cu iu chnh.
iu khin cng vic ca thit b dn ng thy lc trong my i l s tc
dng ln c cu iu khin: p lc trong ng dn v trong h thng thit b dn
ng thy lc. Hng dn ng ca dng cht lng cng tc v lng cht lng dn
n cc ng c thy lc.
C mt s c cu iu chnh chu tc dng t ng vo c cu iu khin, cn
mt s khc th t di s kim sot ca ngi iu khin, C cu iu chnh
p lc l thit b iu chnh t ng.
Trong a s cc trng hp th ngi iu khin iu khin cc c cu dng
iu chnh hng chuyn ng v lng tiu th ca cht lng cng tc. S thay
i hng chuyn ng v lng tiu th cht lng cng tc da vo ng c thy
lc s quyt nh s thay i tng ng v tc chuyn ng ca cc c cu my
i c dn ng t ng c thy lc.
Mch thy lc ca h thng iu khin c th hin trn hnh 2.4

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Hnh 2.4 s h thng iu khin bin m v hp s .

Trong :
1. V hp s.
2. B lc th
3. Bm bnh rng
4. B lc du.
5. Van gin p iu bin
6. Van hi nhanh
7. Van gim p
8. Van iu khin tc
9. Van an ton
10. Van tin - li
11. Van gim p bin m
12. Bin m
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13. Van tit lu bin m

14. B lm mt du
15. Van gin p bi trn
16. Bi trn hp s
17. V bin m
18. B lc th (Li lc)
19. Bm x
20. Bi trn b ngt cng sut
A. Nt gim p sut bin m (PT1/8)
B. Nt tit lu p sut bin m (PT 1/8)
C. Thch ng nhin du bin m
D. nt x p iu bin p sut hp s (PT 1/8)
- H thng iu khin ca bin m v hp s.
Cc b phn chnh trong h thng iu khin thu lc ca hp s bao gm
b lc th (li lc) (18) Bm du s (19), b van iu khin v b lm mt du
(14). Cc ng ni van gim p bi trn (15) vi b lm mt du (14) v ni b lc
du th y v hp vi ca ht ca bm du t v hp s c ht ln bi bm s
(2) thng qua b lc th (1) cung cp cho van iu khin hp s thng qua b lc
du s (3) van iu khin ca hp s c chia lm 2 nhm l van iu bin p ton
v nhm van an ton cho bin m. Du c gim p xung mc 20 KG/cm 2 s
chy t van iu bin an ton n cung cp cho van an ton ca bin m.
Van an ton ca bin m c p sut thit nh 6 7 KG/cm2 v n iu khin
dng du cung cp cho bin m.Du c cung cp bng van ny sau c
a trc tip n mch bi trn. Tip sau du c a ra khi bin mv chy
n van tit lu ca bin m.
Van tit lu ca van bin mc p sut thit nh t 23 KG/cm2 v n c tc
dng duy tr p sut ca bin m. Van tit lu s dn dng du vi p sut t
23(KG/cm2) qua b lm mt du du c lm mt, ri ti thng van an ton

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ca h thng bi trn hp s van an ton ca h thng bi trn c p sut thit nh

l (KG/cm2) n cung cp du cho cc b phn di trt hp s v b ngt cng sut.
Du c s dng bi trn bin m hoc du r ra t cc mt tip xc ca
bin m sau quay v t bin m n v hp sbng bm x du.
-
Van an ton ca bin m(van gim p)
Van gim p ny c iu khin p lc ca dng cht lng sao cho p sut

kh cao khng c cung cp n bin m thu lc , p lc ca du c iu
chnh n nh mc 20 KG/cm 2 ti van iu chnh ca h thng van truyn ng
c tip tc gim xung t 67 KG/cm2 bi van gim p.
Cht lng t van iu khin hp s i n ca A v i n A ' i n bm ca
bin m thu lc, khi khoang A cha y v p lc tng ln 7 KG/cm 2 cht lng ny
s nn l xo 23 v y ng ng van i ln v cht lng s chy sang khoang B i
n van gim p ca h thng bi trn ca hp s, du trong khoang C chy xung
bin m khi ng van b y ln.
-
Van iu khin
Van ny c b tr trn ng du ra ca bin m thu lc, m bo p sut

du trong bin m thu lc khong 23 KG/cm2nhm bo v bin m thu lc
v m bo hot ng ti a
Du t bin m chy n khoang D ' trong v bin m n khoang D cho
n khi du c in y v khi t n p sut 3 KG/cm 2 du s y l xo 25 ,
y ng i xung v du chy xung khoang E , trong h thng lm mt du .
Du lu li trong khoang F chy vo trong bin m khi ng van b y tt
xung .
-
Bm tng cng p sut
Du r ra ngoi t b mt tip gip ca bm stato, tuc bin v bi trn stato b chy

ra v ca bin m trong qu trnh lm vic , mt s du trong v bin m c tun
hon qua lc du n hp s bi bm 15 m c dn ng bi bnh rng 14 lp
t mt sau ca bin m.

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2.6. B CNG TC V C CU PH TR:

2.6.1. B cng tc:
My i komatsu D65A c li i cu to kiu vn nng, c s kt cu nh
hnh v 2.5.
1
10
3
5
Hnh 2.5 S kt cu cm li i vn nng

1. Li i
6. Tay chng
2. Li ct
7. Chc
3. Dao ct bin
8. Trc trung tm
4. Khung chnh
9. Khp ni
5. Thanh chng xin
10. Ngng trc
Li i 1 c t nm pha trc ca my i v c ch to t thp cc

bon c bn cao, chu c ti trng ln. Li ct 2 c ch to t thp cc bon
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bao gm c hai mnh v th d dng thay th. Li ct hai bn 3 cng c ch to

t thp cc bon c, c kh nng chng mi mn tt v c bn cao.
Khung i 4 cng c ch to t thp cc bon c bn cao, c cu trc l
thp hp, pha trc c gn khp ni 9 ni lin kt vi khung di chuyn thng
qua ngng trc 10 v khung 9 c nng ln, h xung nh s hot ng ca xy
lanh thy lc.
Li i c lin kt vi khung chnh, vi trc trung tm 8, tay chng 6 v
thanh chng xin 5.
2.6.2. C cu ph tr:
Xy lanh thy lc nng h:
My i komatsu D56A c hai xy lanh thy lc cng chung mt ng du.
Xy lanh thy lc komatsu D65A c ng knh xy lanh l 130mm, hnh trnh
piston l 802mm. Cu to xy lanh c th hin 2.6
Hnh 2.6 Kt cu xy lanh my i KOMATSU D65A

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Trong
1. ng lt
2. Np m
3. u xy lanh
4. Xy lanh
5. Cn piston
6. ng lt
7. i c
8. ng lt
9. Pht lm kn
10. ng lt
11. Siu chn bi
12. Tm chn
13. Pht lm kn
14. Vng lm kn ca piston
15. Piston
16. van
17. Van piston
Trn piston c ba van 7 kt thc hnh trnh ca piston, van ny nm trong
t , t lch nhau theo chu k l 120 0, van ny c tc dng m bo p sut du
xy lanh khng tng ln khi piston kt thc hnh trnh, van ny hot ng nh sau:
Khi piston dch chuyn trong xy lanh di tc dng ca du c p sut vo mt
khoang ca xy lanh, lc ny van b y v mt bn lm ng kn mch du i qua
n. Khi hnh trnh piston kt thc, ui van chm vo np xy lanh lm cho van m
ra v cho du i qua sang ng dn ni vi khoang kia ca xy lanh, v p sut trong
xy lanh gim xung. Nh vy van c m t ng gim p sut va tng ln
cui qu trnh nng hay h ca piston trong xy lanh, lm cho piston khng chm vo
np xy lanh.Ngoi ra n cn c tc dng lm cho bn i nng ln mt cch m du.

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3 . KHO ST H THNG TRUYN NG THU LC TRN MY I

KOMATSU D65A
3.1 S h thng truyn ng.
8
7
4
9
3
2
Hnh 3.1: S h thng truyn ng

Trong :
1 - Bnh du
2 - My bm du bnh rng
3 - Van gim p
4 - Van iu khin kiu pt tn
5 - B lc du
6 - Xy lanh nng h ben i
7 Van mt chiu( np co)
8 Van mt chiu(np dui)
9 - Van mt chiu
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3.2. Truyun ng khi di chuyn khng ti.

3.2.1. S mch truyn ng thu lc b cng tc lc khng ti
140kg/cm3
Hnh 3.2 S truyn ng thu lc b cng tc li khng ti

Trong :
1. Thng cha du thu lc
2. My bm thu lc
3. Van gim p
4. Van trt kiu piston iu khin b cng tc
5. B lc du
6. Xi lanh nng h li i
7. Van mt chiu ( np co)
8. Van mt chiu ( np dui )
9. Van iu khin mt chiu

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* Nguyn l lm vic
ch khng ti, van iu khin s (4) v tr trung gian, du thu lc t
bnh du s (1) c bm ln t bm du s (2) qua van an ton s (3) vi p sut
thit nh trc ca van an ton 140(Kg/cm 2 ), du tip tc c truyn n van
iu khin s (4) thng qua ca van iu khin v tr trung gian v du c
truyn n b lc du s (5) v tr v thng cha du s (1) cng lc ny th ti cc
ca van hai v tr cn li ca van iu khin s (4) n vi cc van np co s (7) v
van np dui s (8) u b bt kn do cc ng du thng vi khoang trc v
khoang sau piston ca xi lanh thu lc c ng kn v du nm trong xi lanh thu
lc c gi nguyn p sut, lc ny th cn piston c gi nguyn khng di
chuyn v li i c nm ti mt v tr c nh phn p sut du li hai khoang
pha trc v pha sau piston trong xi lanh nng h ben c cn bng.

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3.2.2. Kt cu v nguyn l lm vicca cc b phn chnh

3.2.2.1. Kt cu v nguyn l lm vic ca bm bnh rngdng trn my i
KOMATSUD65A
17
16
5
1
4
1
13
12
18
11
10
1
2
A -A
22
1
2
9
1
20

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Hnh 3.3 Kt cu bm bnh rng

Trong :
1.Truc banh rng chu ng
12.Bulng bt dy in
2.Vong ham
13. Thanh loi t
3.Bac
14.Lo xo la
4. Vo bm
15.a van
5. Pht chn du
16.c co ni van mt
chiu
6. ng lot
17.Np chup
7. Bac lot
18. Loi loc du
8.Banh rng dn ng
19.Ca y du
9.Bulng
20. Ca hut du
10.Truc va banh rng b ng
21.Lo xo
11.Cun dy
22. Van bi
Bnh rng dn ng (8) c gn lin trn trc chnh s (1) ca bm v n

khp vi bnh rng b ng s (10) . C hai bnh rng u t trong v bm (4)
khong trng A gia v bm v ming ht gi l bng ht, khong trng B gia hai
bnh rng v ming ng y gi l bng y.
* Nguyn l lm vic:
Khi bm lm vic bnh rng ch ng quay ko bnh rng b ng quay
theo, cht lng v du thu lc cha y trong cc rnh bnh rng ngoi vng n
khp c chuyn t bng ht qua bng y theo vng v bm (theo chiu chuyn
ng ca bnh rng) . V th tch cha du thu lc trong bng y gim khi cc
rng ca hai bnh rng khp, nu cht lng b chn p v dn vo ng y vi p
sut cao qu trnh ny gi l qu trnh y ca bm. ng thi vi qu trnh y, th
bng ht xy ra qu trnh ht nh sau: Th tch cha du thu lc tng ( khi cc
rng n khp), p sut gim xung thp hn p sut trn mt thong ca b mt du,
lm cho cht lng l du thu lc chy qua ng ht vo bm ( nu p sut mt
thong ca b mt ht l p sut kh tri th trong bng ht c p sut chn khng
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nh vy qu trnh ht v qu trnh y ca bm xy ra ng thi v lin tc khi

bm lm vic ).
Theo nguyn l lm vic ca bm ta thy rng nu bm khng c khe h th
p sut du ch tng khi no du c chuyn ng n bng y, nh vy p sut
do bm to nn ch ph thuc ph ti(p sut trn ng y). Nhng trong thc t
bao gi cng c khe h gia nh rng vi v bm, gia mt u bnh rng vi v
bm v gia cc mt rng, nu du thu lc c tng p sut sm hn trc khi
n bng y, chnh cc khe h ny gy nn tn tht lu lng ca bm bnh
rng (du thu lc theo khe h chy ngc bng ht) hn ch kh nng tng p
sut ca bm. Nu p sut ph ti cao qu mc th lu lng ca bm hon ton b
tn tht .
V vy cn hn ch p sut lm vic ti a ca bm th ta b tr van an ton
trn ng ng y.
3.2.2.2. Van iu khin li i
- Kt cu van iu khin li i
9
10
11
16
15
14
13
Hnh 3.4 Kt cu van iu khin

Trang 38
12
AN TT NGHIP:

Trong :
1 V
2 ng lt
3 ; 5 Tm chn
4 Vnh t
6 L xo
7 Np
8 Ci hm
9 Bi hm
10 ng dn hng
11 L xo
12 Cht
13 a van mt chiu
14 van mt chiu
15 L xo
16 Van mt chiu (van kho)
Cu to van iu khin l piston c t trong v ca b phn phn phi v
iu khin tnh tin quali nh nh lc trc tip ca tay ngi th li thng qua cn
y. u cn li ca piston c b tr l xo s (6) sao cho khi piston di chuyn qua
phi hoc qua tri th l xo u b nn, c cu van b kho hm s (9) c tc dng
gi cho piston khng di chuyn khi khng tc dng vo piston, trn thn van phn
phi cn b tr van mt chiu trn ng du cao p. Van iu khin b cng tc
bao gm c 6 ca v 3 v tr (v tr I . II . III)
Nhim v : dng iu khin dng cht lng l du thu lc cung cp cho
qu trnh hot ng ca xi lanh thu lc nhm nng, h v gi nguyn trng thi cn
thit ca b cng tc trong qu trnh di chuyn khng ti v qu trnh lm vic ca
my i.

Trang 39
AN TT NGHIP:

Trong trng hp khng ti th van iu khin s (4) v tr I v v tr III b

ng li v v tr II ch lm vic ny. Lc ny van iu khin s (4) v tr
trung gian.
3.2.2.3. Van an ton:
- Van an ton dng bo v cc c cu, cc thnh phn dn ng thu lc
ca my khng b qu ti, hn ch p lc cht lng trong h thng mt gii hn
cho php (p sut thit nh 140KG/cm 2) cc van an ton c lp trc tip trn
bm, m t thu lc, b lc, ng dn. Cc van ny cn phi m bo tin cy khi
lm vic, c nhy cao, n nh p lc i vi lung tiu th cht lng khc
nhau v rung nh nht i vi cc thnh phn cht lng cng tc c chy ra
khi p lc vt qu quy nh.
- Van an ton thng c iu chnh khi p lc vt qu quy nh
(1020)%. khi p lc trong h thng vt qu mc cho php th van m ra cho
php cht lng chy vo khoang p sut thp .
- S kt cu van an ton.
Hnh 3.5 : Kt cu van an ton

Cu to:
1. Nt iu chnh gim p
2. ai c kho
3. V
Trang 40
AN TT NGHIP:

4. L xo
5. Van
6. van
7. Thn van
8. L xo
9. Van gim p chnh
* Nguyn l lm vic
Van gim p nhm duy tr ng dn ra mt p lc c nh m khng ph thuc
p lc ng du vo ca van.
Cng nh cc h thng thu lc khc, m bo ch lm vic n nh
v chuyn ng theo mun nu trong h truyn ng thu lc ca my i ngi ta
trang b cc van: Van an ton van thng qua, van mt chiu, van gim p mc d
van an ton c tc dng tu ng va bo v cho h thng khi qu ti vo n nh
truyn du cng sut khng qu ln, trn my i Komatsu D65A ngi ta c th s
dng van an ton c tc dng trc tip nh trn.
- Van an ton c lp trn ng ng dn du ca h thng thu lc. Cht
lng c p lc i vo thn van 7 tc ng ln mt ca van. Nu p lc cht lng nh
hn vng lc ca l xo th lc ny van cha lm vic, cht lng tip tc i vo cung
cp cho cc khoang cng tc ca cc c cu lm vic. Nu p lc ca cht lng
ln thng lc l xo, lc ny van an ton hot ng cho php cht lng chy qua van
thng vi ng tho cht lng trnh c qu trnh qu ti cho h thng.

Trang 41
AN TT NGHIP:

3.2.2.4. Kt cu van mt chiu.
Hnh 3.6: Kt cu van np dui

Trong
1. Thn van
2. Van np dui
3. L xo.
4. a
* Nguyn l:
Van np dui l van mt chiu dng a cht lng theo mt chiu v
khng cho chy ngc li, van c lin kt thn van 1 v a van 4, trong c van
np dui 2, l xo 3 ta ln a van 4.

Trang 42
AN TT NGHIP:

Cht lng c truyn dn t van iu khin thng qua van np dui truyn
ti xylanh thu lc, trong qu trnh truyn ng.
Hnh 3.6: Kt cu van np co

1. Thn van np
2. Van np co.
3. L xo.
4. van
Nhim v van mt chiu dng gi cho cht lng chy theo mt chiu nht
nh theo kt cu loi van dng iu chnh dng cht lng theo mt chiu
chn.
Van c cu to t hai ng ni mt vo 5 lin kt vi nhau bng ren, trong
c ng dn hng s 6 v l xo s 7 p vin bi ta trn ta van s 8.

Trang 43
AN TT NGHIP:

3.2.2.5. Xy lanh thu lc nng h b cng tc.

Kt cu xy lanh :
Hnh 3.7: S kt cu xy lanh thu lc cu to gm:

Trong :
1. ng lt.
2. Np m.
3. u xy lanh
4. Xy lanh
5. Cn piston
6. ng lt
7. i c
8. ng lt.
9. Pht lm kn
10. ng lt
11. Siu chn bi
12. Tm chn
13. Pht lm kn
Trang 44
AN TT NGHIP:

14. Vng lm kn ca piston

15. Piston
16. van
17. Van ca piston.
* Nguyn l lm vic
Chng ta c th d dng bit c nguyn l lm vic ca xylanh thu lc,
khi dng cht lng c p sut cao c van iu khin cung cp vo mt trong hai
khoang ca xylanh thu lc th piston v cn piston s dch chuyn v pha tng
ng.
- Xy lanh thu lc c nhim v nng h b cng tc ca my i khi lm vic
cung khi ang di chuyn khng ti, trn xy lanh thu lc c gn van piston, Khi cn
Piston dch chuyn n cui hnh trnh, n c tc dng lm gim p sut du c
cung cp t bm du thu lc v gi cho chuyn ng ca piston chnh trong
xylanh thu lc c m du.
3.2.2.6. Van gim chn (kiu piston)
21
22
23
21
22
2.1
Hnh 38: Kt cu van piston

Van piston c lp t xy lanh nng h b cng tc, khi cn piston dch
chuyn n cui hnh trnh ca n c tc dng lm gim p sut du c cung cp
t bn.
Cn piston trong khi dch chuyn vi tc co n dng li v vo vo
thnh xylanh, du vn c a n xy lanh lm p sut trng h thng tng cao,
van gim p (an ton) trong cm van iu khin m ra lm gim p sut ca du.
Trang 45
AN TT NGHIP:

S kin c p sut tng cao v van an ton hot ng thng xuyn ti cui
hnh trnh l khng c li cho h thng v th trong c cu van u nt ca van
piston c thit k tip kp ti u hoc cui ca xy lanh trc khi piston va
chm, v vy du c th chy thng xuyn qua van piston.
- Trng hp khi piston dch chuyn.
- Du t bn du c y n biston 15 v van piston s 22, van piston b
y theo chiu nh mi tn i n van piston sau ca van ca van piston
c bt kn lm p sut trong xy lanh tng ln y cn piston (5) i theo chiu mi
tn.
- S lm vic ca van piston.
Trc khi cn piston (5) i n im cht u ca van piston (22) s tip xc
vi y hoc u ca xy lanh, van piston dng li ti v tr , trong khi cn piston
(5) vn tip tc di chuyn.
Ti thi im , du trong xy lanh m c bt kn bi van piston bt u
c gii thot qua van (23) v p sut du khng tng ln na.
V vy p sut du trong h thng khng tng ln v van an ton trong cm
van iu khin khng lm vic, du tun hon xuyn quan van piston.
3.2.3. Cc b phn ph:
Cc b phn ph trng h thng truyn ng th tch my i KOMATSU
D65A gm: Cc ng dn du v cc b phn ni chng, thng cha cht lng b
lc.
* ng dn.
Gm cc ng dn dng dn cht lng (nng lng) t bm n xy lanh
thu lc v t xy lanh thu lc tr v thng du, tu theo iu kin lm vic m
ngi ta c th dng loi ng dn mm v ng dn cng. V cc ng dn h thng
truyn ng thng chu p sut cao nn cn ch n sc bn ca ng v kht
cc mi ni, mt khc khi lp rp cc ng c p sut cao cn trnh lp qu cng, gy
ng sut trong thnh ng trnh nt v ng.
* Thng cha cht lng (thng du thu lc).
Trang 46
AN TT NGHIP:

Ni chung, yu cu i vi thng cha cht lng trong h thng thu lc l

loi thng kn c van gim p, c bu lc du, mt kim tra du, lng du do r
mt mt trong qu trnh lm vic v bi trn ... Nhiu khi nng cao hiu sut v
gim ting n ca bm, ngi ta c th bm ngp v cht lng trong thng cha.
iu lm tng th tch ca thng, th tch phn khng kh trn mt thong ca
thng nn khong 10 15% th tch thng.
Kt cu thng du thu lc.
1
Hnh v 3.9: Kt cu thng du thu lc

Trong :
1. Van gim p chnh .
2. Cm van iu khin.
3. Van ht.
4. Bu lc
Trang 47
AN TT NGHIP:

5. V bao ngoi.
6. Mt kim tra du.
A. T lc du
B. n lc du.
C. n bm du.
D. T bm du.
E. i n pha trn ca xy lanh.
F. i n pha di ca xy lanh.
* B lc
Trong qu trnh lm vic cht lng b phn hu nhim bn bi nhiu loi tp
cht nh: mt kim loi do cc b mt ma st b mn, tp cht do du b bin cht, b
oxy ho v. v...
loi b nhng tp cht trn, nht l tp cht c hc, i hi phi trang b
cc thit b lc. Theo kh nng thng qua (Kch thc thit b lc tp cht thng qua
bu lc) ta chia b lc ra lm hai loi l:
-
Lc th.
Lc tinh.
Trn my i KOMATSU D65A, bu lc th vi phn t lc l li lp trn

ming rt ca thng cha, cn vi bu lc tinh c lp trn ng tho ca cht
lng. Mc d, khng bo v c bm khi cc tp cht ln trong cht lng nhng
trnh c hin tng xm thc xy ra do tt bu lc.

Trang 48
AN TT NGHIP:

4
5
Hnh 3.10: Kt cu bu lc du.

Trong :
1. Np
2. Vng m kn.
3. Cc.
4. Li.
5. Phn t lc.
6. Bu lng.
7. u ni.

Trang 49
AN TT NGHIP:

Bu lc chnh c lp trn my i KOMATSU D65A l bu lc tinh, vi

phn t lc bng giy c lc l 25 micromet. N c cu to t np (10, cc (3)
phn t lc (5) vng m kn (2) v bulng (6) gai phn t lc.
Cht lng t cng tc chy vo knh A v qua cc b phn lc i n knh C,
trong trng hp lc tc th p lc cht lng trong knh A s tng, van an ton
(Khng th hin trn hnh v) m ra, lc ny cht lng thng qua knh C m khng
thng qua phn t lc.
3.3. Truyn ng trong qu trnh lm vic v tnh ton tr lc cng tc.
3.3.1. S mch thu lc nng b cng tc.
Hnh 3.11: S mch thu lc nng li ben

Trong :
1. Thng cha du thu lc.
2. My bm du.
3. Van an ton
4. Van iu khin cn nng, h li i.
Trang 50
AN TT NGHIP:

5. B lc du.
6. Xy lanh nng h.
7. Van np co.
8. Van np dui.
9. Van iu khin mt chiu.
* Nguyn l hot ng trong qu trnh lm vic.
- Hnh trnh nng li i, du t thng cha du s (1) c bm ln t bm
du s (2) qua van an ton s (3) vi p sut thit nh ca van an ton l 140
Kg/cm3, du c dn qua van mt chiu s (9) c truyn n v tr ca nng ca
van iu khin s (4) Vi p sut du c duy tr v truyn n van np c s (7)
thng qua van np s 7 du c truyn vo khoang pha trc ca xy lanh thu
lc, dui p sut cao p ca du c nn tc ng ln phi trc piston v lm cho
piston dch chuyn, piston dch chuyn th ng thi cn piston gn lin vi piston
cng c chuyn ng li phi trong ca xylanh, du pha sau piston thng qua
ng du hi ti bu lc s (5) v tr v thng du s (1), lc ny hnh trnh lm
vic ca xylanh l hnh trnh co do li i c nng ln.
- Hnh trnh h li i, l du t thng cha du s (1) c bm ln t bm
du s (2) truyn qua van an ton s (3) vi p sut thit nh ca van l 140
KG/cm3, tip tc c truyn qua van mt chiu s (9) c truyn n v tr ca
van iu khin s (4), vi p sut du c duy tr v truyn qua van np dui s
(8) v i n khoang pha sau ca xy lanh, vi p sut du cao p b nn tc ng
ln mt sau ca piston lm cho piston chuyn ng v dn n cn piston chuyn
ng tnh tin v phi trc, cn du khoang trc xy lanh c tr v qua b lc
du s (5) v i n thng du s (1), qu trnh ny l hnh dui ca xy lanh v tc
ng li b cng tc, lc ny li i c h xung trong qu trnh o, i san t.
3.3.2.Tnh ton tr lc cng tc.
- Xc nh cc lc cn tc dng ln my i khi o chuyn t - qua xc
nh lc kp tip truyn v cng sut ca my.
Trang 51
AN TT NGHIP:

- Xc nh thng s lin quan n qu trnh o t v nhng thng s nh

hng n lc cn ct ca my i.
* Xc nh lc cn tc dng ln bn i.
- Trong khi o vo di chuyn t, my i mun di chuyn c th phi
tho mn iu kin sau.
W PK < Pb
Trong :
W - Tng cc lc cn tc dng ln my i
PK - Lc ko tip truyn ca my.
Pb - Lc bm gia c cu di chuyn v mt ng.
Gd
Gdcos
H1
Dd
B
H
Dcos
W2
W3=Gdcos
a)
b)
W"3
c)
Hnh 3.12: S xc nh cc lc cn tc dng ln my i.

- Trong qu trinh o v vn chuyn t my i gp cc lc cn sau.
+ Lc cn ct t W1
+ Lc cn di chuyn khi t ln trc bn i W2.
+ Lc cn di chuyn khi t cun ln pha trn bn i W3 .
+ Lc cn di chuyn my W4
+ Lc cn ma st gia dao ct v t W5
- Xc nh lc cn ct W 1. Theo cng thc (4.I.8) trang 205 ca ti liu 5.
W1 = K.B.h1
Trang 52
AN TT NGHIP:

K - Lc cn ct ring n v KN/m3
Gi tr K chn khi gc ct = 45 600, ph thuc vo cp t.
K = 10 55
(KN/m2)
Cp II c
K = 57 110
(KN/m2)
Cp III c
K = 110 170
Cp IV c
K = 170 200 KN/m2
Vi t cp I c
(KN/m2)
xc nh c lc cn ct W1 ln nht th:
y ta chn :
= 450
Vi cp t cp IV c K = 200 KN/m2
B- Chiu rng my i : B = 3,97m
hi - Chiu su ct trong giai on van chuyn t b li lung t b ri
vi sang hai bn. (m)
Theo cng thc (4I.9) trang 205 sch my lm t.
hi =
Trong :
K 1 .V
.B
K1 - H s k n ri vi t sang hai bn trn 1m qung
ng vn chuyn t gi tr ca n ph thuc v tnh cht t.

+ Vi t t dnh: K1 = 0,025 0,032
+ Vi t kh: K1 = 0,06 0,07
Ta chn K1 = 0,06
V - Th tch khi t ln trc bn i (m3)
V ph thuc v tnh cht ca t v cc thng s hnh hc ca bn i
H T2 .B
V=
2 .K t
Hoc : V =
H T2 .B
2.tg
(4.1.10)
(4.I.10a)
HT : Chiu cao k c tm chn pha trn bn i (m)

HT = 1,11 (m)
Trang 53
AN TT NGHIP:

: Gc chy t nhin ca t
= 450
B : Chiu rng ca bn i
B = 3,97 (m)
Thay vo cng thc (4.I.10a)

Ta c :
V=
1,112.3,97
2,44
2.1
(m)
Thay V = 3,19 (m) vo cng thc (4.I.9) ta c

h1 =
0,06.2,44
0,03
3,97
(m)
Thay h1 = 0,03 (m) vo cng thc (4.I.8) ta c

W1 = 2000.3,97.0,03 = 238,2 (N)
- Xc nh lc cn di chuyn khi t ln trc ti liu 4.
W2 = V.P.2 = G.2
Trong : G trng lng ca khi t ln trc bn i:
G = V.P
P : Trng lng ring ca t.
P = 1,5T/m3 = 1500 kg/m3 = 14715 N/m3
2 : H s ma st gia t v t
+ Vi t t : 2 = 0,5
+ Vi t kh : 2 = 0,7
Ta chn t tnh l t kh nn 2 = 0,7
Thay vo cng thc (4.I.11) ta c
W2 = 2,44.14715.0,7 = 25133
(N)
- Khi i th hiu qu trnh o t v tch t pha trc bn i t c cun

ln trn to thnh khi t ln c th tch V v trng lng G khi t ny s
nn vo b mt bn i mt p lc N, di tc dng ca p lc N ti b mt tip xc
gia khi t ln v lng bn i xut hin mt lc ma st F ms chng li s chuyn
ng ca khi t khi n cun ln pha trc bn i, v lc F ms c phng vung
gc vi phng ca p lc N v c xc nh theo cng thc.
Trang 54
AN TT NGHIP:

Fms = 1.N = 1.G.cos

Ta chiu Fms xung phng di chuyn. ta s xc nh c lc cn di chuyn
do khi t cun ln pha trc bn i to ra.
Theo cng thc (4.I.12) trang 207 ca ti liu 5
W3 = Fms.cos = 1.G.cos
Trong :
: Gc ct ca dao ct : = 550
1 ; H s ma st gia thp v t : 1 = 0,8
Thay vo ta c:
W3 = 0,8.35904.0,33 = 9479
(N)
- Lc cn di chuyn my i : W4
W4 = Gm (f.cos sin)
Trong :
Gm : trng lng ca my i:
Gm = 1573 kg = 154311
(N)
f : H s cn ln ca bnh xch : f = (0,10 0,12)

Ta chn f = 0,10
: L gc nghing ca ni lm vic so vi phng nm ngang,
khi 100 ta c th xem cos = 1 v sin tg = i
Lc
W4 = Gm.(f i) du (+) khi my i ln dc v u (-) khi my
i xung dc
i : dc ca b mt lm vic %
y ta xt trng hp my i ln dc v cos = 100
Thay vo cng thc (4.I.12) ta c
W4 = 154311.(0,1.1 + 0,17) = 41664

Trang 55
(N)
AN TT NGHIP:

- Lc cn ma st gia dao ct bn i v t : W 5 lc cn ny ph thuc vo

thnh phn lc thng ng R2 v trng lng thit b i. Theo cng thc (4.I.14)
trang 207 ca ti liu 5
W5 = 1 (R2 + GTB )
Trong o:
GTB : Trng lng thit b i : GTB = 2730 kg
GTB = 26781
(N)
R2 : lc theo phng thng ng hng ln trn

R2 = K.X.B
(N)
K : H s chu lc ca t : K = (50 60) N/cm2

Ta chn K = 30 N/cm2 = 0,6 N/m2
X : Chiu rng mn (cn) ca dao ct t
X = (1,0 1,5)
Ta chn
cm
X = 1,0 cm = 0,01 m
B - Chiu rng ca bn i (m) : B = 3,97 m

Thay vo : ta c R2 = 0,6.0,01.3,97 = 0,024 N
Thay R2 = 0,024 N vo cng thc (4.I.14)
W5 = 0,8 (0,024 + 26781) = 21425 (N)
- Tng cc lc cn tc dng ln my i c bn i vn nng quay l
W = W'1 + W'2 + W'3 + W'4 + W'5
Trong :
W'1 = W1.sin
; W'2 = W2.sin
W'3 = W1.sin + W''3

: gc quay ca bn i trong mt phng nm ngang. = (450 600)
Ta chn = 550
W''3 c xc nh nh sau:

Trang 56
AN TT NGHIP:

- Khi my i van nng dng san t, bn i quay trong mt phng nm

ngang v to vi trc dc ca my mt gc , lc t di chuyn dc bn i v
c sang bn cnh my do s xut hin lc ma st F ms ti b mt lm vic ca
bn i v khi t c trt dc bn i.
Fms = 1.G.2
Lc
Ta chiu Fms theo phng di chuyn s xc nh c lc cn di chuyn do

t trt dc bn i to ra theo cng thc (4.I.16) trang 208 ca ti liu 5
W''3 = 1.G.2.cos
Thay vo ta c
W''3 = 0,8.35904.0,7.0,57 = 11460
(N)
W'3 = 238,2.0,82 = 195
(N)
W'2 = 25133.0,82 = 20609
(N)
W = 195 + 20609 + 11655 + 41664 + 21425

W = 95548
(N)
* Xc nh lc ko tip tuyn ca my.

- Lc ko tip tuyn ca my Pk phi tho mn iu kin nh sau:
W PK Pb
Trong : Pb : Lc bm ca bnh xe ch ng ca my ko vi mt ng.
Pb = .Gb = .Gm.cos.Kc
Gb : Trng lng bm.
Gm ; Trng lng ca my i ; Gm = 1543 (N)
: Gc nghing ni my lm vic so vi phng nm ngang nh
Ta chn = 100
Kcd ; H s k n t trng lng my phn ra cc bnh xe ch ng
Kc = 1
: H s bnh xe ch ng hoc dy xch vi mt ng
= (0,90 1,00) ta chn = 0,90
Trang 57
AN TT NGHIP:

Pb = 0,9.154311.1.1 = 138880
(N)
Vy : PK phi tho mn iu kin

95548 PK 138880
Ta chn lc ko tip tuyn PK = 95548 N
* Xc nh cng sut ca my ko c s
N=
PK .V
270.
(m lc)
Hoc cng thc (4.I.19a)

N=
Trong :
PK .V
1000.
(KW)
PK Lc ko tip tuyn ca my
PK = 95548
(N)
V : Vn tc ca my khi lm vic bnh thng ng vi vn tc I l

V = 3,6
(Km/h)
V = 1m/s
: Hiu sut truyn ng ca my thng thng = (0,8 0,9)
Ta chn = 0,9
Thay vo cng thc (4.I.19a) ta c
N=
95548.1
1000.0,9
= 106
(KW)
N = 106.1,36 = 144
(HP)
Cng sut ca my l N = 144
(HP)
4. TNH TON KIM TRA BM CHNH .

4.1. Cc thng s chnh ca bm.
- Bm chnh dng trong h thng truyn ng thu lc ca b cng tc my
i Komatsu D65A l loi bm bnh rng, c cc thng s chnh:
-
Lu lng ca bm
Qbr = 95,5lit/pht
S vng quay
nb = 1800 v/ph

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AN TT NGHIP:

S rng ca bnh rng ch ng
Z1 = 14
S rng ca bnh rng b ng
Z2 = 14
p sut c bn to ra
P = 140 kg/cm2
Hiu sut c ch ca bm
Q = 0,92
Cng sut ca bm
Nb = 24 KW
4.2. C s tnh ton :

- Phng php chung tnh chn bm - ng c thu lc l xc nh lu
lng yu cu ca h thng thu lc da trn din tch lm vic ca piston trong xy
lanh va chn trn v vn tc nng h thit b cng tc vi tng loi my khc
nhau. Da vo hai thng s th lu lng ca bm c xc nh theo (cng thc
4.IV.24) Trang 3.55 ca ti liu 4.
Qxl = F.V cm3/ph
Trong :
F : l din tch b mt ca piston trong xylanh cm2
V : L vn tc tnh tin ca piston trong xylanh cm/ph
- Da vo lu lng yu cu ca h thng thu lc, c xc nh theo
(cng thc 4.IV.24) v tr s p sut cn thit i vi tng cng vic th ta c th
tnh ton v chn bm thch hp.
Thng thng bm bnh rng c s dng ph bin nht vi lu lng
Qbr 100 lit/ph v bm ln nht bng 200lit/ph
* Trng hp bit c cc thng s ca bm ta c th tch lu lng theo
(cng thc 12-5 ti liu 3
QBr = 7Q.D.m.b.n = 7.Q.m3.b-.Z2.n
(cm3/ph)
Trong :
D: ng knh vng ln (i vi bnh rng khng dch chnh) xc
nh theo m v Z
D = m.Z
m : l m un ca bnh rng
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AN TT NGHIP:

Z : S rng ca bnh rng

b- : Chiu rng tng i ca bnh rng
n : S vng quay bnh rng (V/ph)
Q : Hiu sut c ch ca bm
b- =
b
mZ
; b- c chn ph thuc vo p sut P ca cht lng
lm vic theo bng sau:

10
1 0,75
P (at)
b-
25
0,75 0,5
70
0,4 0,25
T biu thc tnh lu lng trn ta xc nh m un m

m=
Q
7 Q .b.Z 2 .n
(mm)
Trong :
Q : tnh bng cm3/ph
n : tnh bng Vg/ph
- Cc kch thc khc ca bnh rng (i vi bnh rng khng dch chnh)
c xc nh theo m v Z nh sau
D2 = m(Z + 2)
D0 = m.Zcos0 ; 0 l gc n khp ca thc rng thng
thng 0 = 200
h = 2.m
b = b-.m.Z
L = m.Z
Trong :
D0 : ng knh vng trn c bn ca bnh rng
D2 : ng knh vng trn nh
D : ng knh vng ln
h : Chiu cao c bn ca rng
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AN TT NGHIP:

b : Chiu rng c bn ca bnh rng

L : Khong cch gia hai tm bnh rng
d : ng knh ca ng ht v ng y v c xc nh theo cng
thc sau:
d = 4,6
Q
V
(mm)
Trong :
Q : c tnh bng l/ph
V : c tnh bng m/s
i vi ng ht Vh 1,5 2m/s
i vi ng dy V 3 5 m/s
T ta xc nh c cng sut ca bm theo cng thc
N=
P.Q
612.
(KW)
Cng sut ng c dn ng
N
Nc = .
Q
ck
(KW)
4.3. Tnh kim tra bm chnh

4.3.1. Tnh xy lanh thu lc nng h b cng tc.
* Xc nh ng knh xy lanh
Thng thng ng knh cn piston d
d = (0,4 0,5).
Trong :
D, ta chn d = 0,5D
D : l ng knh ca xy lanh
d : ng knh cn piston, theo ti liu theo ti liu 1 th d = 65mm

D=
d
65
0,5 0,5
= 130 mm
* Hnh trnh lm vic ca piston

Hnh trnh lm vic ca piston ph thuc v chiu cao nng h ca xy lanh.
Theo kinh nghim thng chn
L = (8 15).D

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Ta chn
L = 8.D
Trong :
L : Hnh trnh lm vic ca piston
D : ng knh piston
L = 8.130 = 1040 mm
* Din tch lm vic ca piston c tnh theo (cng thc 4.IV.19b v
4.IV.20) trang 354 ti liu 4
- Din tch lm vic ca piston phn khng cha cn piston theo (cng thc
4.IV.19b)
F1 =
.D 2 3,14.130 2
= 13266
4
4
mm2
- Din tch lm vic ca piston phn cha cn piston

F2 =
D 2 d 2 3,14130 2 65 2
= 9950 mm2
4
4
- Th tch lm vic ca khoang xy lanh pha sau khng cha cn piston. Theo
(cng thc 4.IV.21) trang 354 ca ti liu 4
mm2
V1 = F1.L = 13266.1040 = 13796640
Th tch lm vic ca khoang xy lanh c cha cn piston c xc nh theo

(cng thc 4.IV.21a) trang 354 ca ti liu 4
V2 = F2.L = 9950.1040 = 1034800
mm2
* Vn tc chuyn ng tnh tin ca piston trong xy lanh ph thuc vo lu

lng ca xy lanh l Qxl
- Nu b qua r r ca du khi lm vic th vn tc chuyn ng ca piston
trong xy lanh c xc nh theo (cng thc 4.IV.22) trang 354 ca ti liu 4
+ Vn tc khi nng (piston i ln)
Vn =
Q xl
F1
(cm/ph)
Trong :
Qxl : l lu lng ca xy lanh cm3/ph
F1 : Din tch ca piston cm2
Trang 62
AN TT NGHIP:

Vn : Vn tc nng cm/ph
Thng thng Vn = (0,1 0,2) m/s
y ta chn Vn = 0,1 m/s = 600 cm/ph
T cng thc (4.IV.22) ta c
Qxl = Vn.F1 = 600.132,66 = 79596 cm3/ph
* Vn tc khi h (piston i xung)
Vh =
Qxl 79596
= 800
F2
99,5
cm/ph
4.3.2. Tnh ton kim tra bm chnh

T
Qbr = 95,5
l/ph
P = 140 kg/cm = 140 at

Q = 0,92
Z = 14
b- = 0,3
n = 1800 v/ph
M ung ca bnh rng theo cng thc
QBr
m=
m=
7. Q . b .Z 2 .n
95,5.10 3
= 0,52 cm = 5,2 mm
7.0,92.0,3.14 2.1800
Ta thy trn gi tr tnh ton ca m ly m = 6 mm khi b- c gi tr
QBr
95,5.10 2
= 0,12
7. Q .Z 2 .m 2 .n 7.0,92.14 2.0,6 2.1800
Chiu rng ca bnh rng b:

b = b-.m.Z = 0,12.6.14 == 10,1
mm
b = 11 mm
Knh vng ln D
D = m.Z = 6.14 = 84
mm

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AN TT NGHIP:

ng knh vng trn nh D2

D2 = m(Z + 2) = 6(14 + 2) = 96
mm
ng knh vng trn c bn D0

D0 = m.Z.cos0 = 6.14.cos200 = 79
mm
Chiu cao ca rng h

h = 2m = 2.6 = 12
mm
Khong cch tm gia 2 bnh rng L

L = m.Z = 6.14 = 84
mm
ng knh ng ht dh
QBr
95,5
4,6.
= 31,9
V
2
dh = 4,6.
mm
Ly trn gi tr dh = 31 mm
ng knh ng ng dy d
d = 4,6
QBr
95,5
4,6
= 22,5
4
4
Ly trn gi tr d = 24
mm
mm
* Tnh cng sut ca bm

Nb =
P.QBr
140.95,5
24
612.
612.0,92
(KW)
* Cng sut dn ng ca ng c
N
24
b
Nc = . 0,92.0,85 = 31
Q
KC
(KW)
* Kt lun :
Trong qu trnh tnh ton kim tra bm chnh. Ta xt thy s dng bm bnh
rng c cc thng s k thut nh trn th p ng tt cho qu trnh hot ng ca
h thng truyn ng thu lc ca my i KOMATSU D65A trong mi iu kin
lm vic vi gii hn cho trc ca my.

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5. TNH KINH T K THUT TRONG QUN L KHAI THC MY I.

- S dng khai thc my i hp l, c nhiu hiu qu cao v mt kinh t, k
thut i ngun s dng phi am hiu k v cu to, tnh nng k thut, iu kin s
dng ca tng loi my, phi bit t chc cng tc s dng my mt cch khoa hc,
ph hp vi tng cng trnh c th.
5.1. Xc nh nhu cu my i:
Trong thi cng xy dng ni trung, trong cng tc lm t ni ring, mc
c gii ho trong cc qu trnh cng ngh thi cng ngy cng cao v l c
trng ca iu kin thi cng xy dng hin i. Vic xc nh ng n s lng
my i c ngha rt ln v iu kin s dng, khi lng cng vic, tin thi
cng ph thuc v thay i do nhiu yu t khc nhau tc ng.
Vic xc nh nhu cu my i khi thi cng trong xy dng phi ch n
kh nng khng ngng tng cng mc c gii ho, s dng ht tim nng k
thut ca my sn c v nng cao hiu qu s dng my.
- Xc nh nhu cu i thng phi lm trong cc trong trng hp sau.
+ Khi xy dng k hoch c gii ho thi cng ni chung v c gii ho lm
t ni ring cho cc tng cng ty hoc cc cng ty xy dng.
+ Khi xy dng k hoch u t mi cho n v.
+ Khi lp n t chc thi cng cho tng cng trnh c th.
Nguyn tc xc nh nhu cu my i trong tt c cc trng hp nu trn
u ging nhau. Ring trong trng hp nhu cu my i cho cng trnh c th th
nhng s liu cho trc tnh ton xut pht v ph hp vi iu kin c th ca
cng trnh v xc nh cho khi lng cng vic trong thi gian nht nh cn cc
trng hp khc th c th s dng cc nh mc, kinh nghim thc t ph thuc v
quy m tnh ton.
- Nhu cu v my i ph thuc v hng lot cc yu t mc tp trng ca
cng trnh, khi lng, thi gian thi cng, phng php t chc thi cng, iu kin
thi cng , iu kin kh hu, thi tit, thc trng hin c v xe my, trnh v kh

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nng k thut ca i ng cn b, cng nhn vn hnh cng nh nng lc bo

dng sa cha.
5.2. Khi nim v khai thc k thut my i:
- Trong xy dng c bn hin nay chng ta ang s dng mt s lng ln
v my i, hin i, phong ph v chng loi, do nhiu hng nhiu nc sn xut, v
d: Cc loi my i do : Nga sn xut; Nht sn xut cc loi my kt cu v tnh
nng hin i, cng v sau cng hon thin nh s dng h truyn dn ng thu
lc truyn ng in p dng h iu iu khin t ng, nhiu loi my c cng
sut ln nng sut cao v gim ng k chi ph s dng.
Do cc my c kt cu hin i, phc tp, cng s dng cao phi i hi
trung t cht lng my khi khai thc k thut tc l phi m bo cho chng lm
vic lu di n nh nng sut ca gi thnh h.
cc my p ng cc nhu cu trn phi gii quyt ng b cc bin php
c lin quan n khai thc thi cng v khai thc k thut my.
- Khai thc thi cng gm cng vic la chn my b tr v xc nh s
cng ngh c gii ho ng b.
- Khai thc k thut l tng hp cc bin php nhm duy tr cht lng my
trong qu trnh khai thc t khu tip nhn, bn giao, chy th v lp rp my, vn
chuyn, bo qun, bo dng v sa cha, cung cp ph tng , vt t k thut, cng
tc m bo an ton trong khu khai thc.
- Khi tip nhn my mi, my sau khi sa cha hay lp rp, khi chuyn giao
my t n v s dng my sang n v s dng khc phi tin hnh bn giao my
cn phi kim tra: H s k thut ti liu hng dn s dng my, nht k s dng
lm trong s gi my lm vic cp bo dng, thi gian tin hnh bo dng
v sa cha cc cp, tnh ng b v dng c km theo trnh tnh trng k thut
my c th xem xt tng th bn ngoi, th khng ti, th c ti, k c kim nh k
thut nu c th cn.

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My mi hay sau khi sa cha phi tin hnh chy r trn theo quy nh ca
nh my ch to hay c s sa cha. ch chy gm chy khng ti, sau tng
dn ti trng c p dng cho tng loi xe ko di khong 20 25gi.
Sau khi chy v cn thc hin vic kim tra, sit cht, iu chnh khc sai
st, thay i trn vic bn giao my cng tin hnh sau mi ca lam vic.
5.3. Bo dng k thut v sa cha my
Bo dng k thut l tng hp cc bin php nhm duy tr cho xe my lun
trng thi k thut tt khi s dng, trong bo qun, vn chuyn.
Do hao mn hoc b h hng v ngi ta phi tin hnh sa cha hoc thay
th cc b phn cu my khi kh nng ca chng khng th duy tr c bng bo
dng k thut
H thng bo dng k thut v sa cha my l tng hp cc hot ng v
t chc k hoch, cng ngh cung ng vt t v s dng nhn lc lao ng nhm
duy tr v khi phc trng thi k thut tt ca my trong thi gian phc v nhm
m bo an ton v nng cao hiu qu s dng my.
5.3.1. Bo dng k thut my.
Bo dng k thut my nhm to iu kin lm vic bnh thng cho my,
cm my v chi tit trnh cho chng ta khng b hao mn trc thi hn v h hng
bt thng, lm cho tc hao mn mc tt nht trong qu trnh s dng.
Trong bo dng k thut phi tin hnh : lau, ra, xem xt, tra du m,
kim tra xit cht, iu chnh v.v...
- V sinh cng nghip l cng vic bt buc phi lm khi tin hnh bo
dng k thut, phi thc hin n thng k v trc lc tin hnh cc bin php
khai thc bo dng k thut.
- Cng tc xit cht l phc hi cht cn thit ca cc mi ghp, trong qu
trnh my lm vic tin cy ca cc mi ghp b gim di tc dng ca lc rung
trong khi lm vic.
- Khi thc hin cng tc kim tra hiu chnh chng ta s ph hi cc khe h
cn thit trong cc mi lp ghp.
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AN TT NGHIP:

- Cng tc bi trn, nhm mc ch gim cng mi mn ca chi tit my

cc mi ghp bng cch to ra gia cc b mt tip sc cc lp vt liu bi trn
tng s lm vic n nh ca lin kt.
Qua gim ma st mi ghp hoc m bo s lm vic n nh trong
trng hp ma st thu ng keo di tui th cm chi tit.
Cc ni dung bo dng k thut sau:
+ Bo dng k thut trong s dng
+ Bo dng k thut trong khi ch i.
+ Bo dng k thut khi vn chuyn
+ Bo dng k thut theo ma
i vi my ang s dng, phi tin hnh bo dng k thut theo ca v bo
dng k thut nh k.
Bo dng k thut theo ca c thc hin cho mi ca lm vic ca my.
- Bo dng k thut nh k c tin hnh theo mt trnh t c k hoch
ph hp vi quy nh hng dn tu theo c im, khi lng, tnh cht cng vic
v thi gian thc hin ngi ta chia ra: Bo dng cp I, bo dng cp II, bo
dng cp III. Vic chia cp bo dng thng c p dng i vi my i c ln
v c kt cu ph hp.
Ni dung cng vic bo dng theo ca thng gm kim tra xem xt, bi
trn np nhin liu, iu chnh xit cht. lm v sinh my.
Ni dung cng vic bo dng nh k ca cp tp theo s bao gm cng
vic ca cp bo dng trc v cng vic cp bo dng y. Theo quy nh c th
ca ti liu hng dn ca nh my ch to mi cng vic bi trn, iu chnh,
kim tra, v sinh my u phi tin hnh theo mt quy trnh bt buc. Cng vic
iu chnh, xit cht v sa cha vt thc hin c th s cn thitkhi kim tra cc c
cu, cm my.
Ni dung v nh k bo dng k thut c qui nh theo iu kin s
dng trung bnh.

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AN TT NGHIP:

Trong iu kin qu khc bit vi iu kin s dng trung bnh (vng ni,
nng m. ..) th nh k ca tng cp bo dng v ni dung bo dng phi c
c th ho thm, song vn l bi ca nhau.
5.3.2. Sa cha my i:
- Cng nh cc loi my xy dng khc , theo mc phc tp sa chc ln
v sa cha nh.
* Sa cha nh c tin hnh cc xng bo dng, sa cha khc phc
h hng nh, sa cha nh thng c thc hin bng cch tho, lp, hn,
ngui ... v thay th cc chi tit h hng bng cc chi tit mi (khng phi lchi tit
c bn). Cng c th tin hnh sa cha nh bng vic thay th tng thnh gim
ngy my phi nm sa cha.
Chu k sa cha ln my i hay tng thnh ca chng (Tng thnh my l
mt mt loi cm chi tit lp rp thnh mt khi, bo m mt nhim v ca my)
V d: Tng thnh ng c, tng thnh hp s) thng c quy nh theo gi lm
vic.ton b cng vic sa cha ln nhm phc hi kh nng lm vic ca mytheo
cc tiu chun k thut sa cha lp rp v th my.
* Trong sa cha ln my c tho ri ra tng chi tit kim tra, sa
cha, phc hi, lp rp, chy th v sn li.
Sa cha ln my i c tin hnh theo hai phng php.
- Phng php thay th tng thnh c tin hnh trong iu kin s dng,
khi ngi ta sa cha my theo tng tng thnh tu theo mc hao mn v h
hng ca chng.
- Phng php cng nghip: khi my c sa cha ti nh my sa cha
sa cha ln (i tu) c thc hin sau mt s k bo dng nht nh, lc ny
cc cm chi tit s c gii th, kim tra v sa cha.

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Phng php sa cha dy chuyn my i thu lc nh sau:

Nhn my sa
Giao my
cha
Ra ngoi
Sn my i
X sch nhin liu,
Th my
du
Thit b in
PX. in
Dy
chuyn
gii
Dy
Thit b cng
PX kt cu
tc
kim loi
H thng thu
PX thu lc
chuyn
lp
lc
th
t
ng c
PX. ng c
my
my
Bung iu
PX. G hn
khin
C cu di
PX Gm
chuyn
Hnh 5.1: S phng thc sa cha dy chuyn
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5.4. Bo qun my i.
Vic bo qun tt c my trnh c tc hi xu ca mi trng xung
quanh, trnh c ti trng c hc tc dng li chng trong thi gian khng lm
vic, thi gian khng lm vic lin quan n s dng my theo ma hay cc iu
kin sn xut khc.
- Phi t chc bo qun my nn thi gian khng s dng my ln hn 10
ngy.
C hai dng bo qun:
- Bo qun ngn hn: nn my i khng lm vic t 10 ngy n ti 2 thng.
- Bo qun ngn hn: nn my i phi ngh lm vic khong thi gian ln
hn 2 thng.
Cn phn bit 3 phng php bo qun l bo qun trong kho kn, ngoi
tri, hn hp bo qun trong kho kn l phng php tt nht, khi ngi ta a
my vo bo qun trong ga ra hoc nh chuyn dng bo qun my, phng php
ny thng p dng cho nhng loi my mi, to v t tin, v khi bo qun di
hn.
Phng php bo qun ngoi tri: ch yu l bo qun cc my khng lm
vic ngn ngy - bo qun ngn hn, cc my ti bi xe l thin hoc c mi che.
- Phng php hn hp l kt hp c hai phng php trn. Khi cc b
phn ln cng knh vn ngoi tri, nhng b phn ph hu, t tin th c
tho ra bo qun trong kho.
Phi kim tra tnh trng k thut my trong bo qun ngn hn t nht mi
thng 1 ln, trong bo qun di hn t nht mi thng 1 ln.
Ni dung kim tra tnh trng k thut my trong bo qun tin hnh theo
hng dn qui nh th.
5.4.1. Yu cu i vi ni bo qun.
Ni bo qun thng c b tr t ngay trn phm vi s dng ca n v,
khng b tr ni bo qun gn khu vc nh dn c (khng gn hn 50m) v gn
kho xng, du m (khng gn hn 150m)
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Ti ni bo qun phi c hng ro bo v, ngn cch bng phng, mt bng

nu c dc t 2 - 3 0 thot nc. Nn bi bo qun phi c b tng nha, nu
khng phi sc chu c sc nng ca my khi di chuyn v khi bo qun
khng b ln, din tch bo qun my c tnh theo s my bo qun, kch thc
bao khong cch gia cc my v gia cc hng t my khong cch t nht gia
cc my 1 hng l 0,8m, khong cch gia cc hng l 6m.
Yu cu bo qun c mi che cng nh i vi boqun l thin, ch khc l
trnh c ma nng cho my bo qun.
Kch thc nh kho bo qun xe my da vo theo s liu my bo qun ,
kch thc bao v c xy dng theo tiu chun kho bo qun my. Kho bo qun
cc b phn my tho ra t cc my chia ra lm cc loi ring: Kho bo qun cm
chi tit, kho c quy, kho chi tit in t, kho chi tit bng cao su, vi.
5.4.2. T chc bo qun my.
Bo qun my ngn hn phi tin hnh ngay sau khi khng s dng, cn bo
qun di hn khng qu 10 ngy, k t ngy my ngng lm vic cng tc chun
b a my i bo qun do nhm th chuyn trch tin hnh vi s tham gia ca
ngi li my .
My em bo qun ngn hn, phi tin hnh bo dng k thut cp gn
nht sp lm, khi chun b my bo qun di hn, phi tin hnh bo dng cp II
v lm theo bo dng k thut theo mua (nu cn).
- Khi bo qun my ngn hn, di hn, trc tin phi v sinh my, sau
tho cc cm, chi tit bo qun trong kho ring cho tng loi my tu theo dng bo
qun (ngn hn hoc di hn) c quy nh trong ti liu k thut.
My i em bo qun phi xp theo chng loi m hiu, gia chng phi bo
m khong cch ti thiu kim tra v bo dng k thut.
- Khi bo qun my ngoi tri cn trnh nh hng trc tip ca mt tri ti
cc h thng nn khi, thu lc, cc chi tit bng cao su, bng cch bi ln chng
mt lp du chuyn dng. Tt c cc l, ca m nc c th lt vo phi che y

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kn v khi bo qun di hn h thng nhin liu phi c ngm trong du ma zt

hay du bo v, i vi l xo cn phi ni lng v bi m chng r.
Tt c cc tay gt, bn p ca c cu iu khin phi a v v tr hm, tt
c cc ngh my phi kim tra v nim ct trong kho.
Nhng chi tit v cm my c yu cu ring trong bo qun phi c bo
qun theo quy nh c th cho tng chng loi nh: Linh kin in t, bnh c quy,
cc chi tit bng cao su.
Trong qu trnhbo qun phi tin hnh bo dng k thut ph hp vi
hng dn s dng.
Vic kim tra tnh trng my bo qun trong kho phi tin hnh hai thng 1
ln cn vic bo qun ngoi tri phi kim tra hng thng, kt qu kim tra phi ghi
li l lch my.
5.5. Vn chuyn my i:
thi cng cc cng trnh ngi ta phi vn chuyn my t kho bo qun
n cc cng trnh, ngc li cng nh cn vn chuyn my t cng trnh ny n
cc cng trnh khc hoc t cng trnh n c s bo dng, sa cha tu thuc vo
c im, kt cu my, c im ng x, khong cch cn vn chuyn, m c th
p dng cc hnh thc vn chuyn khc nhau nh: t hnh ko theo, vn chuyn
bng ng st, ng thu tr trn r mooc chuyn dng. Khi t chc vn chuyn
theo phng thc no cng cn tun th theo quy nh chung v giao thng ng
b, ng st hay ng thu, trong mt s trng hp cn c s cho php ca
c quan chuyn trch.
5.5.1. Vn chuyn bng cch t hnh:
Vn chuyn bng cch t hnh ch p dng vi mu i c nh c h thng di
chuyn bng bnh lp v c vn tc di chuyn t ln hn 16KM/h, i vi cc
my i di chuyn bng bnh xch, ch cho php t di chuyn vi c li khng qu 10
- 15 KM.
Trc khi vn chuyn cc phn quay ca my phi a v v tr vn chuyn
v phi c c nh chc chn.
Trang 73
AN TT NGHIP:

Cc my i di chuyn phi tun th theo hng dn sdng ca tng loi

my.
5.5.2. Vn chuyn my i bng cc phng tin vn chuyn:
- Ch vn chuyn my i nng c kch thc ln bng phng tin t nu
nh khng th hoc khng c li khi dng cc phng tin khc.
Nu ti trng ca xe t nh hn trng lng ca my th cn phi tho my
ra tng b phn, khi t my ln thng xe phi sao cho ng trc ca n trng vi
ng trc ca ng xe, phi chn dc, chn ngang my trn thng xe hoc chng
gi c nh trong qu trnh vn chuyn.
Vn tc di chuyn khi vn chuyn tu thuc trng thi ng, song khng
nn vt qu 15 - 25 km/h
5.6. An ton lao ng trong s dng my i.
- An ton lao ng c ch n tt c cc khu t iu hnh phng n
thi cng, t thc thi cng n iu khin, vn hnh v chm sc bo dng ngi
iu khin vn hnh my i ni chung phi tun th nghim ngt nhng quy nh v
an ton lao ng chung nh sau:
1. Tt c my, bt k my c hay mi trc khi a vo s dng u phi
kim tra k lng tnh trng k thut ca my theo cc yu cu ghi trong hng dn
s dng. c bit l c cu an ton: phanh, c cu t hm c cu hn ch hnh
trnh, nu c hng hc th phi kp thi sa cha ngay mi a ra cng trnh sdng
2. Ch cho php cng nhn c o to c chng ch, bng li, bc th
tng ng, c hiu bit tng i v tnh nng cu to my, c hc tp an ton s
dng my mi c php li my.
3. Cng nhn trc tip vn hnh phi c trang b nhng phng tin bo
h lao ng cn thit khi lm vic.
4. Tt c cc b phn chuyn ng trn my phi c che chn cn thn
nhng v tr c th gy ti nn lao ng cho ngi.
5. Thng xuyn kim tra lm v sinh my, tra du m, iu chnh sa cha
nh cc b phn an ton loi tr kh nng lm hng hc my.
Trang 74
AN TT NGHIP:

6. Trong thi gian tm ngh, cn loi tr kh nng t ng m my, cn kho

hm b phn khi ng. my dng ni an ton v cn phi k chn chc chn.
7. Khi my di chuyn lm vic ban m, hoc thi tit su, c sng m,
mc d c h thng chiu sng chung, nhng phi dng n chiu sng ring
trc v sau my bng h thng n pha v n tn hiu.
i vi cn b ph trch qun l xe my, qun l xe my cn phi tun th
mt s iu khon nh sau:
1.Tt c my i trc khi a ra s dng phi c kim ra k cng tnh
trng k thut.
2 Khi thit k t chc cng ngh thi cng phi chun b ni lm vic sao cho
hon ton m bo an ton khi lm vic.
Tt c cc ni nguy him trn cng trng v phm vi lm vic ca my
pha c bin bo phng nga.
3 trc khi a my i vo lm vic cn phi xc nh s di chuyn, ni
, v tr v phng php ni t vi my in, quy nh phng php thng bo
bng tn hiu, ngha ca cc tn hiu trong khi lm vic hay khi my di chuyn
phi c thng bo cho tt c mi ngi c lin quan.
4 Ch c tin hnh bo dng k thut khi ng c ngng hn, gii
phng p lc t h thng kh nn v thu lc v cc trng hp do hng dn ca
nh my ch to quy nh.
5.7. Hiu qu - kinh t k thut ca vic s dng my i
chn la phng php hay phng an thi cng c gii ho cc cng trnh
xy dng hp l phi tin hnh so snh cc ch tiu kinh t k thut s dng my i
trong nhng iu kin cho trc.
* Cc ch tiu nh gi gm: Gi thnh, hao ph giao ng cho mt n v
sn phm, nhp iu thi cng, xc nh cc ch tiu hiu qu cn tin hnh theo
trnh t sau:
-
Xc nh my ch o trong dy truyn cng ngh

Trang 75
AN TT NGHIP:

Xc inh th loi v s lng cc my cn tr m bo thi cng ng

b khi lng cng tc cho trc trong thi hn k hoch.
Xc lp cc s liu cn thit xc nh cc ch tiu hiu qu ,lm vic

ca my.
+ Thnh phn t nhm cng nhn phc v.

+ Hao ph lao ng tho lp my
+ Nhng s liu cn thit xc nh gi thnh lm vic mt gi hoc 1 ca
my lm vic.
+ Nng sut s dng t hp ca t my kho xt
5.7.1. Gi thnh mt ca my
Chi ph s dng my trong mt ca c tnh theo cng thc
H
Cca = (1 + p). T CTC

TC
Trong :
P : ph ph chi cng bng my

CTC : Chi ph s dng my thng xuyn tnh cho mt ca bao
gm: Cng nhn, cht t nng lng, bo dng, sa cha thng xuyn.
Ttc : Tng s ca lm vic trong mt nm
H : Chi ph khu hao c bn v khu hao sa cha ln
H=
Trong :
G S Hd B D
T
G : Gi my
S : Chi ph sa cha ln cho c i my
Hb : Chi ph hin i ho my (nu c)
B : Chi ph d b my lc hng.
D : L gi vt liu o thi lc bn my i (tc l gi thanh l)
T : Tui th my tnh theo cng thc
Tnh gi n v sn phm . C theo cng thc

C=
Cca L' Ccb

N ca

Trang 76
AN TT NGHIP:

Trong :
Cca : Chi ph s dng my ca tt c cc my s dng tnh cho mt ca.
L' : Chi ph cho cng nhn lm thi cng cha tnh v chi ph s
dng my
Nca : Nng sut ca my
Ccb : Chi ph cng tc chun b my lm vic.
Q : Khi lng cng vic cng trnh thi cng bng my
5.7.2. Hao ph lao ng cho mt n v sn phm.
- Hao ph lao ng cho mt n v sn phm thi cng bng my c th xc
nh c theo cng thc
mv =
mm mtc mcb
N ca
Trong :
mv : chi ph lao ng cho mt n v sn phm (ngy cng)
mm : chi ph lao ng phc v my (ngy cng)
mtc : Chi ph lao ng lm cng tc chun b
Nca : Nng sut ca ca t my
Q : Khi lng sn phm cng trnh thi cng bng my i
Khi xc nh hao ph lao ng mm ch tnh chi ph lao ng ca cng nhn
iu khin v phc v t my nh : Th my, th in v. v ... Chi ph lao ng ca
t my mtc gm th ph lm cc cng vic th cng hon thnh nguyn cng
c gii ho cc loi nhn cng cn li tnh thng qua mcb.
5.7.3. Nhp iu cng vic:
Nhp iu cng vic l t s khi lng sn phm hnh thnh vi thi gian
thc hin n.
T=
Q
t
Trong :
T: Nhp iu cng vic
Trang 77
AN TT NGHIP:

Q : Khi lng sn phm

t : Thi gian thc hin cng vic tnh theo ca
Cng thc trn chnh l xc nh nng sut ca ca t my.
5.7.4. Xut tiu hao nng lng cht t.
Xut hin hao nng lng cht t khi tin hnh c gii ho cng tc thi
cng c tin hnh theo cng thc sau.
Ec =
E
N ca
Trong :
EC : Xut tiu hao nng lng cht t
E : Tng tiu hao nng lng cht t cho t my trong mt ca lm
vic (KW, kg nhin liu)
Na : Nng sut ca mt ca my hay ca c t my khi t my lm vic c nhiu my
s dng cc dng nhin liu khc nhau nh (xng du, in nng) th xut tiu hao
nng lng phi tnh ring cho tng loi.

Trang 78
AN TT NGHIP:

KT LUN
Sau hn ba thng lm vic lin tc vi ti, lc u em khng trnh khi

s ng ngng. Tuy vy vi s c gng ca bn thn. ng thi c s hng dn
tn tnh ca thy gio Nguyn vn ng v s gip ca bn b em hon thnh
ti giao ng thi hn.
Trong n em gii thiu ni dung chnh:
+ Kho st h thng truyn ng thu lc trn my i KOMATSU D65A.
V kh nng cn hn v thi gian lm vic c hn so vi nhim v kho st,
do vy em ch gii quyt c nhng phn c bn nht ca nhim v m cha gii
quyt c mt cch trit tt c cc ni dung lin quan n ti. Trong n
tt nghip ca em khng trnh khi cc sai st.
Knh mong cc qu thy c thng cm gp kin v b sung cho ti c
hon thin hn nhm phc v nhu cu hc tp c tt.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!

Trang 79
AN TT NGHIP:

TI LIU THAM KHO
1. SHOP MANUAL. KOMATSU D65A.

2. Thu lc v my thu lc - tp
Tc gi : inh Ngc i - ng Huy Chi - Nguyn c Hong - Phm
c Nhun.
Nh xut bn : i hc v trung hc chuyn nghip H Ni 1972
3. Thu lc v my thu lc - Tp II
Tc gi : inh Ngc i - ng Huy Chi - Nguyn c Hong - Phm
c Nhun.
Nh xut bn : i hc v trung hc chuyn nghip H Ni 1972
4. My lm t
Tc gi : V th Lc - V Thanh Binh
Nh xut bn giao thng vn ti
5. My lm t
Tc gi : Phm Hu ng - Hoa Vn Ng - Lu B Thun
Nh xut bn xy dng H Ni 2004.
6. Vn hnh v bo dng my xy dng
Tc gi : Phm c n
Nh xut bn giao thng vn ti.

Trang 80

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Khao Sat He Thong Truyen Dong Thuy Luc Tren May Ui Komatsu D pCTqQzIudd 20130107020822 4

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AN TT NGHIP:

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

3. KHO ST H THNG TRUYN NG THU LC TRN MY I

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

5.3. Bo dng k thut v sa cha my...............................................................67

SVTH:Nguyn Trong Tng - Lp 24C4

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

Do nhng c tnh u vit ca n m my i c s dng ph bin hn so

Cng sut ng c(KW)

SVTH:Nguyn Trong Tng - Lp 24C4

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

b. Phn loi da vo gc t ca bn i so vi trc dc ca my:

Hnh 1.1. S thit b i vn nng

SVTH:Nguyn Trong Tng - Lp 24C4

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

Hnh 1.2. S thit b i thng

c. Phn loi da vo phng php iu khin thit b i:

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

d. Phn loi da vo c cu di chuyn, my i chia lm hai loi:

M thut cng ngh tt.

1.3. GII THIU CHUNG V H THNG TRUYN NG CA MY I

SVTH:Nguyn Trong Tng - Lp 24C4

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

1.3.1. Truyn ng c hc:

Hnh 1.3: S truyn ng bng cp

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

+ B truyn thng c kt cu phc tp.

SVTH:Nguyn Trong Tng - Lp 24C4

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

Hnh 1.4: S truyn ng thu lc

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

- D o chiu chuyn ng ca b cngtc.

SVTH:Nguyn Trong Tng - Lp 24C4

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

1.4. GII THIU CHUNG V MY I KOMATSU D65A:

Hnh 1.5. Kt cu chung ca my i KOMATSU D65A

2- Thng cha nhin liu.

12. Ngng trc

SVTH:Nguyn Trong Tng - Lp 24C4

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

8- Thanh chng xin

Khi lng lc hot ng

Khi lng b cng tc

Chiu di vi thit b lm vic

Chiu rng phn my ko c s

Chiu rng vi thit b lm vic

Chiu cao n nh cao ng x kh

Chiu cao n nh bnh lc kh

Chiu rng c s ca di xch

Chiu rng gia hai trc bnh xch

Chiu rng ca di xch

SVTH:Nguyn Trong Tng - Lp 24C4

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

bn knh quay vng

S lng t s truyn ca s tin

1.4.3. Qu trnh lm vic ca my i:

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc

-Ct t v tch t c chiu dy phoi khng i trn sut qung ng o

SVTH:Nguyn Trong Tng - Lp 24C4

Khao sat h thng truyn ng thuy lc